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Test for Unit 9(时间120分钟,满分120分)听力部分(20分)Ⅰ.听句子,选择最佳应答语。
(5分)()1.A.Sure,I'd love to.B.No,thanks.C.Yes,I do. ()2.A.I visited my friend. B.Sorry,I won't. C.I'm not sure. ()3.A.Sorry.Maybe another time.B.Yes,that's right. C.Where is it?()4.A.8 a.m. B.Tuesday the 2nd. C.In May.()5.A.He does. B.He will. C.He is.Ⅱ.听对话,选择最佳答案。
(5分)()6.When will David come back?A.Today. B.Tomorrow.C.The day after tomorrow.()7.Why can't Jack go to play basketball?A.He is tired. B.He is busy. C.He is lazy.()8.What didn't Jeff do yesterday?A.He didn't go to Linda's party.B.He didn't watch a movie.C.He didn't watch TV.()9.What did Alice do yesterday morning?A.She listened to music at home.B.She did her homework at school.C.She stayed with her friends.()10.What sport will they play this afternoon?A.Pingpong. B.Tennis. C.Soccer.Ⅲ.听长对话,选择正确答案。
LISTENING SECTION 1 Questions 1-10Questions 1-5Complete the table below.Write ONE WORD AND/OR A NUMBER for each answer.Questions 6-10Complete the table below.Write ONE WORK AND/OR A NUMBER for each answer.SECTION 2 Questions 11-20Questions 11-13Choose the correct letter, A, B or C.Winridge Forest Railway Park11Simon’s idea for a theme park came fromA his childhood hobby.B his interest in landscape design.C his visit to another park.12 When they started, the family decided to open the park only whenA the weather was expected to be good.B the children weren’t at school.C there were fewer farming commitments.13 Since opening, the park has hadA 50,000 visitors.B 1,000,000 visitors.C 1,500,000 visitors.Questions 14-18What is currently the main area of work of each of the following people? Choose FIVE answers from the box and write the correct letter, A-H, next to questions 14-18.People14 Simon (the speaker) _______15 Liz _______16 Sarah _______17 Duncan _______18 Judith _______Questions 19 and 20Complete the table below.Write ONE WORK AND/OR NUMBERS for each answer.SECTION 3 Question 21-30Complete the notes below.Write NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS AND/OR A NUMBER for each answer.Study Skills Tutorial-Caroline Benning Dissertation topic: the 21______Strengths: ●22______● computer modelingWeaknesses: ● lack of background information● poor 23 ______ skillsRecommendations: ● use a card index● Read all notes 29 ______Next tutorial date: 30 ______ JanuarySECTION 4 Questions 31-40Questions 31 and 32Choose the correct letter, A, B or C.31 The owners of the underground houseA had no experience of living in a rural area.B were interested in environmental issues.C wanted a professional project manager.32 What does the speaker say about the site of the house?A The land was quite cheap.B Stone was being extracted nearby.C It was in a completely unspoilt area.Questions 33-40Complete the notes below.Write ONE WORD AND/OR A NUMBER for each answer.The Underground HouseDesignBuilt in the earth, with two floorsThe south-facing side was constructed of two layers of 33______ Photovoltaic tiles were attachedA layer of foam was used to improve the 34 ______ of the building Special featuresTo increase the light, the building has many internal mirrors and 35 ______In future, the house may produce more 36 ______ than it needsRecycled wood was used for the 37 ______ of the houseThe system for processing domestic 38 ______ is organic Environmental issuesThe use of large quantities of 39 ______ in construction wasenvironmentally harmfulBut the house will have paid its ‘environmental debt’ within 40 ______READINGREADING PASSAGE 1You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 1-13, which are based on Reading Passage 1 below.Attitudes to languageIt is not easy to be systematic and objective about language study. Popular linguistic debate regularly deteriorates into invective and polemic. Language belongs to everyone, so most people feel they have a right to hold an opinion about it. And when opinions differ, emotions can run high. Arguments can start as easily over minor points of usage as over major policies of linguistic education.Language, moreover, is a very public behaviour, so it is easy for different usages to be noted and criticized. No part of society or social behaviour is exempt: linguistic factors influence how we judge personality, intelligence, social status, educational standards, job aptitude, and many other areas of identity and social survival. As a result, it is easy to hurt, and to be hurt, when language use is unfeelingly attacked.In its most general sense, prescriptivism is the view that one variety of language has an inherently higher value than others, and that this ought to be imposed on the whole of the speech community. The view is propounded especially in relation to grammar and vocabulary, and frequently with reference to pronunciation. The variety which is favoured, in this account, is usually a version of the ‘standard’ written language, especially as encountered in literature, or in the formal spoken language which most closely reflects this style. Adherents to this variety are said to speak or writ e ‘correctly’; deviations from it are said to be ‘incorrect’.All the main languages have been studied prescriptively, especially in the 18th century approach to the writing of grammars and dictionaries. The aims of these early grammarians were threefold: (a) they wanted to codify the principles of their languages, to show that there was a system beneath the apparent chaos of usage, (b) they wanted a means of settling disputes over usage, and (c) they wanted to point out what they felt to be common errors, in order to ‘improve’ the language. The authoritarian nature of theapproach is best characterized by its reliance on ‘rules’ of grammar. Some usages are ‘prescribed’, to be learnt and followed accurately; others are ‘proscribed’, to be avoided. In this ea rly period, there were no half-measures: usage was either right or wrong, and it was the task of the grammarian not simply to record alternatives, but to pronounce judgement upon them.These attitudes are still with us, and they motivate a widespread concern that linguistic standards should be maintained. Nevertheless, there is an alternative point of view that is concerned less with standards than with the facts of linguistic usage. This approach is summarized in the statement that it is the task of the grammarian to describe, not prescribe-to record the facts of linguistic diversity, and not to attempt the impossible tasks of evaluating language variation or halting language change. In the second half of the 18th century, we already find advocates of this view, such as Joseph Priestley, whose Rudiments of English Grammar (1761) insists that‘the custom of speaking is the original and only just standard of any language’. Linguistic issue, it is argued, cannot be solved by logic and legislation. And this view has become the tenet of the modern linguistic approach to grammatical analysis.In our own time, the opposition between ‘descriptivists’ and‘prescriptivists’ has often become extreme, with both sides painting unreal pictures of the other. Descriptive grammarians have been presented as people who do not care about standards, because of the way they see all forms of usage as equally valid. Prescriptive grammarians have been presented as blind adherents to a historical tradition. The opposition has even been presented in quasi-political terms — of radical liberalism vs elitist conservatism.Questions 1-8Do the following statements agree with the claims of the writer in Reading Passage 1?In boxes 1-8 on your answer sheet, writeYES if the statement agrees with the claims of the writer NO if the statement contradicts the claims of the writer NOT GIVEN if it is impossible to say what the writer thinks about this1 There are understandable reasons why arguments occur about language.2 People feel more strongly about language education than about smalldifferences in language usage.3Our assessment of a person’s intelligence is affected by the way he or she uses language.4 Prescriptive grammar books cost a lot of money to buy in the 18th century.5 Prescriptivism still exists today.6 According to descriptivists it is pointless to try to stop language change.7 Descriptivism only appeared after the 18th century.8 Both descriptivists and prescriptivists have been misrepresented. Questions 9-12Complete the summary using the list of words, A-I, below.Write the correct letter, A-I, in boxes 9-12 on your answer sheet.The language debateAccording to 9______, there is only one correct form of language. Linguists who take this approach to language place great importance on grammatical 10 ______.Conversely, the view of 11 ______, such as Joseph Priestly, is that grammar should be based on 12 ______.Question 13Choose the correct letter, A, B, C or D.Write the correct letter in box 13 on your answer sheet.What is the writer’s purpose in Reading Passage 1?A.to argue in favour of a particular approach to writing dictionaries andgrammar booksB.to present a historical account of differing views of languageC.to describe the differences between spoken and written languageD.to show how a certain view of language has been discreditedREADING PASSAGE 2You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 14-26, which are based on Reading Passage 2 below.Tidal PowerUndersea turbines which produce electricity from the tides are set to become an important source of renewable energy for Britain. It is still too early to predict the extent of the impact they may have, but all the signs are that they will play a significant role in the futureA.Operating on the same principle as wind turbines, the power in seaturbines comes from tidal currents which turn blades similar to ships’ propellers, but, unlike wind, the tides are predictable and the power input is constant. The technology raises the PROSPECT of Britainbecoming self-sufficient in renewable energy and drastically reducing its carbon dioxide emissions. If tide, wind and wave power are alldeveloped, Britain would be able to close gas, coal and nuclear power plants and export renewable power to other parts of Europe. Unlike wind power, which Britain originally developed and then abandoned for 20years allowing the Dutch to make it a major industry, undersea turbines could become a big export earner to island nations such as Japan and New Zealand.B.Tidal sites have already been identified that will produce one sixth ormore of the UK’s power-and at prices competitive with modern gasturbines and undercutting those of the already ailing nuclear industry.One site alone, the Pentland Firth, between Orkney and mainlandScotland, could produce 10% of the country’s electricity with banks of turbines under the sea, and another at Alderney in the Channel Islandsthree times the 1,200 megawatts of Britain’s largest and new estnuclear plant, Sizewell B, in Suffolk. Other sites identified include the Bristol Channel and the west coast of Scotland, particularly the channel between Campbeltown and Northern Ireland.C.Work on designs for the new turbine blades and sites are will advanceat the University of Southampton’s sustainable energy research group.The first station is expected to be installed off Lynmouth in Devonshortly to test the technology in a venture jointly funded by thedepartment of Trade and Industry and the European Union. AbuBakr Bahaj, in charge of the Southampton research, said: ‘The prospects for energy from tidal currents are far better than from wind because the flows of water are predictable and constant. The technology for dealing with the hostile saline environment under the sea has been developed in theNorth Sea oil industry and much is already known about turbine blade design, because of wind power and ship propellers. There are a fewtechnical difficulties, but I believe in the next five to ten years we will be installing commercial marine turbine farms.’ Southampton has been awarded £215,000 over three years to develop the turbines and is working with Marine Current Turbines, a subsidiary of IT power, on the Lynmouth project. EU research has now identified 106 potential sites for tidal power, 80% round the coasts of Britain. The best sites are between islands or around heavily indented coasts where there arestrong tidal currents.D. A marine turbine blade needs to be only one third of the size of windgenerator to produce three times as much power. The blades will beabout 20 metres in diameter, so around 30 metres of water is required.Unlike wind power, there are unlikely to be environmental objections.Fish and other creatures are though unlikely to be at risk from therelatively slow-turning blades. Each turbine will be mounted on a tower which will connect to the national power supply grid via underwatercables. The towers will stick out of the water and be lit, to warnshipping, and also be designed to be lifted out of the water formaintenance and to clean seaweed from the blades.E.Dr Bahaj has done most work on the Alderney site, where there arepowerful currents. The single undersea turbine farm would produce far more power than needed for the Channel Islands and most would be fed into the French Grid and be re-imported into Britain via the cableunder the Channel.F.One technical difficulty is cavitation, where low pressure behind aturning blade causes air bubbles. These can cause vibration and damage the blades of the turbines. Dr Bahaj said: ‘We have to test a number of blade types to avoid this happening or at least make sure it does not damage the turbines or reduce performance. Another slight concern is submerged debris floating into the blades. So far we do not know how much of a problem it might be. We will have to make the turbines robust because the sea is a hostile environment, but all the signs that we can do it are good.’Questions 14-17Reading Passage 2 has six paragraphs, A-F.Which paragraph contains the following information?Write the correct letter, A-F, in boxes 14-17 on your answer sheet.NB You may use any letter more than once.14 the location of the first test site15 a way of bringing the power produced on one site back into Britain16 a reference to a previous attempt by Britain to find an alternativesource of energy17 mention of the possibility of applying technology from anotherindustryQuestions 18-22Choose FIVE letters, A-J.Write the correct letters in boxes 18-22 on your answer sheet.Which FIVE of the following claims about tidal power are made by the writer?Questions 23-26Label the diagram below.Choose NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS from the passage for each answer.Write your answers in boxes 23-26 on your answer sheet.An Undersea TurbineWhole tower can be raised for 23 ______ and the extraction of seaweed from the bladesSea life not in danger due to the fact that blades are comparatively 24______Air bubbles result from the 25 ______ behind blades. This is known as 26______READING PASSAGE 3You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 27-40, which are based on Reading Passage 3 below.Information theory-the big ideaInformation theory lies at the heart of everything-from DVD players and the genetic code of DNA to the physics of the universe at its most fundamental. It has been central to the development of the science of communication, which enables data to be sent electronically and has therefore had a major impact on our livesA.In April 2002 an event took place which demonstrated one of the manyapplications of information theory. The space probe, Voyager I,Launched in 1997, had sent back spectacular images of Jupiter andSaturn and then soared out of the Solar System on a one-way mission to the stars. After 25 years of exposure to the freezing temperatures of deep space, the probe was beginning to show its age. Sensors andcircuits were on the brink of failing and NASA expers realized thatthey had to do something or lose contact with their probe forever. The solution was to get a message to Voyager I to instruct it to use spares to change the failing parts. With the probe 12 billion kilometers from Earth, this was not an easy task. By means of a radio dish belonging to NASA’s Deep Space Network, the message was sent out into the depths of space. Even travelling at the speed of light, it took over 11 hours to reach its target, far beyond the orbit of Pluto. Yet, incredibly, the little probe managed to hear the faint call from its home planet, and successfully made the switchover.B.It was the longest-distance repair job in history, and a triumph forthe NASA engineers. But it also highlighted the astonishing power of the techniqu4es developed by American communications engineer Claude Shannon, who had died just a year earlier. Born in 1916 in Petoskey, Michigan, Shannon showed an early talent for maths and for buildinggadgets, and made breakthroughs in the foundations of computertechnology when still a student. While at Bell Laboratories, Shannon developed information theory, but shunned the resulting acclaim. In the 1940s, he single-handedly created an entire science of communication which has since inveigled its way into a host of applications, fromDVDs to satellite communications to bar codes-any area, in short, where data has to be conveyed rapidly yet accurately.C.This all seems light years away from the down-to-earth uses Shannonoriginally had for his work, which began when he was a 22-year-oldgraduate engineering student at the prestigious Massachusetts Institute of Technology in 1939. He set out with an apparently simple aim: to pin down the precise mean ing of the concept of ‘information’. The mostbasic form of information, Shannon argued, is whether something is true of false —which can be captured in the binary unit, or ‘bit’, ofthe form 1 or 0. Having identified this fundamental unit, Shannon set about defining otherwise vague ideas about information and how totransmit it from place to place. In the process he discovered something surprising: it is always possible to guarantee information will getthrough random interference —‘noise’— intact.D.Noise usually means unwanted sounds which interfere with genuineinformation. Information theory generalizes this idea via theorems that capture the effects of noise with mathematical precision. In particular, Shannon showed that noise sets a limit on the rate at which information can pass along communication channels while remaining error-free. This rate depends on the relative strengths of the signal and noisetravelling down the communication channel, and on its capacity (its‘bandwidth’). The resulting limi t, given in units of bits per second, is the absolute maximum rate of error-free communication given singal strength and noise leve. The trick, Shannon showed, is to find ways of packaging up —‘coding’— information to cope with the ravages ofnoise, while staying within the information-carrying capacity —‘bandwidth’— of the communication system being used.E.Over the years scientists have devised many such coding methods, andthey have proved crucial in many technological feat. The Voyagerspacecraft transmitted data using codes which added one extra bit forevery single bit of information; the result was an error rate of just one bit in 10,000-and stunningly clear pictures of the planets. Other codes have become part of everyday life-such as the Universal Product Code, or bar code, which uses a simple error-detecting system thatensures supermarket check-out lasers can read the price even on, say, a crumpled bag of crisps. As recently as 1993, engineers made a majorbreakthrough by discovering so-called turbo codes-which come very close to Shannon’s ultimate limit for the maximum rate that data can betransmitted reliable, and now play a key role in the mobile videophone revolution.F.Shannon also laid the foundations of more efficient ways of storinginformati on, by stripping out superfluous (‘redundant’) bits fromdata which contributed little real information. As mobile phone text messages like ‘I CN C U’ show, it is often possible to leave out a lot of data without losing much meaning. As with error correcting,however, there’s a limit beyond which messages become too ambiguous.Shannon showed how to calculate this limit, opening the way to thedesign of compression methods that cram maximum information into the minimum space.Questions 27-32Reading Passage 3 has six paragraphs, A-F.Which paragraph contains the following information?Write the correct letter, A-F, in boxes 27-32 on your answer sheet.27 an explanation of the factors affecting the transmission of information28 an example of how unnecessary information can be omitted29 a reference to Shannon’s attitude to fame30 details of a machine capable of interpreting incomplete information31 a detailed account of an incident involving information theory32 a reference to what Shannon initially intended to achieve in his researchQuestions 33-37Complete the notes below.Choose NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS form the passage for each answer.Write your answers in boxes 33-37 on your answer sheet.The Voyager 1 Space ProbeThe probe transmitted pictures of both 33______ and ______, then left the 34 ______.The freezing temperatures were found to have a negative effect on parts of the space probe.Scientists feared that both the 35 ______ and ______ were about to stop working.The only hope was to tell the probe to replace them with 36 ______ —but distance made communication with the probe difficult.A 37 ______ was used to transmit the message at the speed of light.The message was picked up by the probe and the switchover took place. Questions 38-40Do the following statements agree with the information given in Reading PassGE 3?In boxes 38-40 on your answer sheet, writeTRUE if the statement agrees with the informationFALSE if the statement contradicts the informationNOT GIVEN if there is no information on this38 The concept of describing something as true or false was thestarting point for Shannon in his attempts to send message overdistances.39 The amount of information that can be sent in a given time period isdetermined with reference to the signal strength and noise level.40 Products have now been developed which can convey more informationthan Shannon had anticipated as possible.WRITINGWRITING TASK1You should spend about 20 minutes on this task.Write at least 150 words.WRITING TASK2You should spend about 40 minutes on this task.Write about the following topic:Some people say that the best way to improve public health is by increasing the number of sports facilities. Others, however, say that this would have little effect on public health and that other measures are requires.Discuss both these views and give your own opinion.Give reasons for you answer and include any relevant examples from your own knowledge or experience.Write at least 250 words.SPEAKINGPART 1The examiner asks the candidate about him/herself, his/her home, work or studies and other familiar topics.EXAMPLETelephoningHow often do you make telephone calls? [Why/Why not?]Who do you spend most time talking to on the telephone?[Why?]When do you think you’ll next make a telephone call?[Why?]Do you sometimes prefer to send a text message instead of telephoning?[Why/Why not?]PART 2Describe a journey [. by car, plane, boat] that you remember well.You should say:where you wenthow you travelledwhy you went on the journeyand explain why you remember this journey well.topic for one to two minutes.You have one minute to think about what you are going to say.You can make some notes to help you if you wish.PART 3Discussion topics:Reasons for daily travelExample questions:Why do people need to travel every day?What problems can people have when they are on their daily journey, for example to work or school? Why is this?Some people say that daily journeys like these will not be so common in the future. Do you agree or disagree? Why?Benefits of international travelExample questions:What do you think people can learn from travelling to other countries? Why? Can travel make a positive difference to the economy of a country? How?Do you think a society can benefit if its members have experience of travelling to other countries? In what ways?。
Model Test N i n ePart I Writing (30minutes)Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay. Suppose you have two ways to learn about other countries: one is to travel abroad and the other to obtain the information online. You are to make a choice. Write an essay to explain the reasons for your choice. You should write at least120 words but no more than 180 words.Part II Listening Comprehension (25 minutes)Section AQuestions 1 and 2 are based on the news report you have just heard.1.A) Because the storm had cut power to them.B)Because the roads to them had been flooded.C)Because there might be mud slides.D)Because there might be tsunami.2.A) It is expected to last until Saturday afternoon.B)It has caused over 300 traffic deaths.C)It is the strongest one in years.D)It will be at its strongest on Saturday afternoon.Questions 3 and 4 are based on the news report you have just heard.3.A) A car crash. B) A bushfire. C) A burglary. D) A terrorist attack.4.A) More than 15 homes had moved our.B)More than 50 homes had joined the fight.C)They had not had the fire under control yet.D)They had found a way to put out the fire.Questions 5 to 7 are based on the news report you have just heard.5.A) They are useful in terms of security but have rusted.B)They are useful in terms of security but not beautiful.C)They are no longer strong enough to protect the tower.D)They are no longer needed as a photo spot.6.A) It is the most visited monument in the world.B)It is totally free of charge for visiting.C)The entry to the forecourt of the tower is free.D)The entry to the forecourt of the tower will be charged.7.A) Less visitor entrances. C) Ornamental lights.B)More security guards. D) Better elevators.Section BQuestions 8 to 11 are based on the conversation you have just heard.8.A) He played tennis for his high school team.B)He played football for his high school team.C)He played tennis starting from his junior year.D)He played tennis starting from his senior year.9.A) Tennis. B) Basketball. C) Golf. D) Volleyball.10.A) Because he has a lot in common with the woman.B)Because he thinks the woman is a good player.C)Because his team lacks girl players.D)Because his team can learn a lot from the woman.11.A) Join the man to watch a match. B) Visit a new stadium with the man.C) Watch the man play in a match. D) Join the man to play in a match. Questions 12 to 15 are based on the conversation you have just heard.12.A) An interview between a customer and a shopping a ssistant.B)An interview between an airport staff and a passenger.C)A conversation between two working staff about the airport’s future improvement.D)A conversation between an air-hostess and a passenger about the inflight meal service.13.A) Because many people want to stay in shape.B)Because he wants to take every chance to improve his health.C)Because many people are tired after long flights.D)Because massaging will be a good way to kill time.14.A) Seasonal ones. B) Fresh ones. C) Local ones. D) Juicy ones.15.A) Disappointing. B) Satisfying. C) Outdated. D) Lovely.Section CQuestions 16 to 18 are based on the passage you have just heard.16.A) Because the planets are the same size as Earth.B)Because the planets are similar in many aspects to Earth.C)Because the planets are capable of supporting life.D)Because the planets have water on their surface.17.A) They are rocky planets . B) They are gaseous like Jupiter.C) They are covered by water. D) They are covered by sea ice.18.A) Because it has the right temperature and enough greenhouse gases.B)Because it has the right amount of water and enough greenhouse gases.C)Because it has the right atmosphere and enough greenhouse gases.D)Because it has the right gravity and enough greenhouse gases.Questions 19 to 21 are based on the passage you have just heard.19.A) They should be widely used in the field of social services.B)They should be blamed for the increasing unemployment.C)They should be taxed the same amount as the people they replace.D)They should be taxed more than the ordinary people.20.A) They will surely face massive unemployment.B)They will need less income tax to spend.C)They will have less income tax to spend.D)They will have no need to cope with the changes.21.A) Psychologists. C) Room cleaners.B) Police officers. D) Doctors.Questions 22 to 25 are based on the passage you have just heard.22.A) People who sleep late are smarter and more creative.B)People who sleep late are always late for their jobs.C)People who sleep late are easily irritated.D)People who sleep hate are slow and ineffective in their jobs.23.A) You will feel exhausted all day long. B) You can’t justify your lateness.C) You will be late for your work. D) You can’t find persuasive excuses.I) flexibility J) identical K) informed L) likely M) mistake N) selectively O) shapingA) betterB) competitivelyC) contraryD) curiosityE) evidenceF) explainedG) facilityH) fact24. A) Because they can fully enjoy themselves late at night.B) Because they can fully concentrate their attention late at night.C) Because they can read the most fascinating book late at night.D) Because they can make rapid progress in mentality late at night.25. A) Group intelligence tests. C) Deductive reasoning tests.B) Emotional intelligence tests. D) Inductive reasoning tests.Part Ⅲ Reading Comprehension ( 40 minutes )Section AQuestions 26 to 35 are based on the following passage.Ask a left-wing Briton what they believe about the safety of nuclear power, and you can guess their answer. Ask a right-wing American about the risks posed by climate change, and you can also make a 26 guess than if you didn’t know their politic al affiliation. Issues like these feel like they should be 27 by science, not our political tribes, but sadly, that’s not what happens.Psychology has long shown that education and intelligence won’t stop your politics from 28 your broader worldview, even if those beliefs do not match the hard evidence. Instead ,your ability to weigh up the facts may depend on a less well-recognised trait- 29 .There is now a mountain of 30 to show that politics doesn’t just help predict people’s views on some scientific issues; it also affects how they interpret new information. This is why it is a 31 to think that you can somehow “ correct” people’s views on an issue by giving th em more facts, since study after study has shown that people have a tendency to 32 reject facts that don’t fit with their existing views.But smarter people shouldn’t be susceptible to prejudice swaying their opinions, right? Wrong. Other research shows that people with the most education, highest mathematical abilities, and the strongest tendencies to be reflective about their beliefs are the most 33 to resist information which should contradict their prejudices . This undermines the simplistic assumption that prejudices are the result of too much gut instinct and not enough deep thought. Rather, people who have the 34 for deeper thought about an issue can use those cognitive powers to justify what they already believe and find reasons to dismiss apparently_ 35 evidence.Section BHow to Fix the Internet[A] We have to fix the internet. After 40 years, it has begun to corrode, both itself and us . It is still a marvelous and miraculous invention, but now there are bugs in the foundation, bats in the belfry, and trolls in the basement.[B] I do not mean this to be one of those technophobic rants insulting the interne for rewiring our brains to give us the nervous attention span of Donald Trump on Twitter or pontificating about how we have to log off and smell the flowers. Those worries about new technologies have existed ever since Plato was concerned that the technology of writing would threaten memorization and oratory (演讲术) .I love the interne and all of its digital offshoots. What I feel sad for is its decline.[C]There is a bug in its original design that at first seemed like a feature but has gradually, and now rapidly, been exploited by hackers and trolls and malevolent actors: Its packets are encoded with the address of their destination but not of their authentic origin. With a circuit-switched network, you can track or trace back the origins of the information, but that’s not true with the packet-switched design of the internet.[D]Compounding this was the architecture that Tim Berners-Lee and the inventors of the early browsers created for the World Wide Web. It brilliantly allowed the whole of the earth’s computers to be webbed together and navigated through hyperlinks. But the links were one-way. You knew where the links took you . But if you had a webpage or pi ece of content, you didn’t exactly know who was linking to you or coming to use your content.[E]All of that protected the potential for anonymity. You could make comments anonymously. Go to a webpage anonymously. Consume content anonymously. With a little effort, send email anonymously . And if you figured out a way to get into someone’s servers or databases, you could do it anonymously.[F]For years, the benefits of anonymity on the net outweighed its drawbacks. People felt more free to express themselves, which was especially valuable if they were holding different opinions or hiding a personal secret. This was celebrated in the famous 1993 New Yorker cart oon, “On the Internet, nobody knows you’re a dog.”[G]Now the problem is nobody can tell if you’re a troll. Or a hacker . Or a bot .Or a Macedonian (马其顿的) teenager publishing a story that the Pope has supported Trump . This has poisoned civil discourse, enabled hacking, permitted cyberbullying , and made email a risk.[H]The lack of secure identification and authentication ( 身份认证) inherent in the internet’s genetic code had also prevented easy transactions, obstructed financial inclusion, destroyed the business models of content creators, unleashed the overflow of spam ( 垃圾邮件) ,and forced us to use passwords and two-factor authentication schemes that would have confused Houdini. The trillions being spent and the IQ points of computer science talent being allocated to tackle security issues make it a drag, rather that a spur, to productivity in some sectors.[I]It Pla to’s Republic, we learn the tale of the Ring of Gyges. Put it on , and you’re invisible and anonymous. The question that Plato asks is whether those who put on the ring will be civil and moral. He thinks not, The internet has proven him correct. The web is no longer a place of community, no longer a marketplace. Every day more sites are eliminating comments sections.[J]If we could start from scratch, here’s what I think we would do:Greate a system that enables content producers to negotiate with aggregators ( 整合者) and search engines to get a royalty whenever their content is used, like ASCAP has negotiated for public performances and radio airings of its members’ works. Embed (嵌入) a simple digital wallet and currency for quick and easy small payments for songs, blogs, articles , and whatever other digital content is for sale. Encode emails with an authenticated return or originating address. Enforce critical properties and security at the lowest levels of the system possible, such as in the hardware or in the programming language, instead of leaving it to programmers to incorporate security into every line of code they write. Build chips and machines that update the notion of an internet packet. For those who want, their packets could be encoded or tagged with metadata ( 元数据) that describe what they contain and give the rules for how it can be used.[K]M ost internet engineers think that these reforms are possible, from Vint Cerf, the original TCP/IP coauthor, to Milo Medin of Google, to Howard Shrobe, the director of cybersecurity at MIT. “We don’t need to live in cyber hell,”Shrobe has argued. Implementing them is less a matter of technology than of cost and social will .Some people, understandably, will resist any reduction of anonymity, which they sometimes label privacy.[L]S o the best approach, I think, would be to try to create a voluntary system, for those who want to use it, to have verified identification and authentication. People would not be forced to use such a system. If they wanted to communicate and surf anonymously, they could. But those of us who choose, at times, not to be anonymous and not to deal with people who are anonymous should have that right as well. That’s the way it works in the real world.[M]T he benefits would be many. Easy and secure ways to deal with your finances and medical records. Small payment systems that could reward valued content rather than the current incentive to concentrate on clickbait for advertising. Less hacking, spamming, cyberbullying, trolling, and spewing of anonymous hate . And the possibility of a more civil discourse.36.The one-way hyperlinks enable users to do many things online anonymously.37.Although anonymity can make people conceal their identity online, now it has poisoned their online life.38.To adopt the voluntary system would be advantageous to our online life in a number of aspects.39.There are several ways to reduce anonymity if we can rebuild the internet from the very beginning.40.The author suggested inventing a system to let people go online anonymously or not as they wish.41.The author thinks the internet should be fixed not because he is afraid of new technologies but becauseproblems arise in it.42.Pubic opposition could become one of the biggest obstacles to carrying out the reforms.43.The hazard of anonymity mentioned by Plato has been shown on the internet.44.People used to think that anonymity online did more good than harm.45.It is the design of the internet that makes it impossible to find out where the information comes from. Section CPassage OneQuestions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage.In today’s world, online social media has become more powerful and the most destructive thing over worldwide. Although with time all generations have come to embrace the changes social network has brought about, teenagers and young adults are the most fanatic users of these sites. According to various research studies in the field of online social networks, it has been revealed that these sites are impacting the lives of the youth greatly. When using these sites such as Twitter, Facebook or Myspace, there are both positive and negative effects on the youth.Firstly, social media helps the youth and any other user updated with what is happening around the world, and helps the teenagers stay connected and interact with each other even if they are many miles apart. This strengthens their relationship. Even if they finished school and moved to different locations, they stay connected and update one another.In addition, social media sites have provided a platform whereby the youth can create groups and pages based on their common discipline and end up building connections and opportunities for their respective careers by updating various topics to discuss. Youth who have been interviewed say that social media has become their lifestyle and it makes their lives easier and more efficient.While on the one hand social network sites seem to bring people together and stay connected, on the other hand it causes many physical and mental health problems such as eyes infection, back problems, etc. Other negative effects of social networking various people suggested included encouraging poor spelling and grammar, exposing underage to online predators ( 捕食者) , allowing spread of misinformation that is seen as fact, decreasing productivity as those who are supposed to e working spend time in the sites to chat, providing a perfect platform for cyberbullying and providing details that increase risks of identity theft.“The more social media we have, the more we think we’re connecting, yet we are really disconnecting from each other.”In conclusion, social networking clearly portrays both positive and negative effects on the youth. It is the decision of individuals whether to use it in a right way or wrong.46.According to the first paragraph, .A)both online and offline social media have developed quicklyB)social medial sites are always being attackedC)the effects of social medial were welcomed in the beginningD)the most crazy fans of social medial are the youth47.What is young people’s purpose in adopting the platform offered by social media sites?A. To improve their academic performance.B)To lay the foundation for their future careers.C)To practice their debate skills.D)To change their way of living.48.What does the author mainly imply about the disadvantages of social networking?A)Increasing the prevalence of oral errors. B) Putting minors in danger.C) Spreading falsehoods and rumors. D) Leaki ng users’ personal information.49.The author’s attitude towards social media is .A)objective B) positive C) negative D) impassive50.What’s the main topic of this passage?A)The introduction of online social media history.B)The research on online social media.C)The influence of online social media on the youth.D)The correct way to use online social media.Passage TwoQuestions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage.Cutting toxic levels of city air pollution to safer levels is simple, but not easy-it requires resolve. Yet, despite the key culprit (罪犯) in the UK being well known-diesel (柴油机的) vehicles-the government has been asleep at the wheel for years.Levels of nitrogen dioxide (二氧化氮) have been illegally high across much of the UK since 2010. In 2015 86% of major urban areas broke annual limits. Cutting this pollution means choking off diesel emissions and there is a wide range of effective measures available.Creating zones in city centres where polluting care are either banned or charged is important, while making cities safe for cycling cuts traffic too.Cleaner buses and taxis have an important role to play and change to the perverse taxes that encourage people to buy diesel over cleaner cars is needed. There is also some support for a revival of a scrappage scheme which saw dirty old bangers taken off the road.The environment and transport departments were well aware of all this and proposed many of these measures internally, only for the Treasury to reject most of them, arguing they “ would be political ly very difficult, especially given the impacts on motorists.”Motorists happen to be particularly badly exposed to air pollution, but the real political difficulty for the government is two humiliating legal defeats in two years where judges ruled its air pollution plans were so bad they were illegal.Ministers have now been forced to come up with a third plan, but clean air zones and car tax changes take time to clean up the air. Yet the UK government is also in the slow lane when it comes to emergency measures.When foul air descended on Paris in December, officials there swung into action. Public transport was made free and the number of cars allowed on roads was restricted, alternately barring those with odd and even licence plates. In the UK, during the same December smog, the government sent a few tweets.At the root of the problem are diesel cars, which successive governments across Europe have utterly failed to ensure meet legal emissions limits when driving in real-world conditions on the road. The gaming of regulatory tests by carmakers was blown open by the Volkswagen scandal. The scandal of governments prioritising supposed driver freedom over the lungs and health of their citizens is only now playing out.51.What does the author think of fixing air pollution in the first paragraph?A)It is a piece of cake. B) It needs political will.C) It is the main problem. D) It has a lone way to go.52.The aim of those in favor of a scrappage scheme is .A)to reduce diesel emissions B) to encourage the use of old carsC) to retire low-end old vehicles D) to cut own on traffic accidents53.It can be inferred from the passage that the Treasury .A)was quite clear about the current situation of air pollutionB)opposed almost every proposal about reducing air pollutionC)believed the anti-pollution measures to be unaffordableD)made such objections partly due to the effects on drivers54.Why do the UK ministers have to put forward a third air pollution plan?A)Because drivers are suffering the most from sir pollution.B)Because the first two plans were found illegal by the judges.C)Because long-term solutions are ignored by the government.D)Because emergency measures are falling behind.55.Which of the following measures did the French government take when smog suddenly arrived in December?A)Establishing clean air zones. C) Limiting vehicles based on license plate number.B)Reforming car taxes. D) Posting several announcements on Twitter.Part ⅣTranslation (30 minutes)西汉时期,中国的船队就达到了印度和斯里兰卡(Sri Lanka),用中国的丝绸换取了琉璃(colored glaze)、珍珠等物品。
2020年7⽉27⽇练习题4、5、6、7、8、9、12 /*4、随机⽣成⼀个100以内的整数,猜数字游戏从键盘输⼊数,如果⼤了提⽰,⼤了,如果⼩了,提⽰⼩了,如果对了,就不再猜了,并统计⼀共猜了多少次*/class Test09_Exer4{public static void main(String[] args){//随机⽣成⼀个100以内的整数,[0,100)/*Math.random() -->[0,1)的⼩数Math.random()*100 -->[0,100)的⼩数[0,100)的整数 (int)(Math.random()*100 )*/int randNum = (int)(Math.random()*100);// System.out.println(randNum);//从键盘输⼊数,如果⼤了提⽰,⼤了,如果⼩了,提⽰⼩了,如果对了,就不再猜了,java.util.Scanner input = new java.util.Scanner(System.in);int num;//挪到do{}上⾯,提升作⽤域int count = 0;//统计次数do{System.out.print("猜数(范围[0,100):");num = input.nextInt();count++;//输⼊⼀次,就代表猜⼀次if(num > randNum){System.out.println("⼤了");}else if(num<randNum){System.out.println("⼩了");}}while(num!=randNum);//条件成⽴,重复执⾏循环体语句System.out.println("⼀共猜了:" + count + "次");}}/*循环嵌套:5、输出所有的⽔仙花数,所谓⽔仙花数是指⼀个3位数,其各个位上数字⽴⽅和等于其本⾝。
提升等级 - TEST 9(2)一、完形填空(共10小题;共15分)When personal trainer James O'Driscoll arrives at his gym each morning, he doesn't just to help others lose weight or build muscles. There is something 1 ."I have been working with a man for several years who said that 2 really helped build up his confidence." James understands the importance of developing 3 better than most. At 26, he suddenly lost his sight, which made him unable to work and his life was 4 .James' life 5 when a guide dog came into his life. "We built up trust and respect for each other. The dog helped me return to work and a 6 life."James started as an actor which later required him to get back in shape."I felt that if I could 7 my life through exercise I could help others do the same," he says.Through great 8 , James became the UK's first blind personal trainer four years ago. " 9 , it is not about how heavy you are. Someone says they played football without feeling out of breath 10 they put a dress on for the first time in six years. That is what really matters. It's how you feel inside."1. A. harder B. happierC. more importantD. more interesting2. A. dancing B. training C. talking D. singing3. A. sight B. health C. confidence D. strength4. A. inspired B. expected C. forgotten D. destroyed5. A. changed B. continued C. accepted D. completed6. A. exciting B. social C. busy D. lucky7. A. find out B. build up C. smile at D. turn around8. A. pleasure B. energy C. efforts D. decisions9. A. Finally B. Luckily C. Pleasantly D. Shortly10. A. if B. but C. or D. so二、阅读理解(共20小题;共40分)A11. The play begins at .A. 7:00 p.m.B. 9:00 a.m.C. 7:00 a.m.D. 9:00 p.m.12. The seat number in the passage is .A. 9, Row 6B. 6, Row 9cC. 10, Row 6D. 7, Row 913. If you are late for play, you'd better .A. walk aroundB. call up your friendsC. rush to your seatD. enter the theater quietly14. You should at the theater.A. use cameras and videosB. sell your ticketC. talk with your friends loudlyD. check your seat number15. The underlined word "refund" means " ".A. 入场B. 出场C. 退票D. 购票BPrana was a beautiful dog, whose name means “breath of life”. Although he died several years ago, I can still remember the days we spent together and what he has taught me about love.I have two apple trees in the garden. Prana loved apples. When he went outside, he'd catch an apple and take it into the house to eat later. The apples had been on the ground and were often dirty so I wasn't always happy that Prana had brought them into the house.It was an autumn day in America, but it was very cold. A big snow fell and we had not done anything for its coming. On that special day, Prana went outside and I watched him through the window. I noticed that he was madly digging(挖) holes and bringing the apples to the ground so they could be seen above the snow. I did not know why he was doing this. He seemed to want to do something special.When I called him back, he had his usual one apple in his mouth. About five minutes later, I looked outside. The garden was completely covered with birds. Prana had dug up all those apples for his bird friends to eat. He knew that they wouldn't have stored enough food for the coming winter!16. Prana was .A. the writerB. a boyC. a birdD. a dog17. I wasn't always happy because .A. Prana loved applesB. Prana caught an apple and ate itC. the apples fell on the ground and were dirtyD. Prana brought the dirty apples into the house18. On the snowy day, Prana .A. ate up all the applesB. dug holes to put the apples in themC. brought the apples under the snow to the groundD. left the house and died19. The birds flew to the garden to .A. look for PranaB. eat the applesC. make new homesD. store food for the winter20. The topic of the story is about .A. applesB. animalsC. loveD. lifeCThis is a song millions of Americans will hear this New Year's Eve. It is called Auld Lang Syne (《友谊地久天长》). It is the traditional music played during the New Year's celebration. Auld Lang Syne is an old Scottish poem. It tells about the need to remember old friends.The words "auld lang syne" mean "old long since". No one knows who wrote the poem first. However, a version by Scottish poet Robert Bums was published(出版) in 1796. The words and music we know today first appeared in a songbook three years later.The song is played in the United States mainly on New Year's Eve. The version(译文) you are hearing today is by the Washington Saxophone Quartet. As we end our program with Auld Lang Syne.I would like to wish all our radio friends a very Happy New Year! This is Buddy Thomas.21. This passage is from .A. a newspaperB. a magazineC. a TV programD. a radio program22. is introducing Auld Lang Syne to us.A. Robert BumsB. The Washington Saxophone QuartetC. Buddy ThomasD. The passage doesn't tell us23. From the passage, we know that the song Auld Lang Syne mainly played in the USA .A. On New Year's EveB. On Christmas EveC. On weekendsD. On holidays24. The words and music of Auld Lang Syne we know today first appeared .A. In 1790B. In 1793C. In 1796D. In 179925. The song Auld Lang Syne is about .A. the history of ScotlandB. an old Scottish poetC. the need to remember old friendsD. the wishes to the radio friendsD"When can I get a cell phone?" The answer is when your parents think you need one, though many kids seem to be getting them around age 12 or 13. Some younger kids may have them because their parents see it as a matter of safety and convenience. For example, a kid can call Mom and Dad when sports practice is over. A cell phone can give kids almost instant access (快捷通道) to their parents if something goes wrong or they need help. It can give parents quick access to their kids so they can check on them and make sure they're OK.If you do get a cell phone, make some rules with your parents, such as how many minutes you're allowed to spend on the phone, when you can use your phone, when the phone must be turned off, and what you will do if someone calls you too often, and so on.You'll also have to learn to take care of the phone in your life. Keep it charged(充电) and store it in the safe place so it doesn't get lost. And whatever you do, don't use it in the bathroom. I know someone who dropped his phone in the toilet!26. Parents buy cell phones for their kids when .A. they think it is necessaryB. they think their kids are old enoughC. they have asked the writer for adviceD. they want to follow their kids wherever they are27. The writer of the passage .A. wants to describe how children use cell phonesB. knows nothing about when children can have a cell phoneC. may have done a survey on kids using cell phonesD. has been a teacher for many years28. Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?A. It is too young for kids of 12 or 13 to get a cell phone.B. The writer thinks a cell phone is useful for kids and their parents.C. The writer is against the idea of kids having cell phones.D. Most kids are considering having cell phones.29. Who does write the passage?A. Parents who have bought phones for their kids.B. Someone who does cell phone business.C. A teacher who cares most about school safety.D. Someone who works for children's education.30. Which might NOT be a rule for kids with a cell phone?A. Keep it on all the time.B. Make a call if something goes wrong.C. Don't use it in the bathroom.D. Take care not to lose it.三、阅读与表达(问答式)(共4小题;共8分)Wild animals are important to us. They live together with us on the earth. If there are no animals on the earth, we will not live on, either. So we should take good care of them to help the earth live a healthy life.But some people still don't realize the importance of protecting them. They kill wild animals for food and other things. Every day there are many wild animals being killed. So lots of wild animals have died out. We can't see them anymore. Today the number of wild animals is becoming less and less. If people don't protect them, they will all die out. If this goes on, there will be no animals left on the earth.Luckily many people have begun to realize the importance of protecting wild animals. They ask others to stop killing wild animals. They teach others about the importance of protecting wild animals. Now many countries have made some laws(法律) to protect wild animals and to stop people from killing them.Protecting wild animals is the duty of each of us. We should do our best to protect them because protecting them is protecting ourselves, too.31. Why is the number of wild animals becoming less and less today?32. What does the underlined phrase "die out" mean in Chinese?33. Why have many countries made some laws?34. What do you think we should do to protect wild animals?答案一、完形填空1. C2. B3. C 4 (暂无答案) 5. A6. B7. D8. C9. A 10. C二、阅读理解11 (暂无答案) 12. B 13. D 14. D 15. C16. D 17. D 18. C 19. B 20. C21. D 22. C 23. A 24. D 25. C26. A 27. C 28. B 29. D 30. A三、阅读与表达(问答式)31. Because there are many wild animals being killed every day.32. 灭绝。
剑9Test4口语Part2范文:Describe a person who has done a lot of work to help people。
烤鸭你怎么解决这一雅思话题。
part1,请点击:剑桥雅思9Test4口语Part1范文(Bicycles)话题雅思口语名师点题人物一直是雅思口语高频话题。
这里小编总结了近期的关于人物的高频话题,雅思口语Part2作文:Describe the member of your family who is successfulDescribe two people who are from the same family. (New)Describe a famous person that you are interested in . (New)Describe a polite person you know . (New)Describe a family member that you feel proud of . (New)以上是2017年上半年的高频话题,接下来,我们将介绍本篇话题!Describe a person who has done a lot of work to help people.雅思口语范文:It is undeniable that so many kinds of languages and dialectsexit in the multi-cultural world, which causes some complex andembarrassed situations while communicating with peopleholding different languages. Some predict that if somelesser-known languages vanish, we may enjoy a much easierlingual atmosphere. Personally I think it is entirely wrong.Admittedly, to eliminate some languages that have beenused in some certain parts of the world will make people'scommunication easier. Namely, English and other internationallanguages will bridge over the lingual barriers to some extent.However, if a language disappears, the culture behind it will notexist then shortly. Besides, the living habits and traditions relyingon those language features will also die out with the loss of alanguage itself.When it comes to the reasons for my disagreement, twoaspects should be listed: for one thing, as mentioned above,language is no more than a way of communication. It is morelikely to be a better symbol on special occasions, like somefamous directors will thank all his helpers in English on stagewhen he is awarded by Oscar, but he will definitely thank his homeland in his native language at last, which represents anational pride vividly. For another, if it is possible to remove some lesser-known languages, some substitution will be used asEnglish and French recently. However, the problem is the translation is not so perfect to transfer each cultural meaningand indication from a native surrounding to a western lingualway. The missing translation will lead to theloss of culturaldiversity subconsciously.In sum, some lesser-known languages should not be widelyused for the globalization, but the preservation of those cultural-valued legacies should never stop until the extinction ofthe human beings.。
Package‘gginference’October13,2022Type PackageTitle Visualise the Results of Inferential Statistics using'ggplot2'Version0.1.3Date2020-10-25Description Visualise the results of F test to compare two variances,Student's t-test,test of equal or given proportions,Pearson's chi-squared test for count data and test for association/correlation between paired samples. Maintainer Kleanthis Koupidis<************************>URL https:///okgreece/gginferenceBugReports https:///okgreece/gginference/issuesDepends R(>=3.5.0)License GPL-2|file LICENSEEncoding UTF-8LazyData trueImports ggplot2,rlang,stats,utilsRoxygenNote7.1.1Suggests knitr,MASS,rmarkdownNeedsCompilation noAuthor Charalampos Bratsas[aut],Anastasia Foudouli[aut],Kleanthis Koupidis[aut,cre]Repository CRANDate/Publication2020-10-3123:20:02UTCR topics documented:accidentsData (2)BirthDeath (3)BirthDeath2000 (3)12accidentsData births (4)DieselbioRon95 (4)FuelConsumption (5)ggaov (5)ggchisqtest (6)ggcortest (7)ggproptest (8)ggttest (9)ggvartest (9)LaptopRates (10)LivLab (11)MilkConsumption (11)m_anova (12)profits_df (12)questionnaire (13)randexperiment (13)Salary_Gender (14)Index15 accidentsData Car accident dataDescriptionA data frame showing the use of seat belt and the driver status after a car accident in Greece.UsageaccidentsDataFormatA data frame with383observations of2columns:record factor representing the driver statusseatBelt factor indicating whether the driver wore a seatbeltSourceThe original data are available at Hellenic Statistical AuthorityBirthDeath3 BirthDeath Number of births and death in GreeceDescriptionA data frame containing the number of births and deaths along with their rates from1932to2016.UsageBirthDeathFormatA data frame with71observations of5columns:Year years1932-2016Deaths number of deathsDeathsRate number of deaths per1000citizenBirths number of birthsBirthRate number of births per1000citizenSourceThe original data are available at Hellenic Statistical AuthorityBirthDeath2000Birth and Deaths before and after2000DescriptionA data frame containing samples with the number of births and deaths before and after2000.UsageBirthDeath2000FormatA data frame with30observations of3columns:deaths number of deathsbirths number of birthstype factor indicating if the number of births and deaths correspond before2000or after2000 SourceThe original data are available at Hellenic Statistical Authority4DieselbioRon95 births Births in Greece,1976-1989DescriptionA data frame giving the number of births per1000people in Greece from1976to1989.UsagebirthsFormatA data frame with14observations of2columns:year years from1976to1989rate number of births per1000peopleSourceThe original data are available at Hellenic Statistical AuthorityDieselbioRon95Bio diesel and RON95consumptionDescriptionA data frame including a sample of bio diesel and RON95consumption in Greece.UsageDieselbioRon95FormatA data frame with24observations of5columns:region factor of Greek regionsDieselBio_consumption2006metric tons of bio-diesel consumption in2006DieselBio_consumption2016metric tons of bio-diesel consumption in2016RON95_consumption2006metric tons of ron95consumption in2006RON95_consumption2016metric tons of ron95consumption in2016SourceThe original data are available at Hellenic Statistical AuthorityFuelConsumption5 FuelConsumption FuelConsumptionDescriptionA data frame containing the fuel consumption in Greece.UsageFuelConsumptionFormatA data frame with50observations of8columns:Geographic.area factor with geographic area of GreeceRegions factor with regions of GreeceRunits factor with regional units of GreeceRON95metric tons of ron95consumptionRON98_100metric tons of ron98consumptionDieselBio metric tons of bio diesel consumptionLPG metric tons of liquefied petroleum gas consumptionDieselC metric tons of heating oil consumptionSourceThe original data are available at Hellenic Statistical Authorityggaov Anova F test plotDescriptionVisualise anova F-test to determine whether group means are equalUsageggaov(t,alpha=0.05,colaccept="lightsteelblue1",colreject="grey84",colstat="navyblue")6ggchisqtest Argumentst an object of class aovalpha alpha level forfinding critical F valuecolaccept color for the acceptance region of the testcolreject color for the area of rejection of the testcolstat color of the statistic of the test lineExamples#21-th daychick21<-ChickWeight[ChickWeight$Time==21,]chickaov<-aov(weight~Diet,data=chick21)summary(chickaov)ggaov(chickaov,colaccept="grey89",colreject="black")ggchisqtest Plot for Pearson’s Chi-squared Test for Count DataDescriptionVisualise chi-squared contingency table tests and goodness-of-fit tests.Usageggchisqtest(t,colaccept="lightsteelblue1",colreject="gray84",colstat="navyblue",alpha=0.05)Argumentst a list result of chisq.test of"htest"classcolaccept color the acceptance area of the testcolreject color for the rejection area of the testcolstat color for the test statistic vlinealpha default set to0.05,choose confidence level for the plot as it is not stated in chisqtestggcortest7 Examples##Chi-squared test for given probabilitiesx<-c(A=20,B=15,C=25)chisq_test<-chisq.test(x)chisq_testggchisqtest(chisq_test)x<-c(10,86,45,38,10)p<-c(0.10,0.40,0.20,0.20,0.10)chisq_test2<-chisq.test(x,p=p)chisq_test2ggchisqtest(chisq_test2)##Pearson s Chi-squared testlibrary(MASS)sex_smoke<-table(survey$Sex,survey$Smoke)chisq_test3<-chisq.test(sex_smoke)chisq_test3ggchisqtest(chisq_test3)ggcortest Plot test for association between paired samplesDescriptionVisualise test for association between paired samples,using Pearson’s product moment correlation coefficient.Usageggcortest(t,colaccept="lightskyblue1",colreject="grey94",colstat="navy") Argumentst a list result of cor.test of"htest"classcolaccept color the acceptance area of the testcolreject color for the rejection area of the testcolstat color for the test statistic vline8ggproptest Examplescorr_test<-cor.test(iris$Sepal.Length,iris$Sepal.Width)corr_testggcortest(corr_test)ggproptest Plot test of Equal or Given ProportionsDescriptionVisualise prop.test for testing the null that the proportions(probabilities of success)in several groups are the same,or that they equal certain given values.Usageggproptest(t,alpha=0.05,colaccept="lightsteelblue1",colreject="gray84",colstat="navyblue")Argumentst a list result of prop.test of"htest"classalpha alpha level for ploting distribution,when prop.test is used on more than2sam-plescolaccept color the acceptance area of the testcolreject color for the rejection area of the testcolstat color for the test statistic vlineExamplesx<-c(5,8,12)y<-c(8,9,13)pr_test<-prop.test(x,y)pr_testggproptest(pr_test)ggttest9 ggttest Student’s t-test plotDescriptionVisualise one and/or two sample t-tests on vectors of data.Usageggttest(t,colaccept="lightsteelblue1",colreject="grey84",colstat="navyblue")Argumentst a list result of t.test of"htest"classcolaccept color the acceptance area of the testcolreject color for the rejection area of the testcolstat color for the test statistic vlineExamplest_test<-t.test(sleep$extra~sleep$group)t_testggttest(t_test)t_test2<-t.test(x=1:10,y=c(7:20))t_test2ggttest(t_test2)ggvartest F test plotDescriptionVisualise F test to compare two variancesUsageggvartest(t,colaccept="lightsteelblue1",colreject="gray84",colstat="navyblue")10LaptopRates Argumentst a list result of var.test of"htest"classcolaccept color the acceptance area of the test,see colorscolreject color for the rejection area of the testcolstat color for the test statistic vlineExamplesx<-rnorm(50,mean=0,sd=2)y<-rnorm(30,mean=1,sd=1)var_test<-var.test(x,y)var_testggvartest(var_test)LaptopRates LaptopRatesDescriptionA data frame that contains sample ratings of18laptops,by three experts.UsageLaptopRatesFormatA data frame with54observations of3columns:laptop laptop id,1-18expert a character of expert1,expert2,expert3valuesrating ratings-5likert scale,5indicates a very good rateLivLab11 LivLab LivLabDescriptionA data frame containing a sample with the results of neuropsychological assessment before andafter serious game intervention in the living lab,Thess-AHALL(Thessaloniki Active and Healthy Aging Living Lab)of Medical Physics Laboratory of Aristotle University of Thessaloniki. UsageLivLabFormatA data frame with10observations of2columns:before score in a neuropsychological test before serious game interventionafter score in a neuropsychological test after serious game interventionSource</>MilkConsumption Milk consumptionDescriptionA data frame containing a sample of the number of cow,sheep and goat milk bottles sold.UsageMilkConsumptionFormatA data frame with13observations of3columns:k number of cow milk bottlesk number of sheep milk bottlesk number of goat milk bottlesSourceThe original data are available at Hellenic Statistical Authority12profits_df m_anova m_anovaDescriptionA data frame with the volume of new stores by category for urban,suburban and rural areas.Usagem_anovaFormatA data frame with54observations of4columns:Categories integer representing three categoriesUrbanAreas coding for urban,suburban and rural areasMonth integer representing three monthsVolume volume in cubic metersSourceThe original data are available at Hellenic Statistical Authorityprofits_df ProfitsDescriptionA data frame with the profits of some companies for5months,constructed for teaching purposes.Usageprofits_dfFormatA data frame with26companies(rows)of5months(columns).questionnaire13 questionnaire Questionnaire AnswersDescriptionA data frame containing a sample with the answers of students.UsagequestionnaireFormatA data frame with50observations of8columns:gender A factor with the student genderwriting.hand A factor with the writing hand of the students(left,right)fold.arm A factor with the top hand when the students fold their armspulse Integer with the pulse rate of students(beats per minute)exercise A factor with the frequency the students exercises(none,some,frequently)smoke A factor with the frequency the students smokes(heavy,regularly,occasionally,never) height Integer with the height of the students(in centimeters)age Integer with the age of the studentsrandexperiment Random experiment resultsDescriptionA data frame with128sample results of a repeated experiment.Success is noted with1and failurewith0.UsagerandexperimentFormatA data frame with128observations of1column.14Salary_Gender Salary_Gender Female and male salariesDescriptionA sample data frame with female and male salaries of a company.UsageSalary_GenderFormatA data frame with100observations of2columns:Male_sal male salariesFemale_sal female salariesIndexaccidentsData,2BirthDeath,3BirthDeath2000,3births,4chisq.test,6colors,10cor.test,7DieselbioRon95,4FuelConsumption,5ggaov,5ggchisqtest,6ggcortest,7ggproptest,8ggttest,9ggvartest,9LaptopRates,10LivLab,11m_anova,12MilkConsumption,11profits_df,12prop.test,8questionnaire,13randexperiment,13Salary_Gender,14t.test,9var.test,1015。
unittest测试框架1.unittest是python⾃带的⼀个⾃动化测试框架,有四个核⼼的概念: (1)testcase:测试⽤例,提供了基本类TestCase,可以⽤来创建新的测试⽤例,⼀个TestCase实例就是⼀个测试⽤例,其中的测试⽤例⽅法都以test开头,且执⾏顺序会按照⽅法名的ASCII值排序。
(2)testsuite:测试套件,把需要⼀起执⾏的⽤例放到⼀块执⾏,相当于⼀个篮⼦。
(3)testrunner:⽤来执⾏测试⽤例,并返回测试⽤例的执⾏结果,可以⽤图形或者⽂本接⼝将测试结果形象地展现出来,如HTMLTestRunner。
(4)testfixure:测试夹具,⽤来测试⽤例环境的搭配和销毁。
(避免下⼀条测试⽤例的执⾏受到上⼀条⽤例执⾏的影响)。
2.unittest断⾔: unittest中提供了⼀些⾃带的断⾔⽅式,使⽤⾃带的断⾔可以将⽤例的错误信息捕获到,主要有以下⼏种:⽅法检查assertEqual(a, b,msg=None)a ==bassertNotEqual(a, b) a !=bassertTrue(x)bool(x) is TrueassertFalse(x)Bool(x) is FalseassertIs(a, b) a is bassertIsNot(a, b) a is not bassertIsNone(x)x is NoneassertIsNotNone(x)x is not NoneassertIn(a, b) a in bassertNotIn(a, b) a not in bassertIsInstance(a, b)isinstance(a,b)assertNotIsInstance(a, b)not isinstance(a,b) 如果断⾔失败则会抛出异常,AssertionError(断⾔错误异常),成功则标识为通过,其中,断⾔时msg参数为异常信息,默认为None,若指定,则会将指定的值作为失败的错误信息返回。
Test 9AComplete the following passage with the words or phrases in the box. Each word can only be used once (将下列单词或词组填入空格。
每空格限填一词,每词只能填一次):Water is the "life blood" of our earth. It is in every living thing. It is in the air. It runs through mountains and valleys. It 1 lakes and oceans. Water is everywhere.Nature has a great water system. Rainwater finds its way to streams and rivers. Rivers 2 to the oceans. At the mouths of the rivers, fresh water joins the salt water of the 3 .Here at the mouth of a river there is much important plant and animal life. Pollution destroys this life, so we have to clean our streams and rivers. Man has to work with nature-not4 it.The lion is called the king of beasts. Lions are found living wild in the grasslands of Africa. They hunt smaller animals and 5 them. There are no wild lions in Europe, but there are captive(被俘虏的)lions in European 6 .The male lion is a beautiful animal. Round his head he has a ring of 7 hair called a mane(鬃毛). When the lion is young, the hair of his name is yellow. When he is old, the hair is 8 black. The female lion, or lioness, does not have a mame.Lions are dangerous animals. A lion can kill a man.BChoose the best answer (根据短文内容,选择最恰当的答案):Sunday, October 16 Fine Today was one of the best days of my life, as I did a skydive for the first time.I was really nervous when I got onto the plane and it began to fly higher into the sky. All my family and friends were waiting in a field down below. To stop myself from feeling afraid, I had to keep telling myself why I was doing it.I decided two weeks ago to take part in this skydive for charity because I wanted to raise money to build a library at my local school. I asked everyone I knew to sponsor(赞助)me. People were very generous. Since then I have spent hours every day learning the skills. It was not long before the day arrived and I was walking onto the plane. It seemed hours had gone by as we started on the runway and took off into the clouds, but it can only have been a few minutes. The teacher checked everything for us one last time before opening the door. The cold wind rushed in, and I felt my heart beat faster. Finally, it was my turn to jump. The teacher then put his hand on my back and pushed me out of the plane!Suddenly, I was falling through the sky. I was probably around three kilometers above the ground and going at a high speed. The plane disappeared in a few seconds, and I was completely alone, with the ground getting closer and closer all the time. It may seem a strange thing to say, but I felt as if I were a bird and quickly forgot all my worries and fears.After around 30 seconds, I pulled the cord(绳索)of the parachute on my back. I felt it pull me upwards as it opened, and then I began to float downwards to the ground below. Soon I landed in a field where my families were waiting.I found it exciting to fall through the sky, but I was also very happy to have both my feet back on the ground again.1.This article is a(n)A) letterB) diaryC) advertisementD) speech2. The weather today isA) cloudyB) rainyC) snowyD) sunny3. The writer has learnt skydiving forA) 2 weeksB) 2 daysC) several hoursD) many years4. The underlined part“doing it”in paragraph 2 refers toA) getting onto the planeB) doing the skydivingC) getting so afraidD) talking to myself5. The writer opened theA) as soon as she left the planeB) a few minutes after she left the planeC) thirty seconds after she left the planeD) thirty minutes after she left the plane6. The money the writer has raised will be used forA) sending some children to school.B) setting up a skydiving club in her school.C) building a library at her local school.D) building a new school in her neighborhood.CChoose the words or expressions and complete the passage (选择最恰当的单词或词语完成短文):There was a blind girl who hated herself because she was blind. In fact, she 1 nobodyexcept her boyfriend, for he was always ready to help her. She used to tell her boyfriend, "If I could see the world, I would marry you."One day, someone donated (捐赠) a pair of 2 to her. When the bandages (绷带) came off, she was able to see everything, including her boyfriend, for the first time. He asked her, "Now that you can see the world, will you marry me?" The girl looked at her boyfriend and was greatly surprised to see that he was 3 . She had never expected that. She would not like to be with a blind husband for the rest of her life, so she refuse to marry him.Her boyfriend left in tears and a few days later wrote a 4 to her, saying, "My dear, take good care of your eyes. Before they are yours. They were mine."This is how the human brain often works when our status (地位) changes. Only a very few remember what 5 was like before. And we often ask for more than we need. Life is a gift. Today, before you complain about the taste of your food, think of someone who has nothing to eat. Before you complain about life, think of someone who went to heaven (天堂) too early. Before you complain about your old house , think of the people who are living in the streets. And when you are tired and complain about your job, think of those who have no jobs. So 6 what you have and don't forget your past.1. A. forget B. loved C. disliked D. thanked2. A. shoes B. glasses C. trousers D. eyes3. A. ugly B. sick C. short D. blind4. A. diary B. note C. song D. story5. A. mind B. work C. school D. life6. A. forget B. spend C. enjoy D. payDRead the passage and fill in the blanks with suitable words (在短文的空格内填入适当的词,使其内容通顺。
美国密歇根9级英语考试(Michigan English Test Level 9)介绍一、美国密歇根9级英语考试(Michigan English Test Level 9)是什么?美国密歇根9级英语考试(Michigan English Test Level 9)(以下简称密9考试)是一个考察通用英语,多级别的标准化语言考试;是为母语为非英语学生赴美国或加拿大等英语国家学习考取语言资格而设计的标准化语言考试;该考试也是联合国开发项目和世界卫生组织等国际组织为在中国选拔出国留学人员及对其颁发奖学金的英语水平考试。
目前世界上共有120多个国家承办该项英语水平考试。
在美国、加拿大等国至少有300多所优质大学(州立大学或同类及以上学校)都承认Michigan English Test Level 9考试成绩作为本科、研究生入学的英语成绩,是除托福(TOEFL)、雅思之外另一个为美国多所大学承认的英语语言资格考试。
在美国,尤其是在加拿大有些院校甚至专门需要密Michigan English Test Level 9考试成绩。
Michigan English Test Level 9评估应试者的听力、阅读、语法以及在个人、公共,职业以及教育场合下的口语技能。
听力和阅读所选取的材料,均源自于北美地区真实的生活场景,专为初中以上青少年及成人评估自己在各种场合下通用英语水平而设计。
二、美国密歇根9级英语考试(Michigan English Test Level 9)的优势是什么?1、密9考试与托福考试认证具有同等效力,但其难度仅相当于中国大学英语四、六级水平,更适合中国大陆大多数考生的英语水平,因此而成为中国大陆越来越多考生的优先选择。
2、密9考试分为多项选择(含听力、词汇、语法和阅读)、写作以及口语三部分。
任何两部分的分数达到80分以上,另外一部分70分以上即视为通过。
3、与该考试配套,由美国本土专家编制的培训课程在致力于提高考生的英语应用能力的同时,也为参加培训的考生提供高达80%以上的通过率保证。
普通话水平测试等级标准(Standard for Putonghua ProficiencyTest)Grade standardThe standard for Putonghua Proficiency Test issued by the state language and Language Working Committee is the national unified standard for the classification of Putonghua proficiency. Mandarin level is divided into three levels: six, one or two, three, each level to distinguish the two grades A and B; a grade three class is the highest, the lowest. The Putonghua level of the examinee is determined according to the scores obtained in the test.The standard of Putonghua proficiency test is as follows:Class AWhen reading aloud and talking freely, the pronunciation standard, vocabulary and grammar are correct, the intonation is natural and the expression is fluent. Test the total loss rate is less than 3%.B read and talk freely, standard pronunciation, vocabulary, grammar correct, natural intonation, fluency. Occasionally, the tone pronunciation mistakes. Test the total loss rate is less than 8%.second levelA read and talk freely, basic standard, phonetic pronunciationintonation natural, fluent. A few difficult (flat cacuminal, before and after nasal twang, nasal etc.) sometimes mistakes. Vocabulary and grammar are few and far between. Test the total loss rate is less than 13%.B read and talk freely when the individual value does not have phenomenon of vowel sound pronunciation. The sound more difficult (flat cacuminal, before and after nasal twang, nasal, Fu - Hu, Z - Zh, -j, i-, aspirated and unaspirated voiced stops, u don't keep and voiced affricates, vowel and compound vowel tone lost etc.), more mistakes. The Dialectal Intonation is not obvious, and the use of dialect words and dialect grammar. Test the total loss rate is less than 20%.ThreeA read and talk freely, consonant and vowel pronunciation mistakes are more difficult than the common range, the tone is not much. Dialectal Intonation is obvious. Errors in vocabulary and grammar. Test the total loss rate is less than 30%.B read and talk freely, phonetic pronunciation errors, dialect features prominent. Dialectal Intonation is obvious. Vocabulary and grammatical mistakes are more. Outsiders listen to their conversation, there is no understanding of the situation. Test the total loss rate is less than 40%.Relevant regulationsAccording to the provisions of various industries, the standard of Putonghua required by the employees is as follows:Schools and school educational institutions teachers, apply for teacher personnel, college graduates, public service personnel specific post Putonghua is not less than two, which is not less than two grade language teachers, teachers of other subjects shall not be less than two class, high school teachers, civil servants Putonghua level not less than three grade, the modern Chinese teachers is not less than two grade, not less than the level of Putonghua teachers.National and provincial radio and television announcer, presenter, Putonghua level should reach a radio and television announcer, presenter of the mandarin standard according to the requirements of the State Administration of radio, film and television executive.Drama, film, television, radio and other performances, dubbing actors, broadcast, presided over professional and film and television performance of professional teachers and students, Putonghua level is not less than one level.The upper limit of the age limit for Putonghua shall be subject to the documents of the relevant trades.Outline of InvestigationThe outline of the Putonghua Proficiency Test (PSC) was promulgated by the national language and Language Working Committee, which is a national unified program for Putonghua Proficiency testing. The Putonghua proficiency test papers come from the syllabus.Test level division1.97 points and above, for class A2.92 or more but less than 97 points, for a class B3.87 points and above, but less than 92 points, for the first class two4.80 or more but less than 87 points, two class5.70 points and above, but less than 80 points, for the first class three6.60 or more but less than 70 points, three classExamination paper introductionThe Mandarin proficiency test paper consists of four test items, with a total score of 100.(1) read monosyllabic words 100 times, 3 minutes and 50 seconds, accounting for 10 points. Objective to examine the pronunciation of initial consonants, finals and tones of examinees.(2) read disyllabic words 50, 2 minutes and 50 seconds, accounting for 20 points. The purpose is to examine the examination of voice, rhyme and tone pronunciation, but also to examine, retroflexion and soft tone sandhi pronunciation.(3) 400 word short reading, limited time 4 minutes, accounting for 30 points. The purpose is to examine the ability of candidates to use Mandarin reading written material, and focuses on pronunciation, phonetic changes and intonation.(4) speaking time, 3 minutes, accounting for 40 points. The purpose is to examine the degree to which an examinee speaks Mandarin in the absence of words.Scoring standardMonosyllabic wordExclude "tone, syllableObjective: to examine the pronunciation of initial consonants, finals and tones of examinees.Requirement: in each of the 100 syllables, each consonant appears in general not less than 3 times,In the dialect of missing or confusing will be increased 1-2 times; each vowel is generally not less than 2 times, in the dialect of missing or confusing vowels will be increased 1-2 times. The pronunciation of consonants or vowels of the same arrangement will be separated. The adjacent syllables appear or the alliteration and assonance.Rating: this score is 10% of the total score, or 10 points. Read the initials, finals, or tones of a word by 0.1 points. Thepronunciation is defective. Each word is deducted 0.05 points.A character is allowed to read two times, which can find the first candidates studying pronunciation have a slip of the tongue second times, according to the pronunciation evaluation.Time limit: 3 minutes. Overtime deduction (3-4 minutes deducted 0.5 points, 4 minutes or more deducted 0.8 points).The pronunciation is defective. Only two reads, 1 monosyllabic words and 2 disyllabic words are recorded. The pronunciation is deficient in 1 item mainly refers to the articulation of consonants is not accurate, but it is not a class of consonants in Mandarin read into another consonant, such as J, Q, coronal x read too close to the Z, C, s; or the correct pronunciation of a class of consonants in Mandarin the position is replaced by the more close to the site, such as J, Q, coronal x read into laminal retroflex consonants; or read tongue contact or close to the palate position over the back or front, but not completely wrong reading for dental defects; the vowel pronunciation was hekouhu, the final round of the lips pursed mouths is obviously not enough, or the sense of difference; opening mouth opening of the finals was not enough, the sense of nature is clearly incompatible; or compound vowel tongue movement was not enough; tone form, potential is basically correct, but the value is obviously low or partial High, especially the relative height or low of the four tones, which is pronounced as a tonal defect; such defects are generally systematic, and each tone is penalized by 5 single tones. 1 and 2, two have the same problem, two points are deducted respectively.Read disyllabic wordsObjective: To study the examinees except initials, vowels and tones of pronunciation, but also the tone sandhi, retroflexion and softly pronunciation.Requirement: 50 double syllables can be regarded as 100 single syllables, and the occurrences of initial consonants and finals are roughly the same as those of monosyllabic words. In addition, the sound and tone of words is not less than 2 times, and several other tones is not less than 4 times; and not less than 3 times; the r-ending retroflexion of not less than 4 times (arurier ER), the arrangement of words to avoid the same concentration of test items.Rating: this score is 20% of the total score, or 20 points. Read the initials, finals, or tones of a syllable by 0.2 points. There is a pronounced defect in pronunciation, 0.1 points each time.Time limit: 3 minutes. Overtime deduction (3-4 minutes deducted 1 points, 4 minutes or more deducted 1.6 points).The pronunciation of defective refers to the same except with outside the 1 in the r-ending retroflexion overqualification should be included in the clear pronunciation.1 and2 two tests, including one or two points in the 10%, that is 1 points 1 points, or 2 questions that allowed 2 points to determine the candidate's Mandarin level can not enter a.The candidate has voice obvious flaws, even if the score reached a level to drop, classified as a class B.Reading aloud3. read aloud from the fifth parts of the test program. Read the material (No. 1-50).Objective: To study the examinees with Mandarin reading written material level, focusing on speech, sandhi (tone, "a", "no"), tone (tone) etc..Scoring: this score is 30% of the total score. That is 30 points. For each material before 400 words (not including punctuation) cumulative calculation, each pronunciation error deduction of 0.1 points, missed a word deduction of 0.1 points, there are different degrees of dialect intonation problems (one-time points deducted 3 points; obviously, deducted 2 points; slightly reflected, deducted 1.5 points. Improper punctuation pauses, deducted 1 points each; the speed is too fast or too slow, one-time deduction of 2 points.Time limit: 4 minutes. 4 points more than 30 seconds, 1 points deducted.Note: reading materials (1-50) the word is slightly different, in order to achieve the standard for evaluation, the first 400 words of the examination candidates to read material test (after every 400 words are signs) error cumulative calculation; but the study of intonation, speed should be throughout the.From the test requirements, we should put the 50 pieces of work that offer the supply and practice as a whole. We should master it thoroughly before the exam.speakObjective: to examine the ability and standard of Mandarin spoken by an examinee without words. One-way speaking mainly, if necessary, supplemented by two-way dialogue between the main test and the examinee. One-way dialogue: the examinee according to draw the topic, say 4 minutes (not less than 3 minutes, say 4 minutes, the main test should ask the candidates to stop).Rating: this score is 30% of the total score, or 30 points. Including:(1) voice features account for 20%, or 20 points. Among them, the grade is:File 20 point pronunciation standard18 second pronunciation errors below 10 times,There is no obvious dialect;Third 16 pronunciation errors below 10 times, but the dialect is obvious; or dialect is not obvious, but the pronunciation errors of roughly 10 times -15 times;Four file 14 points of speech errors on the 10 -15, obvious dialect;Five 10 pronunciation errors of more than 15 times, obvious dialect;Six file 8 pronunciation errors, heavy accent.Phonetic features identified as the second (or two below) even if the total score above 96, nor into a class; phonetic features identified as five, even if the total score of 87 points or more, also can not enter the two grade; the above conditions, should be assessed in grade.(2) vocabulary and grammatical norms accounted for 5%. Scoring level is:File 5 points, vocabulary, grammar and norms;I have 4 second vocabulary or grammar do not conform to the situation;Third 3 points of vocabulary and grammar frequently do not conform to the situation;(3) natural fluency accounted for 5%, or 5 points. Scoring level is:One file, 5 points, natural and smooth;Second 4 basic oral fluency, poor (a similar back draft performance);Third 3 speed properly, no discourse coherence; speak out of time, I must compensate with two-way conversation. In the trial stage, the above scoring method should be adopted, and the proportion of speech grading should be increased appropriately as the situation changes.Errors and defects(1), an error: consonants, vowels and tones read another sound, tone, or in accordance with the dialect pronunciation to read.For example: initial mistakes: such as reading Z C S as ZH CH SH or reading ZH CH SH as Z, C, S, etc.. Vowel error: if O is read as e (broadcast bo-be), read ing eng as ong (shadowying-yong) and so on. The tone is wrong: Mandarin has four tones, and the candidate's pronunciation, such as retaining the tone of the dialect, is wrong.(2) defect: the transitional state of one or more syllables in the pronunciation of syllables. (although not read as the other one, but the articulation is inaccurate)Initial defect: for example, retroflex Zh, CH, SH, although not read supradental Z, C, s, but the pronunciation position too close, the sense of hearing and Mandarin initials have great differences in value. Palatal J, Q, x, read too close to Z, C, s, tongue friction. Such as Penglai, Weihai, Wendeng area: fine (God), (interesting) and interesting (relative).Vowel defects: for example, compound finals, the tongue position is obviously not enough, and it does not show theprocess of sliding. (that is, the gradual change of the tongue position and lip shape in the process of compound speech is not enough, and a part of the pronunciation change is omitted) Such as cotton padded jacket (-ao-[") to (-iao-[)Tone defect: it can basically read the four tones of Mandarin, but the tune is not in place, obviously lower or higher, and can not read the contrast of the ordinary high and low tones. (according to the testing rules, single byte words total points with 1 points, that is not a grade.)Test paper typeAccording to the test objects, the Putonghua proficiency test papers are divided into two types: type I and type ii:I rolled through mainly for the Chinese Proficiency Test (HSK) for Putonghua Proficiency Test of foreign or foreign personnel.The scope of the question for type 1 is:(1) monosyllabic words and two syllable words are from the "table. The selected test outline" second parts, including two words with an asterisk accounted for 60%, with an asterisk words accounted for 40%. The test range is limited to [table 1].(2) the sign of the reading materials is limited to 40, and the number of words is less than 10.The Putonghua Proficiency Test in the pilot phase, taking into account the students study burden, so before the end of December1996, Putonghua level test for secondary normal schools and secondary occupation school students and primary school teachers about when using type I roll.Type II rolls are available for use by personnel other than type I personnel.The scope of the questions for type II is:(1) monosyllabic words and disyllabic words in proportion respectively from the "test outline" the second part of the table a and table two selected. Selected from [table 1] accounted for 70%, of which two stars with 40%, with an asterisk accounted for 30%; selected from [table two] accounted for 30%.(2) reading materials (No. 1-50) are all signed.Matters needing attention1, pay attention to the differences of pronunciation between Mandarin and their dialects. The differences of pronunciation between Mandarin and dialect, most of them are regular. This law also has a large rule and a small rule, often contains some exceptions in the law, these are to rely on their own summary. One is a summary is not enough to check the dictionary and dictionary, to strengthen memory, practice. In practice, we should not only pay attention to the differences in phonology, but also pay attention to tone words and retroflexion learning.2, pay attention to the pronunciation of polyphonic characters.One syllable is one of the important reasons for misreading. We must pay great attention to it. Chinese can from two aspects to pay attention to learning. The first is to focus on different meaning polyphones, find out its different meaning, to remember the different pronunciation from different meaning. The second category is the same meaning to understand its polyphone, on different occasions. This kind of character in most cases is used "width" of a sound, a sound use "narrow", just remember "narrow" on the line.3, pay attention to the characters of similar or misreading caused by radical analogy. Because of a similar shape by a word into the wrong person to read the B word, this is a very common misunderstanding. By itself or by the radical radical pronunciation consisting of a commonly used word pronunciation, to a misunderstanding on the pronunciation of the new words and cause, is also very common. The so-called "scholar to read half", make a joke, this misreading refers to.4, pay attention to the pronunciation of the word pronunciation. Mandarin vocabulary, a word (or word morpheme), meaning the same or similar, but there are two or more different in reading habits, these are called "variant pronunciation". In order to make the pronunciation of standard, in 50s on the organization of the National Putonghua pronunciation Review Committee, and the Mandarin pronunciation variants were examined. After several decades, several drafts. 1985. The state announced the "variants in Putonghua pronunciation table", Mandarin variants asked the national culture and education, publishing, broadcasting and other departments, industries involved in reading, phonetic, in this new "pronunciation table" shallprevail. In the use of "sound meter", it is better to compare the reference book (such as "Xinhua Dictionary", "modern Chinese Dictionary", etc.). Look at all the pronunciations, senses, and use cases of a word, and then look at pronunciation and use cases in the audio meter. After comparing, if found the two have discrepancy, all should take "sound meter" as standard. Thus, the purpose of pronunciation standards is achieved.Certificate of gradeCandidates who have been tested will be able to obtain the national proficiency test certificate for Putonghua proficiency, which is produced by the national language work committee. The candidate's test scores and grades will be recorded in the certificate.Promulgated in 1997, "Putonghua proficiency test management measures" (Trial) stipulates that "Putonghua proficiency certificate is valid for 5 years", more than the time limit will be re examined.Putonghua proficiency test management approach "(revised 2003 officially canceled), on the putonghua grade certificate is valid for reference, that is, Putonghua level certificate, no national general validity limit.Since 2011, the Mandarin certificate style has been revised. The old version includes the date of birth and the new version; the old edition has no ID number, the new edition is added; the new edition increases the testing time. Are covered with the State Language Work Committee official seal and test center.It is changed from a previous form to a paper form with a certificate shell.。
41-43:Mickle, my flight to Prague leaves at 11:00 tomorrow. Should i take a cab to the airport?You can, but the bus would be a lot cheaper. The No. 9 stops at the cross from the pharmacy and runs down there.Oh, that’s sounds good. Riding the buses is so much easy now that you can buy a ticket on board. Do you think i’ll have time to grab breakfast at Betty’s diner?Well, Betty's opens at 8:30, but you want to be on the bus by then to get to the boarding gate by 10:00.44-46:The meeting is in next two hours, have you finished running the numbers on the sales promotion we are proposing?Yes, i have them here in this document but the copy here is giving me an error message. I’ve been struggling with it for an hour and i’ve only got three pages out of it.That’s not good. We need everyone from the counting staff to be able to see these figures. How about putting them into an audiovisual presentation instead?No, there’s no time. I’ll just have to run down to the corner store and use their machine.47-49:Cathy, i finally finished inputting the survey responses into the spreadsheet, but now i really need some ideas on how to write up a report. Can you help me?Of course, and this works out, because i could use the second para vised other than articles about the mayor that i’m working on. Are you up for that?Sure, that shouldn’t be a problem. I’m about to have lunch right now. But let me call you in an hour and we can set up a time to get together.50-52:So Bill, the interview process is just about over. In your mind, who are the front runners for the public relations post?On paper, Patricia seems like a perfect fit for the job, but i wasn’t impressed with her interview performance. I guess my favorite so far is Leroy, the one who used to work for P.Yes, i like him. But in my opinion, Amanda showed more promise. She may not have as much PR experience but she seemed very motivated.To be honest, i’m not convinced by anyone yet. Let’s see how our final candidate Peter B starts tomorrow.53-55:Hi, i just saw a TV ad for something called a 5-in-1 power saw (动力锯) made by your company. Does it really offer 5 different powers saw functions?That’s right. It’s like having 5 different power saws in one machine. It’s really state of the art and as far as we know, th ere’s nothing like it on the market.I saw the actor in the commercial using it but i’m really curious as how it works. Can you describe it for me ?Actually, i can do one better. Why don’t you give me your address and phone number? And i’ll send a compan y representative over to show you in person.56-58:Michelle, someone from the city planning office called for you earlier. He said one of the blueprints is missing from our facility expansion application.Right, we left it out intentionally because there were a few minor changes to be made. But it’s ready now and i’ll take it downtown when i get through approving these expense reports.If you want, i could do that for you. I was working on a project for Tad, but i just finished.59-61:I’m sorry, but i don’t understand the changes that were made to the company’s homepage. How do i log in to check my mail?You can’t get into your account through the homepage any more, you have to click on the link that says Employee Access and input the passwords you recei ved. It’s all part of the new security policy.Oh, i see, it looks like there are a lot of new features here as well. We can log our sales and keep track of the client database. All from the Employee Access page.Right, but you still input your work hours report on the homepage.62-64:Good morning, Ms. Brown. I’m calling on behalf of the Springdale Public Library. Did you know the library’s planning major renovations xx downtown location?Yes, i read about that in the newspaper a few days ago. It sounds like an impressive project that will really boost public use of the facility. That’s right. And to make sure we succeed, we are seeking financial support fund, the Springdale community. As a local business owner, might you be interested in helping us reach our goal?Certainly, i’ll have my assistant write a check and mail it to the librarycentral office.65-67:Have you looked at the focus group((为测试民意而选定的)典型群众,有代表性的群众) results? How did people respond to our comfort series of reclining chair?(躺椅)Positively overall. It received nine out of ten points in the comfort category, ten out of ten for style, and subjects even noticed that the pricing was very attractive. The only dropback was reclining mechanism which some found awkward to use.Hemm, i was afraid of that. We could probably put this product onto the market right now and see the sale. But i think we need to correct the problem first.I agree. I’ll contact the mechanical division right away and see if they can come up the fix for the issue.68-70:Ang ela, what can you tell me about the Fast Action Printers? I’m looking to get some brochures printed for our new gallery exhibit and they seem to have the best prices.Well, don’t let the name fool you. In my experience, their work has been anything but fast. Even on small simple projects like restaurant menus.That sounds unfortunate because i was hoping to have the order completed by this Friday. I wanted to distribute the material at least a week before the exhibit opens. Would you recommend another one?In that case, i suggest calling print plus. Yes, you’ll pay a little more but they can do high quality work in a reasonable amount of time. And they sometimes offer special promotions on their website.71-73I can’t pand off compliments to our next award recipient. For over 20 years, Mr. MH has devoted himself to the success of this company. He started out as a M clerk, backward the firm was stilled called American National. From that position, he worked his way up to become one of the most valuable members of our human resources team. After the merger with Intac and the reorganization that resulted. Mr. H was shifted to public relations, where he spent the last eight years and is now assistant director. For his years’ of service, we are pleased today to bestow upon Mr. H the Intac all-star employee award. Ladies and gentlemen, let’s give him a big hand.74-76:Hi, this is Robert Finn calling from Doctor Thomson’s office. We have you down for your annual check-up this coming Friday at 11:30. DoctorThomson has asked me to call and find out if it might be possible to push it to the afternoon on Friday instead, say 3:00. He has to schedule an urgent operation for a patient Friday morning. And he’s likely to take it until 1:00. I realize it might be too late for you to change your schedule, but if there’s any way that you could accommodate this inconvenience, that would be great. I also have a 5:30 slot on Friday if that’s better. Please give me a call as soon as you decide. And whenever you come, don’t forget to bring your new insurance paper work. I need that to update information in our system. Thanks.77-79:It seems like every day we hear another advisory on the health hazard of butter and margerin, even olive oil so often promoted as the healthy choice isn’t free of xx-clogging and fats. Luckily though, there really is a better alternative, grapeseed oil. Produced in the USA by a family owned and operated family, L 100% grapeseed oil is the real healthy choice. Its uses are limitless, whether you are baking a cake or saute(炒) ? onions on the stove. Unlike olive oil, grapeseed oil doesn’t impart a strong taste on what you are cooking, and it’s more resistant to burn in the high temperatures. Visit our website and you can download a xx for 20% off on your first bottle. Do it today.80-82:Well, it’s finally going to happen. The parking lot outside of the main office is going to be expanded. The work will add another 70 spaces to the 210 that are currently available, which should be more than enough to accommodate all company employees. However, while the construction is underway, only 150 spaces will be open. We will be handing our permits for these spaces through a lottery drawing. And everyone else will have to park across the street in the shopping center lots until the work is completed. Remember the D revenue is a major xx fair and there’s no cross walk. So you must exercise(行使) caution (谨慎出行) when crossing.83-85:Good evening, this is FB, events manager(活动项目经理) at the H hotel and conference center. I’m calling in regard to your message from September 6th, in which you inquired about the availability of our big basing conference space for a company workshop on October 16th. I’m happy to say that yes, as of today, September 10th, the room is available. However, I can’t guarantee it until you formalize your reservation and put down(付定金) a 20% deposit. The xx would be due a week prior to the event on October 9th. If you’d like to do this, or if you have other questions, please contact me. Also I’ll need to know the number of thepeople attending so as best to meet your needs. Thank you.86-88:Welcome back, I’m MJ. Seen as it’s xx o’clock, most of you, loyal listeners, out there probably expect to hear some live music played right here in the studio for our 2:00 pm jam session(摇滚爵士音乐的即席演奏会). Unfortunately, we can’t seem to get the mac and amplifier system working correctly, so the jam session will have to wait. I’m sorry about that. Instead, I’m going to play an interview I recorded earlier with jazz pianist MS. In it, we discuss sir S early and critically claimed work as well as his much more successful album that came out last month entitled xx.89-91:Team, sales are slowing across the board on our laptop models and we have to find a way to turn them around. After consulting with our colleagues in marketing, it’s been decided that the consumer contest is in order. Starting next month, everyone who buys one of our laptops will be automatically entered to win a $1000 gift card, good on all Emerson electronic products, a trip to Switzerland, a $500 online shopping spree and lots of other great prices. As sales people, we need to make sure our customers know about this promotion. Of course, Emerson employeesand their immediate family members aren’t eligible to win. But I encourage you to tell your friends and neighbors about the opportunity.92-94:Your attention, everyone, my name is SD. And I’ve been practicing medicine here at the charity health center for seven years. As I’m sure you all know, since its founding a decade ago, the CHC has been committed to providing free and low-cost medical service to Greenfield residents who couldn’t otherwise afford them. It hasn’t always been easy to secure government funding to keep our doors open, which is why we’ve been so fortunate to receive such tremendous support from D local community. Well, about three years ago, we started putting aside a portion of each donation we received and now we’ve finally saved up enough to open a second clinic on the other side of the town. The groundbreaking ceremony will take place early next year and you are all invited to attend.95-97:Thank you for coming everyone, as you know, the redesign of the ageing Bradford City hall building is the most important project in the short history of this firm. If we perform well on this, our design services will be in demand throughout the province. But let’s now get ahead of ourselves. The city has given us a free reign, so it’s up to us to create a design that ismodern and attractive, but at the same time formal and dignified. What we were going to do is break into a total of six xx groups and each one will have one week to conceptualize, draw out and present their team design to the larger group. Are you ready for your xx assignments? You’ll find them on the first page on the information packets I’m handing out now.98-100:Ok, ladies and gentlemen. This year’s fair is bigger than ever, so I want to make sure you don’t miss anything. Over on the west side of the gymnasium is where the IT companies will set up their tables. We have a total of 11 of them, all leaders in the industry. And if you are looking for an employment of computer sciences, head over to the west side. For hospitality and food service, check for representatives on the east side of the gym. Manufacturing firms are stationed to the north and publishing at the south. Now, due to the high turn of this year, we also have some boots set up on the walkway outside. So if you don’t see what you are looking for in here, chances are you won’t try out there. Once again, thanks for coming.。
Test 9 I•完形填空----------------------- CIoze TestThe Great Wall of ChinaThe Great Wall of China is the longest wall in the world.lt 丄from west to east, 2 mountains, \ valleys and finally 4 the sea.The Great Wall has a history of over two , years.People began to 6 the wall 7 the Spring and Autumn Period in Chinese history.In about 221 BC Qin Shihuang had all the walls & ・ 2 , the Great Wall came to the world.The Great Wall is 6,000 kilometers long,6一7 meters high and 4一5 meters wide.In most places it is 」1_ enough for five horses or ten men to walk 12 along the top.lt was very 13 to build 14 a great wall in the old 15—・Thousands of men」6 when they built it.The Great Wall was made not only of stones»but millions of ]7 ・Today, the Great Wall has become a place 」8 interest not only to the Chinese but also to people all over the world, 19 the Egyptians feel proud of their pyramids, 20 Chinese people also feel proud of our Great Wall.1 ・ es B. goesC. liesD. stands2. A.through B • alongC• over D. across3. A.and B. fromC. toD. through4. A.gets B • comesC. reachesD. arrives5 ・ A.thousand B. millionC. hundredD. billion6. A.create B • designC ・ form D. build7. A.between B. atC. inD. on8. A.made up B. joined upC< sent up D. put up9・ A.Since then on B • Now and thenC. From then onD. After then10. A.no more than B. not more thanC< less than D. more than11. A.wide B- longC. highD. tall12. A.one by one B • day by dayC- side by side D. step by step13- A.easy B. difficultC. goodD. bad14. A.like B • lookC ・so15. A.timesC. countries16. A.killedC. murdered17. A.lifeC. lives18. A.ofC. for19- A.Just asC. Look like20. C. our James Cleveland Owens was the son of a farmer and the grandson of black slaves.His family moved to Cleveland when he was 9, there, a school teacher asked the youth his name ・“J.C., ” he replied.She thought he had said "Jesse", and he had a new name ・Owens ran his first race at age 13.After high school, he went to Ohio State University.He had to work part time so as to pay for his education.As a second-year student, in the Big Ten games in 1935, he set even more records than he would in the Olympic Games a year later.A week before the Big Ten meet, Owens accidentally fell down a flight of stairs.His back hurt so much that he could not exercise all week, and he had to be helped in and out of the car that drove him to the meet.He refused to listen to the suggestions that he give up and said he would try, event by event.He did try, and the results are in the record book.The stage was set for Owens' victory at the Olympic Games in Berlin the next year, and his success would come to be regarded as not only athletic (体育的)but also political.Hi 什er did not congratulate any of the African-American winners.Tt was all right with me, ” he said years later, “I didn't go to Berlin to shake hands with him, anyway."Having returned from Berlin, he received no telephone call from the President of his own country, eithe 匚In fact, he was not honored by the United States until 1976, four years before his death.Owens 9 Olympic victories made little difference to him.He earned his living by looking after a school playground, and accepted money to race against cars, trucks, motorcycles, and dogs."Sure, it bothered me, ” he said later, "But at least it was an honest living.I had to eat."In time, howevert his gold medals changed his life. “They have kept me alive over the years, n he once said, "Time has stood still for me.That golden moment dies hard.^1 • Owens got his other name "Jesse" when ________ .A. he went to Ohio State UniversityB • his teacher made fun of himC. his teacher took "J.C1 for “Jesse”D ・ he won gold medals in the Big Ten meetD. such B. history D. enemies B. died D. gone B. live D. living B. with D. about B. As if D. Such B. we D. oursII •阅读理解Reading Comprehension2.In the Big Ten meet, Owens ________ ・A. hurt himself in the backB • succeeded in setting many recordsC. tried every sports event but failedD・ had to give up some events3・ We can infer from the text that Owens was treated unfairly in the US at that time because A・ he was not of the right raceB • he was the son of a poor farmerC. he didn't shake hands with HitlerD・ he didn't talk to the US President on the phone4.When Owens says "They have kept me alive over the years?' he means that the medalsA.have been changed for money to help him live onB.have made him famous in the USC・ have encouraged him to overcome difficulties in lifeD・ have kept him busy with all kinds of jobs5.Which of the following is a suitable title for the text?A.Jesse Owens, a Great American AthleteB.Golden Moment一a Lifetime StruggleC.Making a Living as a SportsmanD・ How to Be a Successful AthleteHI •阅读新得---- Read and Learn1 ・ Just as the Egyptians feel proud of their pyramids, we Chinese people also feel proud of our Great Wall.(完形填空最后一段)正如埃及人为他们的金字塔感到自豪一样,我们中国人也为我们的长城而感到自豪。
Test for Unit 9(时间120分钟,满分120分)题号一二三四五六七八九十十一十二总分得分听力部分(20分)一、听句子,根据所听内容选择合适的应答语。
(5分)1.Is Emily tall or short?(B)1.A.She is twelve years old. B.She is tall.C.Yes,she is from Canada.2.What does your sister do?(C)2.A.She is very beautiful. B.She has straight hair.C.She is an actress.3.Does Mary have big or small eyes?(A)3.A.She has big eyes. B.She is of medium height.C.She has curly hair.4.See you later,Peter!(B)4.A.No problem. B.See you. C.You're welcome.5.What does he like to wear?(C)5.A.Blonde hair. B.A cup of tea. C.Jeans.二、听小对话,选择正确答案。
(5分)6.W:What do your parents look like,John?M:My father has a round face,but my mother has a long face.(A)6.Who has a round face?A.John's father. B.John's mother. C.John.7.W:Does Lucy have curly hair?M:No,she has straight hair.(B)7.What does Lucy look like?A.She has curly hair. B.She has straight hair.C.She has long hair.8.M:Which is your teacher?W:The man with sunglasses over there.(B)8.What does the girl's teacher look like?A.He wears a shirt. B.He wears sunglasses.C.He wears jeans.9.W:Is your sister good looking?M:Yes,she has big eyes and a small mouth.(C)9.What does the man's sister look like?A.She has a long face. B.She has a big mouth.C.She has big eyes.10.M:The math teacher is coming.W:OK.Let's take out the math book.(A)10.Where are they talking?A.In the classroom. B.In the park. C.At home.三、听对话,根据所听内容写单词补全对话。
实验九继承与派生一、实验目的1.掌握继承的概念。
2.理解派生类与基类的关系。
3.理解不同的继承类型。
4.掌握继承下的构造函数和析构函数。
5.掌握单继承和多继承使用方法。
二、实验内容1.阅读、调试、运行程序,比较阅读的结果和运行的结果。
(1)#include <iostream.h>class A{public:A(){cout<<"Constructor1_A"<<endl;}A(int m):x(m){cout<<"Constructor2_A"<<endl;}~A(){cout<<"Destructor_A"<< x << endl;}private:int x;};class B:public A{public:B(){cout<<"Constructor1_B"<<endl;}B(int m,int n):A(m),a(n),y(n){cout<<"Constructor2_B"<< y <<endl;}~B(){cout<<"Destructor_B"<< y << endl;}private:A a;int y;};int main(){B b1, b2(5,6);return 0;}(2)#include<iostream.h>class circle{private:float x,y,r;public:void print(){cout<<"圆心:"<<x<<","<<y<<endl;cout<<"半径:"<<r<<endl;}void set(float x1,float y1,float r1){x=x1;y=y1;r=r1;}float getr(){return r;}};class cylinder:public circle{private:float h;public:void print(){circle::print();cout<<" 圆柱高:"<<h<<endl;}void set(float x1,float y1,float r1,float h1) {circle::set(x1,y1,r1);h=h1;}float volume(){float R=getr();return float(3.14*R*R*h);}};void main(){cylinder p;p.set(0,0,2,3);p.print();cout<<"圆柱体积:"<<p.volume()<<endl;}(3)#include "iostream.h"class A{private:int a,b;public :A(int i,int j){a=i;b=j;}void move(int x,int y){a+=x;b+=y;}{cout<<a<<","<<b<<endl;}};class B:private A{private:int x,y;public:B(int i,int j,int k,int n):A(i,j){x=k;y=n;}void show(){cout<<x<<","<<y<<endl;}void fun(){move(2,4);}void f1(){A::show();}};void main(){A a1(10,10);a1.show();B b1(5,5,6,6);b1.show();b1.f1();}(4)#include "iostream.h"class base1{public:base1(int x) {value=x;}int getdata(){return value;}protected:int value;};class base2{ public:base2(char c) {letter=c;}int getdata(){return letter;}protected:char letter;};class deri:public base1,public base2{int real;public:deri(int a,char b,int c):base1(a),base2(b) { real=c;}int getdata(){return real;}{cout<<"interger:"<<base1::value<<endl;cout<<"character:"<<base2::letter<<endl;cout<<"real number"<<real<<endl;}};void main(){base1 b1(11);base2 b2('B');deri d1(33,'D',3);cout<<"obj b1 contains:"<<b1.getdata()<<endl;cout<<"obj b2 contains:"<<b2.getdata()<<endl;cout<<"obj d1 contains";d1.print();cout<<endl;cout<<d1.base1::getdata()<<endl;cout<<d1.base2::getdata()<<endl;cout<<d1.getdata()<<endl;}(5)#include<iostream.h>class Croot{ public:int small;Croot( ) { small=2;}Croot(int n) { small=n;}void showsmall() { cout<<"small="<<small<<endl; } };class Cder1: public Croot{ public:Cder1(int m) :Croot(m){}};class Cder2: public Croot{ public:int small;Cder2(int n=0) { small=n; }};void main(){ Croot A;Cder1 bb(3);Cder2 cc;A.showsmall();bb.showsmall();cc.showsmall();}2. 修正程序,并调试运行(1)#include "iostream.h"class point{public:point(){x=0;y=0;}point(float x1,float y1){x=x1;y=y1;}point(const point &p){x=p.x;y=p.y;}void move(float x1,float y1){x+=x1;y+=y1;}protected:void showp(){cout<<"point(x,y)=("<<x<<","<<y<<")"<<endl;}private:float x;float y;};class circle:public point{private:float r;public:circle(float a,float b,float r1):point(a,b){r=r1;}void showc(){cout<<"x="<<x<<",y="<<y<<endl;showp();cout<<"r="<<r<<endl;}};class rect:protected point{private:float wide;float hight;public:rect(float a,float b,float w,float h):point(a,b) {wide=w;hight=h;}void showr(){ showp();cout<<"Wide="<<wide<<",Hight="<<hight<<endl;} };void main(){circle c1(2,2,4);c1.showc();c1.showp();c1.move(1,10);rect r1(1,3,4,5);r1.showr();r1.showp();r1.move(1,4);}(2) 以下程序拟输出信息:class oneclass twoclass three请在不添加语句的情况下,改正程序中的错误,使之能正确输出信息。
ModelTest9听⼒原⽂及答案Mod el T est 9Section A1. M: Liz took a taxi to her office today.W: Yes. Her friend Ted usually drives her to the office but now he is out of town on business.Q: What do we learn from the conversation?2. W: Joe suggested going to the party.M:Whatever he suggested is fine with me. Q:What will the man probably do?3. M: Jan's husband is certainly easy going and friendly.W: Yes, the exact opposite of her father.Q: What is Jan's father like?4. W: Do you happen to know how to call New York from here?M: I've no idea, I'm afraid. Why don't you ask Helen?Q: What does the man imply about Helen?5. W: I was surprised to see you and your family at the Shopping Mall yesterday.M: Our junior school closed down because flu broke out.Q: What do we learn from the conversation?6. W: I hope you like the novel I lent you. I wasn't sure whether it was the kind of bookyou would be interested in. M: You know, I had the same doubt at first. But once I started I simply couldn't put it down.Q: What does the man mean?7. M: Wasn't it terrific?W: Well, the music was enjoyable, but the story didn't make much sense to me. I still prefer traditional drama with strong characters and an exciting plot. Q: What does the woman think of the play?8. W: Your exam is over, isn't it? Why aren't you cheerful?M: Oh, I don't know. It isn't that the questions were too hard, but I always feel uneasy when the exam doesn't seem to have much to do with the book Q:What was the man's opinion of the exam?Now you will hear two long conversations.Conversation OneM: Well, Claudia, how is your first day on campus working out?Wi: Actually I'm overwhelmed. This campus is too large. I am not really sure how to get around it. How about you? M:Yeah, I'm having the same problem. That's why we should leave a bit earlier to get toour biology class on time. W, : That sounds like a good plan to me! It's 9 : 30 right now. I think our class starts at10 i 00 a. m.M: Actually it starts at 10 : 15 a. m. The schedule says the class is at the Darwin Build ing, but I can't seem to find on the map.Wi: Why don't you ask that woman sitting on the bench? M; All right,it can't hurt to ask. (To another woman. )M: Excuse me, Miss. Could you tell us how to get to Darwin Building?W2: Darwin Building? Oh yes,I remember... Do you see that building to our right there? That's the East Dormitory. Next to it is the Science Library. Just follow the path between those two buildings until you reach the other side. Then take the left-hand path and follow it to the end.It leads straight to the Darwin Building.M: Let me say, after we pass between the Dorm and the Library, we follow the path to the left until the end of the road,then we should be there,right?W2: Yes, that's it.M: Thank you very much, indeed.W2: You are welcome.Questions 9 to 11 are based on the conversation you have just heard.9. What is their first impression of the campus?10.What are the two students doing?11.How many minutes were left to them before the biology class began?Conversation TwoM: So you're going to be writing for the school newspaper?W: Yes, I'm excited about it. I'm thinking about journalism as a career.M: Oh! Congratulations! How do they decide whom to hire?W: I have to send the writing sample. I used one of the essays I've written for the literature class, then the editor assigned me a topic to write a short article about it. M: What did you write about? W: Actually, it was a lot of fun. I wrote about the students' play that has been performing this month.M: Oh, I saw that play. The director is a friend of mine. It really called in a stir around here.W: Yeah, I know. That's what I wrote about—People's reaction to it. It's really interesting.M: Have you finished the article? Can I read it?W: Sure. I just made a couple of copies. So you can have one.M: Thanks. I wish I were a better writer. Working for the paper sounds like lots of fun. W: Well, they're looking to add one or two photographs to the staff. If you want we could walk over to the newspaper office and I'll introduce you to the photography editor. M; That will be terrific! But can we go tomorrow?W; Sure. Or maybe you should call and set up a time to meet tomorrow. M:Good idea. I'll do that before I go to class. W; All right. See you tomorrow.Questions 12 to 15 are based on the conversation you have just heard.12.What are the speakers mainly discussing?13.What was the topic of the woman's article?14.What job is the man going to apply for?15.What will the woman do tomorrow?Section BPassage OneHow much living space does a person need? What happens when his space requiremerits are not adequately met? Sociologists and psychologists are conducting experiments on rats to try to determine the effects of overcrowded conditions on man. Recent studies have shown that thebehavior of rats is greatly affected by space. If rats have adequate living space,they eat well,sleep well,and reproduce well. However if their living conditions become too crowded, their behavior patterns and e-ven their health perceptibly change. They cannot sleep and eat well, and signs of fear and tension become obvious. The more crowded they are, the more they tend to bite each other and even kill each other. Thus for rats, population and violence are directly related. Is this a natural law for human society as well? Is adequate space not only desirable, but essential for human survival? Questions 16 to 18 are based on the passage you have just heard.16.For what purpose did the scientists conduct the experiments on rats?17.When the rats become over-crowded, which one of the behavior patterns is not shown in theexperiment?18.What did the experiments prove?Passage TwoColumbus sailed from Spain in September 1492, looking for gold. Native Americans greeted him, offering gifts of corn. Columbus found little gold on that trip,but he collected many plants,including corn to bring back to Spain. Columbus didn't know it. But the corn was much more valuable than gold. Farmers from Europe to Asia accepted it immediately. They grew it on cold mountain sides and in tropical forest. Today it feeds millions of people all over the world. On his second trip, Columbus brought back a bag of chocolate beans to make chocolate. Europeans and Asians loved this new drink,and soon they were paying a great deal of money for the beans.Chocolate beans became so valuable in Central America that they were used as cash for 200 years. Tomatoes and potatoes took some time to become popular. Eventually, however, they became the basis of a lot of popular food. It is hard to imagine life without fried potatoes and chocolate. Thanks to native American cultures, many people are able to enjoy lots of tasty food. Questions 19 to 21 are based on the passage you have just heard.19.Why is corn feeding millions of people today?20.What did Columbus bring back on his second trip?21.What was the result of Columbus' two trips to America?Passage ThreeIn its early years, the Children's Book Show was intended mainly for teachers and librarians. As it became more widely known.and successful, more and more family and school parties began to come so that it grew into a real children's book show and a show with a double purpose. For years it was held in various halls in London. In answer to enthusiastic invitations to bring it to different parts of the country, the decision was taken to move outside the capital. One year it was held in Leeds, then in Bristol as well as in London, and now it comes to Glasgow. This year's show will again interest both the general public and specialists. Admission will be free, but school parties must be booked in advance. In a large room near the entrance there will be a self-service bookshop where every book on show will be for sale.Questions 22 to 25 are based on the passage you have just heard.22.What are the books in the exhibition intended for?23.Who was the show intended for in its early years?24.What caused the book show to grow?25.What must parties of school children do this year?Section CHave you had a headache recently? The pain can be (26) temporary, mild and cured by a simple painkiller like aspirin. Or, it can be (27) severe.More than forty five (28) million people in the United States suffer chronic(fj|'|4l^J) headaches. The US Headache Consortium is a group with seven member (29) organizations. They are (30) attempting to improve treatment of one kind of headache—the mi-graine(j^^'H:'i^^tc^). Some people experience this kind of pain as often as two weeks every month. About seventy percent of migraine (31) sufferers are women.Some people (32) describe the pain as similar to a repeated beat. Others compare it to someone driving a sharp (33) object into the head. Some people take medicine every day to prevent or ease migraine headaches. (34) Others use medicine to control pain already developed. Doctors treating migraine sufferers often order medicines from a group of certain drugs. (35) Most migraines react at least partly to existing medicine. And most people can use existing medicine without experiencing bad effects. (36) Doctors sometimes use caffeine to treat migraine headaches. Interestingly, caffeine also can cause some migraines.Model T est 91-5 DDBCC 6-10 ACBBC 11-15 CCBCD 16-20 BCDDD 21-25 BDADC 26. temporary 27. severe 28. million 29. organizations 30. attempting 31. sufferers 32. describe 33. object34. Others use medicine to control pain already developed35. Most migraines react at least partly to existing medicine36. Doctors sometimes use caffeine to treat migraine headaches。
Multiple Choice Questions1. In the context of the Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM) the relevant measure of riskisA) unique risk.B) beta.C) standard deviation of returns.D) variance of returns.E) none of the above.Answer: B Difficulty: EasyRationale: Once, a portfolio is diversified, the only risk remaining is systematic risk,which is measured by beta.2. According to the Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM) a well diversified portfolio's rateof return is a function ofA) market riskB) unsystematic riskC) unique risk.D) reinvestment risk.E) none of the above.Answer: A Difficulty: EasyRationale: With a diversified portfolio, the only risk remaining is market, or systematic, risk. This is the only risk that influences return according to the CAPM.3. The market portfolio has a beta ofA) 0.B) 1.C) -1.D) 0.5.E) none of the aboveAnswer: B Difficulty: EasyRationale: By definition, the beta of the market portfolio is 1.4. The risk-free rate and the expected market rate of return are 0.06 and 0.12, respectively.According to the capital asset pricing model (CAPM), the expected rate of return on security X with a beta of 1.2 is equal toA) 0.06.B) 0.144.C) 0.12.D) 0.132E) 0.18Answer: D Difficulty: EasyRationale: E(R) = 6% + 1.2(12 - 6) = 13.2%.5. The risk-free rate and the expected market rate of return are 0.056 and 0.125,respectively. According to the capital asset pricing model (CAPM), the expected rate of return on a security with a beta of 1.25 is equal toA) 0.1225B) 0.144.C) 0.153.D) 0.134E) 0.117Answer: A Difficulty: EasyRationale: E(R) = 5.6% + 1.25(12.5 - 5.6) = 14.225%.6. Which statement is not true regarding the market portfolio?A) It includes all publicly traded financial assets.B) It lies on the efficient frontier.C) All securities in the market portfolio are held in proportion to their market values.D) It is the tangency point between the capital market line and the indifference curve.E) All of the above are true.Answer: D Difficulty: ModerateRationale: The tangency point between the capital market line and the indifference curve is the optimal portfolio for a particular investor.7. Which statement is not true regarding the Capital Market Line (CML)?A) The CML is the line from the risk-free rate through the market portfolio.B) The CML is the best attainable capital allocation line.C) The CML is also called the security market line.D) The CML always has a positive slope.E) The risk measure for the CML is standard deviation.Answer: C Difficulty: ModerateRationale: Both the Capital Market Line and the Security Market Line depict risk/return relationships. However, the risk measure for the CML is standard deviation and the risk measure for the SML is beta (thus C is not true; the other statements are true).8. The market risk, beta, of a security is equal toA) the covariance between the security's return and the market return divided by thevariance of the market's returns.B) the covariance between the security and market returns divided by the standarddeviation of the market's returns.C) the variance of the security's returns divided by the covariance between the securityand market returns.D) the variance of the security's returns divided by the variance of the market's returns.E) none of the above.Answer: A Difficulty: ModerateRationale: Beta is a measure of how a security's return covaries with the market returns, normalized by the market variance.9. According to the Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM), the expected rate of return onany security is equal toA) R f+ β [E(R M)].B) R f + β [E(R M) - R f].C) β [E(R M) - R f].D) E(R M) + R f.E) none of the above.Answer: B Difficulty: ModerateRationale: The expected rate of return on any security is equal to the risk free rate plus the systematic risk of the security (beta) times the market risk premium, E(R M - R f).10. The Security Market Line (SML) isA) the line that describes the expected return-beta relationship for well-diversifiedportfolios only.B) also called the Capital Allocation Line.C) the line that is tangent to the efficient frontier of all risky assets.D) the line that represents the expected return-beta relationship.E) the line that represents the relationship between an individual security's return andthe market's return.Answer: D Difficulty: ModerateRationale: The SML is a measure of expected return per unit of risk, where risk isdefined as beta (systematic risk).11. According to the Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM), fairly priced securitiesA) have positive betas.B) have zero alphas.C) have negative betas.D) have positive alphas.E) none of the above.Answer: B Difficulty: ModerateRationale: A zero alpha results when the security is in equilibrium (fairly priced for the level of risk).12. According to the Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM), under priced securitiesA) have positive betas.B) have zero alphas.C) have negative betas.D) have positive alphas.E) none of the above.Answer: D Difficulty: Moderate13. According to the Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM), over priced securitiesA) have positive betas.B) have zero alphas.C) have negative betas.D) have positive alphas.E) none of the above.Answer: C Difficulty: ModerateRationale: A zero alpha results when the security is in equilibrium (fairly priced for the level of risk).14. According to the Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM),A) a security with a positive alpha is considered overpriced.B) a security with a zero alpha is considered to be a good buy.C) a security with a negative alpha is considered to be a good buy.D) a security with a positive alpha is considered to be underpriced.E) none of the above.Answer: D Difficulty: ModerateRationale: A security with a positive alpha is one that is expected to yield an abnormal positive rate of return, based on the perceived risk of the security, and thus isunderpriced.15. According to the Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM), which one of the followingstatements is false?A) The expected rate of return on a security decreases in direct proportion to a decreasein the risk-free rate.B) The expected rate of return on a security increases as its beta increases.C) A fairly priced security has an alpha of zero.D) In equilibrium, all securities lie on the security market line.E) All of the above statements are true.Answer: A Difficulty: ModerateRationale: Statements B, C, and D are true, but statement A is false.16. In a well diversified portfolioA) market risk is negligible.B) systematic risk is negligible.C) unsystematic risk is negligible.D) nondiversifiable risk is negligible.E) none of the above.Answer: C Difficulty: ModerateRationale: Market, or systematic, or nondiversifiable, risk is present in a diversified portfolio; the unsystematic risk has been eliminated.17. Empirical results regarding betas estimated from historical data indicate thatA) betas are constant over time.B) betas of all securities are always greater than one.C) betas are always near zero.D) betas appear to regress toward one over time.E) betas are always positive.Answer: D Difficulty: ModerateRationale: Betas vary over time, betas may be negative or less than one, betas are not always near zero; however, betas do appear to regress toward one over time.18. Your personal opinion is that a security has an expected rate of return of 0.11. It has abeta of 1.5. The risk-free rate is 0.05 and the market expected rate of return is 0.09.According to the Capital Asset Pricing Model, this security isA) underpriced.B) overpriced.C) fairly priced.D) cannot be determined from data provided.E) none of the above.Answer: C Difficulty: ModerateRationale: 11% = 5% + 1.5(9% - 5%) = 11.0%; therefore, the security is fairly priced.19. The risk-free rate is 7 percent. The expected market rate of return is 15 percent. If youexpect a stock with a beta of 1.3 to offer a rate of return of 12 percent, you shouldA) buy the stock because it is overpriced.B) sell short the stock because it is overpriced.C) sell the stock short because it is underpriced.D) buy the stock because it is underpriced.E) none of the above, as the stock is fairly priced.Answer: B Difficulty: ModerateRationale: 12% < 7% + 1.3(15% - 7%) = 17.40%; therefore, stock is overpriced and should be shorted.20. You invest $600 in a security with a beta of 1.2 and $400 in another security with a betaof 0.90. The beta of the resulting portfolio isA) 1.40B) 1.00C) 0.36D) 1.08E) 0.80Answer: D Difficulty: ModerateRationale: 0.6(1.2) + 0.4(0.90) = 1.08.21. A security has an expected rate of return of 0.10 and a beta of 1.1. The market expectedrate of return is 0.08 and the risk-free rate is 0.05. The alpha of the stock isA) 1.7%.B) -1.7%.C) 8.3%.D) 5.5%.E) none of the above.Answer: A Difficulty: ModerateRationale: 10% - [5% +1.1(8% - 5%)] = 1.7%.22. Your opinion is that CSCO has an expected rate of return of 0.13. It has a beta of 1.3.The risk-free rate is 0.04 and the market expected rate of return is 0.115. According to the Capital Asset Pricing Model, this security isA) underpriced.B) overpriced.C) fairly priced.D) cannot be determined from data provided.E) none of the above.Answer: B Difficulty: ModerateRationale: 11.5% - 4% + 1.3(11.5% - 4%) = -2.25%; therefore, the security isoverpriced.23. Your opinion is that CSCO has an expected rate of return of 0.1375. It has a beta of 1.3.The risk-free rate is 0.04 and the market expected rate of return is 0.115. According to the Capital Asset Pricing Model, this security isA) underpriced.B) overpriced.C) fairly priced.D) cannot be determined from data provided.E) none of the above.Answer: C Difficulty: ModerateRationale: 13.75% - 4% + 1.3(11.5% - 4%) = 0.0%; therefore, the security is fairlypriced.24. Your opinion is that CSCO has an expected rate of return of 0.15. It has a beta of 1.3.The risk-free rate is 0.04 and the market expected rate of return is 0.115. According to the Capital Asset Pricing Model, this security isA) underpriced.B) overpriced.C) fairly priced.D) cannot be determined from data provided.E) none of the above.Answer: A Difficulty: ModerateRationale: 15% - 4% + 1.3(11.5% - 4%) = 1.25%; therefore, the security is under priced.25. Your opinion is that Boeing has an expected rate of return of 0.112. It has a beta of 0.92.The risk-free rate is 0.04 and the market expected rate of return is 0.10. According to the Capital Asset Pricing Model, this security isA) underpriced.B) overpriced.C) fairly priced.D) cannot be determined from data provided.E) none of the above.Answer: A Difficulty: ModerateRationale: 11.2% - 4% + 0.92(10% - 4%) = 1.68%; therefore, the security is underpriced.26. Your opinion is that Boeing has an expected rate of return of 0.0952. It has a beta of0.92. The risk-free rate is 0.04 and the market expected rate of return is 0.10.According to the Capital Asset Pricing Model, this security isA) underpriced.B) overpriced.C) fairly priced.D) cannot be determined from data provided.E) none of the above.Answer: C Difficulty: ModerateRationale: 9.52% - 4% + 0.92(10% - 4%) = 0.0%; therefore, the security is fairly priced.27. Your opinion is that Boeing has an expected rate of return of 0.08. It has a beta of 0.92.The risk-free rate is 0.04 and the market expected rate of return is 0.10. According to the Capital Asset Pricing Model, this security isA) underpriced.B) overpriced.C) fairly priced.D) cannot be determined from data provided.E) none of the above.Answer: C Difficulty: ModerateRationale: 8.0% - 4% + 0.92(10% - 4%) = -1.52%; therefore, the security is overpriced.28. The risk-free rate is 4 percent. The expected market rate of return is 11 percent. If youexpect CAT with a beta of 1.0 to offer a rate of return of 10 percent, you shouldA) buy stock X because it is overpriced.B) sell short stock X because it is overpriced.C) sell stock short X because it is underpriced.D) buy stock X because it is underpriced.E) none of the above, as the stock is fairly priced.Answer: B Difficulty: ModerateRationale: 10% < 4% + 1.0(11% - 4%) = 11.0%; therefore, stock is overpriced andshould be shorted.29. The risk-free rate is 4 percent. The expected market rate of return is 11 percent. If youexpect CAT with a beta of 1.0 to offer a rate of return of 11 percent, you shouldA) buy stock X because it is overpriced.B) sell short stock X because it is overpriced.C) sell stock short X because it is underpriced.D) buy stock X because it is underpriced.E) none of the above, as the stock is fairly priced.Answer: E Difficulty: ModerateRationale: 11% = 4% + 1.0(11% - 4%) = 11.0%; therefore, stock is fairly priced. 30. The risk-free rate is 4 percent. The expected market rate of return is 11 percent. If youexpect CAT with a beta of 1.0 to offer a rate of return of 13 percent, you shouldA) buy stock X because it is overpriced.B) sell short stock X because it is overpriced.C) sell stock short X because it is underpriced.D) buy stock X because it is underpriced.E) none of the above, as the stock is fairly priced.Answer: D Difficulty: ModerateRationale: 13% > 4% + 1.0(11% - 4%) = 11.0%; therefore, stock is under priced. 31. You invest 55% of your money in security A with a beta of 1.4 and the rest of yourmoney in security B with a beta of 0.9. The beta of the resulting portfolio isA) 1.466B) 1.157C) 0.968D) 1.082E) 1.175Answer: E Difficulty: ModerateRationale: 0.55(1.4) + 0.45(0.90) = 1.175.32. Given the following two stocks A and BIf the expected market rate of return is 0.09 and the risk-free rate is 0.05, which security would be considered the better buy and why?A) A because it offers an expected excess return of 1.2%.B) B because it offers an expected excess return of 1.8%.C) A because it offers an expected excess return of 2.2%.D) B because it offers an expected return of 14%.E) B because it has a higher beta.Answer: C Difficulty: ModerateRationale: A's excess return is expected to be 12% - [5% + 1.2(9% - 5%)] = 2.2%. B's excess return is expected to be 14% - [5% + 1.8(9% - 5%)] = 1.8%.33. Capital Asset Pricing Theory asserts that portfolio returns are best explained by:A) economic factors.B) specific risk.C) systematic risk.D) diversification.E) none of the above.Answer: C Difficulty: EasyRationale: The risk remaining in diversified portfolios is systematic risk; thus, portfolio returns are commensurate with systematic risk.34. According to the CAPM, the risk premium an investor expects to receive on any stockor portfolio increases:A) directly with alpha.B) inversely with alpha.C) directly with beta.D) inversely with beta.E) in proportion to its standard deviation.Answer: C Difficulty: EasyRationale: The market rewards systematic risk, which is measured by beta, and thus, the risk premium on a stock or portfolio varies directly with beta.35. What is the expected return of a zero-beta security?A) The market rate of return.B) Zero rate of return.C) A negative rate of return.D) The risk-free rate.E) None of the above.Answer: D Difficulty: ModerateRationale: E(R S) = r f + 0(R M - r f) = r f.36. Standard deviation and beta both measure risk, but they are different in thatA) beta measures both systematic and unsystematic risk.B) beta measures only systematic risk while standard deviation is a measure of totalrisk.C) beta measures only unsystematic risk while standard deviation is a measure of totalrisk.D) beta measures both systematic and unsystematic risk while standard deviationmeasures only systematic risk.E) beta measures total risk while standard deviation measures only nonsystematic risk.Answer: B Difficulty: EasyRationale: B is the only true statement.37. The expected return-beta relationshipA) is the most familiar expression of the CAPM to practitioners.B) refers to the way in which the covariance between the returns on a stock and returnson the market measures the contribution of the stock to the variance of the marketportfolio, which is beta.C) assumes that investors hold well-diversified portfolios.D) all of the above are true.E) none of the above is true.Answer: D Difficulty: ModerateRationale: Statements A, B and C all describe the expected return-beta relationship.38. The security market line (SML)A) can be portrayed graphically as the expected return-beta relationship.B) can be portrayed graphically as the expected return-standard deviation of marketreturns relationship.C) provides a benchmark for evaluation of investment performance.D) A and C.E) B and C.Answer: D Difficulty: ModerateRationale: The SML is a measure of expected return-beta (the CML is a measure of expected return-standard deviation of market returns). The SML provides the expected return-beta relationship for "fairly priced" securities; thus if a portfolio manager selects securities that are underpriced and produces a portfolio with a positive alpha, thisportfolio manager would receive a positive evaluation.39. Research by Jeremy Stein of MIT resolves the dispute over whether beta is a sufficientpricing factor by suggesting that managers should use beta to estimateA) long-term returns but not short-term returns.B) short-term returns but not long-term returns.C) both long- and short-term returns.D) book-to-market ratios.E) None of the above was suggested by Stein.Answer: A Difficulty: Difficult40. Studies of liquidity spreads in security markets have shown thatA) liquid stocks earn higher returns than illiquid stocks.B) illiquid stocks earn higher returns than liquid stocks.C) both liquid and illiquid stocks earn the same returns.D) illiquid stocks are good investments for frequent, short-term traders.E) None of the above is true.Answer: B Difficulty: Difficult41. An underpriced security will plotA) on the Security Market Line.B) below the Security Market Line.C) above the Security Market Line.D) either above or below the Security Market Line depending on its covariance withthe market.E) either above or below the Security Market Line depending on its standard deviation.Answer: C Difficulty: EasyRationale: An underpriced security will have a higher expected return than the SML would predict; therefore it will plot above the SML.42. The risk premium on the market portfolio will be proportional toA) the average degree of risk aversion of the investor population.B) the risk of the market portfolio as measured by its variance.C) the risk of the market portfolio as measured by its beta.D) both A and B are true.E) both A and C are true.Answer: D Difficulty: ModerateRationale: The risk premium on the market portfolio is proportional to the averagedegree of risk aversion of the investor population and the risk of the market portfolio measured by its variance.43. In equilibrium, the marginal price of risk for a risky security must beA) equal to the marginal price of risk for the market portfolio.B) greater than the marginal price of risk for the market portfolio.C) less than the marginal price of risk for the market portfolio.D) adjusted by its degree of nonsystematic risk.E) none of the above is true.Answer: A Difficulty: ModerateRationale: In equilibrium, the marginal price of risk for a risky security must be equal to the marginal price of risk for the market. If not, investors will buy or sell the security until they are equal.44. The capital asset pricing model assumesA) all investors are price takers.B) all investors have the same holding period.C) investors pay taxes on capital gains.D) both A and B are true.E) A, B and C are all true.Answer: D Difficulty: EasyRationale: The CAPM assumes that investors are price-takers with the same single holding period and that there are no taxes or transaction costs.45. If investors do not know their investment horizons for certainA) the CAPM is no longer valid.B) the CAPM underlying assumptions are not violated.C) the implications of the CAPM are not violated as long as investors' liquidity needsare not priced.D) the implications of the CAPM are no longer useful.E) none of the above is true.Answer: C Difficulty: ModerateRationale: This is discussed in the chapter's section about extensions to the CAPM. It examines what the consequences are when the assumptions are removed.46. The value of the market portfolio equalsA) the sum of the values of all equity securities.B) the sum of the values of all equity and fixed income securities.C) the sum the values of all equity, fixed income, and derivative securities.D) the sum of the values of all equity, fixed income, and derivative securities plus thevalue of all mutual funds.E) the entire wealth of the economy.Answer: E Difficulty: ModerateRationale: The market portfolio includes all assets in existence.47. The amount that an investor allocates to the market portfolio is negatively related toI)the expected return on the market portfolio.II)the investor's risk aversion coefficient.III)the risk-free rate of return.IV)the variance of the market portfolioA) I and IIB) II and IIIC) II and IVD) II, III, and IVE) I, III, and IVAnswer: D Difficulty: ModerateRationale: The optimal proportion is given by y = (E(R M)-r f)/(.01xAσ2M). This amount will decrease as r f, A, and σ2M decrease.48. One of the assumptions of the CAPM is that investors exhibit myopic behavior. Whatdoes this mean?A) They plan for one identical holding period.B) They are price-takers who can't affect market prices through their trades.C) They are mean-variance optimizers.D) They have the same economic view of the world.E) They pay no taxes or transactions costs.Answer: A Difficulty: ModerateRationale: Myopic behavior is shortsighted, with no concern for medium-term orlong-term implications.49. The CAPM applies toA) portfolios of securities only.B) individual securities only.C) efficient portfolios of securities only.D) efficient portfolios and efficient individual securities only.E) all portfolios and individual securities.Answer: E Difficulty: ModerateRationale: The CAPM is an equilibrium model for all assets. Each asset's risk premium is a function of its beta coefficient and the risk premium on the market portfolio.50. Which of the following statements about the mutual fund theorem is true?I)It is similar to the separation property.II)It implies that a passive investment strategy can be efficient.III)It implies that efficient portfolios can be formed only through active strategies.IV)It means that professional managers have superior security selection strategies.A) I and IVB) I, II, and IVC) I and IID) III and IVE) II and IVAnswer: C Difficulty: ModerateRationale: The mutual fund theorem is similar to the separation property. The technical task of creating mutual funds can be delegated to professional managers; thenindividuals combine the mutual funds with risk-free assets according to theirpreferences. The passive strategy of investing in a market index fund is efficient.51. The expected return -- beta relationship of the CAPM is graphically represented byA) the security market line.B) the capital market line.C) the capital allocation line.D) the efficient frontier with a risk-free asset.E) the efficient frontier without a risk-free asset.Answer: A Difficulty: EasyRationale: The security market line shows expected return on the vertical axis and beta on the horizontal axis. It has an intercept of r f and a slope of E(R M) - r f.52. A “fairly priced” asset liesA) above the security market line.B) on the security market line.C) on the capital market line.D) above the capital market line.E) below the security market line.Answer: B Difficulty: EasyRationale: Securities that lie on the SML earn exactly the expected return generated by the CAPM. Their prices are proportional to their beta coefficients and they have alphas equal to zero.53. For the CAPM that examines illiquidity premiums, if there is correlation among assetsdue to common systematic risk factors, the illiquidity premium on asset i is a function ofA) the market's volatility.B) asset i's volatility.C) the trading costs of security i.D) the risk-free rate.E) the money supply.Answer: C Difficulty: ModerateRationale: The formula for this extension to the CAPM relaxes the assumption thattrading is costless.54. Your opinion is that security A has an expected rate of return of 0.145. It has a beta of1.5. The risk-free rate is 0.04 and the market expected rate of return is 0.11. Accordingto the Capital Asset Pricing Model, this security isA) underpriced.B) overpriced.C) fairly priced.D) cannot be determined from data provided.E) none of the above.Answer: C Difficulty: ModerateRationale: 14.5% = 4% + 1.5(11% - 4%) = 14.5%; therefore, the security is fairlypriced.55. Your opinion is that security C has an expected rate of return of 0.106. It has a beta of1.1. The risk-free rate is 0.04 and the market expected rate of return is 0.10. Accordingto the Capital Asset Pricing Model, this security isA) underpriced.B) overpriced.C) fairly priced.D) cannot be determined from data provided.E) none of the above.Answer: A Difficulty: ModerateRationale: 4% + 1.1(10% - 4%) = 10.6%; therefore, the security is fairly priced.56. The risk-free rate is 4 percent. The expected market rate of return is 12 percent. If youexpect stock X with a beta of 1.0 to offer a rate of return of 10 percent, you shouldA) buy stock X because it is overpriced.B) sell short stock X because it is overpriced.C) sell stock short X because it is underpriced.D) buy stock X because it is underpriced.E) none of the above, as the stock is fairly priced.Answer: B Difficulty: ModerateRationale: 10% < 4% + 1.0(12% - 4%) = 12.0%; therefore, stock is overpriced and should be shorted.57. The risk-free rate is 5 percent. The expected market rate of return is 11 percent. If youexpect stock X with a beta of 2.1 to offer a rate of return of 15 percent, you shouldA) buy stock X because it is overpriced.B) sell short stock X because it is overpriced.C) sell stock short X because it is underpriced.D) buy stock X because it is underpriced.E) none of the above, as the stock is fairly priced.Answer: B Difficulty: ModerateRationale: 15% < 5% + 2.1(11% - 5%) = 17.6%; therefore, stock is overpriced and should be shorted.58. You invest 50% of your money in security A with a beta of 1.6 and the rest of yourmoney in security B with a beta of 0.7. The beta of the resulting portfolio isA) 1.40B) 1.15C) 0.36D) 1.08E) 0.80Answer: B Difficulty: ModerateRationale: 0.5(1.6) + 0.5(0.70) = 1.15.。
BOTTEST9简易使用指南如何安装和运行BOTTEST9?BOTTEST9是在Maple平台上开发的应用程序,如果离开了Maple您将无法使用这个程序。
首先将BOTTEST9拷贝到您的计算机的某个子目录之下,譬如说X:\YY\ZZZ。
在进入Maple环境后您就可以运行这个程序。
首先读入bottest9(或者bottest9.dat,如果该程序带扩展名的话),即键入:> read `X:/YY/ZZZ/bottest9`;或者> read `X:/YY/ZZZ/bottest9.dat`;注意标点 ` ` 是不能省略的,然后您就可以执行BOTTEST9的所有指令,使用其所有功能。
关于三角形中几何不变量的约定记号列表(可扩充)如果您需要证明某个三角形中的几何不等式,那么在输入指令时对其中一些主要的几何不变量必须采用约定的记号,如下表所列:a, b, c, 三角形各边之长s, s=(a+b+c)/2, 即三角形周界长度之半x, y, z, x=s-a, y=s-b, z=s-cR, 外接圆半径r, 内切圆半径ra, rb, rc, 各旁切圆半径ha, hb, hc, 各边对应的高ma, mb, mc, 各边对应的中线长wa, wb, wc, 各边对应的内角平分线长S, 三角形的面积p, p=4*r*(R-2*r)q, q=s^2-16*R*r+5*r^2A, B, C, 三角形的各内角sin(A)... 角的正弦,其他三角函数类似abs( ), 绝对值aa, 这是一个约束条件,表示讨论的是一个锐角三角形提示:这些代表几何不变量的记号在BOTTEMA中属于保留字符,对它们赋值是无效的。
对于代数不等式没有约定记号和保留字符(除Maple固有的保留字符之外)。
证明不等式型定理的主要指令及其例解prove目的–证明某个三角形中的几何不等式或与之等价的代数不等式。
输入指令:prove(ineq);prove(ineq,[ineqs]);指令中各项的含义:ineq - 一个待证的不等式,它是用上面列表中的几何不变量来表述的。
二级听力第九套试卷编号:ListeningTest9考试时间:60 分钟满分:99.8 分Part 1 Short dialogs and multiple choice questions(Each item: 3)Directions:Listen to the short dialogs, then choose the correct answers to the questions. You will hear the recording twice. After the first playing, there will be time for you to choose the correct answers. Use the second playing to check your answers.1.A. He lost is license.B. He was driving in the wrong direction.C. He knocked down a woman.D. He drove through a green light.2.A. Drivers should follow the new law.B. Drivers should not forget the old rules.C. Drivers will ignore the new law.D. Drivers find the new law has saved a lot of lives.3.A. They both think cyclists do not have to wear helmets.B. They both think cyclists should wear helmets.C. The man suggests wearing helmets while the woman thinks otherwise.D. The woman suggests wearing helmets while the man thinks otherwise.4.A. A taxi driver-a passenger.B. A driver-a friend.C. A new driver-the trainer.D. Mother-son.5.A. They warned people against too much drinking.B. They offered people more drinks than reasonable.C. They welcomed the law that prohibited too much drinking.D. They ignored the law that prohibited too much drinking.6.A. He will fasten his seatbelt.B. He will loosen his seatbelt.C. He will soon develop the habit of wearing the belt.D. He will ignore the requirement for wearing the belt.7.A. He tells the woman to get the right kind of petrol.B. He tells the woman that they can use any kind of petrol.C. He has enough petrol.D. He does not have enough petrol.8.A. The woman has become blind.B. The woman did not insure her car.C. The woman bumped into the man's car because he stopped suddenly.D. The man bumped into the woman's car because she stopped suddenly.9.A. It has been stolen.B. It has been seriously damaged.C. It has been slightly damaged.D. It has no problem at all.10.A. Because a woman driver cut a man with her knife.B. Because a driver killed a woman in a traffic jam.C. Because there are too many car accidents.D. Because drivers may get angry easily.Part 2 Long dialogs and multiple choice questions(Each item: 3)Directions:Listen to the following recording, then choose the correct answers to the questions. You will hear the recording twice. After the first playing, there will be time for you to choose the correct answers. Use the second playing to check your answers.Questions 11 to 15 are based on the same passage or dialog.11.What happened to the man?A. He had a major accident.B. He had a small accident.C. He drove back home without any problem.D. He won a race.12.What would happen to the driver if he talked on the cell phone while driving?A. He would hit another car.B. He would hit somebody walking across the street.C. He would be accused by the police.D. He would be put into prison.13.What would the police charge the driver with?A. Illegal driving.B. Driving without concentration.C. Drunk driving.D. All of the above.14.What encouraging words does the woman say?A. The driver is not arrested.B. The driver does not get a fine.C. Nobody is hurt.D. Nobody dies.15.According to the dialog, what is the problem with drivers who have cell phones?A. Their phones may beep a lot while there is a green light.B. Their phones may beep a lot while the traffic is crowded.C. They may not be aware of the fact that talking on the cell phone while driving is dangerous.D. They want to talk more on the phone than usual.Part 3 Short passages and multiple choice questions(Each item: 3)Directions:Listen to the following recording, then choose the correct answers to the questions. You will hear the recording twice. After the first playing, there will be time for you to choose the correct answers. Use the second playing to check your answers.Questions 16 to 20 are based on the same passage or dialog.16.What did the police officer find?A. He found a crashed car and a dead body.B. He found a crashed car and two dead bodies.C. He found a crashed car and a monkey in it.D. He found a crashed car with an injured man in it.17.What happened when the officer was looking at the car?A. The injured man called for help.B. The injured woman called for help.C. A monkey jumped out of the car.D. A monkey came out of the woods.18.How did the monkey motion the owners of the car had been drinking?A. He pretended to turn up a can by his mouth.B. He raised a can and poured the water out.C. He drank some water.D. He got some water from a can.19.How did the monkey motion the owners of the car had been smoking?A. He struck a match to light a cigarette.B. He put a cigarette between his lips.C. He put his fingers together and held them to his mouth.D. He pretended to be smelling at something.20.Who was driving the car at the time of the car crash?A. The man.B. The woman.C. The monkey.D. Nobody.Part 4 Short passages and True/False questions(Each item: 3)Directions:Listen to the following recording, then mark the statements T (true) or F (false). You will hear the recording twice. After the first playing, there will be time for you to write the correct answers. Use the second playing to check your answers.Questions 21 to 25 are based on the same passage or dialog.21.Present at the seminar are an engineer, a physician, and a mathematician.TF22.The engineers tries to use a trash can to cover the fire.TF23.The physicist is concerned with precision.TF24.The mathematician is satisfied with an abstract solution.TF25.The story says people of different professions may look at the same problem from different angles.TFPart 5 Short dialogs and blank filling(Each item: 3.1)Directions:Listen to the following recording, then fill in the blanks with the missing words. You will hear the recording twice. After the first playing, there will be time to write the missing words. Use the second playing to check your answers.Questions 26 to 33 are based on the same passage or dialog.Jane: Peter, you shouldn't have 26. the red light.Peter: Sorry, but I'm tired. I want to get home 27. early.Jane: I told you not to drink so much. Your breath 28. alcohol. We'll get into trouble if we 29. a policeman. Slow down a bit.Peter: I’m only 30. 50.[They see a dog in the middle of the road.]Jane: 31. ! There's a dog ahead!Peter: Oh, no! That damned dog! I almost 32. .Jane: You almost hit the police car coming 33.。