北京英文翻译中文公司价格精诚翻译 中国春节资料

中国春节简介英文版The Chinese New Year, also known as the Spring Festival, is the most important traditional holiday in China. It is celebrated in the traditional lunar calendar and is considered the reunion festival of the Chinese people.The festival starts on the first day of the Chinese New Year and lasts for 15 days, concluding with the Lantern Festival. The exact date of the Spring Festival varies from year to year, but it is generally celebrated between January 21 and February 20.Preparations for the New Year begin well in advance. People clean their houses and streets to sweep away bad luck and make way for incoming good luck. They also decorate their homes with red paper cutouts and couplets with popular themes of "good fortune", "happiness", "wealth", and "longevity". Red is considered auspicious in Chinese culture, signifying luck and prosperity.The eve of the Chinese New Year is when people traditionally have their family reunion dinner, known as 'Nian Ye Fan'. This meal is more important than any other meal during the year and is usually held at the home of the elderly family members.One of the most distinctive customs of the Spring Festival is the giving of red envelopes, known as 'hongbao', usually given by elders to children as a symbol of blessing and good luck. These envelopes usually contain money, symbolizing the transfer of good luck and blessings from elders to the younger generation.The Spring Festival is also a time for honoring ancestors and gods. Many families visit temples to pray for a prosperous year. The festivities include vibrant dragon and lion dances, fireworks, and family gatherings. The celebrations reach a climax on the 15th day of the New Year, with the Lantern Festival, when beautiful lanterns are released into the sky, signifying the letting go of the past and welcoming the future.总的来说，中国春节是一个庆祝和祈愿的节日，强调家庭团聚、尊重长辈、追求幸福和健康的生活。

与春节有关的100个汉语表达及其英译新春佳节1.传统中国节日:traditional Chinese festival2.农历:lunar calendar3.腊八节:Laba Festival4.小年:Little New Year5.除夕:Lunar New Year's Eve6.春节:the Spring Festival7.正月初一:Lunar New Year's Day8.元宵节:theLantern Festival9.正月:the first month of the lunar year10.二月二:Dragon Heads-raising Day11.鸡年:the Year of the Rooster12.年:Nian; Year monster13.春运:Spring Festival travel rush传统习俗14.喝腊八粥:eat Laba porridge15.扫尘:sweep the dust16.扫房:spring cleaning17.祭灶:offer sacrifices to the God of Kitchen18.守岁:stay up19.拜年: pay a New Year's call20.祭祖:offer sacrifices to one's an- cestors21.祭财神:worship the God of Wealth22.春联:Spring Festival couplets23.贴倒福:paste the Chinese character"Fu" upside down24.去晦气:get rid of the ill-fortune25.辞旧岁:bid farewell to the old year26.兆头:omen27.禁忌:taboo28.烧香:burn incense29.生肖、属相:Chinese zodiac30.本命年:the animal year in which one was born阖家团团31.吃团圆饭:have a family reunion dinner32.年夜饭:New Year's Eve dinner33.全家团圆:family reunion34.办年货:do Spring Festival shopping35.敬酒:propose a toast36.穿新衣:wear new clothes37.红包:red envelops38.压岁钱:gift money美食小吃39.年糕:rice cake40.饺子:dumplings41.汤圆:dumplings made of sweet rice42.八宝饭:eight-treasure rice pudding43.瓜子:red melon seeds44.金桔:cumquat45.红枣:red dates46.春卷:spring roll47.冰糖葫芦:candied haws on a stick48.驴肉火烧:donkey burger49.腊肠:Chinese sausage50.米酒:rice wine51.腊肉:preserved meat52.糖板栗:sugar chestnut民间艺术53.泥人:clay figure54.皮影戏:shadow puppetry55.木偶戏:puppet show56.刺绣:embroidery57.剪纸:paper-cut58.中国结:Chinese knot59.年画:New Year painting60.吹糖人:sugar-figure blowing61.舞龙:dragon dance62.舞狮:lion dance63.秧歌:Yongko dance; rural folk dance64.灯笼:lantern曲艺表演65.戏曲:traditional opera66.折子戏:opera highlights67.相声:comic dialogue; cross talk68.小品:skits;sketch69.口技:vocal imitations;ventrilo- quism70.杂技:acrobatic performance71.马戏:circus performance72.京韵大鼓:drum song of Peking73.踩高跷:walk on stilts74.杂耍:variety show;vaudeville娱乐活动75.打麻将:play mahjong76.庙会:temple fair77.春节联欢晚会:Spring Festival gala78.灯会:exhibit oflanterns79.送贺卡:send New Year's greeting cards80.理发:have a haircut81.放烟花:set off fireworks82.放鞭炮:set off firecrackers83.灯谜:riddles written on lanterns各路神仙84.门神:the God of Door85.灶神:the God of Kitchen86.财神:the God of Wealth87.土地爷:the God of Land88.火神:the God of Fire89.喜神:the God of Happiness90.福禄寿三星:the three gods of for- tune, prosperity and longevity91.八仙:the Eight immortals祝福语92.新年快乐:Happy New Year93.春节快乐:Happy Spring Festival94.一帆风顺:wish you every success95.财源广进:may a river of gold flow into your pocket.96.万事如意:hope everything goes your way97.岁岁平安:may you start safe and sound all year round98.名列前茅:always come first in ex- aminations99.祝你新的一年快乐幸福:Wish you happiness and prosperity in the coming year!100.祝新年快乐，并愿你幸福吉祥，前程似锦:I would like to wish you a joyous new year and express my wist for your happiness and good future.。

春节英语资料带翻译Spring Festival (Chinese New Year) English Materials。

Spring Festival, also known as Chinese New Year, is the most important traditional festival in China. It is celebrated on the first day of the lunar calendar, usuallyin late January or early February. The Spring Festivallasts for 15 days, ending with the Lantern Festival. It isa time for family reunions, feasting, and exchanging gifts.History。

The origins of the Spring Festival can be traced backto the Shang Dynasty (1600-1046 BC). It was a time to offer sacrifices to ancestors and gods, and to pray for a good harvest. Later, during the Han Dynasty (206 BC-220 AD), the festival became more elaborate, with dragon and lion dances, fireworks, and lanterns.Traditions。

The Spring Festival is a time for families to come together and enjoy each other's company. People clean their homes to sweep away bad luck and make way for good luck. They decorate their homes with red lanterns, couplets, and paper cutouts with auspicious symbols. They also wear new clothes and give red envelopes filled with money to children.Food is an important part of the Spring Festival. Families prepare special dishes such as dumplings, fish,and rice cakes. Dumplings symbolize wealth and good fortune, while fish represents abundance and prosperity. Rice cakes are a homophone for "higher year," symbolizing the hope for a better year ahead.Another tradition is the Spring Festival Gala, a TV show that airs on Chinese New Year's Eve. It features music, dance, comedy, and other performances. It is watched by millions of people around the world.Celebrations。

春节的The origin of the Chinese New Year is itself centuries old - in fact, too old toactually be traced. It is popularly recognized as the Spring Festival andcelebrations last 15 days.Preparations tend to begin a month from the date of the Chinese NewYear(similar to a Western Christmas), when people start buying presents,decoration materials, food and clothing.A huge clean-up gets underway days before the New Year, when Chinesehouses are cleaned from top to bottom, to sweep away any traces of bad luck,and doors and windowpanes are given a new coat of paint, usually red. Thedoors and windows are then decorated with paper cuts and couplets withthemes such as happiness, wealth and longevity printed on them.The eve of the New Year is perhaps the most exciting part of the event, asanticipation creeps in. Here, traditions and rituals are very carefullyobservedin everything from food to clothing.Dinner is usually a feast of seafood and dumplings, signifying different goodwishes. Delicacies include prawns, for liveliness and happiness, dried oysters(or ho xi), for all things good, raw fish salad or yu sheng to bring good luck andprosperity, Fai-hai (Angel Hair), an edible hair-like seaweed to bring prosperity,and dumplings boiled in water (Jiaozi) signifying a long-lost good wish for afamily.It's usual to wear something red as this color is meant to ward off evil spirits -but black and white are out, as these are associated with mourning. Afterdinner,the family sit up for the night playing cards, board games or watchingTV programmers dedicated to the occasion. At midnight, the sky is lit up byfireworks.On the day itself, an ancient custom called Hong Bao, meaning Red Packet,takes place. This involves married couples giving children and unmarriedadults money in red envelopes. Then the family begins to say greetings fromdoor to door, first to their relatives and then their neighbors. Like the Westernsaying "let bygones be bygones," at Chinese New Year, grudges are veryeasily cast aside.The end of the New Year is marked by the Festival of Lanterns, which is acelebration with singing, dancing and lantern shows.Although celebrations of the Chinese New Year vary, the underlying messageis one of peace and happiness for family members and friends.阴历新年的发源是它几个世纪的历史光阴，事实上，这因为年月过于长远而没法被正确的追忆。

中国春节介绍（英文中文）Spring FestivalThe Spring festival is the most important festival in China.It is on January 1st according to the Chinese lunar calendar.It's China's New year's Day So usually a month before thefestiva,people begin to buy food clothes and decorations forhouses.On New Year Eve,each family will gather together eating,talking and watching TV for almost the whole night.The childrenare the happiest of all because they can get presents fromtheir parents or grand-parents.On Lunar New Year's Day.pepole will eat dumplings.When they meet their neighbours or friends,they'll say：”HappyNew Year!”The New Year celebrating activitise will last abouthalf a month.春天的节日春节是我国最重要的节日.它是根据1月1日在中国农历日历.它是中国中国新年一个月前的一天,通常是在节日,人们开始为装修房子买衣服和食品.新年前夕,每个家庭都会聚在一起吃饭、谈话、看电视几乎整个晚上.孩子们兴的,因为他们能够得到来自父母或带来大的父母.农历新年中国人喜欢吃饺子.他们的邻居和朋友聚会时,他们会说新年快乐!新年庆祝会历时约半个月.The Mid-Autumn FestivalThe Mid-Autumn is a very important Chinese festival.It falls on the 15th day of August.A few days before the festival,everyone in the family will help to make the house clean andnterns will be hung in front of the house.On the evening there will be a big family dinner.People whowork far away from their homes will try to come back for the union.After dinner,people will light the lanterns which are usually redand round.Children will play with their own toy lanterns happily.中秋节是中国一个很重要的节日,在八月十五号.在节日来临的前几天,家庭中的每一个人都帮着打扫房子,把房子装扮得漂漂亮亮的,灯笼挂在屋前.晚上有一顿美餐,离家在外工作的人也要回来团圆.晚饭后,人们点亮灯笼,一般是红色的圆灯笼.孩子们会高高兴兴地玩他们的玩具灯笼.。

说说北京翻译公司的收费标准关于北京翻译公司的收费标准，我们精诚英语翻译工作室给大家说一说，一般翻译公司收费都是要100元以上的，有些要是技术性、理工科内容的翻译还会更高，这么高的费用，除了大企业，很多个人跟小企业是亚历山大的，因为好多客户要翻译的字数往往不少，大家算下，1万字费用就是1000以上了，要是好几万呢，那费用就不得了嗯。

一般情况下，翻译公司的报价不会差太多，但是也分时间，有时候一些翻译公司没客户的时候，价格低一点也愿意接啦。

据我们精诚英语翻译工作室发现，翻译公司一般报的价格不会低于90。

相对于翻译公司，市场上的一些翻译个人和翻译工作室，比如我们精诚工作室收费就比较低，有的才翻译公司一半，有些客户总觉得价格低了，质量是不是不行啊，这就错了，本身是不同性质的，企业跟个人或小工作室比，首先成本上不一样，其次经营灵活性不同。

公司有很多规定，工作室或翻译个人都是个人自己说了算，高兴了，价格随便，无所谓，能生存就OK啦，而公司有很多规定，任何企业的员工要遵守公司的价格底线，而且目标就是忽悠客户接受高价格，实在不行也得报个有赚头的价钱吧，不然公司里那些员工工资哪里来啊。

其实翻译行业是这样的，翻译公司就是中介，本身往往通过*络接稿子，然后再把稿子转给外面兼职译员，从中赚取费用，所以，这么说吧，很多稿子并非翻译公司里面的人做的。

要知道的，翻译行业中，大多数翻译往往是自由职业者，并非受雇于某个翻译公司的。

如果客户了解了这个模式，就应该清楚，其实翻译公司并非说的那么深不可测，多么高深，其实只是一个联系各方的桥梁而已。

要是客户直接找到译员，费用就省多了，而且现在支付方式都比较安全，淘宝啊，都是可靠的，很多客户也开始慢慢自己找个人翻译或工作室来翻译自己的东西，来节约费用。

对于我们精诚英语翻译工作室来说，这是好的趋势，这本身是去掉中间环节的进步，也是市场竞争的好处。

这篇内容也是自己随性写的，我们精诚英语翻译对大家有所帮助。

北京的春节英语作文参考English Version (Simplified)Title: The Spring Festival in Beijing: A Time of Joy and Tradition Preparations for the FestivalThe city starts to transform weeks before the Spring Festival. Families and businesses alike engage in a thorough cleaning of their homes and offices, a practice known as "sweeping the dust" to sweep away any ill-fortune and make way for incoming good luck. Red becomes the dominant color as decorations go up everywhere, from red lanterns and paper cuttings to couplets with poetic wishes for the new year.The Reunion DinnerOn the eve of the Spring Festival, the highlight is the reunion dinner, or "Nian Ye Fan." It is a feast that brings families together, no matter the distance that separates them. The dinner is filled with symbolic dishes such as fish, which represents abundance, and dumplings shaped like ancient Chinese gold ingots, symbolizing wealth and prosperity. The atmosphere is warm with laughter and conversations, as stories of the past year are shared and hopes for the new year are expressed.Fireworks and FirecrackersThe sky is illuminated with a dazzling array of fireworks on New Year's Eve. The loud and vibrant explosions are believed to scare away evil spirits and bring good luck. As a child, I was both excited and a little scared by the loud bangs, but the beauty of the fireworks always left me in awe. The smell of gunpowder in the air is a unique scent that I now associate with the beginning of the Spring Festival.The Temple FairLantern FestivalConclusionThe Spring Festival in Beijing is a time of unity, tradition, and festivity. It is a window into the rich cultural tapestry of China, where ancient customs are cherished and passed down from generation togeneration. As I grow older, my appreciation for this festival deepens, and I feel a strong sense of pride in being part of a culture that values family and heritage so deeply. The Spring Festival is not just a holiday; it is a celebration of life and a testament to the resilience and warmth of the Chinese spirit.Chinese Version (适合参考的简化版)标题：北京的春节：欢乐与传统的时光北京，中国的首都，在春节期间变得色彩斑斓、喜气洋洋。

春节中英文简介春节是中国最重要的传统节日之一，也被称为农历新年。

对于中国人来说，春节象征着团圆、欢乐和新的开始。

春节通常在公历的 1 月下旬到 2 月中旬之间，具体日期依据农历而定。

在春节来临之前，人们会进行一系列的准备工作。

家家户户都会打扫房屋，寓意着扫除过去一年的晦气和不洁，以迎接新的好运。

人们还会购买各种各样的年货，包括食品、新衣、春联、福字、鞭炮等等。

食品是春节准备中的重要部分。

比如，饺子是必不可少的。

饺子形状像元宝，象征着财富。

在包饺子的时候，人们常常会在其中一个饺子里放入一枚硬币，吃到这个饺子的人在新的一年里就会有好运。

另外，年糕也是常见的美食，因为“糕”与“高”同音，寓意着生活水平、职位等步步高升。

到了除夕这一天，一家人会聚在一起吃年夜饭。

这顿晚餐极为丰盛，桌上摆满了各种美味佳肴。

大家围坐在一起，欢声笑语，共享天伦之乐。

吃完年夜饭，长辈会给晚辈发红包，也就是压岁钱，祝愿孩子们在新的一年里健康成长、学习进步。

除夕夜，人们会守岁，等待新年的钟声敲响。

当新年的钟声响起，人们会放鞭炮、烟花，以驱赶邪祟，迎接新年的到来。

此时，整个天空被绚丽的烟花照亮，充满了欢乐和喜庆的氛围。

大年初一，人们早早起床，穿上新衣，互相拜年。

拜年时，人们会说一些吉祥话，如“新年快乐”“恭喜发财”“身体健康”等。

孩子们会特别高兴，因为他们不仅能收到红包，还能和小伙伴们一起玩耍。

春节期间，还有各种各样的传统活动。

比如舞龙舞狮，这是一种非常具有观赏性的表演，龙和狮子在人们的舞动下栩栩如生，象征着吉祥和繁荣。

还有逛庙会，庙会上有各种小吃、手工艺品和游乐设施，人们可以在这里感受到浓厚的节日氛围。

在春节期间，人们会走亲访友，互相问候，增进感情。

这种亲情和友情的交流，是春节的重要意义之一。

从英文的角度来看，“春节”可以用“Spring Festival”或者“Chinese New Year”来表达。

The Spring Festival is one of the most significant traditional festivals in China, marking the beginning of a new lunar year It is a time when families come together, people celebrate, and new hopes are kindledPreparations for the Spring Festival start well in advance People clean their houses thoroughly to sweep away bad luck and dirt from the past year and make way for good fortune Shopping for new year goods is also a big part of the preparations People buy a wide range of items, from food to new clothes, couplets, lucky characters, and firecrackersFood plays a crucial role during this festival Dumplings are a musthave Their shape resembles ingots, symbolizing wealth Sometimes, a coin is hidden in one of the dumplings, and the person who gets it is believed to have good luck in the coming year Rice cakes are also popular as the word ＂cake" sounds like ＂height" in Chinese, indicating a rise in living standardsor positionsOn New Year's Eve, families gather for a sumptuous reunion dinner The table is laden with delicious dishes, and everyone enjoys the warmth and happiness of being together After the dinner, elders give red envelopes filled with money to children as a gift for the new year, wishing them good health and progress in their studiesPeople stay up late on New Year's Eve to welcome the new year When the clock strikes midnight, firecrackers and fireworks are set off to scare away evil spirits and usher in good luck The sky is illuminated with colorful explosions, creating a joyous and festive sceneOn the first day of the new year, people wake up early, dress up in new clothes, and pay New Year calls to relatives and friends They exchange greetings like ＂Happy New Year"，＂May you have good fortune"， and ＂Wish you good health" Children are especially delighted as they receive red envelopes and have fun playing with their friendsDuring the Spring Festival, there are various traditional activities The dragon and lion dance is a spectacular performance The lively movements of the dragon and lion symbolize auspiciousness and prosperity Visiting temple fairs is also a common activity There are various snacks, handicrafts, and amusement rides at the fairs, allowing people to soak in the festive atmospherePeople visit relatives and friends during this period, strengthening bonds and sharing love and joyThe Spring Festival is not only a celebration but also a time for reflection and renewal It brings people together, preserves cultural traditions, and instills a sense of hope and optimism for the futureIn conclusion, the Spring Festival is a wonderful festival that showcases the rich culture and traditions of China It is a time of joy, unity, and new beginnings, and its significance goes far beyond the festivities and celebrations。

春节是中国四大传统节日之一，是一年之岁首，传统上的农历新年。

春节俗称“年节”，传统名称为新年、大年、岁首、新岁，口头上又称度岁、过年。

春节历史悠久，是由上古时代岁首祭祀活动演变来，其起源蕴含着深邃的人文与自然文化内涵。

今天就为大家整理一下关于中国春节的英文单词和短句。

1、过年 Guo-nian; have the Spring Festival2、除夕 New Year's Eve;3、初一 the beginning of New Year4、元宵节 The Lantern Festival5、饺子 dumpling6、辞旧岁 bid farewell to the old year7、扫房spring cleaning; general house-cleaning Blessings8、守岁staying-up9、饺子 dumpling10、放鞭炮： squibbing firecrackers11、贴春联： paste the New Year couplets12、吃年夜饭： take/have New Year's Eve Dinner13、看春节晚会：watch Spring Festival Gala on TV14、发红包： hand out red envelopes15、买年货： special purchases for the Spring Festival ; do Spring Festival shopping16、敬酒： propose a toast17、守岁： staying-up18、拜年： give New Year's greetings; New Year's visit19、吃汤圆： eat Tangyuan (Glutinous Rice Balls)20、灯会： exhibit of lanterns21、祭祖宗 offer sacrifices to one's ancestor22、舞狮 lion dance23、舞龙 dragon dance24、剪纸 paper-cuts25、年画 New Year paintings1.I like the Chinese new year better than any other festival. This is a time especially for rest and joy. I need not study. I wear good clothes and eat good food. I have a good time from morning till night. I am as happy as a king.我喜欢中国新年比喜欢其它任何节日更甚。

中国传统节日英文译法过年celebrate the spring festival春联spring festival couplets剪纸paper-cuts年画new year paintings买年货do shopping for the spring festival ; do spring festival shopping敬酒propose a toast灯笼lantern烟花fireworks爆竹firecrackers (people scare off evil spirits and ghosts with the loud pop.)红包red packets (cash wrapped up in red paper, symbolize fortune and wealth in the coming year.)舞狮lion dance (the lion is believed to be able to dispel evil and bring good luck.)舞龙dragon dance (to expect good weather and good harvests)戏曲traditional opera杂耍variety show灯谜riddles written on lanterns灯会exhibit of lanterns守岁staying-up拜年pay new year's call; give new year's greetings; pay new year's visit去晦气get rid of the ill- fortune祭祖宗offer sacrifices to one's ancestors 压岁钱gift money; money given to children as a lunar new year giftCultural note: in the old days, new year's money was given in the form of one hundred copper coins strung together on a red string and symbolized the hope that one would live to be a hundred years old. Today, money is placed inside red envelopes considered auspicious and given to represent luck and wealth.辞旧岁bid farewell to the old year扫房spring cleaning; general house-cleaning年糕nian-gao; rise cake; new year cake 团圆饭family reunion dinner年夜饭the dinner on new year's eveLantern FestivalThe Festival of Lanterns takes place at the end of the Chinese New Year Celebration, on the fifteenth day of the first moon. Lanterns have been part of Chinese life for centuries so it's not surprising to see a festival of lanterns.People usually hang lanterns in the gardens, outside the houses, and on the boats. These lanterns are signposts to guide guests and spirits of ancestors to theLunar celebration. After a sumptuous [] fifteen-day feast, these lanternslight the way for the spirits back to the world beyond.Silk, paper and plastic lanterns vary in shape and size and are usually multi-colored. Some are in the shapes of butterflies, birds, flowers, and boats. Other are shaped like dragon, fruit and animal symbols of that year.The special food for the Lantern Festival is Tang Yuan or Yuan Xiao. These are round dumplings made with sticky rice flour. They can be filled and served as a sweet snack or made plain and cooked in a soup with vegetables, meat and dried shrimp. The round shape of the dumpling is a symbol of wholeness, completeness and unity.The Lantern Festival is an occasion for families to get together and for everyone-- young, old, rich and poor to have fun.Tomb-Sweeping FestivalThe Qingming (Pure Brightness) Festival is one of the 24 seasonal division points in China, falling on April 4-6 each year. Afterthe festival, the temperature will rise up and rainfall increases. It is the high time for spring plowing and sowing. But the Qingming Festival is not only a seasonal point to guide farm work, it is more a festival of commemoration.The Qingming Festival sees a combination of sadness and happiness.This is the most important day of sacrifice. Both the Han and minority ethnic groups at this time offer sacrifices to their ancestors and sweep the tombs of the diseased. Also, they will not cook on this day and only cold food is served.The Hanshi (Cold Food) Festival was usually one day before the Qingming Festival. As our ancestors often extended the day to the Qingming, they were later combined.On each Qingming Festival, all cemeteries are crowded with people who came to sweep tombs and offer sacrifices. Trafficon the way to the cemeteries becomes extremely jammed. The customs have been greatly simplified today. After slightly sweeping the tombs, people offer food, flowers and favorites of the dead, then burn incense and paper money and bow before the memorial tablet.In contrast to the sadness of the tomb sweepers, people also enjoy hope of Spring on this day. The Qingming Festival is a time when the sun shines brightly, the trees and grass become green and nature is again lively. Since ancient times, people have followed the custom of Spring outings. At this time tourists are everywhere.People love to fly kites during the Qingming Festival. Kite flying is actually not limited to the Qingming Festival. Its uniqueness lies in that people fly kites not during the day, but also at night. A string of little lanterns tied onto the kite or thethread look like shining stars, and therefore, are called "god's lanterns."The Qingming Festival is also a time to plant trees, for the survival rate of saplings is high and trees grow fast later. In the past, the Qingming Festival was called "Arbor Day". But since 1979, "Arbor Day" was settled as March 12.Dragon Boat FestivalDragon Boat Festival is one of three major Chinese holidays, along with the Spring and Moon Festivals. Of the three, it ispossibly the oldest, dating back to the Warring States Period in 227 B.C. The festival commemorates Qu Yuan, a minister in the service of the Chu Emperor. Despairing over corruption at court, Qu threw himself into a river. Townspeople jumped into their boats and tried in vain to save him. Then, hoping to distract hungry fish from his body, the people scattered rice on the water.Mid-Autumn (Moon)FestivalMid-Autumn Festival falls on the 15th day of the 8th lunar month of the Chinese calendar. At this time, the moon is at its fullest and brightest, marking an ideal time to celebrate the abundance of the summer's harvest. The traditional food of this festival is the mooncake, of which thereare many different varieties.Mid-Autumn Festival is one of the two most important holidays in the Chinese calendar (the other being the Chinese Lunar New Year). Farmers celebrate the end of the summer harvesting season on this date. Traditionally, on this day, Chinese family members and friends will gather to admire the bright mid-autumn harvest moon, and eat mooncakes together. Together with the celebration, there appear some special customs in different parts of the country, such as burning incense, planting Mid-Autumn trees, lighting lanterns on towers, and fire dragon dances. Shops selling mooncakes, before the festival, often display pictures of Chang'e, floating to the moon.Double Ninth DayThe 9th day of September in the lunar calendar is "the Chinese Chong Yang Festival" and a happy occasion in autumn. According to the traditional theory of "Yin" and "Yang", both the 9th month and the 9th day of the month belong to "Yang", which means positive and masculine, and "Chong" means double, thus it is called "Chong Yang".People often gather for a party, appreciate chrysanthemums, pin the leaves of Cornus 茱萸on clothes. And the custom ofclimbing mountains and eating a special cake also features the day.This custom of climbing mountains can be dated back as early as West Han Dynasty. Some old travel notes have it that, people climbed to mountain peaks not only for beautiful scenes and poetic inspiration, but also the avoidance of evil spirits and disasters.This practice came from an ancient folktale. It is said long ago there appeared a devil of plague in the Ruhe River. People lay down and died wherever it came up. A boy named Heng Jing swore to help his neighbors and fellow people to get rid of it. He visited many famous mountains to seek a powerful master. Finally an old Taoist took him in and taught him how to defeat the devil. Heng Jing put his whole heart into study and practice.One day, the Taoist called him up and said, “Heng Jing, tomorrow is the 9th day ofSeptember and the devil will reappear. It is time for you to go home and stop the devil.” The master also gave him a pack of leaves of Cornus and a jar of liquor soaked 浸泡with chrysanthemums. Riding a crane, Heng Jing went a great distance back home in a day. As instructed by his master, he told his fellow villagers to climb up the nearby mountain with a Cornus leaf pinned on their clothes and a glass of chrysanthemum liquor in hand. When the devil of plague came up from under the water, it got dizzy by the scent of Cornus and chrysanthemums. Heng Jing fought with his master's sword and killed the devil in a few rounds. People held parties, drank chrysanthemum liquor to celebrate it. And the next year, the custom of mountain climbing became popular among the villagers.In the golden September, chrysanthemum blooms, reminding people of the folktale.And later a special cake with dates, chestnuts栗子and meat was made to add more festivity to the special day唐一鹤的译文Reminiscent of My Brothers in Puzhou to the East of Huashan on the Double Ninth FestivalBeing a stranger alone in a strange land,I miss my dear ones on every happyfestival with a heavy mind.I know from afar the heights where my brothers have ascendedWith dogwoods水木on their heads but without me accompanied.陈君朴的译文Thinking of My Brothers in Shandong on the Double Ninth FestivalA stranger in a strange land on each holidayI think of my kinsmen with a double care.I know when my brothers wear medicine bagsAt the heights, they would find one to spare.Double Seventh DayThe Double Seventh Day refers to the seventh day of the seventh month on the Chinese lunar calendar. The day is not as well known as many other Chinese festivals. But almost everyone in China, young and old, is very familiar with the story behind this festival.In ancient times, the Double Seventh Day was a festival especially for young women.Girls, no matter from rich or poor families,would put on their holiday best to celebrate the annual meeting of Cowherd and Weaving Maid. Parents would place an incense burner in the courtyard and lay out some fruit as offerings. Then all the girls in the family would kowtow to Cowherd and Weaving Maid and pray for ingenuity[]心灵手巧.In the Tang Dynasty about 1,000 years ago, rich families in the capital city of Chang'an would set up a decorated tower in the courtyard and name it Tower of Praying for Ingenuity. They prayed for various types of ingenuity. Most girls would pray for outstanding sewing or cooking skills. In the past these were important virtues for a woman.Girls and women would gather together in a square and look into the star-filled night sky. They would put their hands behind their backs, holding needle and thread. At the word “Start”, they would try to threadthe needle穿针乞巧. Cowherd and Weaving Maid would bless the one who succeeded first.The same night, the girls and women would also display carved melons and samples of their cookies and other delicacies. During the daytime, they would skillfully carve melons into all sorts of things. Some would make a gold fish. Some preferred flowers. Others would use several melons and carve them into an exquisite building. These melons were called Hua Gua or Carved Melons.The ladies would also show off their fried cookies made in many different shapes. They would invite the Weaving Maid to judge who was the best. Of course, she would not come down to the world because she was busy talking to Cowherd after a long year of separation. These activities gave the girls and women a good opportunity to show their skills and addedfun to the fesstival.Chinese people nowadays, especially city residents, no longer hold such activities. Most young women buy their clothes from shops and most young couples share the housework. The Double Seventh Day is not a public holiday in China. However, it is still a day to celebrate the annual meeting of the loving couple, Cowherd and Weaving Maid. Not surprisingly, many people consider the Double seventh Day the Chinese Valentine's Day.。

中英双语阅读之春节中英双语阅读之春节春节的英文介绍中文部分春节，是农历正月初一，又叫阴历年，俗称“过年”。

这是我国民间最隆重、最热闹的一个传统节日。

春节的历史很悠久，它起源于殷商时期年头岁尾的祭神祭祖活动。

按照我国农历，正月初一古称元日、元辰、元正、元朔、元旦等，俗称年初一，到了民国时期，改用公历，公历的一月一日称为元旦，把农历的一月一日叫春节。

春节到了，意味着春天将要来临，万象复苏草木更新，新一轮播种和收获季节又要开始。

人们刚刚度过冰天雪地草木凋零的漫漫寒冬，早就盼望着春暖花开的日子，当新春到来之际，自然要充满喜悦载歌载舞地迎接这个节日。

千百年来，人们使年俗庆祝活动变得异常丰富多彩，每年从农历腊月二十三日起到年三十，民间把这段时间叫做“迎春日”，也叫“扫尘日”，在春节前扫尘搞卫生，是我国人民素有的传统习惯。

然后就是家家户户准备年货，节前十天左右，人们就开始忙于采购物品，年货包括鸡鸭鱼肉、茶酒油酱、南北炒货、糖饵果品，都要采买充足，还要准备一些过年时走亲访友时赠送的礼品，小孩子要添置新衣新帽，准备过年时穿。

在节前要在住宅的大门上粘贴红纸黄字的新年寄语，也就是用红纸写成的春联。

屋里张贴色彩鲜艳寓意吉祥的年画，心灵手巧的姑娘们剪出美丽的窗花贴在窗户上，门前挂大红灯笼或贴福字及财神、门神像等，福字还可以倒贴，路人一念福倒了，也就是福气到了，所有这些活动都是要为节日增添足够的喜庆气氛。

春节的另一名称叫过年。

在过去的传说中，年是一种为人们带来坏运气的想象中的'动物。

年一来。

树木凋蔽，百草不生;年一过，万物生长，鲜花遍地。

年如何才能过去呢?需用鞭炮轰，于是有了燃鞭炮的习俗，这其实也是烘托热闹场面的又一种方式。

春节是个欢乐祥和的节日，也是亲人团聚的日子，离家在外的孩子在过春节时都要回家欢聚。

过年的前一夜，就是旧年的腊月三十夜，也叫除夕，又叫团圆夜，在这新旧交替的时候，守岁是最重要的年俗活动之一，除夕晚上，全家老小都一起熬年守岁，欢聚酣饮，共享天伦之乐，北方地区在除夕有吃饺子的习俗，饺子的作法是先和面，和字就是合;饺子的饺和交谐音，合和交有相聚之意，又取更岁交子之意。

【中国文化常见翻译】阳历 Solar calendar阴历 Lunar calendar闰年 leap year十二生肖zodiac春节 the Spring Festival元宵节 the Lantern Festival清明节 the Tomb-sweeping Day端午节 the Dragon-boat Festival中秋节 the Mid-autumn Day重阳节 the Double-ninth Day七夕节 the Double-seventh Day春联 spring couplets庙会 temple fair爆竹 firecracker年画(traditional) New Year pictures 压岁钱 New Year gift-money舞龙dragon dance元宵 sweet sticky rice dumplings花灯 festival lantern灯谜 lantern riddle舞狮 lion dance踩高跷 stilt walking赛龙舟 dragon boat race胡同hutong山东菜 Shandong cuisine川菜 Sichuan cuisine粤菜 Canton cuisine扬州菜 Yangzhou cuisine月饼 moon cake年糕 rice cake油条 deep-fried dough sticks豆浆 soybean milk馒头 steamed buns花卷 steamed twisted rolls包子 steamed stuffed buns北京烤鸭 Beijing roast duck拉面 hand-stretched noodles馄饨 wonton (dumplings in soup)豆腐 tofu? bean curd麻花 fried dough twist烧饼 clay oven rolls皮蛋 100-year egg; century egg蛋炒饭 fried rice with egg 糖葫芦 tomatoes on sticks火锅hot pot长城 the Great Wall of China烽火台 beacon tower秦士台皇陵 the Mausoleum of Emperor Qinshihuang兵马俑 Terracotta Warriors and Horses大雁塔 Big Wild Goose Pagoda丝绸之路the Silk Road敦煌莫高窟Mogao Grottoes华清池 Huaqing Hot Springs五台山"Wutai Mountain九华山 Jiuhua Mountain蛾眉山Mount Emei泰山 Mount Tai黄山 Mount Huangshan; the Yellow Mountain故宫 the Imperial Palace天坛 the Temple of Heaven午门 Meridian Gate大运河 Grand Canal护城河the Moat回音壁Echo Wall居庸关 Juyongguan Pass九龙壁 the Nine Dragon Wall黄帝陵 the Mausoleum of Emperor Huangdi十三陵 the Ming Tombs苏州园林 Suzhou gardens西湖 West Lake九寨沟 Jiuzhaigou Valley日月潭 Sun Moon Lake布达拉宫Potala Palace鼓楼 drum tower四合院 quadrangle; courtyard complex孔庙 Confucius Temple乐山大佛 Leshan Giant Buddha十八罗汉 the Eighteen Disciples of the Buddha 喇嘛Lama转世灵重 reincarnated soul boy中药 traditional Chinese medicine《黄帝内经》Emperor Huangdi，s Canon of Traditional Chinese Medicine《神农本草经》Shennong，s Herbal Classic 《本草纲目》Compendium of Materia Medica针灸 acupuncture推拿 medical massage切脉 feeling the pulse五禽戏 five-animal exercises旧石器时代 the Paleolithic Age新石器时代 the Neolithic Age; New Stone Age 母系氏族社会 matriarchal clan society封建的feudal朝代 dynasty秦朝 Qin Dynasty汉朝 Han Dynasty唐朝 Tang Dynasty秦士台皇帝 Emperor Qinshihuang; the First Emperor of Qin皇太后 Empress Dowager汉高祖刘邦 Liu Bang, Emperor Hangaozu, founder of the Han Dynasty成吉思汗Genghis Khan春秋时期 the Spring and Autumn Period文成公主 Tang Princess Wencheng慈禧太后 Empress Dowager Ci Xi皇帝，君主 emperor; monarch诸侯vassal皇妃 imperial concubine丞相，宰相 prime minister太监 court eunuch少数民族 ethnic minority祭祀 offer sacrifices西域 the Western Regions战国 the Warring States中华文明 Chinese civilization文明的摇篮 cradle of civilization秦始皇统一中国 unification of the country by Emperor Qinshihuang鸦片战争the Opium War太平天国 the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom戌戌变法 the Reform Movement of 1898辛亥革命 the 1911 Revolution新民主主义革命 New-democratic Revolution五四运动 the May 4th Movement of 1919南昌起义 Nanchang Uprising918 事变 September 18th Incident长征 the Long March西安事变 Xi"an Incident南京大屠杀Nanjing Massacre 抗日战争 the War of Resistance Against Japan 毛泽东 Mao Tse-tong孙中山 Sun Yat-sen蒋介石 Chiang Kai-shek国民党 Kuomingtang中华人民共和国 the People’s Republic of China (PRC)满族 Manchu蒙古人Mongol士大夫 scholar-officials学者 scholar诗人 poet政治家statesman社会地位social status。

精诚翻译公司五折优惠中六年经验！先翻译后付费学生客户送50元优惠券请您百度搜索精诚翻译Teaching Reform Program of “Figure Make-up Design" Abstract:In this paper, the research object is the reform of “Figure Make-up Design" course, the research purpose is to explore new teaching models for “Figure Make-up Design" course. This article analyzes existing problems in “Figure Make-up Design" course, proposes the teaching concept of cultivating applied talents through increasing feeling of art, force of expression and playing creativity. Based on teaching practice and experience, the author discusses problems related to the course of “Figure Make-up Design".Keywords: Figure make-up，applied talents，teaching reform " Figure Make-up Design" is a compulsory and basic course for students of image design major, it integrates aesthetics and application skills. The course requires strengthening theoretical basis, improving basic aesthetic literacy of students, as well as the improvement of students' practical skills.Along with the development of fashion trend, figure make-up field experiences profound change, the traditional teaching mode can no longer adapt to the demands of a new age. In order to adapt to new requirements on education and teachingsystem,cultivate high-quality talents with innovative abilities, corresponding reform in course system, teaching content, means and methods is needed.1. Main problems exist in course of "Figure Make-up Design" From the perspective of training applied talents, the main problems in the course of "Figure Make-up Design" are as follows. First, textbooks need to be updated constantly. As fashion trend change rapidly, people’s requirements on figure make-up also rise. Old teaching materials can not keep up with the development of times, they need constant updating; Second, teaching methods need to be improved. The traditional teaching way is called the spoon-feeding education, generally teacher speak and students listen. This teaching mode makes the classroom atmosphere more boring, the teaching effect is poor, which influences students' learning interest and is harmful to the cultivation of innovative talents. Third, practice is in lack. The teacher speaks a lot, but students do little, which lead to poor practical ability of students.2. Establish teaching philosophy of training applied talents The main objective of higher education is to cultivate students' creative spirit and practical ability, teaching and learning methods which focus on cultivating spirit ofinnovation and practical ability should be emphasized, training of design connotation and enhancement of expression ability are also critical, students need to be encouraged to feel doubtful about books and teachers, have different understanding.On the one hand, the change of students learning style needs attention, a new learning method in which students’motivation and subjectivity are fully stimulated. The traditional way of studying emphasize too much on accepting and grasping, while neglecting discovery and exploration. Students’learning has become a process of passive acceptance and memorizing.This kind of learning suppress students' interest and enthusiasm, affect the development of students' thinking and intelligence. The change of learning method means emphasis on discovery, exploration and research in learning progress, and students discover, propose and solve more problems, all of these can help enhance learning effect.另一方面，要积极引导学生从事实验活动和实践活动，培养学生乐于动手、勤于实践的意识和习惯。

中国元素单词的翻译中国元素单词的翻译1. 元宵节:Lantern Festival2. 除夕:Chinese New Year’s Eve/Eve of the Spring Festival3. 春节:Spring Festival4. 中秋节:Mid-Autumn Day5. 重阳节:Double-Ninth Festival6. 清明节:T omb sweeping day7. 端午节:Dragon- boat Festival 8. 农历:Lunar Calendar9. 元宵:Tangyuan/Sweet Rice Dumpling 豆浆:soybean milk10. 麻花:fried dough twist 火锅:Hot Pot11.北京烤鸭:Beijing Roast Duck12.小吃摊:Snack Bar/Snack Stand13.春卷:Spring Roll(s)14. 粽子:rice dumpling15. 剪纸:Paper Cutting 16. 中国书法:Chinese calligraphy17. 对联:(Spring Festival) Couplets 18. 中国汉字Chinese characters 19. 中国画:Chinese Painting 20. 中国结:Chinese knots21. 京剧脸谱:Peking Opera Mask 22. 唐装:Tang suit23. 旗袍:Cheongsam 24. 儒家文化:Confucian Culture 孟子:Mencius25. 四合院:Siheyuan/Quadrangle 26. 《西游记》:The Journey to the West 27. 《红楼梦》:A Dream in Red Mansions 28. 《诗经》:The Book of31. 《三国演义》:The Romance of the Three Kingdoms32古装片:Costume Drama . 33. 武打片:Chinese Swordplay Movie34. 针灸:Acupuncture35. 唐三彩:Tri-color Pottery of the Tang Dynasty/ The Tang Tri-colored pottery36. 刺绣:embroidery 37. 秦腔:Crying of Qin People/Qin Opera 38. 京剧:Beijing Opera/Peking Opera 39. 亭/阁:Pavilion/ Attic40. 太极拳:Tai Chi 41. 故宫博物院:The Palace Museum42.天坛:Temple of Heaven43. 24节气:the 24 solar terms43.明十三陵:The Ming Tombs45. 相声:Cross-talk/Comic Dialogue46. 烟花爆竹:fireworks and firecracker 47. 兵马俑:cotta Warriors/ Terracotta Army48. 电视小品:TV Sketch/TV Skit49. 敦煌莫高窟:Mogao Caves50. 文房四宝(笔墨纸砚):"The Four Treasure of the Study" "Brush, Ink stick, Paper, and Inkstone"。

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你可以根据你的需要，分布你炉子产生的热量。

快速热辐射和持久热电池之间有一个平衡。

快速加热的东西，比如周围有一些隔热的辐射管也会快速冷却下来。

相反，慢慢加热的东西，也缓慢冷却，火熄灭几个小时后，管沉到一个巨大的床上或沙发上的系统整夜提供温暖跟舒适。

提前确定你家里烹饪、快速对流换热、直接辐射热的比例。

例如，为了最大限度地提高烹饪效率，使热冒口顶部靠近辐射管，距离约两英寸。

对于大多数可用的辐射热，在辐射管内你坐的那面留一个更宽的套筒，并在其他方向捏套筒。

为了在房间快速加热，你可以用一个更大的辐射管建一个更高的热冒口，可以的话把两个辐射管焊接在一起，或使用另一种大小合适的金属容器。

如果辐射热量不能从辐射管出来，更多热量会流入存储区。

辐射管的部分或全部可以进行包裹，辐射管可以用玉米芯或砖取代。

因此，更多的热量可以用于存储和接触热。

你可能想计算存储和地下烟道的尺寸。

如果炉子后面的墙和休息区没有很高隔热，墙和休息区进行隔热，并在炉子后面增加额外的隔热。

温度可能不高，但避免泡沫。

几英寸的蛭石粘土、珍珠岩、甚至粘土锯末就足够了。

热电池使用矿物纤维复合建筑材料提供了特别的结构灵活性。

这是可供雕刻的媒介，你可以一把一把的使用。

形状是没有限制的，你可以用粘土建任何东西，你应该避免容易脱落的尖角。

储热的形状可以是好看，舒适，符合你人体形状的。

储存热的热电池慢慢加热，且有燃烧的火时最好。

然后，热大范围分散，最后慢慢离开，主要是通过接触跟对流，大多数是在你希望的位置跟时间。

总存储热量受到重量的限制，而不是体积，因此在传热管使用包装紧凑的沉重材料，然后使用较轻、更好的绝缘材料把整个东西包住。

深圳专业翻译公司英语翻译价格qq：6精诚翻译翻译报价50元千字起（市场价格100以上，至少比市场价格低30%或更多，互联网+时代，省去中间的环节，直接对接客户，价格低于翻译行业任何家，低价和经验保证了实力，为很多的大型外企和国企翻译过许多专业文件! 近期还要大幅折扣优惠，欢迎垂询！英译汉是运用汉语把英语所表达的思想准确而完整地重新表达出来的语言活动。

而英译汉的过程则是正确理解英语原文和创造性地用汉语再现英语原文的过程, 在英译汉的过程中, 有两点值得我们特别地注意:(1) 汉语所要表达的是英语原文的内容, 即句子或文章的意义, 而不是句子结构;(2) 在翻译过程中, 英语原文的内容要准确而完整地重新表达出来，而不是将两种语言结构进行简单的转换。

因此,在做英译汉的题目时, 汉语所表达的意义应与原文保持一致, 而汉语的句子结构只是为这一表达服务, 而不应拘泥于原文。

另外, 应付英译汉考试和一般的从事翻译创作不同, 因为各自有不同的衡量标准, 翻译创作的标准为“信、达、雅”, 而英译汉考试则只要做到“忠实、通顺”即可。

要做到忠实原文,就应该掌握好适度原则, 即要把原文的内容准确完整地表达出来, 既不能改变和歪曲, 也不能增加或删减。

例如, He is seriously ill. 这本来是一个极为简单的句子, 可将其翻译为“他病得历害”或“他病得很重”, 但有人为了追求译文所谓的“漂亮”, 把它译成“他苟延残喘”, 这就给译文增加了一定的感情色彩, 违背了忠实的原则, 反而得不偿失。

要做到通顺, 就必须把英语原文翻译成合乎汉语规范的汉语, 译文必须是明白通畅的现代汉语, 即不能逐字逐词的死译, 也不能生吞活剥。

例如, His addi tion completed the list. 有人将该句翻译成“他的加入结束了名单”或“他的加入完成了名单”, 这样的翻译尽管可以使读者能勉强看懂, 但总使人有别扭之感, 根本不象是地道的汉语, 根本就不符合汉语的表达习惯, 关于上句, 我们不妨把它翻译为“把他添上, 名单(上的人)就全了”, 这样采取灵活的方法, 没有生硬地套用原文的结构, 就使得译文合乎汉语的习惯, 使人容易看懂, 读起来也顺口多了。

精诚翻译团队震撼全行业最低价-翻译报价50元千字起（市场价格100以上，至少比传统翻译公司价格低40%或更多，互联网+ 时代，去中介运作，价格优势秒杀翻译行业任一一家机构和团体我们不仅仅是低价，同时我们已经为众多大型外企和国企翻译过许多专业文件，客户评价良好!联系我们可以百度搜索“精诚翻译”Sumaary of bills of quantities单号. 描述金额(US$)1.一般2.场地清理3.Excavation and filling for structure, river training & bridege protection works4.Piple vulvert and draining works5.Passage of traffic6.Sub-base and base7.Bituminous pavement works8.Concrete and pilling works9.Road furture and traffice marking nos10.SubtotalPhysical contingency-5% of subtotal(11)Price contingency 3.6% subtotal (11)Total priceBill NO. GeneralItem no. Description Unit Quantity Unit Rate $ Amount $1.05 a) Providing of furniture and equipment for the site laboratories in accorance with subcalse 141 (e)Of the specificationL.S 1.001.05 b）Plus % for contractors overheads and profit in accorance with sub-clase of the specifications.% 10.001.06 Maintenance of furniture and equipment including communcaiton and suppply of stationaery, computer supliers and other consumables for engineer’s offices in accordance with sub 141(f) of the psecification1.08 a）Vehicles for the engineer in accordance with subclause 141（I）of the specifications.I)Toyotal Land Cruizer, 4WD or equivalent(new car)II)Toyotal Prado, 4WD or equivalent (new car)III)Toyota Pickup,(new car)Subtotal1.08 b）Plus % for contractors overheads and profit in accorance with subclause 141(i) of the specifications1.09 Kilometer traveled by ve hicles for the engineer in accordance with the subclasue 141(j)I）Toyata Land cruizer, 4WD or equivalent (new car)II)Toyota Prado, 4WD or equivalent(new car)III）Toyota Pickup (new car)1.10 KiLOMETER TRAVELED BY rented vehicles for the engineer in accordance with subclause 141（k）of the specifications.1.11 Signboards in accordance with subclause 141 (n) of the specifications.1.12a Environmental monitoring works including resettlement and compliance with safety and security requirements.1.12 b Plus% for contractors overheads in accordane with subcaluse 141(p) of the specificatoin.s1.13 a Construction of 3 nos of wells including detailed hydro-gelogical investigation in accoradeance with sub-clause of the specifications.1.13 b plus % for constractor overheads and profit in accordance with subclause of 406(c) of the psecificaitons.1.14 a Shift and /or raise overhead communication lines and electric in accordance with sub-clause 406(b)Of the specifications.1.14b Plus % for contractors overheads and profit in accordance with subclause 406(b）偶Of the specifications.1.15 a Mogolian national geodetical Benchmark keeping in accordance with subclause 406(d) of the specifications.1.15 b pLUS % for contractors overheads and profit in accordance with subclause 406(d) of the specifications.1.16 a Facilities of road maintenance in accordance with sub-clause 406(e) of the specifications.1.16b pLUS % for contractors overheads and profit in accordance with subclause 406(e) of the specifications.2.01 Site clearance in accordance with subclause 406(a)of the specifications.3.01 Embankment constructio using materials from borrow areas in accordance with subclause 513(a)of the specifications.3.02Embankment constructio using materials from roadway excavations in accordance with subclause 513(a)of the specifications.3.03 Common excavation to spoil in accordance with subclause 513(b)of the specifications.3.04 Rockn excavation to spoil in accordance with subclause 513(c)of the specifications.3.05 Compaction of exisitng ground to 95% MDD (AASHTO T99) l in accordance with subclause 513(d)of the specifications.3.06 Rockfill to embankments in accordance with subclause 513(g)of the specifications.3.07 Excavation for side ditch accordance with subclause 513(h)of the specifications.3.08 Slope protection/Turfen sodding/in ccordance with subclause 513(i)of the specifications.3.09 Stone pitching of drains in accordane with subclause513（o）of the specifications4.01 Excavate for structure in soft materials in accordance with sub-clause 713(a) of the specification.4.02 Excavate for river training in soft materials in accordance with sub-clause 713(b) of the specification.4.03 Extra over sub-clause713（a）for excavation in hard material in accordance with sub-clause 713(d) of the specification.4.04 Granular filter materials in accordance with sub-clause 713(e) of the specification.4.05 Selected granular fill materials in accordance with sub-clause 713 (f ) of the specifications.4.06 Grouted stone pitching in accordance with 713 (g ) of the specificationsA) h=600 mm thk, Flat stone pavingB) h= 200mm thk, Slope pitching /road/4.07 Close-jointed riprap in ccordance with 713 (h ) of the specifications。