Analyze the Worm-based Attack in Large Scale P2P Networks

黄蝉花素抑制斜纹夜蛾生长发育作用（英文）1. 引言1.1 背景介绍The fall armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda) is a major agricultural pest that causes significant damage to crops worldwide. It is known for its rapid reproduction and ability to feed on a wide range of host plants, including corn, rice, and cotton. Traditional control methods such as chemical pesticides have been effective in managing fall armyworm populations, but their overuse has led to concerns about environmental pollution and resistance development.1.2 研究目的Specifically, the research objectives include:1. To determine the impact of Huangchanhua extract on the growth and development of fall armyworm larvae.2. To investigate the mechanisms by which Huangchanhua extract exerts its inhibitory effects on the fall armyworm.3. To evaluate the potential use of Huangchanhua extract asa natural and environmentally-friendly alternative to conventional chemical pesticides for fall armyworm control.1.3 研究方法The research method used in this study was carefully designed to investigate the inhibitory effect of Huangchan flower extract on the growth and development of the fall armyworm.2. 正文2.1 黄蝉花素的抑制作用黄蝉花素是一种植物提取物，已被广泛研究其对斜纹夜蛾的抑制作用。

从早起的鸟儿有虫吃的启示英语作文八十字全文共6篇示例，供读者参考篇1The Early Bird Totally Gets All The Worms!Yo guys! Have you ever heard that super cool saying "The early bird gets the worm"? It's like the most awesome thing ever! Lemme break it down for you.So there's this little birdie, right? And he's just chillin' in his nest, catching some zzzz's. But then the sun comes up and he's like "Woah, time to get my grub on!" He shoots out of that nest faster than a rocket ship!Why's the little dude in such a hurry, you ask? Well, it's because he knows all the best worms are out super early, duh! All the other lazy birdie bums who sleep in are totally gonna miss out on the worm buffet. Snoooooze ya looooooze!This little feathery dude books it over to the yummiest patch of dirt around. And what do you know? He spots a big juicy worm, just wiggling around waiting to be slurped up! That's a birdie scoring the prime delicacy.So the early bird gobbles down that worm lickety-split before any of the other birdie bozos even had a chance to look for breakfast. You know what that means? More worms for him! He can eat until his tummy is totally stuffed and still have leftovers to take home to the nest. Cha-ching!Now, some of you might be thinking "Who cares about dumb old worms? I want chicken nuggets for breakfast!" Fair point, my friends. But just hear me out for a second.The saying isn't actually about worms at all. It's a metaphor about being motivated and getting things done. Essentially, it means that people who wake up early and get a head start are way more likely to be successful and achieve their goals than the lazy bums who sleep all day on the couch.Put it this way - that early bird who snatched the worm is kind of like a kid who gets up and does their homework bright and early instead of waiting until late at night when they're too tired. Or a business person who gets into the office before everyone else to get a jumpstart on their big presentation. They're getting that "worm" of productivity and hard work.On the other hand, the lazy birds snoozing while Mr. Early Bird feasts are like the kid playing video games all day instead of studying. Or the business person who put off their work until thevery last minute and has to rush. They missed their chance at the "worm" of success.Pretty interesting way to look at it, right? From now on, whenever you think about sleeping in or procrastinating, just remember - you don't want to be the lazy bird with no worms! Set that alarm and attack your day first thing. Be an early bird and the worm of achievement is all yours.Those are wise words to live by, if you ask me. Thanks for listening, dudes! I'll leave you with this: Next time you see a bird munching on a worm, think to yourself "Dang, that smart bird totally gets it. Time for me to worm up too!" Then go be an early worm-getting rockstar!篇2The Early Bird Gets the WormYou know that saying about the early bird getting the worm? Well, it's really true! My mom is always telling me that and now I totally get what it means. Let me tell you all about it.Last weekend, I was staying over at my grandma's house. Grandma has this really cool birdfeeder right outside her kitchen window. She puts all kinds of yummy seeds and nuts in it for thebirds. In the morning, Grandma likes to drink her coffee and watch all the birds come to eat breakfast.On Saturday, I woke up super early, even before Grandma! I went into the kitchen and saw that not many birds had come to the feeder yet. There were just a couple little birds pecking around at the bottom looking for crumbs. Then I heard my grandma's footsteps coming down the hall."Well, good morning, my early bird!" Grandma said with a smile when she saw me. We sat down together at the table with our drinks - she had her coffee and I had a big glass of orange juice.Just a few minutes later, Grandma pointed out the window and said "Look! Here come some more birds!" Sure enough, a whole flock of birds had arrived at the feeder! There were pretty blue jays, red cardinals, yellow finches, and so many more. They were all chirping and fluttering around, trying to get the best spots at the feeder.The birds that were there first got the pick of all the best seeds and nuts. Those late birds had to fight for the crumbs at the bottom or wait their turn for the feeder to get restocked. Some of them even gave up and flew away to try and find breakfast somewhere else!"You see?" Grandma told me. "The early birds really did get the worm...or the seeds, I should say!"I thought about that for a minute and said, "So that's what that saying means? That if you wake up early and get started, you get the best stuff before anyone else?" Grandma nodded."Exactly! It's good advice for all parts of life. If you want something special, you have to be the early bird. Get up early, be on time, don't be last."Then I remembered something my teacher told our class about getting to school on time. "Oh yeah, and at school, if you're late to class, you miss all the instructions for the day! Then you could get confused and not know what to do. Just like those late birds."Grandma smiled and ruffled my hair. "That's right, you're catching on! Being on time is very important, whether it's for school, a game, or even just breakfast." She pointed back out the window at the birds. "Those early birds get a good meal to start their day off right. That gives them energy to go about their busy days."I grinned, feeling very wise. "So I guess I'm an early bird today since I got up before you!"Grandma laughed. "You certainly are! And you know what that means?" She picked up a napkin and made a birds nest shape. "The early bird gets the worm...or in this case, an extra biscuit!" She pulled a warm, flaky biscuit from the bread basket and set it in my "nest."I beamed and pulled off a chunk of the biscuit to munch on. Boy, Grandma was right - it's great being an early bird! From now on, I'll be getting up bright and early every day. An early bird really does get the worm...or the biscuit!篇3The Early Bird Really Does Get the Worm!You know that saying "the early bird gets the worm"? Well, it's totally true! I saw it happen with my own two eyes.One morning, I woke up super early because I was so excited for my buddy Kyle's birthday party later that day. The sun was just peeking over the trees and I could hear the chirping of birds outside my window. I looked out and saw a little brown bird sitting on a branch. It kept flicking its head back and forth like it was looking for something.Suddenly, the bird took off and swooped down to the ground. I watched as it grabbed a big, juicy worm in its beak and flew back up to the branch. The worm was wriggling all around trying to get free, but that bird had it good! Then a couple other birds flew down too, but there weren't any more worms left. They had to fly away empty-beaked. I felt kind of bad for them, but that early bird was one smart cookie!Seeing that happen made me realize how important it is to wake up early if you want to get stuff done. My dad is always saying "The early bird gets the worm, Danny!" whenever he wants me up in the morning. Now I totally get why! If that first bird had slept in late, it would have missed out on breakfast. All the other late birds had to go hungry.From that day on, I decided I was going to be an early bird too. I started setting my alarm for 7am every day, even on weekends. At first it was really hard to drag myself out of bed when it was still dark out. But after a little while, I got used to it. And you know what? I found that by getting up early, I had way more time to do stuff!In the mornings, I could peacefully eat my breakfast without being rushed. I had plenty of time to get dressed, brush my teeth, and pack my backpack for school without stressing out. I couldeven watch a cartoon or read a few chapters of my book before leaving for the bus. When I got to school, my brain felt nice and awake instead of being all foggy and sleepy.Being an early riser also meant I got first dibs on the good computer games during free time in class. The late arrivers usually had to take whatever was left, which was often super boring. At home, I could get a head start on my homework before dinner so I had more free time at night. And on weekends, I could go outside and play before it got too hot out.There were definitely times when I was really tempted to sleep in late, especially in the winter when it was all cozy under my covers. Whenever I felt that way though, I'd just picture that early bird from months ago scoring the nice plump worm. That always gave me the motivation to hop out of bed! I realized that sleeping in and being lazy would only cause me to miss out on opportunities.I think being an early bird is one of the best habits a kid can have. Sure, sleeping late can be fun sometimes when you're on vacation. But if you want to be productive and make the most of your day, you gotta rise and shine! Those early hours are precious time when you can get stuff done without distractions.The afternoon and evening always seems to get filled up with activities, chores, and TV time before you know it.So next time your mom or dad is nagging you to get out of bed in the morning, just think of that early bird getting the worm. You snooze, you lose! Get up early and you're virtually guaranteed to have a great day. Who knows what opportunities and adventures await? An early riser will be first in line to find out. Now if you'll excuse me, I have to get some shut-eye - my alarm is set bright and early for the crack of dawn!篇4Here's an 80-word English composition on "The Lesson from the Early Bird Getting the Worm" written in a primary school student's tone, with a total of around 2000 words:The Early Bird Gets the WormOne morning, I woke up really early. The sun was just peeking out, and the birds were singing their pretty songs. I looked out the window and saw a little brown bird hopping around on the grass. It was looking for worms!The bird kept pecking at the ground, and then suddenly, it pulled out a big, juicy worm! The worm was wriggling andsquirming, trying to escape, but the bird held on tight. It gulped down the worm in one big bite. Yum!I watched as the bird continued to hop around, looking for more worms. It found a few more and ate them up too. I realized that the bird was able to find so many worms because it was up so early, before all the other birds.That's when I learned an important lesson: the early bird really does get the worm! If you wake up early and get started on your day, you'll be able to get a lot more done than if you sleep in late.From that day on, I tried my best to wake up early like that little bird. Whenever my mom or dad came to wake me up for school, I was already wide awake and ready to start my day. I would get dressed, eat a good breakfast, and head off to school feeling energized and prepared.Being an early riser like the bird gave me so many advantages. In the morning, my mind was fresh and clear, and I could focus better on my schoolwork. I also had plenty of time to double-check my homework and make sure it was all done correctly.During class, I was able to pay close attention to the teacher and participate in discussions. I didn't feel groggy or sleepy like some of my classmates who had stayed up late the night before.After school, I had time to play outside or work on my hobbies before it got dark. I could enjoy the beautiful afternoon sunshine and get some exercise, which helped me sleep better at night.On the weekends, I would wake up early and help my parents with chores or run errands. We could get everything done in the morning, and then we'd have the rest of the day to do fun activities together as a family.Sometimes, my friends would invite me to sleepovers or late-night movies, but I had to politely decline. I knew that if I stayed up too late, I wouldn't be able to wake up early the next day, and I didn't want to miss out on all the benefits of being an early riser.Of course, there were times when I felt tempted to sleep in, especially on cold winter mornings when my bed felt so warm and cozy. But then I would remember that little bird and how hard it worked to find those worms. If a tiny bird could wake up at the crack of dawn to get its food, surely I could do the same to get an education and live a healthy, productive life.Being an early riser wasn't always easy, but it was definitely worth it. I felt more energetic, focused, and accomplished throughout the day. I was able to get more done and still have time for fun and relaxation.Even now that I'm older, I still try to wake up early whenever I can. It's become a habit that has served me well in school, work, and life in general. All thanks to that little bird who showed me the importance of rising early and seizing the day!So the next time you hear those birds singing their morning melodies, remember the lesson of the early bird getting the worm. Make the most of your day by starting it bright and early, just like that determined little feathered friend.篇5One morning, I woke up really early because I was excited for my baseball game that day. As I looked out the window, I saw a little bird chirping and hopping around on the ground. It was searching for worms to eat for breakfast! The bird kept looking and looking until it found a nice, juicy worm. It gobbled up the worm happily.That's when I remembered the saying, "The early bird gets the worm." It means that if you wake up early and get started onsomething before others, you'll have an advantage and be able to get what you want or need before anyone else does. The little bird woke up bright and early that morning while all the other birds were still sleeping. By being the first one up and out looking for food, it was able to find a tasty worm before any other birds were even awake yet.Seeing that hard-working little bird made me think about how I should try to be more like it. I realized that if I want to do well in school, sports, or anything else, I need to wake up early and get started on things right away instead of sleeping in late. Just like the bird found the best worm by being first, I'll be able to find more success in life by being an "early bird" too.From that day on, I made an effort to wake up earlier than all my friends and classmates. I'd get out of bed while it was still dark outside, have a good breakfast, and use that extra time in the morning to get a head start on my schoolwork, chores, or practice for baseball or other activities. My parents were really impressed that I was being so responsible and hard-working without them even having to nag me about it.At school, I was able to hand in my homework before most other kids because I did it first thing in the morning instead of rushing to finish it right before class started. My teachers noticedthat I was turning in neat, complete assignments on time every day. They could see I was putting in a lot of effort, so they gave me encouragement and good grades. I started getting better at baseball too since I'd wake up super early to practice my batting and fielding before my teammates even got to the field.Whenever I felt like sleeping in or procrastinating, I'd remember that little bird and how it found the yummiest worm just by waking up earliest. That would motivate me to keep being an early riser and use that time wisely to get stuff done ahead of everyone else. It wasn't always easy dragging myself out of my cozy bed when it was still dark and chilly outside, but I knew it would pay off in the end.By the end of the school year, my teachers and coaches told me how proud they were of the incredible progress I'd made. I went from being an okay student who was just getting by to becoming one of the top students academically and athletically. My parents were overjoyed and took me out for a special celebratory dinner. I felt so accomplished knowing that my success was all thanks to following the simple advice of "the early bird gets the worm."From this experience, I learned that there's a lot of wisdom in old sayings and proverbs that have been passed down throughgenerations. They may seem silly at first, but they often teach valuable life lessons if you take the time to think deeply about their meaning. Whenever I feel unmotivated now, I remind myself of the early bird and how taking action early gave it an advantage over all the other birds who were too lazy to wake up on time. Its smart strategy helped it get exactly what it needed to thrive that day.I know that as long as I keep applying the lesson of the early bird in my own life - - getting up before others, working hard right from the start, taking initiative instead of procrastinating - - I'll keep finding major success and getting the "worms" I want, whether that's great grades, accomplishments in sports, or anything else I set my mind to. The early bird metaphor will always stick with me as a simple but powerful reminder to be proactive and diligent in pursuing my biggest goals and dreams in life. Who knew watching one tiny bird could teach such an unforgettable lesson?篇6Here's an 80-word English essay written from the perspective of an elementary school student, with insights from the Chinese proverb "The early bird gets the worm." The total length is around 2,000 words.The Early Bird Gets the WormI love the saying, "The early bird gets the worm!" It means that if you wake up early and start your day, you'll get good things. Like, if I wake up super early on a Saturday morning, I can play video games before my siblings are even awake! That's getting the worm for sure.But it's not just about fun stuff. Being an early bird can help me in school too. If I wake up early, I have time to eat a good breakfast. My mom always says, "Breakfast is the most important meal of the day." With a full tummy, I can focus better in class and not get distracted by hunger pangs.Getting up early also means I won't be rushing around like a crazy person trying to get ready for school. I can take my time, pack my backpack properly, and not forget anything important like my homework or my lunchbox. Nothing ruins a day like forgetting your lunch and having to eat the gross cafeteria food!Speaking of school, being an early bird means I can get to class before the bell rings. That way, I don't have to walk in late and have everyone staring at me. It's so embarrassing when the teacher has to stop the lesson and say, "Nice of you to join us, Jimmy." No thanks! I'd rather be sitting at my desk, ready to learn.But my favorite part about being an early riser is that I can enjoy the morning. I love watching the sunrise and hearing the birds chirping their morning songs. It's like the whole world is waking up with me, and we're sharing this special quiet moment before the hustle and bustle of the day begins.Sometimes, if I'm up really early, I'll even see some actual early birds hunting for worms! I think that's where the saying comes from. Those birds are smart – they know that if they want to catch some juicy worms, they need to get up before all the other birds. The early bird really does get the worm!Of course, it's not always easy to wake up early, especially on cold winter mornings when my warm bed feels extra cozy. But I try to remember that being an early bird has its rewards. Maybe I'll get some extra video game time, or maybe I'll just enjoy the peaceful morning air. Either way, I'm getting my worm!My dad says that developing the habit of being an early riser will serve me well as I get older. He says it's a skill that will help me in school, in my future job, and in life in general. I'm not sure I totally understand what he means yet, but I do know that I feel good when I wake up early and start my day on the right foot.So that's why I love the saying, "The early bird gets the worm." It reminds me to seize the day and not waste mymornings sleeping in. Who knows what opportunities or adventures I might miss if I'm not up and at 'em bright and early? This early bird plans to keep catching those worms for a long, long time!。

[英语作文]磕头虫Title: The Resilience of the Ladybug: A Tale of Tenacity and CharmIn the vast and diverse world of the insect kingdom, there exists a creature that has captured human attention and affection for centuries - the ladybug, often playfully referred to as the "lady beetle" or, in some cultures, the "lucky bug." Despite its diminutive size, this tiny creature embodies resilience, tenacity, and the power of symbolism. Its story is one of adaptability in the face of adversity, and its presence is often seen as a harbinger of good fortune.The ladybug's scientific name, Coccinellidae, hints at its vibrant red coloration, which varies from species to species but is most commonly associated with the classic bright red with black spots. This coloration not only adds to the ladybug's charm but also serves as a form of natural defense against predators. The spots warn potential threats that these insects secrete a distasteful substance when attacked, making them an unappealing meal.Ladybugs are not just aesthetically pleasing; they are also valuable contributors to the ecosystem. They are voracious predators of plant-sucking insects like aphids, scale insects, and various soft-bodied pests. By keeping these populations in check, ladybugs help protect crops and ornamental plants, making them a favored companion in many gardens and farms. Their presence is often celebrated, as they are seen as natural allies in the battle against pests.However, the road for the ladybug is not always smooth. Like many insects, they face environmental challenges such as habitat loss, climate change, and the use of pesticides. Yet, they demonstrate remarkable adaptability, finding new habitats and food sources when their traditional ones are compromised. Their ability to fly allows them to disperse widely, seeking refuge and opportunity in new locations.The ladybug's role as a cultural symbol adds another layer to its story. In many cultures, it is considered a bringer of good luck and prosperity. Its appearance is often associated with positive omens, and its gentle nature has endeared it to people across generations. Children are often told that if a ladybug lands on them, it is a sign of good fortune, and killing one would bring bad luck.The ladybug's influence extends to art and popular culture as well. It has been immortalized in literature, children's books, and even on the big screen. Its distinctive shape and coloring have made it a favorite subject for artists and designers, adorning everything from home décor to fashion accessories.In conclusion, the ladybug's tale is one of perseverance and charm. Despite being small in stature, it has carved out a significant place in our hearts and ecosystems. Its ability to thrive in the face of challenges serves as an inspiration for us all. As we observe these winged wonders flitting from plant to plant, we are reminded of the beauty and importance of biodiversity and the need to protect it. The ladybug's legacy is a testament to the strength and value found in even thesmallest creatures that share our world.。

2023年高考英语外刊时文精读精练 (7)Invasive species入侵物种News from the underground地下“杀手”主题语境：人与自然 主题语境内容：人与环境、人与动植物【外刊原文】（斜体单词为超纲词汇，认识即可；下划线单词为课标词汇，需熟记。

）Earthworms’ kindly image as aerators(通气设备),drainers(滤干器) and fertilisers(肥料) of field and garden buries a darker secret.They are actually fierce competitors withother invertebrates(无脊椎动物) consuming rotting(腐烂的) plant matter and tiny organisms , all of which might otherwise threaten a wide variety of soil dwellers(居民).That much is well known, not least from research conducted in northern North America. Here, worms were wiped out during the last ice age, which ended 12,000 years ago.They started returning,in the form of European invaders(入侵者),only a few centuries in the past.What have not been investigated much until now are the consequences of this underground killing for surface-living creatures.But that has just been corrected by Malte Jochum of Leipzig University, in Germany, and his colleagues, in a study just published in Biology Letters.Dr Jochum and his team worked in a forest overlooking Barrier Lake, in Alberta, Canada, where the earthworm invasion has been tracked for three decades.That has permitted the identification of areas with low (four worms per square metre,on average), medium (43 worms per square metre)and high (106 per square metre) populations.Within each zone of abundance , the researchers marked 20 plots with individual areas of two square metres. They identified all of the plants and used vacuum-suction collecting devices(真空吸力收集装置) to collect as many as possible of the above-surface arthropods(地表节肢动物) in each plot,,mostly insects and spiders .They then sorted, identified and measured these animals to calculate their abundance, biomass(生物量) and species richness. (Species abundance refers to the number of individuals per species. species richness refers to the number of species in an area.)Altogether, the collectors picked up 13,037 individual arthropods（节肢动物）—and differences between plots were quickly obvious.Those with abundant earthworms were shorter of arthropods compared with ones where worms were rare.Plots with the most worms in them had 61% fewer individual arthropods, 18%fewer arthropod species and a 27% reduction in total arthropod biomass, compared with those with the fewest. So-called detritivores(屑食生物)—which compete directly with worms for food —suffered worst. There were 80% less of them in areas of worm abundance, compared with those of less worm . But herbivores and omnivores(食草动物和杂食动物)suffered, too. Only for carnivorous arthropods(食肉节肢动物), such as spiders,was there good news.Their numbers were up 41%in worm-rich plots, compared with worm-poor ones.Why predators did well is unclear.Some,perhaps,were eating worms directly.Others may have takenadvantage of the removing of cover for their prey(猎物) caused by worms pulling the leafunderground for later consumption.The knock-on effects of this “killing” further up the food chainremain unclear. Species that liketo eat worms are possibly doing better,while those that prefer their meals crunchy(松脆) will be doing worse. Whether this matters in the grand scheme of things is debatable.But for those who prefertheir ecosystems primitive,this work confirms that earthworms are certainly not the purely good which some people make them out to be.【课标词汇】1.fierce猛烈的；激烈的；骇人的•a fierce attack/battle猛烈的进攻／激烈的战斗T wo men were shot during fierce fighting last weekend.上周末的激战中两人被枪击。

雅思（阅读）模拟试卷33(题后含答案及解析) 题型有：1. Reading ModuleReading Module (60 minutes)COMPUTER SECURITY It is believed that the problem of computer security has changed over a period of time as businesses, through an increased use of information technology (IT), have become more and more dependent on information and the associated information systems (IS). However, at the same time, there has been limited change in the implemented security or safeguards to these information systems. In fact many executives or managers fail to even identify the relevant requirement for security or policies. A. The Internet has been roughly doubling in size every year, and the associated security incidents have been running in parity. Even if the percentage of malicious users is small, the increase in size of the Internet and in the number of incidents of failed security is significant. The importance of the growth in the Internet can be highlighted by the fact that in July 1991, 33% of Internet users were from the commercial sector, whereas in July 1996, this figure had risen to 50%. B. In 1988, the Morris “worm” was introduced on the Internet to invade, attack and replicate itself on the network. The response was to shut down E-mail and connectivity. However, the “fixes” were to be distributed via E-mail and so the solution was self-defeating. As a result of this worm virus, CERT (Computer Emergency Response Team) was formed, with the Australian version (AUSCERT) starting in 1992. C. One of the problems with Internet security is the fact that the incidents are increasing in sophistication. One of the reasons for this has been the increasing availability of toolkits. Although these toolkits are designed to assist computer systems designers to protect and develop their sites, they also allow relatively ignorant intruders to carry out increasingly complex incidents with the utilisation of many routers and disguises to reach their “target”. According to a US Department of Defence report, less than 1% of incidents are identified but 65% of these are successful. Another thing to bear in mind with intruders and hackers is that they do not respect geographical or administrative boundaries, or time zones. They may be geographically dislocated from the point of attack and therefore operating in “off-duty”hours. D. The thing to remember with security is that the system administrators must get it fight all the time; the intruder must get it right just once. Evidence of this is easy to find. In 1997, a teenager hacked into a Bell Atlantic network. His hacking crashed the computer and resulted in 600 homes, a regional airport and emergency services being without telephone communications for six hours. And what was the punishment for this offence? Two years of probation, community service and a fine of US$5,000. E. Governments are getting tough on cyber crimes, especially in the wake of September 11th. These crimes are being linked to national security, which in the US is now of major concern to government officials and the general public alike. And the government has been swift to act. In late 2001,the US Patriot Act was introduced. This Act increased the maximum sentence for breaking into a computer from five to ten years. Then in July 2002, the House of Representatives approved the Cyber Security Enhancement Act. Now if a cyber crime results in the death of an individual, the offender could face a life sentence. There has been additional fall-out from the September 11th attacks with the FBI and other government security agencies dramatically escalating their monitoring of the Internet. This has pushed some hackers further underground, fearful that what they had previously been doing out of boredom or challenge could now be viewed as an act of terrorism. F. On the other hand, the events of September 11th have led to some ex-hackers using their extensive knowledge and experience to join forces with security forces to aid the fight against terrorism. G. However, even with the increased threats of punishment, computer viruses and incidents of hacking continue to be widespread. Long-time security measures which have been utilised by companies and individuals are not fail-safe. One of the more prevalent IS security measures is the use of firewalls, which “filter” the data entering/leaving the corporate IS. It is true that these firewalls have a number of advantages, nevertheless, they should not be seen as a panacea to all IS security woes, merely an enhancement. They can provide a false sense of security and have limited protection from internal attackers. In short, the corporate world needs to realise that computer security will be an on-going problem and expense.1．Complete the table below with information found in the text. Use NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS OR A NUMBER for each answer. Write your answers in boxes 1-3 on your Answer Sheet.正确答案：50%2．*正确答案：19883．*正确答案：monitoring the Internet/monitoring of Internet/Internet monitoring 4．In Reading Passage 1 there are several sections. Choose the most suitable heading (I-IX) from the box below which best matches the Sections A-G. Write your answers in boxes 4-9 on your Answer Sheet. NOTE: there are more headings than sections so you will not use all of them. You may use any of the headings more than once. LIST OF HEADINGS I A positive aspect of hacking II Tougher punishments for backers III Response toInternet security IV Growth of the Internet V Responsibilities of managers VI Hackers vs. administrators VII Difficulty of detection VIII Government agencies IX Common security measureParagraph B ______正确答案：III5．Paragraph C ______正确答案：VII6．Paragraph D ______正确答案：VI7．Paragraph E ______正确答案：II8．Paragraph F ______正确答案：I9．Paragraph G ______正确答案：IX10．Solving the Morris ‘worm’ was difficult because the repair method was sent ______ and therefore useless.正确答案：by/via E-mail11．The teenager who hacked into Bell Atlantic would get a maximum prison sentence of ______if he committed the same crime now.正确答案：ten years12．Some hackers are scared that government authorities could now consider them to be ______正确答案：terrorists13．One disadvantage of ______ is that they can make a company feel protected from attack even though the system is not perfect.正确答案：firewallsThe nature of sleep and the role it plays in our lives has long fascinated science and been the focus of many studies and a great deal of research. A. The benefit of receiving enough sleep is essential to our inner well-being. Not enough sleep, however, means that we lack the opportunity to restore ourselves physiologically, emotionally and cognitively. It affects our mood and can result in behaviour and performance problems. When we sleep, our bodies rest but our brains are active. Sleep lays the groundwork for a productive day ahead. Although most people benefit the most from eight hours of sleep each night, this is not always what they manage to achieve. Men get slightly less sleep than women during the week (6.7 hours/night vs. 7.0 hours /night), but have fewer sleep problems, according to recent Sleep in America polls conducted annually by the National Sleep Foundation (NSF).B. According to current scientific thought, the human body is pre-programmed for sleep. At nightfall, cells in the retina (a light sensitive membrane connected to the eye by the optic nerve) send a sleep signal to a cluster of nerve cells in the brain. These nerve cells are concentrated together in the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) and are located in a part of the brain called the hypothalamus which helps regulate body temperature. The SCN is also known as the circadian clock. This biological “clock”relays the message to other parts of the brain which then signals the body that it is time to sleep. For instance, the pineal gland, also located in the hypothalamus, produces a substance called melatonin, which lowers body temperature, and causes drowsiness.C. A great deal of the information we now know about sleep and the physiological changes it causes in the brain can be traced back to the invention of the electroencephalogram in the 1950s. This machine allowed scientists to record the feeble electric currents generated on the brain without opening the skull and to depict them graphically onto a strip of paper. Brain-wave function could be examined and scientists could thereby observe sleep from moment to moment. In the 1970s it became possible for scientists to make assumptions about the role that correct breathing plays during sleep with the development of the technology to measure respiration. It was here that science really began to understand the nature of sleep and the role it plays in people’s lives.D. As well as uncovering the physiological changes occurring during sleep, The New England Journal of Medicine reported that sleep concerns were a public health threat as serious as smoking and in the years since, medical researchers have linked sleep disorders with many life-threatening diseases. Even though more than 70 million Americans have a sleeping problem, most cases go undiagnosed and untreated, so the true economic and sociological damage caused by these disorders is unknown although, the economic cost is conservatively estimated to be billions of dollars a year in healthcare costs and lost productivity. Breathing problems during sleep represent by far the greatest proportion of sleep disorders and cause the most concern, with studies showing that between 50% and 80% of stroke and heart failure patients have breathing problems during sleep.E. Scientific studies have found that children who are identified as snorers or those who have poorsleeping patterns at around the age of four or five, scored lower than average in Intelligence Quotient (IQ) tests, not only during the sleep deprivation period but subsequent to that. There are also suggestions that ongoing sleep deprivation in adults can cause permanent damage. F. Teenagers can have peculiar sleep requirements. It has always been known that adolescents spend more time sleeping than adults, but science has only recently isolated the reasons for this. Research now shows that growth hormones are secreted during slow-wave sleep and teenagers do indeed, need more of this kind of sleep than at any other stage in their lives. Chronic lack of sleep among teenagers means that as a group they are more likely to use stimulants and experience negative mood swings. Statistics also indicate that young drivers are responsible for more than one-half of fall- asleep crashes. G. However, it is not just young people who pay the price for lack of proper sleep. Workers are robbing themselves of sleep in order to increase productivity in both their social and working lives. In recent years, however, the identification of driver fatigue as the possible cause of 1/3 of all accidents provides some indication of the price we are paying for such a trade-off. Extensive scientific research indicates that chronic tiredness has been the cause of environmental disasters, nuclear mishaps and several well-documented near misses in the air. Scientists are beginning to argue that the lengthening of the working day is harming workers, their families and society. In the long run, productivity will suffer. H. As a reaction against this disturbing trend, there has been increased support for regulation of the number of hours worked by employees in demanding jobs, such as doctors, nurses, pilots, bus drivers and truck drivers. Legislation is being drafted to limit work hours, thus forcing companies to become instrumental in changing work cultures to ensure employees are getting enough rest and leisure time in order to avoid chronic tiredness and its devastating consequences.14．The SCNA．is regulated by the hypothalamus.B．is affected by fading light.C．is located in the brain.D．tells the body it is time for sleep.正确答案：C15．Scientists’ involvement with sleep researchA．is driven by the potential of monetary gains to be made.B．is a recent trend.C．has been advanced with technological developments.D．has relied on observations and assumptions about sleep being made.正确答案：C16．Sleeping disorders areA．linked to fatal diseases and conditions.B．one of the main causes of strokes and heart failure.C．common in babies.D．unusual but can be life-threatening.正确答案：A17．Look at the following statements (Questions 17-19). Indicate: TRUE if the statement agrees with information in the passage FALSE if the statement contradicts information in the passage NOT if the information is not given in the passage. Write your answers in boxes 17-19 on your Answer Sheet.Sleep deprivation can affect intellectual performance in adults. ______正确答案：NOT GIVEN18．Longer working hours have resulted in productivity increases. ______正确答案：NOT GIVEN19．Companies have to be more active in preventing accidents caused by human factors. ______正确答案：真20．Choose the statement (I-X) below that best summarises each paragraph (A-H) in Reading Passage 2. Write your answers in boxes 20-27 on your Answer Sheet. NOTE: there are more statements than paragraphs so you will not use them all.LIST OF SUMMARY STATEMENTS I The negative effects of chronic sleep deprivation have tragic consequences. II There are many advantages to getting sufficient sleep. III Current medical research maintains that sleep is critical to early development. IV Technological advances contributed significantly to sleep research. V Efforts are being made to decrease the incidence of work-related accidents and disasters. VI Sleep problems affect a significant percentage of the population and have far-reaching consequences. VII Lack of the right kind of sleep can affect behaviour. VIII Physiological changes occur to create sleep. IX Sleep has an important function in our daily lives. X The electroencephalogram revolutionised sleep research. Paragraph A ______正确答案：IX21．Paragraph B ______正确答案：VIII22．Paragraph C ______正确答案：IV23．Paragraph D ______正确答案：VI24．Paragraph E ______正确答案：III25．Paragraph F ______正确答案：VII26．Paragraph G ______正确答案：I27．Paragraph H ______正确答案：VSALINISATION Salinisation (the accumulation of salts in soil) is one of today’s worst environmental disasters and yet it does not share the global spotlight with other ecological issues. Considering the threat that salinisation poses to nearly all irrigated drylands and the consequential impact on traditional agriculture, such lagging public awareness is, at the very least, disconcerting. Reports indicate that between 2.5 and 6 million hectares of land are affected by salinisation and unless precautionary and remedial measures are implemented, economic and environmental repercussions will be inevitable. Contributing ecological factors such as soil-type, climate, rainfall and topography make some lands more vulnerable to the salinisation process. However, the vast majority of land degraded through salinisation can be directly linked to human activity, whether it be destroying natural vegetation and bushlands to clear the land for farms, over-irrigation of cultivated land and/or poor farming practices. Countries like Australia are beginning to see the devastation of increasing salinity levels after a relatively short period of introduced European farming methods.Salts such as sodium chloride and calcium sulphates, occur naturally in many soils and waterways. When the concentration of salt levels (salinity) in soil becomes too high, plant growth is adversely affected and the soil structure can be damaged. Nature dealt reasonably successfully with salinity levels in Australia prior to European settlement. Natural vegetation, including perennial grasses anddeep-rooted trees, ensured that salts were dissolved as rainwater slowly filtered down through the soil. Salt was moved downward and remained in the groundwater below the root zone of the plants. The fibrous root structure of those native plants, acted as an effective filter with their high water-holding capacity. Some rainwater was held by the roots and some rainwater leached downwards through the soil carrying the dissolved salts. Groundwater transpired back into the air through the foliage of the native plants. As Europeans introduced traditional forms of agriculture and cleared large areas of land for grazing in the 1800s, much of the native vegetation in Australia was replaced by generally shallow-rooted annual crops and pastures, substantially changing the natural process that had been working well. These crops and pastures use less water than original native vegetation and the roots do not have the same water-holding capacity. With the introduction of these crops, more rainwater and irrigated water makes its way downwards through the soil to below the root-zone. The water still carries the dissolved salts downwards past the root-zone but the amount and level of groundwater is increased. In addition, because the roots of these crops do not hold as much water, the water is drawn back up from the groundwater later, as the plant needs moisture. We see then that the amount and level of groundwater increases because of an increase in the amount of water being put into the soil and not being held in fibrous root structures like that of native vegetation. This causes the water table to rise, bringing dissolved salts with it that eventually reach the surface of the soil. Water is then evaporated from the surface leaving high concentrations of salts behind. This is the process of salinisation. Soils with high salinity levels occur naturally in Australia but these were mostly confined to particular coastal and sub-coastal areas. Over the past 200 years, the total area affected by salinisation has expanded and has now spread to inland areas. Groundwater salts that have been accumulating over thousands of years are now rising to the surface. When this groundwater enters the root zone of the cultivated plants which are naturally not salt tolerant, the plants die. The effects are not limited to the particular cleared site where soil becomes unsuitable for plant production. Salty groundwater can travel along the natural contours of the land into other agricultural areas, creating salty discharge sites quite some distance from the recharge zone. Native aquatic and land-based habitats are now at risk, threatening the biological diversity in Australia. It is therefore necessary for groundwater and surface run-off water to be dealt with. Land managers or farmers do not have to wait until crops die to recognize that salinity levels are out of control. Declining yields in crop production, sick or dying trees around the property or the appearance of salt-tolerant species all serve as a warning that salinity levels have increased. If these signs are ignored and the lands become degraded, combating salinity will become expensive and time-consuming. One current practice is to replant trees in an effort to draw the water table down and slow the salinisation process but this alone will be inadequate. Investigations are also being made into planting salt-tolerant crops and pastures whilst building up and preserving native species and remnant bushland areas. More effective techniques to counteract the drainage problems in the form of drainage canals are also being canvassed. These hope to achieve a balance between the volume of water entering the soil in therecharge zone and the volume of water that leaves as discharge. The key to fighting salinity is through long-term management practices on agricultural land that recognize the importance of the role that native vegetation plays in keeping water balance in the soil. These practices will need to consider agricultural requirements along with land and water care i.e. balancing economic development with environmental protection. Moreover, a public awareness campaign with government-funded incentives must make it clear that current farming practices in at-Ask landscapes are not sustainable and cannot be tolerated. GLOSSARY salinisation - the build-up of concentrations of salt levels within the soil groundwater - water that is held in the soil water table - the level of groundwater transpiration - the loss of water through the leaves of plants Complete the summary below. Choose words and phrases from the box below the summary and write your answers in boxes 28-35 on your Answer Sheet. Note: use each word or phrase ONCE only.28．Many people are unaware of the【28】to land that salinity is causing in countries like Australia. Salinity has many causes, including【29】and short-sighted farming strategies like over-irrigation. Even though salts are present in many soils and waterways, native plants【30】to ensure that salt remained in the groundwater, under the root zones. Introduced or exotic species of plants with their different needs and plant structure, allow more【31】into the soil, causing the【32】to rise. Because salts cannot be evaporated, as they rise with the groundwater and reach the【33】the high level of salts cause salinisation. The resultant rising salt levels can have detrimental effects on all biological groups not only at the【34】. If we do not take note of the【35】the costs involved in repairing the salt damage will be considerable. land clearing recharge zone warning signs had evaporated salinity level European had recharged trees had adapted water table surface farming difficulties habitats government water rainwater degradation air正确答案：degradation29．*正确答案：land clearing30．*正确答案：had adapted31．*正确答案：water32．*正确答案：water table33．*正确答案：surface34．*正确答案：recharge zone35．*正确答案：warning signs36．Look at the following statements (Questions 36-40). Indicate: YES if the statement agrees with information in the passage NO if the statement contradicts information in the passage NOT GIVEN if the information is not given in the passage. Write your answers in boxes 36-40 on your Answer Sheet.If non-native crops held more water in their roots, the level of groundwater would not increase______正确答案：NO37．Coastal land is now less habitable as a result of salinisation ______正确答案：NOT GIVEN38．Where the water table has risen, groundwater may seep into the soil surface at discharge areas. ______正确答案：YES39．Re-planting native vegetation would stop the water table rising andeliminate salts in soils. ______正确答案：NO40．All of the suggested remediation practices in the passage aim to re-balance the amount of water in the soil. ______正确答案：YES。

农业灾害研究 2023,13(12)花卉种植中巧用昆虫防治害虫的对策分析唐 倩，申明达永州职业技术学院，湖南永州 425000摘要 花卉种植在改善生态环境方面具有一定的价值。

在花卉种植的过程中，花农应做到有效防治害虫，从而确保花卉健康生长，提高采收品质。

在一般的花卉种植模式下，花农往往会采取传统化学防治手段，尽管可取得一定的成效，但长期持续进行化学防治不仅会对花卉产生毒害，还会对生态环境造成污染。

“以虫防虫”的物理防治方式是一种安全性更高、环保性更强的害虫防治措施。

从“以虫防虫”的概念出发，分析了花卉种植中巧用昆虫防治害虫的优势和具体内容。

关键词 花卉种植；昆虫；防治害虫；对策中图分类号：S436.8 文献标识码：B 文章编号：2095–3305(2023)12–0043-03古人有云“水陆草木之花，可爱者甚蕃”，鲜花之于人是一种生活调味剂，美化的不仅仅是环境，更重要的还有心情。

在现代快节奏城市生活中，人们通过种植不同花卉来装饰城市街道、景观公园，布置办公和居家环境，是人们追求环境品质与精神生活的体现，同时也进一步扩大了我国花卉种植产业的良性发展。

花卉种植是一项专业技术活。

在花卉生长的过程中，几乎不可避免地会受到病虫害的侵扰，从而影响花卉的产量和品质，并给花农带来一定的经济损失。

因此，在花卉种植过程中有效防治害虫害十分重要。

1 花卉种植中“以虫防虫”的概念当前我国花卉种植品类繁多，对症的病虫害问题也存在差异性，常见的病虫包括蚜虫、红蜘蛛、蜗牛、白粉病、炭疽病、锈病、立枯病、叶螨类等，多达近20种，可对花卉的幼苗、根部、枝叶、花蕊、果实等造成不同程度的影响，导致花卉无法健康生长，甚至可能导致花卉死亡[1]。

随着花卉种植技术的不断提高，花卉病虫害防治手段也越来越丰富。

其中，“以虫防虫”的物理防治方式在广大花农中得到了一定的青睐。

“以虫养虫”即通过实践引入、释放与保护花卉生长过程中病虫害的天敌昆虫，借力于昆虫对害虫的有效制衡作用，减少使用除虫药剂对花卉种植环境所带来的不良影响，继而将危害控制在最小可接受范围内，以此确保可获得较好的经济和生态效益。

消灭虫族的英语作文Title: Eradicating the Zerg Menace。

The Zerg, a relentless and formidable foe, present an unparalleled challenge to the very existence of humanity. With their overwhelming numbers and adaptive biology, they have become a scourge upon the galaxy, leaving devastation in their wake. However, through unity, innovation, and unwavering determination, we can rise to the occasion and eradicate this existential threat.First and foremost, comprehensive research into Zerg biology and behavior is imperative. Understanding their strengths, weaknesses, and patterns of behavior is essential for devising effective strategies for their extermination. Scientists and military strategists must collaborate closely to analyze Zerg specimens, study their hive structures, and decipher their communication mechanisms.Simultaneously, the development of advanced weaponry and technology tailored specifically to combat the Zerg menace is crucial. From advanced energy weapons to genetic engineering, our arsenal must evolve to match the adaptability of the Zerg. Robotics and artificial intelligence can also play a pivotal role in supplementing human forces, providing both firepower and strategicinsight on the battlefield.Furthermore, diplomatic efforts must be undertaken to forge alliances with other sentient species who share our plight against the Zerg. Cooperation on intelligence sharing, resource allocation, and joint military operations can significantly enhance our collective ability to confront and defeat the Zerg threat. United, we stand a far greater chance of turning the tide in our favor.On the battlefield, tactics must be dynamic and flexible, capable of swiftly adapting to the ever-changing nature of Zerg assaults. Guerrilla warfare, hit-and-run tactics, and coordinated strikes on vulnerable Zerg targets can disrupt their advance and weaken their grip on occupiedterritories. Additionally, targeted strikes on key Zerg leaders and infrastructure can sow chaos within their ranks and undermine their ability to coordinate large-scale offensives.Moreover, the fortification of human colonies and outposts is essential to withstand Zerg incursions and protect civilian populations. Strategic placement of defensive structures, such as bunkers, turrets, and energy shields, can buy precious time for reinforcements to arrive and repel Zerg assaults. Investing in early warning systems and evacuation protocols can also minimize casualties and preserve human lives in the face of Zerg aggression.Beyond the battlefield, psychological warfare can be employed to undermine Zerg morale and sow dissent among their ranks. Propaganda campaigns highlighting the atrocities committed by the Zerg and showcasing human resilience and solidarity can weaken the resolve of Zerg forces and inspire defections among their ranks. By exploiting divisions within the Zerg hierarchy and appealing to the innate desire for freedom and self-preservation, we can fracture their unity and hasten their downfall.In conclusion, the eradication of the Zerg menace requires a multifaceted approach encompassing scientific research, technological innovation, diplomatic cooperation, tactical ingenuity, defensive fortification, and psychological warfare. Only by harnessing the collective strength of humanity and its allies can we hope to overcome this existential threat and secure a future free from the shadow of the Zerg.。