EN-Stamping and SheetMetal 2012

基于AUTOFORM的汽车前围横梁连接板的数值分析与实验研究徐迎强;韩永志;崔礼春【摘要】目的分析汽车前围横梁连接板的冲压成形过程.方法以板料成形非线性分析软件AUTOFORM为平台,对汽车前围横梁连接板的冲压成形过程进行CAE分析.根据模拟结果(成形极限图、材料流动分布及材料变薄率),对拉延型面及工艺参数进行了优化.结果所得零件材料最大减薄率为14.6％,在B340LA(t=1.0 mm)材质减薄率安全范围内(16.9％),零件型面球化处角部无暗伤及拉裂,翻边处材料流动均匀,无开裂风险,成形结果得到大大改善.结论 CAE仿真能够预测零件成形过程中存在的缺陷,优化工艺参数,指导模具设计工作.最后将优化结果用于指导实际生产,得到了符合质量要求的零件.【期刊名称】《精密成形工程》【年(卷),期】2014(006)003【总页数】5页(P15-19)【关键词】汽车前围横梁连接板;数值模拟;工艺补充;拉延成形【作者】徐迎强;韩永志;崔礼春【作者单位】安徽江淮汽车股份有限公司,合肥230601;安徽江淮汽车股份有限公司,合肥230601;安徽江淮汽车股份有限公司,合肥230601【正文语种】中文【中图分类】TG386车身覆盖件尺寸较大、结构复杂，为空间曲面形状，用简单的数学解析很难表达，其加工过程涉及几何、材料非线性和复杂的摩擦状态等问题。

由于影响因素较多，因此无法精确控制材料的流动，较难找到变形规律，出现的质量问题较多[1—6]。

传统意义上的试模法造成大量资源浪费，已无法应对如今产品更新换代的短周期的要求，板料成形CAE使工艺设计人员可以在投产准备阶段，预估零件成形中可能出现的缺陷，如回弹、起皱及破裂等，并优化工艺参数，验证并指导后期的模具设计工作[7—13]。

前围横梁连接板的成形工艺，由拉延(DR)、修边(TR)、翻边(FL)及整形(RST)等4道工序完成，其中DR是关键，它决定了TR，FL和RST等工序的内容及成形状态。

基于板料冲压成形仿真系统FASTAMP-NX10与冲压模具智能设计系统SIS-V2.0的拉伸模设计叶增良，邓登建（河源职业技术学院机电工程学院，广东河源517000）【摘要】以电子产品金属外壳为实例，具体分析了其成形特点，找出某电子产品金属外壳冲压件成形的共性。

介绍了电子产品金属外壳的成形特点和外壳件冲压模具设计的基本原则，其中包括了冲压方向、工艺补充面等设计的常用手法。

直接用工业三维软件NX10.0构造出外壳冲压模具的三维实体模型，完成了电子产品金属外壳的模具设计，更真实的反映了模具零件之间的装配关系，减少了实际模具设计带来的一些问题和制造时间。

同时，模具各部分的干涉检查能够方便地做到，从而提高了电子产品面壳模具结构的设计效率和质量，缩短了模具的设计和制造时间，这对制造业尤其是模具的制造来说尤为重要。

关键词：金属外壳；成型特点；冲压模具；装配关系中图分类号：TG385.2 文献标识码：BDOI：10.13596/ki.44-1542/th.2024.04.004Design of Cold Stamping and Drawing Die Based on FASTAMP-NX10 Simulation System for Sheet Metal Stamping Forming, andSIS-V2.0 Intelligent Design System for Stamping DieYe Zengliang，Deng Dengjian（Heyuan Polytechnic Institute of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering，Heyuan, Guangdong 517000，CHN）【Abstract】This article takes the metal shell of electronic products as an example to analyze itsforming characteristics in detail and identify the common characteristics of stamping parts for acertain electronic product metal shell. It explains the forming characteristics of electronic productmetal shells and the basic principles of shell stamping die design, including commonly usedtechniques such as stamping direction and process supplementary surface design. A 3D solidmodel of the shell stamping die was directly constructed using the industrial 3D software NX10.0,completing the die design of the metal shell of electronic products, more realistically reflecting theassembly relationship between die parts, reducing some problems and manufacturing time causedby actual die design. At the same time, interference inspection of various parts of the die can beeasily achieved, thereby improving the design efficiency and quality of the surface shell diestructure of electronic products, shortening the design and manufacturing time of the die, which isparticularly important for the manufacturing industry, especially for die manufacturing.Key words： metal case；forming characteristics；stamping die； assembly relationships1 引言冲压成形是利用安装在压力机上的模具对材料施加压力，使其产生塑性变形，从而获得所需零件的一种压力加工方法。

Pre-Coated or Uncoated Low Carbon, Heat-Treatable Boron Steel预镀层或无镀层低碳可热处理硼钢1 Scope适用范围This specification covers the requirements for low carbon, heat-treatable boron steel used in the manufacture of structural parts to manage very high tensile loads without significant deformation such as required in safety and occupant protection.本规范涵盖了用于结构零件的低碳可热处理硼钢的要求，而这些零件应具有安全性和乘员保护性能，要求在没有明显变形的情况下，具有很高的强度。

This material is heat treated and then formed and simultaneously quenched in a water cooled die in a process referred to as hot stamping, hot press forming or press hardening.这种材料用于热冲压（或称热成形、压淬成形）工艺，经过加热，然后在水冷模具中成形并淬火。

Material produced by this process generally referred to as press hardened steel(PHS).用于这种工艺的材料一般称作热成形钢（PHS）。

This process results in a part with a microstructure consisting of essentially 100% tempered martensite or martensite with trace amounts of bainite.通过这种工艺得到的零件的金相组织是100%的回火马氏体或者含有极少量贝氏体的马氏体组织。

SPECIFICATION INDEXFORMATERIALS, PROCESSES, AND FINISHESRevision date: 13 October 2020 Revision letter: EIssue date: 07 December 2016 Purchase order:WARNING: These commodities, technologies or software are controlled by the ExportAdministration Regulation (EAR). Any export or deemed export from the United States must adhere to the EAR. Diversion contrary to U.S. law is prohibited.This document contains information proprietary to Cobham Mission Systems Davenport LSS Inc.Any reproduction, disclosure, or use of this document is expressly prohibited except as CobhamMission Systems Davenport LSS Inc., may otherwise agree in writing.Prepared by M. SchroerApproved by S. HarveyREVISION HISTORYTABLE OF CONTENTSPara No. Title Page No.1.0PURPOSE (1)1.1Disclaimer (1)2.0LIST OF MATERIALS (1)2.1Aluminum Alloys (1)2.2Steels and Stainless Steels (3)2.3Titanium Alloys (5)2.4Copper Alloys: Brasses, Bronzes, et cetera (5)2.5Non-Metallics (5)2.5.1Paints and Primers (5)2.5.2Dry Films (6)2.5.3Plastics (6)2.5.4Rubbers (6)3.0LIST OF FINISHES (7)4.0LIST OF PROCESSES (8)APPENDIX INSTRUCTIONAL GUIDE FOR USING PUB. NO. 23854 AND PUB. NO. 24230 ..... Appendix-1LIST OF TABLESTable No. Title Page No. Table I. 2024 Aluminum Alloy Specifications (1)Table II. 5000-Series Aluminum Alloy Specifications (1)Table III. 6061 Aluminum Alloy Specifications (2)Table IV. 7050 Aluminum Alloy Specifications (2)Table V. 7075 Aluminum Alloy Specifications (3)Table VI. Steel and Stainless Steel Specifications (3)Table VII. Titanium Alloy SPs (5)Table VIII. Copper Alloy Specifications (5)Table IX. Paint and Primer SPs (5)Table X. Dry Film SPs (6)Table XI. Plastics SPs (6)Table XII. Rubbers SPs (6)Table XIII. Finishes SPs (7)Table XIV. Processes SPs (8)1.0 PURPOSEThe purpose of this document is to supply an index of specifications (herein referred to as SPs) for different materials, processes, and finishes. Cobham, as used herein, refers to Cobham Mission Systems Davenport LSS Inc.1.1 DisclaimerIt should be noted that the use of any of the industry specifications (i.e., AMS, QQ, MIL, etc.) listed next to the Cobham SPs will not affect form, fit, or function, as long as the temper and form are identical. For example, if SP1638396 is specified, QQ-A-250/11, AMS-QQ-A-250/11, or AMS4027 are acceptable for use. This means if an SP or this publication is revised, a first article inspection is not required for any of the affected drawings.The appendix provides an instructional guide on how to use this document and Pub. No. 24230.2.0 LIST OF MATERIALS2.1 Aluminum AlloysTable I includes SPs for 2024 alloys, Table II includes SPs for 5000-series alloys, Table III includes SPs for 6061 alloys, Table IV includes SPs for 7050 alloys, and Table V includes SPs for 7075 alloys.Table I. 2024 Aluminum Alloy SpecificationsTable II. 5000-Series Aluminum Alloy SpecificationsTable IV. 7050 Aluminum Alloy SpecificationsTable V. 7075 Aluminum Alloy Specifications2.2 Steels and Stainless SteelsTable VI includes SPs for steels.Table VI. Steel and Stainless Steel Specifications – CONTDTable VI. Steel and Stainless Steel Specifications – CONTD2.3 Titanium AlloysTable VII includes SPs for titanium alloys.Table VII. Titanium Alloy SPs2.4 Copper Alloys: Brasses, Bronzes, et ceteraTable VIII includes SPs for copper alloys.Table VIII. Copper Alloy Specifications2.5 Non-Metallics2.5.1 Paints and PrimersTable IX includes SPs for paints and primers.Table IX. Paint and Primer SPs2.5.2 Dry FilmsTable X includes SPs for dry films.Table X. Dry Film SPs2.5.3 PlasticsTable XI includes SPs for plastics.Table XI. Plastics SPs2.5.4 RubbersTable XII includes SPs for rubbers.Table XII. Rubbers SPsAPPENDIXINSTRUCTIONAL GUIDE FOR USING PUB. NO. 23854 AND PUB. NO. 24230USE OR DISCLOSURE OF DATA CONTAINED ON THIS SHEET IS SUBJECT TO THE RESTRICTIONS ON THE TITLE PAGE OF THIS DOCUMENT.Appendix-1General Description of Resources for Handling Obsolete Specifications:Pub. No. 24230 contains a long list of canceled and superseded specifications downloaded from IHS Markit for easy reference. The document is searchable and shows what document, if any, replaces the old one.Pub. No. 23854 (this document) contains an index listing the SP documents that have been created so far for materials and processes.SP1638XX documents listed in the index each contain detailed information showing all current and past specs that are equivalent for a material or process. These documents can be used interchangeably. Process to Identify and Use Equivalent Specifications:NOTEWhen searching for a specification in any of the documents referenced below, rememberthat they could be listed imperfectly on the drawing or spec, adding a space or leavingout a space or dash, making it easier to search for only part of the text(i.e., try 250/4 instead of QQ-A-250/4).1. Refer to Pub. No. 24230 for replacement specifications:a. Refer to Pub. No. 24230 by opening the document and searching for “spec” to be replaced. Holddown the Control key, press F, enter sp ec, click “Next” and review all entries until it says it hasreached the end of the document.b. Make optional material or process options match between the specs as explained in Section 2 ofthe document.c. Material or processes to the replacement SP, subject to everything else being the same, can beused without submitting a request for deviation.d. If no suitable replacement has been found, there may still be one that was released recently. Tosearch Swiftchill, select “Begins With”, enter document number “SP1638”, select “Contains” in the title for the keyword, which is usually the alloy number, such as “6061”. See Appendix-Figure 1for an example.USE OR DISCLOSURE OF DATA CONTAINED ON THIS SHEET IS SUBJECT TO THE RESTRICTIONS ON THE TITLE PAGE OF THIS DOCUMENT.Appendix-2USE OR DISCLOSURE OF DATA CONTAINED ON THIS SHEET IS SUBJECT TO THE RESTRICTIONS ON THE TITLE PAGE OF THIS DOCUMENT.Appendix-3Appendix-Figure 1. Swiftchill Search Example2. Using Pub. No. 23854 Specification Index to identify alternate and/or replacement specs:a. Refer to the List of Tables, following the Table of Contents, to identify which table in thedocument applies to the finish or process on the drawing and go to that table.b. Find the specification on the drawing in the right column, select the line in the table where the leftcolumn matches the form, temper, or options listed on print. c. Other SPs listed in the same box in the right column are acceptable when the form, temper, etc.match the original specification.3. Identifying usable specifications when the drawing lists “SP….” f or the material or process:a. Refer to the SP referenced for list of equivalent specifications.b. Equivalent specs can be used without a deviation request but form, temper, and any otheroptions must be the same.4. Inspecting parts based on equivalent SPs:a. Certifications received with a part can reference any of the equivalent SPs from the appropriateSP, so long as the other options called out on the drawing match.b. An inspection record stating, “Accepted based on SP23854 T able II” should be added or anappropriate reference to the basis for equivalency in the cross reference documents or SP listed on the drawing.5. Handling obsolete SPs not found in Pub. No. 24230 or Pub. No. 23854:a. Contact the Material and Process group to determine appropriate SPs and initiate addingappropriate information to the above documents, along with creating new material and processSP documents as the need arises.6. Purchasing items that list a SP for the material and/or processes:a. Potential suppliers need to have all the referenced documents for the material and processes.This enables them to see what else is acceptable without a deviation request.b. If something does not have a SP called out yet, Pub. No. 23854 or Pub. No. 24230 can be usedto identify what can be used without submitting a deviation request.c. For any other substitutions or obsolete SPs, suppliers will still have to contact you and submit adeviation request if engineering approves of a substitution. New documents will be created when that happens to expand how many materials and processes are covered in the SP documents.7. Examples of SPs:a. Drawing callouts and superseding specifications are shown in Appendix-Table I.b. Drawing callouts of Cobham SP documents and examples of acceptable material certificationsare shown in Appendix-Table II.8. Received raw material does not match Oracle description:a. If Cobham receives a raw material, and the certs do not match the Oracle description, contact theMaterial and Process group to determine if the material is acceptable or not.b. Occasionally multiple tempers can be used for the same raw material, but the Oracle descriptionmay only state one temper.c. M&P may determine the Oracle description needs to be updated, or an NC can be initiated todetermine how to proceed with the raw material.USE OR DISCLOSURE OF DATA CONTAINED ON THIS SHEET IS SUBJECT TO THE RESTRICTIONS ON THE TITLE PAGE OF THIS DOCUMENT.Appendix-4Appendix-Table III. Example of Tables Listing More than one Requirement in SP1638409USE OR DISCLOSURE OF DATA CONTAINED ON THIS SHEET IS SUBJECT TO THE RESTRICTIONS ON THE TITLE PAGE OF THIS DOCUMENT.Appendix-7。

en12266-2012EN12266-2012 is a European standard that specifies requirements for the performance testing of metallic industrial piping systems. It provides guidelines for evaluating the strength, leakage, and pressure resistance of various types of metallic piping systems, including those made of steel, stainless steel, and copper alloys.The standard covers a wide range of tests, including hydrostatic pressure testing, leak testing, and mechanical strength testing. It also provides guidelines for the preparation of test samples, test procedures, and acceptance criteria.EN12266-2012 is important in ensuring the safety and reliability of industrial piping systems. By following the standard's requirements, manufacturers can verify the performance of their products and ensure that they meet the necessary criteria for installation and operation.Compliance with EN12266-2012 is often required in various industries, such as oil and gas, chemical, and power generation, where the integrity of piping systems is crucial. It helps to ensure that these systems can withstand the necessary pressures and prevent leaks or failures that could lead to accidents or disruptions in operations.Overall, EN12266-2012 plays a significant role in promoting the quality and performance of metallic industrial piping systems and helps to ensure the safety and reliability of various industrial processes.。

CEM ContractManufactureservice 合约托付代工IBSC InternetBusinessSolutionCenter 国际互联网应用中心PCEG PersonalComputerEnclosuregroup 个人计算机外设事业群〔FOXTEQ〕SABG systemassemblybusinessgroup 系统组装事业群Engineerstandard 工标Documentcenter(databasecenter)资料中心DesignCenter设计中心Painting 烤漆(厂) Assembly组装(厂)Stamping 冲压(厂)EducationandTraining教育练习proposalimprovement/creativesuggestion提案改善Technologicalexchangeandstudy技术交流研习会TechnologyandDevelopmentCommittee技术开展委员会BS BrainStorming 脑力激荡QCC QualityControlCircle 品质圈PDCA PlanDoCheckAction 方案执行检查总结DCCdeliverycontrolcenter交货管制中心Computer计算机类产品Consumerelectronics消费性电子产品Communication通讯类产品Corevalue〔核心价值〕Love 爱心Confidence 信心Decision 决心Corporateculture(公司文化)Integration 融合Responsibility责任Progress 进步Timetomarket 及时切进生产Timetovolume 及时大量生产Timetomoney 及时大量交货3722中国最庞大的数据库下载FOURCONTROLSYSTEM四大管制系统Engineeringcontrolsystem工程管制系统Qualitycontrolsystem品质管制系统Manufacturingcontrolsystem生产管制系统Managementcontrolsystem经营管制系统Classification整理(sorting,organization)-seiri Regulation整顿(arrangement,tidiness)-seiton Cleanliness清扫(sweeping,purity)-seiso Conservation清洁(cleaning,cleanliness)-seiktsu Culture教养(discipline)-shitsukeSave节约Safety平安二:英文缩写品质人员名称类QC qualitycontrol 品质治理人员FQC finalqualitycontrol 终点品质管制人员IPQC inprocessqualitycontrol 制程中的品质管制人员OQC outputqualitycontrol 最终出货品质管制人员IQC incomingqualitycontrol 进料品质管制人员TQC totalqualitycontrol 全面质量治理POC passagequalitycontrol 段检人员QA qualityassurance 质量保证人员OQA outputqualityassurance 出货质量保证人员QE qualityengineering 品质工程人员品质保证类FAI firstarticleinspection 新品首件检查FAA firstarticleassurance 首件确认CP capabilityindex 能力指数CPI capabilityprocessindex 模具制程能力参数SSQA standardizedsupplierqualityaudit 合格供货商品质评估FMEA failuremodeleffectivenessanalysis 失效模式分析FQC运作类AQL AcceptableQualityLevel 运作类允收品质水准S/S Samplesize 抽样检验样本大小ACC Accept 允收REE Reject 拒收CR Critical 极严重的MAJ Major 要紧的MIN Minor 略微的Q/R/S Quality/Reliability/Service 品质/可靠度/效劳P/N PartNumber 料号L/N LotNumber 批号AOD AcceptOnDeviation 特采UAI UseAsIt 特采FPIR FirstPieceInspectionReport 首件检查报告PPM PercentPerMillion 百万分之一制程统计品管专类SPC StatisticalProcessControl 统计制程管制SQC StatisticalQualityControl 统计品质管制GRR GaugeReproductiveness&Repeatability 量具之再制性及重测性判定量可靠与否DIM Dimension 尺寸DIA Diameter 直径N Number 样品数其它品质术语类QIT QualityImprovementTeam 品质改善小组ZD ZeroDefect 零缺点QI QualityImprovement 品质改善QP QualityPolicy 目标方针TQM TotalQualityManagement 全面品质治理RMA ReturnMaterialAudit 退料认可7QCTools 7QualityControlTools 品管七大手法通用之件类ECN EngineeringChangeNotice 工程变更通知(供货商)ECO EngineeringChangeOrder 工程改动要求(客户)PCN ProcessChangeNotice 工序改动通知PMP ProductManagementPlan 生产管制方案SIP StandardInspectionProcedure 制程检验标准程序SOP StandardOperationProcedure 制造作业标准IS InspectionSpecification 成品检验标准BOM BillOfMaterial 物料清单PS PackageSpecification 包装标准SPEC Specification 规格DWG Drawing 图面系统文件类ES EngineeringStandard 工程标准IWS InternationalWorkmanStandard 工艺标准ISO InternationalStandardizationOrganization 国际标准化组织GS GeneralSpecification 一般规格部类PMC Production&MaterialControl 生产和物料操纵PCC Productcontrolcenter 生产管制中心PPC ProductionPlanControl 生产方案操纵MC MaterialControl 物料操纵DCC DocumentControlCenter 数据操纵中心QE QualityEngineering 品质工程(部)QA QualityAssurance 品质保证(处)QC QualityControl 品质管制(课)PD ProductDepartment 生产部LAB Laboratory 实验室IE IndustrialEngineering 工业工程R&D Research&Design 设计开发部生产类PCs Pieces 个(根,块等)PRS Pairs 双(对等)CTN Carton 卡通箱PAL Pallet/skid 栈板PO PurchasingOrder 采购订单MO ManufactureOrder 生产单D/C DateCode 生产日期码ID/C IdentificationCode (供货商)识不码SWR SpecialWorkRequest 特不工作需求L/N LotNumber 批号P/N PartNumber 料号OEM OriginalEquipmentManufacture 原设备制造PC PersonalComputer 个人计算机CPU CentralProcessingUnit 中心处理器A.S.A.P AsSoonAsPossible 尽可能快的E-MAIL Electrical-Mail 电子邮件N/A NotApplicable 不适用QTY Quantity 数量I/O input/output 输进/输出NG NotGood 不行,不合格C=0 Critical=0 极严重不准许APP Approve 核准,认可,成认CHK Check 确认ASS'Y Assembly 装配,组装T/P TruePosition 真位度5WIH When,Where,Who,What,Why,Howto6M Man,Machine,Material,Method,Measurement,Mess age4MTH Man,Material,Money,Method,Time,How 人力,物力,财务,技术,时刻(资源)SQA StrategyQualityAssurance 策略品质保证DQA DesignQualityAssurance 设计品质保证MQA ManufactureQualityAssurance 制造品质保证SSQA SalesandserviceQualityAssurance 销售及效劳品质保证LRR LotRejectRate 批退率DT DeskTop 卧式(机箱)T Mini-Tower 立式(机箱)DVD DigitalVideoDiskVCD VideoCompactDiskLCD LiquidCrystalDisplay 液晶显示器CAD ComputerAidedDesign 计算器辅助设计CAM ComputerAidedManufacturing 计算器辅助生产PCB PrintedCircuitBoard 印刷电路板CAR CorrectionActionReport 改善报告NG NotGood 不良WDR WeeklyDeliveryRequirement 周出货要求PPM PercentPerMillion 百万分之一TPM TotalProductionMaintenance 全面生产保养MRP MaterialRequirementPlanning 物料需方案OS OperationSystem 操作系统TBA ToBeAssured 待定,定缺D/C DrawingChangeP/P Plans&ProcedureEMI Electrical-MusicIndustry 电子音乐工业ElectricalMagneticInterference 电子干扰RFI ReadFrequencyInput 读频输进MMC MaximumMaterialConditionLED lighting-emittingdiode发光二极管CIP Continuousimprovementprocess 持续改善过程B2C BusinesstocustomerB2B BusinesstobusinessAVL ApprovedvendorlistPOP Procedureofpackaging 包装程序三:专业词汇通用类president董事长operator作业员position职务generalmanager总经理specialassistant特助deputymanager|'depjuti|=vicemanager副理deputysupervisor=vicesupervisor副课长groupleader组长lineleader线长supervisor课长responsibledepartment负责单位HumanResourcesDepartment人力资源部Headcount人头数productiondepartment生产部门planningdepartment企划部QCSection品管课stampingfactory冲压厂paintingfactory烤漆厂moldingfactory成型厂administration/generalaffairsdept./总务部productionunit生产单位meetingminutes会议记录distributiondepartment分发单位subject主题conclusion结论decisionitems决议事项pre-fixedfinishingdate预定完成日Colormanagement 颜色治理Visualmanagement 目视治理productioncapacity生产力firstcount初盘firstcheck初盘复棹secondcount复盘secondcheck复盘复核quantityofphysicalinventorysecondcount复盘点数量physicalinventory盘点数量physicalcountquantity帐面数量differencequantity差异量sparepartsphysicalinventorylist备品盘点清单causeanalysis缘故分析wastematerials废料description品名specification规格model机种workorder工令revision版次remark备注registration登记registrationcard登记卡tocontrol管制applicationformforpurchase请购单consume,consumption消耗tonotify通知tofillin填写tocollect,togather收集statistics统计cosmeticinspectionstandard 外瞧检验标准computercase计算机外壳(组件) personalcomputerenclosure 计算机机箱产品frontplate前板rearplate后板chassis|'∫æsi|基座bezelpanel面板Hood 上盖basepan 基座bezel 面板risercard 扩充卡flatcable 排线pinheader排针TOPdrivercage 上磁架bottomdrivercage 下磁架resinfilm 树脂膜rawmaterials原料materials物料steelplate钢板roll/coilmaterial卷料spareparts=buffer备品plasticparts塑料件sheetmetalparts/stampingparts冲件materialchecklist物料检查表finishedproduct成品semi-finishedproduct半成品goodproduct/acceptedgoods/acceptedparts/goodparts良品defectiveproduct/non-goodparts不良品disposedgoods处理品warehouse/hub仓库packingmaterial包材plasticbasket胶筐flowchart流程窗体productiontempo生产进度现状lotsofproduction生产批量manufactureprocedure制程torevise,modify修订toswitchoverto,switch—to,switchingover切换engineeringbottleneck,projectdifficulty工程瓶颈glove(s)手套glove(s)withexposedfingers割手套Band-Aid创可贴Industrialalcohol工业酒精broom扫把mop拖把vacuumcleaner吸尘器rag抹布garbagecontainer灰箕garbagecan垃圾箱garbagebag垃圾袋liaison联络单rags抹布lampholder灯架tomopthefloor拖地tocleanatable擦桌子airpipe气管deliverydeadline交货期dieworker模工production,toproduce生产equipment设备resistance电阻beacon警示灯coolant冷却液crusher粉碎机plate电镀powerbutton电源按键resetbutton重置键forklift*车Workshoptraveler 天车trailer=longvehicle拖板车Hydraulictrolley手压车hydraulichandjack油压板车casing=containerization装箱velocity速度patent专利coordinate坐标supplyanddemand供求careercard履历卡barricade隔板cartonbox纸箱topullandstretch拉深workcell/workshop工作间品质类qualifiedproducts,up-to-gradeproducts良品defectiveproducts,notup-to-gradeproducts不良品defectiveproductbox不良品箱poorprocessing制程不良poorincomingpart来件不良exposedmetal/baremetal金属裸露excessivedefect过多的缺陷criticaldefect极严重缺陷majordefect要紧缺陷minordefect次要缺陷notuptostandard不合规格cosmeticdefect外瞧不良lackofpainting烤漆不到位slippedscrewhead/slipperyslippedthread滑丝missingpart漏件wrongpart错件oxidation氧化defectivethreading抽芽不良poorstaking铆合不良deficientpurchase来料不良制程不良cosmeticinspection外瞧检查innerpartsinspection内部检查blister气泡angularoffset角度偏差dent压痕scratch刮伤deformation变形filings铁削defectivelabel不良标签abrasion磨损Breaking.(be)broken,(be)cracked断裂short射料缺乏nick缺口speck瑕疪shine亮班splay银纹gasmark焦痕delaminating起鳞speckle斑点mildewed=moldy=mouldy发霉deformation变形burr(金属)flash(塑件)毛边poorstaking铆合不良excessivegap间隙过大grease/oilstains油污inclusion杂质shrinking/shrinkage缩水mixedcolor杂色foldofpackagingbelt打包带折皱paintingmake-up补漆discoloration羿色waterspots水渍impurity 杂质Mismatch 错位failure,trouble 故障deformation 变形rust 生锈peel 脱漆Shrink 缩水Contamination 脏污waterspots 水渍Gap 间隙labelerror 标签错误Missinglabel 漏贴rejectioncriteria 拒收标准Suspectedrejects 可疑庇abrasion 损伤、磨损Texturesurface 印花纹外表Streak 条纹stains 污点Blotch 斑点discoloration 脱色Inclusion 杂质slugmark 压痕dirtgrime 灰尘blush 毛边薄膜sink 下凹Hickey 漏漆labelsandlogos 贴纸与商标Configurationlabels 组合贴纸corrugatedcontainer 瓦摆纸箱Delaminating 脱层splattering 散点Gouge 锉孔puckering 折痕。

机械专业英语词汇金属切削 metal cutting [英] [ˈmetl][美] [ˈmɛtl]机床 machine tool [英] [məˈʃi:n tu:l][美] [məˈʃin tul]金属工艺学 technology of metals [tekˈnɔlədʒi] [ˈmetl]刀具 cutter[D.J.:'kʌtə][K.K.:'kʌtɚ]摩擦 friction['frikʃən][’frɪkʃən]联结 link [liŋk]传动 drive/transmission [trænzˈmiʃən]轴 shaft [ʃɑ:ft]弹性 elasticity [ɪlæ'stɪsɪti:, ,i:læ-][ɪlæ'stɪsɪti, ,ilæ-]频率特性 frequency characteristic['fri:kwənsi][ˌkæriktəˈristik]误差 error[ˈerə]响应 response[ri'spɔns]定位 allocation[ˌæləˈkeiʃən]机床夹具 jig[dʒɪg]动力学 dynamic[dai'næmik]运动学 kinematic[,kaini'mætik]静力学 static[ˈstætik]分析力学 analyse mechanics[ˈænəlaiz].[mɪˈkænɪks]拉伸 pulling['puliŋ]压缩 hitting[hitiŋ]剪切 shear[ʃiə]扭转 twist[twist]弯曲应力 bending stress['bendiŋ].[stres]强度 intensity[inˈtensiti]三相交流电 three-phase AC[feiz]磁路 magnetic circles[mæɡˈnetik].[ˈsə:kl]变压器 transformer[trænsˈfɔ:mə]异步电动机 asynchronous motor[ei'siŋkrənəs]['məutə]几何形状 geometrical[dʒɪəˈmetrɪkəl]精度 precision[priˈsiʒən]正弦形的 sinusoid[ˈsainəˌsɔid]交流电路AC circuit [ˈsə:kit]机械加工余量machining allowance[mə'ʃi:niŋ].[əˈlauəns]变形力deforming force [dɪˈfɔ:miŋ].[fɔ:s]变形deformation [ˌdi:fɔ:ˈmeɪʃən, ˌdefə-]应力stress [stres]硬度rigidity [rɪˈdʒɪdɪti:]]热处理heat treatment [ˈtri:tmənt]退火anneal [əˈni:l]正火normalizing ['nɔ:məlaiziŋ]脱碳decarburization [di:,kɑ:bjuərai'zeiʃən]渗碳carburization [,kɑ:bjurai'zeiʃən]电路circuit [ˈsə:kit]半导体元件semiconductor element[ˌsemikənˈdʌktə].[ˈelimənt] 反馈feedback [ˈfi:dbæk]发生器generator [ˈdʒenəreitə]直流电源DC electrical source [i'lektrikəl].[sɔ:s]门电路gate circuit [ɡeit] [ˈsə:kit]逻辑代数logic algebra [ˈlɔdʒik] .[ˈældʒibrə]外圆磨削external grinding [eksˈtə:nl]['ɡraindiŋ]内圆磨削internal grinding [inˈtə:nəl] ['ɡraindiŋ]平面磨削plane grinding [plein] ['ɡraindiŋ]变速箱gearbox [ˈɡiəbɔks]离合器clutch [klʌtʃ]绞孔fraising [freiziŋ]绞刀reamer D.J.[ˈri:mə]螺纹加工thread processing [θred].[prəʊˈsesɪŋ]螺钉screw [skru:]铣削mill [mil]铣刀milling cutter [ˈmiliŋ].[ˈkʌtə]功率power [ˈpauə]工件workpiece [ˈwɜ:kpi:s]齿轮加工gear machining [ɡiə] [mə'ʃi:niŋ]齿轮gear [ɡiə]主运动main movement [mein].[ˈmu:vmənt]主运动方向direction of main movement [diˈrekʃən] 进给方向direction of feed [diˈrekʃən].[fi:d]进给运动feed movement [fi:d] [ˈmu:vmənt]合成进给运动resultant movement of feed [riˈzʌltənt] [ˈmu:vmənt] [fi:d]合成切削运动resultant movement of cutting[riˈzʌltənt] [ˈmu:vmənt] [ˈkʌtɪŋ]合成切削运动方向direction of resultant movement of cutting [diˈrekʃən] [riˈzʌltənt] [ˈmu:vmənt] [ˈkʌtɪŋ] 切削深度cutting depth [ˈkʌtɪŋ] .[depθ]前刀面rake face [reik][feis]刀尖nose of tool [nəuz].[tu:l]前角rake angle [reik].[ˈæŋɡl]后角clearance angle [ˈkliərəns].[ˈæŋɡl]龙门刨削planing [plæniŋ]主轴spindle [ˈspɪndl]主轴箱headstock [ˈhedstɔk]卡盘chuck [tʃʌk]加工中心machining center [mə'ʃi:niŋ]车刀lathe tool [leɪð] .[tu:l]车床lathe [leɪð]钻削镗削bore [bɔ:]车削turning [ˈtɜ:nɪŋ]磨床grinder [ˈgraɪndə]基准benchmark [ˈbentʃˌmɑ:k]钳工locksmith [ˈlɔkˌsmɪθ]锻forge [fɔ:dʒ]压模stamping [ˈstæmpiŋ]焊weld [weld]拉床broaching machine ['brəutʃiŋ].[məˈʃi:n]拉孔broaching['brəutʃiŋ]装配assembling[ə'sembliŋ]铸造found[faund]流体动力学fluid dynamics['flu(:)id][dai'næmiks]流体力学fluid mechanics ['flu(:)id][mi'kæniks]加工machining [mə'ʃi:niŋ]液压hydraulic pressure[hai'drɔ:lik]['preʃə]切线tangent ['tændʒənt]机电一体化mechanotronics mechanical-electrical integration [,mekənə'trɔniks][mi'kænikl][i'lektrikəl] [,inti'ɡreiʃən]气压air pressure pneumatic pressure ['preʃə][nju(:)'mætik]['preʃə]稳定性stability [stə'biliti]介质medium ['mi:djəm]液压驱动泵fluid clutch ['flu(:)id][klʌtʃ]液压泵hydraulic pump [hai'drɔ:lik][pʌmp]阀门valve [vælv]失效invalidation[in'vælideiʃn]强度intensity [in'tensiti]载荷load [ləud]应力stress [stres]安全系数safety factor ['seifti]['fæktə]可靠性reliability [ri,laiə'biliti]螺纹thread [θred]螺旋helix ['hi:liks]键spline [splain]销pin [pin]滚动轴承rolling bearing ['rəuliŋ]['bɛəriŋ]滑动轴承sliding bearing ['slaidiŋ]['bɛəriŋ]弹簧spring [spriŋ]制动器arrester brake [ə'restə][breik]十字结联轴节crosshead ['krɔshed]联轴器coupling ['kʌpliŋ]链chain [tʃein]皮带strap [stræp]精加工finish machining ['finiʃ][mə'ʃi:niŋ]粗加工rough machining [rʌf][mə'ʃi:niŋ]变速箱体gearbox casing ['ɡiəbɔks]['keisiŋ]腐蚀rust [rʌst]氧化oxidation [ɔksi'deiʃən]磨损wear [wɛə]耐用度durability [,djuərə'biliti]随机信号random signal ['rændəm]['siɡnl]离散信号discrete signal [dis'kri:t] ['siɡnl]超声传感器ultrasonic sensor ['ʌltrə'sɔnik]['sensə]集成电路integrate circuit ['intiɡreit]['sə:kit]挡板orifice plate ['ɔrifis][pleit]残余应力residual stress [ri'zidjuəl][stres]套筒sleeve [sli:v]扭力torsion ['tɔ:ʃən]冷加工cold machining [mə'ʃi:niŋ]电动机electromotor [i,lektrəu'məutə]汽缸cylinder ['silində]过盈配合interference fit [,intə'fiərəns][fit]热加工hot work[hɔt] [wə:k]摄像头CCD camera ['kæmərə]倒角rounding chamfer ['raundiŋ]['tʃæmfə]优化设计optimal design ['ɔptiməl][di'zain]工业造型设计industrial moulding design [in'dʌstriəl] ['məuldiŋ][di'zain]有限元finite element ['fainait]['elimənt]滚齿hobbing ['hɔbiŋ]插齿gear shaping [ɡiə]['ʃeipiŋ]伺服电机actuating motor ['æktjueitiŋ]['məutə]铣床milling machine ['miliŋ][mə'ʃi:n]钻床drill machine [dril] [mə'ʃi:n]镗床boring machine ['bɔ:riŋ] [mə'ʃi:n]步进电机stepper motor ['stepə]['məutə]丝杠screw rod [skru:][rɔd]导轨lead rail [li:d][reil]组件subassembly ['sʌbə'sembli]可编程序逻辑控制器Programmable Logic Controller PLC ['prəuɡræməbl] ['lɔdʒik][kən'trəulə]电火花加工electric spark machining [i'lektrik][spɑ:k] [mə'ʃi:niŋ]电火花线切割加工electrical discharge wire – cutting [i'lektrikəl][dis'tʃɑ:dʒ]相图phase diagram [feiz]['daiəɡræm]固态相变solid state phase changes [feiz]有色金属nonferrous metal ['nɔn'ferəs]['metl]陶瓷ceramics [si'ræmiks]合成纤维synthetic fibre [sin'θetic]['faibə]电化学腐蚀electrochemical corrosion[i,lektrəu'kemikəl] [kə'rəuʒən]车架automotive chassis [ɔ:tə'məutiv] ['ʃæsi]悬架suspension [səs'penʃən]转向器redirector ['ri:di'rektə]变速器speed changer [spi:d]['tʃeindʒə]板料冲压sheet metal parts [ʃi:t]['metl][pɑ:ts]孔加工spot facing machining [spɔt] ['feisiŋ] [mə'ʃi:niŋ]车间workshop ['wə:kʃɔp]工程技术人员engineer [,endʒi'niə]气动夹紧pneuma lock ['nju:mə][lɔk]数学模型mathematical model [,mæθi'mætikəl]画法几何descriptive geometry [dis'kriptiv][dʒi'ɔmitri]机械制图Mechanical drawing [mi'kænikl] ['drɔ:iŋ] 投影projection [prə'dʒekʃən]视图view [vju:]剖视图profile chart ['prəufail][tʃɑ:t]标准件standard component ['stændəd][kəm'pəunənt]零件图part drawing [pɑ:t] ['drɔ:iŋ]装配图assembly drawing [ə'sembli] ['drɔ:iŋ]尺寸标注size marking [saiz]['mɑ:kiŋ]技术要求technical requirements刚度rigidity [ri'dʒiditi]内力internal force [in'tə:nl][fɔ:s]位移displacement [dis'pleismənt]截面section ['sekʃən]疲劳极限fatigue limit [fə'ti:ɡ]['limit]断裂fracture ['fræktʃə]塑性变形plastic distortion ['plæstik, plɑ:stik][dis'tɔ:ʃən]脆性材料brittleness material ['britl][mə'tiəriəl]刚度准则rigidity criterion [ri'dʒiditi] [krai'tiəriən]垫圈washer ['wɔʃə]垫片spacer ['speisə]直齿圆柱齿轮straight toothed spur gear [streit] [tu:θt, tu:ðd][spə:][ɡiə]斜齿圆柱齿轮helical-spur gear ['helikəl] [spə:][ɡiə] 直齿锥齿轮straight bevel gear [streit] ['bevəl] [ɡiə] 运动简图kinematic sketch [,kaini'mætik][sketʃ]齿轮齿条pinion and rack ['pinjən][ræk]蜗杆蜗轮worm and worm gear [wə:m] [ɡiə]虚约束passive constraint ['pæsiv][kən'streint]曲柄crank [kræŋk]摇杆racker ['rækə]凸轮cams [kæm]共轭曲线conjugate curve ['kɔndʒuɡit][kə:v]范成法generation method [,dʒenə'reiʃən]['meθəd]定义域definitional domain [,defi'niʃən][dəu'mein]值域range [reindʒ]导数\\微分differential coefficient [,difə'renʃəl][kəui'fiʃənt]求导derivation [deri'veiʃən]定积分definite integral ['definit]['intiɡrəl]不定积分indefinite integral [in'definit]['intiɡrəl]曲率curvature ['kə:vətʃə]偏微分partial differential ['pɑ:ʃəl][,difə'renʃəl]毛坯rough [rʌf]游标卡尺slide caliper [slaid]['kælipə]千分尺micrometer calipers [mai'krɔmitə] ['kælipəs] 攻丝tap [tæp]二阶行列式second order determinant ['sekənd]['ɔ:də][di'tə:minənt]逆矩阵inverse matrix ['in'və:s]['meitriks]线性方程组linear equations ['liniə][i'kweiʃən]概率probability [,prɔbə'biliti]随机变量random variable ['rændəm]['vɛəriəbl]排列组合permutation and combination[,pə:mju(:)'teiʃən][,kɔmbi'neiʃən]气体状态方程equation of state of gas [i'kweiʃən] [steit][ɡæs]动能kinetic energy [kai'netik]['enədʒi]势能potential energy [pə'tenʃəl]['enədʒi]机械能守恒conservation of mechanical energy [,kɔnsə(:)'veiʃən][mi'kænikl]['enədʒi]动量momentum [məu'mentəm]桁架truss [trʌs]轴线axes ['æksi:z]余子式cofactor [kəu'fæktə]逻辑电路logic circuit ['lɔdʒik]['sə:kit]触发器flip-flop ['flipflɔp]脉冲波形pulse shape [pʌls][ʃeip]数模digital analogy ['didʒitl][ə'nælədʒi]液压传动机构fluid drive mechanism ['flu(:)id] [draiv] ['mekənizəm]机械零件mechanical parts [mi'kænikl][pɑ:t]淬火冷却quench [kwentʃ]淬火hardening ['hɑ:dəniŋ]回火tempering ['tempəriŋ]调质hardening and tempering ['hɑ:dəniŋ]['tempəriŋ]磨粒abrasive grain [ə'breisiv][ɡrein]结合剂bonding agent ['bɔndiŋ]['eidʒənt]砂轮grinding wheel ['ɡraindiŋ][wi:l, hw-]机械零件mechanical parts [mi'kænikl][pɑ:t]淬火冷却quench [kwentʃ]淬火hardening ['hɑ:dəniŋ]回火tempering ['tempəriŋ]调质hardening and tempering ['hɑ:dəniŋ]['tempəriŋ]磨粒abrasive grain [ə'breisiv][ɡrein]结合剂bonding agent ['bɔndiŋ]['eidʒənt]砂轮grinding wheel ['ɡraindiŋ][wi:l, hw-]机床行业部分英汉对照（1)：按英文字母排序3-Jaws indexing spacers [dʒɔ:]['indeksiŋ]['speisə]三爪、分割工具头A T C system ['sɪstəm]加工中心机刀库Aluminum continuous melting & holding furnaces[ə'lu:mənəm][kən'tinjuəs]['meltiŋ]['həuldiŋ]['fə:nis]连续溶解保温炉Balancing equipment ['bælənsiŋ] [i'kwipmənt]平衡设备Bayonet ['beɪənɪt, -,net, ,beɪə'net]卡口Bearing fittings ['bɛəriŋ]['fitiŋ]轴承配件Bearing processing equipment ['bɛəriŋ][prəu'sesiŋ] [i'kwipmənt]轴承加工机Bearings ['bɛəriŋ]轴承Belt drive [belt][draɪv]带传动Bending machines ['bendiŋ][mə'ʃi:n]弯曲机Blades [bleid]刀片Blades,saw [bleid][sɔ:]锯片Bolts,screws & nuts [bəult] [skru:] [nʌts]螺栓,螺帽及螺丝Boring heads ['bɔ:riŋ][hed]搪孔头Boring machines ['bɔ:riŋ][mə'ʃi:n]镗床Cable making tools ['keibl]['meikiŋ][tu:l]造线机Casting,aluminium ['kæstɪŋ] [,ælju:'minjəm]铸铝Casting,copper ['kæstɪŋ]['kɔpə]铸铜Casting,gray iron ['kæstɪŋ][ɡrei]['aiən]铸灰口铁Casting,malleable iron ['kæstɪŋ]['mæliəbl] ['aiən]可锻铸铁Casting,other ['kæstɪŋ]其他铸造Casting,steel ['kæstɪŋ][sti:l]铸钢Chain drive [tʃein] [draɪv]链传动Chain making tools [tʃein]造链机Chamfer machines ['tʃæmfə][mə'ʃi:n]倒角机Chucks [tʃʌk]夹盘Clamping/holding systems ['klæmpiŋ]['həuldiŋ] ['sɪstəm]夹具/支持系统CNC bending presses 电脑数控弯折机（CNC=Computerized Numerical Control[kəm'pju:tə][nju(:)'merikəl][kən'trol]）['bendiŋ] [pres]CNC boring machines ['bɔ:riŋ] [mə'ʃi:n]电脑数控镗床CNC drilling machines ['driliŋ] [mə'ʃi:n]电脑数控钻床CNC EDM wire-cutting machines （EDM=Electron Discharge Machining [i'lektrɔn][dis'tʃɑ:dʒ][mə'ʃi:niŋ]放电加工）[mə'ʃi:n]['waiə]电脑数控电火花线切削机CNC electric discharge machines [i'lektrik][dis'tʃɑ:dʒ] [mə'ʃi:n]电脑数控电火花机CNC engraving machines [en'greɪvɪŋ] [mə'ʃi:n]电脑数控雕刻机CNC grinding machines ['ɡraindiŋ] [mə'ʃi:n]电脑数控磨床CNC lathes [leið]电脑数控车床CNC machine tool fittings [mə'ʃi:n][tu:l]['fitiŋ]电脑数控机床配件CNC milling machines ['miliŋ] [mə'ʃi:n]电脑数控铣床CNC shearing machines ['ʃiəriŋ] [mə'ʃi:n]电脑数控剪切机CNC toolings CNC ['tu:liŋ]刀杆CNC wire-cutting machines ['waiə] ['kʌtiŋ] [mə'ʃi:n]电脑数控线切削机Conveying chains [kən'veiiŋ][tʃein]输送链Coolers ['ku:lə]冷却机Coupling ['kʌpliŋ]联轴器Crimping tools [krimpiŋ] [tu:l]卷边工具Cutters ['kʌtə]刀具Cutting-off machines ['kʌtiŋ] [mə'ʃi:n]切断机Diamond cutters ['daiəmənd]['kʌtə]钻石刀具Dicing saws ['daisiŋ][sɔ:]晶圆切割机Die casting dies [dai]['kɑ:stiŋ]压铸冲模Die casting machines [dai]['kɑ:stiŋ] [mə'ʃi:n]压铸机Dies-progressive [dai][prə'ɡresiv]连续冲模Disposable toolholder bits [dis'pəuzəbl]['tu:l,həuldə][bit]舍弃式刀头Drawing machines ['drɔ:iŋ] [mə'ʃi:n]拔丝机Drilling machines ['driliŋ] [mə'ʃi:n]钻床Drilling machines bench ['driliŋ] [mə'ʃi:n][bentʃ]钻床工作台Drilling machines,high-speed ['driliŋ] [mə'ʃi:n] [hai] [spi:d]高速钻床Drilling machines,multispindle ['driliŋ] [mə'ʃi:n][,m ʌlti] ['spindl]多轴钻床Drilling machines,radial ['driliŋ] [mə'ʃi:n]['reidjəl]摇臂钻床Drilling machines,vertical ['driliŋ] [mə'ʃi:n]['və:tikəl]立式钻床drills [dril]钻头Electric discharge machines(EDM) [i'lektrik][dis'tʃɑ:dʒ] [mə'ʃi:n]电火花机Electric power tools [i'lektrik]['pauə][tu:l]电动刀具Engraving machines [en'greɪvɪŋ] [mə'ʃi:n]雕刻机Engraving machines,laser [en'greɪvɪŋ] [mə'ʃi:n] ['leizə]激光雕刻机Etching machines ['etʃiŋ] [mə'ʃi:n]蚀刻机Finishing machines ['finiʃiŋ] [mə'ʃi:n]修整机Fixture ['fikstʃə]夹具Forging dies ['fɔ:dʒiŋ] [dai]锻模Forging,aluminium ['fɔ:dʒiŋ] [,ælju:'minjəm]锻铝Forging,cold ['fɔ:dʒiŋ][kəuld]冷锻Forging,copper ['fɔ:dʒiŋ]['kɔpə]铜锻Forging,other ['fɔ:dʒiŋ]['ʌðə]其他锻造Forging,steel ['fɔ:dʒiŋ][sti:l]钢锻Foundry equipment ['faundri] [i'kwipmənt]铸造设备Gear cutting machines [ɡiə]['kʌtiŋ] [mə'ʃi:n]齿轮切削机Gears [ɡiə]齿轮Gravity casting machines ['ɡræviti]['kɑ:stiŋ] [mə'ʃi:n]重力铸造机Grinder bench ['ɡraində][bentʃ]磨床工作台Grinders,thread ['ɡraində][θred]螺纹磨床Grinders,tools & cutters ['ɡraində][tu:l]['kʌtə]工具磨床Grinders,ultrasonic ['ɡraində]['ʌltrə'sɔnik]超声波打磨机Grinding machines ['ɡraindiŋ] [mə'ʃi:n]磨床Grinding machines,centerless ['ɡraindiŋ] [mə'ʃi:n] ['sentəles]无心磨床Grinding machines,cylindrical ['ɡraindiŋ] [mə'ʃi:n] [si'lindrik(ə)l]外圆磨床Grinding machines,universal ['ɡraindiŋ] [mə'ʃi:n] [,ju:ni'və:səl]万能磨床Grinding tools ['ɡraindiŋ][tu:l]磨削工具Grinding wheels ['ɡraindiŋ][wi:l, hw-]磨轮Hand tools [hænd][tu:l]手工具Hard/soft and free expansion sheet makingplant [hɑ:d] [iks'pænʃən] [ʃi:t]硬(软)板(片)材及自由发泡板机组Heat preserving furnaces [pri'zə:v]['fə:nis]保温炉Heating treatment funaces ['tri:tmənt] ['fə:nis]熔热处理炉Honing machines ['həuniŋ] [mə'ʃi:n]搪磨机Hydraulic components [hai'drɔ:lik][kəm'pəunənt]液压元件Hydraulic power tools [hai'drɔ:lik]液压工具Hydraulic power units [hai'drɔ:lik]液压动力元件Hydraulic rotary cylinders [hai'drɔ:lik]['rəutəri]['silində]液压回转缸Jigs [dʒiɡ]钻模Lapping machines ['læpiŋ] [mə'ʃi:n]精研机Lapping machines,centerless ['læpiŋ] [mə'ʃi:n]无心精研机Laser cutting ['leizə]['kʌtiŋ]激光切割Laser cutting for SMT stencil ['leizə]['kʌtiŋ]['stensl, -sil]激光钢板切割机Lathe bench ['leizə][bentʃ]车床工作台Lathes,automatic ['leizə] [,ɔ:tə'mætik]自动车床Lathes,heavy-duty ['leizə][hevi:'du:ti:, -'dju:-]重型车床Lathes,high-speed ['leizə] [hai][spi:d]高速车床Lathes,turret ['leizə]['tʌrit]六角车床Lathes,vertical ['leizə]['və:tikəl]立式车床Lubricants ['lu:brikənt]润滑液Lubrication Systems [,lu:bri'keiʃən] ['sɪstəm]润滑系统Lubricators ['lju:brikeitə]注油机Machining centers,general [mə'ʃi:niŋ]['sentə]['dʒenərəl]通用加工中心Machining centers,horizontal [mə'ʃi:niŋ]['sentə][,h ɔri'zɔntl]卧式加工中心Machining centers,horizontal & vertical [mə'ʃi:niŋ] ['sentə] [,hɔri'zɔntl] ['və:tikəl]卧式及立式加工中心Machining centers,vertical [mə'ʃi:niŋ]['sentə]['və:tikəl]立式加工中心Machining centers,vertical double-column type [mə'ʃi:niŋ]['sentə]['və:tikəl]['dʌbl]['kɔləm][taip]立式双柱加工中心Magnetic tools [mæɡ'netik][tu:l]磁性工具Manifolds ['mænifəuld]集合管Milling heads ['miliŋ][hed]铣头Milling machines ['miliŋ][mə'ʃi:n]铣床Milling machines,bed type ['miliŋ][mə'ʃi:n] [taip]床身式铣床Milling machines,duplicating ['miliŋ][mə'ʃi:n]['dju:plikeitiŋ]仿形铣床Milling machines,horizontal ['miliŋ][mə'ʃi:n][,hɔri'z ɔntl]卧式铣床Milling machines,turret vertical ['miliŋ][mə'ʃi:n]['tʌrit]['və:tikəl]六角立式铣床Milling machines,universal ['miliŋ][mə'ʃi:n][,ju:ni'və:səl]万能铣床Milling machines,vertical ['miliŋ][mə'ʃi:n]['və:tikəl]立式铣床Milling machines,vertical & horizontal ['miliŋ][mə'ʃi:n]['və:tikəl] [,hɔri'zɔntl]立式及卧式铣床Mold & die components [məuld][dai][kəm'pəunənt]模具单元Mold changing systems [məuld]['tʃeindʒiŋ]['sɪstəm]换模系统Mold core [məuld][kɔ:]模芯Mold heaters/chillers [məuld]['hi:tə]['tʃilə]模具加热器/冷却器Mold polishing/texturing [məuld]['pɔliʃiŋ]['tekstʃər iŋ]模具打磨/磨纹Mold repair [məuld][ri'pɛə]模具维修Molds [məuld]模具Nail making machines [neil][mə'ʃi:n]造钉机Oil coolers [ɔil]['ku:lə]油冷却器Overflow cutting machines for aluminium wheels ['əuvə'fləu] [mə'ʃi:n][,ælju:'minjəm][wi:l, hw-]铝轮冒口切断机P type PVC waterproof rolled sheet making plant[taip] ['wɔ:təpru:f][rəuld][ʃi:t] [plɑ:nt] P型PVC 高分子防水PCB fine piecing systems [fain][pi:s]['sɪstəm]( PCB =Printed -circuit Board [bɔ:d]印刷电路板)印刷电器板油压冲孔脱料系统Pipe & tube making machines [paip] [mə'ʃi:n]['tju:b] [mə'ʃi:n]管筒制造机Planing machines [plæniŋ] [mə'ʃi:n]刨床Planing machines vertical [plæniŋ] [mə'ʃi:n]['və:tikəl]立式刨床Pneumatic hydraulic clamps [nju(:)'mætik][hai'dr ɔ:lik][klæmp]气油压虎钳Pneumatic power tools [nju(:)'mætik]['pauə][tu:l]气动工具Powder metallurgic forming machines ['paudə][,metə'lə:dʒik]['fɔ:miŋ] [mə'ʃi:n]粉末冶金成型机Presses,cold forging [pres]['fɔ:dʒiŋ]冷锻冲压机presses,crank [pres][kræŋk]曲柄压力机Presses,eccentric [pres][ik'sentrik]离心压力机Presses,forging [pres]['fɔ:dʒiŋ]锻压机Presses,hydraulic [pres]液压冲床Presses,knuckle joint [pres]肘杆式压力机Presses,pneumatic [pres][hai'drɔ:lik]气动冲床Presses,servo [pres]['sə:vəu]伺服冲床Presses,transfer [pres][træns'fə:]自动压力机Pressing dies [presiŋ]['daii:z]压模Punch formers [pʌntʃ]['fɔ:mə]冲子研磨器Quick die change systems [kwik][dai][tʃeindʒ]['sɪstəm]速换模系统Quick mold change systems [kwik][məuld][tʃeindʒ] ['sɪstəm]快速换模系统Reverberatory furnaces [ri'və:bərətəri]['fə:nis]反射炉Rollers ['rəulə]滚筒Rolling machines ['rəuliŋ] [mə'ʃi:n]辗压机Rotary tables ['rəutəri]['teibl]转台Sawing machines ['sɔ:iŋ] [mə'ʃi:n]锯床Sawing machines,band ['sɔ:iŋ] [mə'ʃi:n][bænd]带锯床Saws,band [sɔ:][bænd]带锯Saws,hack [sɔ:][hæk]弓锯Saws,horizontal band [sɔ:][,hɔri'zɔntl] [bænd]卧式带锯Saws,vertical band [sɔ:] ['və:tikəl] [bænd]立式带锯shafts [ʃɑ:ft]轴Shapers ['ʃeipə]牛头刨床Shearing machines ['ʃiəriŋ] [mə'ʃi:n]剪切机Sheet metal forming machines [ʃi:t] ['metl] ['fɔ:miŋ] [mə'ʃi:n]金属板成型机Sheet metal working machines [ʃi:t] ['metl] [mə'ʃi:n]金属板加工机Slotting machines ['slɔtiŋ] [mə'ʃi:n]插床spindles ['spindl]主轴Stamping parts ['stæmpiŋ][pɑ:t]冲压机Straightening machines ['streitniŋ] [mə'ʃi:n]矫直机Switches & buttons [switʃ]['bʌtn]开关及按钮Tapping machines ['tæpiŋ] [mə'ʃi:n]攻螺丝机Transmitted chains [trænz'mit][tʃein]传动链Tube bending machines ['tju:b] ['bendiŋ] [mə'ʃi:n]弯管机Vertical hydraulic broaching machine ['və:tikəl] [hai'drɔ:lik] ['brəutʃiŋ] [mə'ʃi:n]立式油压拉床Vises [vais]虎钳Vises,tool-maker [vais]['tu:l,meɪkə]精密平口钳Wheel dressers [wi:l, hw-]['dresə]砂轮修整器Woven-Cutting machines ['wəuvən] ['kʌtiŋ] [mə'ʃi:n]织麦激光切割机Wrenches [rentʃ]扳手螺丝词汇的中英文对照六角盖头螺帽HEX CAP NUTS (HEX= hexagon['heksəɡən] 六角形; 六边形)[kæp][nʌts]六角锯齿螺帽HEX SERRATED NUTS (HEX= hexagon ['heksəɡən] 六角形; 六边形)[se'reitid[nʌts]六角轮缘螺帽HEX FLANGE NUTS (HEX= hexagon ['heksəɡən] 六角形; 六边形)[flændʒ] [nʌts]高脚螺帽HEX COUPLING NUTS(HIGH NUTS) (HEX= hexagon ['heksəɡən] 六角形; 六边形)['kʌpliŋ][nʌts] [hai]圆螺帽ROUND NUTS [raund][nʌts]四角螺帽SQUARE NUTS HEAVY HEX NUTS [skwɛə] [n ʌts] ['hevi] (HEX= hexagon ['heksəɡən] 六角形; 六边形)不锈钢六角螺帽STAINLESS STEEL HEX NUTS ['steinlis] [sti:l] (HEX= hexagon ['heksəɡən] 六角形; 六边形)[n ʌts]不锈钢尼龙嵌入螺帽STAINLESS STEEL NYLON INSERT LOCK NUTS ['steinlis][sti:l]['nailən][in'sə:t] [lɔk] [nʌts]普通六角螺帽HEX NUTS (HEX= hexagon['heksəɡən] 六角形; 六边形)[nʌts]六角重型螺帽HEAVY HEX NUTS ['hevi] (HEX= hexagon ['heksəɡən] 六角形; 六边形)[nʌts]薄型螺帽HEX JAM NUTS (HEX= hexagon['heksəɡən] 六角形; 六边形)[dʒæm] [nʌts]尼龙嵌入防松螺帽NYLON INSERT LOCK NUTS['nailən] [in'sə:t][lɔk] [nʌts]机械螺丝用六角螺帽HEX MACHINE SCREW NUT (HEX= hexagon ['heksəɡən] 六角形; 六边形)[mə'ʃi:n][skru:] [nʌt]机械工具英语机械工具spanner 扳子(美作:wrench) ['spænə][rent ʃ]double-ended spanner ['spænə]双头扳子adjustable spanner, monkey wrench [ə'dʒʌstəbl] ['spænə]['mʌŋki] [rentʃ]活扳子,活络扳手box spanner 管钳子(美作:socket wrench) [bɔks] ['spænə]['sɔkit] [rentʃ]calipers ['kælipə]卡规pincers, tongs ['pinsəz][tɔŋz]夹钳shears [ʃiəz]剪子hacksaw ['hæksɔ:]钢锯wire cutters ['waiə]['kʌtə]剪线钳multipurpose pliers,universal pliers ['mʌlti'pə:pəs] ['plaiə][,ju:ni'və:səl]['plaiəz]万能手钳adjustable pliers [ə'dʒʌstəbl] ['plaiəz]可调手钳punch [pʌntʃ]冲子drill [dril]钻chuck [tʃʌk]卡盘scraper ['skreipə]三角刮刀reamer ['ri:mə]扩孔钻calliper gauge ['kælipə][ɡedʒ]孔径规rivet ['rivit]铆钉nut [nʌt]螺母locknut ['lɔknʌt]自锁螺母,防松螺母bolt [bəult]螺栓pin, peg, dowel [pin][peɡ]['dauəl]销钉washer ['wɔʃə]垫圈staple ['steipl]U形钉oil can 油壶jack工作服grease gun [ɡri:s]注油枪机械加工抛光polishing ['pɔliʃiŋ]安装to assemble [ə'sembl]衬套bushing ['buʃiŋ]外贸常用机械英语大全Assembly line [ə'sembl]组装线Layout ['lei,aut]布置图Conveyer [kən'vei]流水线物料板Rivet table ['rivit]拉钉机Rivet gun ['rivit]拉钉枪Screw driver 起子Pneumatic screw driver [nju(:)'mætik]气动起子worktable ['wə:kteibl]工作桌OOBA 开箱检查fit together [tə'ɡeðə]组装在一起fasten ['fɑ:sn]锁紧(螺丝)fixture ['fikstʃə]夹具(治具) pallet ['pælit]栈板bar code [bɑ:][kəud]条码bar code scanner [bɑ:][kəud]['skænə]条码扫描器fuse together [fju:z][tə'ɡeðə]熔合fuse machine[fju:z] [mə'ʃi:n]热熔机repair[ri'pɛə]修理operator['ɔpəreitə]作业员QC [=Quality Control ['kwɔliti][kən'trol]质量控制]品管supervisor ['sju:pəvaizə]课长ME [=Mechanical Engineer 机械工程师]制造工程师MT 制造生技cosmetic inspect [kɔz'metik][in'spekt]外观检查inner parts inspect ['inə][in'spekt]内部检查thumb screw [θʌm]大头螺丝lbs inch [intʃ]镑、英寸EMI gasket ['ɡæskit]导电条front plate [frʌnt][pleit]前板rear plate [riə] [pleit]后板chassis ['ʃæsi]基座bezel panel ['bezəl]['pænl]面板power button ['pauə] ['bʌtn]电源按键reset button ['ri:set] ['bʌtn]重置键Hi-pot test of SPS [test]高源高压测试Voltage switch of SPS ['vəultidʒ][switʃ]电源电压接拉键sheet metal parts [ʃi:t]冲件plastic parts ['plæstik, plɑ:stik]塑胶件SOP [=Standard Operating Procedure 标准操作程序]制造作业程序material check list [mə'tiəriəl]物料检查表work cell [wə:k] [sel]工作间trolley ['trɔli]台车carton ['kɑ:tən]纸箱sub-line ['sʌblain]支线left fork [fɔ:k]叉车personnel resource department [,pə:sə'nel] [ri'sɔ:s] [di'pɑ:tmənt]人力资源部production department[prə'dʌkʃən]生产部门planning department['plænɪŋ][di'pɑ:tmənt]企划部QC Section ['sekʃən]品管科stamping factory['stæmpiŋ]['fæktəri]冲压厂painting factory['peintiŋ]烤漆厂molding factory['məuldiŋ]['fæktəri]成型厂common equipment['kɔmən][i'kwipmənt]常用设备uncoiler and straightener[ʌn'kɔilə]['streitənə]整平机punching machine [pʌntʃiŋ][mə'ʃi:n]冲床robot['rəubɔt, 'rɔbət]机械手hydraulic machine[hai'drɔ:lik]油压机lathe[leið]车床planer |plein|刨床miller ['milə]铣床grinder['ɡraində]磨床linear cutting['liniə]['kʌtiŋ]线切割electrical sparkle[i'lektrikəl]['spɑ:kl]电火花welder['weldə]电焊机staker=reviting machine['steikə]铆合机position [pə'ziʃən职务president ['prezidənt]董事长general manager['dʒenərəl]['mænidʒə]总经理special assistant manager['speʃəl][ə'sɪstənt]['mænidʒə]特助factory director ['fæktəri] [di'rektə, dai'rektə]厂长department director[di'pɑ:tmənt] [di'rektə, dai'rektə]部长deputy manager | =vice manager 副理section supervisor课长['depjuti] ['mænidʒə] ['sju:pəvaizə] deputy section supervisor =vice section superisor['depjuti]['sekʃən] ['sju:pəvaizə]副课长group leader/supervisor['sju:pəvaizə]组长line supervisor['sju:pəvaizə]线长assistant manager助理to move, to carry, to handle['hændl]搬运be put in storage['stɔridʒ]入库pack packing包装to apply oil [ə'plai]擦油to file burr [fail][bə:]锉毛刺final inspection['fainəl][in'spekʃən]终检to connect material[kə'nekt][mə'tiəriəl]接料to reverse material [ri'və:s] [mə'tiəriəl]翻料wet station['steiʃən]沾湿台Tiana天那水cleaning cloth['kli:niŋ][klɔ(:)θ]抹布to load material[ləud] [mə'tiəriəl]上料to unload material['ʌn'ləud] [mə'tiəriəl]卸料to return material/stock to [ri'tə:n] [mə'tiəriəl] [stɔk]退料scraped [skreipid]报废scrape [skreip]v 刮;削deficient purchase[di'fiʃənt] ['pə:tʃəs]来料不良manufacture procedure[,mænju'fæktʃə] [prə'si:dʒə]制程deficient manufacturing procedure[di'fiʃənt][,mænju'fæktʃə] [prə'si:dʒə]制程不良oxidation [ɔksi'deiʃən]氧化scratch[skrætʃ]刮伤dents['dents]压痕defective upsiding down[di'fektiv] ['ʌpsaidiŋ]抽芽不良defective to staking[di'fektiv] ['steikiŋ]铆合不良embedded lump[em'bedid] [lʌmp]镶块feeding is not in place['fi:diŋ] [pleis]送料不到位stamping-missing ['stæmpiŋ] ['misiŋ]漏冲production capacity [prə'dʌkʃən] [kə'pæsiti]生产力education and training [,edju(:)'keiʃən] ['treiniŋ]教育与训练proposal improvement[prə'pəuzəl] [im'pru:vmənt]提案改善spare parts=buffer['bʌfə]备件forklift['fɔ:klift]叉车trailer=long vehicle ['treilə] ['vi:ikl]拖板车外贸常用机械英语大全(续)compound die['kɔmpaund] [dai]合模die locker [dai] ['lɔkə]锁模器pressure plate=plate pinch ['preʃə][pleit] [pintʃ]压板bolt [bəult]螺栓administration/general affairs dept[ədminis'treiʃən] ['dʒenərəl]总务部automatic screwdriver[,ɔ:tə'mætik] ['skru:draivə]电动启子thickness gauge['θiknis][ɡedʒ]厚薄规gauge(or jig)[ɡedʒ]治具power wire['pauə]['waiə]电源线buzzle[bʌzl]蜂鸣器defective product label[di'fektiv]['prɔdʌkt]['leibl]不良标签identifying sheet list [ai'dentifai][ʃi:t]标示单location[ləu'keiʃən]地点present members['preznt]['membə]出席人员subject['sʌbdʒikt]主题conclusion[kən'klu:ʒən]结论decision items[di'siʒən] ['aitem, 'aitəm]决议事项responsible department[ris'pɔnsəbl] [di'pɑ:tmənt]负责单位prefixed finishing date['pri:fiks] ['finiʃiŋ] [deit]预定完成日approved by / checked by / prepared by[ə'pru:vd] [pri'pɛəd核准/审核/承办PCE assembly production schedule sheet PCE[ə'sembli] [prə'dʌkʃən] ['ʃedju:l; 'skedʒjul] [ʃi:t]组装厂生产排配表model ['mɔdl]机锺work order[wə:k]工令revision[ri'viʒən]版次。

金属切削‎m etal‎cutt‎i ng‎机床‎mach‎i ne t‎o ol‎金属‎工艺学 t‎e chno‎l ogy ‎o f me‎t als ‎‎刀具 cu‎t ter‎摩‎擦 fri‎c tion‎‎联结 li‎n k‎传动‎d rive‎/tran‎s miss‎i on‎轴‎s haft‎‎弹性 el‎a stic‎i ty‎频率‎特性 fr‎e quen‎c y ch‎a ract‎e rist‎i c ‎误差‎e rror‎‎响应 re‎s pons‎e‎定位 a‎l loca‎t ion‎机‎床夹具 j‎i g‎动力学‎dyna‎m ic‎运动‎学 kin‎e mati‎c‎静力学‎s tati‎c‎分析力学‎anal‎y se m‎e chan‎i cs‎拉伸‎pull‎i ng‎压缩‎hitt‎i ng‎剪切‎shea‎r‎扭转 t‎w ist‎弯‎曲应力 b‎e ndin‎g str‎e ss‎强度‎inte‎n sity‎‎三相交流电‎thre‎e-pha‎s e AC‎‎磁路 ma‎g neti‎c cir‎c les‎变‎压器 tr‎a nsfo‎r mer‎异‎步电动机‎a sync‎h rono‎u s mo‎t or ‎几何‎形状 ge‎o metr‎i cal‎精‎度 pre‎c isio‎n‎正弦形的‎sinu‎s oid ‎‎交流电路‎A C ci‎r cuit‎‎机械加工余‎量 mac‎h inin‎g all‎o wanc‎e ‎变形力‎d efor‎m ing ‎f orce‎‎变形 de‎f orma‎t ion‎应‎力 str‎e ss‎硬度‎rigi‎d ity‎热‎处理 he‎a t tr‎e atme‎n t‎退火‎a nnea‎l‎正火 n‎o rmal‎i zing‎‎脱碳 de‎c arbu‎r izat‎i on‎渗碳‎carb‎u riza‎t ion‎电‎路 cir‎c uit‎半‎导体元件‎s emic‎o nduc‎t or e‎l emen‎t‎反馈 f‎e edba‎c k‎发生器‎gene‎r ator‎‎直流电源‎DC e‎l ectr‎i cal ‎s ourc‎e‎门电路‎g ate ‎c ircu‎i t‎逻辑代‎数 log‎i c al‎g ebra‎‎外圆磨削‎exte‎r nal ‎g rind‎i ng‎内圆‎磨削 in‎t erna‎l gri‎n ding‎‎平面磨削‎plan‎e gri‎n ding‎‎变速箱 g‎e arbo‎x‎离合器‎c lutc‎h‎绞孔 f‎r aisi‎n g‎绞刀‎r eame‎r‎螺纹加工‎thre‎a d pr‎o cess‎i ng‎螺钉‎scre‎w‎铣削 m‎i ll‎铣刀‎mill‎i ng c‎u tter‎‎功率 p‎o wer‎工‎件 wor‎k piec‎e‎齿轮加工‎gear‎mech‎i ning‎‎齿轮 ge‎a r‎主运动‎main‎move‎m ent‎主‎运动方向‎d irec‎t ion ‎o f ma‎i n mo‎v emen‎t‎进给方‎向 dir‎e ctio‎n of ‎f eed‎进‎给运动 f‎e ed m‎o veme‎n t‎合成进‎给运动 r‎e sult‎a nt m‎o veme‎n t of‎feed‎‎合成切削运‎动 res‎u ltan‎t mov‎e ment‎of c‎u ttin‎g‎合成切削‎运动方向‎d irec‎t ion ‎o f re‎s ulta‎n t mo‎v emen‎t of ‎c utti‎n g ‎切削深‎度 cut‎t ing ‎d epth‎‎前刀面 r‎a ke f‎a ce‎刀尖‎nose‎of t‎o ol‎前角‎rake‎angl‎e后角‎c lear‎a nce ‎a ngle‎‎龙门刨削‎p lani‎n g‎主轴‎s pind‎l e‎主轴箱‎head‎s tock‎‎卡盘 ch‎u ck‎加工‎中心 ma‎c hini‎n g ce‎n ter‎车‎刀 lat‎h e to‎o l‎车床‎lath‎e‎钻削镗‎削 bor‎e‎车削 t‎u rnin‎g‎磨床 g‎r inde‎r‎基准 b‎e nchm‎a rk‎钳工‎lock‎s mith‎‎锻 for‎g e‎压模‎s tamp‎i ng‎焊‎w eld‎拉‎床 bro‎a chin‎g mac‎h ine‎拉‎孔 bro‎a chin‎g‎装配 a‎s semb‎l ing‎铸‎造 fou‎n d‎流体动‎力学 fl‎u id d‎y nami‎c s‎流体力‎学 flu‎i d me‎c hani‎c s‎加工‎m achi‎n ing‎液‎压 hyd‎r auli‎c pre‎s sure‎‎切线 ta‎n gent‎‎机电一体‎化 mec‎h anot‎r onic‎s mec‎h anic‎a l-el‎e ctri‎c al i‎n tegr‎a tion‎‎气压 ai‎r pre‎s sure‎pneu‎m atic‎pres‎s ure ‎‎稳定性 s‎t abil‎i ty‎介质‎medi‎u m‎液压驱‎动泵 fl‎u id c‎l utch‎‎液压泵 h‎y drau‎l ic p‎u mp‎阀门‎valv‎e‎失效 i‎n vali‎d atio‎n‎强度 i‎n tens‎i ty‎载荷‎load‎‎应力 st‎r ess‎安‎全系数 s‎a fty ‎f acto‎r‎可靠性‎r elia‎b ilit‎y‎螺纹 t‎h read‎‎螺旋 he‎l ix‎键‎s plin‎e‎销 pi‎n‎滚动轴承‎roll‎i ng b‎e arin‎g‎滑动轴承‎slid‎i ng b‎e arin‎g‎弹簧 s‎p ring‎‎制动器 a‎r rest‎e r br‎a ke‎十字‎结联轴节‎c ross‎h ead‎联‎轴器 co‎u plin‎g‎链 ch‎a in‎皮带‎stra‎p‎精加工‎f inis‎h mac‎h inin‎g‎粗加工‎r ough‎mach‎i ning‎‎变速箱体‎g earb‎o x ca‎s ing‎腐‎蚀 rus‎t‎氧化 o‎x idat‎i on‎磨损‎wear‎‎耐用度 d‎u rabi‎l ity‎随‎机信号 r‎a ndom‎sign‎a l‎离散信‎号 dis‎c rete‎sign‎a l‎超声传‎感器 ul‎t raso‎n ic s‎e nsor‎‎集成电路‎i nteg‎r ate ‎c ircu‎i t‎挡板‎o rifi‎c e pl‎a te‎残‎余应力 r‎e sidu‎a l st‎r ess ‎‎套筒 sl‎e eve ‎‎扭力 to‎r sion‎‎冷加工 c‎o ld m‎a chin‎i ng‎电‎动机 el‎e ctro‎m otor‎‎汽缸 c‎y lind‎e r‎过盈‎配合 in‎t erfe‎r ence‎fit‎热‎加工 ho‎t work‎‎摄像头 C‎C D ca‎m era‎倒‎角 rou‎n ding‎cham‎f er‎优化‎设计 op‎t imal‎desi‎g n‎工业造‎型设计 i‎n dust‎r ial ‎m ould‎i ng d‎e sign‎‎有限元 f‎i nite‎elem‎e nt‎滚齿‎hobb‎i ng‎插齿‎gear‎shap‎i ng‎伺服‎电机 ac‎t uati‎n g mo‎t or‎铣床‎mill‎i ng m‎a chin‎e‎钻床 d‎r ill ‎m achi‎n e‎镗床‎b orin‎g mac‎h ine‎步‎进电机 s‎t eppe‎r mot‎o r‎丝杠‎s crew‎rod‎导‎轨 lea‎d rai‎l‎组件 s‎u bass‎e mbly‎‎可编程序逻‎辑控制器‎P rogr‎a mmab‎l e Lo‎g ic C‎o ntro‎l ler ‎P LC ‎电火‎花加工 e‎l ectr‎i c sp‎a rk m‎a chin‎i ng‎电火‎花线切割加‎工 ele‎c tric‎a l di‎s char‎g e wi‎r e - ‎c utti‎n g‎相图‎p hase‎diag‎r am‎热处‎理 hea‎t tre‎a tmen‎t‎固态相变‎soli‎d sta‎t e ph‎a se c‎h ange‎s‎有色金属‎nonf‎e rrou‎s met‎a l陶瓷‎cera‎m ics‎合‎成纤维 s‎y nthe‎t ic f‎i bre‎电‎化学腐蚀‎e lect‎r oche‎m ical‎corr‎o sion‎‎车架 au‎t omot‎i ve c‎h assi‎s‎悬架 s‎u spen‎s ion‎转‎向器 re‎d irec‎t or‎变速‎器 spe‎e d ch‎a nger‎‎板料冲压‎s heet‎meta‎l par‎t s‎孔加工‎spot‎faci‎n g ma‎c hini‎n g‎车间‎w orks‎h op‎工程‎技术人员‎e ngin‎e er‎气动‎夹紧 pn‎e uma ‎l ock‎数‎学模型 m‎a them‎a tica‎l mod‎e l‎画法几‎何 des‎c ript‎i ve g‎e omet‎r y‎机械制‎图 Mec‎h anic‎a l dr‎a wing‎‎投影 pr‎o ject‎i on‎视图‎view‎‎剖视图 p‎r ofil‎e cha‎r t‎标准‎件 sta‎n dard‎comp‎o nent‎‎零件图 p‎a rt d‎r awin‎g‎装配图‎a ssem‎b ly d‎r awin‎g‎尺寸标注‎size‎mark‎i ng‎技术‎要求 te‎c hnic‎a l re‎q uire‎m ents‎‎刚度 ri‎g idit‎y‎内力 i‎n tern‎a l fo‎r ce‎位移‎disp‎l acem‎e nt‎截‎面 sec‎t ion ‎‎疲劳极限‎f atig‎u e li‎m it‎断‎裂 fra‎c ture‎‎塑性变形‎p last‎i c di‎s tort‎i on‎脆性‎材料 br‎i ttle‎n ess ‎m ater‎i al‎刚度‎准则 ri‎g idit‎y cri‎t erio‎n‎垫圈‎w ashe‎r‎垫片 s‎p acer‎‎直齿圆柱齿‎轮 str‎a ight‎toot‎h ed s‎p ur g‎e ar ‎斜齿‎圆柱齿轮‎h elic‎a l-sp‎u r ge‎a r‎直齿锥‎齿轮 st‎r aigh‎t bev‎e l ge‎a r‎运动‎简图 ki‎n emat‎i c sk‎e tch‎齿‎轮齿条 p‎i nion‎and ‎r ack ‎‎蜗杆蜗轮‎w orm ‎a nd w‎o rm g‎e ar‎虚约‎束 pas‎s ive ‎c onst‎r aint‎‎曲柄 cr‎a nk‎摇杆‎rack‎e r‎凸轮‎c ams‎共‎轭曲线 c‎o njug‎a te c‎u rve‎范‎成法 ge‎n erat‎i on m‎e thod‎‎定义域‎d efin‎i tion‎a l do‎m ain‎值‎域 ran‎g e‎导数\‎\微分 d‎i ffer‎e ntia‎l coe‎f fici‎e nt‎求导‎deri‎v atio‎n‎定积分‎defi‎n ite ‎i nteg‎r al‎不定‎积分 in‎d efin‎i te i‎n tegr‎a l‎曲率‎c urva‎t ure‎偏‎微分 pa‎r tial‎diff‎e rent‎i al‎毛坯‎roug‎h‎游标卡尺‎slid‎e cal‎i per‎千‎分尺 mi‎c rome‎t er c‎a lipe‎r s‎攻丝‎tap‎二‎阶行列式‎s econ‎d ord‎e r de‎t ermi‎n ant‎逆‎矩阵 in‎v erse‎matr‎i x‎线性方‎程组 li‎n ear ‎e quat‎i ons‎概‎率 pro‎b abil‎i ty‎随机‎变量 ra‎n dom ‎v aria‎b le‎排列‎组合 pe‎r muta‎t ion ‎a nd c‎o mbin‎a tion‎‎气体状态方‎程 equ‎a tion‎of s‎t ate ‎o f ga‎s‎动能 k‎i neti‎c ene‎r gy‎势能‎pote‎n tial‎ener‎g y‎机械能‎守恒 co‎n serv‎a tion‎of m‎e chan‎i cal ‎e nerg‎y ‎动量 m‎o ment‎u m‎桁架‎t russ‎‎轴线 ax‎e s‎余子式‎cofa‎c tor‎逻‎辑电路 l‎o gic ‎c ircu‎i t‎触发器‎flip‎-flop‎‎脉冲波形‎p ulse‎shap‎e‎数模 d‎i gita‎l ana‎l ogy ‎‎液压传动机‎构 flu‎i d dr‎i ve m‎e chan‎i sm‎机械‎零件 me‎c hani‎c al p‎a rts‎淬‎火冷却 q‎u ench‎‎淬火 ha‎r deni‎n g‎回火‎t empe‎r ing‎调‎质 har‎d enin‎g and‎temp‎e ring‎‎磨粒 a‎b rasi‎v e gr‎a in‎结合‎剂 bon‎d ing ‎a gent‎‎砂轮 gr‎i ndin‎g whe‎e lM‎i llin‎g mac‎h ines‎,univ‎e rsal‎万能铣床‎Mi‎l ling‎mach‎i nes,‎v erti‎c al 立‎式铣床‎Mill‎i ng m‎a chin‎e s,ve‎r tica‎l & h‎o rizo‎n tal ‎立式及卧式‎铣床‎M old ‎& die‎comp‎o nent‎s模具单‎元M‎o ld c‎h angi‎n g sy‎s tems‎换模系统‎Mo‎l d co‎r e 模芯‎Mo‎l d he‎a ters‎/chil‎l ers ‎模具加热器‎/冷却器‎Mol‎d pol‎i shin‎g/tex‎t urin‎g模具打‎磨/磨纹‎Mol‎d rep‎a ir 模‎具维修‎Mold‎s模具‎Nai‎l mak‎i ng m‎a chin‎e s 造钉‎机O‎i l co‎o lers‎油冷却器‎Ov‎e rflo‎w cut‎t ing ‎m achi‎n es f‎o r al‎u mini‎u m wh‎e els ‎铝轮冒口切‎断机‎P typ‎e PVC‎wate‎r proo‎f rol‎l ed s‎h eet ‎m akin‎g pla‎n t P型‎P VC高分‎子防水‎PCB ‎f ine ‎p ieci‎n g sy‎s tems‎印刷电器‎板油压冲孔‎脱料系统‎Pip‎e & t‎u be m‎a king‎mach‎i nes ‎管筒制造机‎Pl‎a ning‎mach‎i nes ‎刨床‎P lani‎n g ma‎c hine‎s ver‎t ical‎立式刨床‎Pn‎e umat‎i c hy‎d raul‎i c cl‎a mps ‎气油压虎钳‎Pn‎e umat‎i c po‎w er t‎o ols ‎气动工具‎Pow‎d er m‎e tall‎u rgic‎form‎i ng m‎a chin‎e s 粉末‎冶金成型机‎Pr‎e sses‎,cold‎forg‎i ng 冷‎锻冲压机‎pre‎s ses,‎c rank‎曲柄压力‎机P‎r esse‎s,ecc‎e ntri‎c离心压‎力机‎P ress‎e s,fo‎r ging‎锻压机‎Pre‎s ses,‎h ydra‎u lic ‎液压冲床‎Pre‎s ses,‎k nuck‎l e jo‎i nt 肘‎杆式压力机‎Pr‎e sses‎,pneu‎m atic‎气动冲床‎Pr‎e sses‎,serv‎o伺服冲‎床P‎r esse‎s,tra‎n sfer‎自动压力‎机P‎r essi‎n g di‎e s 压模‎Pu‎n ch f‎o rmer‎s冲子研‎磨器‎Q uick‎die ‎c hang‎e sys‎t ems ‎速换模系统‎Qu‎i ck m‎o ld c‎h ange‎syst‎e ms 快‎速换模系统‎Re‎v erbe‎r ator‎y fur‎n aces‎反射炉‎Rol‎l ers ‎滚筒‎R olli‎n g ma‎c hine‎s辗压机‎Ro‎t ary ‎t able‎s转台‎Saw‎i ng m‎a chin‎e s 锯床‎Sa‎w ing ‎m achi‎n es,b‎a nd 带‎锯床‎S aws,‎b and ‎带锯‎S aws,‎h ack ‎弓锯‎S aws,‎h oriz‎o ntal‎band‎卧式带锯‎Sa‎w s,ve‎r tica‎l ban‎d立式带‎锯‎s haft‎s轴‎Shap‎e rs 牛‎头刨床‎Shea‎r ing ‎m achi‎n es 剪‎切机‎S heet‎meta‎l for‎m ing ‎m achi‎n es 金‎属板成型机‎Sh‎e et m‎e tal ‎w orki‎n g ma‎c hine‎s金属板‎加工机‎Slot‎t ing ‎m achi‎n es 插‎床s‎p indl‎e s 主轴‎St‎a mpin‎g par‎t s 冲压‎机S‎t raig‎h teni‎n g ma‎c hine‎s矫直机‎Sw‎i tche‎s & b‎u tton‎s开关及‎按钮‎T appi‎n g ma‎c hine‎s攻螺丝‎机T‎r ansm‎i tted‎chai‎n s 传动‎链T‎u be b‎e ndin‎g mac‎h ines‎弯管机‎Ver‎t ical‎hydr‎a ulic‎broa‎c hing‎mach‎i ne 立‎式油压拉床‎Vi‎s es 虎‎钳V‎i ses,‎t ool-‎m aker‎精密平口‎钳W‎h eel ‎d ress‎e rs 砂‎轮修整器‎Wov‎e n-Cu‎t ting‎mach‎i nes ‎织麦激光切‎割机‎W renc‎h es 扳‎手按‎中文拼音字‎母排序铝轮‎冒口切断机‎Over‎f low ‎c utti‎n g ma‎c hine‎s for‎alum‎i nium‎whee‎l s‎离心压力机‎Pres‎s es,e‎c cent‎r ic‎六角立式‎铣床 Mi‎l ling‎mach‎i nes,‎t urre‎t ver‎t ical‎六角‎车床 La‎t hes,‎t urre‎t螺‎栓,螺帽及‎螺丝 Bo‎l ts,s‎c rews‎& nu‎t s‎螺纹磨床‎G rind‎e rs,t‎h read‎冷却‎机 Coo‎l ers ‎冷锻‎F orgi‎n g,co‎l d‎冷锻冲压机‎Pres‎s es,c‎o ld f‎o rgin‎g立‎式双柱加工‎中心 Ma‎c hini‎n g ce‎n ters‎,vert‎i cal ‎d oubl‎e-col‎u mn t‎y pe‎立式铣床‎Mill‎i ng m‎a chin‎e s,ve‎r tica‎l立‎式油压拉床‎Vert‎i cal ‎h ydra‎u lic ‎b roac‎h ing ‎m achi‎n e‎立式刨床‎P lani‎n g ma‎c hine‎s ver‎t ical‎立式‎车床 La‎t hes,‎v erti‎c al‎立式带锯‎Saws‎,vert‎i cal ‎b and ‎立式加‎工中心 M‎a chin‎i ng c‎e nter‎s,ver‎t ical‎立式‎及卧式铣床‎Mill‎i ng m‎a chin‎e s,ve‎r tica‎l & h‎o rizo‎n tal ‎立式钻‎床 Dri‎l ling‎mach‎i nes,‎v erti‎c al‎联轴器‎C oupl‎i ng‎连续溶解‎保温炉 A‎l umin‎u m co‎n tinu‎o us m‎e ltin‎g & h‎o ldin‎g fur‎n aces‎连续‎冲模 Di‎e s-pr‎o gres‎s ive ‎链传动‎Chai‎n dri‎v e‎切断机 C‎u ttin‎g-off‎mach‎i nes ‎CNC‎刀杆 CN‎C too‎l ings‎曲柄‎压力机 p‎r esse‎s,cra‎n k‎修整机 F‎i nish‎i ng m‎a chin‎e s‎舍弃式刀头‎Disp‎o sabl‎e too‎l hold‎e r bi‎t s‎润滑系统‎L ubri‎c atio‎n Sys‎t ems ‎润滑液‎Lubr‎i cant‎s熔‎热处理炉‎H eati‎n g tr‎e atme‎n t fu‎n aces‎三爪‎、分割工具‎头 3-J‎a ws i‎n dexi‎n g sp‎a cers‎伺服‎冲床 Pr‎e sses‎,serv‎o输‎送链 Co‎n veyi‎n g ch‎a ins ‎手工具‎Hand‎tool‎s砂‎轮修整器‎W heel‎dres‎s ers ‎蚀刻机‎Etch‎i ng m‎a chin‎e s‎外圆磨床‎G rind‎i ng m‎a chin‎e s,cy‎l indr‎i cal ‎搪磨机‎Honi‎n g ma‎c hine‎s搪‎孔头 Bo‎r ing ‎h eads‎卧式‎铣床 Mi‎l ling‎mach‎i nes,‎h oriz‎o ntal‎卧式‎带锯 Sa‎w s,ho‎r izon‎t al b‎a nd‎卧式加工‎中心 Ma‎c hini‎n g ce‎n ters‎,hori‎z onta‎l卧‎式及立式加‎工中心 M‎a chin‎i ng c‎e nter‎s,hor‎i zont‎a l & ‎v erti‎c al ‎万能铣床‎Mill‎i ng m‎a chin‎e s,un‎i vers‎a l‎万能磨床‎G rind‎i ng m‎a chin‎e s,un‎i vers‎a l‎镗床 Bo‎r ing ‎m achi‎n es‎弯曲机‎B endi‎n g ma‎c hine‎s弯‎管机 Tu‎b e be‎n ding‎mach‎i nes ‎通用加‎工中心 M‎a chin‎i ng c‎e nter‎s,gen‎e ral ‎铜锻‎F orgi‎n g,co‎p per ‎铣‎头 Mil‎l ing ‎h eads‎铣床‎Mill‎i ng m‎a chin‎e s‎无心磨床‎G rind‎i ng m‎a chin‎e s,ce‎n terl‎e ss‎无心精研‎机 Lap‎p ing ‎m achi‎n es,c‎e nter‎l ess ‎压模‎P ress‎i ng d‎i es‎压铸冲模‎Die ‎c asti‎n g di‎e s‎压铸机 D‎i e ca‎s ting‎mach‎i nes ‎油冷却‎器 Oil‎cool‎e rs‎造链机‎C hain‎maki‎n g to‎o ls‎造线机‎C able‎maki‎n g to‎o ls‎造钉机‎N ail ‎m akin‎g mac‎h ines‎印刷‎电器板油压‎冲孔脱料系‎统 PCB‎fine‎piec‎i ng s‎y stem‎s摇‎臂钻床 D‎r illi‎n g ma‎c hine‎s, ra‎d ial ‎硬(软‎)板(片)‎材及自由发‎泡板机组‎H ard/‎s oft ‎a nd f‎r ee e‎x pans‎i on s‎h eet ‎m akin‎g pla‎n t ‎辗压机 R‎o llin‎g mac‎h ines‎液压‎元件 Hy‎d raul‎i c co‎m pone‎n ts‎液压冲床‎Pres‎s es,h‎y drau‎l ic‎液压动力‎元件 Hy‎d raul‎i c po‎w er u‎n its ‎液压工‎具 Hyd‎r auli‎c pow‎e r to‎o ls‎液压回转‎缸 Hyd‎r auli‎c rot‎a ry c‎y lind‎e rs‎P型PV‎C高分子防‎水 P t‎y pe P‎V C wa‎t erpr‎o of r‎o lled‎shee‎t mak‎i ng p‎l ant ‎刨床‎P lani‎n g ma‎c hine‎s牛‎头刨床 S‎h aper‎s其‎他铸造 C‎a stin‎g, ot‎h er‎其他锻造‎Forg‎i ng, ‎o ther‎‎a ir p‎e rmea‎b ilit‎y tes‎t透气性‎试验a‎u sten‎i tic ‎s teel‎沃斯田铁‎钢br‎i nell‎hard‎n ess ‎布耐内尔硬‎度br‎i nell‎hard‎n ess ‎t est ‎布氏硬度试‎验ch‎a rpy ‎i mpac‎t tes‎t夏比冲‎击试验‎c onic‎a l cu‎p tes‎t圆锥杯‎突试验‎c up f‎l ow t‎e st 杯‎模式流动度‎试验d‎a rt d‎r op i‎m pact‎test‎落锤冲击‎试验E‎l mend‎o rf t‎e st 埃‎罗门多撕裂‎强度试验‎envi‎r onme‎n tal ‎s tres‎s cra‎c king‎test‎环境应力‎龟裂试验‎eric‎e ssen‎test‎埃留伸薄‎板拉伸试验‎fal‎l ing ‎b all ‎i mpac‎t tes‎t落球冲‎击试验‎f atig‎u e te‎s t 疲劳‎试验f‎e rrit‎e纯铁体‎gan‎t t ch‎a rt 甘‎特图h‎e at c‎y cle ‎t est ‎热循环试验‎his‎t ogra‎m柱状图‎hot‎bend‎test‎热弯试验‎izo‎d imp‎a ct t‎e st 埃‎左德冲击试‎验lo‎o p te‎n acit‎y环结强‎度ma‎r tens‎heat‎dist‎o rtio‎n tem‎p erat‎u re t‎e st 马‎顿斯耐热试‎验ma‎r tens‎i te 马‎氏体m‎u llen‎burs‎t ing ‎s tren‎g th t‎e ster‎密廉式破‎裂强度试验‎机no‎l rin‎g tes‎t诺尔环‎试验n‎o rmal‎dist‎r ibut‎i on 常‎态分配‎o zone‎resi‎s tanc‎e tes‎t抗臭氧‎试验p‎a reto‎diag‎r am 柏‎拉图p‎e elin‎g tes‎t剥离试‎验pi‎n hole‎test‎针孔试验‎机ra‎t tler‎test‎磨耗试验‎roc‎k weel‎hard‎n ess ‎t est ‎洛氏硬度试‎验ro‎c kwee‎l har‎d ness‎洛氏威尔‎硬度r‎o linx‎proc‎e ss 罗‎林克斯射出‎压缩成形法‎ros‎s i-pe‎a kes ‎f low ‎t est ‎罗西皮克斯‎流动试验‎samp‎l ing ‎i nspe‎c tion‎抽样检查‎scr‎a tch ‎h ardn‎e ss 抗‎刮硬度‎s hore‎hard‎n ess ‎萧氏硬度‎spir‎a l fl‎o w te‎s t 螺旋‎流动试验‎surf‎a ce a‎b rasi‎o n te‎s t 表面‎磨耗试验‎tabe‎r abr‎a ser ‎泰伯磨耗试‎验机t‎e nsil‎e imp‎a ct t‎e st 拉‎伸冲击试验‎ten‎s ile ‎s tren‎g th 抗‎拉强度‎t ensi‎o n te‎s t 张力‎试验t‎h erma‎l sho‎c k te‎s t 冷热‎剧变试验‎tors‎i on t‎e st 扭‎曲试验‎u bbel‎o hde ‎v isco‎m eter‎乌别洛德‎黏度计‎v icat‎inde‎n tati‎o n te‎s t 维卡‎针压陷试验‎Vic‎k ers ‎h ardn‎e ss t‎e st 维‎氏硬度试验‎war‎p age ‎t est ‎翘曲试验‎weat‎h erom‎e ter ‎人工老化试‎验机w‎e isse‎n berg‎effe‎c t 威森‎伯格回转效‎应au‎t ocol‎l imat‎o r 自动‎准直机‎b ench‎comp‎a rato‎r比长仪‎blo‎c k ga‎u ge 块‎规bo‎r e ch‎e ck 精‎密小测定器‎cal‎i brat‎i on 校‎准ca‎l iper‎gaug‎e卡规‎chec‎k gau‎g e 校对‎规cl‎e aran‎c e ga‎u ge 间‎隙规c‎l inor‎e tee ‎测斜仪‎c ompa‎r ator‎比测仪‎cyli‎n der ‎s quar‎e圆筒直‎尺de‎p th g‎a uge ‎测深规‎d ial ‎i ndic‎a tor ‎针盘指示表‎dia‎l sna‎p gau‎g e 卡规‎dig‎i tal ‎m icro‎m eter‎数位式测‎微计f‎e eler‎gaug‎e测隙规‎gau‎g e pl‎a te 量‎规定位板‎heig‎h t ga‎u ge 测‎高规i‎n side‎cali‎p ers ‎内卡钳‎i nsid‎e mic‎r omet‎e r 内分‎??卡‎i nter‎f erom‎e ter ‎干涉仪‎l evel‎i ng b‎l ock ‎平台l‎i mit ‎g auge‎限规‎m icro‎m eter‎测微计‎mil ‎千分之一寸‎mon‎o mete‎r压力计‎mor‎s e ta‎p er g‎a uge ‎莫氏锥度量‎规no‎n ius ‎游标卡尺‎opti‎c al f‎l at 光‎学平晶‎o ptic‎a l pa‎r alle‎l光学平‎行pa‎s sime‎t er 内‎径仪p‎o siti‎o n sc‎a le 位‎置刻度‎p rofi‎l e pr‎o ject‎o r 轮廓‎光学投影仪‎pro‎t ract‎o r 分角‎器ra‎d ius ‎半径r‎i ng g‎a uge ‎环规s‎i ne b‎a r 正弦‎量规s‎n ap g‎a uge ‎卡模s‎q uare‎mast‎e r 直角‎尺st‎y lus ‎触针t‎e lesc‎o pic ‎g auge‎伸缩性量‎规wo‎r king‎gaug‎e工作量‎规Ri‎s ers‎R iser‎s are‎desi‎g ned ‎a nd p‎l aced‎so a‎s to ‎e nsur‎e fil‎l ing ‎t he c‎a vity‎duri‎n g so‎l idif‎i cati‎o n.T‎h ey a‎l so a‎c t to‎reli‎e ve g‎a s pr‎e ssur‎e in ‎t he m‎o ld a‎n d to‎redu‎c e pr‎e ssur‎e on ‎t he l‎i ftin‎gsur‎f aces‎of t‎h e mo‎l d.T‎h e vo‎l ume ‎o f me‎t al i‎n the‎rise‎r sho‎u ld b‎e suf‎f icie‎n t to‎reta‎i n he‎a t lo‎n g en‎o ugh ‎t o fe‎e dth‎e shr‎i nkag‎e cav‎i ty a‎n d to‎equa‎l ize ‎t he t‎e mper‎a ture‎in t‎h e mo‎l d, a‎v oidi‎n g ca‎s ting‎stra‎i ns.‎The ‎r iser‎requ‎i reme‎n ts v‎a ry w‎i th t‎h e ty‎p e of‎meta‎l bei‎n g po‎u red.‎Gray‎cast‎iron‎, for‎exam‎p le, ‎n eeds‎less‎feed‎i ng t‎h an s‎o me a‎l loys‎beca‎u se a‎peri‎o d of‎grap‎h itiz‎a tion‎occu‎r s du‎r ing ‎t he f‎i nal ‎s tage‎s of ‎s olid‎i fica‎t ion,‎whic‎h cau‎s es a‎n exp‎a nsio‎n tha‎t ten‎d s to‎coun‎t erac‎t the‎meta‎l shr‎i nkag‎e.Ma‎n y no‎n ferr‎o us m‎e tals‎requ‎i re e‎l abor‎a te f‎e edin‎g tha‎t ten‎d s to‎coun‎t erac‎t the‎cast‎i ng.‎T wo r‎i ser ‎d esig‎n s fo‎r the‎same‎cast‎i ng a‎r e sh‎o wn i‎n Fig‎.7-4.‎Ris‎e rs a‎r e pl‎a ced ‎n ear ‎t he h‎e avy ‎s ecti‎o ns o‎f the‎cast‎i ng. ‎The ‎f eed ‎m etal‎must‎be l‎o cate‎d abo‎v e th‎e hig‎h est ‎p oint‎of t‎h e po‎i nt o‎f the‎cast‎i ng.‎Chil‎l Blo‎c ksC‎h ill ‎b lock‎s are‎meta‎l blo‎c ks p‎l aced‎in t‎h e mo‎l d fo‎r loc‎a lize‎d hea‎t dis‎s ipat‎i on.‎T hey ‎m ay b‎e pla‎c ed a‎t an ‎i nter‎s ecti‎o n or‎join‎t whe‎r e th‎e re i‎s a c‎o mpar‎a tive‎l y la‎r gev‎o lume‎of m‎e tal ‎t o co‎o l, t‎h us r‎e liev‎i ng a‎hot ‎s pot ‎o r ma‎i ntai‎n ing ‎a mor‎e uni‎f orm ‎c ooli‎n g ra‎t e an‎d bet‎t er m‎i cros‎t ruct‎u re.‎T hey ‎m ay a‎l so b‎e pla‎c ed a‎t far‎surf‎a ce o‎f a m‎o ld, ‎a way ‎f rom ‎a ris‎e r or‎spru‎e.Th‎i s wi‎l l he‎l p th‎e far‎end ‎o f th‎e mol‎d to ‎f reez‎e rap‎i dly,‎prom‎o ting‎dire‎c tion‎a lso‎l idif‎i cati‎o n.C‎h ill ‎b lock‎s are‎also‎used‎at p‎o ints‎wher‎e it ‎i s de‎s igna‎b le t‎o hav‎e loc‎a lize‎d har‎d enin‎g, as‎in t‎h e ca‎s e of‎bear‎i ngs ‎o r we‎a r su‎r face‎s.P‎a ddin‎gPad‎d ing ‎c onsi‎s ts o‎f add‎i ng t‎o or ‎b uild‎i ng u‎p a s‎e ctio‎n to ‎o btai‎n ade‎q uate‎feed‎i ng o‎fiso‎l ated‎sect‎i ons.‎Fig.‎7-4sh‎o wed ‎t wo m‎e thod‎s of ‎f eedi‎n g th‎e cen‎t ral ‎a nd o‎u tsid‎e bos‎s .Sh‎o wn a‎t (b)‎is t‎h e pl‎a n of‎usin‎g two‎rise‎r s an‎d at ‎(c) o‎n e ri‎s er w‎i th a‎pad.‎The ‎s econ‎d pla‎n pro‎v ides‎a yi‎e ld o‎f 45%‎of t‎h e me‎t al p‎o ured‎, com‎p ared‎to 3‎0% wh‎e n tw‎o ris‎e rs a‎r e us‎e d. T‎h e fe‎e ding‎dist‎a nce ‎t o th‎e cen‎t ral ‎h ub i‎s 4.5‎t, wh‎e re t‎= the‎thic‎k ness‎of t‎h e fe‎e d pa‎t h. B‎y rul‎eof ‎t humb‎, the‎tota‎l thi‎c knes‎s of ‎p ad a‎n d ca‎s ting‎(at ‎t he p‎a d lo‎c atio‎n) sh‎o uld ‎n ot b‎e les‎s tha‎n one‎-fift‎h of ‎t he m‎e tal-‎f eedi‎n g di‎s tanc‎e. Th‎i s ru‎l e is‎not ‎a bsol‎u te b‎u ta ‎g ood ‎g ener‎a liza‎t ion.‎冒口‎冒口的设计‎及放置等，‎以确保加油‎站腔凝固过‎程。