【教育资料】人教版高中英语必修四 Unit1 Women of achievement-语法篇(教师版)学习精品

教育资源

教育资源 Unit1 Women of achievement语法篇

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要求学生掌握本单元的重点语法----主谓一致并能熟练运用相关语法知识解决相应类型的题。

一、 主谓一致是指主语和谓语要保持人称和数的一致，英语中的主谓一致主要遵循三个原则：语法一致原则、意义一致原则和就近一致原则。这三个原则常常发生矛盾，但当发生冲突时，意义一致原则为优先考虑的原则。

意

义

一

致

原

则

clothing，furniture，traffic，jewellery，baggage，

equipment，luggage等不可数名词

单

数

Clothing is badly needed in

this flooded area.

以s结尾的表示学科、国家、机构、书籍、报刊等

名称的词

Politics is often a topic for

discussion.

表示时间、重量、距离、价格、金钱、体积等复

数名词表达一个整体概念 Forty miles was covered in a

single night. 语法一致原则 单数 He is talking with his brother.

复数 The boys are playing football.

就近

一致

原则

由or/either...or.../

neither...nor.../not

only...but (also)...

等连接

与最近的主语

在单复数上保

持一致

①Either I or they are responsible for the result

of the matter.

②Neither I nor he is in favour of her marriage.

由there，here引

起的主语不止一个时 和最邻近的主

语保持一致

There is a pen，a knife and several books on the

desk. 教育资源

教育资源

由every，any，some，no和one，thing，body等

构成的不定代词

Is everybody here today?

动词ing形式、动词不定式和名词性从句 ①Persuading him to join us

seems really hard.

②Whatever was left was

taken away.

意

义

一

致

原

则

由连词and连接的并列成分指的是同一概念，

兼具身份或匹配出现

单数

①War and peace is a

constant theme in

history.

②The singer and dancer is to

attend our evening party.

no/each/every/many a＋单数名词＋and(＋

no/each/every/many a)＋单数名词

Many a teacher and (many a)

student has seen the film.

one/everyone/each/either/the number＋of/the

variety of＋复数名词

The number of students from

the north is small.

意

义

一

致

原

则

由and连接两个并列成分表不同概念

复数 Steam and ice are different

forms of water.

一些常用复数或只有复数形式的名词如arms，

stairs，goods等。

The goods are sold out.

以s结尾的专有名词如山脉、运动会、群岛等。

The Olympic Games are held

once every four years. 教育资源

教育资源 a number of＋名词

A number of students are

from China.

特

别

提

醒 由两部分构成的表示物体的名词，如trousers，pants，

jeans，compasses(圆规)，glasses，shorts等作主语时，

谓语动词常用复数形式。但如果这类名词前用了 a

pair of或two/three...pairs of来修饰，谓语动词在数上

要与pair保持一致。

例句

①Your glasses are very nice.

②This pair of glasses is mine.

③Here are some new pairs of

shoes.

“名词＋with，along with，together with，as well as，

rather than，as much as，but，except等＋名词”结构

作主语时，谓语动词的单复数形式要与第一个名词保持一致。

①Tom as well as two of his

friends was invited to the

party.

② Dr.Smith, together with

his

wife, is to arrive on the

evening flight.

a quantity of后既可接复数名词，亦可接不可数名词。

如果a quantity of接不可数名词，则谓语动词用单数

形式；如果接复数名词，则谓语动词通常要采用复数

形式(※偶尔谓语动词用单数，属非规范用法，宜慎

用)。quantities of后接复数名词、不可数名词，后面

的谓语动词都用复数形式。 ① There is a small quantity

of water left in the bottle.

② A large quantity of books

are on sale now.

③Great quantities of fish

were caught that day.

若用and连接两个动名词、不定式短语或主语从句，

表示两个不同的概念则谓语动词用复数形式。若表示

同一概念，则谓语动词用单数形式 ① Riding on the elephants

and rowing the boats were the

children's favorite games.

①What he says and does do

not agree.

②What he says and does does

not concern me. what和whatever引导主语从句时谓语动词的单复数根

据从句所表达的意义上的数确定

例1.The family ________fans of Jay Chow, whose songs all sound familiar to them

A. were B. was C. are D.is

解析：根据句意“全家人都是周杰伦的粉丝，周杰伦的所有的歌曲对他们来说是熟悉的” family此

次强调个体，意思为“家庭成员”故推知用复数谓语动词，如果指一个整体，用单数谓语动词。

答案：C。

例 2.East of the mountain _______ two towns, ________ my hometown.

A. lie; one of which is B. lies; where lies C. lies; one of which is D. lie; one of them is 教育资源

教育资源 解析：根据句意“那座山的东边坐落着两个城镇，其中之一是我的故乡”第一空处为倒装句；第二空处是非限制性定语从句。

答案：A。

例3.All we need _______ a small piece of land where we can plant various kinds of fruit trees throughout

the growing seasons of the year.

A. are B. was C. is D. were

解析：根据句意“我们所需要的就是一小片土地，我们可以在一年中的生长季节里在那儿种植各种果树”根据题干可知all指代的是a small piece of land所以谓语动词要用单数形式，整句话的语境为一般现在时

答案：C。

例4. This term our class will have a picnic, but when and where ______yet.

A. aren’t decided B. isn’t decided C. haven’t been decided D. hasn’t been decided

解析：根据句意“本学期，我们班要去野餐，但什么时候和去哪里还没有决定。”when and where 此处表示同意一件事情紧密相连的两个方面，谓语动词应该用单数；根据yet,应用现在完成时。

答案：D。

例5. --Did you go to the show last night?

--Yeah. Every boy and girl in the area______ invited.

A. were B. have been C. has been D. was

解析：根据句意“—昨天晚上你去看展出了吗？—这个地方的每个男孩和女孩都被邀请了”主语是every boy and girl，表示单数概念，故谓语动词用单数，且询问昨晚的情况，有明确的过去时间，所以应选择was

答案：D。

基础演练

1. All but one________ here just now.

A. is B. was C. has been D. were

2. Not only I but also Jane and Mary ________tired of having one examination after another.

A. is B. are C. am D. be

3. A library will five thousand books ________to the nation as a gift.

A. is offered B. has offered C. are offered D. have offered

4. When and where to build the new factory ________ yet.