3.完型填空 翻译
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第三章:完型填空&翻译完型填空做题技巧(一)Prep Tips for ClozeI.做题步骤:1、通读全文,了解文章大意;文章两种模式:总分、对比;2、初选答案(排除法、优选法);3、寻找线索;4、回头补缺;5、核实答案。
II.出题重点:1.词语的辨析:2.逻辑关系:3.固定结构1.词语的辨析:1)同义词;2)反义词;3)形近词;形近词举例:Test 2... or down frightening hillsides to towns __87__ in deep valleys.87. A)lying B) laying C) laid D) lied注:说谎:lie lied lied lying躺:lie lay lain lying放置,下蛋:lay laid laid laying2.逻辑关系:1)列举/种属关系:such…as; especially; in particular; specifically; for example; for instance; likely;2)因果关系:because (of); due to; owing to; thanks to; since; for; as; for the reason that; seeing that; in that3)并列/递进:besides; likewise; moreover; also; too; what’s more; apart from; except; furthermore;not noly…but also….; in addition;4)转折/让步关系:however; but; nevertheless; nonetheless; whereas; still; though; although; anyhow; anyway; in any case; yet;5)对比关系:by contrast; in contrast; by comparison; like; as…as; on the contrary; conversely; oppositely; ….than….;逻辑关系举例1:Test 4Sometimes homework is returned 76 brief written comments but without a grade. 76. A) by B) in C) for D) with71. A)Although B) Since C) Because D) Therefore72. A) stable B) splendid C)smooth D) complicated73. A) little B) few C) much D) many74. A) selections B) separations C) series D)sections75. A) terrible B) possible C)enjoyable D) profitable3.固定结构的识别:提高阅读的速度、对于内容有合理的预期、有利于总体把握文章:(1): some…, others…; either…or…; neither…nor…; too…to…; so…that…; not…until…; hardly…when…; no sooner…than…; not only…but also…76. A)Some B) Many C) Most D) Few77. A) outside B) except C) as D) like81. A) second B) later C) next D)latteras: adv.同样地, 被看作, 象prep.当做conj.与...一样, 当...之时, 象, 因为like: v喜欢, 希望, 愿意adv.可能prep.象, 如同(2).搭配:例如:a. + n.; ad. + v. ; take advantage of….; make use of….等;(3).动词用法:1)主谓一致;2)时态;3)语态;4)非谓语动词;(4).介词用法:1)介词与名词;2)介词与动词;3)介词与形容词;翻译总论:中英差异1、英语重结构、汉语重语意:1)好好学习,天天向上:Work hard and make progress everyday.2)你不知道谁知道:If you don’t know, who knows!2、英语多长句、汉语多短句:Now the earth was formless and empty, darkness was over the surface of the deep, and theSpirit of God was hovering over the waters. (Bible)地是空虚混沌,渊面黑暗;神的灵运行在水面上。
3、英语多从句、汉语多分句:He could not see the green of the shore now but only the tops of the blue hills that showed white as though they were snow-capped and the clouds that looked like high snow mountains above them.(Ernest Hemingway: The Old Man and the Sea)他眼下已看不见海岸的那一道绿色了,只看得见那些青山的仿佛积着白雪的山峰,以及山峰上空像是高耸的雪山般的云块。
(吴劳译)4、英语多代词、汉语多名词:Erich Segal: Love StoryJenny:“Oh, ‘what a falling off was there’. Who said that?”Oliver:“I don’t know”, I replied, “Shakespeare?”Jenny:“Yes, but who said it?”She said anxiously.“I can’t even remember which play it was in.”5、英语多被动、汉语多主动:1)常见句型:(1)It is said that据说(2)It is believed that人们认为(3)It is reported that据报道(4)It is estimated that 据估计(5)It must be pointed out that必须指出(6)It must be admitted that 必须承认(7)It has been found that 实践证明(8)It is suggested that 有人建议(9)It is agreed that人们认为(10)It is imagined that 人们认为(11)It cannot be denied that 不可否认(12)It will be seen from this that 由此可知(13)It should be realized that 必须认识到(14)It is always stressed that人们总是强调(15)It is generally considered that 人们普遍认为(16)It may be said without fear of exaggeration that 可以毫不夸张的说2)主被均可:(1)That book must have been taken away by Wang Fei.(2)In the development of social economy, the culture tradition must be kept.(3)The economic development is decided to great extent by science and technology.3)主译为宾:New sources of energy must be found, and this will take time, but it is not likely to result in any situation that will ever restore that sense of cheap and plentiful energy we have had in the past time.Gettysburg Address:Four score and seven years ago, our fathers brought forth upon this continent, a new nation, conceived in Liberty, and dedicated to the proposition that all men are created equal. (Abraham Lincoln)林肯《葛底斯堡演讲》:87年前,我们的先辈们在这个大陆上创立了一个新国家,它主张自由,并且信仰一种理论,那就是人类生而平等。
6、英语多变化、汉语多重复:“Man’s Youth”(Thomas Wolfe):Man’s youth is a wonderful thing: it is so full of anguish and of magic and he never comes to know it as it is, until it has gone from him forever.《青春啊青春》:青春是如此的奇妙,充满着苦痛,也充满着神奇。
翩翩少年永远不知青春为何物,直到年华已逝,才如梦初醒。
7、英语多抽象、汉语多具体:1)lack of perseverance三天打鱼、两天晒网2)await with great anxiety望穿秋水3)with great eagerness 如饥似渴4)Until such time as mankind has the sense to lower its population to the point where the planet can provide a comfortable support for all, people will have to accept more “unnatural food.”8、英语多引申、汉语多推理:1)You know a word by the company it keeps. 知人看伴,知词看文2)Words do not have meaning, but people have meaning for them. 词本无义,义随心生3)The Ten Secrets of Abundant Love(Adam Jackson)”The Power of Passion”: Passion can be recreated by recreating past experiences when you felt passionate.《爱的十大秘密》:当你充满激情的再现以往经历时,你就会再现激情。