电路基础第一章英文版chapter1PPT课件
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电工技术英文版第一章
Electrical Engineering: Principles and Applications, Fifth Edition Allan R. Hambley
Copyright ©2011, ©2008, ©2005 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved.
Figure 1.16 Circuit element for Example 1.3.
Electrical Engineering: Principles and Applications, Fifth Edition Allan R. Hambley
Copyright ©2011, ©2008, ©2005 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved.
Electrical Engineering: Principles and Applications, Fifth Edition Allan R. Hambley
Copyright ©2011, ©2008, ©2005 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved.
Electrical Engineering: Principles and Applications, Fifth Edition Allan R. Hambley
Copyright ©2011, ©2008, ©2005 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved.
电路基础 英文教学 1
•Ideal circuit elements: 理想电路元件 •Lumped parameter elements 集中参数元件 •Ideal independent source 理想电源元件 •Ideal load 理想负载元件 •Ideal coupling elements 理想耦合元件 •Lumped parameter elements & distributed elements 集中参数与分布参数
b U a I U b
4. Power
p = ui
p = − ui
•Emphasis重点 1.current and voltage reference direction
•1-1 Introduction •1-2 Basic Concepts and System of Units •1-3 Charge and Current •1.4 Voltage •1.5 Power and Energy •1-6 Circuit Elements •1-9 Summary and Review
1.3.2 Current 电流： 电流：
Electric current is the time rate of change of charge, measured in amperes (A).
i ( t ) = dq ( t ) / dt q =
1A=1C/1s(秒) 1kA=1000A，1mA=10-3A， 1µA=10-6A，1nA=10－9A
Active elements (有源元件）
dependent source 受控源
Summary: 1. Current 2. Voltage 3. Potential
大学电路原理第一章课件
电 池
导线
导线(line)、开关（switch)： 将电源与负载接成通路.
电路的作用
转换、传输、分配电能 传输和处理各种信号
二、电路模型 (circuit model) 1. 理想电路元件： 由实际元件抽象出来具有某种单一电磁性质的假想元件。 导线： 电阻： 电感： 电容： 电源： 只流通电流，不消耗能量 表示消耗电能的元件 表示各种电感线圈产生磁场，储存电能的作用 表示各种电容器产生电场，储存电能的作用 表示各种将其它形式的能量转变成电能的元件
º + u1 _ º
i2
º º
i2=gu1 VCCS
(1) 独立源电压(或电流)由电源本身决定，与电路中其它电 压、电流无关，而受控源电压(或电流)由控制量决定。 (2) 独立源作为电路中“激励”，在电路中产生电压、电 流，而受控在电路中不能作为“激励”。 独立源 控制量 受控源
例1：
+
i
10k u1 + 20u1 VCCS 10k u0
d
ϕa=Uac， ϕb=Ubc， ϕd=Udc
c
性质： 参考点可任意选择，一但选定各点电位确定。 参考 点不同，各点电位数值不同。
两点间电压与电位的关系：
电路中任意两点间的电压等于该两点间的电位差。 a b 例 ϕa–ϕd = Uac –Udc =Uac +Ucd= Uad d c 当 Uad > 0
E _
I V R U
0 E
-----------------
I r + U _ +
r=0时 实际电压源 理想电压源
I U=E–rI
i U=E–rI
二、理想电流源：电源输出电流为iS，其值与此电源的端电 压 u 无关。 直流：iS为常数 交流： iS是确定的时间函数，如 iS=Imsinωt
电路基础理论英文版课件第一章
Measurement
Resistance is measured in ohms (Ω) using a ohmmeter.
Definition
Definition
Capacitance is the ability of a capacitor to store electrical energy. It is measured by the capacity of the capacitor to hold a charge.
详细描述
04
Analysis methods for circuits
单击此处添加正文，文字是您思想的提炼，为了最终呈现发布的良好效果，请尽量言简意赅的阐述观点；单击此处添加正文，文字是您思想的提炼，为了最终呈现发布的良好效果，请尽量言简意赅的阐述观点；单击此处添加正文，文字是您思想的提炼，为了最终呈现发布的良好效果，请尽量言简意赅的阐述观点；单击此处添加正文 10*16
A circuit that allows the flow of AC current, typically used in household and industrial applications.
பைடு நூலகம்
Definition of Circuit
Components
01
Circuit components include resistors, capacitors, inductors, diodes, transistors, and power sources. These components are connected to form a complete circuit.
contents
目 录
Resistance is measured in ohms (Ω) using a ohmmeter.
Definition
Definition
Capacitance is the ability of a capacitor to store electrical energy. It is measured by the capacity of the capacitor to hold a charge.
详细描述
04
Analysis methods for circuits
单击此处添加正文，文字是您思想的提炼，为了最终呈现发布的良好效果，请尽量言简意赅的阐述观点；单击此处添加正文，文字是您思想的提炼，为了最终呈现发布的良好效果，请尽量言简意赅的阐述观点；单击此处添加正文，文字是您思想的提炼，为了最终呈现发布的良好效果，请尽量言简意赅的阐述观点；单击此处添加正文 10*16
A circuit that allows the flow of AC current, typically used in household and industrial applications.
பைடு நூலகம்
Definition of Circuit
Components
01
Circuit components include resistors, capacitors, inductors, diodes, transistors, and power sources. These components are connected to form a complete circuit.
contents
目 录
电路与电子技术课件(英文版)-第一章 电路的基本概念
Topics Covered
Week 1
Week 2
Monday Nov. 25, 2019
Tuesday Nov. 26, 2019
Friday Nov. 29, 2019
Monday Dec. 2, 2019
Tuesday Dec. 3, 2019
Friday Dec. 6, 2019
Fundamentals of Electric Circuits: Elements of electric circuits; Kirchhoff’s law; Voltage/Current divider laws; Series and parallel circuits
10
Alessandra Volta (1745 – 1827)
Kirchhoff’s Voltage Law(KVL)
▪ The voltage, or potential difference, btw two points in a circuit indicates the energy required to move charge from one point to the other.
13
Kirchhoff’s Voltage Law(KVL)
▪ The principle underlying KVL is that no energy is lost or created in an electric circuit; in circuit terms, the sum of all voltages associated with source must equal the sum of the load voltages, so that the net voltage around a closed circuit is _________?.
P1U1教学课件
v. 消除，对消
4. 难句翻译 [1] In the case of a resistor, the voltage-current relationship is given by Ohm’s law, which states that the voltage across the resistor is equal to the current through the resistor multiplied by the value of the resistance. 就电阻来说，电压—电流的关系由欧姆定律决定。欧姆定律指出：电 阻两端的电压等于电阻上流过的电流乘以电阻值。 Which做关系代词，以引出非限制性定语从句。
Faraday’s law
法拉第定律
proportional to 与…成正比
The voltage across a pure inductor is defined by Faraday’s law, which states that the voltage across the inductor is proportional to the rate of change with time of the current through the inductor. Thus we have
essentially constant 基本不变
Active electrical elements occur in two basic forms: voltage sources and current sources. In their ideal form, voltage sources generate a constant voltage independent of the current drawn from the source. The aforementioned battery and generator are regarded as voltage sources since their voltage is essentially constant with load. On the other hand, current sources produce a current whose magnitude is independent of the load connected to the source. Although current sources are not as familiar in practice, the concept does find wide use in representing an amplifying device, such as the transistor, by means of an equivalent electrical circuit. Symbolic representations of voltage and current sources are shown in Fig.2
《电路理论基础AⅠ》课件
《电路理论基础AⅠ》PPT课件
目 录
• 电路理论基础简介 • 电路的基本概念 • 电路的分析方法 • 交流电路的分析 • 一阶动态电路的分析 • 二阶动态电路的分析
01 电路理论基础简介
电路理论的发展历程
19世纪初
电路理论开始萌芽，主要研究简单电 路和电阻元件。
19世纪末
麦克斯韦方程组建立，为电磁场和电 路理论奠定了基础。
计算机工程
计算机硬件设计、 电路板制作、微处 理器设计等。
能源工程
电力系统、电机设 计、可再生能源等 。
学习电路理论的重要性
01
掌握电路的基本原理和 分析方法，为后续电子 类课程打下基础。
02
培养逻辑思维和问题解 决能力，提高综合素质 。
03
为未来从事电子、通信 、计算机等相关领域的 工作提供必要的知识储 备。
详细描述
电流、电压和功率是电路的基本物理量。电流表示单位时间内通过导体的电荷量，电压表示电场中电 位差的大小，功率则表示单位时间内消耗或转换的能量。这些物理量是描述电路状态和进行电路分析 的重要参数。
电路的工作状态
总结词
电路的工作状态分为有载、开路和短路三种 。
详细描述
电路的工作状态可以分为有载、开路和短路 三种。有载状态是指电路中存在正常电流， 且电源向负载提供电能；开路状态是指电路 中无电流流过，负载不工作；短路状态则是 指电流流过电阻较小的导体，导致电源输出 端短路，可能引起严重后果。了解电路的工
描述一阶动态电路输出与输入之间 关系的数学表达式。
03
02
频率响应
描述一阶动态电路对不同频率信号 的响应特性。
极点和零点
描述传递函数特性的参数，影响频 率响应的形状。
目 录
• 电路理论基础简介 • 电路的基本概念 • 电路的分析方法 • 交流电路的分析 • 一阶动态电路的分析 • 二阶动态电路的分析
01 电路理论基础简介
电路理论的发展历程
19世纪初
电路理论开始萌芽，主要研究简单电 路和电阻元件。
19世纪末
麦克斯韦方程组建立，为电磁场和电 路理论奠定了基础。
计算机工程
计算机硬件设计、 电路板制作、微处 理器设计等。
能源工程
电力系统、电机设 计、可再生能源等 。
学习电路理论的重要性
01
掌握电路的基本原理和 分析方法，为后续电子 类课程打下基础。
02
培养逻辑思维和问题解 决能力，提高综合素质 。
03
为未来从事电子、通信 、计算机等相关领域的 工作提供必要的知识储 备。
详细描述
电流、电压和功率是电路的基本物理量。电流表示单位时间内通过导体的电荷量，电压表示电场中电 位差的大小，功率则表示单位时间内消耗或转换的能量。这些物理量是描述电路状态和进行电路分析 的重要参数。
电路的工作状态
总结词
电路的工作状态分为有载、开路和短路三种 。
详细描述
电路的工作状态可以分为有载、开路和短路 三种。有载状态是指电路中存在正常电流， 且电源向负载提供电能；开路状态是指电路 中无电流流过，负载不工作；短路状态则是 指电流流过电阻较小的导体，导致电源输出 端短路，可能引起严重后果。了解电路的工
描述一阶动态电路输出与输入之间 关系的数学表达式。
03
02
频率响应
描述一阶动态电路对不同频率信号 的响应特性。
极点和零点
描述传递函数特性的参数，影响频 率响应的形状。
电路(英文版)第一章ppt课件
② If use Non-Passive sign convention, the relation will be minus；
③Indicate the resistor have no memory,and symmetrical at two terminal。 i R
Ohm’s law
u
+
Practise Calculate the power of every part.
Solve
i iS 2A
+
5V u
u 5V
P A iS u 2 5 10 W 2
P V uS i 5 (2) 10 W 5
-
release release
P（发）＝P（吸）
2. Fuel Cell(燃料电池）
电池电动势1.23V。以氢、氧作为燃料。约40-45%的化学能 转变为电能。实验阶段加燃料可继续工作。
氢氧燃料电池示意图
3. Solar Cell (太阳能电池）
一块太阳能电池电动势0.6V。太阳光照射到P-N结上， 形成一个从N区流向P区的电流。约 11%的光能转变为电 能，故常用太阳能电池板。 一个50cm2太阳能电池的电动势0.6V,电流0.1A
u
iS
0 i
例
Direct Current
+
u
iS
R
u RiS
u0
( R 0)
Resitor
u ( R )
Current source can’t be opend！
返 回
上 页
下 页
Actual Current soruce： 可由稳流电子设备产生，如晶体管的集电极 电流与负载无关；光电池在一定光线照射下光电 子被激发产生一定值的电流等。
Chapter01电子课件
术语“相位”是反映的是某一时间上两点之间的不同。如果 两个正弦波电压在同一时刻到达它们的零点和最大值，就说 它们是同相位的。
Chapter 1 Circuit Fundamentals [7]The power ratings of motors and generators is greater when three-phase ac power is used. For a certain frame size, the rating of a three-phase ac motor is almost 50% larger than a similar single-phase ac motor.
当使用三相交流电源时，电动机和发电机的功率额定值要比 单相的大得多。对某一结构尺寸的交流电动机，三相交流电 动机的功率额定值要比相似的单相交流电动机大约大50％。
Chapter 1 Circuit Fundamentals 5. 重点段落翻译 [1] 第2页第1段落 “Electrical charges are used to filter … … or positive charge.”
导体价电子层电子的运动产生电流。导体原子的外部电子叫 做自由电子，当这些电子运动时释放出能量，从而做功。
Chapter 1 Circuit Fundamentals [4]A circuit is a path or conductor for electric current flow. Electric current flows only when it has a complete, or closed-circuit, path. There must be a source of electrical energy to cause current to flow along a closed path.
Chapter 1 Circuit Fundamentals [7]The power ratings of motors and generators is greater when three-phase ac power is used. For a certain frame size, the rating of a three-phase ac motor is almost 50% larger than a similar single-phase ac motor.
当使用三相交流电源时，电动机和发电机的功率额定值要比 单相的大得多。对某一结构尺寸的交流电动机，三相交流电 动机的功率额定值要比相似的单相交流电动机大约大50％。
Chapter 1 Circuit Fundamentals 5. 重点段落翻译 [1] 第2页第1段落 “Electrical charges are used to filter … … or positive charge.”
导体价电子层电子的运动产生电流。导体原子的外部电子叫 做自由电子，当这些电子运动时释放出能量，从而做功。
Chapter 1 Circuit Fundamentals [4]A circuit is a path or conductor for electric current flow. Electric current flows only when it has a complete, or closed-circuit, path. There must be a source of electrical energy to cause current to flow along a closed path.
电路分析基础第一章ppt课件
课程主要任务(task)：在给定电路结构和元件参数条件下，学习各种电
路所共有的基本规律（电路元件的伏安关系、基尔霍夫定律和电路定理 等）以及电路的各种基本分析计算方法。
课程主要目的(aim)：深入理解电路的基本规律、定律和定理及有关物
理概念，系统掌握求解电路的基本分析方法及一些典型电路的特殊分析 方法和技巧等。充分了解这些规律、概念、方法的适用范围和使用条件 ，能用所学的电路基础理论知识去解决今后在学习和工作中所遇到的实 际电路问题。
理想电路元件是实际电路元器件的理想化和近 似，其电磁特性唯一、精确，可定量分析和计算。
理想电路基本元件分有源和无源两大类
无源二端元件
有源二端元件
+
IS
US
R 电阻元件 只具耗能 的电特性
L
C – 电容元件 只具有储 存电能的 电特性
注意
电感元件 只具有储 存磁能的 电特性
5种基本理想电路元件有三个特征：
§1-1 电路及集总电路模型
一. 实际电路(actual circuit)
由电阻器、电容器、电感线圈、电源等元件和半导体器 件等相互连接而构成的电路称为实际电路。 此外，现代微电子技术已经可以将若干部、器件不可分
离地制作在一起，电气上互连，电路成为一个整体，这就
是集成电路。
典型的元器件实物照片
电容器
理想电压源 输出电压恒 定，输出电 流由它和负 载共同决定
理想电流源 输出电流恒 定，两端电 压由它和负 载共同决定
（a）只有两个端子；
（b）可以用电压或电流按数学方式描述； （c）不能被分解为其他元件。
路的飞跃发展、计算机技术的迅猛发展和广泛应用等等，
都给电路理论提出了新课题，也促进了电路理论的发展。电路理论的内 容十分广泛，它是电工、电子和信息科学技术的重要理论基础之一。
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The charge e on one electron is negative and equal in magnitude to 1.602 10-19 C which is called as electronic charge. The charges that occur in nature are integral multiples of the electronic charge.
6
Electric current i = dq/dt. The unit of current is the ampere (A),
and it can be derived as 1 A = 1C/s. • A direct current (dc) is a current that
remains constant with time. • An alternating current (ac) is a
Basic unit meter
kilogram second ampere kelvin
mole candela
Symbol m Kg s A K
mol cd
3
The derived units commonly used in electric circuit theory
Decimal multiples and submultiples of SI units 4
11
We should pay close attention to that the arrow is a fundamental part of the definition of the current! Thus, to talk about the value of a current i (t) without specifying the arrow is to discuss an undefined entity. For example, Fig. 1.3a is the proper definitive, whereas Fig. 1.3b apresentation of i(t) symbology.
current that varies sinusoidally with time. (reverse direction)
7
Current (2)
• The direction of current flow
Positive ions
Figure 1.1
Negative ions
8
Figure 1.2 (a) A direct current (dc) (b) An alternating
current (ac)
9
Current (3)
Example 1
A conductor has a constant current of 5 A. How many electrons pass a fixed point on the conductor in one minute?
10
Solution
Fundamentals of Electric Circuits
2010.9
Basic Components and Electric Circuits
1
Chapter 1 Basic Components and Electric Circuits
1.1 Systems of Units. 1.2 Electric Quantities 1.3 Circuit Elements 1.4 Ohm’s Law and Linear
Current (4)
Total no. of charges pass in 1 min is given by 5 A = (5 C/s)(60 s/min) = 300 C/min
Total no. of electronics pass in 1 min is given
1 .6 0 2 x 3 1 0 0 0 1 9 C C /m /e in le c tr o n 1 .8 7 1 0 2 1e le c tr o n s /m in
5
2. Current (1)
The motion of charges forms the electric current in a wire The current has both a numerical value and a direction associated with it
it is a measure of the rate at which charge is moving past a given reference point in a specified direction (such as the one shown in Fig.1.1).
12
i(t)
i(t)
(a)
(b)
(c)
Figure 1.3 (a) the correct definition of i(t) (b, c) incomplete, improper and incorrect definitions of a current
Resistor 1.5 Summary and Review
2
1.1 System of Units (1)
Seven basic units
Quantity Length Mass Time Electric current Thermodynamic temperature Amount of substance Luminous intensity
1.2 Electric Quantities
1.charge
• Charge is an electrical property of the atomic particles of which matter consists, measured in coulombs (C).
• One of the most fundamental concepts in electric circuit analysis is that of charge conservation.
6
Electric current i = dq/dt. The unit of current is the ampere (A),
and it can be derived as 1 A = 1C/s. • A direct current (dc) is a current that
remains constant with time. • An alternating current (ac) is a
Basic unit meter
kilogram second ampere kelvin
mole candela
Symbol m Kg s A K
mol cd
3
The derived units commonly used in electric circuit theory
Decimal multiples and submultiples of SI units 4
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We should pay close attention to that the arrow is a fundamental part of the definition of the current! Thus, to talk about the value of a current i (t) without specifying the arrow is to discuss an undefined entity. For example, Fig. 1.3a is the proper definitive, whereas Fig. 1.3b apresentation of i(t) symbology.
current that varies sinusoidally with time. (reverse direction)
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Current (2)
• The direction of current flow
Positive ions
Figure 1.1
Negative ions
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Figure 1.2 (a) A direct current (dc) (b) An alternating
current (ac)
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Current (3)
Example 1
A conductor has a constant current of 5 A. How many electrons pass a fixed point on the conductor in one minute?
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Solution
Fundamentals of Electric Circuits
2010.9
Basic Components and Electric Circuits
1
Chapter 1 Basic Components and Electric Circuits
1.1 Systems of Units. 1.2 Electric Quantities 1.3 Circuit Elements 1.4 Ohm’s Law and Linear
Current (4)
Total no. of charges pass in 1 min is given by 5 A = (5 C/s)(60 s/min) = 300 C/min
Total no. of electronics pass in 1 min is given
1 .6 0 2 x 3 1 0 0 0 1 9 C C /m /e in le c tr o n 1 .8 7 1 0 2 1e le c tr o n s /m in
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2. Current (1)
The motion of charges forms the electric current in a wire The current has both a numerical value and a direction associated with it
it is a measure of the rate at which charge is moving past a given reference point in a specified direction (such as the one shown in Fig.1.1).
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i(t)
i(t)
(a)
(b)
(c)
Figure 1.3 (a) the correct definition of i(t) (b, c) incomplete, improper and incorrect definitions of a current
Resistor 1.5 Summary and Review
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1.1 System of Units (1)
Seven basic units
Quantity Length Mass Time Electric current Thermodynamic temperature Amount of substance Luminous intensity
1.2 Electric Quantities
1.charge
• Charge is an electrical property of the atomic particles of which matter consists, measured in coulombs (C).
• One of the most fundamental concepts in electric circuit analysis is that of charge conservation.