心理学专业外语

The humanistic approach to psychology心理学的人本主义研究方法‘Humanistic psychology has as its ultimate goal the preparation of a complete description of what it means to be alive as a human being’.Bugental(1967)“人本主义心理学把对人类活着意义的完整阐述作为其终极目标。

”布根塔尔（1967）Origins and history1.起源和历史The humanistic movement developed in America in the early 1960s,and was termed the third force in psychology since it aimed to replace the two main approaches in the subject at that time,behaviourism and psychoanalysis.Influenced by gestalt psychology’s idea of studying whole units, and existential philosophy with its belief in conscious free will,humanists argued that behaviourism’s artificial and dehumanising approach and psychoanalysis’s gloomy determinism were insufficient to provide a complete psychology.人本主义运动发展壮大于20世纪60年代初的美国,由于它旨在取代当时这一领域的两大心理学重要研究方法——行为主义和精神分析，而被称为心理学的第三势力。

心理学专业英语复习资料I. Translate the Following English Phrases into Chinese1. Research Methods 研究方法2。

Psychophysics 心理物理学3. Theories of Learning 学习理论4。

Social Cognition 社会认知5． Personality Test 人格测试6。

Extraneous Variable 无关变量7。

Longitudinal Study 纵向研究8。

Crystallized Intelligence 晶体智力9。

Motor control 运动控制10. Corpus Callosum 胼胝体11。

Group Thinking 群体思维12。

Social Loafing 社会懈怠13. Social Exchange 社会交换14. Social Approval 社会赞许15。

Diffusion of Responsibility 责任分散16。

Recency Effec 近因效应17． Trace Decay 痕迹消退18。

Retrograde Amnesia 倒摄遗忘19. Social Support 社会支持20. Self—efficacy 自我效能21。

Case Study 个案研究II. Translate the Following Chinese Word Groups into English1。

机能主义 functionalism2。

自我实现 self—actualization3．一般规律研究法 nomothetic method4。

分层抽样 stratified sampling5. 外在信度 external reliability6. 选择性注意 selective attention7。

知觉恒常性 perceptual constancy8. 自我概念 self concept9. 液体智力 fluid intelligence10. 安全型依恋 secure attachment11. 性别图示 gender schema12。

完整版)心理学专业英语词汇简介本文档收集了心理学专业中常用的英语词汇，旨在帮助学习心理学的同学更好地理解和应用相关学术内容。

以下是一些常见的心理学术语和相关词汇。

1.心理学基础概念Psychology - 心理学Psychology - 心理学Psychology - 心理学Mind - 心智Mind - 心智Mind - 心智n - 认知n - 认知n - 认知r - 行为r - 行为r - 行为___ - 情绪___ - 情绪___ - 情绪Memory - 记忆Memory - 记忆Memory - 记忆Intelligence - 智力Intelligence - 智力Intelligence - 智力Personality - 人格Personality - 人格Personality - 人格2.心理学专业分支___ - 发展心理学___ - 发展心理学___ - 发展心理学___ - 社会心理学___ - 社会心理学___ - 社会心理学___ - 认知心理学___ - 认知心理学___ - 认知心理学___ - 临床心理学___ - 临床心理学___ - 临床心理学___ - 教育心理学___ - 教育心理学___ - 教育心理学Industrial-___(I/O) Psychology - 工业组织心理学Industrial-___(I/O) Psychology - 工业组织心理学Industrial-___(I/O) Psychology - 工业组织心理学___ - 神经心理学___ - 神经心理学___ - 神经心理学3.心理学研究方法___ - 实验___ - 实验___ - 实验Survey - 调查Survey - 调查Survey - 调查n - 观察n - 观察n - 观察Interview - 访谈Interview - 访谈Interview - 访谈nnaire - 问卷nnaire - 问卷nnaire - 问卷n - 相关性n - 相关性n - 相关性Statistical Analysis - 统计分析Statistical Analysis - 统计分析Statistical Analysis - 统计分析Sample - 样本Sample - 样本Sample - 样本n - 总体n - 总体n - 总体4.心理学理论Psychoanalysis - 精神分析Psychoanalysis - 精神分析Psychoanalysis - 精神分析rism - 行为主义rism - 行为主义rism - 行为主义___ - 认知理论___ - 认知理论___ - 认知理论___ - 人本主义心理学___ - 人本主义心理学___ - 人本主义心理学___ - 生物心理学___ - 生物心理学___ - 生物心理学___ - 进化心理学___ - 进化心理学___ - 进化心理学Social learning theory - 社会学习理论Social learning theory - 社会学习理论Social learning theory - 社会学习理论5.心理学诊断和治疗方法Diagnosis - 诊断Diagnosis - 诊断Diagnosis - 诊断___ - 治疗___ - 治疗___ - 治疗Counseling - 咨询Counseling - 咨询Counseling - 咨询___ - 心理治疗___ - 心理治疗___ - 心理治疗___ - 药物治疗___ - 药物治疗___ - 药物治疗___ (CBT) - 认知行为疗法___ (CBT) - 认知行为疗法___ (CBT) - 认知行为疗法Group ___ - 团体疗法Group ___ - 团体疗法Group ___ - 团体疗法___ - 艺术疗法___ - 艺术疗法___ - 艺术疗法6.心理学实验设计Independent Variable - 自变量Independent Variable - 自变量Independent Variable - 自变量___ Variable - 因变量___ Variable - 因变量___ Variable - 因变量Control Group - 对照组Control Group - 对照组Control Group - 对照组Experimental Group - 实验组Experimental Group - 实验组Experimental Group - 实验组Random Assignment - 随机分配Random Assignment - 随机分配Random Assignment - 随机分配Single-Blind Study - 单盲研究Single-Blind Study - 单盲研究Single-Blind Study - 单盲研究Double-Blind Study - 双盲研究Double-Blind Study - 双盲研究Double-Blind Study - 双盲研究7.心理测量与评估Psychological Assessment - 心理测量Psychological Assessment - 心理测量Psychological Assessment - 心理测量Intelligence Test - 智力测试Intelligence Test - 智力测试Intelligence Test - 智力测试Personality Test - 人格测验Personality Test - 人格测验Personality Test - 人格测验Psychological Test - 心理测验Psychological Test - 心理测验Psychological Test - 心理测验Validity - 有效性Validity - 有效性Validity - 有效性Reliability - 可靠性Reliability - 可靠性Reliability - 可靠性___ - 标准化___ - 标准化___ - 标准化以上是一些常用的心理学专业英语词汇，希望对学习心理学的同学有所帮助。

心理学专业英语词汇pdf.专业英语1Psychology：n.心理学mind：n心理；心灵，精神soul：n.灵魂behaviour：n.行为The scientific study of behaviour and mental processes：行为与心理过程的科学研究psychologist：n.心理学家philosophy：n.哲学philosopher：n.哲学家Empiricism：n.经验主义，源于英国哲学家洛克，认为知识源于后天学习经验。

行为主义坚持这一观点，强调必须通过观察与实验来研究客观事实为对象的心理现象，例如外显行为。

Positivism：n.实证主义，源于法国哲学家孔德，认为科学只研究可以观察到或经验到的事实，实证即只承认能确证的事实。

biology：n.生物学evolution：n.进化genetics：n.遗传学physiology：n.生理学endocrine：n. 内分泌，激素physics：n. 物理学physicist：n.物理学家psychophysics：n.心理物理学separate scientific discipline：独立的科学学科Principlesof psychology：心理学原理structuralism：结构主义conscious：a.有意识的introspection：n.内省image：n.意象；心象sensation：n.感觉，知觉feeling：n.触觉，知觉，感觉，感情，情感functionalism：n.功能主义thought：n.思想psychoanalysis：n.精神分析(或疗法)；心理分析(或疗法) therapy：n.治疗，疗法The interpretation of dreams：梦的解析unconscious mind：无（潜）意识心理Behaviorism：行为主义experimental psychology：实验心理学cognitive：a.认知的humanistic：a.人本主义的cognitive psychology：认知心理学专业英语2variables：变量aggression：攻击；侵犯intelligence：智力operationalisation：操作化abstract concepts：抽象概念observable behaviour：可观察行为puzzle：测验智力的间题（或玩具）；难题reification：（抽象概念等）具体化，观念与现象混淆case studies：个案研究法surveys：调查法observations：观察法correlations：相关性experiments：实验法independent variable：自变量dependent variable：因变量extraneous variables：外扰变量，无关变量controls：控制random：随机confounding variables：混杂变量constant：恒定hypotheses：假设2-tailed hypotheses：双极假设1-tailed hypotheses：单极假设operationalised variables：操作性的变量statistically singnificant：统计学意义上的显著null hypotheses：零假设significant effect：显著性效果manipulation of the independent variable：自变量的操纵laboratory：实验室deliberately manipulates：仔细操纵strict control：严格控制subject：被试natural environment：自然环境quasi experiment：准实验专业英语3Perception：知觉Sense：感觉，感官visual perception：视觉，视知觉two-dimensional：二维的retina：视网膜three-dimensional：三维的viewpoin：察点，注视点shape constancy：形状恒常性size constancy：大小恒常性luminescence：发光brightness constancy：明度恒常性illusions ：错觉Necker cube：尼克尔立方体emergent properties：突变特性Gestalt：格式塔Phiphenomenon：似动现象Law of Pragnanz ：完形倾向性定律proximity：邻近性similarity：相似性closure：闭合continuity：连续性figure-ground：图形－背景mon fate：共同命运，以相同方向运动的物体会被组织在一起专业英语4Attention：注意sensory stimuli：感觉刺激focused or selective attention：集中或选择注意divided attention：分配注意visual field：视野vision：视觉hearing：听觉target：目标；靶专业英语5encode：编码memory：记忆photon：光子，见光度（等千通过一平方厘米大的瞳孔看到每平方米一支蜡烛的照明度）represent：描述；代表；象征representation：表征echoic (auditory)：回声的，声象的imagery memory：形象记忆iconic (visual)：映象的，形象的recall：回忆tune：声调working memory：工作记忆Visuospatial scratchpad：视觉空间模板photographic (eidetic) memory：映象记忆implicit memory：内隐记忆the central executive：中央执行器phonological loop：语音回路procedural memory：程序记忆enactive mode：动作性模式，指人们用“动作”来表达他们关于世界的知识和经验。

心理学专业英语单词心理学（Psychology）是一门涵盖广泛，理论丰富，且与日常生活息息相关的学科。

本文将列举一些心理学专业中常见的英语单词，以便读者能更好地理解和应用这一学科。

1、Conditioning（条件反射）：这是一种通过建立刺激和反应之间的来形成新的行为模式的过程。

2、Emotional Intelligence（情绪智力）：指个体感知、理解、管理和表达自己及他人情绪的能力。

3、Id（潜意识）：弗洛伊德心理学理论中的一个概念，指那些被压抑的欲望和本能。

4、Superego（超我）：也是弗洛伊德心理学理论中的一个概念，指由父母和社会规范塑造的道德和良知。

5、Defense Mechanism（防御机制）：指个体在面对压力或焦虑时，无意识采用的自我保护策略。

6、Humanistic Theory（人本主义理论）：该理论强调人的主观性、自我实现和意义建构。

7、Behaviorism（行为主义）：该理论强调可观察的行为是心理学研究的合适对象。

8、Cognitive Behavioral Therapy（认知行为疗法）：一种心理治疗方法，帮助个体识别和改变其消极的思维模式和行为习惯。

9、Psychodynamic Theory（精神分析理论）：一种心理学的理论框架，强调潜意识和动机在人类行为中的决定作用。

10、Social Learning Theory（社会学习理论）：该理论强调观察和模仿他人行为以获得新的行为模式。

以上仅是心理学专业英语单词的一部分，但通过理解和运用这些词汇，我们可以更好地理解和探索人类心理的奥秘。

电气专业英语单词在电气领域，英语单词的应用是非常重要的。

它不仅是一种语言工具，更是国际交流和知识共享的基础。

以下是一些电气专业英语单词的示例，这些词汇在日常工作中非常常见。

1、Voltage（电压）：在电路中，电压是电位差，它驱动电流流动。

通常用伏特（V）表示。

2、Current（电流）：流动的电荷称为电流。

心理学专业1心理学专业英语What Psychology IsWhy people do the things they do is anage-oldquestion. However, psychology--the science concernedwith behavior, both humans and animals--is only about125 years old. Despite its youth, it is a broad discipline,essentially spanning subject matter from biology tosociology. Biology studies the structures and functions of living organisms. Sociology examines how groupsfunction in society. Psychologists study two criticalrelationships: one between brain function and behavior, and one between the environment and behavior. Asscientists, psychologists follow scientific methods, usingcareful observation, experimentation, and analysis. Butpsychologists also need to be creative in the way theyapply scientific findings. Psychologists are frequently innovators, evolvingnew approaches from established knowledge to meetchanging needs of people and societies. They develop theories and test them through their research. As this researchyields new information, these findings become part of the body of knowledge that practitioners call onin their work with clients and patients. Psychology is atremendously varied field. Psychologists conduct bothbasic and applied research, serve as consultants tocommunities and organizations, diagnose and treatpeople, and teach future psychologists and other types of students. They test intelligence and personality. Theyassess behavioral and mental function and well-being,stepping in to help where appropriate. They study howhuman beings relate to each other and also to machines, and they work to improve these relationships. And with America undergoing large changes in its populationmakeup, psychologists bring important knowledge andskills to understanding diverse cultures.Many psychologists work independently. They also team up with other professionals--for example, otherscientists, physicians, lawyers, school personnel, computer experts, engineers, policy makers, and managers--tocontribute to every area of society. Thus we find them inlaboratories, hospitals, courtrooms, schools and universities, community health centers, prisons, and corporateoffices. Psychologists traditionally study both normal and abnormal functioning, and also treat patients withmental and emotional problems. Today, they areincreasingly concentrating on behaviors that affect the mental and emotional health and mental processes of healthy human beings. For example, they work with business executives, performers, and athletes to combat stress and improve performance. They advise lawyers on jury selection and collaborate with educatorson school reform. They show up immediately following a disaster such as a plane crash or bombing, to help victims and bystanders recover from the trauma,or shock, of the event. They team with law enforcement and public health officials to analyze the causes of such events and prevent their occurrence. Involved in all aspects of our fast-paced world, psychologists must keep up with what's happening all around us. When you're a psychologist, your education never ends. Psychology is a discipline with a bright future. Among fields requiring a college degree, it is expected to be the third fastest-growing field in America through the year 2005 and to continue to grow steadily for at least another dozen years after that.Opportunities for work in psychology are expanding in number and scope. The move toward preventing illness, rather than merely diagnosing and treating it, requires people to learn how to make healthy behavior a routine part of living. Indeed, many of the problems facing society today are problems about behavior, for example, drug addiction, poor personal relationships, violence at home and in the street, and the harm we do to our environment. Psychologists contribute solutions to problems through careful collection of data, analysis of data, and development of intervention strategies--in other words, by applying scientific principles, the hallmark of psychology.In addition, an aging America is leading to more research and practice in adaptingour homes and workplaces for older people. The promises of the electronic revolution demand more user-friendly technologies心理学专业2心理学专业3psychology. These students often possess good research and writing skills, are good problem solvers, and have well-developed, higher-level thinking ability when it comes to analyzing, synthesizing, and evaluating information. Most find jobs in administrative support, public affairs, education, business, sales, service industries, health, the biological sciences, and computer programming. They work as employment counselors, correction counselor trainees, interviewers, personnel analysts, probation officers, and writers.Two-thirds believe their job is closely or somewhat related to their psychology background and that their jobs hold career potential.Psychology majors have many qualities that are attractive to job recruiters. Employers find that psychology graduates possess strong people skills. And psychology majors also value these skills themselves. "Once you learn the principles of human behavior," says a banker with a bachelor's degree in psychology, "they're always at the top of the mind,' ready to be used. You don't have to stumble across them by accident."What Psychologists Do and Where They Do It Psychology is an extraordinarily diverse field with hundreds of career paths. Some specialties, like caring for mentally ill people, are familiar to most of us. Others, like helping with the design of advanced computer systems or studying how we remember things, are less well known.What all psychologists have in common is a shared interest in mind and behavior, both human and animal. In their work, they draw on an ever-expanding body of scientific knowledge about how we think, act, and feel, and apply the information to their special areas of expertise. Among psychologists, researchers spend most of their time generating knowledge; practitioners apply the knowledge; and some psychologists do both.In addition to their particular mix of science and practice, psychologists can be distinguished in terms of where they work. Many psychologists work in more than one setting. For instance, college professors often consult for industry or see clients on apart-time basis. Although it's possible to identify a host of different work settings, for the purpose of this booklet, we'll consider some of the most prominent examples. Getting Ready to Work in PsychologyIf you are interested in a career as a psychologist, you have to complete graduate school with a major in psychology.Take time to research your choices. The program should match your interests. For example, some psychology departments may specialize in a subfield of psychology that appeals to you. In addition, investigate the areas of expertise and research interests of individual faculty members if your career interest lies ina specific type of research.A graduate school's department of psychology is the best source of information about the nature of its program and its admission requirements. Throughout the application process, discuss your plans with your psychology faculty advisor. Apply to a number of programs that offer you a reasonable chance of acceptance. The American Psychological Association has many resources to help you. Contact the APA Education Directorate at 750 First Street, NE, Washington, DC 20002-4242.HIGH SCHOOL PREPARATIONA strong academic high school education is a good beginning for a career in psychology. Courses in science, math, English, history, social studies, and a foreign language are important. Science and math are particularly important because they provide the necessary skills for research and analysis in college psychology courses. Some high schools offer a course in psychology, which can give you a taste of what the field is about. You can also find a volunteer job where psychologists work, or read about psychology in newspapers and magazines to explore the field.BACHELOR'S DEGREEMost four-year colleges and universities require a blend of research and liberal arts courses for a bachelor's degree in psychology. The courses usually include introductory psychology, experimental psychology, and statistics. Other required courses can be in learning, personality, abnormal psychology, social psychology, developmental psychology, physiological or comparative psychology, history and systems, and tests and measurement. Typically, you will be ready to take electives in psychology by the time you心理学专业4are a college junior. It is a good time to make graduate school plans so you can make wise choices about future courses and extracurricular activities during the last two years of college. Know, however, that as long as you've taken some electives in psychology, you don't always need to have a bachelor's in psychology to get into a graduate program in the field.The Value of the Undergraduate Degree Psychology majors, whether or not they have gone on to other careers, cite courses in the principles of human behavior as especially important to life after college. The additional insight gained from these courses into what motivates people to perform at their peak helps them, whether they are functioning as parents at home or managers on the job. Many bachelor's degree holders credit their college psychology courses with teaching them how people, including themselves, learn. "I use information on learning reinforcement every time I conduct a training session for my employees," says a manager in a consumer products company.Above all, it is the rigorous training in the scientific method—the need to do thorough, objective research, analyze data logically, and put forth the findings with clarity—that stands psychology majors in good stead as they pursue their future careers. GRADUATE SCHOOLMost graduate departments require that you take a standard aptitude test, usually the Graduate Record Examination (GRE). Although programs vary in the weight they attach to test scores, successful applicants typically score well above 500 on both the verbal and quantitative portions of the GRE. Determine if your GRE scores will qualify you for consideration by the institution to which you would like to apply. Competition for spaces in graduate school is keen.Master's DegreeUndergraduate course requirements for a terminal master's degree are relatively few: usually, a background in introductory or general psychology, experimental psychology with a laboratory course, and statistics. The university usually takes the undergraduate grade point average (GPA) into account, too.A recent survey of 26 psychology master's programs shows that the most commonly required courses once you are in the master's program are those withindustrial/organizational content, statistics, and research design. Course work at the master's level often also includes study in ethics, assessment, program evaluation, and personality related topics as well.A master's degree in psychology, along with preparation in the natural sciences or mathematics, is increasingly valued by doctoral programs in psychology. Each doctoral program also decides which credits it will accept for transfer. Occasionally, students need to repeat some course work. A few institutions will not accept a master's degree from any school other than their own. Doctoral DegreeEach school determines its own entrance requirements. Some doctoral programs require applicants to have a master's degree in psychology. For others, students can enter the doctoral programs with a bachelor's degree and work their way right through to a doctorate degree.Earning a doctoral degree typically requires at least four years and often takes up to seven years of study after the bachelor's degree. Early in the graduate program, you will probably take course work in the core areas of psychology. You will work with a professor to learn how to do research; you'll also study how psychological research is applied to life situations. Once you have completed all the course work, you must pass a comprehensive exam and write and defend a dissertation.If you want to be a clinical, counseling, or school psychologist, you will also have to complete a one year internship as part of your doctoral study in these areas of practice. You may wish to consider a doctoral program in a professional school rather than at a traditional university. Professional schools place greater emphasis on training students for professional practice and less emphasis on research. Some universities and professional schools offer a PsyD in lieu of the traditional doctoral degree. In choosing applicants, these programs may look for candidates who already have clinical experience or other work experience in applied psychology. Choosing an Accredited SchoolIf you want to be a clinical, counseling or school psychologist it's important to know the accreditation status of the programs to which you are applying. Programs that prepare students for careers in basic and applied心理学专业5research or for basic academic careers are not subject to an accreditation process, but are nonetheless some of the most rigorous schools in the country.There are two kinds of accreditation: institutional and specialized. Institutional accreditation certifies that an institution has met minimum standards of quality. It is granted by one of seven regional accrediting organizations recognized for this purpose by the U.S. Department of Education. Specialized accreditation only applies to professional programs; it means that the program meets the minimal standards of quality as defined by that profession for the practice of psychology. In the field of psychology, specialized accreditation is granted by the American Psychological Association. Historically, this accreditation has applied only to doctoral programs, predoctoral internships and in clinical, counseling, and school psychology. In some states you have to graduate from anAPA-accredited program, predoctoral internship and to be licensed or certified as an independent clinical, counseling psychologist or school psychologist. In addition, some employers demand that candidates for clinical, counseling, and school psychology jobs hold such credentials.For more information about accredited schools and programs, contact the APA Education Directorate at 750 First Street, NE Washington, DC 20002-4242; e-mail: education@.If You Need Financial AidYou may be able to get financial aid to attend both undergraduate and graduate school. Assistance comes in different forms: fellowships, scholarships, grants or subsidies, work study programs, federal loans, and teaching or research assistantships. Graduate assistantships and work study require part time work.Students seeking financial aid for a graduate degree should get advice as early as possible. Consult with both the psychology office and the office of financial aid on your own campus and also with the office of financial aid at the school to which you are applying. Students of ethnic minority background should also contact the APA Minority Fellowship Training Program.Licensure and CertificationTo practice as a clinical, counseling, or social psychologist independently and without supervision anywhere in the United States, you must be licensed or certified. Before granting you permission to take the exam, the state board in charge of licensing or certification will review your educational background. A doctoral degree does not automatically make you eligible; requirements vary from state to state. At a minimum, states require that the doctorate be in psychology or a field of study "primarily psychological in nature" and that it be from a regionally accredited institution. You also must have had at least two years of supervised professional experience.心理学专业名词中英文对照感觉记忆（SM）—sensory memory短期记忆（STM）—short-term M.长期记忆（LTM）—long-term memory复诵---rehearsal预示(激发)----priming童年失忆症---childhoodamnesia视觉编码（表征）---visual code (representation)听觉编码—acoustic code运作记忆---working memory语意性知识—semantic knowledge记忆扫瞄程序—memory scanning procedure 竭尽式扫瞄程序-exhaustive S.P.自我终止式扫瞄—self-terminated S..程序性知识—procedural knowledge命题（陈述）性知识--propositional （declarative）knowledge情节（轶事）性知识—episodic K.讯息处理深度—depth of processing精致化处理—elaboration登录特殊性—coding specificity记忆术—mnemonic位置记忆法—method of loci字钩法—peg word（线）探索（测）(激发)字—prime关键词---key word命题思考----propositional thought心像思考---imaginal thought行动思考---motoric thought概念---concept原型----prototype属性----property特征---feature 范例策略--exemplar strategy 语言相对性（假说）—linguistic relativity th. 音素---phoneme 词素---morpheme (字词的)外延与内涵意义—denotative & connotative meaning （句子的）表层与深层结构—surface & deep structure 语意分析法---semantic differential 全句语言—holophrastic speech 过度延伸---over-extension 电报式语言—telegraphic speech 关键期----critical period 差异减缩法---differencereduction 方法目的分析---means-ends analysis 倒推---working backward 动机---------motive 自由意志------free will 决定论------determinism 本能-----------instinct 种属特有行为-----species specific 驱力----drive 诱因------incentive 驱力减低说---drive reduction th. 恒定状态（作用）—homeostasis 原级与次级动机—primary & secondary M. 功能独立—functional autonomy 下视丘侧部（LH ）—lateral hypothalamus 脂肪细胞说----fat-cell theory. 下视丘腹中部（VMH ）—ventromedial H 定点论---set point th. CCK───胆囊调节激素 第一性征---primary sex characteristic 第二性征---secondary sex characteristic 自我效能期望—self-efficiency expectancy 内在（发）动机—intrinsic motive 外在（衍）动机—extrinsic motive 成就需求---N. achievement 需求层级—hierarchy of needs 自我实现---self actualization 冲突----conflict 多项仪---polygraph 肤电反应----------GSR (认知)评估---(cognitive appraisal) 脸部回馈假说---facial feedback hypothesis (生理)激发----arousal 挫折-攻击假说---frustration-aggression hy. 替代学习----vicarious learning 发展------development 先天-----nature 后天-----nurture 成熟-------maturation(视觉)偏好法-----preferential method 习惯法-----habituation 视觉悬崖-----visual cliff 剥夺或丰富(环境)---deprivation or enrichment of env. 基模----schema 同化----assimilation 调适-----accommodation 平衡----equilibrium 感觉动作期----sensorimotor stage 物体永久性----objective permanence 运思前期----preoperational st. 保留概念----conservation 道德现实主义---moral realism 具体运思期-----concrete operational 形式运思期----formal operational st. 前俗例道德---pre-conventional moral 俗例道德----conventional moral 超俗例道德----post-conventional moral 气质----temperament 依附---attachment性别认定---gender identity 性别配合----sex typing 性蕾期---phallic stage 恋亲冲突—Oedipal conflict 认同-----identification 社会学习----social learning 情结---complex性别恒定----gender constancy 青年期----adolescence 青春期-- -puberty 第二性征---secondary sex characteristics 认同危机---identity crisis 定向统合---identity achievement 早闭型统合---foreclosure 未定型统合---moratorium 迷失型统合---identity diffusion 传承---generativity心理动力------psycho-dynamics心理分析------psychoanalysis 行为论-------behaviorism心理生物观---psycho-biological perspective认知---------cognition临床心理学家-clinical psychologist谘商--------counseling人因工程-------human factor engineering 组织--------organization潜意识---------unconsciousness完形心理学---Gestalt psychology感觉------------sensation知觉--------perception实验法--------experimental method独变项-------independent variable依变项--------dependent V.控制变项------control V.生理------------physiology条件化---------conditioning学习------------learning比较心理学---comparative psy.发展-------------development社会心理学---social psy.人格--------------personality心理计量学—psychometrics受试(者)---------subject实验者预期效应—experimenter expectancy effect双盲法-----double—blind实地实验--------field experiment相关-----------correlation调查-------------survey访谈-----------interview个案研究-------case study观察-----------observation心理测验-------psychological test纹理递变度-----texture gradient注意------------attention物体的组群---grouping of object型态辨识—pattern recognition形象-背景----figure-ground接近律--------proximity相似律--------similarity闭合律-------closure连续律--------continuity对称律-------symmetry错觉-----------illusion幻觉----------delusion恒常性--------constancy大小----------size形状-----------shape 位置---------- ***单眼线索-----monocular cue线性透视----linear- perspective双眼线索-----binocular cue深度---------depth调节作用-----accommodation重迭----superposition双眼融合-----binocular fusion辐辏作用-----convergence双眼像差-----binocular disparity向度 --------- dimension自动效应-----autokineticeffect运动视差----- motion parallax诱发运动---- inducedmotion闪光运动----- stroboscopic motion上下文﹑脉络-context人工智能------artificial intelligence A.I. 脉络关系作用-context effect模板匹配------template matching整合分析法---analysis-by-synthesis丰富性---------redundancy选择性---------selective无意识的推论-unconscious inferences运动后效---motion aftereffect特征侦测器—feature detector激发性---excitatory抑制性----inhibitory几何子---geons由上而下处理—up-down process由下而上处理---bottom-up process连结者模式---connectionist model联结失识症---associative agnosia脸孔辨识困难症---prosopagnosia意识--conscious（ness）意识改变状态---altered states of consciousness无意识----unconsciousness前意识---------preconsciousness内省法---introspection边缘注意---peripheralattention多重人格-----multiple personality午餐排队(鸡尾酒会)效应—lunchline(cocktail party) effect自动化历程----automatic process解离----dissociate解离认同失常----dissociative identity disorder快速眼动睡眠----REM dream非快速眼动睡眠—NREM dream神志清醒的梦----lucid dreaming失眠---insomnia显性与隐性梦---manifest & latern content 心理活动性psychoactive冥想------meditation抗药性---- tolerance戒断----withdrawal 感觉剥夺---sensory deprivation物质滥用----substance abuse成瘾--------physical addiction物质依赖----sub. dependence戒断症状----withdrawal symptom兴奋剂--stimulant幻觉（迷幻）剂----hallucinogen镇定剂---sedative﹐抑制剂—depressant酒精中毒引起谵妄—delirium tremens麻醉剂---narcotic催眠-------hypnosis催眠后暗示----posthypnotic suggestion 催眠后失忆posthypnotic amnesia超心理学---parapsychology超感知觉extrasensory perception ESP心电感应---telepathy超感视---clairvoyance预知---precognition心理动力—psycokinesis PK受纳器-----receptor绝对阈----absolute threshold差异阈----------difference threshold 恰辨差------- -JND韦伯律---------Weber's law心理物理-----psychophysical费雪纳定律---Fechner's law频率-----frequency振幅----------amplitude音频-------pitch基音----------fundamental tone倍音-----overtone和谐音-------harmonic音色------timbre白色噪音----white noise鼓膜-----eardrum耳蜗----------cochlea卵形窗—oval window圆形窗-------round window前庭-----vestibular sacs半规管-------semicircular canals 角膜-------cornea水晶体-------lens虹膜------------iris瞳孔----------pupil网膜---------retina睫状肌-------ciliary muscle调节作用---accommodation脊髓---------spinal cord反射弧--------reflex arc脑干---------brain stem计算机轴性线断层扫描-- CAT 或CTPET---正子放射断层摄影MRI-----磁共振显影延脑----medulla桥脑-----pons小脑----cerebellum网状结构---reticular formationRAS----网状活化系统视丘----thalamus下视丘----hypothalamus大脑----cerebrum脑（下）垂体（腺）—pituitary gland脑半球---cerebral hemisphere皮质---cortex胼胝体----corpus callosum边缘系统------limbic system海马体----hippocampus杏仁核--------amygdala中央沟---central fissure侧沟-----------lateral fissure脑叶------lobe同卵双生子----identical twins异卵双生子—fraternal twins古典制约--classical conditioning操作制约---operant conditioning非制约刺激—(USunconditioned stimulus 非制约反应—(UR)unconditioned R.制约刺激---(CS) conditioned S.制约反应----(CR)conditioned R.习(获)得-----acquisition增强作用------reinforcement消除(弱)------extinction自(发性)然恢复----spontaneous recovery 前行制约—forward conditioning同时制约--simultaneous conditioning回溯制约---backward cond.痕迹制约——trace conditioning延宕制约—delay conditioning(次级)增强物-------(secondary) reinforcer嫌恶刺激---aversive stimulus试误学习---trial and error learning效果率-----law of effect正(负)性增强物—行为塑造—behavior shaping循序渐进-----successive approximation自行塑造—autoshaping部分(连续)增强—partial (continuous)R定比(时)时制—fixed ratio (interval)schedule FR或FI变化比率(时距)时制—variable ratio(interval) scheduleVR或VI逃离反应---escape R.回避反应—avoidance response习得无助----learned helplessness顿悟--------insight学习心向—learning set隐内(潜在)学习---latent learning认知地图---cognitive map生理回馈------biofeedback敏感递减法-systematic desensitization普里迈克原则—Premack's principle洪水法----flooding观察学习----observational learning动物行为学----ethology敏感化—sensitization习惯化---habituation联结---association认知学习----cognitional L.观察学习---observational L.登录﹑编码----encoding保留﹑储存-----retention提取------retrieval回忆----(freerecall全现心像﹑照相式记忆---eidetic imageryphotographic memory .舌尖现象（TOT）—tip of tongue再认---------recognition再学习--------relearning节省分数----savings外显与内隐记忆--explicit &记忆广度---memory span组集—chunk序列位置效应---serial position effect起始效应---primacy effectAlbert BanduraAlgorithm 算法Altered states 警觉期Alzheimer's disease 阿海默茨疾病Amnesia 失忆Antonio DamasioArchetype 原型Association area 相关区域Autonomic nervous 自主神经system 系统Axon 轴突B. F. SkinnerBasic research 基础研究Behavior 行为Behaviorism 行为主义Biological perspective 生物学前景Blind sightBlind spot 盲点Broca's areaCarl JungCase study 病例研究CAT scanCatatonic 紧张症Cell body 胞体Central nervous system 中枢神经系统Cerebellum 小脑Cerebral cortex 大脑皮质Chromosome 染色质Circadian rhythm 昼夜节律Classical conditioning 经典条件反射Cochlea 耳蜗Cognition 认知Cognitive perspectiveColor afterimageConditioned response Conditioned stimulus Consciousness 意识Consent 同意Control groupCorpus callosumCorrelationCritical periodCross section 交叉部分Deductive reasoning 演绎推理Delta sleepDendriteDependent variableDopamineDouble-blind study 双盲研究EEG 心电图Ego 自我Ego-centrism 自我中心主义Elizabeth LoftusEncoding 编码EndorphinsEpilepsy 癫痫Episodic memoryEthics 伦理学Experiment 试验Experimental group 实验组Flashbulb memoryFranz GallFrontal lobe 前页FunctionalismGABAGene 基因Gestalt psychologyHeredity 遗传Heuristic 启发式Hormone 激素Humanistic perspective Hypnogogic sleepHypnosisHypothalamusHypothesis 假设IdIndependent variable Introspection 反省Jean Piaget 吉恩、皮亚杰Just noticeable difference Laboratory observation Lawrence KohlbergLearning perspectiveLearning theoryLimbic systemLongitudinal study 纵向研究LTMMaturation 成熟Medulla 骨髓Memory 记忆Michael GazzanigaMood disorder 情绪障碍MRIMyelinMyoclonic jerkNaturalistic observation 自然观察Neuron 神经元Neurotransmitter 神经递质Occipital lobe 枕叶Olfaction 嗅觉Oliver SacksOperant conditioningPanic attackParietal lobeParkinson蛃diseasePerception 知觉Peripheral nervous system周围神经系统Personality 个性PET scanPheromone 信息素Phineas GagePhobia 恐惧Phoneme 音素PhotoreceptorPhrenologyPlacebo 安慰剂PonsPreconscious 前意识Primary sex characteristics 第一性征Procedural memoryPsychoanalysis 精神分析Psychoanalytic perspective Psychology 心理学Psychopathology 病理心理学RCBfReinforcement 强化REM 快速动眼睡眠周期Response 反应Reticular activating system 网状激活系统Richard RestakSalvador DaliSample 样本Schizophrenia 精神分裂症Secondary sex characteristics 第二性征Sensation 感觉Sensory adaptation 感觉适应区Sensory buffer 感觉缓冲区Separation anxiety 分离焦虑SerotoninShapingSigmund Freud西格蒙德、弗洛伊德Single-blind study 单盲法Social-learning theory 社会学习理论Sociocultural perspectiveSomatic nervous system躯体神经系统Stanley MilgramStimulus 刺激源STMStranger anxiety 陌生焦虑StructuralismSublimation SuperegoSurveySynapse 突触Target populationTemporal lobeTerminal buttonThalamus 视丘Theory 理论Trichromatic color theory Unconditioned response 非条件反射Unconditioned stimulus Unconscious 潜意识VariableVolunteer bias 志愿偏倚Wernicke's areaWilliam James。

The psychoanalytic approach to psychology ORIGINS AND HISTORYThe psychoanalytic approach was started and developed mainly by Sigmund Freud,a Viennese doctor who specialised in neurology. Freud became interested in hysteria-the manifestation of physical symptoms without physical causes-and became convinced that unconscious mental causes were responsible not just for this disorder but for all disorders and even ‘normal’personality. Freud developed techniques for treating the unconscious causes of mental disorders and built up an underlying explanatory theory of how human personality and abnormality develop from childhood.Freud's theory and approach were influenced by the technology of the time (such as the steam engine),and his early work with Charcot,the Parisian hypnotist,and Breuer the pioneer of the cathartic method. Freud's psychoanalytic approach had a great impact on psychology and psychiatry,and was developed in different ways by other psychoanalysts such as 心理分析的研究方法起源与历史心理分析主要是由在神经病学方面颇有造诣的维也纳医生西蒙﹒弗洛伊德创建并发展起来的。

心理学专业相关的英语按照拼音顺序排列的(句子的)表层与深层结构—surface & deep structure(认知)评估---(cognitive appraisal)(生理)激发----arousal(视觉)偏好法-----preferential method(线)探索(测)(激发)字—prime(字词的)外延与内涵意义—denotative & connotative meaning RAS----网状活化系统白色噪音----white noise半规管-------semicircular canals保留概念----conservation倍音-----overtone本能-----------instinct比较心理学---comparative psy.闭合律-------closure边缘系统------limbic system边缘注意---peripheral attention剥夺或丰富(环境)---deprivation or enrichment of env.操作制约---operant conditioning侧沟-----------lateral fissure差异减缩法---difference reduction差异阈----------difference threshold长期记忆(LTM)—long-term memory超感视---clairvoyance超感知觉 extrasensory perception ESP超俗例道德----post-conventional moral超心理学---parapsychology成就需求---N. achievement成熟-------maturation成瘾--------physical addiction程序性知识—procedural knowledge冲突----conflict 多项仪---polygraph传承---generativity词素---morpheme磁共振显影-----MRI催眠-------hypnosis催眠后暗示----posthypnotic suggestion催眠后失忆 posthypnotic amnesia挫折-攻击假说---frustration-aggression hy.错觉-----------illusion大脑----cerebrum大小----------size单眼线索-----monocular cue胆囊调节激素第一性征---primary sex characteristic 倒推---working backward道德现实主义---moral realism登录特殊性—coding specificity第二性征---secondary sex characteristic第二性征---secondary sex characteristics 电报式语言—telegraphic speech调查-------------survey调节作用---accommodation调节作用-----accommodation调适-----accommodation定点论---set point th. CCK———定向统合---identity achievement动机---------motive独变项-------independent variable短期记忆(STM)—short-term M.对称律-------symmetry多重人格-----multiple personality耳蜗----------cochlea发展------development发展-------------development反射弧--------reflex arc范例策略--exemplar strategy方法目的分析---means-ends analysis访谈-----------interview非快速眼动睡眠—NREM dream非制约刺激—(US unconditioned stimulus 非制约反应—(UR)unconditioned R.费雪纳定律---Fechner's law丰富性---------redundancy肤电反应----------GSR辐辏作用-----convergence复诵---rehearsal 预示(激发)----priming 概念---concept感觉------------sensation感觉剥夺---sensory deprivation感觉动作期----sensor motor stage感觉记忆(SM)—sensory memory个案研究-------case study功能独立—functional autonomy古典制约--classical conditioning鼓膜-----eardrum关键词---key word关键期----critical period观察-----------observation过度延伸---over-extension海马体----hippocampus和谐音-------harmonic恒常性--------constancy恒定状态(作用)—homeostasis虹膜------------iris后天-----nurture幻觉(迷幻)剂----hallucinogen幻觉----------delusion基模----schema基音----------fundamental tone激发性---excitatory几何子---geons脊髓---------spinal cord计算机轴性线断层扫描-- CAT 或 CT记忆扫瞄程序—memory scanning procedure记忆术—mnemonic角膜-------cornea接近律--------proximity睫状肌-------ciliary muscle竭尽式扫瞄程序-exhaustive S.P.解离----dissociate解离认同失常----dissociative identity disorder 戒断----withdrawal戒断症状----withdrawal symptom精致化处理—elaboration酒精中毒引起谵妄—delirium tremens具体运思期-----concrete operational决定论------determinism绝对阈----absolute threshold抗药性---- tolerance控制变项------control V.快速眼动睡眠----REM dream连结者模式---connectionist model连续律--------continuity联结失识症---associative agnosia脸部回馈假说---facial feedback hypothesis脸孔辨识困难症---prosopagnosia恋亲冲突—Oedipal conflict临床心理学家-clinical psychologist卵形窗—oval window麻醉剂---narcotic脉络关系作用-context effect迷失型统合---identity diffusion冥想------meditation命题 (陈述) 性知识--propositional (declarative) knowledge 命题思考----propositional thought模板匹配------template matching内省法---introspection内在(发)动机—intrinsic motive脑(下)垂体(腺)—pituitary gland脑半球---cerebral hemisphere脑干---------brain stem脑叶------lobe皮质---cortex胼胝体----corpus callosum频率-----frequency平衡----equilibrium气质----temperament恰辨差------- -JND前俗例道德---pre-conventional moral前庭-----vestibular sacs前意识---------preconsciousness潜意识---------unconsciousness桥脑-----pons青春期-- -puberty青年期----adolescence情节(轶事)性知识—episodic K.情结---complex驱力----drive驱力减低说---drive reduction th.全句语言—holophrastic speech人格--------------personality人工智能------artificial intelligence A.I. 人因工程-------human factor engineering认同-----identification认同危机---identity crisis认知---------cognition闪光运动----- stroboscopic motion上下文、脉络-context社会心理学---social psy.社会学习----social learning深度---------depth生理------------physiology失眠---insomnia实地实验--------field experiment实验法--------experimental method实验者预期效应—experimenter expectancy effect 视觉编码 (表征) ---visual code (representation) 视觉悬崖-----visual cliff视丘----thalamus受纳器-----receptor受试(者)---------subject双盲法-----double—blind双眼融合-----binocular fusion双眼线索-----binocular cue双眼像差-----binocular disparity水晶体-------lens俗例道德----conventional moral特征---feature特征侦测器—feature detector替代学习----vicarious learning条件化---------conditioning听觉编码—acoustic code同化----assimilation同卵双生子----identical twins童年失忆症---childhood amnesia瞳孔----------pupil外在(衍)动机—extrinsic motive完形心理学---Gestalt psychology网膜---------retina网状结构---reticular formation韦伯律---------Weber's law未定型统合---moratorium位置---------- location位置记忆法—method of loci纹理递变度-----texture gradient无意识----unconsciousness无意识的推论-unconscious inferences午餐排队(鸡尾酒会)效应—lunch line(cocktail party) effect 物体的组群---grouping of object物体永久性----objective permanence物质滥用----substance abuse物质依赖----sub. dependence习(获)得-----acquisition习惯法-----habituation下视丘----hypothalamus下视丘侧部(LH)—lateral hypothalamus下视丘腹中部(VMH)—ventromedial H先天-----nature显性与隐性梦---manifest & latern content 线性透视----linear- perspective相关-----------correlation相似律--------similarity向度 --------- dimension小脑----cerebellum心电感应---telepathy心理测验-------psychological test心理动力------psycho-dynamics心理动力—psycokinesis PK心理分析------psychoanalysis心理活动性 psychoactive心理计量学—psychometrics心理生物观---psycho-biological perspective 心理物理-----psychophysical心像思考---imaginal thought兴奋剂--stimulant行动思考---motoric thought行为论-------behaviorism形式运思期----formal operational st.形象-背景----figure-ground形状-----------shape型态辨识—pattern recognition杏仁核--------amygdala性别恒定----gender constancy性别配合----sex typing性别认定---gender identity性蕾期---phallic stage需求层级—hierarchy of needs选择性---------selective学习------------learning讯息处理深度—depth of processing延脑----medulla依变项--------dependent V.依附---attachment异卵双生子—fraternal twins抑制剂--depressant抑制性----inhibitory意识--conscious(ness)意识改变状态---altered states of consciousness 音频-------pitch音色------timbre音素---phoneme由上而下处理—up-down process由下而上处理---bottom-up process诱发运动---- induced motion诱因------incentive语言相对性(假说)—linguistic relativity th. 语意分析法---semantic differential语意性知识—semantic knowledge预知---precognition原级与次级动机—primary & secondary M.原型----prototype圆形窗-------round window运动后效---motion aftereffect运动视差----- motion parallax运思前期----preoperational st.运作记忆---working memory早闭型统合---foreclosure增强作用------reinforcement振幅----------amplitude镇定剂---sedative，整合分析法---analysis-by-synthesis正子放射断层摄影---PET知觉--------perception脂肪细胞说----fat-cell theory.制约刺激---(CS) conditioned S.制约反应----(CR)conditioned R.中央沟---central fissure种属特有行为-----species specific重迭----superposition属性----property注意------------attention谘商--------counseling字钩法—peg word自动化历程----automatic process自动效应-----autokinetic effect自我实现---self actualization自我效能期望—self-efficiency expectancy 自我终止式扫瞄—self-terminated S. .自由意志------free will组织--------organization。