中国文化导论 lecture Five (Arts)精讲120页PPT

长期被作为经典性的定义
文化的定义 ——泰勒（Burnet Tylor)的初创
What has been termed the classic definition of culture was provided by the 19th-century English anthropologist Edward Burnett Tylor in the first paragraph of his Primitive Culture (1871):
中国文化史
绪论
一、关于文化
• 文化的定义至少已有上千种之多。 • 换言之，也就是文化本无可能精确定义。
• 本小节参看秦晖《文化无优劣，制度 有好坏》。
• 中国古代的概念：
文：五色交错的纹理。引申为包括语言文字在内的各种象征符号及其载
体——文物典籍。【书证】
化：改变、化育。引申为通过教育使人得到改变，文明程度提高。【书
——（汉）刘向《说苑·指武》
设神理以景俗，敷文化以柔远。 ——王融《三月三日曲水诗序》
西方语义系统中的“文化”
• 拉丁语和中古英语：Cultus, Cultive agrriculture, horticulture
• 1510年：Cultura mentis • 1852年：清教徒纽曼使用了"精神耕耘"（MENTAL CULTURE） • 十八世纪的法国：沃弗纳格和伏尔泰等，开始在法语中以一种完全
传播学派的定义
是若干文化特质或文化元素的集合，这种集合 体是从一个地域播散到另一地域，从一个社会传递到 e . . . is that complex whole which includes knowledge, belief, art, morals, law, custom, and any other capabilities and habits acquired by man as a member of society.

And waking and sleeping he thought about her. Long he thought ; oh ! long and anxiously ;
On his side, on his back, he turned, and back again. Here long, there short, is the duckweed ; On the left, on the right, we gather it. The modest, retiring, virtuous, young lady: With lutes, small and large, let us give her friendly welcome. Here long, there short, is the duckweed ;
Works
The Book of Songs (《诗经》) and Poetry of the South (《楚辞》) are regarded as the two peaks of China’s earliest literary.
The Book of Songs《诗经》 (3 minutes)
Qu Yuan and His Masterpieces
Qu Yuan—the earliest
known famous Chinese poet
Masterpieces:
Sorrow after Departure《离骚》 Ask Heaven《天问》 Nine Elegies《九章》
Nine Songs《九歌》
—The Chile Ballad
The Literature in the Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties (3 minutes)

China is one of the Four Ancient Civilizations of the world (alongside Babylon, India and Egypt). It has 5000 year history of the development of civilization, and the only one that has lasted for thousands of years without suspension.
Beliefs are known as the conceptions that people accept as true about how the world operates and where individuals fit in.
Norms: All societies have guidelines that govern moral standards and even the most routine aspects of life.
The term was first used by the pioneer English Anthropologist Edward B. Tylor in his book, Primitive Culture, published in 1871. Tylor said that culture is "that complex whole which includes knowledge, belief, art, law, morals, custom, and any other capabilities and habits acquired by man as a member of society."

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2 Hanfu
Zhizhui（直缀） Mianfu(冕服)
.
Zhiju（直裾）
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2 Hanfu
As a classic symbol of china , especially for Han ethnic, Han Chinese clothing has been deeply imprinted in all aspects of Chinese civilization, representing it’s gorgeous ,elegant , and rich temperament
Xieyi (Freehand style) 写意画
Gongbi (Fine-brush) 工笔画
.
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Next,let’s enjoy some chinese paintings
.
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1 Chinese painting
Chinese Bird-and-flower painting
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1 Chinese painting
卢意AND杨韦丽 30
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它依照中华民族特有的审美趋向及因此而产生的艺术手法而创作chinesepainting11chinesepainting11classificationaccordingsubjectmatterchinesepainting中国画按题材划分chineselandscapepainting中国山水画chinesebirdandflowerpainting中国花鸟画chinesefigurepainting中国人物画chinesepainting11chinesepainting11chinesepainting11chinesepainting11chinesebirdandflowerpaintingchinesepainting11gongbifinebrush10chinesefigurepainting11chinesepainting11xieyifreehandstyle12chineselandscapepainting13chinesepainting1114hanfu2215hanfu22whathanfumeansclothinghanpeoplepre17thcenturytraditionalclothinghanchinesehanfuhashistorymorethan3000years16hanfu22somepointsabouthanfucrossedcollar交waist束腰fastenedropehooks

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There are four main schools(流派) and some sorts of Chinese martial arts.
•Emei 峨眉
•Wudang 武当
•Shaolin 少林
Kongtong 崆峒
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• Wing Chun • 咏春拳
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• Tai Chi
• 太极拳
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Classification
The most famous Beijing Opera
It is known as Chinese national essence. It flourished in the 1940s,and it is over 200 years old. I'd like to recommend a movie, Farewell My Concubine(霸王别 姬）.
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• Drunken Master • 醉拳
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• Mantis Boxing
• 螳螂拳 20
• Jeet kune do • 截拳道
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Thanks
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breifintroductionhanfu汉服embroidery刺绣calligraphy书法kungfu中国功夫chinesetraditionalopera中国传统戏曲symbolschinesetraditionalcultureconfucianculture儒家文化chineseclassicalgarden中国古典园林papercut剪纸chineseknot中国结chinesetraditionalinstrument中国传统乐器ourcountrypeoplecomingfromdifferentregionsgivedifferentways

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Cultural symbol
Papercutting as traditional culture fully reflects a clever mind and a nimble fingers of Chinese. Its unique shape and color bring boundless space to the modern design, and modern design is inseparable from popular culture.
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The Jade Road
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China's four famous jade
1.Hetian jade 2.Green pine jade 3.Dushan jade 4.Xiuyan jade
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Hetian jade
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History and development
History of papercutting
(1) The first papercut was traced back to the Northern and Southern Dynasties (386-581).

不责于人。有德司契，无德司彻。天
道无亲，常与h 善人。”（第79章） 34
1，老子：智者的睿智
心，
罪 莫 大 于 多 欲 。
发 狂 。
五 味 令 人 口 爽 ， 驰
五 色 令 人 目 盲 ， 五
骋音
畋令
猎人
令耳
人聋
2，少私寡欲、淡泊名利。劝导人们在
生活方式上朴素、自然，以充分地展开生 命自身的运动，满足生命的需求，提升生 存的境界。
式” ）
h
21
（二）老子
3
，
3) 道家之仁，“不仁”之“仁”,顺
无 应自然，自生自行。
为
天地对不掺杂感情色彩；圣人对百
无 姓也是如此，没有什么仁慈可言，听 知 任百姓自在地生活。
：
政
天地不仁，以万物为刍狗；圣人不
治 仁，以百姓为刍狗。
观
h
22
（二）老子
3
，
“大仁”、“大爱”，爱所有的人，不抛
无
弃任何人，不论亲疏、善恶.
弱
：
策
持而盈之不如其己；揣而锐之不可长保；
略 论
金玉满堂莫之能守；富贵而骄，自遗其咎。 功遂身退，天之道。（9章）
h
24
（二）老子
4
，
2）辩证观念，看到了矛盾的两方面相辅
守 柔
相成，“祸今福之所倚，福今祸之所伏”， 事物的发展必然会走向其反面，“物壮则 老”。
处
所以，做事情要从反面着手，要保持或得
智
善者，吾善之；不善者，吾亦善之。
h
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处理人与人关系，化解矛盾，走向和谐
1
。 “重生”、“尊生”，爱惜自己，不要为了
，

theme of daily life. When you look at items
made in this method carefully, you will be
amazed by the true to life expressions of the figure‘s sentiment and appearance, or portrayal[pɔ:’treiəl]（描绘） of natural plants and animals‘ diverse gestures（姿
Bathing Horses by Zhao Mengfu (赵孟頫 )
Chinese Pottery may be the oldest artwork（艺术品) of
human beings. As far back as the Neolithic[,ni:əu'liθik] Age(新石器时代) (more than 8,000 years ago), people began mixing(v. 混合) clay and water then baking it until it held its shape. Ancient people attached the word 'pottery' to their discovery and used it to create various vessels(容器) and tools to improve the quality of life. Over the course of thousands of years, pottery became dominant['dɔminənt](支 配的) wares in people's daily life: used to cook, to store things, and to hold cuisine or waters as dishes.

仁
“仁”是孔子思想学说的核心。孔子以前已有“仁”的概念，但孔子丰富了“仁”的内涵，升华了“仁”的意义。
孔子的“仁”，其内容有四个含义，一曰“仁者，人也。”认为“仁”是人与生俱来的本性。二曰“仁”即“爱人”（《颜 渊》），并进一步阐明“夫仁者，己欲立而立人，己欲达而达人”（《雍也》）。为“仁”，应该做到“己所不欲，勿施于人” （《颜渊》）。三曰“亲亲而仁民，仁民而爱物”，他认为政治的最高境界是以“仁”治天下，象尧舜一样“南面而己。” 子 张问“仁”，孔子更具体指出“能行五者于天下，为仁矣”。这五者就是“恭、宽、信、敏、惠”。四曰:“克己复礼为仁。一 日克己复礼，天下归仁焉。”（《颜渊》）他倡导以“孝悌”为基础的伦理观念，指出“孝弟也者，其为仁之本。”（《学 而》）。甚至“仁”的精神也渗透到他的教育思想当中，提出“当仁，不让于师”（《卫灵公》），指出“博学而笃志，切问 而近思，仁在其中矣”（《子张》）。
春秋战国时期的文化为什么能达到中国文化的颠峰状态
第一，社会大变革，为思想家们发表自己的主张提供了历史舞台。 第二，礼崩乐坏的社会大动荡，使士阶层迅速崛起。 第三，激烈的兼并战争，提供了文化重组的机会。 第四，竟相争霸的诸侯列国，尚未形成统一的文化观念。 第五，宫廷文化官员周游列国，走向民间，推动了私人学术集团的兴起。
第一节 中国古代哲学思想的形成
一、“百家争鸣”形成的背景
从周平王迁都（公元前722年）到秦始皇统一中原（公元前221年）这500多年间，习惯上划分 为春秋和战国两个时期。公元前476年以前为春秋时期，这段时期同孔子所编的鲁国史书《春 秋》的时间大体上差不多。公元前475年到秦统一中国为战国时期。在春秋时期，诸侯各国 “弑君三十六，亡国五十二”。战国时期发生大小战220余次，因此春秋和战国是中国历史上 一个动荡与变革的时期，就是在这动荡与变革的时期，中国文化却奏起了辉煌的乐章。