新视野大学英语第四册unit5

新视野大学英语4 Unit1--Unit5 Section A课后练习Unit 1crumble 崩溃，瓦解，消失discern 看出，觉察出，辨明Surpass 超过，胜过shrewd 精明的，机敏的，准确的conversion 转变，改造，转换distort 歪曲，曲解radiant 容光焕发的，喜悦的ingenious 有独创性的，别出心裁的stump 使困惑，难倒proposition 提议，建议，主张1. As the gender barriers (crumbled), the number of women working as lawyers, doctors, or bankers began to increase significantly from the mid-20th century.2. With the data collected each year, the owner of the shop can (discern) customer trends and how things like weather and economic indicators affect sales performance.3. His supervisor pushes and motivates him in such a positive manner that he is not only able to reach but to (surpass) his personal goals.4. He is a man with a(n) (shrewd) business sense. He has built his initial investment into a substantial and even excessively large fortune.5. The (conversion) of nuclear radiation directly into electricity wasan exciting possibility that was being vigorously explored in many laboratories in the 1950s.6. I was not only shocked but also disgusted that the report tried to (distort)the scientific facts in such a manner that even some highly-educated people were fooled.7. Sixty-two and blessed with his mother's skin, the fisherman had withstood a lifetime of exposure to the sun and looked as (radiant) asa man in his forties.8. French educator Louis Braille invented a simple but (ingenious) code which has had an impact on the lives of generations of people who are blind.9. The senators didn't expect us to ask such tough questions, and when we finally did, they got (stumped) and didn't know what to say.10. This newly established university supports the (proposition) that a more diverse higher education system is desirable since it would enhance opportunities for lifelong learning.短语be dripping with 满是…，充满in exchange for 作为交换flare up 突然发怒，骤然make an analogy between在…间做类比set a date for 为…定日期make…out of 使…变成made a pact 约好，达成协议appeale to 诉诸，唤起1. The brick walls of the ruined buildings (were dripping with) green mold and moisture, and she shivered involuntarily, looking down to avoid the sight.2. As urban populations exported finished goods (in exchange for) raw materials from neighboring populations, organized trade grew substantially.3. Knowing just how quickly a wildfire can spread, some residents of the village decided to leave their homes after the flames (flared up) nearby.4. Biology teachers often (make an analogy between) the heart anda pump in order to help students understand how the heart works.5. They would like to (set a date for) their wedding and announce their engagement to their families and friends as soon as possible.6. He was determined not to sour a perfectly good day with the memory of one jealous classmate trying to (make) a fool (out of) him in front of the entire class.7. The couple (made a pact) never to work at the same time, so that one of them was always on full-time parenting duty, and their child wouldn't have to be looked after by strangers.8. The president said that it's the worst earthquake ever to hit the country, and that he (had appealed to) the world for help, asking in particular for heavy-lift helicopters able to carry relief supplies intothe isolated mountain areas.英译汉Aristotle was an ancient Greek philosopher and scientist.亚里士多德是古希腊的哲学家和科学家。

Culture makes the business world go round文化推动商业世界的运转Edward Hall, a leader in the field of intercultural studies, famously said: "The single greatest barrier to business success is the one erected by culture." Can cultural differences have as big an impact on international business ventures as financial planning and visionary leadership? The surprising answer is: Yes!他曾说过一句名言：“商业成功的最大障碍是由文化竖立的障碍。

”对国际企业来说，文化差异难道真的和财务规划及前瞻性领导有着同样大的影响吗？答案是出人意料的：的确如此！A good example is the role of relationships in business dealings. While relationships play only a minor role in US business culture, they play a major role in Asian, African, and Middle Eastern countries. In these cultures, in varying degrees, relationship building is like a torch that lights and guides the way for business to occur.一个很好的例子，人际关系在生意往来中所起的作用。

<DIV&NBSP;&NBSP;CLASS=MSONORMAL align="left">unit 5Section AComprehension o f the textI.1. Because 22 million people live alone, which suggests that it is an overwhelming phenomenon in theUnited States.2. Because they can find inspiration in solitude.3. The more positive one is toward oneself, the less the need for staying with others.4. It depends. If they live with their friends, the friends' temporary leaving will be received as awelcome change. However, if they live alone, the temporary absence of friends may leave themwith a feeling of emptiness.5. Because the need to talk is the most basic need of a solitary person.6. They may call friends to tell them important things, or talk to themselves, their pets, the television,or even to strangers.7. To stay rational, settle down in a comfortable way and find pleasure from the current life,. wait foranything happy that may happen.8. The writer thinks that as ordinary people's solitary life differs from that of great minds (like poetsand philosophers), they should cherish the thought that "since we are here, we may as well accept itand make the best of it".VocabularyIII.1. humble2. slippery3. tame4. inspiration5. crept6. apology7. observation8. dictate9. inadequate 10. solitaryExercises on Web course only:1l. choked 12. waterproof 13. poetry 14. commodityIV1. cast out2. all by himself3. stay up late4. was fond of5. at one sitting6. filled up with7. speaks highly of8. set forth9. at length 10. for the time beingV.1.K2.H3.M4.B5.A6.07.J8.D9.F 10.1CollocationVI.1. efficiency2. status3. performance4. standard5. coordination6. sense7. career8. quality9. supply 10. accuracyWord Cjuifdin8VIl.1. underestimated2. underpaid3. overslept4. Underdeveloped5. overestimated6. overcharged7. underweight8. overloadedVIll.1. simplified2. electrician3. recovery4. childlike5. autobiography6. underline7. terrorist8. overreactsentence structureIX.1. The distance between them is not so great as to be unbridgeable.2. The unity of the masses with the party is never so strong as it is now.3. The punishment was harsh because Maggie would lose her position, but it was not so bad as losingher pay.4. I've heard the terrible noise once or twice before, but never so loud as this one.5. Men are never so peaceful, so graceful with each other as they are now. X.1. You might as well go there to see whether there is the information you need.2. We might as well call it freedom.3.You might as well ring and tell them you're going to visit them.4. We might as well walk home.5. We might as well find an easier one to read.TranslationXI.1. This little man is not so innocent as he appears.2. There's nothing I can do about the problem, so you might as well turn to Professor Wang for help.3. Both sides speak highly of the fruits in their cooperation in different areas, and hope that thecooperation can be furthered.4. On the one hand, an image of being close to the people can get a new policy more easily accepted.On the other hand, it will "encourage people to speak their minds and come up with constructivesuggestions".5. His sense of loneliness rose and fell and he sometimes would talk at length to himself and his petsand the television.6. After all, money is not everything. The richest people are not necessarily the happiest.XII1.新的机制并不像他们预期的那样有效，因为数月过去了，但管理效率并没有明显改进。

Unit 5事实如此，我们孤独无依地生活着。

据最近的统计，共有2,200万人独自生活在自己的住所里。

其中有些人喜欢这种生活，有些却不喜欢。

有些离了婚，有些鳏寡无伴，也有些从未结过婚。

孤独或许是这里的一种民族弊病，我们羞于承认它，甚于其他任何罪恶。

而另一方面，故意选择独处，拒绝别人的陪伴而非为同伴所弃，却是美国式英雄的一个特点。

孤独的猎人或探险者去鹿群和狼群中冒险，征服广袤的荒野时，并不需要有人陪伴。

梭罗独居在湖畔的小屋，有意疏离了城市生活。

现在，这成了你的个性。

独处的灵感是诗人和哲学家最有用的东西。

他们都赞成独处，都因能够独处而自视甚高，至少在他们匆忙赶回家喝茶之前的一两个小时之内是这样。

就拿多萝西·华兹华斯来说吧，她帮哥哥威廉穿上外衣，为他找到笔记本和铅笔，向他挥手告别，目送他走进早春的阳光去独自对花沉思。

他写道：“独处多么优雅，惬意。

”毫无疑问，如果自愿独处，感觉要好得多。

看看弥尔顿的女儿们：她们为他准备好垫子和毯子，然后蹑手蹑脚地走开，以便他能创作诗歌。

然而他并不自己费神将诗歌写下来，而是唤回女儿们，向她们口述，由她们记下来。

也许你已经注意到，这些艺术家类型的人，大多是到户外独处，而家里则自有亲人备好了热茶，等着他们回家。

美国的独处代表人物是梭罗。

我们钦佩他，并非因为他能自力更生，而是因为他孤身一人在瓦尔登湖畔生活，他喜欢这样——独居在湖畔的树林中。

实际上，他最近的邻居离他只有一英里，走路也就20分钟；铁路离他半英里；交通繁忙的大路距他300码。

整天都有人进出他的小屋，请教他何以能够如此高洁。

显然，他的高洁之处主要在于：他既没有妻子也没有仆人，自己动手用斧头砍柴，自己洗杯洗碟。

我不知道谁为他洗衣服，他没说，但他也肯定没提是他自己洗。

听听他是怎么说的：“我从未发现比独处更好的伙伴。

”梭罗以自尊自重为伴。

也许这里的启示是：自我意识越强，就越不需要其他的人在周围。

我们越是感觉谦卑，就越受孤独的折磨，感到仅与自己相处远远不够。

Unit 4 Fame and SuccessI. Listen and Respond1. Focusing on the Main Ideas1) It’s mainly about how to set goals in one’s life.2) This is because they all have clear goals. They know what they want in life and they go after it.3) They are: a) decide what you want; b) make clear your values; c) write them down; and d) take action.4) According to the passage, one should have written goals, careful choices, clear commitments and daily persistence if he or she wants to be successful.2. Zooming In on the Details1) athletes2) inspiring3) accident4) priorities5) independence6) intentions7) specific8) marriage9) extraordinary10) persistent11) sketches12) commitmentsII. Text A---Discovering the Main Ieas1.1) In this essay, the author talks about the issue of fame. The main idea is that most people want fame because fame can bring them celebrity, high regard, admiration, etc. However, the author emphasizes that there are few people who can really capture fame and that fame is usually short-lived. Fame can affect and sometimes even destroy one’s life.2) The author takes an objective attitude towards fame with an emphasis on its negative side. He believes that fame rewards one with money, power and popularity, but it may also enslave him and destroy his life.3) According to the author, to stay famous, an artist has to perform in the style that the public wants and enjoys, no matter how bored he is of performing in the same style year after year. Any attempt to change the style may result in the loss of his popularity among his fans.4) To find excuses for the failures, people tend to claim that they are too sensitive, they are not interested in money, they are not interested in the power that fame brings and they are not interested in the loss of privacey it demands, etc.5) According to the author, people chase fame because they want to demonstrate excellence in some field; to gain the admiration and love of many others; to be the one everyone talks about; to show family and friends that they are more than their family and friends thought they were.6) Probably not. According to the author, fame takes “the you out of you”, which means that oncea person becomes famous, he must be what the public thinks he is, not what he really is or couldbe. Fame enslaves him with what the public wants, instead of helping him maintain and develop his own identity or his true self.III. Text A---Reading Between the Lines1.According to the author, fame and the public attention that comes with it can destroy one’stalent. Once you become famous, it is not you but the public that controls your fate. You have to work and live in line with the public expectations.2.Artists are no longer the master of themselves. In order to meet the public demands, they haveto perform in the same style year after year, no matter how bored they become.3.Fame often affects how performers see their own talent and skills. It is easy for them tobelieve that they are as perfect as what the media describe. They may indulge themselves in that illusion and lose their own judgment about themselves.4.Once you become famous, your opponents will pay more attention to you and they will seekevery opportunity to challenge or even attack you. You will also be exposed to the limelight and the media may keep an eye on whatever you are doing.IV. Text B---Checking Your V ocabulary1.2) d 3) g 4) a 5) c 6) h 7) b 8) f2.1) (n.) a first university degree in any of several subjects(n.) an unmarried man2) (n.) the state of being free within society from oppressive restrictions imposed by authority onone’s way of life or behaviour(n.) too much freedom in behaviour, taken without permission and sometimes regarded as rude 3) (n.) the point of highest activity, quality or achievement(vi.) reach a highest point4) (n.) a very strong feeling of excitement or joy(vt.) cause to fell a sudden strong feeling of excitement or joy5) (n.) the amount of money that is available to a family to spend(vt.) bring (the lips) together in little folds6) (ad.) in the way that is typical of power that is uncontrolled and used without considering thewishes of others(ad.) in the way that is decided by or based on chance or personal opinion rather than facts or reason; randomly7) (vt.) make (sth.) certain to happen or be gained; ensure(vt.) tell firmly and with confidence, esp. with the aim of removing doubt; promise8) (n.) the management of money, esp. of large amounts of money by governments, companies, orlarge organizations(vt.) provide an esp. large amount of money for (a public activity or organization, business, etc.)V. Text B---Checking Your Comprehension1. NFinancial wealth, in fact, is a shallow measure of success. If we accept dollars as our standard, then “money is the measure of the man,” and what could be more foolish than that? (Para. 4) Such success cannot be measured in monetary terms. (Para. 10)2. Y…wealth is ill-measured by using mere dollars: … (Para. 3)What about a life well-lived? What about a family closely bound by love? Who could be wealthier than a man or woman whose calling provides benefits to mankind, or to fellow citizens, or even toa community or neighborhood? (Para. 4)3. Y… that fame is ill-measured by public notoriety; … (Para. 3)4. N… and that power is ill-measured solely by control over others. (Para. 3)5. NPerhaps the famed economist Joseph Schumpeter can help. Ambitious people are driven, he suggested, by “the joy of creating, of getting things done, of simply exercising one’s energy and ingenuity; and by the will to conquer, the impulse to fight, to succeed for the sake, not of the fruits of success”--- i.e. wealth, fame, and power--- “but of success itself.” (Para. 9)6. YSource sentences: Such success cannot be measured in monetary terms, nor in terms of the amount of power one may exercise over others, nor in the illusory fame of inevitably short-lived public notice. But it can be measured in our contributions to building a better world, in helping our fellow man, in bringing up children who themselves become loving human beings and good citizens. (Para. 10)VI. Text B---Optional Classroom Activities(The following explanations are provided only for references)1)As long as you have confidence in yourself, and hold the belief that anything is possible, youare already on your way to success.2)If you always close your eyes to possibilities, you will attempt nothing and accomplishnothing. Such a pessimistic attitude can never make a successful person.3)Successful people know their goals and would waste no time in pursuing them. If you believewhat you are doing now would lead you to success, the 10 million dollars might speed you up on your way to success but would not change what you are doing now.4)Education and talent are important factors in achieving success, but they can never take theplace of perseverance. On your way to success, the biggest obstacle is not the lack of education or talent, but the lack of persistence and determination in what you are doing.Education and talent may help you to achieve success, yet only persistence and determination can give you the will power to stick to your goal and to overcome difficulties.5)The only answer is as much as it takes.VII. Enhance Your Language Awareness1.1) fortune2) dull3) chased4) launched5) finance6) reputation7) liberty8) publicity9) sufficiently10) sympathy11) target12) educate13) commerce14) alike15) bored16) audiences17) regard18) assure2.1) thrown out2) and so on3) for dear life4) dedicate himself to5) was tired of6) turn away7) hang on8) for the sake ofVIII. Increasing Your Word Power1) reached / secured2) achieved / attained3) attained / reached4) reach / secure5) achieved / realized / fulfilled6) fulfill / meet / satisfy3.2) competitive3) same4) momentary5) specific6) sufficient7) cruel8) humble9) famous10) reasonableIX. Grammar Review1.1) (real) subject (真正的主语)2) object to the verb “make” （动词“make”的宾语）3) predicate （谓语）4) attribute modifying “opportunity” （定语---修饰“opportunity”）5) object complement （宾语补足语）6) adverbial of purpose （目的状语）7) adverbial of result （结果状语）8) predicative （表语）9) attribute modif ying “person” （定语---修饰“person”）10) independent element （独立主格结构）2.1) To become a famous writer2) to take traveler’s checks3) to employ a young engineer4) take the machine apart5) To understand the situation completely6) to rise higher in position7) to find that the train had left 10 minutes before8) to apply for a known job opening9) to make trouble10) To be more exactX. Cloze1) chase2) reputation3) dedicate4) reward5) sufficiently6) measured7) assure8) Momentary9) celebrity10) target11) frank12) liberty13) illusory14) regardXI. Translation1.1) He attempted to save the enterprise which was on the verge of collapse but failed.2) The president has announced that he will not seek re-election at the end of his first term.3) The young teacher is skilled at motivating his students to study hard.4) She loves giving parties and does so whenever she can find an excuse.5) I’m afraid that you’ll have to compete with at least fifty people for an administrative post in this company.6) T o be frank, I don’t think you stand a good chance of getting promoted even if you are loyal to the company.7) It was obvious that his speech aroused the sympathy of the audience for the victims of the earthquake.8) Though he has repeatedly assured me of his ability to promote our company’s products, I’ll give him another interview before hiring him.9) The company’s investment ended in failure due to the wrong strategic decisions of the general manager and so the board of directors decided to throw him out.10) I know you are tired but try to hang on a little bit longer. We will reach the peak in half an hour.2.Many people want to be famous because fame can bring them both honor and respect from the public. In most cases, fame can also help them gain wealth. But, after all, very few people can really become famous while most people, including most artists, are unlikely to become famous.It is true that some failure for some people at certain times in their lives does motivate them to strive even harder so as to achieve final success. For example, Thomas Edison, the famous American inventor, had tried hundreds of materials before he finally found the suitable fuse for the electric bulb. However, unfortunately, for most people failure is the end of their struggle.Therefore, in my opinion, success is one thing and fame is another. As long as you have tried your best, you’re already successful whether you are famous or not.XII. Theme-Related WritingA Sample Essay:Fame--- Good or EvilFame has always been pursued by many people for the advantages it brings about. Fame can assure one of a high social status, high regard, great admiration, etc. Fame can also bring one wealth as a celebrity has more chances to earn big money. Besides, the applauses and flowers from the fans may boost one’s self-confidence and increase one’s sense of fulfillment.However, fame can ruin one’s life, too. It deprives one of his privacy. As a public figure, he is often chased by fans and journalists, and his priva te life never escapes the media’s attention or public curiosity. Fame also places one under great pressure. He has to work in line with public expectations and thus becomes the slave of his own success.So fame is a double-edged sword. I don’t seek fame and I don’t envy those who are famous. I highly appreciate what the American poet Henry Wadsworth Longfellow says about fame: “The talent of success is nothing more than doing well whatever you do without a thought of fame.”。

Uint5II. Basic Listening Practice8. ScriptW: Why do some people stay in one job for life while others switch jobs from time to time?M: Some people want a fixed routine so that they don’t have to adapt tot new circumstances over and over again, while others think v ariety is the spice of life.Q:According to the dialog, why do some people stick to one job for life?9. ScriptM: Kathleen, you’ve been late for work so many times lately that I have to warn you that any repetition will result in your dismissal.W:I’m sorry. I’ll try my best to get here earlier in the future. PerhapsI could work later to make up the time I’ve lost.Q: What does the woman say?3. ScriptM: Mr. Brown, my time here has been frustrating for me. I have a better opportunity with another firm, and I’m taking it.W: We won’t be sorry to see you leave, Richard. You’ve done your best to make everyone here as miserable as you are.Q: How does the woman feel about the man’s leaving?4. ScriptW: Mr. Armes, I wanted to tell you in person that at the end of this month I’ll be leaving the company.M:Well, Sylvia, we are certainly going to miss you here, but I wish you the best of luck.Q: What does the woman want?5. ScriptW: Time, I hate to tell you this, but we’re caught in a budget crunch, and we must lay you off. I’m sorry.M: I understand. I’ve enjoyed my time here, and I’m confident I can find something else.Q: What is the man’s response?K eys: 1.B2.D3. A 4.C 5.DIII. Listening InTask 1: How to Avoid BankruptcyManager:Adam! Have you any suggestions about how we can avoid bankruptcy? Adam: Downsizing would certainly reduce our operating costs. You know, make us lean and mean, the way you have to be in today’s market. Manager: Where do you suggest we start making these staff cuts? Adam: The logical place to start would be in administration. They usually overstaffed.Manager:That’s not going to go over very well with our employees. Some of them have been with the company for years.Adam: It’s painful process, but there’s no choice. They’ll just have to get used to the idea.Manager:We can give them a fairly decent severance package when they’re fired.Adam: I know. And I think that if we computerize the office, we could reduce office staff by about 20 percent just by eliminating a lotof paperwork.Manager: OK. If we lay off 20 percent of the administrative staff, will that be enough to get the company back on its feet?Adam:Unfortunately not. We’ll also need to make some cuts in the service department.Manager: How can we do that and maintain the level of service that we offer our passengers?Adam: Well, we’ll have to retrain the service staff and streamline our operations, so we won’t need as many people to run thingssmoothly.Manager: Well, this is serious, but I really don’t think we have any other choice. I f we keep losing money like this, we’ll have to shuteverything down.21. What is the dialog mainly concerned with?22. What does the man mean by ―make us lean and mean‖?23. What is the difficulty in cutting the administrative staff?24. What will happen as a result of firing the administrators?25. What does the man think will happen after they cut 20 percent of theadministrators?Keys: 1B 2.D 3.A 4.C 5.CFor Reference1. He suggests retaining the service staff and streaming their operations,so they won’t need as many people to run things smoothly.2. That is a serious step, but she thinks they haven’t any other choice.If they keep losing money, they will have to shut everything down.Task 2: A Hard-nosed BossScriptMr. Stone was known far and wide as a hard-nosed boss who (S1) watched his employees like a hawk. He was making one of his regular tours of the factory (S2) when he spotted a young man leaning against a (S3) pile of boxes just outside the foreman’s office. Since George, the foreman, wasn’t around. Stone stood off to the side and watched to see just how ling the young men would stand (S4)around doing nothing.The young man yawned, scratched his head, looked at his watch, and sat on the floor. After ten minutes or so he yawned again and (S5)leaned back on the pile of boxes.Stone stepped from his (S6) hiding place and walked up to the young man. ―You!‖ he yelled, ―How much do you make a week?‖The young man looked up (S7) indifferently. ―Two hundred and fifty dollars,‖H e said.(S8) Stone rushed into the cashier’s office, took$250 from the cash box, and returned. ―Take it,‖he said,―and get out! Don’t let me see you around here again!‖The young man took the cash, put it in his pocket, and left. (S9) Seeing the young man showed no sign of embarrassment, Stone got furious. Then he went looking for George. When he found him, Stone was red with anger. ―That lazy boy in front of your office,‖ Stone said, ―I just gave him a week’s pay and fired him. What’s the matter with you, letting him stand around as though he has nothing to do?‖―You mean the kid in the red shirt?‖ George asked.―Yes! The kid in the red shirt!‖George said,―(S10) He was waiting for the 20 dollars we owe him for lunch. He works for the coffee shop around the corner.‖Task3: Layoffs can be predicted.ScriptIn some cases companies inform their employees in advance that layoffs are coming. In other cases, they come without warning: You arrive on time for work on a Friday, but you are told not to come next week. Ouch!In either case, you may be able to sense some bad signs in advance. Maybe the company has tried very hard to avoid layoffs; maybe it has been preparing for the worst for quite some time. If you think about the bad omens carefully, you might know as much or more than some of the employeesin managerial positions with management responsibilities.For example, if you work in sales, you might know that quotas have not been met. If you work in field engineering, you might notice far fewer customer installations. If your company’s competitors, suppliers or customers are laying off employees, it’s likely your company will too, especially if economic conditions are affecting your industry. Check the layoff statistics from the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. Search the Net and your local newspaper too for articles concerning layoffs in your industry.Do things like bad sales always mean that layoffs are coming to your company? Not necessarily. Companies have seasonal and economic sales dips all the time, and are always looking for ways to improve their performance. So, if you see only one or two bad signs, don’t jump to a hasty conclusion. But if you see more, especially along the lines of earnings warnings, budget cuts, hiring freezes, restructuring, and massive layoffs in your industry, it might just be time to get your resume up to date and start looking for a new job. Also, it might e a good idea to cancel your vacation, implement money-saving measures, and become more useful on your job. You should prepare in advance if you think you might get the axe soon.19. What is the passage mainly about?20. According to the passage, when can one sense layoffs are coming?21. What is mentioned as a bad sign for the field engineering department?22. According to the passage, what do bad sales signal?5. Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a sign for you to updateyour resume?Keys: 1D 2.C3. B 4.C 5AFor ReferenceYou may get your resume up to date and start looking for a new job. Also, it might e a good idea to cancel your vacation, implement money-saving measures, and become more useful on your job.IV. Speaking OutMODEL 1 W e’re going to miss you.Susan:Excuse me, Helen, do you have a minute to talk?Helen:That question always carries some weigh t, Sue. What’s up? Susan:Well, uh…Here goes…My university wants me to go back to update the university website.Helen: So what? You can go back on the weekend, or in the evening. Susan:But it’s a large project. So I’m afraid I have to terminate my work here before my internship is over. I have to go back next Thursday. Helen: Oh? This is quite a surprise, Sue. I’m sad that you’ll be leaving us. You run this place with clockwork efficiency, you know.We’re going to miss you.Susan: I hope this one-week notice will give you time to hire and train a replacement.Helen: Thanks for the notices, Sue. Assistants like you are one in a million. I guess we’d better start looking as soon as possible. Susan:With your approval, I’ll put out notice today and screen the application myself.Helen:That would be great. Schedule them in as you see fit. Oh, Sue, things certainly won’t be the same without you around here. Susan:Thank you for your kind words. If you have any problem, please feel free to call me.MODEL2 We have to let you go.ScriptHelen: Tom, the reason I called you into my office is your work. Tom: Really?Helen: The truth is ..I’m not satisfied with your job performance. Tom: Are you sure I haven’t been doing a good job?Helen: Tom, you’ve been reprimanded a number of times for being late and for using company time for personal matters. What’s more, you use the company phone to talk with your friends for hours.Tom:I know I’ve been late a couple of times; my motorcycle has been breaking down. I’m really sorry.I promise to do better in the future.Helen: I’m afraid it’s too late. Right now, your tardiness is the least of my problems.Tom: What do you mean?Helen: My secretary has proof that you have misappropriated company funds on several occasions.We won’t be prosecuting, but this simply can’t be allowed.Tom:: I didn’t steal any money! You r secretary is lying!Helen: I’m sorry, we have to let you go.Tom: You’re firing me? You are giving me my pink slip?Helen: Exactly. I’m sorry it had to turn out this way. Yo ur termination is effective immediately.MODEL3 I’m the one you’ve been looking for. ScriptHelen:So, Bill, tell me about your last job. What kinds of work did you do?Bill: Market investigation, sales promotion, after-sale services, risk analysis, investment planning–to name just a few.Helen: Why did you leave?Bill: Downsizing. The company wasn’t performing efficiently. It’s been operating at a loss. So the only way out was to lay off redundant employees.Helen:Why do you think our corporation makes a good career move for you? Bill: My experience at the last company is completely transferable to your company, since you deal in the same products.Helen: Go on.Bill:What’s even better, your corporation is a well-known multinational, and it’s working to become an industry leaser. I like that.Helen: And that would be a real boost to your career?Bill: Definitely. My last employer dealt with only small investments.But your company is handling large projects. That will help me grow professionally.Now Your TurnTask 1SAMPLE DIALOGPamela: Excuse me, Mr. Atkin, do you have a minute to spare?Atkin: The question suggests something serious, Pamela. What’s up?Pamela: Well, uh…Thank you very much for offering me a permanent job.But now I’ve received a notice of admission to a Master’s degreeprogram in my university. I’m afraid I have to leave.Atkin: Oh, what a pity. You did an excellent job here, and everyone likes you.Pamela: I really enjoyed working here. But further studies will give me more opportunities to grow professionally.Atkin: Your skills in software development are almost irreplaceable here.Would you stay if I promote you to the department head and giveyou a raise in pay?Pamela:Thank you very much indeed, and I do appreciate the golden opportunity. But I really need to acquire more knowledge while I’myoung. With a Master’s degree in my hands, I’ll be more competitivein the future.Atkin: In that case, I won’t keep you, Pamela. I just want to tell you that I’m sad you’ll be leaving us. You run this place with clockwork efficiency, you know. We’ll all miss you a lot.Pamela: I hope this one-month notice will give you time to hire and traina replacement.Atkin:Thanks for the notice, Pamela. Assistant like you are rare. I guess we’d better start looking as soon as possible.Pamela: With your approval, I’ll post notice today and interview applicants for you.Atkin: That would be great. Schedule them in as you see fit. Pamela, without you, things here will be different.Pamela: Thank you for your kind words. If you have any problem, please feel free call me.V. Let’s TalkScriptKathy: Well, now that everybody I here, let’s call the meeting to order.Today we have to discuss the operation of our software development department. We’re all aware that nowadays market competition isbecoming more intense than ever before. If we want to keep our competitive edge, the only way is to offer excellent and considerate service to our customer and, at the same time, lower our prices.So, what I’m thinking is, maybe we could outsource the software side of out business to another company. But what impact will it have on our engineers? It’s a big problem. Mm, I’d be interested to know your thoughts, Warton.Warton: I totally agree with you.Kathy: Could you go into more detail about your opinion?Warton: I think that outsourcing this part of our operation to another company certainly makes a lot sense. Our software engineers ategetting a bit too old, and their technology is a bit out of date. Worsestill, their salaries are quite high. Many professionalsoftware-designing companies are offering better products atlower rates. With outsourcing, we can give some of the engineersthe sack.Jennifer: Sorry to interrupt you. Coming from the PR department, I look at this issue from a different perspective. I think we should considerall sides of this issue before we make a decision.Kathy: Jennifer, I’d be interested t o knot your view too.Jennifer: I think as a large company we should consider not only customers and prices, but also our employees. Our workers have contributeda lot to our company. Some of them even started working here whenour company opened. I hope we can find a solution that won’trequire us t o lay off our loyal and trust employees. Kathy: I’m very much impressed by what you said. We’d better give this issue more careful consideration.VI.Further Listening and SpeakingTask1: Problems of JoblessnessScriptJoblessness can lead to a series of problem, and it is not easy to solve them.First of all, being without a job often means lacking social contract wit h fellow employees, and lacking a purpose for many hours of the day,. Also, it obviously affects your ability to pay bills and t o purchase the necessities of life, Lack of this ability is especially serious for those wit family obligations, debts, or medical costs, and it is especially true id in a country like the United States, where the availability of medical insurance is often linked to holding a job.Some maintain that jobless people can rely on unemployment insurance, but this is no true. Unemployment insurance in the U.S. typically does not even replace50 percent of the income one received on the job, and one cannot receive it forever. Therefore, the unemployed often end up aping welfare programs such as Food Stamps—or accumulating debt: both formal debt to banks and informal debt to friends and relatives.Some hold that low-income jobs provide solution to joblessness, but this is not true. Since it is difficult or impossible to get unemployment insurance benefits without having worked in the past, job-seekers have to accept low-income jobs. Thus, unemployment insurance keeps a ready supply of low-paid workers. To make things worse, many employers take advantage of this. When they resort to such management techniques as low wages and benefits, as well ad few chances for advancement, they bear the unemployment insurance option in mind.Under increasing unemployment pressure, jobless people suffer from a variety of financial, psychological and social problems. Increase unemployment encourages bad health and raises both crime and suicide rates.17. What is the first problem mentioned concerning joblessness?18. Which of the following is true of American unemployment insurance?19. Why do people accept low-income jobs?20. According to the passage, what problems might unemployment cause?21. Which of the following would be the most suitable title for the passage? K eys: 1.A 2.B 3.C 4.D5.ATask 2: Before the cutbackScriptBarbara: I’ve really got to think about my future. You’ve heard of the cutbacks the management’s making, right?Alan: Oh, yes. I’ve heard it. But you haven’t anything to be concerned about.Barbara: Around here you never know from one day to the next whether you can keep your job.Alan: Come on, they won’t let you go. You’ve been for so long. Besides, you’re good at your job.Barbara: That might be, but I feel that I’ve reached the glass ceiling in this company.Alan: Glass ceiling? What do you mean by that?Barbara: I’ve been working here for ten years. I haven’t gotten a promotion in three years. I thought I should be Vice President by now. IfI were a man, I’m sure I would be Vice President.Alan: There’s no official company policy, but it’s true that they don’t promote women to management positions here.Barbara: I can see the writing on the wall. I think it’s time to change job, and maybe even careers, if I want to get ahead.Alan: Change career? That’s a big jump. If you change careers, what will you do?Barbara: I’m doing market research here, but I studies public relations in college. I’d like to do PR for a large multinational company. Alan: That sounds exciting, and the pay would be better, too. Yeah, if I would keep an eye on the job positing on the Internet. Barbara: Sooner or later something good is bound to turn up in the job market.K eys: TTFFFTask3: Career TransitionsScriptIn July of 2001, my husband, a professional in the information technology consulting industry, lost his job. Despite my experience as a career counselor who had counseled hundreds of people about career changes, when the bad news finally arrived, we were both caught unprepared. Unprepared to tell our children, unprepared for the mix of emotions and most dramatically, unprepared for the sudden loss of routine in our lives. The reality was that thought we both knew well how to find jobs, we had never been in this awkward unemployment situation together before. I remember watching my husband sitting in our office as he patted his forehead and muttered to himself, ― Now what am I supposed to do?‖Being laid-off created a whole new set of questions and challenge. We turned to the bookstore for assistance and found lots of books about job search, but not a single book on the day-to-day challenges you face when you get laid-off.Over time we learned what to do. We discovered terrific resources, identified shortcuts, and learned from others going through the same process. I spoke with my colleagues and clients and collected their best tips. Before we knew it, we had gathered enough interesting material for a book on career transitions –the book we needed but couldn’t find last July Now we want to share this goldmine of information with you.For Reference5. She had experience as a career counselor who had counseled hundreds ofpeople about career changes. But when her husband’s lost job, they both were caught unprepared.6. They were unprepared to tell our children, unprepared for the mix ofemotions and most dramatically, unprepared for the sudden loss of routine in our lives.3. She saw her husband sitting in our office as he patted his foreheadand muttered to himself, ―Now what am I supposed to do?‖4. In the bookstore they found lots of books about job search, but nota single book on the day-to-day challenges people face when they getlaid-off.5. They had gathered enough interesting material for a book on careertransitions –the book we needed but couldn’t find last July News ReportU.S. Ford Plants to Be ClosedScriptFord Motor Company has announced plans to close plants ns cut more than 35,000 jobs as part of massive restricting[SOUND BITE]The announcement didn’t seem to come as a surprise to many Ford employees. .[SOUND BITE]Ford Chief Executive, Bill Ford, Jr., called the cuts painful, but necessary to rescue the world’s number two carmaker from going under.The planned cuts include22, 000 jobs in the U.S. and Canada.Certain U.S. models, such as the Cougar, Escort, Villager, and Lincoln Continental will be discontinued due to plant closings.Ford, Jr. said he would receive no salary until the company recovered. [SOUND BITE]Ford’s recent financial troubles reflect a complete turnaround from last year, when the company reported a profit of more than $6 billion for the year2000.The company was hit hard in 2001, when they spent $3 billion during a safety recall.When news of the plant closings and job cuts the workers, many reacted with emotion.[SOUND BITE]Chairman Ford, Jr. says that recovery will be based on getting back to basics in product development and on improving quality and productivity.。

|<1>solitary|a. |tending to spend a lot of time alone |独自的；喜欢独处的| | | |a solitary traveler |一位孤独的旅行者| | | |A solitary tree remained standing after the hurricane. |飓风过后，惟有一棵树孤独地挺立在那儿。

|@ |<2>tame |vt. |make sb. or sth. easy to control |驯服；控制| | | |Atomic energy has been tamed and harnessed for useful work. |原子能已被控制并得到实际应用。

| | | |He tamed the wild horse. |他驯服了那匹野马。

| | |a. |(esp. of animals) not afraid of people, and used to living with them |（尤指动物）温顺的，驯化的| | | |The birds in the park are quite tame and will take food from your hand. |公园的鸟很温顺，它们会吃你亲手喂给它们的食物。

| | | |He keeps a tame bear as a pet. |他养着一头驯服的熊作为宠物。

| |<3>pond |n. |[C] a small still body of water formed naturally or created artiicially |池塘| | | |She has a pond at the bottom of her garden. |她在花园深处有个池塘。

| | | |She chose a bench beside the fish pond and sat down. |她在鱼塘旁挑了个板凳，坐了下来。

新视野大学英语4 Unit1--Unit5 Section A课后练习Unit 1crumble 崩溃，瓦解，消失discern 看出，觉察出，辨明Surpass 超过，胜过shrewd 精明的，机敏的，准确的conversion 转变，改造，转换distort 歪曲，曲解radiant 容光焕发的，喜悦的ingenious 有独创性的，别出心裁的stump 使困惑，难倒proposition 提议，建议，主张1. As the gender barriers (crumbled), the number of women working as lawyers, doctors, or bankers began to increase significantly from the mid-20th century.2. With the data collected each year, the owner of the shop can (discern) customer trends and how things like weather and economic indicators affect sales performance.3. His supervisor pushes and motivates him in such a positive manner that he is not only able to reach but to (surpass) his personal goals.4. He is a man with a(n) (shrewd)business sense. He has built his initial investment into a substantial and even excessively large fortune.5. The (conversion)of nuclear radiation directly into electricity was an exciting possibility that was being vigorously explored in many laboratories in the 1950s.6. I was not only shocked but also disgusted that the report tried to (distort) the scientific facts in such a manner that even some highly-educated people were fooled.7. Sixty-two and blessed with his mother's skin, the fisherman had withstood a lifetime of exposure to the sun and looked as (radiant) as a man in his forties.8. French educator Louis Braille invented a simple but (ingenious) code which has had an impact on the lives of generations of people who are blind.9. The senators didn't expect us to ask such tough questions, and when we finally did, they got (stumped) and didn't know what to say.10. This newly established university supports the (proposition)that a more diverse higher education system is desirable since it would enhance opportunities for lifelong learning.短语be dripping with 满是…，充满in exchange for 作为交换flare up 突然发怒，骤然make an analogy between在…间做类比set a date for 为…定日期make…out of 使…变成made a pact 约好，达成协议appeale to 诉诸，唤起1. The brick walls of the ruined buildings (were dripping with) green mold and moisture, and she shivered involuntarily, looking down to avoid the sight.2. As urban populations exported finished goods (in exchange for) raw materials from neighboring populations, organized trade grew substantially.3. Knowing just how quickly a wildfire can spread, some residents of the village decided to leave their homes after the flames (flared up) nearby.4. Biology teachers often (make an analogy between) the heart and a pump in order to help students understand how the heart works.5. They would like to (set a date for) their wedding and announce their engagement to their families and friends as soon as possible.6. He was determined not to sour a perfectly good day with the memory of one jealous classmate trying to (make) a fool (out of) him in front of the entire class.7. The couple (made a pact) never to work at the same time, so that one of them was always on full-time parenting duty, and their child wouldn't have to be looked after by strangers.8. The president said that it's the worst earthquake ever to hit the country, and that he (had appealed to) the world for help, asking in particular for heavy-lift helicopters able to carry relief supplies into the isolated mountain areas.英译汉Aristotle was an ancient Greek philosopher and scientist.亚里士多德是古希腊的哲学家和科学家。

Unit 5 testNextPart I ScriptDirections: Listen to the short dialogs, and then choose the correct answers to the questions. You will hear the recording twice. After the first playing, there will be time for you to choose the correct answers. Use the second playing to check your answers.1.(Listen to the audio recording for the question.)A. The man wants to leave, and the woman tries to keep him.B. The woman wants to leave, and the man tries to keep her.C. The woman wants the man to leave, and the man wants to stay.D. The man wants the woman to leave, and the woman wants to stay.2.(Listen to the audio recording for the question.)A. The man is employed by a head-hunting company.B. The man works in the same company as the woman.C. The man will take the offer.D. The man is offering a job to the woman.3.(Listen to the audio recording for the question.)A. Changing her job.B. Transferring to an important position.C. Staying at the company and gather experience.D. Going back to school to learn more knowledge.4.(Listen to the audio recording for the question.)A. His new job is very satisfying.B. Compared with his present job, the man likes the previous one.C. He will try his best to get accustomed to the new company.D. He changed three jobs within a month.5.(Listen to the audio recording for the question.)A. Because he had a high rate of absenteeism from work.B. Because he irritates an important customer of the company.C. Because he diverted the company's money for personal purposes.D. Because he performed poorly last year and held a low sales record.Part II ScriptDirections: Listen to the passage three times. When the passage is read for the first time, listen for the general idea. When the passage is read the second time, fill in the blanks numbered from (1) to (7) with the exact words you hear. For blanks numbered from (8) to (10), write down either the exact words you hear or the main points in your own words. When the passage is read the third time, check your answers.Between the ages of 20 and 30, most people have more than 8 jobs. This is aGilbert, psychologist at Harvard, says that we really don't know what we'lllike until weSo having a lot of jobs when you start your adultlife is a good way toBut, job hopping is a good thing for everyone to do—not just twenty-somethings—because it's a way toFrequent changes keep your learningfresh. Finally, frequent job hopping, coupled with high performance allows youto build a professional network much faster than someone who stays in one position over a long period of time. And a vibrant network will make findingjobs easier, so job hopping will not be a difficultmajority of young people are job hopping, and companies are having a hard time attracting young people to work, recruiters don't have the luxury of writing people off just because they job hopped. Recruiters write people off because their résumé looks like they won't contribute enough to the company.So, (9)That can be independent of job duration. (10)Loyalty is about delivery. Show that on your résumé, the same place you showjob hopping.Your answer Correct answer(1) positive positive(2) reasons reasons(3) try try(4) figure figure(5) maintain maintain(6) core curve(7) pase path(8) It's clear that job hopping benefitsthe employee, not the employer(9) the trick with job hopping is to makesure your résumé always shows that youmake a huge contribution wherever yougo(10) You can show that you are loyal to acompany by exceeding theirexpectations with your outstandingperformancePart III ScriptDirections: Listen to the following recording, and then choose the correct answers to the questions. You will hear the recording twice. After the first playing, there will be time for you to choose the correct answers. Use the second playing to check your answers.1. What did the Mexican fisherman say when advised to stay out longer and catchmore fish?A. He was tired.B. He could not find more fish.C. He had caught enough fish for his family's immediate use.D. He had caught enough fish for his family's long-term consumption.2. Which of the following is the sequence of actions the American suggests forthe Mexican?A. Selling to the factory—owning a factory—owing a fleet of boatsB. Owing a fleet of boats—selling to the factory—owning a factoryC. Owing a fleet of boats—owning a factory—selling to the factoryD. Selling to the factory—owing a fleet of boats—owning a factory3. What did the American suggest the Mexican could finally do to make millionsof dollars?A. Expand his fleet.B. Expand his factory.C. Sell more fish to the middleman.D. Sell his company's stock to the public.4. What did the American advise the Mexican to do after the latter had mademillions of dollars?A. Lead a leisurely life.B. Lead a colorful life in Mexico City.C. Lead a profitable life in Los Angeles.D. Follow an MBA program.5. What does the Mexican's final answer imply?A. Playing with one's children is more fun than drinking wine.B. Drinking wine is more fun than playing the guitar.C. It is not worthwhile to work hard to expand one's business.D. It is a good idea to work hard to make plenty of money.Part IVDirections: Choose the best answer to each of the following statements.1.Some people want a fixed routine so that they don't have to ________ newcircumstances over and over again while others think variety is the spice of life.A. adapt toB. adapt atC. adjust withD. adjust for2.I promise to be on time from now on. Perhaps I could work later to __________the time I've lost.A. make up withB. make up forC. make withD. make for3.The logical place to start downsizing would be in administration. They'reusually _____________.A. too staffedB. too much staffedC. above staffedD. overstaffed4.In some cases companies inform their employees in advance that _______ arecoming.A. firesB. dismissesC. lay-offsD. sacks5.If you work in sales, you might know that quotas have not been ______.A. finished withB. met withC. accomplishedD. met6.If you see only one or two bad signs, don't jump _______ a hasty conclusionthat the company is going bankrupt.A. atB. inC. toD. for7.If you see a lot of earnings warnings, budget cuts, hiring freezes,restructuring, and massive lay-offs in your industry, it might just be time to get your résumé_________ and start looking for a new job.A. datedB. datingC. according to dateD. up-to-date8.In the United States, the unemployed often end up _________ welfareprograms such as Food Stamps.A. to tapB. tappingC. with tappingD. for tapping9.If I were you, I would keep an eye on the job _______ on the Internet.A. postsB. postingsC. opensD. vacant10._______ my experience as a career counselor, when the bad news finallyarrived, I was unprepared.A. DespiteB. AlthoughC. ExceptD. While。

英语Unit 5 总结Word and Phrasesolitary a. tending to spend a lot of time alone 独自的；喜欢独处的e.g. A solitary tree remained standing after the hurricane. 飓风过后，惟有一棵树孤独地挺立在那儿。

tame vt. make sb. or sth. easy to control 驯服；控制e.g. Atomic energy has been tamed and harnessed for useful work. 原子能已被控制并得到实际应用。

a. (esp. of animals) not afraid of people, and used to living with them （尤指动物）温顺的，驯化的e.g. The birds in the park are quite tame and will take food from your hand. 公园的鸟很温顺，它们会吃你亲手喂给它们的食物。

pond n. [C] a small still body of water formed naturally or created artificially 池塘She has a pond at the bottom of her garden. 她在花园深处有个池塘。

inspiration n. [C, U] a sudden good idea about what to do or say 灵感e.g. Wordsworth found (his) inspiration in the Lake District. 华兹华斯从湖区获得灵感。

solitude n. [U] the situation of being alone 独居，孤独e.g. People need a chance to reflect on spiritual matters in solitude. 人们需要独处的机会来反思精神上的事情。