MRI-Statement

空间鼠标实时互动成像(选件)改变鼠标操作您可以同时按压<∗>键和功能键<1>ñ<8>来改变使用Magellan/空间鼠标的操作。

空间鼠标实时互动成像(选件)章C.5腹部成像腹部成像中存在的生理运动伪影可能影响或防止磁共振图像的解释。

下面我们将提供您很多抑制这些伪影的方法：目录❏呼吸触发的检查❏多次屏气的检查❏有2-D PACE的多次屏气的检查❏导航门控: 正常呼吸过程中的数据采集呼吸触发腹部成像呼吸触发的检查呼吸触发技术用于减少由于呼吸运动引起的伪影。

吸气时呼吸信号上升，呼气时下降。

它用于生成取决于所选的呼吸相的触发信号。

为了最小化运动伪影，典型地在呼气过程中选择采集窗。

设置采集窗呼吸信号显示在生理参数卡上并简化了采集窗的设置。

它的时间基于病人的平均呼吸时期。

它应该包含呼吸平均周期的三分之一和一半之间。

选择尽可能大的采集窗来减少检查时间。

但是，为了减少运动伪影，将采集限制到运动较少的呼气相。

呼吸期呼气相过程中的采集窗腹部成像 呼吸触发生理显示您可以使用生理显示来监控呼吸信号和检查过程中的检查间隔。

进行检查使用梯度回波序列gre , 您可以进行呼吸触发的T 1加权检查。

基本原理显示在下列图形中。

尽管已经触发，为了保证T 1加权,两个采集窗间的检查继续进行，但不采集附加数据。

使用数据采集的检查没有数据采集的检查数据采集的检查数目相当于生理卡上的部分数目。

触发触发触发呼吸信号采集窗序列呼吸触发腹部成像采集窗的持续时间建立采集窗是减少检查时间（大的采集窗）和对于运动伪影的最低可能敏感性（小的采集窗）间的权衡。

对于一个指定的采集窗，系统自动选择最大部分数来保持检查时间尽可能短。

饱和如果您想使用饱和脉冲，选择快速饱和模式。

检查时间缩短。

平均的数目如果您使用多次平均，选择平均模式长期，因为这将进一步抑制运动伪影。

腹部成像多次屏气的检查多次屏气的检查为了完全覆盖感兴趣的解剖结构，腹部屏气检查经常要求几个屏气间隔。

1、抗生素医嘱[Antibiotic order]·Prophylaxis [预防性用药] Duration of oder[用药时间] 24hr Procedure[操作，手术]·Empiric theraphy [经验性治疗]Suspected site and organism[怀疑感染的部位和致病菌] 72hr Cultures ordered[是否做培养]·Documented infection[明确感染]Site and organism[部位和致病菌] 5days·Other[其他]Explanation required [解释理由] 24hr·Antibiotic allergies[何种抗生素过敏]No known allergy [无已知的过敏]·Drug+dose+Route+frequency[药名+剂量+途径+次数]2、医嘱首页[Admission / transfer]·Admit / transfer to [收入或转入]·Resident [住院医师] Attending[主治医师]·Condition [病情]·Diagnosis[诊断]·Diet [饮食]·Acitivity [活动]·Vital signs[测生命体征]·I / O [记进出量]·Allergies[过敏]3、住院病历[case history]·Identification [病人一般情况]Name[性名]Sex[性别]Age [年龄]Marriage[婚姻]Person to notify and phone No.[联系人及电话] Race[民族]I.D.No.[身份证]Admission date[入院日期]Source of history[病史提供者]Reliability of history[可靠程度]Medical record No[病历号]Business phone No.[工作单位电话]Home address and phone No.[家庭住地及电话] ·Chief complaint[主诉]·History of present illness[现病史]·Past History[过去史]Surgical[外科]Medical[内科]Medications[用药]Allergies[过敏史]Social History[社会史]Habits[个人习惯]Smoking[吸烟]Family History[家族史]Ob/Gyn History[ 婚姻/生育史]Alcohol use[喝酒]·Review of Aystems[系统回顾]General[概况]Eyes,Ears,Nose and throat[五官] Pulmonary[呼吸]Cardiovascular[心血管]GI[消化]GU[生殖、泌尿系统]Musculoskeletal[肌肉骨骼]Neurology[神经系统]Endocrinology[内分泌系统]Lymphatic/Hematologic[淋巴系统/血液系统] ·Physical Exam[体检]Vital Signs[生命体征]P[脉博]Bp[血压]R[呼吸]T[温度]Height[身高]Weight[体重]General[概况]HEENT[五官]Neck[颈部]Back/Chest[背部/胸部]Breast[乳房]Heart[心脏]Heart rate[心率]Heart rhythm[心律]Heart Border[心界]Murmur[杂音]Abdomen[腹部]Liver[肝]Spleen[脾]Rectal[直肠]Genitalia[生殖系统]Extremities[四肢]Neurology[神经系统]cranial nerves[颅神经]sensation[感觉]Motor[运动]*Special P.E. on diseased organ system[专科情况]*Radiographic Findings[放射]*Laboratory Findings[化验]*Assessment[初步诊断与诊断依据]*Summary[病史小结]*Treatment Plan[治疗计划]4、输血申请单[Blood bank requisition form](1)reason for infusion[输血原因]▲红细胞[packed red cells, wshed RBCs]:*Hb<8.5 [血色素<8.5]*>20% blood volume lost [>20%血容量丢失]*cardio-pulmonary bypass with anticipated Hb <8[心肺分流术伴预计血色素<8]*chemotherapy or surgery with Hb <10[血色素<10的化疗或手术者]▲全血[whole blood]:massive on-going blood loss[大量出血]▲血小板[platelets]:*massive blood transfusion >10 units[输血10单位以上者]*platelet count <50×103/μl with active bleeding or surgery[血小板<5万伴活动性出血或手术者]*Cardio-pulmonary bypass uith pl<100×103/μl with octive bleeding[心肺分流术伴血小板<10万，活动性出血者]*Platelet count <20×103/μl[血板<2万]▲新鲜冰冻血浆[fresh frozen plasma]:*documented abnormal PT or PTT with bleeding or Surgery[PT、PTT异常的出血或手术病人]*specific clotting factor deficiencies with bleeding/surgerg[特殊凝血因子缺乏的出血/手术者]*blood transfusion >15units[输血>15个单位]*warfarin or antifibrinolytic therapy with bleeding[华法令或溶栓治疗后出血]*DIC[血管内弥漫性凝血]*Antithrombin III dficiency[凝血酶III 缺乏](2)输血要求[request for blood components]*patient blood group[血型]*Has the patient had transfusion or pregnancy in the past 3 months? [近3个月，病人是否输过血或怀孕过？]*Type and crossmatch[血型和血交叉]*Units or ml[单位或毫升]5、出院小结[discharge summary]Patient Name[病人姓名]Medical Record No.[病历号]Attending Physician[主治医生]Date of Admission[入院日期]Date of Discharge[出院日期]Pirncipal Diagnosis[主要诊断]Secondary Diagnosis[次要诊断]Complications[并发症]Operation[手术名称]Reason for Admission[入院理由]Physical Findings[阳性体征]Lab/X-ray Findings[化验及放射报告]Hospital Course[住院诊治经过]Condition[出院状况]Disposition[出院去向]Medications[出院用药]Prognosis[预后]Special Instruction to the Patient(diet, physical activity)[出院指导（饮食，活动量）]Follow-up Care[随随访]6、住院/出院病历首页[Admission/discharge record]·Patient name[病人姓名]·race[种族]·address[地址]·religion[宗教]·medical service[科别]·admit (discharge) date[入院（出院）日期]·Length of stay [住院天数]·guarantor name [担保人姓名]·next of kin or person to notify[需通知的亲属姓名]·relation to patient[与病人关系]·previous admit date[上次住院日期]·admitting physician [入院医生]·attending phgsician[主治医生]·admitting diagnosis[入院诊断]·final (principal) diagnosis[最终（主要）诊断]·secondary diagnosis[次要诊断]·adverse reactions (complications)[副作用（合并症）]·incision type[切口类型]·healing course[愈合等级]·operative (non-operative) procedures[手术（非手术）操作]·nosocomial infection[院内感染]·consutants[会诊]·Critical-No. of times[抢救次数]·recovered-No. of times[成功次数]·Diagnosis qualitative analysis[诊断质量]OP.adm.and discharge Dx concur [门诊入院与出院诊断符合率]Clinical and pathological Dx concur[临床与病理诊断符合率]Pre- and post-operative Dx concur [术前术后诊断符合率]·Dx determined with in 24 hours (3 days) after admission[入院后24小时（3 天）内确诊]·Discharge status[出院状况]recovered[治愈]improved[好转]not improved[未愈]died [死亡]·Dispositon[去向]home[家]against medical ad[自动出院]autosy[尸检]transferred to[转院到]医学英语常用前后缀医学英语常用前后缀·a-[无，缺] ▲anemia[贫血] atonia[无张力] asymptomatic[无症状的] amenorrhea[闭经] ·ab-[分离] abduct [外展] abscision[切除] ·acou (acu)-[听觉] acum eter [听力计] acouophone[助听器] ·acro-[肢端] acromegaly[肢端肥大症] acromastitis [乳头炎] ·ad (af, an)-[邻近，向上] adrenal [肾上腺] adaxial[近轴的] annexa[附件] ·-a d[……侧] ventrad[向腹侧] cephalad[向头侧] ·adeno-[腺] adenocyte[腺细胞] adenoidis m[腺体病] ·adipo-[脂肪] adiposis[肥胖症] adiponecrosis[脂肪坏死] ·adreno-[肾上腺] a drenocorticoid[肾上腺皮质激素] adrenalin[肾上腺素] adrenal[肾上腺] ·-aemia(emia)[血症] bacteremia[菌血症] leukemia[白血病] ·-albi (albino)-[白色] albumin[白蛋白] albinis m[白化病] ·-algesia[痛觉] ▲hypoalgesia[痛觉减退] ·-algia[痛] ▲arthralgia[关节痛] ▲c ephalgia[头痛] ▲neuralgia[神经痛] ·alkali-[碱] ▲alkalosis[碱中毒] ·alveo-[牙槽，小沟] ▲alveolitis[牙槽炎] ▲alveobronchiolitis[支气管肺泡炎] ·ambi-[复，双] ambiopia[复视] ambivert[双重性格] ·ambly-[弱] ▲amblyopia[弱视] ▲amblyaphia[触觉迟钝] ·amylo-[淀粉] ▲amyloidosis[淀粉酶] ▲amylase[淀粉酶] ·angio-[血管] ▲angiography[血管造影术]▲angioedema[血管性水肿] ▲angeitis[脉管炎] ▲angiofibroma[血管纤维瘤] ·ante-[前]▲antenatal[出生前的] ▲anteflexion[前屈] ·antero-[前] ▲anterolateral[前侧壁] ▲ant eroventral[前腹侧] ·anti-[抗，反] ▲antibiotics[抗生素] ▲antihypertensives[降压药] ▲a nticoagulant[抗凝剂] ·rarchno-[蛛网膜] ▲arachnoiditis[蛛网膜炎] ·archo-[肛门，直肠] ▲archorrhagia[肛门出血] ▲archosyrinx[直肠灌注器] ·arterio-[动脉] ▲arteriospasm[动脉痉挛] ▲arteriosclerosis[动脉硬化] ·arthro-[关节] ▲arthrocentesis[关节穿刺] ▲arthro tomy[关节切开术] ▲arthritis[关节炎] ·-ase[酶] ▲oxidase[氧化酶] ▲proteinase[蛋白酶]·-asthenia[无力] ▲myasthenia[肌无力] ▲neurasthenia[神经衰弱] ·audio(audito)-[听力]▲audiology[听觉学] ▲audiometer[听力计] ·auto-[自己] ▲autoimmune[自身免疫] ▲a uto hemotherapy[自体血疗法] ·bacilli-[杆菌] ▲bacillosis[杆菌病] ▲bacilluria[杆菌尿]·bacterio-[细菌] ▲bacteriology[细菌学] ▲bactericide[杀菌剂] ·baro-[压力] ▲baromet er [压力计] ▲baroreceptor[压力感受器] ·bary-[迟钝] ▲barylalia[言语不清] ▲baryacusi a[听觉迟钝] ·bi-[双] ▲bicuspid[二尖瓣]] ▲bilateral[两侧的] ·bili-[胆汁] ▲bilirubin[胆红素] ·bio-[生命] ▲biology[生物学] ▲biopsy[活检] ·-blast[母细胞] ▲spermatoblast[精子细胞] ▲melanoblast[成黑色素细胞] ▲osteoblast[成骨细胞] ·brachy-[短] ▲brachypn ea[气短] ▲brachydactylia[短指畸形] ·brady-[迟缓] ▲bradycardia[心动过缓] ▲bradyps ychia[精神不振] ·broncho-[支气管] ▲bronchoscopy[支气管镜检查] ▲bronchiostenosis [支气管痉挛] ▲bronchitis[支气管炎] ·bronchiolo-[细支气管] ▲bronchiolectasis[细支气管扩张] ·calci-[钙] ▲calcification[钙化] ▲calcicosilicosis[钙沉着症] ·carbo-[碳] ▲carbo hydrate[碳水化合物] ▲carbohaemia[碳酸血症] ·carcino-[癌] ▲carcinogen[致癌物] ·car dio-[心，贲门] ▲cardiotonics[强心剂] ▲cardioplasty[贲门成形术] ·-cele[疝，肿物] ▲o mphalocele[脐疝] ▲hysterocele[子宫脱垂] ▲ophthalmocele[眼球突出] ·celio-[腹] ▲cel ialgia[腹痛] ▲celioscopy[腹腔镜检查] ·-centesis[穿刺] ▲arthrocentesis[关节穿刺术] ▲abdominocentesis[腹穿] 3 回复：医学英语常用前后缀·cephalo-[头] ▲cephaloxia[斜颈] ▲cephalopathy[头部疾病] ▲cephalotomy[穿颅术] ·cerebello-[小脑] ▲cerebellitis[小脑炎] ▲cerebellum[小脑] ·cerebro-[大脑] ▲cerebritis[大脑炎] ▲cerebrology[脑学] ·che mo-[化学] ▲chemotherapy[化疗] ·chloro-[绿，氯] ▲chloroform[氯仿] ▲chloromycetin [氯霉素] ▲chlorophyll[叶绿素] ·cholangio-[胆道] ▲cholangitis[胆管炎] ▲cholangiectasi s[胆管扩张] ·cholo-[胆] ▲cholagogue[利胆剂] ▲cholelithiasis[胆石症] ▲cholecystitis [胆囊炎] ▲cholesterol[胆固醇] ·chondro-[软骨] ▲chondrosarcoma[软骨肉瘤] ▲chondr ification[骨软化] ·chromo-[色素] ▲cytochrome[细胞色素] ▲chromosome[染色体] ·-cid e[杀……剂] ▲germicide[杀菌剂] ▲aborticide[堕胎药] ·circum-[周围] ▲circumoral[口周的] ▲circumcision[包皮环切术] ·coagulo-[凝固] ▲coagulant[凝血剂] ·colo-[结肠] ▲col otomy[结肠切开术] ▲coloptosis[结肠下垂] ·colpo (coleo)-[阴道] ▲coleospastia[阴道痉挛] ▲colposcope[阴道镜] ·contra-[反，逆] ▲contraindication[禁忌证] ▲contraceptive [避孕药] ·counter-[反，逆] ▲counteragent[拮抗剂] ▲conuterpoison[解毒剂] ·cranio-[颅]▲craniomalacia[颅骨软化] ▲cranioclasis[碎颅术] ·-cyst-[囊] ▲cystomy[膀胱切开术] ▲dacryocyst[泪囊] ·-cyte-[细胞] ▲lymphocyte[淋巴细胞] ▲cytolysis[细胞溶解] ·de-[除去] ▲detoxication[解毒] ·dento[牙] ▲dentistry[牙科学] ▲dentalgia[牙痛] ·-derm-[皮肤] ▲epiderm[表皮] ▲dermatology[皮肤病学] ▲dermoplasty[皮肤成形术] ·dextro-[右]▲dextrocardia[右位心] ▲dexiotropic[右旋的] ·dis-[分离] ▲discission[分离术] ▲disinf ection[消毒法] ·duodeno-[十二指肠] ▲duodenitis[十二指肠炎] ▲duodenostomy[十二指肠造口术] ·-dynia[痛] ▲acrodynia[肢体痛] ▲urethrodynia[尿道痛] ·dys-[异常] ▲dysfu nction[功能不良] ▲dyshormonism[内分泌障碍] ▲dysuria[排尿困难] ·-ectasis[扩张] ▲g astroectasis[胃扩张] ▲aerenterectasia[肠胀气] ▲bronchiectasia[支气管扩张] ·-ectomy [切除术] ▲appendectomy[阑尾切除术] ▲lipectomy[脂肪切除术] ·-edema[水肿] ▲ence phaledema[脑水肿] ▲myxedema[粘液性水肿] ·-emesia[呕] ▲hematemesia[呕血] ▲he lminthemesia[吐虫] ·encephalo-[脑] ▲encephaloma[脑瘤] ▲encephaledema[脑水肿]·endo-[内] ▲endocarditis[心内膜炎] ▲endoscope[内窥镜] ·entero-[肠] ▲enteritis[肠炎] ▲enterovirus[肠病毒] ·epi-[上，外] ▲epigastrium[上腹部] ·erythro-[红] ▲erythro mycin[红霉素] ▲erythroderma[红皮病] ·esophago-[食管] ▲esophagoscope[食管镜] ▲esophagitis[食管炎] ·extra-[……外] ▲extracellular[细胞外的] ▲extrasystole[额外收缩]·facio-[面] ▲facioplegia[面瘫] ▲facioplasty[面部成形术] ·-fast[耐] ▲acid-fast[抗酸的]▲uviofast[耐紫外线] ·febri-[热] ▲febricula[低热] ▲febrifacient[致热的] ·feti-[胎儿]▲feticulture[妊娠期卫生] ▲fetometry[胎儿测量法] ·fibro-[纤维] ▲fibroblast[成纤维细胞] ▲fibrosis[纤维化] ·fore-[前] ▲forebrain[前脑] ▲forehead[前额] ·-form[形状] ▲ov iform[卵形的] ▲granuliform[颗粒状的] ·fungi-[真菌，霉菌] ▲fungicide[杀真菌剂] ▲fun gistasis[制霉菌作用] ·gastro-[胃] ▲gastroptosis[胃下垂] ▲gastroenteritis[胃肠炎] ▲ga stroscopy[胃镜检查] ▲gastratrophy[胃萎缩] ·-gen [原，剂] ▲glycogen[糖原] ▲pathog en[病原体] ▲androgen[雄激素] ▲Estrogen[雌激素] ·-genic[……性] ▲cardiogenic[心源性的] ▲allergenic[变应反应] ·giganto-[巨大] ▲gigantocyte[巨红细胞] ▲gigantism[巨大症] ·gingivo-[牙龈] ▲gingivitis[牙龈炎] ▲gingivostomatitis[牙龈口腔炎] ·glosso-[舌]▲glossoplegia[舌瘫痪] ·gluco-[糖] ▲glucoprotein[糖蛋白] ▲glucocorticoid[糖皮质激素] ·glyco-[糖] ▲glycogen[糖原] ▲glycouria[糖尿] ·-grade[级，度] ▲centigrade[摄氏温度计] ▲retrograde[逆行性] ·-gram[克，图] ▲microgram[微克] ▲electroencephalogram [脑电图] ·-graph(y)[……仪（法）] ▲electrocardiogram[心电图] ▲bronchography[支气管造影术] ·gyneco-[妇女] ▲gynecology[妇科学] ▲gynecopathy[妇科病] ·hemo(hemato)-[血] ▲hemoglobin[血红蛋白] ▲4 回复：医学英语常用前后缀hematoma[血肿] ·hemi-[半] ▲hemiplegia[偏瘫] ▲hemicrania[偏头病] ·hepato-[肝] ▲hepatitis[肝炎] ▲hepato cirrhosis[肝硬化] ▲hepatosplenomegaly[肝脾肿大] ·hidro-[汗] ▲hyperhidrosis[多汗症]▲anhidrosis[无汗症] ·histo-[组织] ▲histology[组织学] ▲histomorphology[组织形态学]·holo-[全] ▲holonarcosis[全麻] ▲holoenzyme[全酶] ·homo-[同] ▲homotype[同型]▲homologue[同系物] ▲homoplasty[同种移植术] ·hydro-[水] ▲hydropericardium[心包积水] ▲hydrolysis [水解] ·hypr-[高] ▲hypercalcemia[高钙血症] ▲hyperthyroidism[甲亢] ·hypno-[睡眼] ▲hypnotics[安眠药] ▲hypnotherapy[催眠疗法] ·hypo-[低] ▲hypote nsion[低血压] ▲hypoglycemia[低血糖] ·hystero-[子宫] ▲hysterospasm[子宫痉挛] ▲hy steroptosis[子宫下垂] ·-ia[病] ▲melancholia[忧郁症] ▲pyrexia[发热] ·-iatrics[医学] ▲pediatrics[儿科学] ▲geriatrics[老年病学] ·-iatry[医学] ▲psychiatry[精神病学] ▲pediatr y[儿科学] ·immuno-[免疫] ▲immunoglobulin[免疫球蛋白] ▲immunotherapy[免疫疗法]·infra-[下] ▲infraorbital[眶下的] ▲infrared[红外线] ·inter-[间] ▲intervertebral[椎间的]▲intercellular[细胞间的] ·intra-[内] ▲intravenous[静脉内的] ▲intracranial[颅内的] ▲intramuscular[肌肉内的] ·-ist[家] ▲pathologist[病理学家] ▲anatomist[解剖学家] ·-itis [炎症] ▲cellulitis[蜂窝织炎] ▲myocarditis[心肌炎] ·leuco (leuko)-[白] ▲leucorrhea[白带] ▲leukocytosis[白细胞增多] ▲leukemia[白血病] ·lipo-(脂) ▲lipotrophy[脂肪增多]▲lipase[脂酶] ·-lith[结石] ▲cholelith[胆结石] ▲cholelithiasis[胆石症] ·-logy[学] ▲ter minology[术语学] ▲Cardiology[心脏病学] ·lumbo-[腰] ▲lumbosacral[腰骶部的] ▲lumb ago[腰背痛] ▲lumbodynia[腰痛] ·lympho-[淋巴] ▲lymphedema[淋巴水肿] ▲lymphocy topenia[淋巴细胞减少] ·-lysis(lytic)[松解，分解了] ▲aythrolysis[关节松解术] ▲spasmol ytic[解痉的] ·macro-[大] ▲macrophage[巨噬细胞] ▲macromolecule[大分子] ·mal-[不良] ▲malnutrition[营养不良] ▲malfunction[功能不全] ·-megaly[巨大] ▲cardiomegaly [心扩大] ▲cephalomegaly[巨头畸形] ·meningo-[脑膜] ▲meningitis[脑膜炎] ▲meningo cephalitis[脑膜脑炎] ·meno-[月经] ▲dysmenorrhea[痛经] ▲menopause[停经] ·-meter [表，计] ▲spirometer[肺活量计] ▲pyrometer[高温表] ·-metry[测量法] ▲iodometry[碘定量法] ·micro-[小] ▲micropump[微泵] ▲microliter[微升] ·mono-[单-] ▲mononucleos is[单核细胞增多] ▲monomer[单体] ·multi-[多] ▲multinuclear[多核的] ▲multipara[经产妇] ·myelo-[髓] ▲myelocele[脊髓膨出] ▲myelocyte[髓细胞] ·myo-[肌] ▲myocarditis[心肌炎] ▲myofibroma[肌纤维瘤] ·naso-[鼻] ▲nasoscope[鼻镜] ▲nasitis[鼻炎] ·neo-[新] ▲neoplasm[瘤] ▲neomycin[新霉素] ·nephro-[肾] ▲nephropathy[肾病] ▲nephro sclerosis[肾硬变] ·neuro-[神经] ▲neuroma[神经瘤] ▲neurodermatitis[神经性皮炎] ·no n-[非] ▲non-electrolyte[非电解质] ▲nonfetal[非致命的] ·nulli-[无] ▲nullipara[未产妇]▲nulligravida[未孕妇] ·nutri-[营养] ▲nutrition[营养] ▲nutrology[营养学] ·oculo-[眼] ▲oculist[眼科医生] ▲oculus dexter[右眼] ▲oculus sinister[左眼] 5 回复：医学英语常用前后缀·oligo-[少] ▲oligophrenia[智力发育不全] ▲oliguria[少尿] ·-oma[肿瘤] ▲ade noma[腺瘤] ▲osteoma[骨瘤] ·onco-[肿瘤] ▲oncology[肿瘤学] ▲oncogene[癌基因] ·o phthalmo-[眼] ▲ophthalmocele[眼球突出] ▲ophthalmoplegia[眼肌麻痹] ·-osis[病] ▲ci rrhosis[肝硬化] ▲mycosis[霉菌病] ·osteo-[骨] ▲osteomalacia[骨软化] ▲osteoarthritis [骨关节炎] ·oto-[耳] ▲otolith[耳石] ▲otoplasty[耳成形术] ▲otopyosis[耳化脓] ·pan-[全] ▲panimmunity[多种免疫] ▲pantalgia[全身痛] ▲pantatrophia[全身营养不良] ·-par a[产妇] ▲primipara[初产妇] ▲nullipara[未产妇] ·-pathy[病] ▲dermatopathy[皮肤病] ▲Cardiomyopathy[心肌病] ·pedia-[儿童] ▲pediatrician[儿科医师] ▲pediatrics[儿科学]·-penia[减少] ▲leucopenia[白细胞减少] ▲thrombopenia[血小板减少] ·per-[经] ▲perc utaneous[经皮肤的] ·peri-[周围] ▲pericarditis[心包炎] ▲perianal[肛周的] ·pharmaco-[药] ▲pharmacokinetics[药代动力学] ▲physicochemistry[药典] ·physio-[物理▲physiot heraphy[理疗] ▲physicochemistry[物理化学] ·-plasty[成形术] ▲angioplasty[血管成形术] ▲homoplasty[同种移植] ▲gastroplasty[胃成形术] ·-plegia[瘫] ▲paraplegia[截瘫] ▲hemiplegia[偏瘫] ·pleuro-[胸膜] ▲pleuritis[胸膜炎] ▲pleurocentesis[胸腔穿刺术] ·-p nea[呼吸] ▲orthopnea[端坐呼吸] ▲tachypnea[呼吸急促] ·pneumo-[气，肺] ▲pneumo thorax[气胸] ▲pneumococcus[肺炎球菌] ·poly-[多] ▲polyuria[多尿] ▲polycholia[胆汗过多] ·post-[后] ▲postpartum[产后] ▲postoperation[术后] ·pre-[前] ▲premenopause [绝经前期] ▲premature[早搏] ▲preload[前负荷] ·pseudo-[假] ▲psudohypertrophy[假性肥大] ▲psudomembranous[假膜的] ·psycho-[精神，心理] ▲psychology[心理学] ▲ps ychiatry[精神病学] ·-ptosis[下垂] ▲nephroptosis[肾下垂] ▲hysteroptosis[子宫下垂] ·-p tysis[咯] ▲pyoptysis[咯脓] ▲hemoptysis[咯血] ·pyo-[脓] ▲pyorrhea[溢脓] ▲pyosis [化脓] ·radio-[放射] ▲radiotherapy[放疗] ▲radiology[放射学] ·recto-[直肠] ▲rectitis [直肠炎] ▲rectectomy[直肠切除术] ·retino-[视网膜] ▲retinitis[视网膜炎] ▲retinodialys is[视网膜分离] ·rhino-[鼻] ▲rhinitis[鼻炎] ▲rhinorrhea[鼻漏] ·-rrhagia[出血] ▲gastorr hagia[胃出血] ▲hemorrhage[出血] ▲pneumorrhagia[肺出血] ·-rrhaphy[缝合术] ▲neu rorrhaphy[神经缝合术] ▲Vasorrhaphy[输卵管缝合术] ·-rrhea[流出] ▲diarrhea[腹泻] ▲menorrhea[月经] ·schisto-[裂] ▲schistosomiasis[血吸虫病] ▲schistoglossia[舌裂] ·scirr ho-[硬] ▲scirrhosarca[硬皮病] ▲scirrhoma[硬癌] ·sclero-[硬] ▲scleroderma[硬皮病] ▲sclerometer[硬度计] ·-scope(y)[镜，检查] ▲stethoscope[听诊器] ▲otoscope[耳镜] ▲proctoscopy[直肠镜检查法] ·semi-[半] ▲semicoma[半昏迷] ▲semiliquid[半流汁] ·sp ondylo-[脊椎] ▲spondylopathy[脊椎病] ▲spondylitis[脊椎炎] ·-stomy[造口术] ▲colost omy[结肠造口术] ▲ilecolostomy[回结肠吻合术] ·sub-[下，亚] ▲subacute[亚急性] ▲su babdominal[下腹部的] ·super-[在…上] ▲superficial[浅的] ▲superoxide[超氧化物] ·sup ra-[上] ▲supraventricular[室上性的] ▲suprarenalism[肾上腺机能亢进] ·tachy-[快] ▲ta chycardia[心动过速] ▲tachypnea[呼吸急促] ·-therapy[治疗] ▲massotherapy[按摩治疗]▲pharmacotherapy[药物治疗] ·thermo-[热] ▲thermometer[温度计] ▲thermatology [热疗学] ·thrombo-[血栓，血小板] ▲thrombolysis[溶栓] ▲thrombocytopenia[血小板减少症] ▲thrombosis[血] ·-tomy[切开术] ▲tracheotomy[气管切开术] ▲ovariotomy[卵巢切开术] ·tracheo-[气管] ▲tracheoscope[气管镜] ▲tracheorrhagia[气管出血] ·trans-[经，转移] ▲transurethral[经尿道] ▲transfusion[输血] ·-trophy[营养] ▲dystrophy[营养不良] ▲atrophy[萎缩] ·ultra-[超过] ▲ultraviolet[紫外线] ▲ultrasound[超声] ·utero-[子宫] ▲uteroscope[子宫镜] ▲uterotonic[宫缩剂] ·vaso-[血管] ▲vasomotion[血管舒缩] ▲Vasodilator[血管扩张剂] 6 回复：医学英语常用前后缀·cephalo-[头] ▲cephaloxia[斜颈] ▲cephalopathy[头部疾病] ▲cephalotomy[穿颅术] ·cerebello-[小脑] ▲cerebellitis [小脑炎] ▲cerebellum[小脑] ·cerebro-[大脑] ▲cerebritis[大脑炎] ▲cerebrology[脑学]·chemo-[化学] ▲chemotherapy[化疗] ·chloro-[绿，氯] ▲chloroform[氯仿] ▲chloromy cetin[氯霉素] ▲chlorophyll[叶绿素] ·cholangio-[胆道] ▲cholangitis[胆管炎] ▲cholangi ectasis[胆管扩张] ·cholo-[胆] ▲cholagogue[利胆剂] ▲cholelithiasis[胆石症] ▲cholecys titis[胆囊炎] ▲cholesterol[胆固醇] ·chondro-[软骨] ▲chondrosarcoma[软骨肉瘤] ▲cho ndrification[骨软化] ·chromo-[色素] ▲cytochrome[细胞色素] ▲chromosome[染色体] ·-cide[杀……剂] ▲germicide[杀菌剂] ▲aborticide[堕胎药] ·circum-[周围] ▲circumoral [口周的] ▲circumcision[包皮环切术] ·coagulo-[凝固] ▲coagulant[凝血剂] ·colo-[结肠]▲colotomy[结肠切开术] ▲coloptosis[结肠下垂] ·colpo (coleo)-[阴道] ▲coleospastia [阴道痉挛] ▲colposcope[阴道镜] ·contra-[反，逆] ▲contraindication[禁忌证] ▲contrac eptive[避孕药] ·counter-[反，逆] ▲counteragent[拮抗剂] ▲conuterpoison[解毒剂] ·cra nio-[颅] ▲craniomalacia[颅骨软化] ▲cranioclasis[碎颅术] ·-cyst-[囊] ▲cystomy[膀胱切开术] ▲dacryocyst[泪囊] ·-cyte-[细胞] ▲lymphocyte[淋巴细胞] ▲cytolysis[细胞溶解]·de-[除去] ▲detoxication[解毒] ·dento[牙] ▲dentistry[牙科学] ▲dentalgia[牙痛] ·-de rm-[皮肤] ▲epiderm[表皮] ▲dermatology[皮肤病学] ▲dermoplasty[皮肤成形术] ·dext ro-[右] ▲dextrocardia[右位心] ▲dexiotropic[右旋的] ·dis-[分离] ▲discission[分离术] ▲disinfection[消毒法] ·duodeno-[十二指肠] ▲duodenitis[十二指肠炎] ▲duodenostomy [十二指肠造口术] ·-dynia[痛] ▲acrodynia[肢体痛] ▲urethrodynia[尿道痛] ·dys-[异常] ▲dysfunction[功能不良] ▲dyshormonism[内分泌障碍] ▲dysuria[排尿困难] ·-ectasis[扩张] ▲gastroectasis[胃扩张] ▲aerenterectasia[肠胀气] ▲bronchiectasia[支气管扩张] ·-ectomy[切除术] ▲appendectomy[阑尾切除术] ▲lipectomy[脂肪切除术] ·-edema[水肿]▲encephaledema[脑水肿] ▲myxedema[粘液性水肿] ·-emesia[呕] ▲hematemesia[呕血] ▲helminthemesia[吐虫] ·encephalo-[脑] ▲encephaloma[脑瘤] ▲encephaledema [脑水肿] ·endo-[内] ▲endocarditis[心内膜炎] ▲endoscope[内窥镜] ·entero-[肠] ▲ent eritis[肠炎] ▲enterovirus[肠病毒] ·epi-[上，外] ▲epigastrium[上腹部] ·erythro-[红] ▲e rythromycin[红霉素] ▲erythroderma[红皮病] ·esophago-[食管] ▲esophagoscope[食管镜] ▲esophagitis[食管炎] ·extra-[……外] ▲extracellular[细胞外的] ▲extrasystole[额外收缩] ·facio-[面] ▲facioplegia[面瘫] ▲facioplasty[面部成形术] ·-fast[耐] ▲acid-fast[抗酸的] ▲uviofast[耐紫外线] ·febri-[热] ▲febricula[低热] ▲febrifacient[致热的] ·feti-[胎儿] ▲feticulture[妊娠期卫生] ▲fetometry[胎儿测量法] ·fibro-[纤维] ▲fibroblast[成纤维细胞] 7 回复：医学英语常用前后缀▲fibrosis[纤维化] ·fore-[前] ▲forebrain[前脑] ▲forehead[前额] ·-form[形状] ▲oviform[卵形的] ▲granuliform[颗粒状的] ·fungi-[真菌，霉菌] ▲fungicide[杀真菌剂] ▲fungistasis[制霉菌作用] ·gastro-[胃] ▲gastroptosis[胃下垂] ▲gastroenteritis[胃肠炎] ▲gastroscopy[胃镜检查] ▲gastratrophy[胃萎缩] ·-gen [原，剂] ▲glycogen[糖原] ▲pathogen[病原体] ▲androgen[雄激素] ▲Estrogen[雌激素]·-genic[……性] ▲cardiogenic[心源性的] ▲allergenic[变应反应] ·giganto-[巨大] ▲giga ntocyte[巨红细胞] ▲gigantism[巨大症] ·gingivo-[牙龈] ▲gingivitis[牙龈炎] ▲gingivost omatitis[牙龈口腔炎] ·glosso-[舌] ▲glossoplegia[舌瘫痪] ·gluco-[糖] ▲glucoprotein[糖蛋白] ▲glucocorticoid[糖皮质激素] ·glyco-[糖] ▲glycogen[糖原] ▲glycouria[糖尿] ·-gr ade[级，度] ▲centigrade[摄氏温度计] ▲retrograde[逆行性] ·-gram[克，图] ▲microgr am[微克] ▲electroencephalogram[脑电图] ·-graph(y)[……仪（法）] ▲electrocardiogra m[心电图] ▲bronchography[支气管造影术] ·gyneco-[妇女] ▲gynecology[妇科学] ▲gy necopathy[妇科病] ·hemo(hemato)-[血] ▲hemoglobin[血红蛋白] ▲hematoma[血肿]·hemi-[半] ▲hemiplegia[偏瘫] ▲hemicrania[偏头病] ·hepato-[肝] ▲hepatitis[肝炎]▲hepatocirrhosis[肝硬化] ▲hepatosplenomegaly[肝脾肿大] ·hidro-[汗] ▲hyperhidrosis [多汗症] ▲anhidrosis[无汗症] ·histo-[组织] ▲histology[组织学] ▲histomorphology[组织形态学] ·holo-[全] ▲holonarcosis[全麻] ▲holoenzyme[全酶] ·homo-[同] ▲homotyp e[同型] ▲homologue[同系物] ▲homoplasty[同种移植术] ·hydro-[水] ▲hydropericardi um[心包积水] ▲hydrolysis [水解] ·hypr-[高] ▲hypercalcemia[高钙血症] ▲hyperthyroi dism[甲亢] ·hypno-[睡眼] ▲hypnotics[安眠药] ▲hypnotherapy[催眠疗法] ·hypo-[低] ▲hypotension[低血压] ▲hypoglycemia[低血糖] ·hystero-[子宫] ▲hysterospasm[子宫痉挛] ▲hysteroptosis[子宫下垂] ·-ia[病] ▲melancholia[忧郁症] ▲pyrexia[发热] ·-iatric s[医学] ▲pediatrics[儿科学] ▲geriatrics[老年病学] ·-iatry[医学] ▲psychiatry[精神病学]▲pediatry[儿科学] ·immuno-[免疫] ▲immunoglobulin[免疫球蛋白] ▲immunotherapy [免疫疗法] ·infra-[下] ▲infraorbital[眶下的] ▲infrared[红外线] ·inter-[间] ▲interverte bral[椎间的] ▲intercellular[细胞间的] ·intra-[内] ▲intravenous[静脉内的] ▲intracrania l[颅内的] ▲intramuscular[肌肉内的] ·-ist[家] ▲pathologist[病理学家] ▲anatomist[解剖学家] ·-itis[炎症] ▲cellulitis[蜂窝织炎] ▲myocarditis[心肌炎] ·leuco (leuko)-[白] ▲leu corrhea[白带] ▲leukocytosis[白细胞增多] ▲leukemia[白血病] ·lipo-(脂) ▲lipotrophy [脂肪增多] ▲lipase[脂酶] ·-lith[结石] ▲cholelith[胆结石] ▲cholelithiasis[胆石症] ·-log y[学] ▲terminology[术语学] ▲Cardiology[心脏病学] ·lumbo-[腰] ▲lumbosacral[腰骶部的] ▲lumbago[腰背痛] ▲lumbodynia[腰痛] ·lympho-[淋巴] ▲lymphedema[淋巴水肿] ▲lymphocytopenia[淋巴细胞减少] ·-lysis(lytic)[松解，分解了] ▲aythrolysis[关节松解术] ▲spasmolytic[解痉的] ·macro-[大] ▲macrophage[巨噬细胞] ▲macromolecule[大分子]·mal-[不良] ▲malnutrition[营养不良] ▲malfunction[功能不全] ·-megaly[巨大] ▲cardi omegaly[心扩大] ▲cephalomegaly[巨头畸形] ·meningo-[脑膜] ▲meningitis[脑膜炎] ▲meningocephalitis[脑膜脑炎] ·meno-[月经] ▲dysmenorrhea[痛经] ▲menopause[停经]·-meter[表，计] ▲spirometer[肺活量计] ▲pyrometer[高温表] ·-metry[测量法] ▲iodo metry[碘定量法] ·micro-[小] ▲micropump[微泵] ▲microliter[微升] ·mono-[单-] ▲mo nonucleosis[单核细胞增多] ▲monomer[单体] ·multi-[多] ▲multinuclear[多核的] ▲mul tipara[经产妇] ·myelo-[髓] ▲myelocele[脊髓膨出] ▲myelocyte[髓细胞] ·myo-[肌] ▲m yocarditis[心肌炎] ▲myofibroma[肌纤维瘤] ·naso-[鼻] ▲nasoscope[鼻镜] ▲nasitis[鼻炎] ·neo-[新] ▲neoplasm[瘤] ▲neomycin[新霉素] ·nephro-[肾] ▲nephropathy[肾病]▲nephrosclerosis[肾硬变] ·neuro-[神经] ▲neuroma[神经瘤] ▲neurodermatitis[神经性皮炎] ·non-[非] ▲non-electrolyte[非电解质] ▲nonfetal[非致命的] ·nulli-[无] ▲nullipar a[未产妇] ▲nulligravida[未孕妇] ·nutri-[营养] ▲nutrition[营养] ▲nutrology[营养学] ·o culo-[眼] ▲oculist[眼科医生] ▲oculus dexter[右眼] ▲oculus sinister[左眼]医学英语缩写一览表医学英语缩写一览表·aa.-of each[各] ·Ab.-antibody[抗体] ·abd.-abdomen[腹部] ·ABG-arterial blood gas[动脉血气] ·abn.-abnormal[异常] ·ABp-arterial blood pressure[动脉压]·Abs.-absent[无] ·abstr.-abstract[摘要] ·a.c.-before meals[饭前] ·Ach.-actylcholine[乙酰胆碱] ·ACH.-adrenal cortical hormone[肾上腺皮质激素] ·ACT.-active coagulative tim e[活化凝血时间] ·ACTH.-adrenocorticotripic[促肾上腺皮质激素] ·ad.(add.)-adde[加] ·ad effect.-ad effectum [直到有效] ·ADH.-antidiuretic hormone[抗利尿激素] ·ad lib-at lies ure[随意] ·adm.(admin)-adminstration[给药] ·ad us est.-for external use[外用] ·af.-atr ial fibrillation[房颤] ·aF.-atrial flutter[房扑] ·A/G ratio.-albumin-globulin ratio[白-球蛋白比] ·AIDS.-acquired immune deficiency syndrome[爱滋病] ·al.-left ear[左耳] ·alb.-albu min[白蛋白] ·AM.-before noon[上午] ·amb.-ambulance[救护车] ·amp.(ampul)-ampoule [安瓿] ·ANA.-anesthesia[麻醉] ·anal.-analgesic[镇痛药] ·ap.-before dinner[饭前] ·appr. (approx.)-approximately [大约] ·AR.-aortic regurgitation[主闭] ·AS.-aortic stenosis[主狭] ·ASA.-aspirin[阿斯匹林] ·ASD.-atrial septal defect[房缺] ·AST.-aspartate transamin ase[谷草转氨酶] ·atm.(atmos.)-atomsphere[大气压] ·ATS.-antitetanic serum[抗破伤风血清] ·av.-average[平均] ·Ba.-Barium[钡] ·BBT.-basal body temperature[基础体温] ·B CG.-bacille Calmette- Guerin[卡介苗] ·biblio.-biliography[参考文献] ·bid.-twice a day [每日二次] ·b.m.-basal metabolism[基础代谢] ·Bp.-blood pressure[血压] ·bpm-baets p er minute[次/分] ·BS.-blood sugar[血糖] ·BW.-body weight[体重] ·C.- centigrade[摄氏温度计] ·CA.-carcinoma[癌] ·Cal.-cancer[癌] ·Cal. –calorie[卡] ·Cap. –capsule[囊] ·C.B.C-complete blood count[血常规] ·CC.-chief complaint[主诉] ·CC. list.-critical conditio n list[病危通知单] ·CCU.- Coronary care unit[冠心病监护室] ·CD.-caesarean delivered [剖腹产] ·CDC.-calculated date of confinement[预产期] ·CEA.-carcinoembryonic antige n[癌胚抗原] ·CG.-control group[对照组] ·CK.-creatine kinase[肌酸激酶] ·Cl.-centilitre [毫开] ·cm.-centimetre[毫米] ·CNS.-central nervous system[中枢神经系统] ·Co.-compo und[复方] ·contra.-contraindicated[禁忌] ·CT.- computerized tomography[计算机断层扫描] ·C.V-curriculum vitae[简历] ·DBp-diastolic blood pressure[舒张压] ·DD.- differen tial diagnosis[鉴别诊断] ·dept.-department[科] ·diag.-diagonsis[诊断] ·DIC-disseminate intravascular coagulation[弥漫性血管内凝血] ·dl.-deciliter[分升] ·DM.-diabetic mellitus [糖尿病] ·DM.-diastolic murmur[舒张期杂音] ·D.O.A-dead on arrival[到达时已死亡] ·D OB.-date of birth[出生日期] ·Dr.-doctor[医生] ·DIW.-dextrose in water[葡萄糖液] ·D-5 -W,-5% dextrose in water[5%葡萄糖液] ·DU-duodenal ulcer[十二指肠溃疡] ·ECG.(EK G.)- electrocardiograph[心电图] ·ECHO .-echogram[超声] ·EDD.(EDC)-expected date o f delivery (confinement)[预产期] ·ENT. –ears, nose and throat[五官科] ·EMG. –elec tromyogram[肌电图] ·ER. –emergency room[急诊室] ·et al.-and elsewhere[等等] ·et c. –and so forth[等等] ·F.(Fahr.)-Fahrenheit [华氏] ·F- Female[女性] ·F.B.S.- fastingblood sugar[空腹血糖] ·FDP.-fibrinogen degradation products[纤维蛋白原降解产物] ·F FA. –free fatty acid[游离脂肪酸] ·FUO. –fever of unknown origin[不明原因发热] ·F X. –fracture [骨折] ·GH. –growth hormone[生长素] ·GI.- gastrointestinal[消化] ·GIT S. –gastrointestinal therapy system[胃肠治疗系统] ·gtt. –drops[滴] ·GU.- gastric ulc er[胃溃疡] ·Hb. –hemoglobin[血红蛋白] ·HBp.-high blood pressure[高血压] ·HCG. –human choroionic gonadotropic hormone[人绒毛膜促性腺激素] ·HDL.- high density lip oprotein[高密度脂蛋白] ·HR.-heart rate[心率] ·ht.-height[身高] ·HTN.-hypertension[高血压] ·Hx.-history [病历] ·Hypo.-hypodermic injection[皮下注射] ·IABP.-intra –aortic balloon pacing[主动脉内囊反搏] ·I/O.-intake and output [进出量] ·ICU. –intensive ca re unit[重症监护病房] ·ie. –that is [即] ·Ig. –immunoglobulin[免疫球蛋白] ·Im. –i utramuscular[肌内的] ·INH.- inhalation[吸入] ·INH.- isoniazid[异烟肼] ·Inj.- injection [注射] ·Int.- intern[实习生] ·IP.- in-patient[住院病入] ·Iu.- international unit[国防单位]·IV.-intravenously[静脉内] ·J.- joule[焦耳] ·K.U.B- Kidney,ureter and bladder[肾、输尿管和膀胱] ·LBp.-low blood pressure [低血压] ·LC. –laparoscopic cholecystectomy[腹腔镜胆囊切除术] ·LDL.-Low density lipoprotein[低密度脂蛋白] ·Liq. –liquid[液体] ·LM P.- last menstrual period[未次月经] ·LP. –lumbar puncture[腰穿] ·M. –male[男性] ·M CD.-mean corpuscular diameter[平均红细胞直径] ·MCH.-mean corpuscular hemoglobin [平均红细胞血红蛋白量] ·MCHC.-mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration[平均红细胞血红蛋白浓度] ·MCV.-mean corpuscular volume[平均红细胞体积] ·MI.-myocardial inf arction[心梗] ·min.-minute[分] ·mixt。

Dave SignoriSenior Director, Product ManagementNetwork Insight and NetMRISif Baksh Systems EngineerJohn BelamaricSoftware ArchitectCloud and Network AutomationCustomizing NetMRI NetworkChanges with ConfigurationCommand Scripting (CCS)Agenda•Why script and what scripting options are available in NetMRI •CCS Script Sections•Variables•Lists•Triggers•Filters•Operators•Other CCS Commands and Statements•Viewing, Adding, and Running CCS Scripts•Community Site and TABWhy Use Scripting?•Scripts:•Automate changes to infrastructure devices•Ensure consistent changes•Can be scheduled to run at specific times•Can be triggered to respond to specific events•Scripting reduces the risk of errors being made during execution •No fat fingering•No instant mistakes•Other features to consider before you script …•Config Templates•Config Search•RulesScripting Languages Supported •Focus of this tutorial:•CCS (Change Control Scripting)•Is a proprietary, high-level scripting language designed for network admins •Primary goal is to convert device-specific commands into repeatable tasks •Also supported:•Perl:•Is a general purpose, high-level scripting language•It has a large collection of 3rd party libraries and modules•It has powerful pattern matching and text processing featuresCCS SectionsSection MandatoryScript-Filter XAction XAction-FilterAction-Commands XScript-VariablesOutput-TriggersTriggerTrigger-FilterTrigger-VariablesTrigger-TemplateTrigger-CommandsCCS Sections -SampleSection MandatoryScript-Filter XAction XAction-FilterAction-Commands XScript-VariablesOutput-TriggersTriggerTrigger-Filter Trigger-Variables Trigger-Template Trigger-Commands Using these sectionsSample: Reset Password•Reset Password commands can be written as a CCS script as follows: Script-Filter:$Vendor eq "Cisco" and $sysDescr like /IOS/Script-Variables:$username word "User Name"$password password "New Password"# # # # # # # # # ## This is a commentAction:Set IOS User PasswordAction-Commands:config terminalusername $username password 0 $passwordexitwrite memory Prompt user to type in anusername and passwordOnly run on Cisco IOS devicesExecute commandsSample: Reset Password •The mandatory sections are highlighted in Red •The optional sections are highlighted in BlueScript-Filter:$Vendor eq "Cisco" and $sysDescr like /IOS/ Script-Variables:$username word "User Name"$password password "New Password" # # # # # # # # # ## This is a commentAction:Set IOS User PasswordAction-Commands:config terminalusername $username password 0 $passwordexitwrite memory RequiredRequired Required OptionalVariables•Temporary holding place•Declared using a dollar sign ($) e.g. $username•The value can change during the life of the script•Are global in scope. Available in all sections.•Are updated using the SET: directive•Three types of variables:•Script-Variables: prompt the user at runtime•Trigger-Variables: populated from output of a previous section•Well-Known variables: bundled with NetMRI like $Vendor, $Model, and $Version •When declaring a variable, you must specify a data type•i.e. number (integer), text (string), true/false (boolean)•Regex•$one_digit/^[1-9]$/•Predefined Regex•word, ipaddress, url, phoneno, zipcode, emailLists•CCS Scripts can reference a built-in file called a List. Think of it as a light-weight database.•Use the command getListValue to get the content of the List.•Lists can be created (or imported) under: Config Management -> Job Management -> ListsReading from a List•We use getListValue() to read from the List.SET: $reset= getListValue (Authorized_Users,username,“alice ”,default_passwd,NULL)•Look up from the List Authorized_Users , where username equals “alice ”, and return the corresponding password.•If the user “alice ” cannot be found, return NULL as the password.•Based on the List we defined, we expect to get the password “inW0nderl@nd ” for the user “alice ”.role username default_passwdnew_hire alice inW0nderl@nd new_hireNeoT@keTheRedPillSample with List: Reset Password Script-Filter:$Vendor eq "Cisco" and $sysDescr like /IOS/Script-Variables:$user word “Enter username to reset password"Action:Get default password of a single user from List Authorized_UsersAction-Commands:SET: $reset = getListValue(Authorized_Users,username,$user,default_passwd, “Nope”) Action-Commands: {$reset ne “Nope”}config terminalusername $user password 0 $resetendwr memTriggers•Mini script that only handles a single iteration of a loop•Action section runs, produces output, send it to the Trigger •Trigger section runs, reading in information as input, uses Trigger-Template to extract what’s necessary.•Runs commands in Trigger-Commands using the information extractedCCS Sections –Trigger SampleSection MandatoryScript-Filter XAction XAction-FilterAction-Commands XScript-VariablesOutput-TriggersTriggerTrigger-Filter Trigger-Variables Trigger-Template Trigger-Commands Using these sectionsTriggers•Action-Commands generates a list of output, and calls the Trigger to process the entire list, one item at a time.•Trigger-Commands defines what specific commands are run against each item of the list.•Take the familiar CLI commands sh run | inc username for example, “sh run”is like the Action-Commands, and sends the output to “inc username” to filter out just the usernames.Script-Filter:$Vendor eq "Cisco" and $sysDescr like /IOS/Script-Variables:$user word“Enter username to reset password”Action:Get existing usernamesAction-Commands:show run | inc usernameOutput-Triggers:Update Password# # # # # # # # # # #Trigger:Update PasswordTrigger-Variables:$existing_user wordTrigger-Template:username [[$existing_user]].+password 0.+Trigger-Commands:SET $reset = getListValue(Authorized_Users,username,$existing_user,default_passwd,NULL) conf tusername $existing_user password 0 $resetendwr mem Action, sends output to “Update Password” TriggerTrigger-Template extracts actual username from “show run “ inc username”Execute commands on theusernameScript-Filter:$Vendor eq "Cisco" and $sysDescr like /IOS/Script-Variables:$user word“Enter username to reset password”Action:Get existing usernamesAction-Commands:show run | inc usernameOutput-Triggers:Update Password# # # # # # # # # # #Trigger:Update PasswordTrigger-Variables:$existing_user wordTrigger-Template:username [[$existing_user]].+password 0.+Trigger-Commands:SET $reset = getListValue(Authorized_Users,username,$existing_user,default_passwd,NULL) Trigger-Commands:{$reset ne NULL}conf tusername $existing_user password 0 $resetendwr mem Action, sends output to “Update Password” TriggerTrigger-Template extracts actual username from “show run “ inc username”Execute commands on theusernameFilters•The {} is used as a filter to restrict execution.•Action-Commands and Trigger-Commands can be extended to specify optional filter criteria, restricting execution to cases where specific conditions exist.Example 1:Action-Commands: { $Vendor eq“Cisco” }show interfacesExample 2:Trigger-Commands: { $existing_user eq“Neo” }config tusername $existing_user password 0 $resetFilter Sections•Action-Filter and Trigger-Filter sections can also be used to apply the filter to the entire Action or Trigger section.Example 1:Action-Filter:$Vendor eq“Cisco” show interfacesExample 2:Trigger-Filter:$existing_user eq“Neo”Filters•Filters grant more flexibility and help optimize your code:•They work like an if-then, unless, or case statement•They can be written in two ways:Action:Show Running Config Action-Filter:$Vendor eq“Cisco”Action-Commands:show run | inc username Action:Update Logging DestinationAction-Commands {$sysDescr like /IOS/} logging 205.201.59.69Action-Commands {$sysDescr like /NX-OS/} logging server 205.201.59.69Action-Commands {$sysDescr like /SRX/} set system syslog host 205.201.59.69 any anyOperators•There are several ways to compare two variables•Here are four common approaches:Expressioneq ne in like Definition A equal to B A not equal to B A in list that follows A is similar to BExample Trigger-Commands:{$user eq“Neo”}Action-Commands:{$user ne “admin”}Action-Commands:{$user in[“Neo”,”alice”,”Morpheus”]}Trigger-Commands:{$user like /lic/}Notes Will execute if useris “Neo”Will execute if user isnot “admin”Will execute if user isNeo, alice, or MorpheusWill execute if theusername contains“lic”: either “alice”or “click”Assignment vs. Comparison•The =symbol is NOT the same as the eq comparison operator.•Assignment:•When we use =, we are taking whatever is B and copying it to A:Example: SET: $A = “no”•Comparison:•When we use eq, we are making an evaluation that ends in true or false, by comparing A to B:Example: { $A eq“no” }Putting It All Together -State Variable SampleScript-Filter:$Vendor eq "Cisco" and $sysDescr like /IOS/Script-Variables:$role word “Enter the role, such as new_hire ”Action:Get existing usernamesAction-Commands:show run | inc usernameSET: $ChangesMade = “no”Output-Triggers:Delete user# # # # # # # # # # #Trigger:Delete userTrigger-Variables:$existing_user wordTrigger-Filter:$existing_user ne “admin”Trigger-Template:username [[$existing_user]].+password 0.+Trigger-Commands:SET: $user_role = getListValue(Authorized_Users,username,$existing_user,role,NULL)Trigger-Commands: { $ChangesMade eq “no” and $user_role eq $role }conf tSET: ChangesMade = “yes”Initialize $ChangesMade to “no”Set $ChangesMade to “yes”State Variable Sample (continued)Trigger-Commands: { $user_role eq $role }no username $existing_userIterations# # # # # # # # # # #Action:Write to memory if changes were madeAction-Commands: { $ChangesMade eq “yes” }endwr memOnly execute if$ChangesMade is “yes”Other CCS Commands•Table below summarizes other CCS commands. For more details, refer to the Network Automation CSS Scripting Guide.Command DescriptionDEBUG Provides a mechanism to check whether or not a loop is entered or a statement is executed. Place DEBUG statement in front of the operation to check, and a debug icon will appear next to it if it would be executed.GET-CONFIGS Provides a mechanism to ensure Network Automation has the most up-to-date configurations from the network devices.LOG-INFOGenerates log messages to be sent to the appropriate log facilities, and goes into the standard Network Automation logging.LOG-WARNINGLOG-ERRORLOG-DEBUGPRINT Allows the printing of simple text strings (similar to the C “printf” command) and the printing of values within variables in CCS scripts to output text files.SKIPERROR Turns off error handling for script attributes when an error may appear from the acted-upon device, potentially preventing further job execution.SLEEP Pauses script execution for a specified number of seconds.EXPR Evaluate expressions, discussed next.Comments•Anything after the #symbol is ignored by the script•Use this to add human-readable comments so people reading the script (could be yourself later) understand the code.•For example:Action-Commands:# get current list of network interfaces to decide# which ones to disable# -Neo 04/25/2015DEBUG: Statement•Placing the DEBUG: directive in front of any statement will cause CCS to only print it out in the session log, but not execute the command.•For example:Action-Commands:DEBUG: conf tDEBUG: no username $usernameDEBUG: endDEBUG: wr memOperatorsOperator DescriptionA| B A if it is neither null nor 0, otherwise BA& B A if neither argument is null or 0, otherwise 0A <B A is less than BA <=B A is less than or equal to BA =B A is equal to BA !=B A is not equal to BA >=B A is greater than or equal to BA >B A is greater than BA +B Arithmetic sum of A and BA –B Arithmetic difference of A and BA *B Arithmetic product of A and BA /B Arithmetic quotient of A divided by BA %B Arithmetic remainder of A divided by BEXPR Command•EXPR performs more advanced comparison and evaluations •For example, increase $A by 1 (useful for iterating) EXPR: $A = $A + 1•Or compute the product of $A times $BEXPR: $A = $A * $BViewing, Adding, and Running CCS Scripts •Config Management -> JobManagement -> Scripts•Click Add to createAdding New CCS Script Levels Low, Medium, and High, indicatethe permission level needed to executethe scriptCategory is anything you want totype in that helps you organizescriptsName of scriptBody of CCS scriptRunning CCS Scripts•Config Management -> Job Management -> Scripts -> Run nowViewing Status and Job Details •Config Management -> Job Management -> Job HistoryViewing Status and Job DetailsCustomer Participation OpportunitiesTechnical Advisory Boards•10 TABs including NetMRI and Network Insight•Roadmap and early look at pre-releasedfeatures•Input for future enhancements•Best practices•First NetMRI session held on May 12th•Request membership at the Infoblox CommunitySite。

核磁报告专业解读
核磁共振成像（MRI）是一种非侵入性的医学影像技术，通过使用强磁场和无害的无线电波来生成详细的身体内部图像。

专业解读核磁报告需要具备医学知识和专业经验。

以下是一些常见的核磁报告中可能出现的术语和解释：
1. 图像序列：核磁报告通常包含多个图像序列，每个序列显示不同的解剖结构或组织类型。

例如，T1加权序列可用于观察脑组织，而T2加权序列对观察水分含量较高的结构更敏感。

2. 结构异常：报告可能指出患者身体内部存在的结构异常。

这些异常可能包括肿瘤、囊肿、出血、炎症等。

报告可能会提供关于大小、位置和特征的描述。

3. 强化：核磁成像中常用的造影剂是对比剂，可以帮助突出血管和异常组织。

报告可能会描述结构是否有增强效应，以及增强的程度和模式。

4. 信号变化：报告可能描述在不同图像序列中观察到的信号强度变化。

例如，高信号可以指示水分含量较高的结
构，低信号可能表示组织密度较高或液体少的结构。

5. 结论：报告通常会以结论部分总结观察到的病理结果。

这可能包括结构异常的描述、初步诊断和后续建议。

请注意，核磁共振成像是一种复杂的技术，解读报告需要综合考虑患者的病史、临床表现以及其他医学检查结果。

如果您对自己的核磁报告有任何疑问或需要详细解读，请咨询专业的医学影像学家或医生。

险分别是：养老保险:单位每个月为你缴纳21%,你自己缴纳8%;医疗保险:单位每个月为你缴纳9%,你自己缴纳2%外加10块钱的大病统筹(大病统筹主要管住院这块);失业保险:单位每个月为你缴纳2%,你自己缴纳1%;工伤保险:单位每个月为你缴纳0.5%,你自己一分钱也不要缴;生育保险:单位每个月为你缴纳0.8%,你自己一分钱也不要缴;住房公积金:单位每个月为你缴纳8%,你自己缴纳8%以上,这么算下来,单位每个月为你缴纳的社保比例应该是21%+9%+2%+0.5%+0.8%+8%=41.3%你自己每个月为你缴纳的社保比例应该是8%+2%+10块+1%+8%=19%+10块statement of agreement 协议声明Participant Information 参加者信息Informed Consent Form 知情同意书Sponsor 申办者Study Site 研究地址approve 批准moderate to severe psoriasis 中度至重度银屑病local operation entity 当地运营实体Research and Development, Inc 研发公司Xian-Janssen Pharmaceutical Ltd 西安杨森制药有限公司the electrical activity of the heartover time心脏随时间推移的电活动be required to fast from food andliquid禁用食物和液体qualitative analysis 定性分析quantitative analysis 定量分析instrumental analysis 仪器分析法flow injection analysis；FIA 流动注射分析法determinate error 可定误差coefficient of variation 变异系数confidence level 置信水平level of significance 显著性水平pooled standard debiation 合并标准偏差（组合标准差）rejection quotient ;Q 舍弃商volumetric analysis 容量分析法titrametric analysis 滴定分析法stoichiometric point 化学计量点equivalent point 等当点charge balance 电荷平衡charge balance equation 电荷平衡式mass balance 质量平衡material balance 物料平衡mass balance equation 质量平衡式acid-base indicator 酸碱指示剂acid-base titrations 酸碱滴定法autoprotolysis reaction 质子自递反应constant 常数proton balance equation 质子条件式colour change interval 变色范围protonic solvent 质子溶剂aprotic solvent 无质子溶剂differentiating effect 均化效应differentiating solvent 区分性溶剂amphototeric solvent 两性溶剂dissociation 离解crystal violet 结晶紫α-naphthalphenol benzyl alcohol 萘酚苯甲醇quinadinered 奎哪啶红thymol blue 百里酚蓝azo violet 偶氮紫bromophenol blue 溴酚蓝compleximetry 配位滴定法ischemic preconditioning 缺血预适应simple ischemia-reperfusion injury单纯缺血与再灌注损伤组groupLeukocyte 白血球Floating gel 漂浮凝胶acid concentration of the medium 介质酸浓度Alginic acid 海藻酸Aluminium hydroxide 氢氧化铝antacid activity 抗酸活性Antacid agent 抗酸剂Anti-reflux agent 抗返流剂benzyl alcohol 苯甲醇blinding agent 粘合剂Bulking agent 填充剂Calcium carbonate 碳酸钙carbonate 碳酸盐combinations 复方Comparative active ingredient活性成分组成的比较compositionsDetermination of pH gradient in vitro 体外PH梯度测定Dextrates 葡萄糖结合剂drug product 制剂drug substance 原料药duration 持续时间Excipients 辅料Filling agent 填充剂Flavour 香精/香料Formation of a floating gel in vitro 漂浮凝胶在体外的形成function of the acid concentration of介质酸浓度函数the mediumGaviscon? tablets Gaviscon?片Glucose monohydrate 一水葡萄糖Granulating agent 制粒溶剂Heavy magnesium carbonate 重质碳酸镁In-house monograph 内部专论Lemon cream flavour 柠檬奶油香精/香料Lubricant 润滑剂magnesium carbonate 碳酸镁magnesium carbonate gel 碳酸镁凝胶magnesium chloride 氯化镁Magnesium stearate 硬脂酸镁Magnesium trisilicate 三硅酸镁Mean “raft” pH平均“筏”PhPeak “intra-gastric” pH胃内峰PHpeppermint flavour 薄荷香料/香精pH gradient pH 梯度pharmaceutical development 制药开发Povidone 聚维酮Quantitative composition 定量组成raft 筏Raft booster 筏推动剂Rennie? Dual Action tablets 罗内?双效片Rennie? Duo, chewable tablets 罗内?Duo咀嚼片Rennie? Duo, oral suspension 罗内?Duo口服混悬剂RENNIE? LIQUID 罗内?液体剂Saccharin sodium 糖精钠Sodium alginate海藻酸钠 Sodium bicarbonate碳酸氢钠 sodium chloride氯化钠 Sodium hydrogen carbonate碳酸氢钠 sodium propyl p-hydroxybenzoate对羟基苯甲酸丙酯钠 stearate硬脂酸盐 Sucrose蔗糖 Sweetener甜味剂 symptomatic treatment症状性治疗 Talc滑石粉 Xanthan gum黄原胶 6-1 ：David Grimes 教授演讲部分 long acting contraception长效避孕法 The role of long acting contraception in family planning长效避孕法在计划生育中发挥的作用 long-acting reversible contraception 长效可逆性避孕法 forgettable contraception遗忘式避孕法 overt act专门措施 Coital frequency性交频率 Progestin injection黄体酮注射 Depot medroxyprogesterone acetate 长效醋酸甲羟孕酮（DMPA ）Intrauterine Contraception 宫内避孕法 Levonorgestrel Releasing System 左炔诺孕酮释放系统 Levonorgestrel intrauterine system (LNG-IUS)左炔诺孕酮宫内节育系统（LNG-IUS ） Single-rod progestin implant单棒黄体酮植入物 fibroids, hemoglobinopathy纤维瘤，血红蛋白病 surrogate end points替代终点 risk of ectopic pregnancies异位妊娠风险 tubal infertility输卵管性不孕 Gross Removal Rates总取出率 Levonorgestrel IUS左炔诺孕酮IUS Barrier methods屏障法 Venous thromboembolism静脉血栓形成 hysterectomy子宫切除术 endometriosis子宫内膜异位症 perimenopausal symptoms围绝经期症状 Hemoglobin and ferritin血红蛋白和铁蛋白 parous women经产妇 nulliparous women未产妇 menorrhagia / dysmenorrhea 月经过多/痛经uterine involution 子宫复旧Perforation rate 穿孔率Expulsion frequency 排出率estrogen and progesterone receptors 雌激素和孕酮受体expulsion / salpingitis 排出/输卵管炎curettage 刮除术mifepristone 米非司酮Lactation 哺乳期/泌乳partum 分娩spotting and bleeding 出血和点状出血Full breast-feeding 完全母乳喂养antiphospholipid syndrome 抗磷脂综合征anticoagulation 抗凝药estradiol 雌二醇6-2 ：Dr. Ritva Hurskainen 演讲部分endometrial resection / ablation 子宫内膜切除/消融术Submucous fibroids 黏膜下纤维化Endometrial polyps 子宫内膜息肉Ovarian tumours or cysts 卵巢肿瘤或囊肿uterine malformation 子宫畸形acne 痤疮Levonorgestrel-ReleasingIntrauterine System左炔诺孕酮宫内缓释系统Health-Related Quality of Life 健康相关生存质量Bladder-emptying 膀胱排空Urge incontinence 尿失禁Stress incontinence 压力性失禁Tranexamic acid 氨甲环酸Norethisterone 炔诺酮Myomectomy or uterine artery embolisation 子宫肌瘤剔除术或子宫动脉栓塞术endometrial ablation 子宫内膜消融术6-2 ：Yu Qi 教授演讲部分Heavy menstrual bleeding (HMB) 月经过多 (HMB) injected progestogens 孕激素注射剂Health Economics 卫生经济学Oophorectomy with hysterectomy 卵巢切除术联合子宫切除术Dilatation and curettage 扩刮术Impedance-controlled bipolar 阻抗控制双极射频消融术radiofrequency ablationFluid-filled thermal balloon endometrial ablation (TBEA) 充液热球囊子宫内膜消融术Microwave endometrial ablation(MEA)微波子宫内膜消融术Free fluid thermal endometrial ablation 自由流体热子宫内膜消融术Care Pathway for HMB (1) HMB的诊治路径Intermenstrual bleeding 月经间期出血Anovulatory DUB 无排卵型DUB Ovulatory DUB 排卵型DUB gynecologic complaints 妇科主诉Anti-fibrinolysis drugs 抗纤溶药Endometrial Atrophy Therapy 子宫内膜萎缩疗法Inhibitor of prostaglandin synthesis 前列腺素合成抑制剂Flufenamic Acid 氟芬那酸6-2：Session 4 (Day 2) 部分的词汇menstrual disorders 月经紊乱Cervical glands 宫颈腺体Abortifacient 堕胎者Cervical smears 宫颈涂片Pelvic infection 盆腔感染Valvular heart disease 心脏瓣膜疾病Amenorrhea 闭经Menache 初潮Menstruation 行经Menopause 绝经cyclical norethisterone 环炔诺酮Non steroidal antiinflammatory drugs 非甾体类抗炎药Strong premenstrual symptoms 重度经前症状 (PMS) Contraceptive patch or ring 避孕贴或避孕环Progestin oral pills 孕激素口服片剂drospirenon 屈螺酮Migraine 偏头痛Migraine without aura 无预兆的偏头痛Ovarian cysts 卵巢囊肿flange 凸缘Paracervical blockade 宫颈旁阻滞麻醉Ibuprofen 布洛芬anteverted uterus 前倾子宫retroverted uterus 后倾子宫misoprostol 米索前列醇bleeding pattern 出血模式endometrial hyperplasia 子宫内膜增生tamoxifen 他莫西芬Clin Conf 1 - Contraception &ProfGrimes1 词汇Anovulation 停止排卵Premature ovarian failure 卵巢早衰Hyperprolactinaemia 高泌乳素血症Hypothyroidism 甲减Transvaginal ultrasound 经阴道超声Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) 多囊卵巢综合征(PCOS) Combined oral contraception 联合口服药避孕说明书Packaging Insert药品名称Article Name通用名称Generic Name汉语拼音Name In Bopomofo成分Ingredients作用类别/主治功能Function and indication 规格Strengths注意事项Precautions药物相互作用Drug Interaction有效期Expire date执行标准Executive Standard国家药品标准National drug standard批准文号Approval Document No 国药准字Guo yao zhun zi修订日期Revision Date生产地址Address of Facility如果有问题Please contact the manufacturer in case of any problem止痒Relieving Itching消炎Diminishing Inflammation非处方non-prescription (OTC) 英文中文Fly Sheet 扉页intra-individually controlled 个体自身对照dose-eomparative 剂量比较open-label 公开标签Clinical trial phase 临床试验阶段diagnostic confidence 诊断置信度qualitative evaluation 定性评价quantitative evaluation 定量评价global evaluation 总体评价physical examination 体格检查Synopsis 纲要confidence intervals. 置信区间Duration of treatment 治疗期/治疗持续时间mode of admin. 给药方式Reference therapy 参照疗法Criteria for evaluation 评价标准Efficacy 有效性signal intensity ratio 信号强度比overall visualization 总体显影c1inieal differenee 临床差异Trial Manager 试验主管Trial Director 试验总监Co-investigator 助理研究者Formulation 制剂Type of formulation 剂型Specific radioactivity 比放射性drug substance 原料药Vehicle composition 赋形剂成分Generic name 通用名Study design and plan 研究设计和计划description of rationale 原理说明Overview and justification 概述和论证Study configuration: 研究结构Level of blinding: 设盲水平Investigational product 试验性药物Interim analyses 中期分析steering committees 指导委员会Protocol amendments 方案修正Sampie size 样本量Molecular weight 分子量Structural formula 结构式Molecular formula: 分子式osmolality 克分子渗透压浓度viscosity 粘度Qualitative evaluation 定量评价localisation of lesion ? 病灶定位visualization of lesion ? 病灶显影characterization of lesion ? 病灶特征记述Equivocal 模糊No contrast 无差异Referral diagnosis 转诊诊断Pre-conifastt MRI diagnosis 增强前MRI诊断Drug relationship 药物相关性Intensity 严重程度Flow chart of trial activities 试验流程图imaging 影像学检查Baseline period 基线期Drop-outs 脱落Deviations from the trial protocol 与试验方案的背离Target variabies 靶变量Disposition of sUbjects 受试者安排Ethnic group 种族Medication history 治疗史Medical and surgical history 病史和手术史abnormal findings 异常发现pulse rate 脉率systolic blood pressure 收缩压diastolic blood pressure 舒张压general appearanee 一般状态primary tumor 原发肿瘤metastases 转移灶multiple sclerosis 多发性硬化症angiography 血管造影myelography 脊髓造影Data sets analyzed 数据组分析Diagnostic confidence: 诊断置信度Optimal injection 最佳注射Overall visualization 总体显影度signal intensity ratio 信号强度比contrast to noise ratio 对比噪声比Total drug exposure 总的药物暴露test article 供试品Text tables 正文表格Box plot 箱线图Scatter diagrams 散点图contrast agents造影剂 efficacy evaluation有效性评价 plain scans平扫 worsened变差 extent of exposure暴露程度 Total drug exposure总的药物暴露 Display and analysis of adverse events 不良事件的陈述和分析 weakness of extension伸展无力 involuntary tremor不自主震颤 tolerance indicators容许指示剂 Title Page标题页 Good Clinical Practice (GCP).药物临床试验质量管理规范（GCP ） Analysis set分析集 Intent - to - treat population意向治疗人群 Preferred population首选人群 Reader 1读片者1 blinded reading盲态读片 False positive lesions假阳性病变 Sensitivity and specificity in liver segment involvement肝段受累的敏感性和特异性 liver lobes肝叶 pooled segments混合段 pre-contrast MRI造影前MRI combined pre-and post MRI联合造影前/后MRI Lesion classification病变分类 lesion type病变类型 Assessment of enhancement增强的评估 (dynamic imaging and hepatocytephase)动态影像和肝细胞相 Signal-to-noise ratio信噪比 Contrast-to-noise ratio对比噪声比 Independent Ethics Committee (IEC) 独立伦理委员会（IEC ）Institutional Review Board (IRB)机构审查委员会（IRB ） Ethical conduct伦理学实施 study administrative structure研究行政结构 Comparators对比方法 Prior and concomitant therapy既往和目前的合用药物 Diffuse liver disease弥漫性肝病 Focal liver lesions 肝脏局灶性病变 Trackable/untrackable focal liver 可追踪性/不可追踪性肝lesions脏局灶性病变 Liver maps肝脏图谱 Lesion detection病变检出 Lesion characterization病变鉴定 Morphology形态学 Biliary system imaging增强的评估 Artifacts伪像 pre-contrast T2-weighted sequences 造影前T2加权序列 Intraoperative ultrasound (IOUS)术中超声（IOUS ） Required pulse sequences规定的脉冲序列 Adjustments of image size and contrast 图像大小和对比度的调整 Biliary system imaging胆道系统成像 presence of thrombus有血栓 Adjustments for covariates对协变量的调整 Examination of subgroups亚组检查 Drug-drug and drug-diseaseinteractions药物-药物相互作用和药物-疾病相互作用 specified diffuse liver disease特定弥漫性肝病 matched lesions匹配病变 Number of correctly and incorrectly classified lesions正确和错误分类病变的数量 Mass Effect占位效应 Enhancement patterns 增强模式 New Atrial Extrasystoles Postbaseline 基线后新出现房性期外收缩New Ventricular ExtrasystolesPostbaseline基线后新出现室性期外收缩 PRODUCT MONOGRAPH药品专论 Intravenous contrast enhancement agent for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)静脉注射的磁共振成像（MRI ）造影剂 Submission Control No:提交文件控制号 Elimination清除 Hepatic Insufficiency肝功能不全 DOSAGE FORMS, COMPOSITION ANDPACKAGING剂型、成分和包装 Proper name专有名称 Physical form外观 Solubility溶解性 pH in water水溶液的pH Osmolality 渗透压Density密度 Bi-phasic enhanced spiral CT双相增强螺旋CT Animal Pharmacology动物药理学 Human Pharmacology人体药理学 Insufficiency功能不全 Repeated-Dose Toxicity多次给药毒性 Genotoxic Potential遗传毒性可能性 Tumorigenicity and Carcinogenicity 致肿瘤性和致癌性 Reproductive Toxicology生殖毒理学 Local Tolerance and SensitizingPotential局部耐受性和致敏可能性 Formulation number制剂编号 Substance code number原料药代码编号 specifications规格 release date发布日期 This edition supersedes替代版本 Property of Bayer Schering Pharma 所有权归Bayer ScheringPharma 所有Physical, chemical and pharmaceutical properties and formulation 物理、化学以及药理学特性和剂型Description of Drug Substance 药品说明Product interaction 产品相互作用Special Populations 特殊人群Mean (SD) serum concentrations 平均（SD ）血清浓度fecal excretion 粪便排泄量compartment model dependent （CMD ） 间室模型依赖 renal clearance 肾清除率total clearance 总清除率beats per minute(bpm) 每分钟心跳次数end stage renal failure （ESRF ） 终末阶段肾衰focal nodular hyperplasia(FNH) 局灶结节性增生field of view(FOV) 视野gradient echo(GRE) 梯度回波Hoechst Adverse Events Reaction Thesaurus System(HARTS) Hoechst 不良事件反应词典系统Gd-EOB-DTPA 钆-EOB-DTPA ，钆塞酸high pressure liquidchromatography(HPLC)高压液相色谱 Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectroscopy(ICPAES )电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法 Specific Rotation 比旋光度Partition Coefficient 分配系数Time Profile 时间特征Elimination Profile 消除曲线Biotransformation 生物转化volume of distribution at steady state 稳态下分布体积repetition time 保留时间time of echo 回声时间terminal half-life 终末半衰期initial half-life 初始半衰期no observable effect level 不可观察的反应水平microsoft disk operating system 微软磁盘操作系统mean residence time 平均停留时间magnetic resonance imaging 磁共振成像magnetic resonance 核磁共振minimum lethal dose 最低致死剂量Medical Dictionary for Regulatory国际医学用语词典Activitiesmean corpuscular volume 平均血细胞体积mean corpuscular hemoglobin 红细胞平均血红蛋白含量Intraoperative ultrasound 术中超声医学英语中的缩写词aa——各et——及、和Rp.——取、请取sig./S.——用法、指示St./Stat.——立即、急速Cit.——急速s.o.s.——需要时p.r.n——必要时a.c.——饭前p.c.——饭后a.m.——上午p.m.——下午q.n.——每晚h.s.——睡前q.h.——每小时q.d.——每日1次B.i.d.——每日2次T.i.d.——每日3次Q.i.d.——每日4次q.4h.——每4小时1次p.o.——口服ad us.int.——内服ad us.ext.——外用H.——皮下注射im./M.——肌肉注射iv./V.——静脉注射iv gtt.——静脉滴注Inhal.——吸入O.D.——右眼O.L.——左眼O.S.——单眼O.U.——双眼No./N.——数目、个s.s——一半ug.——微克mg.——毫克g.——克kg.——千克（公斤）ml.——毫升L.——升q.s——适量Ad.——加至Aq.——水Aq.dest.——蒸馏水Ft.——配成Dil——稀释M.D.S.——混合后给予Co./Comp.——复方的Mist——合剂Pulv.——散剂Amp.——安瓿剂Emul.——乳剂Syr.——糖浆剂Tr.——酊剂Neb.——喷雾剂Garg.——含漱剂rtt./gutt.——滴、滴眼剂collyr.——洗眼剂Ocul.——眼膏Liq.——溶液剂Sol.——溶液Lot.——洗剂Linim.——擦剂Crem.——乳膏剂（冷霜）Ung.——软膏剂Past.——糊剂Ol.——油剂Enem.——灌肠剂Supp.——栓剂Tab.——片剂Pil.——丸剂Caps.——胶囊剂Inj.——注射剂。

磁共振MRI中英文缩写汇总MRI：Magnetic Resonance Imaging磁共振成像NMRI：Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Imaging核磁共振成像MRA：Magnetic Resonance Angiography磁共振血管造影CE-MRA：contrast enhanced magnetic resonance angiography对比增强磁共振血管成像MRV：Magnetic Resonance Venography磁共振静脉造影VW-MRI：vessel wall magnetic resonance imaging磁共振血管壁成像MRCP：Magnetic Resonance cholangiopancreatography磁共振胰胆管成像MRM：Magnetic Resonance Myelography磁共振脊髓成像MRU：Magnetic Resonance urography磁共振尿路成像MRN：Magnetic Resonance neurography磁共振神经成像CMR：Cardiovascular MR心血管磁共振检查技术fMRI：functional magnetic resonance imaging磁共振功能成像MRE：Magnetic Resonance Elastography磁共振弹性成像T1WI：T1-weighted imagingT1加权成像T2WI：T2-weighted imagingT2加权成像PDWI：proton density weighted imaging质子密度加权成像EPI：echo planar imaging平面回波成像MS-EPI：multi shot echo planar imaging多激发平面回波成像DWI：diffusion weighted imaging扩散加权成像(小视野弥散Philips-ZOOM/Siemens-ZOOMit/GE-FOCUS)ADC：apparent diffusion coefficient表观扩散系数DWIBS：diffusion weighted imaging with background suppression背景抑制扩散加权成像RESOLVE：readout segment of long variable echo trains基于读出方向分段K空间的多次激发弥散加权成像(Siemens) MUSE：multi-slab parallel EPI多激发节段式EPI采集空间信号敏感性编码图像重建(GE)DTI：diffusion tensor imaging扩散张量成像PWI：perfusion weighted imaging灌注加权成像BOLD：blood oxygenation level dependent血氧水平依赖RF：Radio Frequency射频TR：repetition time重复时间TE：echo time回波时间(Effective TE有效TE)Minimum TE：部分回波技术TI：inversion time反转时间ES：echo space回波间隙ETL：echo train length回波链长度BW：bandwidth带宽FA：flip angle反转角TA：Acquisition time采集时间NA：number of acquisitions采集次数NSA：number of signal averaged信号平均次数NEX：number of excitation激励次数TD：time of delay延迟时间WFS：water fat shift水脂位移FC：flow compensation流动补偿TOF：time of flight时间飞跃TRICKS：time resolved imaging of contrast Kinetics对比剂动态成像PC：phase contrast相位对比VENC：velocity encoding流速编码NPW：no phase wrap去相位卷褶IR：inversion recovery反转恢复MT：magnetization transfer磁化转移(磁化传递)FT：fourier transform傅里叶变换VPS：Views Per Segment每段视图BSP TI：blood suppression TI血夜抑制反转时间(IFIR参数)序列SE：spin echo自旋回波FSE：fast spin echo快速自旋回波TSE：turbo spin echo快速自旋回波FRFSE：fast recovery fast spin echo快速恢复快速自旋回波(GE) TSE-Restore：快速恢复快速自旋回波(Siemens)TSE DRIVE(TSE driven equilibrium DE驱动平衡)：快速恢复快速自旋回波(Philips)SSFSE：single shot fast spin echo单次激发快速自旋回波HALF-SS-TSE：half-fourier acquisition single-shot turbo spin echo半傅里叶单次激发快速自旋回波(Philips)HASTE：half-fourier acquisition single-shot turbo spin echo 半傅里叶单次激发快速自旋回波(Siemens)FLAIR：fluid attenuated inversion recovery水抑制反转恢复ASL：arterial spin labeling动脉自旋标记BPAS：basi-parallel anatomical scanning平行椎基底动脉系统扫描FIR：fast inversion recovery快速反转恢复(TIR：turbo inversion recovery)DIR：dual inversion recovery(有资料译为double inversion recovery)双重反转恢复下面三个技术（VISTA/CUBE/SPACE）摘自懋氏百科全书，后面两个的中文是我瞎翻译的：VISTA(3D VIEW)：volume isotropic turbo spin echo acquisition各向同性快速自旋回波容积采集(Philips)CUBE：3D fast spin echo with an extended echo train acquisition长回波链3D快速自旋回波采集(GE)SPACE：sampling perfection with application optimized contrast using different flip angle evolution最优可变翻转角改善对比完美采样(Siemens)梯度回波GRE：gradient recalled echo梯度回波(GE)FFE：fast field echo快速场回波(Philips)GE：gradient echo梯度回波(Siemens)TFE：turbo field echo超快速场回波FISP：fast imaging with steady-state precession稳态进动快速成像(Siemens)PSIF(Siemens)：采集刺激回波的GRE序列；在时序上与FISP相反遂命名为PSIF(Philips为T2-FFE；GE为CE-GRASS:contrast enhanced GRASS)DESS：dual spin steady state双回波稳态进动(Siemens独有3D序列，显示软骨优势；同时采集FISP信号和PSIF信号) MEDIC：multiple echo data image combination多回波数据合并成像(Siemens)MERGE：multiple echo recalled gradient echo多回波梯度回波 (GE 2D)COSMIC：coherent oscillatory state acquisition for the manipulation imaging contrast连续振荡状态采集操控成像对比(GE 3D多回波合并成像)mFFE(Philips多回波)：multiple fast field echoSWI：susceptibility weighted imaging磁敏感加权成像QSM：quantitative susceptibility mapping定量磁化率成像SSFP：steady state free precession普通稳态自由进动(GE的GRE、Fast GRE均属该类型；西门子为FISP；在飞利浦上称为conventional FFE)Balance-SSFP：balance steady state free precession平衡式稳态自由进动(Philips)FIESTA：fast imaging employing steady state acquisition稳态采集快速成像(GE)FIESTA-C：FIESTA-cycled phases双激发稳态采集快速成像(GE) True FISP：true fast imaging with steady state precession真稳态自由进动快速成像(Siemens)CISS：constructive interference in the steady state稳态进动结构相干(双激发)B-FFE：balance fast field echo平衡式快速场回波(Philips)TRANCE：triggered angiography non-contrast enhanced触发血管造影非对比增强(Philips; Siemens为Native truefisp; GE为IFIR: InFlow Inversion Recovery)QISS：Quiescent-Interval Single-Shot MR血管造影-静态间隔单次激发成像是一种用于外周MRA的非增强MRA技术(Siemens)。

关于 MRI 影像的内容，你都了解吗MRI是三个英文单词的缩写，即magnetic resonance imagine，意思为磁共振检查。

磁共振检查是一种新生的医学监测技术，其原理是通过原子核的质子在磁场中发生弛豫，然后出现共振现象产生的图像，通过图像上的信息来来达到监测的目的。

这种医学监测手段具有很大的优势，对于人体部分器官的监测具有奇效。

MRI影像的监测范围十分地广泛，对于人体绝大数的部位或者器官都能起到监测病变的作用。

因此，MRI影像所包含的范围也十分地广泛，其中包括脑、头颈部、脊柱、胸部、心血管系统、肾与肾上腺、男性与女性盆骨、肌肉骨等等，之所以MRI影像能在这些人体组织或者器官之中监测应用，原因是因为在这些器官的监测与应用之中优先级大于CT影像监测技术，接下来就分别对于这些组织或者器官进行具体分析和介绍。

MRI图像的内容分为医学影像学内容和监测内容，医学影像学内容就是将监测的信息进行的转化主要是黑白图像信息，而监测内容是MRI监测中所呈现的内容，具体体现为各种组织与器官。

在具体介绍人体各个器官或者组织的MRI监测内容之前，需要对于MRI影像的医学摄影学内容进行具体介绍。

首先，由于MRI成像的原理，这导致了MRI影像所成图像都是黑白影像，同CT影像监测一样也是黑白图像。

但MRI影像同其他的影像不同的是MRI影像成像更为复杂，不能直接靠图像的黑白程度来判断图中人体的病变状况。

在某些MRI图中，黑色代表某一部位发生了病变，而在另一些图中白色代表某一部位发生了病变。

造成这种图像差异的原因在于监测组织的固有特性以及成像技术之中对于脉冲序列与扫描时间参数的不同，从而导致了MRI图像中特征各不相同的图像出现。

1.来对于脑部与头颈部的MRI影像的监测内容介绍，在面对头部肿瘤的监测和观察之时，使用MRI监测是利于CT影像技术的，这也意味着头部肿瘤是MRI影像内容中的一项。

除此之外，MRI影像监测用于对于脑部的外伤、感染、退髓鞘及其形成的病理等方面的监测更有优势，这些方面也是MRI影像在脑部监测之中的内容。

医学英语大全1、抗生素医嘱[Antibiotic order]·Prophylaxis [预防性用药] Duration of oder[用药时间] 24hr Procedure[操作，手术]·Empiric theraphy [经验性治疗]Suspected site and organism[怀疑感染的部位和致病菌] 72hr Cultures ordered[是否做培养]·Documented infection[明确感染]Site and organism[部位和致病菌] 5days·Other[其他]Explanation required [解释理由] 24hr·Antibiotic allergies[何种抗生素过敏]No known allergy [无已知的过敏]·Drug+dose+Route+frequency[药名+剂量+途径+次数]2、医嘱首页[Admission / transfer]·Admit / transfer to [收入或转入]·Resident [住院医师] Attending[主治医师]·Condition [病情]·Diagnosis[诊断]·Diet [饮食]·Acitivity [活动]·Vital signs[测生命体征]·I / O [记进出量]·Allergies[过敏]3、住院病历[case history]·Identification [病人一般情况]Name[性名]Sex[性别]Age [年龄]Marriage[婚姻]Person to notify and phone No.[联系人及电话] Race[民族]I.D.No.[身份证]Admission date[入院日期]Source of history[病史提供者]Reliability of history[可靠程度]Medical record No[病历号]Business phone No.[工作单位电话]Home address and phone No.[家庭住地及电话] ·Chief complaint[主诉]·History of present illness[现病史]·Past History[过去史]Surgical[外科]Medical[内科]Medications[用药]Allergies[过敏史]Social History[社会史]Habits[个人习惯]Smoking[吸烟]Family History[家族史]Ob/Gyn History[ 婚姻/生育史]Alcohol use[喝酒]·Review of Aystems[系统回顾]General[概况]Eyes,Ears,Nose and throat[五官]Pulmonary[呼吸]Cardiovascular[心血管]GI[消化]GU[生殖、泌尿系统]Musculoskeletal[肌肉骨骼]Neurology[神经系统]Endocrinology[内分泌系统]Lymphatic/Hematologic[淋巴系统/血液系统] ·Physical Exam[体检]Vital Signs[生命体征]P[脉博]Bp[血压]R[呼吸]T[温度]Height[身高]Weight[体重]General[概况]HEENT[五官]Neck[颈部]Back/Chest[背部/胸部]Breast[乳房]Heart[心脏]Heart rate[心率]Heart rhythm[心律]Heart Border[心界]Murmur[杂音]Abdomen[腹部]Liver[肝]Spleen[脾]Rectal[直肠]Genitalia[生殖系统]Extremities[四肢]Neurology[神经系统]cranial nerves[颅神经]sensation[感觉]Motor[运动]*Special P.E. on diseased organ system[专科情况]*Radiographic Findings[放射]*Laboratory Findings[化验]*Assessment[初步诊断与诊断依据]*Summary[病史小结]*Treatment Plan[治疗计划]4、输血申请单[Blood bank requisition form](1)reason for infusion[输血原因]▲红细胞[packed red cells, wshed RBCs]:*Hb<8.5 [血色素<8.5]*>20% blood volume lost [>20%血容量丢失]*cardio-pulmonary bypass with anticipated Hb <8[心肺分流术伴预计血色素<8]*chemotherapy or surgery with Hb <10[血色素<10的化疗或手术者]▲全血[whole blood]:massive on-going blood loss[大量出血]▲血小板[platelets]:*massive blood transfusion >10 units[输血10单位以上者]*platelet count <50×103/μl with active bleeding or surgery[血小板<5万伴活动性出血或手术者]*Cardio-pulmonary bypass uith pl<100×103/μl with octive bleeding[心肺分流术伴血小板<10万，活动性出血者]*Platelet count <20×103/μl[血板<2万]▲新鲜冰冻血浆[fresh frozen plasma]:*documented abnormal PT or PTT with bleeding or Surgery[PT、PTT异常的出血或手术病人]*specific clotting factor deficiencies with bleeding/surgerg[特殊凝血因子缺乏的出血/手术者]*blood transfusion >15units[输血>15个单位]*warfarin or antifibrinolytic therapy with bleeding[华法令或溶栓治疗后出血] *DIC[血管内弥漫性凝血]*Antithrombin III dficiency[凝血酶III 缺乏](2)输血要求[request for blood components]*patient blood group[血型]*Has the patient had transfusion or pregnancy in the past 3 months? [近3个月，病人是否输过血或怀孕过？]*Type and crossmatch[血型和血交叉]*Units or ml[单位或毫升]5、出院小结[discharge summary]Patient Name[病人姓名]Medical Record No.[病历号]Attending Physician[主治医生]Date of Admission[入院日期]Date of Discharge[出院日期]Pirncipal Diagnosis[主要诊断]Secondary Diagnosis[次要诊断]Complications[并发症]Operation[手术名称]Reason for Admission[入院理由]Physical Findings[阳性体征]Lab/X-ray Findings[化验及放射报告]Hospital Course[住院诊治经过]Condition[出院状况]Disposition[出院去向]Medications[出院用药]Prognosis[预后]Special Instruction to the Patient(diet, physical activity)[出院指导（饮食，活动量）]Follow-up Care[随随访]6、住院/出院病历首页[Admission/discharge record]·Patient name[病人姓名]·race[种族]·address[地址]·religion[宗教]·medical service[科别]·admit (discharge) date[入院（出院）日期]·Length of stay [住院天数]·guarantor name [担保人姓名]·next of kin or person to notify[需通知的亲属姓名]·relation to patient[与病人关系]·previous admit date[上次住院日期]·admitting physician [入院医生]·attending phgsician[主治医生]·admitting diagnosis[入院诊断]·final (principal) diagnosis[最终（主要）诊断]·secondary diagnosis[次要诊断]·adverse reactions (complications)[副作用（合并症）]·incision type[切口类型]·healing course[愈合等级]·operative (non-operative) procedures[手术（非手术）操作] ·nosocomial infection[院内感染]·consutants[会诊]·Critical-No. of times[抢救次数]·recovered-No. of times[成功次数]·Diagnosis qualitative analysis[诊断质量]OP.adm.and discharge Dx concur [门诊入院与出院诊断符合率]Clinical and pathological Dx concur[临床与病理诊断符合率]Pre- and post-operative Dx concur [术前术后诊断符合率]·Dx determined with in 24 hours (3 days) after admission[入院后24小时（3天）内确诊]·Discharge status[出院状况]recovered[治愈]improved[好转]not improved[未愈]died [死亡]·Dispositon[去向]home[家]against medical ad[自动出院]autosy[尸检]transferred to[转院到]医学英语常用前后缀医学英语常用前后缀·a-[无，缺] ▲anemia[贫血] atonia[无张力] asymptomatic[无症状的] amenorrhea[闭经] ·ab-[分离] abduct [外展] abscision[切除] ·acou (acu)-[听觉] acumeter [听力计] acouophone[助听器] ·acro-[肢端] acromegaly[肢端肥大症] acromastitis[乳头炎] ·ad (af, an)-[邻近，向上] adrenal [肾上腺] adaxial[近轴的] annexa[附件] ·-ad[……侧] ventrad[向腹侧] cephalad[向头侧] ·adeno-[腺] adenocyte[腺细胞] adenoidism[腺体病] ·adipo-[脂肪] adiposis[肥胖症] adiponecrosis[脂肪坏死] ·adreno-[肾上腺] adrenocorticoid[肾上腺皮质激素] adrenalin[肾上腺素] adrenal[肾上腺] ·-aemia(emia)[血症] bacteremia[菌血症] leukemia[白血病] ·-albi (albino)-[白色] albumin[白蛋白] albinism[白化病] ·-algesia[痛觉] ▲hypoalgesia[痛觉减退] ·-algia[痛] ▲arthralgia[关节痛]▲cephalgia[头痛] ▲neuralgia[神经痛] ·alkali-[碱] ▲alkalosis[碱中毒] ·alveo-[牙槽，小沟] ▲alveolitis[牙槽炎] ▲alveobronchiolitis[支气管肺泡炎] ·ambi-[复，双] ambiopia[复视] ambivert[双重性格] ·ambly-[弱] ▲amblyopia[弱视]▲amblyaphia[触觉迟钝] ·amylo-[淀粉] ▲amyloidosis[淀粉酶] ▲amylase[淀粉酶] ·angio-[血管] ▲angiography[血管造影术] ▲angioedema[血管性水肿]▲angeitis[脉管炎] ▲angiofibroma[血管纤维瘤] ·ante-[前] ▲antenatal[出生前的] ▲anteflexion[前屈] ·antero-[前] ▲anterolateral[前侧壁] ▲anteroventral[前腹侧] ·anti-[抗，反] ▲antibiotics[抗生素] ▲antihypertensives[降压药]▲anticoagulant[抗凝剂] ·rarchno-[蛛网膜] ▲arachnoiditis[蛛网膜炎] ·archo-[肛门，直肠] ▲archorrhagia[肛门出血] ▲archosyrinx[直肠灌注器] ·arterio-[动脉]▲arteriospasm[动脉痉挛] ▲arteriosclerosis[动脉硬化] ·arthro-[关节]▲arthrocentesis[关节穿刺] ▲arthrotomy[关节切开术] ▲arthritis[关节炎] ·-ase[酶] ▲oxidase[氧化酶] ▲proteinase[蛋白酶] ·-asthenia[无力] ▲myasthenia[肌无力]▲neurasthenia[神经衰弱] ·audio(audito)-[听力] ▲audiology[听觉学]▲audiometer[听力计] ·auto-[自己] ▲autoimmune[自身免疫] ▲auto hemotherapy[自体血疗法] ·bacilli-[杆菌] ▲ba cillosis[杆菌病] ▲bacilluria[杆菌尿] ·bacterio-[细菌] ▲bacteriology[细菌学] ▲bactericide[杀菌剂] ·baro-[压力]▲barometer [压力计] ▲baroreceptor[压力感受器] ·bary-[迟钝] ▲barylalia[言语不清] ▲baryacusia[听觉迟钝] ·bi-[双] ▲bicuspid[二尖瓣]] ▲bilateral[两侧的] ·bili-[胆汁] ▲bilirubin[胆红素] ·bio-[生命] ▲biology[生物学] ▲biopsy[活检] ·-blast[母细胞] ▲spermatoblast[精子细胞] ▲melanoblast[成黑色素细胞]▲osteoblast[成骨细胞] ·brachy-[短] ▲brachypnea[气短] ▲brachydactylia[短指畸形] ·brady-[迟缓] ▲bradycardia[心动过缓] ▲bradypsychia[精神不振] ·broncho-[支气管] ▲bronchoscopy[支气管镜检查] ▲bronchiostenosis[支气管痉挛]▲bronchitis[支气管炎] ·bronchiolo-[细支气管] ▲bronchiolectasis[细支气管扩张] ·calci-[钙] ▲calcification[钙化] ▲calcicosilicosis[钙沉着症] ·carbo-[碳]▲carbohydrate[碳水化合物] ▲carbohaemia[碳酸血症] ·carcino-[癌]▲carcinogen[致癌物] ·cardio-[心，贲门] ▲cardiotonics[强心剂] ▲cardioplasty[贲门成形术] ·-cele[疝，肿物] ▲omphalocele[脐疝] ▲hysterocele[子宫脱垂]▲ophthalmocele[眼球突出] ·celio-[腹] ▲celialgia[腹痛] ▲celioscopy[腹腔镜检查] ·-centesis[穿刺] ▲arthrocentesis[关节穿刺术] ▲abdominocentesis[腹穿] 3 回复：医学英语常用前后缀·cephalo-[头] ▲cephaloxia[斜颈] ▲cephalopathy[头部疾病] ▲cephalotomy[穿颅术] ·cerebello-[小脑] ▲cerebellitis[小脑炎]▲cerebellum[小脑] ·cerebro-[大脑] ▲cerebritis[大脑炎] ▲cerebrology[脑学] ·chemo-[化学] ▲chemotherapy[化疗] ·chloro-[绿，氯] ▲chloroform[氯仿]▲chloromycetin[氯霉素] ▲chlorophyll[叶绿素] ·cholangio-[胆道] ▲cholangitis[胆管炎] ▲cholangiectasis[胆管扩张] ·cholo-[胆] ▲cholagogue[利胆剂]▲cholelithiasis[胆石症] ▲cholecystitis[胆囊炎] ▲cholesterol[胆固醇] ·chondro-[软骨] ▲chondrosarcoma[软骨肉瘤] ▲chondrification[骨软化] ·chromo-[色素] ▲cytochrome[细胞色素] ▲chromosome[染色体] ·-cide[杀……剂] ▲germicide[杀菌剂] ▲aborticide[堕胎药] ·circum-[周围] ▲ci rcumoral[口周的] ▲circumcision[包皮环切术] ·coagulo-[凝固] ▲coagulant[凝血剂] ·colo-[结肠]▲colotomy[结肠切开术] ▲coloptosis[结肠下垂] ·colpo (coleo)-[阴道]▲coleospastia[阴道痉挛] ▲colposcope[阴道镜] ·contra-[反，逆]▲contraindication[禁忌证] ▲contraceptive[避孕药] ·counter-[反，逆]▲counteragent[拮抗剂] ▲conuterpoison[解毒剂] ·cranio-[颅] ▲craniomalacia[颅骨软化] ▲cranioclasis[碎颅术] ·-cyst-[囊] ▲cystomy[膀胱切开术]▲dacryocyst[泪囊] ·-cyte-[细胞] ▲lymphocyte[淋巴细胞] ▲cytolysis[细胞溶解] ·de-[除去] ▲detoxication[解毒] ·dento[牙] ▲dentistry[牙科学] ▲dentalgia[牙痛] ·-derm-[皮肤] ▲epiderm[表皮] ▲dermatology[皮肤病学] ▲dermoplasty[皮肤成形术] ·dextro-[右] ▲dextrocardia[右位心] ▲dexiotropic[右旋的] ·dis-[分离]▲discission[分离术] ▲disinfection[消毒法] ·duodeno-[十二指肠] ▲duodenitis[十二指肠炎] ▲duodenostomy[十二指肠造口术] ·-dynia[痛] ▲acrodynia[肢体痛]▲urethrodynia[尿道痛] ·dys-[异常] ▲dysfu nction[功能不良] ▲dyshormonism[内分泌障碍] ▲dysuria[排尿困难] ·-ectasis[扩张] ▲gastroectasis[胃扩张]▲aerenterectasia[肠胀气] ▲bronchiectasia[支气管扩张] ·-ectomy[切除术]▲appendectomy[阑尾切除术] ▲lipectomy[脂肪切除术] ·-edema[水肿]▲encephaledema[脑水肿] ▲myxedema[粘液性水肿] ·-emesia[呕]▲hematemesia[呕血] ▲helminthemesia[吐虫] ·encephalo-[脑] ▲encephaloma[脑瘤] ▲encephaledema[脑水肿] ·endo-[内] ▲endocarditis[心内膜炎] ▲endoscope[内窥镜] ·entero-[肠] ▲enteritis[肠炎] ▲enterovirus[肠病毒] ·epi-[上，外]▲epigastrium[上腹部] ·erythro-[红] ▲erythromycin[红霉素] ▲erythroderma[红皮病] ·esophago-[食管] ▲esophagoscope[食管镜] ▲esophagitis[食管炎] ·extra-[……外] ▲extracellular[细胞外的] ▲extrasystole[额外收缩] ·facio-[面] ▲facioplegia[面瘫] ▲facioplasty[面部成形术] ·-fast[耐] ▲acid-fast[抗酸的] ▲uviofast[耐紫外线] ·febri-[热] ▲febricula[低热] ▲febrifacient[致热的] ·feti-[胎儿] ▲feticulture[妊娠期卫生] ▲fetometry[胎儿测量法] ·fibro-[纤维] ▲fibroblast[成纤维细胞]▲fibrosis[纤维化] ·fore-[前] ▲forebrain[前脑] ▲forehead[前额] ·-form[形状]▲oviform[卵形的] ▲granuliform[颗粒状的] ·fungi-[真菌，霉菌] ▲fungicide[杀真菌剂] ▲fungistasis[制霉菌作用] ·gastro-[胃] ▲gastroptosis[胃下垂]▲gastroenteritis[胃肠炎] ▲gastroscopy[胃镜检查] ▲gastratrophy[胃萎缩] ·-gen [原，剂] ▲glycogen[糖原] ▲pathogen[病原体] ▲androgen[雄激素] ▲Estrogen[雌激素] ·-genic[……性] ▲cardiogenic[心源性的] ▲allergenic[变应反应] ·giganto-[巨大] ▲gigantocyte[巨红细胞] ▲gigantism[巨大症] ·gingivo-[牙龈] ▲gingivitis[牙龈炎] ▲gingivostomat itis[牙龈口腔炎] ·glosso-[舌]▲glossoplegia[舌瘫痪] ·gluco-[糖] ▲glucoprotein[糖蛋白] ▲glucocorticoid[糖皮质激素] ·glyco-[糖] ▲glycogen[糖原] ▲glycouria[糖尿] ·-grade[级，度]▲centigrade[摄氏温度计] ▲retrograde[逆行性] ·-gram[克，图] ▲microgram[微克] ▲electroencephalogram[脑电图] ·-graph(y)[……仪（法）] ▲electrocardiogram[心电图] ▲bronchography[支气管造影术] ·gyneco-[妇女] ▲gynecology[妇科学]▲gynecopathy[妇科病] ·hemo(hemato)-[血] ▲hemoglobin[血红蛋白] ▲ 4 回复：医学英语常用前后缀hematoma[血肿] ·hemi-[半] ▲hemiplegia[偏瘫]▲hemicrania[偏头病] ·hepato-[肝] ▲hepatitis[肝炎] ▲hepatocirrhosis[肝硬化]▲hepatosplenomegaly[肝脾肿大] ·hidro-[汗] ▲hyperhidrosis[多汗症]▲anhidrosis[无汗症] ·histo-[组织] ▲histology[组织学] ▲histomorphology[组织形态学] ·holo-[全] ▲holonarcosis[全麻] ▲holoenzyme[全酶] ·homo-[同]▲homotype[同型] ▲homologue[同系物] ▲homoplasty[同种移植术] ·hydro-[水]▲hydropericardium[心包积水] ▲hydrolysis [水解] ·hypr-[高] ▲hypercalcemia[高钙血症] ▲hyperthyroidism[甲亢] ·hypno-[睡眼] ▲hypnotics[安眠药]▲hypnotherapy[催眠疗法] ·hypo-[低] ▲hypotension[低血压] ▲hypoglycemia[低血糖] ·hystero-[子宫] ▲hysterospasm[子宫痉挛] ▲hysteroptosis[子宫下垂] ·-ia[病] ▲melancholia[忧郁症] ▲pyr exia[发热] ·-iatrics[医学] ▲pediatrics[儿科学]▲geriatrics[老年病学] ·-iatry[医学] ▲psychiatry[精神病学] ▲pediatry[儿科学] ·immuno-[免疫] ▲immunoglobulin[免疫球蛋白] ▲immunotherapy[免疫疗法] ·infra-[下] ▲infraorbital[眶下的] ▲infrared[红外线] ·inter-[间]▲intervertebral[椎间的] ▲intercellular[细胞间的] ·intra-[内] ▲intravenous[静脉内的] ▲intracranial[颅内的] ▲intramuscular[肌肉内的] ·-ist[家] ▲pathologist[病理学家] ▲anatomist[解剖学家] ·-itis[炎症] ▲cellulitis[蜂窝织炎] ▲myocarditis[心肌炎] ·leuco (leuko)-[白] ▲leucorrhea[白带] ▲leukocytosis[白细胞增多]▲leukemia[白血病] ·lipo-(脂) ▲lipotrophy[脂肪增多] ▲lipase[脂酶] ·-lith[结石]▲cholelith[胆结石] ▲cholelithiasis[胆石症] ·-logy[学] ▲terminology[术语学]▲Cardiology[心脏病学] ·lumbo-[腰] ▲lumbosacral[腰骶部的] ▲lumbago[腰背痛] ▲lumbodynia[腰痛] ·lympho-[淋巴] ▲lymphedema[淋巴水肿]▲lymphocytopenia[淋巴细胞减少] ·-lysis(lytic)[松解，分解了] ▲ayt hrolysis[关节松解术] ▲spasmolytic[解痉的] ·macro-[大] ▲macrophage[巨噬细胞]▲macromolecule[大分子] ·mal-[不良] ▲malnutrition[营养不良] ▲malfunction[功能不全] ·-megaly[巨大] ▲cardiomegaly[心扩大] ▲cephalomegaly[巨头畸形] ·meningo-[脑膜] ▲meningitis[脑膜炎] ▲meningocephalitis[脑膜脑炎] ·meno-[月经] ▲dys menorrhea[痛经] ▲menopause[停经] ·-meter[表，计]▲spirometer[肺活量计] ▲pyrometer[高温表] ·-metry[测量法] ▲iodometry[碘定量法] ·micro-[小] ▲micropump[微泵] ▲microliter[微升] ·mono-[单-]▲mononucleosis[单核细胞增多] ▲monomer[单体] ·multi-[多] ▲multinuclear[多核的] ▲multipara[经产妇] ·myelo-[髓] ▲mye locele[脊髓膨出] ▲myelocyte[髓细胞] ·myo-[肌] ▲myocarditis[心肌炎] ▲myofibroma[肌纤维瘤] ·naso-[鼻]▲nasoscope[鼻镜] ▲nasitis[鼻炎] ·neo-[新] ▲neoplasm[瘤] ▲neomycin[新霉素] ·nephro-[肾] ▲nephropathy[肾病] ▲nephrosclerosis[肾硬变] ·neuro-[神经]▲neuroma[神经瘤] ▲neurodermatitis[神经性皮炎] ·non-[非] ▲non-electrolyte[非电解质] ▲nonfetal[非致命的] ·nulli-[无] ▲nullipara[未产妇] ▲nulligravida[未孕妇] ·nutri-[营养] ▲nutrition[营养] ▲nutrology[营养学] ·oculo-[眼] ▲oculist[眼科医生] ▲oculus dexter[右眼] ▲oculus sinister[左眼] 5 回复：医学英语常用前后缀·oligo-[少] ▲oligophrenia[智力发育不全] ▲oliguria[少尿] ·-oma[肿瘤]▲adenoma[腺瘤] ▲osteoma[骨瘤] ·onco-[肿瘤] ▲oncology[肿瘤学]▲oncogene[癌基因] ·ophthalmo-[眼] ▲ophthalmocele[眼球突出]▲ophthalmoplegia[眼肌麻痹] ·-osis[病] ▲cirrhosis[肝硬化] ▲mycosis[霉菌病] ·osteo-[骨] ▲osteomalacia[骨软化] ▲osteoarthritis[骨关节炎] ·oto-[耳]▲otolith[耳石] ▲ot oplasty[耳成形术] ▲otopyosis[耳化脓] ·pan-[全]▲panimmunity[多种免疫] ▲pantalgia[全身痛] ▲pantatrophia[全身营养不良] ·-para[产妇] ▲primipara[初产妇] ▲nullipara[未产妇] ·-pathy[病]▲dermatopathy[皮肤病] ▲Cardiomyopathy[心肌病] ·pedia-[儿童]▲pediatrician[儿科医师] ▲pediatrics[儿科学] ·-penia[减少] ▲leuc openia[白细胞减少] ▲thrombopenia[血小板减少] ·per-[经] ▲percutaneous[经皮肤的] ·peri-[周围] ▲pericarditis[心包炎] ▲perianal[肛周的] ·pharmaco-[药]▲pharmacokinetics[药代动力学] ▲physicochemistry[药典] ·physio-[物理▲physiotheraphy[理疗] ▲physicochemistry[物理化学] ·-plasty[成形术]▲angioplasty[血管成形术] ▲homoplasty[同种移植] ▲gastroplasty[胃成形术] ·-plegia[瘫] ▲paraplegia[截瘫] ▲hemiplegia[偏瘫] ·pleuro-[胸膜]▲pleuritis[胸膜炎] ▲pleurocentesis[胸腔穿刺术] ·-pnea[呼吸] ▲orthopnea[端坐呼吸] ▲tachypnea[呼吸急促] ·pneumo-[气，肺] ▲pneumothorax[气胸]▲pneumococcus[肺炎球菌] ·poly-[多] ▲polyuria[多尿] ▲polycholia[胆汗过多] ·post-[后] ▲postpartum[产后] ▲postoperation[术后] ·pre-[前]▲premenopause[绝经前期] ▲premature[早搏] ▲preload[前负荷] ·pseudo-[假]▲psudohypertrophy[假性肥大] ▲psudomembranous[假膜的] ·psycho-[精神，心理] ▲psychology[心理学] ▲psychiatry[精神病学] ·-ptosis[下垂] ▲nephropto sis[肾下垂] ▲hysteroptosis[子宫下垂] ·-ptysis[咯] ▲pyoptysis[咯脓] ▲hemoptysis[咯血] ·pyo-[脓] ▲pyorrhea[溢脓] ▲pyosis[化脓] ·radio-[放射] ▲radiotherapy[放疗] ▲radiology[放射学] ·recto-[直肠] ▲rectitis[直肠炎] ▲rectectomy[直肠切除术] ·retino-[视网膜] ▲retinitis[视网膜炎] ▲retinodialysis[视网膜分离] ·rhino-[鼻] ▲rhinitis[鼻炎] ▲rhinorrhea[鼻漏] ·-rrhagia[出血] ▲gastorrhagia[胃出血]▲hemorrhage[出血] ▲pneumorrhagia[肺出血] ·-rrhaphy[缝合术]▲neurorrhaphy[神经缝合术] ▲Vasorrhaphy[输卵管缝合术] ·-rrhea[流出]▲diarrhea[腹泻] ▲menorrhea[月经] ·schisto-[裂] ▲schistosomiasis[血吸虫病]▲schistoglossi a[舌裂] ·scirrho-[硬] ▲scirrhosarca[硬皮病] ▲scirrhoma[硬癌] ·sclero-[硬] ▲scleroderma[硬皮病] ▲sclerometer[硬度计] ·-scope(y)[镜，检查] ▲stethoscope[听诊器] ▲otoscope[耳镜] ▲proctoscopy[直肠镜检查法] ·semi-[半] ▲semicoma[半昏迷] ▲semiliquid[半流汁] ·spondylo-[脊椎] ▲spondylopathy[脊椎病] ▲spondyl itis[脊椎炎] ·-stomy[造口术] ▲colostomy[结肠造口术]▲ilecolostomy[回结肠吻合术] ·sub-[下，亚] ▲subacute[亚急性]▲subabdominal[下腹部的] ·super-[在…上] ▲superficial[浅的] ▲superoxide[超氧化物] ·supra-[上] ▲supraventricular[室上性的] ▲suprarenalism[肾上腺机能亢进] ·tachy-[快] ▲tachycardia[心动过速] ▲tachypnea[呼吸急促] ·-therapy[治疗]▲massotherapy[按摩治疗] ▲pharmacotherapy[药物治疗] ·thermo-[热]▲thermometer[温度计] ▲thermatology[热疗学] ·thrombo-[血栓，血小板]▲thrombolysis[溶栓] ▲thrombocytopenia[血小板减少症]▲thrombosis[血] ·-tomy[切开术] ▲tracheotomy[气管切开术] ▲ovariotomy[卵巢切开术] ·tracheo-[气管] ▲tracheoscope[气管镜] ▲tracheorrhagia[气管出血] ·trans-[经，转移] ▲transurethral[经尿道] ▲transfusion[输血] ·-trophy[营养]▲dystrophy[营养不良] ▲atrophy[萎缩] ·ultra-[超过] ▲ultraviolet[紫外线]▲ultrasound[超声] ·utero-[子宫] ▲uteroscope[子宫镜] ▲uterotonic[宫缩剂] ·vaso-[血管] ▲vasomotion[血管舒缩] ▲Vasodilator[血管扩张剂] 6 回复：医学英语常用前后缀·cephalo-[头] ▲cephaloxia[斜颈] ▲cephalopathy[头部疾病]▲cephalotomy[穿颅术] ·cerebello-[小脑] ▲cerebellitis[小脑炎] ▲cerebellum[小脑] ·cerebro-[大脑] ▲cerebritis[大脑炎] ▲cerebrology[脑学] ·chemo-[化学]▲chemotherapy[化疗] ·chloro-[绿，氯] ▲chloroform[氯仿] ▲chloromycetin[氯霉素] ▲chlorophyll[叶绿素] ·cholangio-[胆道] ▲cholangitis[胆管炎]▲cholangiectasis[胆管扩张] ·cholo-[胆] ▲cholagogue[利胆剂] ▲cholelithiasis[胆石症] ▲cholecystitis[胆囊炎] ▲cholesterol[胆固醇] ·chondro-[软骨]▲chondrosarcoma[软骨肉瘤] ▲chondrification[骨软化] ·chromo-[色素]▲cytochrome[细胞色素] ▲chromosome[染色体] ·-cide[杀……剂] ▲germicide[杀菌剂] ▲aborticide[堕胎药] ·circum-[周围] ▲circumoral[口周的] ▲circumcision[包皮环切术] ·coagulo-[凝固] ▲coagulant[凝血剂] ·colo-[结肠] ▲colotomy[结肠切开术] ▲coloptosis[结肠下垂] ·colpo (coleo)-[阴道] ▲coleospastia[阴道痉挛]▲colpos cope[阴道镜] ·contra-[反，逆] ▲contraindication[禁忌证]▲contraceptive[避孕药] ·counter-[反，逆] ▲counteragent[拮抗剂]▲conuterpoison[解毒剂] ·cranio-[颅] ▲craniomalacia[颅骨软化] ▲cranioclasis[碎颅术] ·-cyst-[囊] ▲cystomy[膀胱切开术] ▲dacryocyst[泪囊] ·-cyte-[细胞]▲lymphocyte[淋巴细胞] ▲cytolysis[细胞溶解] ·de-[除去] ▲detoxication[解毒] ·dento[牙] ▲dentistry[牙科学] ▲dentalgia[牙痛] ·-derm-[皮肤] ▲epiderm[表皮] ▲dermatology[皮肤病学] ▲dermoplasty[皮肤成形术] ·dextro-[右]▲dextrocardia[右位心] ▲dexiotropic[右旋的] ·dis-[分离] ▲discission[分离术]▲disinfection[消毒法] ·duodeno-[十二指肠] ▲duode nitis[十二指肠炎]▲duodenostomy[十二指肠造口术] ·-dynia[痛] ▲acrodynia[肢体痛]▲urethrodynia[尿道痛] ·dys-[异常] ▲dysfunction[功能不良] ▲dyshormonism[内分泌障碍] ▲dysuria[排尿困难] ·-ectasis[扩张] ▲gastroectasis[胃扩张]▲aerenterectasia[肠胀气] ▲bronchiectasia[支气管扩张] ·-ectomy[切除术]▲appendectomy[阑尾切除术] ▲lipectomy[脂肪切除术] ·-edema[水肿]▲encephaledema[脑水肿] ▲myxedema[粘液性水肿] ·-emesia[呕]▲hematemesia[呕血] ▲helminthemesia[吐虫] ·encephalo-[脑] ▲encephaloma[脑瘤] ▲encephaledema[脑水肿] ·endo-[内] ▲endocarditis[心内膜炎] ▲endoscope[内窥镜] ·entero-[肠] ▲enteritis[肠炎] ▲enterovir us[肠病毒] ·epi-[上，外]▲epigastrium[上腹部] ·erythro-[红] ▲erythromycin[红霉素] ▲erythroderma[红皮病] ·esophago-[食管] ▲esophagoscope[食管镜] ▲esophagitis[食管炎] ·extra-[……外] ▲extracellular[细胞外的] ▲extrasystole[额外收缩] ·facio-[面] ▲facioplegia[面瘫] ▲facioplasty[面部成形术] ·-fast[耐] ▲ac id-fast[抗酸的] ▲uviofast[耐紫外线] ·febri-[热] ▲febricula[低热] ▲febrifacient[致热的] ·feti-[胎儿] ▲feticulture[妊娠期卫生] ▲fetometry[胎儿测量法] ·fibro-[纤维] ▲fibroblast[成纤维细胞] 7 回复：医学英语常用前后缀▲fibrosis[纤维化] ·fore-[前] ▲forebrain[前脑]▲forehead[前额] ·-form[形状] ▲oviform[卵形的] ▲granuli form[颗粒状的] ·fungi-[真菌，霉菌] ▲fungicide[杀真菌剂] ▲fungistasis[制霉菌作用] ·gastro-[胃] ▲gastroptosis[胃下垂] ▲gastroenteritis[胃肠炎] ▲gastroscopy[胃镜检查] ▲gastratrophy[胃萎缩] ·-gen [原，剂] ▲glycogen[糖原] ▲pathogen[病原体] ▲androgen[雄激素] ▲Estrogen[雌激素] ·-genic[……性] ▲cardiogenic[心源性的] ▲allergenic[变应反应] ·giganto-[巨大] ▲gigantocyte[巨红细胞]▲gigantism[巨大症] ·gingivo-[牙龈] ▲gingivitis[牙龈炎] ▲gingivostomatitis[牙龈口腔炎] ·glosso-[舌] ▲glossoplegia[舌瘫痪] ·gluco-[糖] ▲glucoprotein[糖蛋白]▲glucocorticoid[糖皮质激素] ·glyco-[糖] ▲glycogen[糖原] ▲glycouria[糖尿] ·-grade[级，度] ▲centigrade[摄氏温度计] ▲retrograde[逆行性] ·-gram[克，图] ▲microgram[微克] ▲electroencephalogram[脑电图] ·-graph(y)[……仪（法）]▲electrocardiogram[心电图] ▲bronchography[支气管造影术] ·gyneco-[妇女]▲gynecology[妇科学] ▲gynecopathy[妇科病] ·hemo(hemato)-[血]▲hemoglobin[血红蛋白] ▲hematoma[血肿] ·hemi-[半] ▲hemiplegia[偏瘫]▲hemicrania[偏头病] ·hepato-[肝] ▲hepatitis[肝炎] ▲hepatocirrhosis[肝硬化]▲hepatosplenomegaly[肝脾肿大] ·hidro-[汗] ▲hyperhidrosis[多汗症]▲anhidrosis[无汗症] ·histo-[组织] ▲histology[组织学] ▲histomorphology[组织形态学] ·holo-[全] ▲holonarcosis[全麻] ▲holoe nzyme[全酶] ·homo-[同]▲homotype[同型] ▲homologue[同系物] ▲homoplasty[同种移植术] ·hydro-[水]▲hydropericardium[心包积水] ▲hydrolysis [水解] ·hypr-[高] ▲hypercalcemia[高钙血症] ▲hyperthyroidism[甲亢] ·hypno-[睡眼] ▲hypnotics[安眠药]▲hypnotherapy[催眠疗法] ·hypo-[低] ▲hypotension[低血压] ▲hypogl ycemia[低血糖] ·hystero-[子宫] ▲hysterospasm[子宫痉挛] ▲hysteroptosis[子宫下垂] ·-ia[病] ▲melancholia[忧郁症] ▲pyrexia[发热] ·-iatrics[医学] ▲pediatrics[儿科学]▲geriatrics[老年病学] ·-iatry[医学] ▲psychiatry[精神病学] ▲pediatry[儿科学] ·immuno-[免疫] ▲immunoglobulin[免疫球蛋白] ▲immunotherapy[免疫疗法] ·infra-[下] ▲infraorbital[眶下的] ▲infrared[红外线] ·inter-[间]▲intervertebral[椎间的] ▲intercellular[细胞间的] ·intra-[内] ▲intravenous[静脉内的] ▲intracranial[颅内的] ▲intramuscular[肌肉内的] ·-ist[家] ▲pathologist[病理学家] ▲anatomist[解剖学家] ·-itis[炎症] ▲cellulitis[蜂窝织炎] ▲myocarditis[心肌炎] ·leuco (leuko)-[白] ▲leucorrhea[白带] ▲leukocytosis[白细胞增多]▲leukemia[白血病] ·lipo-(脂) ▲lipotrophy[脂肪增多] ▲lipase[脂酶] ·-lith[结石] ▲cholelith[胆结石] ▲cholelithiasis[胆石症] ·-logy[学] ▲terminology[术语学]▲Cardiology[心脏病学] ·lumbo-[腰] ▲lumbosacral[腰骶部的] ▲lumbago[腰背痛] ▲l umbodynia[腰痛] ·lympho-[淋巴] ▲lymphedema[淋巴水肿]▲lymphocytopenia[淋巴细胞减少] ·-lysis(lytic)[松解，分解了] ▲aythrolysis[关节松解术] ▲spasmolytic[解痉的] ·macro-[大] ▲macrophage[巨噬细胞]▲macromolecule[大分子] ·mal-[不良] ▲malnutrition[营养不良] ▲malfunction[功能不全] ·-megaly[巨大] ▲cardiomegaly[心扩大] ▲cephalomegaly[巨头畸形] ·meningo-[脑膜] ▲meningitis[脑膜炎] ▲meningocephalitis[脑膜脑炎] ·meno-[月经] ▲dysmenorrhea[痛经] ▲menopause[停经] ·-meter[表，计]▲spirometer[肺活量计] ▲pyrometer[高温表] ·-metry[测量法] ▲iodometry[碘定量法] ·micro-[小] ▲micropump[微泵] ▲microliter[微升] ·mono-[单-]▲mononucleosis[单核细胞增多] ▲monomer[单体] ·multi-[多] ▲multinuclear[多核的] ▲multipara[经产妇] ·myelo-[髓] ▲myelocele[脊髓膨出] ▲myelocyte[髓细胞] ·myo-[肌] ▲myocarditis[心肌炎] ▲myofibroma[肌纤维瘤] ·naso-[鼻]▲nasoscope[鼻镜] ▲nasitis[鼻炎] ·neo-[新] ▲neoplasm[瘤] ▲neomycin[新霉素] ·nephro-[肾] ▲nephropathy[肾病] ▲nephrosclerosis[肾硬变] ·neuro-[神经]▲neuroma[神经瘤] ▲neurodermatitis[神经性皮炎] ·non-[非] ▲non-electrolyte[非电解质] ▲nonfetal[非致命的] ·nulli-[无] ▲nullipara[未产妇] ▲nulligravida[未孕妇] ·nutri-[营养] ▲nutrition[营养] ▲nutrology[营养学] ·oculo-[眼] ▲oculist[眼科医生] ▲o culus dexter[右眼] ▲oculus sinister[左眼]医学英语缩写一览表医学英语缩写一览表·aa.-of each[各] ·Ab.-antibody[抗体] ·abd.-abdomen[腹部] ·ABG-arterial blood gas[动脉血气] ·abn.-abnormal[异常] ·ABp-arterial blood pressure[动脉压] ·Abs.-absent[无] ·abstr.-abstract[摘要] ·a.c.-before meals[饭前] ·Ach.-actylcholine[乙酰胆碱] ·ACH.-adrenal cortical hormone[肾上腺皮质激素] ·ACT.-active coagulative time[活化凝血时间] ·ACTH.-adrenocorticotripic[促肾上腺皮质激素] ·ad.(add.)-adde[加] ·ad effect.-ad effectum [直到有效] ·ADH.-antidiuretic hormone[抗利尿激素] ·ad lib-at liesure[随意] ·adm.(admin)-adminstration[给药] ·ad us est.-for external use[外用] ·af.-atrial fibrillation[房颤] ·aF.-atrial flutter[房扑] ·A/G ratio.-albumin-globulin ratio[白-球蛋白比] ·AIDS.-acquired immune deficiency syndrome[爱滋病] ·al.-left ear[左耳] ·alb.-albumin[白蛋白] ·AM.-before noon[上午] ·amb.-ambulance[救护车] ·amp.(ampul)-ampoule[安瓿] ·ANA.-anesthesia[麻醉] ·anal.-analgesic[镇痛药] ·ap.-before dinner[饭前] ·appr.(approx.)-approximately [大约] ·AR.-aortic regurgitation[主闭] ·AS.-aortic stenosis[主狭] ·ASA.-aspirin[阿斯匹林] ·ASD.-atrial septal defect[房缺] ·AST.-aspartate transaminase[谷草转氨酶] ·atm.(atmos.)-atomsphere[大气压] ·ATS.-antitetanic serum[抗破伤风血清] ·av.-average[平均] ·Ba.-Barium[钡] ·BBT.-basal body temperature[基础体温] ·BCG.-bacille Calmette- Guerin[卡介苗] ·biblio.-biliography[参考文献] ·bid.-twice a day[每日二次] ·b.m.-basal metabolism[基础代谢] ·Bp.-blood pressure[血压] ·bpm-baets per minute[次/分] ·BS.-blood sugar[血糖] ·BW.-body weight[体重] ·C.- centigrade[摄氏温度计] ·CA.-carcinoma[癌] ·Cal.-cancer[癌] ·Cal. – calorie[卡] ·Cap. – capsule[囊] ·C.B.C-complete blood count[血常规] ·CC.-chief complaint[主诉] ·CC. list.-critical condition list[病危通知单] ·CCU.- Coronary care unit[冠心病监护室] ·CD.-caesarean delivered[剖腹产] ·CDC.-calculated date of confinement[预产期] ·CEA.-carcinoembryonic antigen[癌胚抗原] ·CG.-control group[对照组] ·CK.-creatine kinase[肌酸激酶] ·Cl.-centilitre[毫开] ·cm.-centimetre[毫米] ·CNS.-central nervous system[中枢神经系统] ·Co.-compound[复方] ·contra.-contraindicated[禁忌] ·CT.- computerizedtomography[计算机断层扫描] ·C.V-curriculum vitae[简历] ·DBp-diastolic blood pressure[舒张压] ·DD.- differential diagnosis[鉴别诊断] ·dept.-department[科] ·diag.-diagonsis[诊断] ·DIC-disseminate intravascular coagulation[弥漫性血管内凝血] ·dl.-deciliter[分升] ·DM.-diabetic mellitus[糖尿病] ·DM.-diastolic murmur[舒张期杂音] ·D.O.A-dead on arrival[到达时已死亡] ·DOB.-date of birth[出生日期] ·Dr.-doctor[医生] ·DIW.-dextrose in water[葡萄糖液] ·D-5-W,-5% dextrose in water[5%葡萄糖液] ·DU-duodenal ulcer[十二指肠溃疡] ·ECG.(EKG.)- electrocardiograph[心电图] ·ECHO .-echogram[超声] ·EDD.(EDC)-expected date of delivery (confinement)[预产期] ·ENT. – ears, nose and throat[五官科] ·EMG. – electromyogram[肌电图] ·ER. – emergency room[急诊室] ·et al.-and elsewhere[等等] ·etc. – and so forth[等等] ·F.(Fahr.)-Fahrenheit [华氏] ·F- Female[女性] ·F.B.S.- fasting blood sugar[空腹血糖] ·FDP.-fibrinogen degradation products[纤维蛋白原降解产物] ·FFA. – free fatty acid[游离脂肪酸] ·FUO. – fever of unknown origin[不明原因发热] ·FX. – fracture [骨折] ·GH. –growth hormone[生长素] ·GI.- gastrointestinal[消化] ·GITS. – gastrointestinal therapy system[胃肠治疗系统] ·gtt. – drops[滴] ·GU.- gastric ulcer[胃溃疡] ·Hb. –hemoglobin[血红蛋白] ·HBp.-high blood pressure[高血压] ·HCG. – human choroionic gonadotropic hormone[人绒毛膜促性腺激素] ·HDL.- high density lipoprotein[高密度脂蛋白] ·HR.-heart rate[心率] ·ht.-height[身高] ·HTN.-hypertension[高血压] ·Hx.-history [病历] ·Hypo.-hypodermicinjection[皮下注射] ·IABP.-intra – aortic balloon pacing[主动脉内囊反搏] ·I/O.-intake and output [进出量] ·ICU. – intensive care unit[重症监护病房] ·ie. –that is [即] ·Ig. – immunoglobulin[免疫球蛋白] ·Im. – iutramuscular[肌内的] ·INH.- inhalation[吸入] ·INH.- isoniazid[异烟肼] ·Inj.- injection[注射] ·Int.- intern[实习生] ·IP.- in-patient[住院病入] ·Iu.- international unit[国防单位] ·IV.-intravenously[静脉内] ·J.- joule[焦耳] ·K.U.B- Kidney,ureter andbladder[肾、输尿管和膀胱] ·LBp.-low blood pressure [低血压] ·LC. – laparoscopic cholecystectomy[腹腔镜胆囊切除术] ·LDL.-Low density lipoprotein[低密度脂蛋白] ·Liq. – liquid[液体] ·LMP.- last menstrual period[未次月经] ·LP. –lumbar。

N OTE: In panels where this feature is not available, the MRI-5351AP will default to a 135°F fixed heat detector. MRI-5351RAP will default to a 135°F fixed heat detector and rate-of-rise. MRI-5351HAP will default to a 190°F high temperature heat detector.Intelligent programmable temperature sensors require compatible addressable communications to function properly. Connect these sensors to listed-compat-ible control panels only.WIRING GUIDEAll wiring must be installed in compliance with the National Electrical Code, applicable local codes and the Authority Having J urisdiction. Proper wire gauges should be used. The installation wires should be color coded to limit wiring mistakes and ease system troubleshooting. Improper connections will prevent a system from responding properly in the event of a fire.Remove power from the communication line before installing sensors.1. W ire the sensor base (supplied separately) as shown in the wiringdiagram. (See Figure 2.)2.S et the desired address on the rotary dial switches. (See Figure 1.).3. I nstall the sensor into the sensor base. Push the sensor into the base while turning it clockwise to secure it in place.4. A fter all sensors have been installed, apply power to the control unit and activate the communication line.5.T est the sensor(s) as described in the TESTING section of this manual.FIGURE 2. WIRING DIAGRAM231233121(–)(+)+-U L L i s t e d C o m p a t i b l e C o n t r o l P a n e lCAUTION: Do not loop wire underterminal 1 or 2. Break wire run to supervise connections.CLASS A OPTIONAL WIRINGRemote Annunciator (–)(+)+–++–++–+C0129-10SPECIFICATIONSOperating Voltage Range:15 to 32 Volts DC PeakOperating Current @ 24 VDC: 200 uA (one communication every 5 seconds with green LED blink on communication)Maximum Alarm Current: 2 mA @ 24 VDC (one communication every 5 seconds with red LED solid on)Maximum Current:4.5 mA @ 24 VDC (one communication every 5 seconds with amber LED solid on)Operating Humidity Range: 10% to 93% Relative Humidity, Non-condensingInstallation T emperature: Set for fixed-temperature or rate-of-rise (ROR): –4°F to 115°F (–20°C to 47°C)Set for high-heat: –4°F to 150°F (–20°C to 66°C)Fixed T emperature Rating:135°F (57°C)High Heat T emperature Rating: 190°F (88°C)Rate-of Rise Detection: Responds to greater than 15°F/minute or 135°F (8.3°C/minute or 57°C) Height: 2.0˝ (51 mm) installed in B300-6 Base Diameter: 6.2˝ (156 mm) installed in B300-6 Base Weight:3.4 oz. (95 g)UL 521 listed for Heat DetectorsThis sensor must be installed in compliance with the control panel system installation manual. The installation must meet the requirements of the Au-thority Having Jurisdiction (AHJ). Sensors offer maximum performance when installed in compliance with the National Fire Protection Association (NFPA); see NFPA 72.Before installing sensors, please read the system wiring and installation man-ual thoroughly. This manual provides detailed information on sensor spac-ing, placement, zoning, and special applications. Copies of these manuals are available from Secutron.GENERAL DESCRIPTIONModels MRI-5351AP, MRI-5351RAP, and MRI-5351HAP are field programma-ble intelligent sensors that use a state-of-the-art thermistor sensing circuit for fast response. These sensors are designed to provide open area protection with 50-foot spacing capability as approved by UL 521. The intelligent temperature sensor can be programmed as either a 135°F fixed temperature sensor, a rate of rise and 135°F fixed temperature sensor or a 190°F high temperature sensor through the Fire Alarm Control Panel (FACP).T wo LEDs on each sensor light to provide a local, visible sensor indication. Remote LED annunciator capability is available as an optional accessory (Part No. RA100Z). Rotary dial switches are provided for setting the sensor's address. (See Figure 1.)FIGURE 1. ROTARY ADDRESS SWITCHESTENSONES91011121314158765432109876543210C0162-00Secutron panels offer different feature sets across different models. As a re-sult, certain features of the Intelligent Programmable T emperature Sensors may be available on some control panels, but not on others. MRI-5351AP, MRI-5351RAP, and MRI-5351HAP support Advanced Protocol and CLIP (Clas-sic Loop Interface Protocol) mode.The possible features available if supported by the control panel include:1.T he sensor’s LEDs can operate in three ways—on, off, and blinking–and they can be set to red, green, or amber. This is controlled by the panel.2. T he remote output may be synchronized to the LED operation or con-trolled independent of the LEDs. Please refer to the operation manual forthe UL listed control unit for specific operation of these models 3. D evices are point addressable up to 159 addresses.4.The heat sensor operates as a programmable heat detector.I56-6711-000INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE INSTRUCTIONSMRI-5351AP, MRI-5351RAP,and MRI-5351HAP Advanced ProtocolIntelligent Programmable Temperature Sensors25 Interchange Way, Vaughan ON, L4K 5W3PH: 905-695-35451 I56-6711-00011/09/2020TAMPER RESISTANCEIntelligent programmable temperature sensors include a tamper-resistant ca-pability that prevents removal from the base without the use of a tool. Refer to the base manual for details on making use of this capability.TESTINGBefore testing, notify the proper authorities that the system is undergoing maintenance, and will temporarily be out of service. Disable the system to prevent unwanted alarms.All sensors must be tested after installation and periodically thereafter. T est-ing methods must satisfy the Authority Having J urisdiction (AHJ). Sensors offer maximum performance when tested and maintained in compliance with NFPA 72.A. Test Magnet (Model No. M02-04 - optional)1. P lace the optional test magnet against the cover in the magnet testarea, as shown in Figure 3, to activate the test feature.2. T he LEDs should latch on within 10 seconds, indicating alarm andannunciating the panel.3. Reset the detector at the system control panel.B. Direct Heat Method (Hair dryer of 1000 – 1500 watts)1. F rom the side of the detector, direct the heat toward the sensor. Holdthe heat source about 6 inches (15 cm) away to prevent damage tothe cover during testing.2. T he LEDs on the detector should light when the temperature at thedetector reaches the alarm setpoint. If the LEDs fail to light, check thepower to the detector and the wiring in the detector base.3. Reset the detector at the system control panel.Detectors that fail these tests may need to be cleaned as described under CLEANING and retested.CLEANINGBefore removing the detector, notify the proper authorities that the smoke detector system is undergoing maintenance and will be temporarily out of service.Disable the zone or system undergoing maintenance to prevent unwanted alarms.1. R emove the sensor to be cleaned from the system.2. U se a vacuum cleaner or compressed air to remove dust and debris fromthe sensing area.3. R einstall the detector.4. T est the detector as described in TESTING.5. R econnect disabled circuits.6. N otify the proper authorities that the system is back on line.FM CLASSIFICATIONRTI ratings are for installations which must comply with FM 3210.135°F Fixed RTI: FASTRate of Rise/135°F Fixed RTI:V2-FAST190°F Fixed RTI: QUICK FIGURE 3. FEATURES OF THE HEAT DETECTORTC2025-00 FIGURE 4. CLEANING THE HEAT DETECTORC2026-00Secutron® is a registered trademark of Mircom Technologies, Ltd. FCC STATEMENTThis device complies with part 15 of the FCC Rules. Operation is subject to the following two conditions: (1) This device may not cause harmful interference, and (2) this device must accept any interference received, including interference that may cause undesired operation.NOTE: This equipment has been tested and found to comply with the limits for a Class B digital device, pursuant to Part 15 of the FCC Rules. These limits are designed to provide reasonable protection against harmful interference in a residential installation. This equipment generates, uses and can radiate radio frequency energy and, if not installed and used in accordance with the instructions, may cause harmful interference to radio communications. However, there is no guarantee that interference will not occur in a particular installation. If this equipment does cause harmful interference to radio or television recep-tion, which can be determined by turning the equipment off and on, the user is encouraged to try to correct the interference by one or more of the following measures:– Reorient or relocate the receiving antenna.– Increase the separation between the equipment and receiver.– C onnect the equipment into an outlet on a circuit different from that to which the receiver is con-nected.– Consult the dealer or an experienced radio/TV technician for help.DEVICE AND SYSTEM SECURITY Before installing this product ensure that the tamper seal on the packaging is present and unbroken and the product has not been tampered with since leaving the factory. Do not install this product if there are any indications of tampering. If there are any signs of tampering the product should be returned to the point of purchase.It is the responsibility of the system owner to ensure that all system components, i.e. devices, panels, wiring etc., are adequately protected to avoid tampering of the system that could result in information disclosure, spoofing, and integrity violation.SUPPLEMENTAL INFORMATIONFor Limitations of Fire Alarm Systems,please go to:/en-us/Documents/I56-1558.pdfLimitations ofFire Alarm Systems2 I56-6711-000©2020 Secutron. 11/09/2020。

第1章引言翻译：yingers, nancyxyz, 灵犀校对：Amygdala本书的目的是为读者介绍功能磁共振(fMRI)数据处理和分析的方法及基本原理。

1.1 fMRI简介从20世纪90年代开始，fMRI的发展引起了科学界的轰动。

图1.1所显示的是PubMed数据库中与这一技术相关的生物医学文献数量，从数据增长情况我们可以明显地看到fMRI的发展趋势。

在1996年，仅用一周的时间就可以阅读完所有的fMRI文献；但现在，甚至连前一周发表的文献都读不完。

fMRI技术之所以可以如此快速地发展，得益于它可以比PET更安全而无创伤的获取脑活动成像，并且具有更高的空间和相对较高的时间分辨率。

图1.1. 1992年以来，每年PubMed数据库符合这一查询结果（”fMRI”, “functional MRI” OR “functional magnetic resonance imaging”）的引文数量1.1.1 血流量与神经活动通常使用的fMRI技术所基于的原理是，如果大脑内神经活动增强，相应脑区的血流量就会增加。

这一现象已发现一百多年，但其背后的机制却并不明确。

更有趣的是，对活动脑区的供血量所承载的氧分子要多于活动神经元实际耗氧量。

因此，神经活动引起的血流量增加会带来相关区域血氧含量的提高。

fMRI信号正是取决于血氧水平变化，因而被称为血氧水平依赖信号，即BOLD (Blood Oxygenation Level Dependent)信号。

图1.2展示了一个血液动力学响应的例子，即由短暂神经活动所引起的的血流量的增加。

BOLD fMRI的血液动力学响应有两个主要特点，这两个特点决定了数据的分析方法。

一，血液动力学响应较慢。

神经活动也许仅持续几毫秒，但血流量达到其峰值需要5秒左右，然后在15-20秒返回至基线。

二，血液动力学响应可以大致看作线性非时变系统(Cohen, 1997; Boynton et al., 1996; Dale, 1999)。

核磁报告专业解读核磁共振成像（MRI）是一种非常重要的医学影像技术，它能够对人体某一部位进行断层成像，用来检测和诊断多种人体疾病。

核磁共振技术以其无创伤、无放射线、高分辨率等优点而受到广泛关注和应用。

在进行MRI检查后，患者会得到一份核磁共振报告，而且这份报告内容通常较为专业和繁琐，因此需要专业人士进行解读。

本文将对核磁共振报告进行专业解读，全面介绍核磁共振报告的内容和意义。

一、MRI报告包括的内容1. 患者资料MRI报告的首部通常包括患者的基本信息，如姓名、性别、年龄、住院号、检查号等。

这些信息方便医院对病人信息进行管理和核对。

2. MRI检查的目的MRI检查的目的通常会在报告中进行详细说明，例如在做脑部MRI检查的目的可能包括头痛、意识障碍、视觉异常等。

这有利于医生了解患者的主要症状，有针对性地进行解读。

3. 检查部位和方式MRI报告中通常会说明检查的具体部位，比如脑部、胸部、腹部等，还会说明使用的检查方式，比如常规T1加权、T2加权或者脂肪抑制序列等。

这有助于医生理解检查的具体流程和操作方式。

4. 检查所见这是MRI报告的核心内容，会详细描述所检查部位及周围组织器官的结构、信号强度、病变、异常情况等。

比如在脑部MRI报告中可能描述有无异常信号、有无血肿、占位性病变等。

这些内容对医生来说是非常重要的参考信息，有助于他们判断病变情况。

5. 主要印象和诊断建议在MRI报告的通常会对检查结果进行归纳，提炼出主要的印象和诊断建议。

这一部分是医生进行诊断和治疗规划的重要依据，可以用来指导后续的医疗工作。

二、MRI报告的专业解读MRI报告的专业解读需要由具备丰富临床经验的放射科医生进行，他们能够准确把握MRI影像的特点，结合患者的临床表现进行专业的解读。

1. 结构解剖和异常体征专业医生会对MRI影像中的各种解剖结构和异常体征进行详细审阅和解读，包括信号的特点、大小、位置、边界等。

对于正常结构和异常体征的识别需要经验和专业知识的支持。

影像研究与医学应用2021年4月第5卷第8期〔论著］CT与MRI诊断肝脏不同肿瘤性病变的影像表现与对比分析徐杰(广饶县人民医院影像科山东东营257300)【摘要】目的：对比CT与MRI诊断肝脏不同肿瘤性病变的影像表现，判断不同检査方法对肝脏肿瘤的诊断价值。

方法：选取我院2015年7月一2020年9月接收的肝脏肿瘤患者87例为此次研究对象，所有患者均釆用CT与MRI进行检査，观察其影像学特点并研究两种检査方法在肝脏肿瘤诊断中的价值，对比两种检査方法在肝脏肿瘤诊断中的检出率。

结果经检査共检出96个病灶，CT平扫高密度病灶有2个，等密度病灶有16个，低密度病灶有23个；MRI平扫高信号有4个，等信号有19个，低信号有32个。

CT和MRI在肝血管瘤、肝转移瘤、原发性肝癌、局灶性结节增生检出率对比无统计学意义(P>0.05)。

结论：釆用CT和MRI对肝脏肿瘤患者诊断时其检出率无明显差别，在临床实际诊断过程中应根据患者的实际病情选择合适的检査方法以保证其诊断的准确性，降低误诊及漏诊的发生，促使患者能及时得到有效的治疗。

【关键词】肝脏肿瘤；CT;MRI；鉴别诊断【中图分类号】R445.1【文献标识码】A【文章编号】2096-3807(2021)08-0023-03CT and mri diagnosis of d ifferent liver tumor imaging Matures and comparative analysisXu JieDepartment of I maging,Guangao County P eople's Hospital,Dongyng,Shandong257300,china[Abstract]Objective To compare the imaging manifestations of CT and MRI in the diagnosis of liver tumors,and to determine the diagnostic value of different examination methods for liver tumors.Methods A total of87patients with liver tumors received in our hospital fom July2015to September2020were selected as the research objects.All patients were examined by CT and MRI. The imaging characteristics were observed and the two examination methods were studied in the liver.The value of t umor diagnosis, compare the detection rate of two inspection methods in liver tumor diagnosis.Results A total of96lesions were detected after inspection.CT plain scan had2high-density lesions,16iso-density lesions,and23low-density lesions;MRI plain scan had 4high-intensity lesions and19iso-intensity lesions.There are32low signal.CT and MRI showed no statistical significance in the detection rates of liver hemangioma,liver metastases,primary liver cancer,and focal nodular hyperplasia P>0.05.Conclusion There is no significant difference in the detection rate of patients with liver tumors using CT and MRI.In the actual clinical diagnosis process, appropriate examination methods should be selected according to the patient's actual condition to ensure the accuracy of t he diagnosis and reduce the misdiagnosis and missed diagnosis.Occurs,prompting patients to receive effective treatment in time.[Key words]Liver tumor;CT;MRI;Differential diagnosis肝脏肿瘤在临床中比较常见，分为良性和恶性，主要包括有肝血管瘤、肝转移瘤、原发性肝癌、局灶性结节增生，其中恶性肿瘤中原发性肝癌具有较高的发病率、预后差，会对患者的生活质量及生命造成严重影响；良性肿瘤中肝血管瘤比较常见，较小者一般无任何症状，较大者需要外科手术干预，治愈率较高。

核磁共振常用术语1、磁共振(mageticresonance, MR)：在恒定磁场中的核子，在相应的射频脉冲激发后，其电磁能量的吸收和释放，称为磁共振。

2、TR(repetition time)：又称重复时间。

MRI的信号很弱，为提高MR的信噪比，要求重复使用同一种脉冲序列，这个重复激发的间隔时间即称TR。

3、TE(echedelay time)：又称回波时间，即射频脉冲放射后到采集回波信号之间的时间。

4、序列(sequence)：指检查中使用的脉冲程序-组合。

常用的有自旋回波(SE)，快速自旋回波(FSE)，梯度回波(GE)，翻转恢复序列(IR)，平面回波序列(EP)。

5、加权像(weight image, WI)：为了评判被检测组织的各种参数，通过调节重复时间TR。

回波时间TE，可以得到突出某种组织特征参数的图像，此图像称为加权像。

6、流空效应(flowingvoid effect)：心血管内的血液由于流动迅速，使发射MR信号的氢质子离开接受范围，而测不到MR信号。

7、MR血管成像：有两种血管成像的模式，一是时间飞越法time Of flight即TOF法；二是相位对比法phase contrast即PC法。

前者通过血流的质子群与静止组织之间的纵向矢量变化来成像，后者通过相位对比变化而区别周围静止组织，突出重建血管图像。

目前以TOP 法临床应用较广泛。

8、MR水成像：根据TW2图像，可以抑制其它的组织，只显示静止的水份，这一技术可作脑室成像、胆道成像、尿路成像等。

9、弛豫：在射频脉冲的激发下，人体组织内氢质子吸收能量处于激发状态。

射频脉冲终止后，处于激发状态的氢质子恢复其原始状态，这个过程称为弛豫。

中英文磁共振成像报告
磁共振成像是一种非侵入性的医学检查方法，通过利用不同组织在磁场中的信号特征，可以获得图像信息并对病变进行诊断。

本报告旨在分析患者的磁共振成像结果，以便提供相关诊断和治疗建议。

患者信息
- 姓名：[患者姓名]
- 性别：[患者性别]
- 年龄：[患者年龄]
- 临床症状：[患者主要症状]
磁共振成像结果
头部扫描
- T1加权成像：[描述T1加权成像结果]
- T2加权成像：[描述T2加权成像结果]
- 弥散加权成像：[描述弥散加权成像结果]
- 四维磁共振血流成像：[描述四维磁共振血流成像结果]
躯干扫描
- 胸部磁共振成像：[描述胸部扫描结果]
- 腹部磁共振成像：[描述腹部扫描结果]
- 骨盆磁共振成像：[描述骨盆扫描结果]
诊断结果
[根据磁共振成像结果，给出对患者的诊断结果和相关建议。

确保遵循保护患者隐私的原则，不透露具体疾病或病情。

]
医生建议
[根据患者的磁共振成像结果和诊断结果，给出相关治疗建议和注意事项。

确保清晰明了，简洁易懂。

]
结论
本报告分析了患者的磁共振成像结果，并给出相应的诊断结果和医生建议。

磁共振成像是一种可靠的医学检查方法，对于了解患者病情、制定治疗方案具有重要作用。

患者应按照医生的建议进行后续治疗和随访，以获得最佳效果。

注意：本报告仅供参考，具体诊疗建议请咨询专业医生。

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[中英文磁共振成像报告]文档结束。