Classroom Management in Tertiary Level： Problems and Suggested Solutions

课堂管理英文作文英文：Classroom management is an important aspect of teaching. As a teacher, I believe that a well-managed classroom is essential for effective learning. One of the most important things to consider when managing a classroom isestablishing clear rules and expectations. This can be accomplished by creating a classroom contract or agreement with the students at the beginning of the school year.Another important aspect of classroom management is creating a positive and supportive learning environment. This can be achieved by fostering positive relationshipswith students and encouraging them to respect one another. Additionally, using positive reinforcement such as praise and rewards can also help to create a positive classroom environment.It is also important to be consistent with discipline.When a rule is broken, it is important to follow through with consequences that were established at the beginning of the school year. This helps to create a sense of fairness and consistency in the classroom.Finally, I believe that communication is key when it comes to classroom management. It is important to communicate with students, parents, and other teachers to ensure that everyone is on the same page. This can include regular parent-teacher conferences, newsletters, and open communication channels for students to express their concerns.中文：课堂管理是教学的重要方面。

班里管理制度作文英语标题，Classroom Management System。

In the contemporary educational landscape, the establishment of a well-structured classroom management system is paramount to foster an environment conducive to learning and growth. A robust management system not only ensures discipline but also cultivates a sense of responsibility, respect, and cooperation among students. Drawing inspiration from various sources, including the most downloaded samples online, this essay endeavors to explore the elements of an effective classroom management system while providing insights into its implementation and benefits.Introduction。

Classroom management is a multifaceted concept that encompasses various strategies, policies, and practices aimed at maintaining order, promoting engagement, andfostering a positive learning atmosphere within the classroom. At its core, effective classroom management is about creating an environment where both educators and students can thrive academically, socially, and emotionally.The Importance of Classroom Management。

英语课堂调控小妙招Effective classroom management is a crucial aspect of successful language instruction. As an English teacher, maintaining control and engagement in the classroom can be a constant challenge, but there are various small tips and techniques that can make a significant difference. In this essay, we will explore some practical strategies for controlling the English classroom and ensuring optimal learning outcomes for students.Firstly, establishing clear expectations and routines is essential. At the beginning of the course or term, it is important to clearly communicate your expectations regarding student behavior, participation, and classroom policies. This could include rules about punctuality, use of electronic devices, and appropriate classroom conduct. By setting these boundaries from the outset, you can minimize disruptions and foster a productive learning environment.Alongside clear expectations, implementing consistent routines can greatly contribute to classroom control. Having a predictable structure for the lessons, such as a warm-up activity, review ofprevious content, introduction of new material, and a concluding activity, can help students feel at ease and engaged throughout the class. Moreover, establishing specific procedures for common classroom activities, such as distributing materials or transitioning between tasks, can streamline the flow of the lesson and minimize wasted time.Another effective strategy for controlling the English classroom is the strategic use of questioning techniques. Skillful questioning can not only assess student understanding but also maintain their attention and involvement. Asking a variety of question types, from simple recall questions to more complex, open-ended questions, can keep students on their toes and actively participating. Additionally, employing techniques such as "cold calling," where you randomly select students to respond, can ensure that all learners remain attentive and engaged.Effective classroom management also involves the strategic positioning of the teacher within the classroom. By moving around the room and maintaining a physical presence near potentially disruptive students, you can discourage off-task behavior and reinforce your authority. Additionally, making eye contact with students and actively monitoring the class can help you quickly identify and address any emerging issues.Maintaining a positive and engaging teaching style is another crucial element of classroom control. Incorporating a variety of instructional methods, such as group work, pair activities, and individual tasks, can cater to different learning styles and keep students motivated. Additionally, infusing your lessons with enthusiasm, humor, and relevant examples can help capture and sustain student interest, making them less likely to become distracted or disruptive.Effective classroom management also requires the ability to respond promptly and appropriately to disruptive behavior. When faced with challenging situations, it is important to address the issue calmly and firmly, without escalating the situation. This may involve a private conversation with the disruptive student, the use of logical consequences, or the implementation of a behavior management plan. By addressing problems swiftly and consistently, you can maintain control and prevent minor issues from escalating.Finally, building positive relationships with students is a powerful tool for classroom control. By taking the time to learn about your students' interests, backgrounds, and learning preferences, you can create an environment of mutual respect and trust. This, in turn, can foster greater student engagement and cooperation, as they are more likely to be motivated to please a teacher they connect with.In conclusion, effectively controlling the English classroom involves amultifaceted approach. By establishing clear expectations, implementing consistent routines, utilizing strategic questioning techniques, maintaining a positive teaching presence, responding appropriately to disruptive behavior, and building positive relationships with students, teachers can create a learning environment that is conducive to language acquisition and skill development. While classroom management may present ongoing challenges, the implementation of these small tips and techniques can make a significant difference in the overall success and enjoyment of the English language learning experience.。

教学管理能力的英语作文Teaching management is crucial in ensuring a smooth and effective learning environment. It involves various aspects that contribute to the overall success of the teaching process. Here are some key points to consider:1. Classroom discipline: Maintaining discipline in the classroom is essential for a productive learning environment. Teachers should establish clear rules and expectations from the beginning. They should also be consistent in enforcing these rules and addressing any disruptive behavior promptly.2. Lesson planning: Effective lesson planning is essential for delivering engaging and organized lessons. Teachers should consider the learning objectives, the students' needs and abilities, as well as the resources available. This will help ensure that the lessons are well-structured and cater to the diverse learning styles of the students.3. Differentiation: Recognizing that students have different learning styles and abilities is crucial for effective teaching management. Teachers should adapt their teaching methods and materials to meet the individual needs of the students. This can involve using a variety of instructional strategies, providing additional support or challenges, and offering alternative assessments.4. Classroom management: Creating a positive and inclusive classroom environment is important for effective teaching management. Teachers should foster a sense of community and respect among students, encourage active participation, and provide opportunities for collaboration and peer learning. This can help create a supportive and engaging atmosphere that enhances the learning experience.5. Assessment and feedback: Regular assessment and feedback are essential for monitoring student progress and identifying areas for improvement. Teachers should use a variety of assessment methods, such as quizzes, projects, and presentations, to evaluate student learning. Providingtimely and constructive feedback can help students understand their strengths and weaknesses and guide them towards further improvement.6. Communication: Effective communication is key in teaching management. Teachers should establish open lines of communication with students, parents, and colleagues. This can involve regular parent-teacher meetings, newsletters, and online platforms for sharing information and updates. Good communication can help build trust and collaboration, leading to a more effective teaching and learning process.In conclusion, teaching management encompasses various aspects that contribute to the overall success of the teaching process. By maintaining discipline, planning engaging lessons, differentiating instruction, creating a positive classroom environment, providing regular assessment and feedback, and fostering effective communication, teachers can ensure a productive and enriching learning experience for their students.。

Classroom Management1 Definition of Classroom ManagementClassroom Management is the way teachers organize what goes on in the classroom. It contributes directly to the efficiency of teaching and learning. Good managerial skills on the part of teacher are a very essential component of good teaching. The goal of classroom management is to create an atmosphere and set an appropriate condition in which teaching and learning can take place in meaningful ways. Efficient classroom management can be achieved when the following conditions are met, such as, classroom environment, teacher and students’appropriate roles, suitable students grouping for the learning activities, and discipline in the class, etc. Understanding these factors can help teachers to be more effective in the process of teaching.2 Components and functions of Classroom Management2.1 Classroom environmentThe classroom is a vehicle for getting students to study. Teachers can expertly manage and organize a safe and relax classroom environment in which students can contribute in a positive and productive way. They strategically place furniture, displays, fixed elements and location of materials in order to optimize students learning and reduce distractions. Effective teachers are skillful in decorating the room with student work, arranging the furniture to promote interaction among students and teacher, and setting comfortable areas for working. And they also consider student needs in arranging the classroom.2.2 Teacher rolesIt is well known, in China, teachers play an indispensable role in classroom management. According to new curriculum, teachers’rolesare not static but more flexible. Below are comments on the different roles that teachers play in the language classroom.●ControllerThe role of controller is helpful during the accurate reproduction stage (eg. Make announcements, reintroduce order, give explanations, lead a question and answer session), and especially during lockstep activities. He determines not only what the students do, but also when they should speak and what language forms they should use. He can predict virtually all student responses because he maps out everything ahead of time, and he leaves no space for tangents.●OrganizerThe main aim of the teacher as an organizer is to inform the students what they are going to discuss, write or read about, give clear instructions, keep the activity going, and then organize feedback at the end of the activity.●AssessorAccording to Harmer (2003, P59), as an assessor, the teacher does two things: correcting mistakes and organizing feedback. When correcting mistakes, the teacher should be sensitive to the students’ possible reactions. Feedback includes not only correcting students, but also offering them an assessment of how well they have done.●PrompterThe teacher should always encourage students to participate or to give the appropriate prompts or suggestions about how they may perform in an activity, where silence occurs or when they are in confusion of what to do next. Teacher needs to do it sensitively and encouragingly, with discretion.●ParticipantAfter the teacher giving instructions, besides monitoring the class, he might join simulations as a participant, and sometimes he himself plays a role rather than stand in frontof the classroom without doing anything. The teacher should not dominate or appear to be authoritative.●Resource-providerWhen teachers are acting as a resource they will want to be helpful and available so that students can consult them when they wish, but at the same time they have to resist the urge to spoon-feed students so that the students become over-reliant on teachers.●FacilitatorTeacher should function as a helper to students’learning rather than simply transmitting knowledge. As a facilitator, the teacher should create a positive learning environment, use various strategies to motivate learners, guide them in planning and assessing their own learning and develop their learning strategies.●TutorThis is the role the teacher adopts where students are involved in their own work andcall upon the teacher mainly for advice and guidance. For example, the teacher can help students by pointing out errors in rough drafts, offering advice about how to get the most out of their learning and what to do if they want to study more.●ResearcherTeachers themselves will want to develop their own skills and hope for a gradually deepening insight into the best ways to foster language learning. The best way to do this is by investigating what is going on, observing what works well in class and what does not, trying out new techniques and activities and evaluating their appropriacy.●PsychologistTeacher should treat each student equally so that the students receive a sense of security and produce cooperation.2.3 Learner rolesNowadays learners are becoming the main body of classroom teaching, which putthe learners at the center. In the learner-centered classroom, teachers ask learners to contribute to the overall design of course content and the selection of learning procedures, to the language learning activities, and to a greater degree of responsibility for their own successful learning. That is to say, it involves the giving over of some “power”in the language learning process to the learners themselves. It also strives to allow for personal creativity and input from the students, as well as taking into account their learning needs and objectives. Davies & Pearse claim that at different times, the learners need to do the following things.●The learners need to attend to information given to them, imitate the teacher’s models, and try to do exactly as indicated.●The learners need to volunteer original ideas and ask relevant questions.●The learners need to work with other learners, solving problems cooperatively.The learners need to work independently in class or at home, taking full responsibility for their own performance and learning.2.4 Types of student groupingsAn important feature of language classroom is that students do not always study as one big group. Setting students up will serve to make monitoring the class a more efficient process for the teacher. Diversity is a common feature of class groupings in language classroom due to the variety of backgrounds and cultures. The most common student groupings are lockstep, pair work, group work and individual study. We will briefly discuss their relative disadvantages and disadvantages.2.4.1 LockstepIt is the class grouping where all the students are working with the teacher, where all the students are ‘locked into’the same rhythm and pace, the same activity. The accurate reproduction stage usually takes placein lockstep.Advantages:●It reinforces a sense of belongingamong a group of members. When students are doing the same activity together, everyone feels being together with others.●It is good for teachers to giveinstruction and explanation together and it is an ideal way to show materials and do presentations together.Disadvantages:●E veryone is forced to do the same thingat the same time and at the same pace.Individuality is not favored in this sense.●N ot everyone has the opportunity toexpress what they want.●S ome students feel nervous and anxiouswhen they are asked to present in front ofclass.●I t favors the transmission of knowledgefrom teacher to students rather thanstudents discovering things bythemselves.●I t is not a good way to enhance realcommunication. Students can notcommunicate with each other in thissense.2.4.2 Pair workIt is a way of increasing student participation and language use (using language that had just been presented) and an extension of controlled drilling, question and answer practice, information gap exercises, practicing a learnt dialogue, simulations etc. It is important to remember that the type of pair work the teacher will organize depends on the type of activity the class is working with.Advantages:●It dramatically increases students’speaking time in each class.●It allows students to work together ratherthan under teachers’ guidance.●It allows teachers’ time to work with theweak pairs while others are working on their own.●It can promote cooperation between students.●It can create a more relaxed and friendly context for students to learn.●It is relatively quick and easy to organize. Disadvantages:●It is often very noisy and teachers are afraid of losing control of the class.●Some students may talk in native language or something not related to the topic. It is not very easy for teacher to monitor every pair.●Some students may not like to work with peers, and they think they can only learn from their teachers. So they refuse to participate in the activities.●The choice of pair is also a problem. Some students don’t like to work with a particular partner while someone may dominate all the time.2.4.3 Group workGroup work is more dynamic than pair work. There is a greater possibility of discussion and a greater chance that at least one member of the group will be able to solve a problem when it arises and working in groups is potentially more relaxing. To do this type of activity the students must be sufficiently prepared to be able to work entirely by themselves. It is suitable for intermediate level and upwards and is task-oriented.Advantages:●Like pair work, it dramatically increasesthe amount of talk of individual students.●There is always a great chance ofdifferent opinions and contributions to thework.●It also encourages cooperation andnegotiation skills among students.●It promotes learner autonomy by allowingstudents to make their own decisionsrather than follow the teachers. Disadvantages:●Like pair work, it is likely to make the classroom very noisy and some teachers feel very uncomfortable with the noise.●Not everyone enjoys the work since many of them prefer to work with teachers rather than peers.●Some students may dominate the talk while others may be very passive or every quiet all the time.●It is difficult for teachers to organize. It may take a longer time to group students and there may be not enough space for students fo move around in classroom.●Some groups may finish the task fast while some may be very slow. So teachers need to prepare the optional activities for the quick group and be ready to help the slower ones all the time.2.4.4 Individual studyIndividual study is the stage whenstudents are expected to work on their own at their own pace. Individual study often involves activities such as silent reading, doing written exercises, writing something down individually after brainstorming in a group, or individual speech preparations, etc.Advantages:●It allows students free time, style andpace to study on their own.●It is less stressful compared with wholeclass work.●It can develop learner autonomy and formgood learning habits.●It can create some peaceful and quiet timein class.Disadvantages:●It does not help a class to develop a senseof belonging. Students learn by themselves and it does not promote teamspirit.●It may not be very motivating forstudents.●It does not benefit communicationbetween students. Students can notdevelop speaking ability in this sense.●Teachers need to prepare different tasksfor different students.2.5 Classroom disciplineDiscipline refers to a code of conduction which binds a teacher and students together so that learning can be more effective. Discipline is often discussed together with classroom management, but it doesn’t mean a series of punishment meted out to badly-behaved students. In other words, it is to prevent students’improper behavior rather than cure. Now we will examine the causes of indiscipline classroom and propose some techniques to ensure an efficient and disciplined class.2.5.1 Causes of indiscipline classroom●The teacher:1) Going to school unpreparedA well-prepared teacher knows what hisfuture class will be like; he is confident with what and how he will inform the class. Students automatically identify teachers who are not sure what to do in the classroom.2) Being inconsistentOnce the code of conduct is established, the teacher has to be consistent with it. Otherwise the students will lose respect for it.3) Issuing threatsThreats are often a sign of weakness though sometimes they can intimate the student to stop making troubles. It will be worse that no action is carried out after the threats are issued.4) V oice deliveryGood voice delivery is one of the first requirements of good teaching. It is unnecessary for a teacher to have a loud voice, but clearly he needs to be audible by all the students in the classroom. The teacher should keep a flow to his/her language as natural as possible.5) Giving boring classes6) Being unfairMost teachers have students that they like or dislike more than others, but the teacher should always try to avoid showing these preferences and prejudices in the classroom, otherwise it will cause negative attitude towards the teacher among the students.7) Negative attitude to learningEvery student wants to gain recognition from the teacher. A teacher should care and be sensitive to the students’reactions to what is happening in the classroom.8) Breaking the code of conduct himselfThe teacher should behave in a way which is approved of, otherwise the code of conduct will be destroyed.The student1) Time of dayThere is a relation between the attitude of the students and the class time of day. For example, early morning classes may causestudents to be sleepy. The teacher must take such factors into account when planning the classes.2) The student’s attitudeWhen a student starts with a negative attitude, many problems will arise. A lot depends on how the student views the class, the teacher, and the subject being learnt.3) A desire to be noticedIt is generally accepted that adolescence is a difficult time and that young adolescents often need to be noticed or have a desire to be recognized in some way. Sometimes it is improper to see such behavior as wicked and punish it harshly.4) Two’s companyTwo students being disruptive together is far more effective than one. They may encourage each other in their anti-social behavior and gradually influence the whole group. Action in such cases has to be taken fairly rapidly, and much can be achieved ifstudents are reseated, if the troublemakers are separated, and if particularly disruptive students are made to sit in the front.2.5.2 Techniques for better classroom discipline●FocusingBe sure you have the attention of everyone in your classroom before you start your lesson. It means that you will wait and not start until everyone has settled down. Then they begin their lesson using a quieter voice than normal.●Direct instructionUncertainty increases the level of excitement in the classroom. The technique of direct instruction is to begin each class by telling the students exactly what will be happening. The teacher outlines what he and the students will be doing this period. He may set time limits for some tasks.●MonitoringThe key to this principle is to circulate.Get up and get around the room. While your students are working, make the rounds. Check on their progress.●ModelingTeachers who are courteous, prompt, enthusiastic, in control, patient and organized provide examples for their students through their own behavior. If you want students to use quiet voices in your classroom while they work, you too will use a quiet voice as you move through the room helping youngsters.●Environmental controlA classroom can be a warm cheery place. Students enjoy an environment that changes periodically. Young people like to know about you and your interests. A family picture or a few items from a hobby or collection on your desk will trigger personal conversation with your students. As they get to know you better, you will see fewer problems with discipline. ●Positive disciplineUse classroom rules that describe thebehavior you want instead of listing things the students cannot do. Instead of “no-running in the room”, use “move through the building in an orderly manner”; Instead of “no fighting”, use “settle conflicts appropriately”. Make ample use of praise.●Be consistentOne of the worst things you can do as a teacher is to not enforce your rules consistently. If one day you ignore misbehaviors and the next day you jump on someone for the smallest infraction, your students will quickly lose respect for you. Moodiness is not allowed.●Make rules understandableYou need to be selective in your rules (no one can follow 180 rules consistently). You also need to make them clear. Students should understand what is and what is not acceptable. Further, you should make sure that the consequences for breaking your rules are also clear and known beforehand.3 Students’ practiceTask 1 The following are things that teachers often do in a language classroom. Please decide what role(s) the teacher is playing in each activity.1.T: Do you have any hobbies?S: Yes, I like travelling.T: Uhm, and …?S: I also like collecting stamps.T: Oh, really, how many stamps have you already collected?2.T he teacher gives students 3 minutes to skima text, and when time is up, he / she asks students to stop and answer some questions.3.T he teacher asks students to take turns to make sentences with a newly learned structure. If someone makes an error, the teacher asks him or her to revise.4.W hile doing a writing task either individually or in groups, the students need to use a particular word they don’t know. So the teacher walk around the students to offerhelp when needed.5.W hen a student has made a sentence with borrow,“I borrowed a paper to write a letter”, the teacher says, “Well, don’t say a paper, we say a piece of paper.”6.T he teacher writes one of five numbers (1---4) on a number of cards (the same number as the students). Each student draws one card. Those who have drawn number 1 will form group 1, and those who have drawn number 2 will form group 2. Thus the students are put into four groups in a random way.7.W hen students are doing a group-work task, the teacher joins one or two groups for a short period of time.8.T he teacher asks students to produce conversations by using particular patterns or expressions they have just learned.Task 2 Please discuss the following questions:1.W hen to adopt lockstep? Are there anyfactors teachers should consider?2.H ow much time do you think should be devoted to pair work and group work? And why?3.D o you think individual study is important or not, why?Task 3 Read through the following hints for teachers in classroom discipline, discuss which ideas are more practical and offer your reasons. (Penny Ur. 2000:263)1.S tart by being firm with students: you canrelax later.2.G et silence before you start speaking to theclass.3.K now and use the students’ names.4.P repare lessons thoroughly and structurethem firmly.5.B e mobile: walk around the class.6.S tart the lesson with a “bang”and sustaininterest and curiosity.7.S peak clearly.8.M ake sure your instructions are clear.9.H ave extra materials prepared.10.Look at the class when speaking, and learn how to “scan”.11.Make work appropriate (to pupils’age, ability, cultural background).12.Develop an effective questioning technique.13.Develop the art of timing your lesson to fit the available period.14.Vary your teaching techniques.15.Anticipate discipline problems and act quickly.16.Avoid confrontations.17.Clarify fixed rules and standards, and be consistent in applying them.18.Show yourself as supporter and helper to the students.19.Don’t patronize students; treat them with respect.e humor constructively.21.Choose topics and tasks that will activate students.22.Be warm and friendly to the students.。

课堂管理英文作文Classroom management is an essential aspect of teaching. It involves creating a positive and productive learning environment for students. This can be achieved throughclear communication, consistent expectations, and fair consequences for misbehavior.One effective strategy for classroom management is establishing and communicating clear expectations for behavior. This can include rules for participation, respect for others, and consequences for breaking the rules. By setting clear expectations, students know what is expectedof them and can work towards meeting those expectations.Another important aspect of classroom management is building positive relationships with students. This can be done through getting to know students on a personal level, showing interest in their lives, and providing support when needed. Building these positive relationships can help to create a sense of community in the classroom and can leadto better behavior and engagement.Consistency is also key in classroom management. Teachers should be consistent in their expectations and consequences for misbehavior. This can help to create a sense of fairness and predictability for students, which can lead to better behavior and a more positive learning environment.In addition to these strategies, it's important for teachers to be proactive in their approach to classroom management. This can involve addressing potential issues before they escalate, providing clear and consistent feedback, and seeking support from colleagues or administrators when needed.Overall, effective classroom management is essentialfor creating a positive and productive learning environment for students. By setting clear expectations, building positive relationships, being consistent, and being proactive, teachers can create a classroom where students feel safe, supported, and engaged in their learning.。

Classroom Management Challenges Common to MostESL / EFL Settings∙Classroom Management Challenge: Students find it difficult to participate because they don't want to make a mistake.Classroom Management Tips:∙Give examples in (one of) the native languages of the students. You're sure to make some mistakes, and use this as an example of willingness to make mistakes. Thisclassroom management technique should be used with care because some students might wonder at your own language learning capabilities.∙Break students up into smaller groups rather than conducting discussions as a large group. This approach can lead to more classroom management issues if the classes are large - use with care!Classroom Management Challenge: Students insist on translating every word.Classroom Management Tips:∙Take a text with some nonsense words. Use this text to illustrate how you can discern general meaning without having to exactly know each and every word.∙Conduct some consciousness raising about the importance of context to language learning. You can also discuss how babies absorb language over time.Classroom Management Challenge: Students insist on being corrected for each and every mistake.Classroom Management Tips:∙Establish a policy of correcting only those mistakes that are relevant to the current lesson. In other words, if you are studying the present perfect in that particular lesson, you will only correct mistakes made in present perfect usage.∙Establish a policy of certain activities which are correction free. This needs to be a class rule so that students don't begin correcting each other. In this case, you'll have another classroom management issue on your hands.Classroom Management Challenge: Students have varying levels of commitment.Classroom Management Tips:∙Discuss course objectives, expectations and homework policies at the beginning of each new class. Adult learners who feel this is too demanding can make their objections known during this discussion.∙Do not go back and repeat information from previous lessons for individuals. If you need to do review, make sure that the review is done as a class activity with theobjective of helping the entire class.Adult English Classes - Learners Speaking the Same Language∙Classroom Management Challenge: Students speak in their own language during class.Classroom Management Tips:∙Use a donation jar. Each time a student speaks a phrase in his / her own language, they contribute to the fund. Later, the class can go out together using the money.∙Give students some of their own medicine and shortly instruct in another language.Make a point of the distraction this causes in class.Classroom Management Challenge: Students insist on translating each phrase into their own tongue.Classroom Management Tips:∙Remind students that translating places a third 'person' in the way. Instead of communicating directly, each time you translate into your own language you need to go through a third party in your head. There is no way you can keep up a conversation for any length of time using this technique.∙Take a text with some nonsense words. Use this text to illustrate how you can discern general meaning without having to exactly know each and every word.∙Conduct some consciousness raising about the importance of context to language learning. You can also discuss how babies absorb language over time.ROOM ARRANGEMENTWhile good room arrangement is not a guarantee of goodbehavior, poor planning in this area can create conditions thatlead to problems.The teacher must be able to observe all students at all timesand to monitor work and behavior. The teacher should also beable to see the door from his or her desk.Frequently used areas of the room and traffic lanes should beunobstructed and easily accessible.Students should be able to see the teacher and presentationarea without undue turning or movement.Commonly used classroom materials, e.g., books, attendancepads, absence permits, and student reference materials shouldbe readily available.Some degree of decoration will help add to the attractivenessof the room.SETTING EXPECTATIONS FOR BEHAVIOR*Teachers should identify expectations for student behavior and communicate those expectations to students periodically.* Rules and procedures are the most common explicit expectations. A small number of general rules that emphasize appropriate behavior may be helpful. Rules should be posted in the classroom. Compliance with the rules should be monitored constantly.* Do not develop classroom rules you are unwilling to enforce.* School-Wide Regulations...particularly safety procedures...should be explained carefully.* Because desirable student behavior may vary depending on the activity, explicit expectations for the following procedures are helpful in creating a smoothly functioning classroom:- Beginning and ending the period, including attendance procedures and what students may or may not do during these times.- Use of materials and equipment such as the pencil sharpener, storage areas, supplies, and special equipment.- Teacher-Led Instruction- Seatwork- How students are to answer questions - for example, no student answer will be recognized unless he raises his hand and is called upon to answer by the teacher.- Independent group work such as laboratory activities or smaller group projects.Remember, good discipline is much more likely to occur if the classroom setting and activities are structured or arranged to enhance cooperative behavior.MANAGING STUDENT ACADEMIC WORK* Effective teacher-led instruction is free of:- Ambiguous and vague terms- Unclear sequencing- Interruptions* Students must be held accountable for their work.* The focus is on academic tasks and learning as the central purpose of student effort, rather than on good behavior for its own sake.MANAGING INAPPROPRIATE BEHAVIOR* Address instruction and assignments to challenge academic achievement while continuing to assure individual student success.* Most inappropriate behavior in classrooms that is not seriously disruptive and can be managed by relatively simple procedures that prevent escalation.* Effective classroom managers practice skills that minimize misbehavior.* Monitor students carefully and frequently so that misbehavior is detected early before it involves many students or becomes a serious disruption.* Act to stop inappropriate behavior so as not to interrupt the instructional activity or to call excessive attention to the student by practicing the following unobstructive strategies:- Moving close to the offending student or students, making eye contact and giving a nonverbal signal to stop the offensive behavior.- Calling a student's name or giving a short verbal instruction to stop behavior.- Redirecting the student to appropriate behavior by stating what the student should be doing; citing the applicable procedure or rule.Example: "Please, look at the overhead projector and read the first line with me, I need to see everyone's eyes looking here."- More serious, disruptive behaviors such as fighting, continuous interruption of lessons, possession of drugs and stealing require direct action according to school board rule.Assertive Discipline has been used by many schools, and is an effective way to manage behavior. Find out more by clicking here.PROMOTING APPROPRIATE USE OF CONSEQUENCES* In classrooms, the most prevalent positive consequences are intrinsic student satisfaction resulting from success, accomplishment, good grades, social approval and recognition.* Students must be aware of the connection between tasks and grades.* Frequent use of punishment is associated with poor classroom management and generally should be avoided.* When used, negative consequences or punishment should be related logically to the misbehavior.* Milder punishments are often as effective as more intense forms and do not arouse as much negative emotion.* Misbehavior is less likely to recur if a student makes a commitment to avoid the action and to engage in more desirable alternative behaviors.* Consistency in the application of consequences is the key factor in classroom management.GUIDELINES FOR EFFECTIVE PRAISE(Applies primarily to praise associated with instruction and student performance)In searching the Internet, I occasionally come upon sites that have very useful information about classroom management. Often, a simple checklist is an invaluable tool. Here are a few links that I think have helpful information:/webpages/terri/classmanagement.html/ld_indepth/teaching_techniques/class_manage.html/lesson-plans/lesson-9154.html/ClassManagement.htm/preservice/learning/management.shtml/how-to/manage//030000.shtml/how-to/manage/tattling100600.html/030001.shtml。

课堂管理英文作文6英文：Classroom management is a crucial aspect of teaching. It is the foundation of a successful learning environment. As a teacher, I believe that effective classroom management is essential to promote a positive and productive learning environment.One of the key strategies for classroom management is establishing clear expectations and rules. This can be achieved by setting guidelines for behavior and communicating them to the students. When students know what is expected of them, they are more likely to behave appropriately.Another important aspect of classroom management is building positive relationships with students. This can be done by showing interest in their lives and engaging with them on a personal level. When students feel valued andrespected, they are more likely to be invested in their learning.Additionally, it is important to differentiate instruction to meet the needs of all students. This can be done by providing a variety of activities and assessments that cater to different learning styles and abilities. When students feel challenged and supported, they are morelikely to be engaged in their learning.Overall, effective classroom management is essential to create a positive and productive learning environment. By setting clear expectations, building positive relationships, and differentiating instruction, teachers can create a classroom that promotes academic success and personal growth.中文：课堂管理是教学的关键方面。

有关教学管理能力的英语作文Teaching management is a crucial skill in today's educational environment. It involves not just planning and organizing, but also motivating students and leading a team of educators.When it comes to planning, a good teaching manager knows how to balance curricular needs with the individual needs of students. They create lesson plans that are engaging and relevant, while still meeting the standards set by the school or district.Organization is another key aspect. A skilled teaching manager keeps track of assignments, assessments, and student progress. They ensure that resources are allocated effectively and that the classroom environment is conducive to learning.But teaching management isn't just about paperwork and schedules. It's also about motivating students. A goodteaching manager knows how to inspire students to reach their potential. They encourage them to take risks, ask questions, and explore new ideas.Leading a team of educators is another responsibility of a teaching manager. They need to foster a collaborative and supportive environment where teachers can share ideas, seek feedback, and grow professionally. A strong teaching manager is a role model for their team, demonstrating a commitment to excellence in education.In conclusion, teaching management is a multifaceted skill that requires a blend of planning, organization, motivation, and leadership. A teacher who possesses these qualities is able to create a dynamic and engaging learning environment for their students.。

tertiary secondary 级别Tertiary and Secondary Education Levels: An OverviewIntroductionEducation plays a crucial role in the development of individuals and societies. It equips individuals with the necessary knowledge and skills to lead productive lives and contribute to the growth and progress of their communities. Tertiary and secondary education are two important levels of education that prepare individuals for different stages of their lives. In this article, we will explore the characteristics, goals, and significance of tertiary and secondary education levels.Secondary EducationSecondary education, also known as high school education, is the level of education that follows primary education and precedes tertiary education. It typically caters to students between the ages of 12 and 18. The primary goal of secondary education is to provide students with a well-rounded education that prepares them for higher education or entry into the workforce.The curriculum of secondary education varies from country to country, but it generally includes core subjects such as mathematics, science, social sciences, language arts, and physical education. In addition to these core subjects, secondary education often offers elective courses that allow students to explore their interests and talents. For example, students may have the option to take courses in music, art, foreign languages, or technology.Secondary education not only focuses on academic subjects but also helps students develop essential life skills. It encourages critical thinking, problem-solving, effective communication, and teamwork. Moreover, secondary education often provides opportunities for students to engage in extracurricular activities such as sports, clubs, and community service, which contribute to their personal and social development.Tertiary EducationTertiary education, also known as higher education, follows secondary education and typically refers to education at the university or college level. It is designed to provide students with specialized knowledge and skills in specific fields of study. Tertiary education is typically pursued by individuals who have completed their secondary education and wish to further their academic or professional qualifications.Tertiary education offers a wide range of degree programs, including bachelor's, master's, and doctoral degrees. The curriculum of tertiary education is more focused and specialized compared to secondary education. Students choose a specific field of study, such as engineering, business, medicine, or humanities, and take courses related to their chosen field. The emphasis is on in-depth knowledge, research, critical analysis, and practical application of knowledge.One of the primary goals of tertiary education is to prepare students for careers in their chosen fields. Tertiary education equips students with the necessary knowledge and skills to enter the workforce and pursue successful careers. It provides opportunities for internships, work placements, and practical experiences, which help students gain hands-on experience and enhance their employability.Another important aspect of tertiary education is research. Universities and colleges often have research programs and facilities where students and faculty members engage in cutting-edge research and innovation. Tertiary education fosters a culture of intellectual curiosity, inquiry, and discovery, contributing to scientific, technological, and societal advancements.Significance of Tertiary and Secondary EducationBoth tertiary and secondary education levels play a crucial role in individual and societal development. Secondary education provides a foundation of knowledge and skills necessary for further education or employment. It prepares individuals to be active and responsible citizens, capable of making informed decisions and contributing to society.Tertiary education, on the other hand, provides specialized knowledge and skills, enabling individuals to pursue their career aspirations and make meaningful contributions to their respective fields. It promotes personal and intellectual growth, encourages critical thinking, and nurtures creativity and innovation. Tertiary education also contributes to economic development, as it produces a skilled workforce and fosters research and innovation.ConclusionIn conclusion, tertiary and secondary education levels are two important stages of education that play distinct roles in preparing individuals for their future. Secondary education provides a well-rounded education, equipping students with essential knowledge and skills, while tertiary education offers specialized knowledge and skills in specific fields. Both levels are crucial for personal growth, societal development, and economic progress.。