蛋白质翻译总结

proteins翻译proteins的中文翻译为蛋白质。

蛋白质是生命体内重要的营养物质，由氨基酸构成。

它在维持身体健康和功能方面起着重要作用。

以下是一些蛋白质的用法和中英文对照例句：1. 蛋白质的功能：- 蛋白质是构成细胞、组织和器官的基本组成部分。

Proteins are the basic building blocks of cells, tissues, and organs.- 蛋白质参与细胞信号传导和调节生物化学反应。

Proteins are involved in cell signaling and regulating biochemical reactions.- 蛋白质在免疫系统中起到抗体和免疫调节剂的作用。

Proteins play a role in the immune system as antibodies and immune modulators.- 蛋白质在运输和储存营养物质方面具有重要功能。

Proteins have important functions in transporting and storing nutrients.- 蛋白质参与肌肉收缩和运动能力的维持。

Proteins are involved in muscle contraction and maintaining physical performance.2. 蛋白质的来源：- 动物性食品，如肉、鱼、奶制品和蛋类，富含高质量的蛋白质。

Animal-based foods such as meat, fish, dairy products, and eggs are rich sources of high-quality proteins.- 植物性食品，如豆类、谷物、坚果和种子，也含有蛋白质。

Plant-based foods such as legumes, grains, nuts, and seeds also contain proteins.- 蛋白质补充剂可以作为蛋白质摄入的补充或替代品。

蛋白质翻译名词解释蛋白质(Protein)，又称朊(Carboxylic)，化学结构通式为C16 H12O10(NH2)2，由20种氨基酸按一定顺序连接而成的一大类生物大分子。

它是与生命及与各种形式的生命活动紧密联系在一起的物质。

它是我们身体的重要组成部分，是在生物遗传、变异和自然选择中起决定性作用的主要遗传物质。

各种蛋白质之间在结构上具有一定的相似性，所以，常常把它们称为同源性物质。

1。

蛋白质：(1) protein，蛋白质： protein2。

蛋白质： ( 1) protein，蛋白质： protein2。

protein，蛋白质： ( 2)RNA(ribonucleic acid)核糖核酸： nucleic acid3。

蛋白质：RNA(ribonucleic acid)核糖核酸： nucleic acid4。

蛋白质：DNA(deoxyribonucleic acid)脱氧核糖核酸： deoxyribonucleic acid5。

蛋白质： RNA(ribonucleic acid)核糖核酸：deoxyribonucleic acid6。

蛋白质： DNA(deoxyribonucleic acid)脱氧核糖核酸： deoxyribonucleic acid7。

蛋白质：DNA(deoxyribonucleic acid)脱氧核糖核酸： deoxyribonucleic acid8。

蛋白质： RNA(ribonucleic acid)核糖核酸：deoxyribonucleic acid9。

蛋白质： DNA(deoxyribonucleic acid)脱氧核糖核酸： deoxyribonucleic acid10。

蛋白质：RNA(ribonucleic acid)核糖核酸： deoxyribonucleic acid11。

蛋白质： RNA(ribonucleic acid)核糖核酸： deoxyribonucleic acid12。

蛋白质英语怎么说蛋白质的英语说法1：protein蛋白质的英语说法2：proteide蛋白质分解proteolysis;DNA-蛋白质复合物DNA-proteincomplex;蛋白质工程{遗}proteinengineering;蛋白质合成proteinsynthesis;蛋白质结构proteinstructure;蛋白质进化proteinevolution;蛋白质缺乏poteindeficiency;蛋白质纤维proteinfiber蛋白质的英语例句：1.Foodismadeupofcarbohydrates,proteinsandfats.食物由碳水化合物、蛋白质和脂肪构成。

2.Toomuchproteininthedietmayadvancetheageingprocess.饮食中摄入过量蛋白质可能会加速衰老。

3.Researchershaveisolatedanewproteinfromtheseedsofpoppie s.kproductsareanexcellentsourceofcalciumandprotein.奶制品富含钙与蛋白质。

5.Proteinmoleculescomposeallthecomplexworkingpartsoflivi ngcells.活细胞中所有复杂的运行成分都由蛋白质分子构成。

6.Fishandchipsarepackedwithprotein.炸鱼薯条富含蛋白质。

7.Fishisarichsourceofprotein.鱼肉富含蛋白质。

8.Theseproteinsstimulatetheproductionofbloodcells.这些蛋白质会刺激血细胞的产生。

9.essentialproteinsandvitamins必不可少的蛋白质和维生素10.Theplantrequiresnitrogeninordertomakeproteins.11.ProteinsandDNAarepolymers.蛋白质和脱氧核糖核酸都是聚合体.12.Ricecontainsproteinandfat.大米含蛋白质和脂肪.13.Soybeansareveryrichinprotein.大豆含有丰富的蛋白质.ksolidsincludesalts,proteinandsugar.牛乳中的固态物质包括盐分、蛋白质和糖.15.Overtime,theproteinintheeggshellbreaksdownintoitscons tituentaminoacids.时间久了，蛋壳中的蛋白质就会分解为其构成成分氨基酸。

氨基酸的活化a.起始信号（AUG-甲硫氨酸密码子）和缬氨酸（GUG）极少出现i.真核生物起始氨基酸—甲硫氨酸，原核生物-甲酰甲硫氨酸ii.SD序列：存在于原核生物起始密码子AUG上游7~12个核苷酸处的一种4~7个核苷酸的保守片段，与16srRNA3’端反向互补。

功能将mRNA的AUG起始密码子置于核糖体的适当位置以便起始翻译作用。

1)原核生物的SD序列：原核mRNA起始密码子上一段可与核糖体结合的序列。

30s小亚基首先与翻译因子IF-1（与30s结合）和IF-3（稳定小亚基，帮助其与mRNA结合位点的识别）结合，通过SD序列与mRNA模板相结合。

iii.真核生物依赖于结合5'帽，核糖体小亚基沿mRNA5'端帽子结构扫描到RBSiv.在IF2起始因子和GTP的帮助下，fMet-tRNA进入小亚基的P位，tRNA上的反密码子与mRNA密码子配对。

v.小亚基复合物与50s大亚基结合，GTP水解，释放翻译起始因子vi.翻译的起始b.后续氨基酸与核糖体的集合：第二个氨酰-tRNA与EF-Tu.GTP形成复合物，进入核糖体的A位，水解产生GDP并在EF-Ts的作用下释放GDP并使EF-Tu结合另一分子GTP形成新的循环。

i.肽键的生成：AA-tRNA占据A位，fMet-tRNA占据P位，在肽基转移酶的催化下，A位上的AA-tRNA转移到P位，P位上的起始tRNA转移至E位，与fMet-tRNA上的氨基酸生产肽键。

起始RNA随后离开。

ii.移位：核糖体通过EF-G介导的GTP水解所提供的能量向mRNA模板3'末端移动一个密码子，二肽基-tRNA完全进入P位点iii.肽链的延申c.当终止密码子UAA,UAG，UGA出现在核糖体的A位时，没有相应的AA-tRNA能与其结合，而释放因子能识别密码子并与之结合，水解P位上的多肽链与tRNA之间的二酯键，然后新生的肽链释放，核糖体大小亚基解体i.肽链的终止d.N端fMet或Met的切除i.二硫键的形成ii.特定氨基酸的修饰iii.新生肽段非功能片段的切除iv.蛋白质前体的加工e.无义突变：DNA序列中任何导致编码氨基酸的三联密码子突变转变为终止密码子UAA,UGA,UAG中的突变，使得蛋白质合成提前终止，合成无功能或无意义的多肽。

Summary of amino acid,peptide and protein氨基酸，肽和蛋白质的总结The 20 amino acids commonly found as products of proteins contain an α-carboxyl group, an α-amino group, and a distinctive R group substituted on the α-carbon atom.20种氨基酸通常是蛋白质的水解产物，含有一个阿尔法羧基，一个阿尔法氨基和一个连接在a碳上的不同R基。

The α-carbon atom of the amino acids (except glycine) is asymmetric, and thus amino acids can exist in at least two stereoisomeric forms.（除甘氨酸外）阿尔法碳原子是不对称的，因此氨基酸至少存在两个立体异构体。

Only the L stereoisomers, which are related to the absolute configuration of L-glyceraldehyde, are found in proteins. The amino acids are classified on the basis of the polarity of their R groups. The nonpolar, aliphatic class includes alanine, glycine, isoleucine, leucine, proline, and valine. Phenylalanine, tryptophan, and tyrosine have aromatic side chains and are also relatively hydrophobic. The polar, uncharged class includes asparagine, cysteine, glutamine, methionine, serine, and threonine. The negatively charged (acidic) amino acids are aspartate and glutamate; the positively charge (basic) ones are arginine, histidine, and lysine. There are also a large ndmber of nonstandard amino acids that occur in some proteins (as a result of the modification of standard amino acids) or as free metabolites in cells.Monoamino monocarboxylic amino acids are diprotic acids (+H3NCH(R)COOH) at low pH. As the pH is raised to about 6, near the isoelectric point, the proton is lost from the carboxyl group to form the dipolar or zwitterionic species +H3NCH(R)COO-, which is electrically neutral. Further increase in pH causes loss of the second proton, to yield the ionic species H2NCH(R)COO-. Amino acids with ionizable R groups may exist in additional ionic species, depending on the pH and the pKa of the R group. Thus amino acids vary in theiracid-base properties. Amino acids form colored derivatives with ninhydrin. Other colored or fluorescent derivatives are formed in reactions of the α-amino group of amino acids with fluorescamine, dansyl chloride, dabsyl chloride, and 1-fluoro-2,4-dinitrobenzene. Complex mixtures of amino acids can be separated and identified by ionexchange chromatography or HPLC.Amino acids can be joined covalently through peptide bonds to form peptides, which can also be formed by incomplete hydrolysis of polypeptides. 氨基酸可以通过肽键极性链接形成肽，肽可以通过多肽的不完全水解生成。

蛋白质翻译蛋白质的生物合成??翻译一切生命现象不能离开蛋白质，由于代谢更新，即使成人亦需不断合成蛋白质(约400g/日)。

蛋白质具有高度特异性。

不同生物，它们的蛋白质互不相同。

所以食物蛋白质不能为人体直接利用，需经消化、分解成氨基酸，吸收后方可用来合成人体蛋白质。

mRNA含有来自DNA的遗传信息，是合成蛋白质的“模板”，各种蛋白质就是以其相应的mRNA为“模板”，用各种氨基酸为原料合成的。

mRNA不同，所合成的蛋白质也就各异。

所以蛋白质生物合成的过程，贯穿了从DNA分子到蛋白质分子之间遗传信息的传递和体现的过程。

mRNA生成后，遗传信息由mRNA传递给新合成的蛋白质，即由核苷酸序列转换为蛋白质的氨基酸序列。

这一过程称为翻译（translation）。

翻译的基本原理见图14-1。

由图14-1可见，mRNA穿过核膜进入胞质后，多个核糖体（亦称核蛋白体，图中为四个）附着其上，形成多核糖体。

作为原料的各种氨基酸在其特异的搬运工具（tRNA）携带下，在多核糖体上以肽键互相结合，生成具有一定氨基酸序列的特定多肽链。

合成后从核糖体释下的多肽链，不一定具有生物学活性。

有的需经一定处理，有的需与其他成分（别的多肽链或糖、脂等）结合才能形成活性蛋白质。

第一节参与蛋白质生物合成的物质参与蛋白质合成的物质，除氨基酸外，还有mRNA（“模板”）、tRNA（“特异的搬运工具”）、核糖体（“装配机”）、有关的酶（氨基酰tRNA合成酶与某些蛋白质因子），以及ATP、GTP等供能物质与必要的无机离子等。

一、mRNA与遗传密码天然蛋白质有1010~1011种，组成蛋白质的氨基酸却只有20种。

这20种氨基1酸排列组合的不同，形成了形形色色的蛋白质。

蛋白质中氨基酸的序列如何决定？（一）三联体密码与密码的简并研究表明，密码子（codon）共有64个，每个密码子是由三个核苷酸（称为三联体，triplet）组成的。

有的氨基酸有多个密码子，这种现象称为简并（degenerate），如UUU和UUC都是苯丙氨酸的密码子，UCU、UCC、UCA、UCG、AGU和AGC都是丝氨酸的密码子，同一氨基酸的不同密码子称为同义词（synonyms）。

蛋白质翻译Protein is an essential macronutrient that plays a variety of important roles in the human body. It is composed of amino acids, which are the building blocks of life. The translation of the term "protein" into Chinese is "蛋白质".Proteins are involved in many bodily functions, including growth and repair of tissues, hormone production, and regulation of enzymes. They are also a major component of muscles, skin, hair, and nails. In addition, proteins play a crucial role in the immune system, as they help to protect the body against infections and diseases.There are two main types of protein: complete and incomplete. Complete proteins contain all nine essential amino acids that the body cannot produce on its own. They are usually found in animal-based sources like meat, fish, eggs, and dairy products. Incomplete proteins, on the other hand, lack one or more essential amino acids and are typically derived from plant-based sources such as beans, grains, and nuts. It is important for vegetarians and vegans to combine different plant-based protein sources in order to get all necessary amino acids.Protein requirements vary depending on age, sex, weight, and activity level. The recommended daily intake for adults is around 0.8 grams of protein per kilogram of body weight. However, athletes and active individuals may require more protein to support muscle growth and repair.Insufficient protein intake can lead to various health problems.Protein deficiency can cause muscle wasting, weakened immune system, poor wound healing, and slow growth in children. On the other hand, excessive protein intake can also have negative effects on health, such as increased risk of kidney damage, osteoporosis, and cardiovascular disease.It is important to choose high-quality protein sources and maintain a balanced diet. Lean meats, fish, poultry, eggs, dairy products, and plant-based proteins are all good options. It is also beneficial to include a variety of protein sources in the diet to ensure adequate intake of all essential amino acids.In conclusion, protein is a vital nutrient that plays a crucial role in various bodily functions. It is necessary for growth, repair, and maintenance of tissues, as well as for the production of hormones and enzymes. Adequate protein intake is essential for overall health and well-being.。