崇明区2018年等级考第一次模拟考试试卷-生命科学 (1)(1)

2018届上海市崇明县高三一模化学试卷及答案上海市崇明县2018届高三上学期期末考试(一模)化学试题(考试时间120分钟，满分150分，请将答案填写在答题纸上)本试卷分为第I卷和第II卷两部分可能用到的相对原子质量：H-1 C-12 N-14 O-16 Na-23 Mg-24 Al-27Cl-35.5 K-39 Ca-40 Fe-56 Cu-64 Zn-65 Sn-119第I卷(共66分)一、选择题(本题共10分，每小题2分，只有一个正确选项)1、有关物质的使用不涉及化学变化的是……………………………………………………()A.明矾用作净水剂B.液氨用作致冷剂C.漂粉精作消Du剂D.生石灰作干燥剂2、反应过程中固体物质质量增加的是………………………………………………………()A.氨气通过无水氯化钙粉末B.氢气通过灼热的氧化铜粉末C.铝与氧化铁发生铝热反应D.将锌粒投入到硝酸铜溶液中3、对同温同压下的两种气体和的有关比较正确的是…………………………()A.质量相等时所含质子数相等B.体积不相等时密度有可能相等C.体积相等时所含电子数相等D.原子数相等时所含中子数相等4、具有防腐作用的甲醛………………………………………………………………………()A.分子中共有12个电子B.能发生加聚反应C.难溶于水易溶于酒精D.比例模型为：5、实验室中不同的试剂有不同的保存方法，下列保存方法中不正确的是………………()A.保存硫酸亚铁溶液需加入铁钉和少量硫酸B.金属钠保存在装有煤油的玻璃塞广口瓶中C.溴化银固体保存在棕色玻璃塞的广口瓶中D.保存浓硝酸需用带橡皮塞子的棕色细口瓶二、选择题(本题共36分，每小题3分，只有一个正确选项)6、下列溶液在通入二氧化硫时都会褪色，其中一定能显示二氧化硫的漂白性的是……()A.溴水B.品红溶液C.酸性高锰酸钾溶液D.滴入酚酞的氢氧化钠溶液7、室温时，两个容积相同的烧瓶中分别盛有M和N两种气体(同温同压)，取下弹簧夹A，使两烧瓶内的气体充分混合后，容器内的压强由大到小的顺序是………………………()A.②④①③B.①②③④C.④①②③D.①④③②8、Na2O2、CaC2都是离子化合物，都能与水反应放出气体。

化学试卷1. 漂粉精的有效成分是A. Ca (ClO) 2B. CaCl2C. NaClOD. KClO【答案】A【解析】漂粉精的有效成分是Ca(ClO)2，答案选A。

2. 歼-20 将20984 Po涂于表面以屏蔽雷达，起到隐身作用。

该 Po(钋)原子核外电子数是A. 42B. 84C. 125D. 209【答案】B...............3. 以下离子中，半径最大的是A. NaB. KC. S2D. Cl【答案】C【解析】离子的核外电子层数越多，离子半径越大，核外电子排布相同时离子半径随原子序数的增大而减小，因此离子半径大小顺序是S2－＞Cl－＞K＋＞Na＋，答案选C。

点睛：注意微粒半径的大小比较规律：一看电子层数：同主族元素的微粒，电子层数越多，半径越大；二看核电荷数：在同周期中的原子，核电荷数越大，半径越小；三看质子数：在电子层数和核外电子数均相同时，质子数越多，半径越小。

4. 在 CH3COONa溶液中离子浓度最大的是A. HB. OHC. CH3COOD. Na【答案】D【解析】CH3COONa在溶液中完全电离出钠离子和醋酸根离子，由于醋酸根离子水解，因此溶液中离子浓度最大的是钠离子，答案选D。

5. 在化学实验中，玻璃棒一般不用于A. 捣碎块状固体B. 转移引流液体C. 蘸取少量溶液D. 搅拌加速溶解【答案】A【解析】在化学实验中，玻璃棒一般用于转移引流液体、蘸取少量溶液、搅拌加速溶解，不能用于捣碎块状固体，答案选A。

6. 氮化硅（Si3N4）是一种新型的耐高温耐磨材料，氮化硅属于A. 离子晶体B. 分子晶体C. 金属晶体D. 原子晶体【答案】D【解析】氮化硅（Si3N4）是一种新型的耐高温耐磨材料，因此氮化硅属于原子晶体，答案选D。

7. 在CuSO4·5H2O晶体中A. 存在水分子B. 没有极性键C. 只有离子键D. 含有金属键【答案】A【解析】A. 该化合物是水合物，存在水分子，A正确；B. H与O以及S与O之间均存在极性键，B错误；C. 铜离子与硫酸根离子之间存在离子键，C错误；D. 不是金属晶体，不存在金属键，D错误，答案选A。

WORD 版本崇明区2018届第一次高考模拟考试试卷物 理考生注意：1．试卷满分100分，考试时间60分钟。

2．本考试分设试卷和答题纸。

试卷包括三部分，第一部分为选择题，第二部分为填空题，第三部分为综合题。

3．答题前，务必在答题纸上填写学校、、考场号和座位号，并将核对后的条形码贴在指定位置上。

作答必须涂或写在答题纸上，在试卷上作答一律不得分。

第一部分的作答必须涂在答题纸上相应的区域，第二、三部分的作答必须写在答题纸上与试卷题号对应的位置。

一、选择题（共40分。

第1-8小题，每小题3分，第9-12小题，每小题4分。

每小题只有一个正确答案。

）1．物体在温度升高过程中，其 (A) 机械能一定增大(B) 所有分子无规则运动的动能都增大(C) 分子的势能一定增大(D) 分子无规则运动的平均动能增大2．下列物理量单位关系正确的是 (A) 力的单位：1N 1=kg·m/s (B) 功的单位：1J 1=kg·m 2/s 2(C) 压强单位：1Pa 1=kg/m 2(D) 电压单位：1V 1=J·C3．已知地球的质量为M ，引力常量为G ，设飞船绕地球做匀速圆周运动的轨道半径为r ，则飞船在圆轨道上运行的速率为(A)2rTπ(D)r ω4．取竖直向上为正方向，则竖直上抛运动的t -v 图像是5．如图，一个倾角为α的光滑斜面，在水平面上向右做匀加速直线运动，物体m 与斜面保持相对静止，重力加速度为g ，则斜面运动的 加速度为 (A)sin g α (B)cos g α (C)tan g α (D)cot g αWORD 版本6．质点做匀加速直线运动，在时间间隔t 位移为s ，速度大小变为原来的3倍．该质点的加速度为(A)2st(B)232s t(C)24s t(D)28s t7．某机械波沿x 轴正方向传播，在0t =时刻波形如图所示．已知该波的周期0.2s T =，则该波 (A) 波长6λ=m(B) 此时p 点的运动方向向下 (C) 在0.2S ，质点p 通过的路程是4cm (D) 在0.3t =S 时，Q 点正好处在平衡位置8．如图，小球A 、B 从同一高度同时由静止释放，A 球做自由落体运动，B 球沿光滑斜面下滑．则能正确表示两球运动到地面的速率-时间图像是9．一定质量的理想气体，状态变化由a 到b 到c ，其P －t 图中直线ab 平行p 坐标轴，直线bc 通过坐标原点，三状态的体积分 别为V a 、V b 、V c ，则根据图像可以判定 (A)a b V V > (B)a b V V = (C)b c V V >(D)b c V V =10．将一电源电动势为E 、阻为r 的电池，与外电路连接，构成一个闭合电路，随着外电路电阻R 的变化，电路的总电流I 发生变化，则下列判断正确的是(A) 由U IR =外可知，外电压随I 的增大而增大(B) 由U Ir =内可知，电源两端的电压，随I 的增大而增大(C) 由U E Ir =-可知，电源输出电压，随输出电流I 的增大而减小 (D) 由P IU =可知，电源的输出功率P 随输出电流I 的增大而增大WORD 版本11．如图，一光滑的轻滑轮用细绳OO '悬挂于O 点，另一细绳跨过滑轮，其一端悬挂物块a ，另一端系一位于水平粗糙桌面上的物块b ．外力F 向右 上方拉b ，整个系统处于静止状态．若F 方向不变，大 小在一定围变化，物块b 仍始终保持静止，则 (A) 物块b 所受到的支持力会保持不变 (B) 绳OO '的力会在一定围变化 (C) 连接a 和b 的绳的力也在一定围变化(D)物块b 与桌面间的摩擦力也在一定围变化12．如图所示，质量相等的两物体A 、B 叠放在粗糙的水平面上，A 与B 接触面光滑．A 、B 分别受水平向右的恒力F 1、F 2作用，且F 2> F 1．现A 、B 两物体保持相对静止．则B 受到地面的摩擦力大小和方向为 (A)21F F -，向右(B)21F F -，向左(C)21()/2F F -，向左 (D)21()/2F F -，向右二、填空题（共20分）13．汽车在阻力一定的水平路面上以额定功率行驶，当汽车加速时，牵引力 ，加速度．（填“增大”、“减小”、“不变”）14．如图所示，水平平行线代表电场线，但未指明方向，带电量为810C -的正电微粒，在电场中只受电场力的作用，由A 运动到B ，克服电场力做功4210-⨯J ，已知A 点的电势为40.510-⨯V ，则 电场线方向 （填“向左”或“向右”），B 点的电势 为 V ．15．如图所示，电源阻1r =Ω，12R =Ω，26R =Ω，灯L 上标有“3V、1.5W”的字样，当滑动变阻器R 3的滑片P 移到最右端时，电流表示数为1A ，灯L 恰能正常发光．则电源的电动势 V ； 当P 移到最左端时，电流表的示数 A.16．如图所示，粗细相同的导热玻璃管A 、B 底部由橡皮软管连接，一定质量的空气被水银柱封闭在A 管，气柱长40cm ．B 管上方与大气相 通，大气压强076P =cmHg ，初始时两管水银面相平，若A 管不动，为 使A 管水银面上升2cm ，则A 管气体压强为 cmHg ，B 管 向上缓慢移动的高度为 cm ．WORD 版本17．如图所示，电源电动势8ε=V ，电阻为0.5r =Ω，“3V，3W”的灯泡L 与电动机M 串联接在电源上，灯泡刚好正常发光，电 动机刚好正常工作，电动机的线圈电阻0 1.5R =Ω．则通过电动机 的电流为 A ，电动机的输入功率为 W ．三、综合题（共40分）注意：第19、20题在列式计算、逻辑推理以及回答问题过程中，要求给出必要的图示、 文字说明、公式、演算等。

2018年上海市普通⾼中学业⽔平合格性考试⽣命科学试卷上海市普通⾼中学业⽔平合格性考试⽣命科学试卷V1.0.5（2018 年 6 ⽉）1. 试卷满分100分，考试时间60分钟。

2. 本考试分设试卷和答题纸。

试卷包括两部分：第⼀部分全部为选择题，第⼆部分为综合题。

3. 答题前，务必在答题纸上填写姓名、报名号，考场号和座位号，并将核对后的条码贴在指定位置上.作答必须涂或写在答题纸上，在试巻上作答⼀律不得分，第⼀部分的作答必须涂在答题纸上相应的区域，第⼆部分的作答必须写在答题纸上与试题号对应的位置。

⼀、选择题（共80分，每⼩题唧.A ?转动⽬镜 C.调节细调节器 2. 当⼈体肾脏发⽣病变时，是否含有蛋⽩质，应选⽤的试剂是A.醋酸洋红染液B.双缩豚试剂C.苏丹I I 染液D.碘液3. 有些⽆机盐是⽣物体内重要有机物的组成成分，表1中⽆机盐与有机物的对应表I编号⽆机盐有机物①Fe 2+ ⾎红蛋⽩②Mg 2+叶绿素③Γ甲状腺素④Zn 2+纤维素关系正确的A.①②③B.①②④C.②③④D.①③④考⽣注意:免上题决有⼀个正确答案。

）1.图1为在⾼倍鏡下观察保卫细来的操作应该是可量视野中保卫细胞的长度，接下B . 调节粗调节器切换到低倍镜尿液中可能会含有蛋⽩质，若要检测⼀份尿液样本中V 图14?图2是⼀类有机⼩分⼦的结构通式，以此为基本单位组成的物质是RIH 2N -C-CoOIlH图2A.糖类B.脂昉C. 核酸D.蛋⽩质5.⼈体中存在RNA 腺昔脱氨酶ADAR2,它能对RNA 上的腺噤吟进⾏脱氨但不能对DNA上的腺喋吟进⾏脱氨，这体现了该酶具有A.多样性B.⾼效性C.专⼀性D.稳定性6?图3为⼤肠杆菌T2噬菌体的模式图。

其⾐売的化学成分是A.蚤⽩质B. DNA7.某种蛇毒可阻斷⼈究触E 膜对神经递质的识别，该毒素最可能作⽤于突触后膜上的 A.磷脂B.胆固醇C.载体蛋⽩D.受体蛋?⽩&图4为某个发⽣质壁分离的植物细胞的显微结构⽰意图。

2018届上海市崇明区高三等级考第一次模拟考试生命科学试卷（解析版）一、选择题1. 在“细胞的观察和测量”实验中，小明已在低倍镜下观察到了清晰的蚕豆叶下表皮细胞，现要精确地测量保卫细胞的长度，接下来他应该做的是A. 使用目镜测微尺直接测量B. 转换至高倍镜C. 调节细调节器D. 调节光圈【答案】B【解析】本题考查细胞的观察和测量实验，解题要点是了解实验的相关原理和操作步骤。

由于目镜测微尺在高倍镜视野中每小格单位更小，测量数据更精确；而调节器和光圈对精确测量数据没有影响。

故答案选B。

[点睛]：本题知识易错点是对显微测微尺的使用：1.测微尺的选择：目镜测微尺安装于目镜镜筒的光阑上，物镜测微尺安装于载物台上，如果已知目镜测微尺每小格长度，测量物像的大小时只需用目镜测微尺；2.细胞的测量：细胞实际长度和宽度=高倍镜下测得物像所占格数乘以目镜测微尺每小格的长度。

2. 如图为一种人工半透膜模型。

与细胞膜结构相比，和不能通过的原因是缺少了关键成分A. 蛋白质B. 磷脂C. 多糖D. 胆固醇【答案】A【解析】因为K+和NO3—跨膜运输方式是主动运输，需要载体协助，消耗能量；据图分析，图中的人工膜缺少载体蛋白。

答案选A。

3. 某课题小组以“班氏试剂作用下溶液出现颜色反应的时间”为指标，探究比较不同成熟程度的柚汁中还原性糖的含量，实验鉴别的特征是溶液显现A. 蓝色B. 橘红色C. 紫色D. 红黄色【答案】D【解析】本题考查还原糖的鉴定,解题要点是了解实验原理.班氏试剂与葡萄糖中的醛基反应生成红黄色沉淀。

答案选D。

[点睛]:解题关键点是对实验原理的识记:鉴定物质类实验原理是,某些化学试剂能与生物组织中的有关有机物产生特定的颜色反应.4. 某高中课题小组设计了“探究土壤中是否存在能分解纤维素的微生物”的实验，部分实验方案及实验结果如表，其中卷烟纸的作用是A. 提供碳源B. 提供生长因子C. 提供无机盐D. 提供氮源【答案】A【解析】因为卷烟纸中一般只含纤维素而不含其它物质，能为微生物的生长提供碳源。

崇明县第一学期期末考试试卷高三生命科学（考试时间120分钟，满分150分）考生注意：1．答第I卷前，考生务必在答题纸上用钢笔或圆珠笔清楚填写学校、姓名、学号。

2．答案写在答题纸上，写在试卷上一律不给分。

第I卷（共60分）一、单选题（每小题只有一个正确选项）（一）1分题（共8题）1、一分子ADP中，含有的腺苷数、磷酸基数和高能磷酸键数依次是…………………（）A. 1、2、2B. 1、2、1C. 1、3、2D. 2、1、22、下列有关酶的叙述中，正确的是…………………………………………………………（）A. 酶可以被水解，产物是多种氨基酸B. 酶的活性受温度和pH的影响C. 酸碱度变化引起的酶失活不可逆，但温度变化引起的酶失活可逆D. 冬季哺乳动物体内酶的活性随环境温度的下降而降低3、遗传信息和遗传密码分别位于……………………………………………………………（）A. DNA和信使RNA上B. DNA和转运RNA上C. 信使RNA和转运RNA上D. 染色体和基因上4、取两种不同种属的海绵，使其细胞分散成单个，再将它们掺在一起培养，发现只有同种的细胞才能聚合在一起。

与此现象直接有关的结构是………………………………………（）A. 细胞核B. 细胞膜上的磷脂双分子层C. 细胞膜D. 细胞膜上的糖蛋白5、人体免疫球蛋白由4条肽链构成，共有764个氨基酸，则该蛋白质分子中至少含有游离的氨基和羧基数分别是…………………………………………………………………………（）A. 764和764B. 760和760C. 1和1D. 4和46、生物的多样性通常包括……………………………………………………………………（）①遗传多样性②物种多样性③生态系统多样性④无机环境的多样性A. ①②③B. ①③④C. ②③④D. ①②④7、细胞分化是生物界普遍存在的一种生命现象，下列叙述中不正确的是…………………（）A. 分化发生在生物体的整个生命进程中B. 分化是基因在特定的时间和空间条件下选择表达的结果C. 未离体的体细胞不会表现出全能性D. 分化过程中遗传物质发生了改变8、下列生物中，结构最相似的一组是………………………………………………………（）①乳酸菌②变形虫③肺炎双球菌④蓝藻⑤酵母菌高三生命科学共12页第1页高三生命科学 共12页 第2页A. ②③⑤B. ②③④C. ①③④D. ①④⑤（二）2分题（共20题）9、右图能表示人体在某种环境条件发生变化时，内环境中某种激素的含量变化。

崇明县2018年第一次高考模拟考试试卷生命科学本试卷分为第I卷（第1-5页）和第II卷（第5-12页）两部分，全卷共12页。

满分150分。

考试时间为120分钟。

请将答案填写在答题纸上。

第I卷一、单选题（共60分，每小题只有一个正确选项，每题2分）1、维持高等动物第二性征的物质属于………………………………………………………（）A．核酸B．脂质C．糖类D．蛋白质2、体内严重缺乏哪种无机离子的患者可能会出现乳酸中毒………………………………（）A．2Mg+B．2Ca+C．2Fe+D．2Zn+ 3、下列有关酶的叙述错误的是………………………………………………………………（）A ．酶的基本单位可以是核糖核苷酸B ．产生胰岛素的细胞也能产生呼吸酶C ．低温能使酶的催化效率失去D ．酶的专一性由自身的分子结构决定4、如图是某三肽化合物的分子结构示意图，下列有关叙述正确的是 ……………………（ ）A ．①可能是“－NH 2”或“－COOH ”B ．该化合物的双缩脲反应与结构③有关C ．该化合物在核仁中形成时有水产生D ．结构②的数目决定该化合物种类5、某亲本DNA 分子双链均以黑色表示，以白色表示第一次复制出的DNA 子链，以灰色表示第二次复制出的DNA 子链，该亲本双链DNA 分子连续复制两次后的产物是 …………（ ）A ．B ．C ．D ．6、与巨噬细胞细胞内消化过程直接有关物质的形成场所①－C －CONH －C －③－C －COOH② ② ②H HH是………………………………（）A．核糖体B．线粒体C．溶酶体D．高尔基体7、颤藻与水绵的相同之处是…………………………………………………………………（）①都有拟核②均能进行有氧呼吸③都有线粒体④均能进行光合作用A．②③B．②④C．①③D．①④8、下列关于腺嘌呤核糖核苷酸的描述正确的是……………………………………………（）A．由腺苷、核糖和磷酸基构成B．DNA复制必须的原料C．可参与合成ATP D．合成场所在细胞核9、某豆科植物种子萌发过程中CO2释放和O2吸收速率的变化趋势如图所示。

百度文库百度文库崇明县2019学年第一学期高二、高三一模测试卷生 命 科 学一、选择题（共40分，每小题2分。

每个小题只有一个正确答案）1．不食不洁生水和生贝壳类海产品是防止霍乱发生的有效措施之一，可推断霍乱弧菌的传播方式是的传播方式是A ．空气传播．空气传播B ．接触传播．接触传播C ．媒介物传播．媒介物传播D ．病媒传播．病媒传播2．某同学在电子显微镜下看到如图1所示的细胞结构，所示的细胞结构，他所观察的细胞最有可能所属的生物是他所观察的细胞最有可能所属的生物是 A ．颤藻．颤藻 B ．细菌．细菌 C ．人．人 D ．菠菜．菠菜3．下列物质能和双缩脲试剂反应出现紫色现象的是．下列物质能和双缩脲试剂反应出现紫色现象的是A．B ．C ．D ．图1CH 2OHH HOOHOHOHHHO NH 22 C COOHH HHO P ～O P ～O P O CH 2OOO O OH OHOHOH OHNH 2N NN NH 2N C CO NH C CO NH C COOHH HHHCH 3 CH 2 COOH4．突变酵母的发酵效率高于野生型，常在酿酒工业发酵中．突变酵母的发酵效率高于野生型，常在酿酒工业发酵中 使用。

图2为呼吸链突变酵母的呼吸过程，下列相关叙为呼吸链突变酵母的呼吸过程，下列相关叙 述错误．．的是的是 A ．突变酵母乙醇代谢途径未变．突变酵母乙醇代谢途径未变 B ．突变酵母依旧能产生．突变酵母依旧能产生[H] [H]C ．氧气充足时，野生型酵母种群增殖速率大于突变体．氧气充足时，野生型酵母种群增殖速率大于突变体D ．通入氧气后，突变酵母产生ATP 的主要部位是线粒体的主要部位是线粒体5．在紫色洋葱鳞片叶外表皮细胞的失水和吸水实验中，显微镜下可依次观察到图3所示甲、乙、丙三种细胞状态。

下列叙述正确的是所示甲、乙、丙三种细胞状态。

下列叙述正确的是A ．由甲到乙需将低倍镜转换到高倍镜．由甲到乙需将低倍镜转换到高倍镜B ．甲、乙、丙不能在同一个细胞内依次发生．甲、乙、丙不能在同一个细胞内依次发生C ．与甲相比，乙液泡内溶液浓度较低．与甲相比，乙液泡内溶液浓度较低D ．由乙到丙的过程中需滴加清水引流．由乙到丙的过程中需滴加清水引流6．二战期间，人们用每分钟100次响铃的铃声来次响铃的铃声来 提醒水兵前往作战基地，战后，退役水兵和学提醒水兵前往作战基地，战后，退役水兵和学 生共同完成如图4所示的研究。

2018届上海市崇明区高三第一模拟考试英语试题+听力崇明区2018届第一次高考模拟考试试卷英语（考试时间120分钟，满分140分。

请将答案填写在答题纸上）I. Listening ComprehensionSection ADirections: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1. A. In the street. B. At home. C. On the phone. D. At an office.2. A. A journalist. B. An electrician. C. A salesman. D. An operator.3. A. The flying time. B. The strange weather. C. The man’s jacket. D. The changeable fashion.4. A. She had a holiday. B. She travelled with her cousin.C. Her cousin visited her.D. Her cousin was away from Belgium.5. A. The stage is not big enough. B. They’re lucky to get two tickets.C. It’s not easy at all to get tickets.D. The woman doesn’t want to sit near the stage.6. A. Help the man to copy the novel. B. Return the novel to Alice immediately.C. Find a copy of the novel for the man.D. Ask Alice if the man can borrow the novel.7. A. She’s glad the man waited for her. B. She’d like to res chedule the meeting.C. She wasn’t very late for the meeting.D. She’s sorry that she missed the meeting.8. A. He has got more pages to write. B. The woman’s report is already long enough.C. He has already finished his report.D. The woman will have time to finish the report.9. A. She needs a different kind of job. B. She often goes back with her supervisor.C. She used to work for a newspaper.D. She’d like her supervisor’s opinion of her work.10. A. The man should have had his car inspected sooner.B. The man doesn’t need to have his car inspected until next month.C. The auto inspection center will be closed at the end of the month.D. She has to wait even longer than the man did to have her car inspected.Section BDirections: In Section B, you will hear two short passages and one longer conversation, and you will be asked several questions on each of them. The passages and the conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.11. A. Alphabet’s plan on self-driving cars. B. A successful test of self-driving cars.C. People’s responses to self-driving cars.D. The 3D map used in self-driving cars.12. A. The camera. B. The laser device. C. The built-in GPS. D. The sensors and radar.13. A. Self-driving cars are already common. B. It was the first test of self-driving cars.C. There exists distrust in self-driving cars.D. Drivers are still needed in self-driving cars.Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.14. A. T ourism can bring a lot of disadvantages. B. T ourism is increasingly popular these years.C. Tourism should benefit local communities.D. Tourism has become a problem in some places.15. A. The cost of fuel is low. B. More people are visiting China.C. Plane tickets are cheap.D. People need tourism for jobs and wealth.16. A. 1.8 million more people will travel in 2030 according to the UNWTO.B. Measures have been taken to address overtourism in some places.C. Taleb Rifai doesn’t regard overtourism as a problem.D. Some cities have forbidden tourists to visit them.Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.17. A. Because the joke was about dinner. B. To get all the boys involved in the joke.C. Because they had no idea about the joke.D. To leave the boys no time to take revenge.18. A. It was carefully prepared. B. The boys were each asked to take a bowl.C. The food there was delicious.D. Supper should be skipped before the party.19. A. Stupid. B. Challenged. C. Confused. D. Disappointed.20. A. The girls’ joke turne d out to be a success.B. The class teacher was not generous enough.C. The boys managed to take revenge on the girls.D. The food was delicious so the bowls were emptied.II. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.Star Giraffe Finally Gives BirthApril, a giraffe who became an Internet star after her pregnancy was broadcast online, has finally given birth, ending months of excitement for her audience.The live broadcast from Animal Adventure Park in Harpursville, the State of New York, began during the winter. (21) drew nearly five million viewers a day at its peak. Some viewers kept checking back, even after the period (22) _____ _____ April was expected to give birth had gone. Others became frustrated, questioning (23)_____ she was really pregnant.Finally, (24)_____ April was pacing in her pen (畜栏) on April 15, two hoove s (蹄) began to appear. After a few hours, a newly-born giraffe was lying on the floor, (25)_____ (look) around confusedly. The calf (幼崽) tried to stand a few times but (26)_____ not. An hour later, it was (27)_____ its feet, walking around carefully. A spokesman for the animal park said the calf was a boy.“After months of pregnancy, both mom and calf are doing fine,” said Jordan, the owner of Animal Adventure Park.People in Harpursville now hope the attention that April (28)_____ (draw) will translate into an economic development for the area. Harpursville was once a manufacturing base, but it has struggled financially in recent years.Fortunately, there are already signs (29)_____ April’s fame is breathing new life into the area. Dozens of families recently arrived at the animal park after hours of driving, only (30)_____ (find) it closed for the winter. A nearby hotel has booked more than 100 reservations for a package that includes admission to the park when it reopens in May.Section BDirections: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.A. modelB. competitiveC. insertingD. pickupE. originalF. missionG. price H. mirroring I. branching J. virtual K. buyingCompany Builds W orld’s First Automobile Vending Machine (自动贩卖机) Thanks to used-car website Carvana, it is now possible to buy your own set of wheels at the touch of a button, from the world’s first and only coin-oper ated car vending machine in Nashville, Tennessee. It’s quick, easy, and not cheap, but cheaper than buying a car the old way.The company has been working on the concept for the pasttwo years. Their 31 car vending machine was installed in Atlanta in 2013. But they’ve spent time improving the design, in order to take user experience to the next level. “Our new Vending Machine is a state-of-the-art, multi-story structure that delivers our customers’ cars by merely 32 a special coin,” said Carvana CEO Ernie Garcia.The machine consists of a five-story glass tower that can hold up to 20 cars at a time. The tower basically serves as a(n) 33 point for used cars that customers purchase through the website, enabling 34 pricing and eliminating delivery costs.Customers can access a long list of specifications, ratings, reviews, and lots of other details about the cars they’re interested in on the Carvana website. They even get 35 tours that point out every scratch on the body of the car. Once the car is chosen and paid for, the company usually delivers the car to the customer for a s e v e n-d a y t r i a l p e r i o d.T h i s u s u a l l y me a n s t h e d e l i v e r y c o s t s a r e w o r k e d i n t o t h e 36 of the vehicle.But with the Vending Machine, customers are able to go to pick u p their cars straight away. It’s a win-win 37 that allows Carvana to cut down on staff and overhead (间接费用), and save customers about $2,000 as well. According to the company, it also makes for a great 38experience – placing an oversized coin in a slot (硬币投币口) and watching their car roll down automatically.“Carvana’s 39 is to create a better way to buy a car, and this new Vending Machine will be a one-of-a-kind experience, 40 just how simple and easy we’ve made it to buy a car online,” Garcia said. He added the company plans to build more car vending machines in the future.III. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.Stay out of the Sun to Look YoungForget drinking countless glasses of water or getting your beauty sleep. The secret of looking young is simply to stay out of the sun. A study of hundreds of women has revealed that those who avoided the sun’s rays looked up to 20 years younger than they actually are.However, other supposed rules for a youthful complexion (肤色), from drinking lots of water to sleeping well and exercising regularly, failed to 41 the hands of time. Only keeping out of the sun, and wearing sunscreen when this wasn’t possible, made a 42 , the American Academy of Dermatology’s annual confer ence will hear today. The interesting 43 comes from a study of 231 women of all ages who were quizzed about their lives, including whether they were sun-lovers. When researchers from Massachusetts General Hospital in the US –commissioned by skincare firm Olay –guessed how old the women were, they found those who 44 in the sun tended to have aged more slowly.A lucky four had so few wrinkles and 45 spots, and such a fresh complexion, that they appeared to be a full two decades younger than they really were.Researcher Dr Alexa Kimball, a professor of dermatology (皮肤医学), said the 46 advice that we drink lots of water to stay healthy is actually a myth (谬见), and the body is ‘pretty good’ at judging how much we need.。

2018上海⾼中学业⽔平考试⽣命科学⽣物等级考真题卷上海市2018学年度等级考监控测试⽣命科学试卷考⽣注意：1．试卷满分100分，考试时间60分钟。

2．本考试分设试卷和答题纸。

试卷包括两部分，第⼀部分全部为选择题，第⼆部分为综合分析题，包括填空题、选择题和简答题等题型。

3．考⽣应⽤2B铅笔、钢笔或圆珠笔将答案直接写在答题纸上⼀．选择题（共40分，每⼩题2分，每⼩题只有⼀个正确答案）1. 图1为丙氨酸结构式，依据氨基酸结构通式，判定他的R基是（）A. -HB. -NH2C. -COOHD. -CH32. 我国科学家钟杨已保存种⼦4000万种，他的团队贡献属于保护⽣物多样性的措施（）A.就地保护B.迁地保护C.离体保护D.异地保护3. 图2为某动物细胞周期中各期时长，该细胞分裂间期时长为（）A. 1hB. 4hC. 12hD. 21h4. 使⽤显微镜⽬镜测微尺在低倍镜10X下测量变形⾍，测得⾍体长占20格，转换⾼倍镜40X⾍体所占格数为（）A. 10格B. 20格C. 40格D. 80格5. 表1为某同学设计的实验，该实验结果可以证明酶（）表1步骤1号试管2号试管1加淀粉液2ml加淀粉液2ml2加充⾜淀粉酶加充⾜脂肪酶3加碘液加碘液现象不变⾊变蓝A.具有⾼效性B. 具有专⼀性C. 本质为蛋⽩质D. 本质为RNA6.为⼀个基因型AaBb的⼟⾖，将其块茎埋⼊⼟中，其后代基因型为（）A. AaBbB. AaBBC. AABbD. aaBb7.如图3是⼈体内物质X和Y的代谢⽰意图，以下表述正确的是（）A.①表⽰糖酵解B.物质Y是丙酮酸C. Z表⽰卡尔⽂循环D. 物质X是脂肪8.发财树浇⽔太多容易导致烂根,烂根后植物能检测出（）A.⼄醇与CO2B. 仅CO2C. 仅O2 D. 仅H2O9.吸收外周组织中多余胆固醇并运到肝脏的脂蛋⽩主要是（）A.乳糜微粒CMB. ⾼密度脂蛋⽩HDLC. 低密度脂蛋⽩LDLD. 极低密度脂蛋⽩VLDL10. ⼩萌正在参加百⽶赛跑，下列状况中符合此时⾝体情况的是（）A. ⽀⽓管扩张，⼼跳加快B. ⽀⽓管收缩，⼼跳加快C. ⽀⽓管扩张，⼼跳减慢D. ⽀⽓管收缩，⼼跳减慢11. 图4是某植物细胞有丝分裂的光学显微镜照⽚，该细胞刚完成（）A. 细胞核分离B. 染⾊单体分离C. DNA双链解开D. 同源染⾊体分离12.图5表⽰⼈体精原细胞中第6号和第9号染⾊体形态，该精原细胞最终形成的正常精⼦中,可能出现的染⾊体形态是（）A B C D13.某异养⾃⽣固氮菌能将⼤⽓中氮还原成氨，欲在实验室中分离⼟壤中的该菌，在配制培养基时，⼀般不需要加⼊的是（）A.葡萄糖B. 氯化钠C. 蛋⽩胨D. 蒸馏⽔14.α淀粉酶被固定在污⽔处理器中，以便不断⽔解废⽔中的淀粉，这种对酶的利⽤⽅式，其优点是（）①可连续反应②易回收③可重复利⽤④酶的产量⾼A.①②④B. ①③④C. ①②③D. ②③④15.图6⽰⼼脏（仅显⽰左⼼房和左⼼室）活动的某⼀阶段，下列描述错误的是（）A.此时⼼脏活动是⼼室收缩B.此时⼤动脉活动管壁扩张C.测得的动脉⾎压为舒张压D.此时测得的动脉⾎压为收缩压16.如图7所⽰，M点的作⽤是（）A.促进根芽⽣长B.促进根茎芽⽣长C.促进根茎⽣长D.促进⽣长17.⼩萌⼀⼝⽓喝下1000ml⽔后,每分钟尿量变化如下图,则O→A⾎浆渗透压变化为（）A.先降后升B.⼀直上升C.先升后降D.持续下降调查某岛上昆⾍的翅形如图9，据图判断（）A.⼤翅昆⾍发⽣了进化B.⼤风导致原始昆⾍的变异C.原始昆⾍发⽣了定向变异D.⼤风对昆⾍翅的性状进⾏了选择18.科学家将⼩⿏的体细胞转⼊⼀种基因使之诱变为ips细胞，该类型细胞能发⽣如图10所⽰变化，则ips细胞属于（）A.受精卵B. 胚胎⼲细胞C. 单能⼲细胞D. 多能⼲细胞19.紫⾊长花粉（RRLL）与红⾊圆花粉（rrll）杂交，F1全是紫⾊长花粉。

1崇明区2018届等级考第一次模拟考试试卷生 命 科 学-静安新王牌考生注意：1．试卷满分100分，考试时间60分钟。

2．作答必须全部涂或写在答题纸上，在试卷上作答一律不得分。

选择题的作答必须用 2B 铅笔涂在答题纸的相应区域。

一、选择题（共40分，每小题2分。

每个小题只有一个正确答案）1．在“细胞的观察和测量”实验中，小明已在低倍镜下观察到了清晰的蚕豆叶下表皮细胞，现要精确地测量保卫细胞的长度，接下来他应该做的是 A ．使用目镜测微尺直接测量 B ．转换至高倍镜C ．调节细调节器D ．调节光圈2．图1为一种人工半透膜模型。

与细胞膜结构相比，K +和3NO -不能通过的原因是缺少了关键成分A ．蛋白质B ．磷脂C ．多糖D ．胆固醇3．某课题小组以“班氏试剂作用下溶液出现颜色反应的时间”为指标，探究比较不同成熟程度的柚汁中还原性糖的含量，实验鉴别的特征是溶液显现 A ．蓝色B ．橘红色C ．紫色D ．红黄色4．某高中课题小组设计了“探究土壤中是否存在能分解纤维素的微生物”的实验，部分实验方案及实验结果如表1，其中卷烟纸的作用是A ．提供碳源B ．提供生长因子C ．提供无机盐D ．提供氮源图1表1土样编号 A B 土样是否灭菌 是 否 土层上卷烟纸的数量 3条 3条 一个月后卷烟纸的数量3条0条H 2O25．胰蛋白酶主要消化位于细胞外的基质蛋白质，一般浓度不会消化人肠道壁细胞膜上的蛋白质，这体现了酶具有的特性是A ．易变性B ．专一性C ．高效性D ．稳定性6．图2为视网膜结构示意图。

下列不属于图示信息传递方式的是A ．神经冲动传导B ．突触传递C ．光能转换为电信号D ．激素传递7．现有一种实验性的用于晚期急性淋巴细胞白血病（ALL ）的新型疗法，即通过基因工程对患者的T 细胞进行改造，使其能够识别并摧毁ALL 细胞从而获得免疫能力。

该免疫疗法属于 ①细胞免疫 ②体液免疫 ③天然免疫 ④人工免疫 A ．①③B ．①④C ．②③D ．②④8．表2中显示了不同浓度蔗糖溶液处理后洋葱鳞叶细胞质壁分离以及复原的情况，表中最适合观察细胞失水和吸水时原生质层变化情况的浓度是A ．0.3 g/mLB ．0.4 g/mLC ．0.5 g/mLD ．0.4 g/mL 和0.5 g/mL9．南京古生物所等在瓮安生物群动物胚胎化石的细胞中发现“核状”结构，下列研究结果中最能支持该生物群是真核生物的证据是 A ．多数细胞中只有一个核状结构 B ．未分裂母细胞中有两个核状结构 C ．核状结构位于细胞中央D ．核状结构具有膜表2 图2溶液浓度 （g/mL ） 6min 后质壁分离 细胞占比（%）原生质层体积紫色深浅 质壁分离复原时间（min ） 0.3 21 较大 较浅 12 0.4 74 较小 较深 8 0.5100较小较深不能复原310．图3为某植物形成配子过程中几个特定时期的显微照片，其中能够体现“基因的自由组合定律”的时期是A ．甲B ．乙C ．丙D ．丁11．在“DNA 分子模型的搭建”中，为体现DNA 分子的多样性，在搭建过程中应采取的措施是A ．用不同形状的塑料片表示不同碱基B ．搭建多个随机选用碱基对的DNA 分子C ．改变磷酸和糖之间的连接方式D ．遵循碱基互补配对原则12．图4为垂体释放的激素的部分调节过程。

高中生命科学 共9页 第1页崇明区2018年等级考第一次模拟考试试卷生 命 科 学考生注意：1．试卷满分100分，考试时间60分钟。

2．作答必须全部涂或写在答题纸上，在试卷上作答一律不得分。

选择题的作答必须用 2B 铅笔涂在答题纸的相应区域。

一、选择题（共40分，每小题2分。

每个小题只有一个正确答案）1．在“细胞的观察和测量”实验中，小明已在低倍镜下观察到了清晰的蚕豆叶下表皮细胞，现要精确地测量保卫细胞的长度，接下来他应该做的是 A ．使用目镜测微尺直接测量 B ．转换至高倍镜C ．调节细调节器D ．调节光圈2．图1为一种人工半透膜模型。

与细胞膜结构相比，K +和3NO -不能通过的原因是缺少了关键成分A ．蛋白质B ．磷脂C ．多糖D ．胆固醇3．某课题小组以“班氏试剂作用下溶液出现颜色反应的时间”为指标，探究比较不同成熟程度的柚汁中还原性糖的含量，实验鉴别的特征是溶液显现 A ．蓝色B ．橘红色C ．紫色D ．红黄色4．某高中课题小组设计了“探究土壤中是否存在能分解纤维素的微生物”的实验，部分实验方案及实验结果如表1，其中卷烟纸的作用是A ．提供碳源B ．提供生长因子C ．提供无机盐D ．提供氮源表1土样编号 A B 土样是否灭菌 是 否 土层上卷烟纸的数量 3条 3条 一个月后卷烟纸的数量3条0条H 2O高中生命科学 共9页 第2页5．胰蛋白酶主要消化位于细胞外的基质蛋白质，一般浓度不会消化人肠道壁细胞膜上的蛋白质，这体现了酶具有的特性是 A ．易变性 B ．专一性 C ．高效性 D ．稳定性6．图2为视网膜结构示意图。

下列不属于图示信息传递方式的是A ．神经冲动传导B ．突触传递C ．光能转换为电信号D ．激素传递7．现有一种实验性的用于晚期急性淋巴细胞白血病（ALL ）的新型疗法，即通过基因工程对患者的T 细胞进行改造，使其能够识别并摧毁ALL 细胞从而获得免疫能力。

该免疫疗法属于①细胞免疫 ②体液免疫 ③天然免疫 ④人工免疫A ．①③B ．①④C ．②③D ．②④8．表2中显示了不同浓度蔗糖溶液处理后洋葱鳞叶细胞质壁分离以及复原的情况，表中最适合观察细胞失水和吸水时原生质层变化情况的浓度是A ．0.3 g/mLB ．0.4 g/mLC ．0.5 g/mLD ．0.4 g/mL 和0.5 g/mL9．南京古生物所等在瓮安生物群动物胚胎化石的细胞中发现“核状”结构，下列研究结果中最能支持该生物群是真核生物的证据是 A ．多数细胞中只有一个核状结构 B ．未分裂母细胞中有两个核状结构 C ．核状结构位于细胞中央D ．核状结构具有膜表2 图2溶液浓度 （g/mL ） 6min 后质壁分离 细胞占比（%）原生质层体积紫色深浅 质壁分离复原时间（min ） 0.3 21 较大 较浅 12 0.4 74 较小 较深 8 0.5100较小较深不能复原高中生命科学 共9页 第3页10．图3为某植物形成配子过程中几个特定时期的显微照片，其中能够体现“基因的自由组合定律”的时期是A ．甲B ．乙C ．丙D ．丁11．在“DNA 分子模型的搭建”中，为体现DNA 分子的多样性，在搭建过程中应采取的措施是A ．用不同形状的塑料片表示不同碱基B ．搭建多个随机选用碱基对的DNA 分子C ．改变磷酸和糖之间的连接方式D ．遵循碱基互补配对原则12．图4为垂体释放的激素的部分调节过程。

上海市崇明区2018届高三生命科学第一次模拟考试试题考生注意：1 •试卷满分100分，考试时间60分钟。

2.作答必须全部涂或写在答题纸上，在试卷上作答一律不得分。

选择题的作答必须用2B铅笔涂在答题纸的相应区域。

•、选择题（共40分，每小题2分。

每个小题只有一个正确答案）1.在“细胞的观察和测量”实验中，小明己在低倍镜下观察到了清晰的蚕豆叶下表皮细胞, 现要精确地测量保卫细胞的长度，接下来他应该做的是A.使用目镜测微尺直接测量B.转换至高倍镜C.调节细调节器D.调节光圈2.图1为一种人工半透膜模型。

与细胞膜结构相比，K+和NO；不能通过的原因是缺少了关键成分NOV K，HQ图1A.蛋白质B.磷脂C.多糖D.胆固醇3.某课题小组以“班氏试剂作用下溶液出现颜色反应的时间”为指标，探究比较不同成熟程度的柚汁中还原性糖的含量，实验鉴别的特征是溶液显现A.蓝色B.橘红色C.紫色D.红黄色4.某高中课题小组设计了“探究土壤中是否存在能分解纤维素的微生物”的实验，部分实验方案及实验结果如表1,其中卷烟纸的作用是表I土样编号A B土样是否灭菌是否土层上卷烟纸的数重3条3条一个月后卷烟纸的数量3条0条5.胰蛋白酶主要消化位于细胞外的基质蛋白质，一般浓度不会消化人肠道壁细胞膜上的蛋白质，这体现了酶具有的特性是A.易变性B.专一性C.高效性D-稳定性6.图2为视网膜结构示意图。

下列不属于图示信息传递方式的是A.神经冲动传导B.突触传递C.光能转换为电信号D.激素传递7.现有一种实验性的用于晩期急性淋巴细胞白血病(ALL)的新型疗法，即通过基因工程对患者的T细胞进行改造，使其能够识别并摧毁ALL细胞从而获得免疫能力。

该免疫疗法属于①细胞免疫②体液免疫③天然免疫④人工免疫A.①③B.①④C.②③D.②④8.表2屮显示了不同浓度蔗糖溶液处理后洋葱鳞叶细胞质壁分离以及复原的情况，表屮最适合观察细胞失水和吸水时原生质层变化情况的浓度是表溶液浓度(g/mL)6min后质壁分离细胞占比(％)原生质层体积紫色深浅质壁分离复原时间(min)0.321较大较浅120.474较小较深80.5100较小较深不能复原A.0. 3 g/mLB. 0. 4 g/mLC・ 0. 5 g/mL D. 0. 4 g/mL 和0. 5 g/mL9.南京古生物所等在瓮安生物群动物胚胎化石的细胞小发现“核状”结构，下列研究结果小最能支持该生物群是真核生物的证据是图210. 图3为某植物形成配子过程中几个特定时期的显微照片，其中能够体现“基因的自由组合泄律”的时期是11. 在“DNA 分子模型的搭建”中，为体现DNA 分子的多样性，在搭建过程中应采取的措施是 A. 用不同形状的塑料片表示不同碱基 B. 搭建多个随机选用碱基对的DNA 分子 C. 改变磷酸和糖之间的连接方式 D. 遵循碱基互补配对原则12. 图4为垂体释放的激素的部分调节过程。

上海市崇明区2018届高三生命科学第一次模拟考试试题考生注意：1．试卷满分100分，考试时间60分钟。

2．作答必须全部涂或写在答题纸上，在试卷上作答一律不得分。

选择题的作答必须用 2B 铅笔涂在答题纸的相应区域。

一、选择题（共40分，每小题2分。

每个小题只有一个正确答案）1．在“细胞的观察和测量”实验中，小明已在低倍镜下观察到了清晰的蚕豆叶下表皮细胞，现要精确地测量保卫细胞的长度，接下来他应该做的是 A ．使用目镜测微尺直接测量 B ．转换至高倍镜C ．调节细调节器D ．调节光圈2．图1为一种人工半透膜模型。

与细胞膜结构相比，K +和3NO -不能通过的原因是缺少了关键成分A ．蛋白质B ．磷脂C ．多糖D ．胆固醇3．某课题小组以“班氏试剂作用下溶液出现颜色反应的时间”为指标，探究比较不同成熟程度的柚汁中还原性糖的含量，实验鉴别的特征是溶液显现 A ．蓝色B ．橘红色C ．紫色D ．红黄色4．某高中课题小组设计了“探究土壤中是否存在能分解纤维素的微生物”的实验，部分实验方案及实验结果如表1，其中卷烟纸的作用是A ．提供碳源B ．提供生长因子图1表1土样编号 A B 土样是否灭菌 是 否 土层上卷烟纸的数量 3条 3条 一个月后卷烟纸的数量3条0条H 2OC ．提供无机盐D ．提供氮源5．胰蛋白酶主要消化位于细胞外的基质蛋白质，一般浓度不会消化人肠道壁细胞膜上的蛋白质，这体现了酶具有的特性是 A ．易变性 B ．专一性 C ．高效性 D ．稳定性6．图2为视网膜结构示意图。

下列不属于图示信息传递方式的是A ．神经冲动传导B ．突触传递C ．光能转换为电信号D ．激素传递7．现有一种实验性的用于晚期急性淋巴细胞白血病（ALL ）的新型疗法，即通过基因工程对患者的T 细胞进行改造，使其能够识别并摧毁ALL 细胞从而获得免疫能力。

该免疫疗法属于①细胞免疫 ②体液免疫 ③天然免疫 ④人工免疫A ．①③B ．①④C ．②③D ．②④8．表2中显示了不同浓度蔗糖溶液处理后洋葱鳞叶细胞质壁分离以及复原的情况，表中最适合观察细胞失水和吸水时原生质层变化情况的浓度是A ．0.3 g/mLB ．0.4 g/mLC ．0.5 g/mLD ．0.4 g/mL 和0.5 g/mL9．南京古生物所等在瓮安生物群动物胚胎化石的细胞中发现“核状”结构，下列研究结果中最能支持该生物群是真核生物的证据是 表2图2溶液浓度 （g/mL ） 6min 后质壁分离 细胞占比（%）原生质层体积紫色深浅 质壁分离复原时间（min ） 0.3 21 较大 较浅 12 0.4 74 较小 较深 8 0.5100较小较深不能复原A ．多数细胞中只有一个核状结构B ．未分裂母细胞中有两个核状结构C ．核状结构位于细胞中央D ．核状结构具有膜10．图3为某植物形成配子过程中几个特定时期的显微照片，其中能够体现“基因的自由组合定律”的时期是A ．甲B ．乙C ．丙D ．丁11．在“DNA 分子模型的搭建”中，为体现DNA 分子的多样性，在搭建过程中应采取的措施是A ．用不同形状的塑料片表示不同碱基B ．搭建多个随机选用碱基对的DNA 分子C ．改变磷酸和糖之间的连接方式D ．遵循碱基互补配对原则12．图4为垂体释放的激素的部分调节过程。

上海市崇明区2018届高三第一次模拟考试化学试题【试卷整体分析】考试范围：高考内容难度：容易【题型考点分析】上海市崇明区2018届高三第一次模拟考试化学试题第I卷（选择题）1．漂粉精的有效成分是A．Ca (ClO) 2B．CaCl2C．NaClO D．KClO【答案】A【解析】漂粉精的有效成分是Ca(ClO)2，答案选A。

2．歼-20 将20984 Po涂于表面以屏蔽雷达，起到隐身作用。

该Po(钋)原子核外电子数是A．42 B．84 C．125 D．209【答案】B【解析】质子数等于核外电子数，该Po(钋)原子核外电子数是84，答案选B。

3．以下离子中，半径最大的是A．Na B．K C．S D．Cl【答案】C【解析】离子的核外电子层数越多，离子半径越大，核外电子排布相同时离子半径随原子序数的增大而减小，因此离子半径大小顺序是S2－＞Cl－＞K＋＞Na＋，答案选C。

xk^w点睛：注意微粒半径的大小比较规律：一看电子层数：同主族元素的微粒，电子层数越多，半径越大；二看核电荷数：在同周期中的原子，核电荷数越大，半径越小；三看质子数：在电子层数和核外电子数均相同时，质子数越多，半径越小。

4．在CH3COONa溶液中离子浓度最大的是A．H B．OH C．CH3COO D．Na【答案】D【解析】CH3COONa在溶液中完全电离出钠离子和醋酸根离子，由于醋酸根离子水解，因此溶液中离子浓度最大的是钠离子，答案选D。

5．在化学实验中，玻璃棒一般不用于A．捣碎块状固体B．转移引流液体C．蘸取少量溶液D．搅拌加速溶解【答案】A【解析】在化学实验中，玻璃棒一般用于转移引流液体、蘸取少量溶液、搅拌加速溶解，不能用于捣碎块状固体，答案选A。

6．氮化硅（Si3N4）是一种新型的耐高温耐磨材料，氮化硅属于A．离子晶体B．分子晶体C．金属晶体D．原子晶体【答案】D【解析】氮化硅（Si3N4）是一种新型的耐高温耐磨材料，因此氮化硅属于原子晶体，答案选D。

2018年上海崇明县高三一模英语试卷-学生用卷一、语法填空（共10小题，每题1分，满分10分）1、【来源】 2018年上海崇明县高三一模第21~30题10分Star Giraffe Finally Gives Birth April, a giraffe who became an Internet star after her pregnancy was broadcast online, has finally given birth, ending months of excitement for her audience．The live broadcast from Animal Adventure Park in Harpursville, the State of New York, began during the winter.1drew nearly five million viewers a day at its peak. Some viewers kept checking back, even after the period2April was expected to give birth had gone. Others became frustrated, questioning3she was really pregnant．Finally,4April was pacing in her pen（畜栏）on April 15，two hooves （蹄）began to appear．After a few hours, a newly - born giraffe was lying on thefloor,5（look） around confusedly. The calf（幼崽）tried to stand a few times but6not. An hour later，it was7its feet, walking around carefully. A spokesman for the animal park said the calf was a boy. "After months of pregnancy, both mom and calf are doing fine，"said Jordan，the owner of Animal Adventure Park．People in Harpursville now hope the attention that April8（draw） will translate into an economic development for the area. Harpursville was once a manufacturing base, but it has struggled financially in recent years．Fortunately, there are already signs9April's fame is breathing new life into the area. Dozens of families recently arrived at the animal park after hours of driving,only10（find） it closed for the winter. A nearby hotel has booked more than 100 reservations for a package that includes admission to the park when it reopens in May.二、选词填空（共10小题，每题1分，满分10分）2、【来源】 2018年上海崇明县高三一模第31~40题10分Company Builds World's First Automobile Vending Machine（自动贩卖机）Thanks to used-car website Carvana, it is now possible to buy your own set of wheels at the touch of a button, from the world's first and only coin-operated car vending machine in Nashville, Tennessee. It's quick, easy, and not cheap, but cheaper than buying a car the old way.The company has been working on the concept for the past two years.Their1car vending machine was installed in Atlanta in 2013. But they've spent time improving the design, in order to take user experience to the next level. "Our new Vending Machine is a state-of-the-art, multi-story structure that delivers our customers'cars bymerely2 a special coin, "said Carvana CEO Ernie Garcia.The machine consists of a five﹣story glass tower that can hold up to 20cars at a time. The tower basically serves as a n3point for used cars that customers purchase through the website, enabling4pricing and eliminating delivery costs.Customers can access a long list of specifications, ratings, reviews, and lots of other details about the cars they're interested in on the Carvana website. They even get5tours that point out every scratch on the body of the car. Once the car is chosen and paid for, the company usually delivers the car to the customer for a seven﹣day trial period. This usually means the delivery costs are worked into the6of the vehicle.But with the Vending Machine, customers are able to go to pick up their cars straight away. It's a win-win7that allows Carvana to cut down on staff and overhead（间接费用） , and save customers about $2,000as well. According to the company, it also makes for a great8experience-"Carvana's9is to create a better way to buy a car, and this new Vending Machine will be a one-of-a-kind experience,10just how simple and easywe've made it to buy a car online, "Garcia said. He added the company plans to build more car vending machines in the future.A. modelB. competitiveC. insertingD. pickupE. originalF. missionG. priceH. mirroringI. branchingJ. virtualK. buying三、完型填空（共15小题，每题1分，满分15分）3、【来源】 2018年上海崇明县高三一模第41~55题15分Stay out of the Sun to Look Young Forget drinking countless glasses of water or getting your beauty sleep. The secret of looking young is simply to stay out of the sun. A study of hundreds of women has revealed that those who avoided the sun's rays looked up to 20 years younger than they actually are.However, other supposed rules for a youthful complexion（肤色）, from drinking lots of water to sleeping well and exercising regularly, failed to1the hands of time. Only keeping out of the sun, and wearing sunscreen when this wasn't possible, madea2, the American Academy of Dermatology's annual conference will hear today. The interesting3comes from a study of 231 women of all ages who were quizzed about their lives, including whether they were sun﹣lovers. When researchers from Massachusetts General Hospital in the US﹣commissioned by skincare firm Olay﹣guessed how old the women were, they found those who4in the sun tended to have aged more slowly. A lucky four had so few wrinkles and5spots, and such a fresh complexion, that they appeared to be a full two decades younger than they really were.Researcher Dr Alexa Kimball, a professor of dermatology（皮肤医学） , saidthe6advice that we drink lots of water to stay healthy is actually a myth（谬见） , and the body is'pretty good'at judging how much we need.Previous research by the British Nutrition Foundation reacheda7conclusion. Experts there said：'Just drinking water for the sake of drinking water really has no effect on improving the appearance of skin. 'It isn't clear why the womenwho8well didn't have younger-looking skin. But it may be that the question they were asked was too9and didn't take into account their long-term sleep patterns.A second study, also by Olay, suggested that low﹣level day to day exposure to the sun is more ageing than10, intense exposure. Finally, DNA examination of tiny samples of the women's skin helped understand the11done by the sun. A gene called CDKN2A was more active in facial skin that is exposed to the elements than in samples taken from the bottoms. This gene was also more active in women who said they lovedthe12— and in those who looked older. Dr Kimball said CDKN2A activity isa13that a cell is'tired out'and urged women should protect their skin year round and not just when on a beach holiday.Dr Frauke Neuser, principal scientist at Olay, which has used the14to develop its latest face creams, said，"This research gives us a detailed picture of the effect of sun exposure on skin ageing and illustrate the importance of protection on a15basis. "A. add toB. benefit fromC. depend onD. hold backA. mistakeB. proposalC. differenceD. commentA. findingB. suggestionC. prospectD. possibilityA. cheered upB. were exposedC. made troubleD. took careA. ageB. troubleC. scenicD. weakA. faultyB. popularC. helpfulD. conflictingA. betterB. similarC. falseD. satisfactoryA. ateB. exercisedC. actedD. sleptA. hardB. apparentC. narrowD. seriousA. occasionalB. limitedC. potentialD. initialA. goodB. damageC. treatmentD. miracleA. beautyB. waterC. skinD. sunA. trendB. possibilityC. signD. chanceA. productB. researchC. approachD. sampleA. temporaryB. personalC. dailyD. strict四、阅读理解（共11小题，每题2分，满分22分）4、【来源】 2018年上海崇明县高三一模第56~59题8分2019~2020学年上海杨浦区同济大学第一附属中学高一上学期期中C篇第63~66题8分(每题2分)AMickey Mouse and Shrek are just a couple of the American animated （动画的） characters loved the world over. And they are examples of the evolution of animation, which has brought unique new life to the film industry.Among the first American animated films was Light of the Moon, a silent movie produced in1911using silhouette （剪影） animation, where the characters are represented only as black silhouettes.The real breakthrough for American animation came with Steamboat Willie, created by Walt Disney and released in 1928. It was the first animated film to be accompanied by sound, and its main star, Mickey Mouse, became one of the most loveable and enduring animated characters ever created. Disney also created the first American full﹣length animated film, Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs. Released in 1937, it enjoyed worldwide box﹣office success.Disney's extremely careful attention to high﹣quality detail in the thousands of hand﹣painted drawings required at that time to make an animated film elevated this film technique to the level of a serious art form.Clay animation is a type of stop﹣motion animation using forms made of clay. Clay animation films have been produced in the United States since 1908. But this form of animation only won wide popular appeal in 1955with a short film called Gumbasia, created by Art Clokey.Computer﹣generated imagery, or CGI, brought animation to a new level of artistry andrealism. Used in film since the 1960s, CGI animation began to develop rapidly in the mid﹣1990s. Toy Story, released in 1995and created by Pixar and Disney Studios, was the first completely computer﹣generated animated feature film.In 2001, DreamWorks and Pacific Data Images released Shrek, the first computer﹣animated feature film to win an Oscar. Shrek returned in 2004 with his talking donkey, his princess bride Fiona and an army of fairy﹣tale characters in Shrek 2. Hugely popular, that film became the highest﹣grossing （票房最高的） animated film of all time.In addition to strictly animated movies, animation has been mixed into films showing live actors as well. Who can forget the terrifyingly real dinosaurs thundering through Steven Spielberg's Jurassic Park movies and the actors they chased Thanks to the powerful capabilities of today's computers and the unlimited imagination of American filmmakers, animation will be entertaining audiences worldwide for a long time to come.(1) The passage is mainly about the of animation.A. influenceB. popularityC. charactersD. development(2) Which film marked the beginning of the complete digital age of American animationA. Light of the Moon.B. Steamboat Willie.C. Toy Story.D. Shrek.(3) It can be learned from the passage that.A. Disney played a very important role in promoting animationB. computers make animated characters more lovelyC. Jurassic Park movies involve only live actorsD. clay animation enjoys long﹣lasting popularity(4) What can be inferred about the future of animation from the passageA. Animation will forever remain an essential form of entertainment.B. Animation will be replaced by new forms of films in the near future.C. Animation will continuously gain new life due to computers and imagination.D. Animation will get more popular in the future for the developing film technology.5、【来源】 2018年上海崇明县高三一模第60~62题6分B(1) The above information is mainly intended for.A. international tourists in AustraliaB. potential travelers of the steam trainsC. local residents in Dandenong RangesD. volunteers on the Puffing Billy Railway(2) People are not permitted to bring onto the excursion trains.A. pramsB. guide dogsC. wheelchairsD. alcohol(3) What can be learned from the above information？A. Taking photos is forbidden on most excursion trains.B. Toilets for the disabled are not available at all stations.C. Foreign visitors to Australia can also get concession fares.D. One can get tickets at a lower price as long as he books in advance.6、【来源】 2018年上海崇明县高三一模第63~66题8分CAcademic learning is usually in the spotlight at school, but teaching elementary﹣age students "soft" skills like self﹣control and how to get along with others might help to keep at﹣risk kids out of criminal trouble in the future, a study finds.Duke University researchers looked at a program called Fast Track, which was started in the 1990s for children who were identified by their teachers and parents to be at high risk for developing aggressive behavioral problems.The students were randomized into two groups； half took part in the intervention （干预）, which included a teacher﹣led curriculum, parent training groups, academic tutoring and lessons in self﹣control and social skills. The program, which lasted from first grade through tenth grade, reduced arrests and use of health and mental health services as the students aged through adolescence and young adulthood, as researchers explained in a separate study.In the latest study, researchers looked at the"why"behind those previous findings. In looking at the data from nearly 900 students, the researchers found that about a third of the impact on future crime outcomes was due to the social and self﹣regulation skills the students learned from ages 6to 11.The academic skills that were taught as part of Fast Track turned out to have less of an impact on crime than did the soft skills, which are associated with emotional intelligence."The conclusion that we would make is that these soft skills should be emphasized even more in our education system and in our system of socializing children, "says Kenneth Dodge, a professor at Duke who was a principal investigator in this study as well as in the original Fast Track project. Parents should do all they can to promote these skills with their children, Dodge says, as should education policymakers.To Neil Bernstein, a psychologist in Washington, D. C. , who specializes in child and adolescent behavior disorders, the researchers' findings seem to match what he's seen among the general public in working with children for more than 30 years. And while he says he agrees with the importance of teaching self﹣control and social skills, he would add empathy to the list, too."Empathy is what makes us aware of the feelings of others, and when you're empathic, you're much less likely to hurt someone else's feelings, "says Bernstein, who serves on the advisory board for the Partnership for Drug﹣Free Kids. "Being in tune with how someone else feels might also make adolescents avoid bullying and other behaviors of concern, "Bernstein says.While Bernstein thinks the study's findings are meaningful and could potentially serve as a model for schools, he says that collectively getting a school system, teachers, parents and students all motivated enough to take part in an intervention like Fast Track is challenging.(1) Fast Track is aimed to.A. improve children's academic skillsB. help the children with behavior disordersC. identify the problematic childrenD. classify children into different groups(2) Neil Bernstein thinks that.A. empathic children are more likely to have higher emotional intelligenceB. the findings of the studies disagree with what he has found in his workC. empathy is equally essential in educating and socializing childrenD. self﹣control and social skills are not as important as empathy(3) What can be learned from the passageA. It's hard to involve everyone concerned in applying the findings.B. Soft skills were not part of the education system in the past.C. The findings are meaningless unless guided by Fast Track.D. Adolescence is the most critical stage in a person's life.(4) What does the passage mainly tell us？A. Academic skills are paid too much attention at schools.B. Academic skills have no influence on children's behaviors.C. Soft skills are much harder to develop than academic skills.D. Soft skills play a significant role in preventing future crimes.五、信息匹配（共4小题，每题2分，满分8分）7、【来源】 2018年上海崇明县高三一模第67~70题8分The Best Language for MathWhat's the best language for learning math？Hint：You're not reading it.Chinese, Japanese and Korean use simpler number words and express math concepts more clearly than English. The language gap is drawing growing attention as confusing English number words have been linked in several studies to weaker counting and arithmetic skill in children in English-speaking countries.1Among the researchers are Karen Fuson, a professor in the School of Education at Northwestern University, and Li Yeping, an expert on Chinese math education at TexasA&M University.Chinese has just nine number words, while English has more than two dozen. The trouble starts at "11". English has a unique word for the number, while Chinese （as well as Japanese and Korean, among other languages） have words that can be translated as "ten-one" — spoken with the "ten" first.2English number words over 10 don't as clearly label place values. Number words for the teens reverse the order of the ones and "teens", making it easy for children to confuse, say, 17 with 71. As a result, children working with English number words have a harder time doing multi-digit addition and subtraction （减法）.3It also feels more natural for Chinese speakers than for English speakers to use the "make-a-ten" addition and subtractionstrategy. When adding two numbers, students break down the numbers into parts and regroup them into tens and ones. For instance, 9 plus 5 becomes 9 plus 1 plus 4.4Many teachers in America have increased instruction in the make-a-ten method and called for first-graders to use it to add and subtract.Now, you should feel lucky that you are learning math in China. Thanks to your mother tongue, all math problems just come less confusing and difficult to you!A. So it's not easy for English speakers to label place values clearly.B. The additional mental steps needed to solve problems cause more errors.C. Differences between Chinese and English, in particular, have been studied for decades.D. This method is a powerful tool for solving more advanced multi-digit addition and subtraction problems.E. Different languages indicate different ways of thinking, causing people to solve math problems differently.F. That makes it easier for children to understand the place value as well as making it clear that the number system is based on units of 10.六、阅读简答（满分10分）8、【来源】 2018年上海崇明县高三一模第71题10分Directions：Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point（s） of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.From Burn Survivor to Global InspirationLast October, the Kona Ironman World Championship witnessed an unbelievable finish. Turia Pitt, an Australian woman who suffered severe burns when caught in a bush fire during a marathon six years ago, successfully challenged herself.Pitt spent 864 days in a hospital and went through more than 200 operations. Doctors said she would never run again, but she proved them wrong.Crossing the line in the Hawaiian darkness, Pitt showed incredible emotion as the race commentator （现场解说员） announced："Turia Pitt, you are an ironman!" On social media, people around the world applauded her determination.Apart from continuing to be a star athlete, Pitt is also a motivational speaker now. She is sharing her journey of recovery with others to help raise awareness about the importance of organ donation, which she believes saved her life.Pitt was 24 years old when she and five others encountered the fire. Doctors had to remove the burnt skin and replace it with donated skin that could fight infection. None could be found in Australia and doctors were forced to search abroad. They finally found skin that could be used in the United States."I'm not being dramatic, but it was the skin that saved my life.", said Pitt. "I decided to live my life to the best of my abilities because I never wanted those donors, wherever they are, to think I was ungrateful for their gift. "So Pitt set herself a big goal: the Kona Ironman World Championship. In order to compete, she had to first learn how to stand, walk and even talk all over again. And because of her burns, she also has trouble sweating and regulating her body temperature.Despite these disadvantages, Pitt completed the race in just 14 hours. She said this achievement would not be possible without the donated skin, highlighting the importance of organ donation.七、翻译句子（共4小题，1、2题每题3分，3题4分，4题5分，满分15分）9、【来源】 2018年上海崇明县高三一模第72~75题15分(3分,3分,4分,5分)Directions： Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.(1) 你能感受到大数据给现代生活带来的冲击吗？（impact）(2) 我们在向西方学习的时候不能丢弃自己独特的文化特征. （abandon）(3) 上个月竣工的游乐园每天向公众开放, 逢星期一休息. （except）(4) 如今, 越来越多的人喜欢在网上购物, 这就促进了快递业的蓬勃发展.（which）八、书面表达（满分25分）10、【来源】 2018年上海崇明县高三一模第76题25分Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese.明启中学计划在寒假的2018年2月5日至2018年2月18日（2018年2月16日为中国春节）期间组织一批学生到美国的结对学校Jenison Public School进行为期两周的交流学习, 但具体的交流内容还在研讨之中.现学校要求想要参加的学生自行向负责该项目的王老师写申请书, 并就交流的内容提出建议, 然后再由学校商讨确定交流学生的名单.假设你是该校学生李敏, 想要参加该项目, 给王老师写申请书.你的申请书需包括：•想要参加该项目的愿望；•想要参加该项目的理由；•就交流内容提出具体建议.注：文中不得提及你的真实姓名或学校.1 、【答案】 It;in which或during which;whether或if;as或when或while;looking;could;on;has drawn;that;to find;2 、【答案】 E;C;D;B;J;G;A;K;F;H;3 、【答案】 D;C;A;D;A;B;B;D;C;A;B;D;C;B;C;4 、【答案】 (1) D;(2) C;(3) A;(4) C;5 、【答案】 (1) B;(2) D;(3) B;6 、【答案】 (1) B;(2) C;(3) A;(4) D;7 、【答案】 C;F;B;D;8 、【答案】Turia Pittmet with a fire during a marathon and got severely burnt 6 years ago. But she eventually survived and recovered withthe donated skin. What inspired people more was that she finished the Kona Ironman World Championship despite all the disadvantages she had after the surgery. She is now promoting organ donation with her own recovery experience.;9 、【答案】 (1) Can you feel the impact of big data on modern life？;(2) We can't abandon our own unique cultural features when we learn from the West.;(3) The amusement park completed last month is open to the public every day except on Mondays.;(4) Nowadays, more and more people prefer to shop online, which contributes to the booming of the express delivery industry.;10 、【答案】 Dear Mr. WangI'm Li Min. Hearing that you are planning to organize a group of students to JenisonPublicSchool, USA, for academic exchange , I would really like to apply for this opportunity.【高分句型一】（表达想要参加该项目的愿望）My parents and I have discussed the matter and they strongly approve of my participation in this activity which literally means I will miss the family reuion this Spring Festival. Since I have never experienced to go abroad for exchange study, I will surely benefit quite a lot by learning and communication in a different study atmosphere, let alone JenisonPublicSchool enjoying the longest history, the greatest reputation and the most experienced teaching mode. Problems such as communication barriers and cultural shock must be solved during two weeks, so that American students and I can achieve mutual understandings in the field of culture and education.【高分句型二】What's more, I have a wish to represent our students to enhance the Sino﹣US relationship. And personally, I firmly believe that with such a determination, this program will improve my study interest, and cultivate a more mature and independent personality.（想要参加该项目的理由以及就交流内容提出具体建议）I sincerely hope you can give me this honor. I am looking forward to your early reply.（期盼回信）Yours,Li Min;。