APA正文格式样例

一.Reference的三种类型: 从书上引用,从杂志里的文章中引用,从网站引用1, 从书上引用的ref,格式:作者名字.年代.书名(斜体).出版社地址: 出版社名Example:Davidson, M. and Cooper, C. (1992). Shattering The Glass Ceiling: The Woman Manger. London: Paul Chapman.2, 从杂志里的文章中引用的ref,格式:作者名字.年代.文章名. 杂志名(斜体): 第几期, 页数Example:Pringle, J. (2004). Women Senior Managers: Successful Individuals Or Markers Of Collective Change. Women’s Studies Journal, 18, (2), 79-963,从网站引用的ref, 格式作者名字.年代.书名(斜体).Retrieved on年月日. from:网站Example:Adler, M. (2005). Women's Employment Concentrated In Service Industries. Retrieved on 20th September, 2005 from:.(注意: 网站另起一行)二, reference 的注意事项:1, 如果reference有两行或两行以上, 从第二行起,向内缩进五到七个字符Example:Rosener, J. (1995). America’s competitive secret: Utilizing women as a management strategy.USA: Oxford University Press.2, reference与reference中间要隔一行3文章名和杂志名：每个单词的首字母大写，虚词除外4,文章后面列出的所有reference必须与加进文章中的reference一一对应5, reference做完以后,以作者的首字为准,按字母顺序进行排列6,一般情况下,1000字,至少四个reference.这里需要强调一点：国外治学严谨，reference一定要做好！！我们的作业严禁直接抄书或从网上直接复制粘贴(这在国外被界定为抄袭)国外的学校有强大的数据库，抄袭的地方，数据库一搜就发现了一旦发现抄袭，轻则挂科，重则拿不到学位，诚信记录还要被写上一笔你可以翻译中文也可以用自己的话把句子转述一遍但是直接引用和一个句子只改2、3个单词是一样会被判抄袭的！To develop a community profile (社区分布）for one Australian Local Government Area (LGA) of your choice, (excluding the City of Boroondara) using data from the 2001 and 2006 Census available from the ABS website. The focus of the demographic profile will be to describe up to three cultural characteristics of the population within your chosen LGA, and look at changes that have occurred from 2001 to 2006.Examples of cultural characteristics are ancestry, birthplace, language spoken, year of arrival in Australia, religious affiliation, English proficiency, and indigenous status. You are expected to synthesise (综合）the information available, not just replicate （折叠，复制）the tables that you can download. For example, you may choose to group a Census table detailing individual birthplaces into categories, and then show the proportional distribution - not just the number by birthplace; or from Year of Arrival in Australia you may derive the number of years living in Australia. In other words, you are required to analyse and summarise the information you find into your own summary tables and charts. In your demographic profile you should include summary tables, charts and commentary to support the graphs and tables. You should make use of data from both the 2001 Census and the 2006 Census (e.g. using a combination QuickStats, MapStats and Census Tables.制定一个社会形象之一澳大利亚地方政府区（儿）您的选择，（不包括城市Boroondara ）使用数据从2001年和2006年人口普查可从澳大利亚统计局的网站上。

apa格式英文范文举例APA格式是一种常用的学术写作格式，本文将为您提供一篇APA格式的英文范文，以便您了解如何按照APA格式撰写学术论文。

Title: The Effects of Mindfulness Meditation on Stress ReductionAbstract:This study examines the effects of mindfulness meditation on stress reduction in college students. A sample of 100 participants was recruited and randomly assigned to either a mindfulness meditation group or a control group. The mindfulness meditation group participated in a four-week meditation program, while the control group did not receive any intervention. Pre- and post-intervention measures of stress level were collected using the Perceived Stress Scale. Results indicated that the mindfulness meditation group had a significant reduction in perceived stress levels compared to the control group. These findings suggest that mindfulness meditation may be an effective technique for reducing stress among college students.Introduction:Stress is a common issue among college students and has been linked to various negative outcomes, including decreased academic performance and mental health problems. Mindfulness meditation has emerged as a potential technique for reducing stress, as it involves the use of focused attention on present-moment experiences. However, little research has been conductedon the effects of mindfulness meditation on stress reduction among college students. The purpose of this study is to examine the effects of mindfulness meditation on stress reduction in college students.Method:Participants:A total of 100 college students (50 female, 50 male) were recruited from a university in the United States. Participants were between the ages of 18 and 25 and were not currently receiving any treatment for anxiety or depression.Procedure:Participants were randomly assigned to either a mindfulness meditation group or a control group. The mindfulness meditation group participated in a four-week meditation program consisting of weekly group sessions led by a trained mindfulness meditation instructor. Participants were also instructed to practice mindfulness meditation at home for at least 15 minutes per day. The control group did not receive any intervention.Measures:Pre- and post-intervention measures of stress were collected using the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS). The PSS is a self-report questionnaire that assesses the extent to which individuals perceive their life as unpredictable, uncontrollable, and overloaded.Data Analysis:Data were analyzed using repeated-measures analysis of variance (ANOVA)with one factor (group) and two levels (mindfulness meditation and control). Post-hoc analyses were conducted using paired-samples t-tests.Results:Results indicated that there was a significant interaction between group and time (F(1, 98) = 9.23, p < .05). Post-hoc analyses revealed that the mindfulness meditation group had a significant reduction in perceived stress levels from pre- to post-intervention (t(49) = 7.82, p < .001), whereas the control group did not show any significant change in perceived stress levels (t(49) = 1.14, p > .05).Discussion:The results of this study suggest that mindfulness meditation may be an effective technique for reducing stress among college students. The finding that the mindfulness meditation group had a significant reduction in perceived stress levels compared to the control group is consistent with previous research on mindfulness meditation and stress reduction. However, this study has several limitations, including the lack of a follow-up assessment and the use of self-report measures. Future research should address these limitations and further explore the potential benefits of mindfulness meditation for stress reduction among college students.。

apa第七版格式英文范文举例Living in the digital age has revolutionized the way we communicate and interact with one another. Social media platforms such as Facebook, Twitter, and Instagram have become integral parts of our daily lives, allowing us to connect with friends and family, share our thoughts and experiences, and stay up-to-date on the latest news and trends. However, the widespread use of social media has also raised concerns about privacy, cyberbullying, and the impact of excessive screen time on our mental and physical health.Privacy has become a major issue in the digital age, as personal information shared on social media can easily be accessed by third parties without our knowledge or consent. Companies use our data to target us with personalized advertisements, while hackers can steal our information for malicious purposes. In response to these threats, many peoplehave become more cautious about what they share online, adjusting their privacy settings and using encryption tools to protect their data.Cyberbullying is another significant concern in the digital age, as people can hide behind the anonymity of the internet to harass, intimidate, or threaten others. Social media platforms have taken steps to combat cyberbullying, such as implementing reporting tools and algorithms to identify and remove harmful content. However, cyberbullying remains a pervasive issue, particularly among teenagers and young adults who are more likely to experience online harassment.Excessive screen time has also emerged as a health concern in the digital age, as many people spend hours each day staring at their devices. This sedentary lifestyle can lead to physical health problems such as obesity, eye strain, and poor posture. Additionally, constant exposure to screenshas been linked to mental health issues such as anxiety, depression, and sleep disturbances. To mitigate these risks, health experts recommend taking breaks from screens, limiting screen time before bedtime, and engaging in physicalactivities to maintain a healthy lifestyle.Despite these challenges, the digital age has brought about many positive changes, such as greater access to information, increased connectivity, and new opportunitiesfor creativity and expression. Social media platforms have allowed marginalized groups to amplify their voices, mobilize for social justice causes, and build supportive communities. Online education platforms have made learning more accessible and flexible, enabling people to acquire new skills and knowledge from the comfort of their own homes.In conclusion, the digital age has fundamentally transformed the way we live, work, and communicate. While it has brought about many benefits, such as increasedconnectivity and access to information, it has also raised concerns about privacy, cyberbullying, and the impact of excessive screen time on our health. As we navigate this new digital landscape, it is important to remain vigilant about our online behavior, prioritize our mental and physical well-being, and use technology responsibly to create a safer and more inclusive digital environment.。

apa英文范文The APA (American Psychological Association) style is a widely recognized and accepted format for academic and professional writing. It is commonly used in the fields of social sciences, including psychology, education, and business. The APA style provides a standardized set of guidelines for the structure, organization, and presentation of research papers, articles, and other written works. Adhering to these guidelines ensures consistency, clarity, and professionalism in academic and scholarly communication.One of the primary purposes of the APA style is to establish a common framework for the organization and formatting of research papers. This includes the structure of the paper, the citation of sources, and the presentation of tables and figures. By following the APA guidelines, authors can ensure that their work is easily readable, well-structured, and properly referenced, making it more accessible and understandable to the reader.The APA style typically includes the following key components in a research paper or article:1. Title Page: The title page should include the title of the paper, the author's name, and the institutional affiliation. It should also include a running head, which is a shortened version of the title that appears at the top of each page.2. Abstract: The abstract is a concise summary of the paper, typically ranging from 150 to 250 words. It should provide an overview of the study's purpose, methodology, results, and conclusions.3. Introduction: The introduction section should provide background information on the topic, clearly state the research question or hypothesis, and outline the purpose of the study.4. Method: This section describes the research design, participants, materials, and procedures used in the study. It should be detailed enough for the reader to understand and potentially replicate the study.5. Results: The results section presents the findings of the study, including any statistical analyses or data that were collected.6. Discussion: The discussion section interprets the results of the study, explains their significance, and addresses any limitations or implications of the research.7. References: The references section lists all the sources cited in the paper, formatted according to APA style guidelines.In addition to these core components, the APA style also provides guidelines for the formatting of in-text citations, the use of headings and subheadings, the presentation of tables and figures, and the overall layout of the paper.Adhering to the APA style is not only important for ensuring the quality and consistency of academic writing but also for demonstrating the author's attention to detail and commitment to professional standards. By following the APA guidelines, writers can effectively communicate their research findings, ideas, and arguments in a clear and organized manner, making their work more accessible and impactful to the academic community.Furthermore, the APA style is widely recognized and used across various disciplines, making it a valuable skill for students, researchers, and professionals to develop. Mastering the APA style can not only improve the quality of one's own writing but also facilitate the peer review and publication process, as many academic journals and publishers require submissions to be formatted according to APA guidelines.In conclusion, the APA style is a crucial component of academic and professional writing, providing a standardized framework for the organization, formatting, and presentation of research papers and articles. By following the APA guidelines, writers can ensure the clarity, consistency, and professionalism of their work, ultimately enhancing its impact and accessibility within the scholarly community.。

APA正文格式样例1. Introduction Idioms are thought of as the core and essence of language and culture. Any language which has a long history is abundant in idioms. Many of the words often contain enough philosophical and incisive theories for people to study and they become an important part of modern English (Zhang, 2009, p. 8). For example: “As a man sows, so he shall reap” can be translated into “种瓜得瓜，种豆得豆”, “To strike while the iron is hot” is translated as “趁热打铁”, “A long road tests a horse ’s strength and a long task proves a man ’s heart ” can be translated into “路遥知马力, 日久见人心”. Nowadays, with the prospering of international communication, the activity of idiom translation has become especially frequent and important. However, idioms are strongly combined with specific culture, which often leads to great difficulty in translation. Thus, studying the relations between idioms and a few important cultural aspects such as historical backgrounds, geographical conditions, social customs, religious beliefs, etc. will help us to understand the cultural elements in idioms.Since culture plays so important a role in intercultural communication, the cultural factors in different languages have been attracting more and more attention of linguistic scholars. In order to make intercultural communication more successful, many scholars have become interested in the study of cultural similarities and differences encoded in different languages. The study of cultural factors in different languages is of significance inintercultural communication as well as other disciplines such as linguistics, language acquisition, etc. This paper will expoundthe cultural differences between Chinese and English idioms and explore the role of culture plays in understanding of idioms. 2. T he c ultural b ackgrounds i n i diomsIdioms as a special form of language carry a large amount of cultural information. They are the heritage of history and the product of cultural evolvement. Generally speaking, Idioms 正文中的一级标题用14号times New Roman加粗，标题在某一页的开始，段前就不再另外空行，只段后一行即可。

APA格式的reference模版是指在学术论文或研究报告中引用参考文献时所使用的一种格式规范。

APA格式的引用要求包括作者尊称、出版年份、文章标题、期刊名、卷号、期号、页码等信息，并且还要求按照一定的顺序和格式来书写这些信息。

以下是APA格式的reference模版的示例：1. 书籍：作者姓氏，作者名字/尊称缩写。

（出版年）。

书名：副标题。

出版地点：出版社。

例如：Smith, J. (2010). The Art of Writing: A Guide to Perfecting Your Craft. New York, NY: HarperCollins.2. 期刊文章：作者姓氏，作者名字/尊称缩写。

（出版年）。

文章标题。

期刊名，卷号（期号），页码。

例如：Johnson, R. (2015). The Effects of Climate Change on Wildlife. Environmental Science Quarterly, 15(2), 45-57.3. 网络来源：作者姓氏，作者名字/尊称缩写。

（出版年）。

文章标题。

全球信息站名。

获取日期，全球信息站。

例如：Brown, M. (2018). The Impact of Social Media on Mental Health. Psychology Today. Retrieved September 25, 2018, from xxx4. 研究报告：机构名。

出版年。

报告标题。

出版地点：出版社。

例如：National Institute of Mental Health. (2016). Mental Health in America: Prevalence and Treatment of Mental Illness. Washington, DC: Government Printing Office.5. 会议论文：作者姓氏，作者名字/尊称缩写。

参考文献著录格式示例（APA格式，选题报告和论文以此为准）参考文献按先英文后中文排列，全部按首写字母排序A.1专著例：龙文佩，（1988），《外国当代剧作选》。

北京：中国戏剧出版社。

Grice, H. P. (2002). Studies in the way of words. Beijing: Foreign Languages Teaching and Research Press.(出版年份加括号，中文书目用书名号，中文标点；英文专著只大写第一个字母，用斜体；)A.2学位论文例：张筑，（2010），学术摘要中的主位研究，硕士学位论文。

北京：北京大学。

Cairns, R. B. (2012). Infared spectroscopic studies on solid oxygen, M.A. Thesis. Berkeley: University of California.（中文学位论文标明“硕士/博士学位论文”，英文对应用M.A. Thesis或Ph.D. Dissertation，后加地点和学校，英文论文标题需斜体，第一个字母大写，格式同专著）A.3文集中析出的文献例：黄蕴慧，（2003），国际矿物学研究的动向，见程裕淇等编，《世界地质科技发展动向》。

北京：地质出版社，38-39Rivers, S. (2010). Bringing it all together: Applying metaphor analysis to online discussions in a doctorate study. In Cameron, L. & Maslen, R. (eds.). Metaphor analysis: Research practice inapplied linguistics, social sciences and the humanities. London: Equinox, 230-247.（析出文章要注明页码范围，文集书名的格式同专著，注意中文“见”和英语In的使用)A.4网络文献例：Joyce, A. S. Research letter: Canadian Group Psychotherapy Association. Retrieved October 26, 2015, from /Research-Letter（网络文献，加入Retrieved后加日期，加网址)A.5期刊文章例：杨彦恒，（1997），论尤金·奥尼尔的悲剧美学思想，《中山大学学报(社会科学版)》，第6期，21-23。

apa引用格式例子APA格式是指美国心理学会（American Psychological Association）所设定的学术论文格式标准。

该格式适用于使用社会科学领域的学术论文，包括心理学、社会学、人类学、教育学等。

下面就是APA格式的引用示例。

一、书本引用格式姓，名.(出版年).书名.出版地点:出版社.例如：Smith, J. D. (2012). The Science of Sleep. New York, NY: Penguin.姓1，名1.,&姓2，名2.(出版年).书名.出版地点:出版社.例如：Miller, A., & Brown, M. (2008). The Psychology of Motivation. Boston, MA: Harvard University Press.例如：Anderson, R., Jacobs, L., Smith, L., & Martin, B. (2016). Educational Psychology: Theories and Practice. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.（4）编者或组编书的引用编者的姓，名(Ed.).(出版年).书名.出版地点:出版社.例如：Johnson, M. A. (Ed.). (2010). Educational Research: Principles and Methods. New York, NY: Routledge.（5）编者或组编书的章节引用例如：Smith, J. D. (2015). The Future of Sleep Research. In R. Davis (Ed.), Advances in Sleep Science (pp. 118-132). New York, NY: Springer.二、期刊引用格式（1）期刊文章的标准格式（有DOI的文章）（2）期刊文章的标准格式（无DOI的文章）三、网页引用格式（1）网页文章的标准格式文章标题.(发布年月日).网站名称.检索日期，来自网址.。

A P A论文格式模版Company Document number：WTUT-WT88Y-W8BBGB-BWYTT-19998在此处添加标题，最多 12 个字，占一到两行作者姓名（名字中间名姓氏），省略职务和学位所属机构作者备注包含任何拨款/融资信息和完整的通信地址。

摘要摘要应为一段，介于 150 到 250 个字之间。

不采用缩进。

节标题（例如上文提到的摘要）不属于标题，因此未采用粗体标题格式。

而是改用节标题样式。

此样式会自动将章节另起一页，因此无需添加分页符。

（若要在分页格式下查看文档，请在“视图”选项卡上单击“阅读视图”。

）请注意，此模板的所有文本样式都可以在功能区“开始”选项卡上的“样式”库中获得。

关键字：在此处添加关键字。

若要将此（或任何）提示文本替换为自己的文本，只需选择它，然后开始键入即可。

请勿在所选字符的左右侧包含空格。

在此处添加标题，最多 12 个字，占一到两行论文的正文采用英寸的首行缩进，并采用双倍间距。

APA 样式最多可提供五个标题级别，如以下段落所示。

请注意，不应将“简介”一词用作初始标题，因为假定论文是从简介开始的。

标题 1前两个标题级别会获取自己的段落，如此处所示。

标题 3、4 和 5 是插入部分标题，在段落的开头使用。

标题 21可按照 APA 格式要求，轻松键入自己的脚注引用和备注。

若要设置脚注引用的格式，请选择编号，然后在“开始”选项卡上的“样式”库中单击“脚注引用”。

标题 3.在插入部分标题末尾包括一个句点。

请注意，在适当情况下，可包括连续的段落及其自己的标题。

标题 4.使用标题时，请勿跳级。

如果需要在下一个标题之前采用没有文字的标题 3、4 或5，只需在标题末尾添加句点，然后将子标题及其文本另起一段。

（姓氏，年份）标题 5.与论文的其他章节一样，参考文献需另起一页，如后续页面所示。

只需在论文的任何文本部分操作时键入文本引文，如本段结尾和前一段所示。

（姓氏，年份）若要在所有布局和格式（如悬挂缩进）下查看本文档，请在功能区的“视图”选项卡上单击“阅读视图”。

apa格式参考文献模板篇一：APA_reference_style &amp;中国常用的参考文献格式这里介绍了2种参考文献的格式。

一种是国内比较常用的格式，见第2-4页。

另一种是国外教育与心理专业常用的APA 格式，见第5-9页。

大家可以根据澳班的要求采用。

1国内目前常用的参考文献格式1．简介2．参考文献类型及其标志3．范文（片段）1．简介这里介绍的是目前国内常用的一种引注规则，它是根据中华人民共和国国家标准UDC 025.32文后参考文献著录规则GB 7714-87 制定的。

目前许多学术期刊和图书的参考文献格式都采用该规则。

该规则的主要要求如下：（1）在正文中引文处标序号，右上标。

该序号与文后参考文献序号对应。

（2）参考文献排列次序：依在正文中被首次引用的先后次序列出各条参考文献。

（3）具体要求：项目齐全，内容完整，顺序正确，标点无误。

（4）注意事项：①只有3位及3位以内作者的，其姓名全部列上，中外作者一律姓前名后；②共有3位以上作者的，只列前3位，其后加―，等‖或―,et al‖；③外文文献中表示缩写的实心句点―．‖一律略去；④原本就缺少某一项目时，可将该项连同与其对应的标点符号一起略去；⑤页码不可省略，起止页码间用―-‖相隔，不同的页码引用范围之间用―，‖相隔。

⑥正文中参考文献标引一律用上标形式的方括号内数字表示，例如[3]，方括号和数字不必用粗体。

2．参考文献类型及其标志根据GB3469 规定，对参考文献类型在文献题名后应该用方括号加以标引，以单字母方式标志以下各种[电子文献类型标示/载体类型标示如下：[DB/OL]——联机网上数据库（database online）；[DB/MT]——磁带数据库（database on magnetic tape）[M/CD]——光盘图书(monograph on CD-ROM) [CP/DK]——磁盘软件(computer program on disk) [J/OL]——网上期刊(journal serial online)[EB/OL]——网上电子公告(electronic bulletin board online)参考文献的著录格式及示例233．范文（片段）石中英教授认为，基础教育的―基础性‖不仅是一种事实陈述，也是一种价值选择；不仅是一种结构性特征，也具有质的内涵；不仅是针对青少年学生的个体发展而言的，也是针对整个社会乃至国家的发展而言的；不仅是有待发现的价值目标，也需要必要而充分的条件保障。

APA格式一．英语原版材料引用英语著作:Rossi (姓), P. H. （名的首字母缩写）(1989) （出版年）. Down and out in America: The origins of homelessness. （著作名）Chicago （出版地）: University of Chicago Press. （出版商）引用编撰的著作：Campbell, J. P., Campbell, R. J., & Associates. (Eds.). (1988). Productivity in organizations. San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass.引用翻译的著作：Michotte, A. E. (1963). The perception of causality (T. R. Miles & E. Miles, Trans.). （翻译者的名和姓不需要改变次序）London: Methuen. (Original work published 1946)引用重版书：Ebbinghaus, H. (1964). Memory: A contribution to experimental psychology. New York: Dover.(Original work published 1885; translated 1913)引用收集在英语著作中的文章：Wilson, S. F. (1990). Community support and integration: New directions for outcome research. InS. Rose (Ed.) （代表“编”）, Case management: An overview and assessment (pp. 13-42).White Plains, NY: Longman.引用英语期刊文章：Roediger, H. L. (1990). Implicit memory: A commentary. Bulletin of the Psychonomic Society （文章名）, 28 （第几期）, 373-380. （文章页码）引用英语硕博士论文:Thompson, L. (1988). Social perception in negotiation. （论文名）Unpublished doctoral dissertation, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL. （大学；大学所在地）引用学术会议上的报告：Hogan, R., Raskin, R., & Fazzini, D. (1988, October). （报告时间）The dark side of charisma.Paper presented at the Conference on Psychological Measures and Leadership（会议名）, San Antonio, TX. （会议地点）二．中文材料英文撰写的论文中引用中文著作：Wen, Q. F. [文秋芳]，2003，英语学习者的成功之路. 上海：上海外语教育出版社。

APA正文引用格式主要包括文内引用和参考文献列表两个部分。

文内引用是在正文中直接引用其他研究者的观点或数据时所使用的格式。

一般来说，文内引用的格式包括作者姓氏、发表年份、页码（如果需要）以及具体引用内容。

对于不同的引用情况，格式可能会有所不同。

例如，如果作者姓名在文中已经出现，则只需要在引文后面加上发表年份和页码即可；如果引用了同一作者的多篇文献，则需要在第一次引用时列出所有作者的姓氏，并在后续的引用中只列出第一作者的姓氏，然后在姓氏后面加上“et al.”来表示还有其他作者；如果引用了同一作者在同一年的多篇文献，则需要在年份后面加上小写字母来区分不同的文献。

参考文献列表是在正文的最后列出所有引用的文献，以便读者查找和核实引用的来源。

参考文献列表的格式通常包括作者姓氏、发表年份、文章标题、期刊名称、卷号、期号、页码等信息。

具体的格式要求可能会因不同的学术期刊或出版机构而有所不同，因此需要根据实际情况进行调整。

总的来说，APA正文引用格式要求严格，需要仔细遵循相关规定，以确保引用的准确性和规范性。

在实际写作过程中，建议使用引文管理工具或参考文献管理软件来帮助整理和管理引文信息，以避免出现格式错误或遗漏等问题。

apa格式的论文中文范文模板在众多论文的格式中，APA格式(Abroad by Association)是一个为广泛接受的研究论文撰写格式。

下面小编给大家分享一些apa格式的论文，欢迎大家阅读。

apa格式的论文篇一：《爱情的殉葬品》摘要：安娜是俄国著名作家托尔斯泰笔下的渴望真正爱情，大胆追求自由的典型女性形象，为了爱情她舍弃了家庭，放弃了孩子，甚至赔上了性命，安娜是那个时代极具个性解放思想并敢于向旧制度挑战，走向新生的女性代表，她追求与抗争的过程显示了妇女个性解放的划时代意义。

关键词：安娜;爱情;形象在浩瀚的外国文学史中，众多才华横溢的文人为我们创造了多位屹立于世界之巅的男性文学典型，有处于理想与现实矛盾中的人文主义形象哈姆莱特;有小资产阶级个人奋斗者形象于连;有吝啬小气的守财奴形象葛朗台;有多余人代表叶甫盖尼・奥涅金，然而19世纪欧洲文学史却颠覆了以往以男性为主人公的文学模式，创造了一批极具个性的新女性形象，其中，托尔斯泰笔下的安娜以其独特的魅力深为读者所爱。

这位女性主人公是那个时代具有个性解放思想并敢于向旧制度挑战的出色女性形象。

一、安娜性格核心(一)美丽善良的安娜安娜是一个坚定地追求新生活，具有个性解放特点的贵族妇女形象。

她的美既有外露的聪慧、妩媚、典雅，也有内藏的独立、大胆和高傲。

小说中有几次出神入化地对安娜相貌的赞美，一次来自从不愿对爱情认真的渥伦斯基，当在火车站相遇，“渥伦斯基觉得必须再看她一眼―不是因为她非常美丽，不是由于她整个身形显得优雅端庄、谦恭妩媚，而是因为她从他身旁走过时那可爱的脸上特别和蔼温柔的表情”;一次来自刚刚遭受失恋打击的吉蒂，还有一次来自于吉蒂有情人终成眷属的列文，三人都在不该被倾倒的时间与角色中被安娜的美所征服。

安娜不仅外在美，心灵也十分善良，当在火车站听说压死了一个护路工，听哥哥说起那个护路工的妻子扑向尸体时，情景很惨的时候，安娜的心无法平静了，于是她对哥哥激动地低声说：“能不能为她做点什么?”，可见安娜多么同情下层人的艰辛。

APA格式参考文献示例期刊文章1.一位作者写的文章Hu, L. X. [胡莲香]. (2014). 走向大数据知识服务: 大数据时代图书馆服务模式创新. 农业图书情报学刊(2): 173-177.Olsher, D. (2014). Semantically-based priors and nuanced knowledge core for Big Data, Social AI, and language understanding. Neural Networks, 58, 131-147.2.两位作者写的文章Li, J. Z., & Liu, X. M. [李建中, 刘显敏]. (2013). 大数据的一个重要方面: 数据可用性. 计算机研究与发展(6): 1147-1162.Mendel, J. M., & Korjani, M. M. (2014). On establishing nonlinear combinations of variables from small to big data for use in later processing. Information Sciences, 280, 98-110.3. 三位及以上的作者写的文章Weichselbraun, A. et al. (2014). Enriching semantic knowledge bases for opinion mining in big data applications. Knowledge-Based Systems, 69, 78-85.Zhang, P. et al. [张鹏等]. (2013). 云计算环境下适于工作流的数据布局方法. 计算机研究与发展(3): 636-647.专著1.一位作者写的书籍Rossi, P. H. (1989). Down and out in America: The origins of homelessness. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.Wang, B. B. [王彬彬]. (2002).文坛三户：金庸·王朔·余秋雨——当代三大文学论争辨析. 郑州: 大象出版社.2.两位作者写的书籍Plant, R., & Hoover, K. (2014). Conservative capitalism in Britain and the United States: A critical appraisal. London: Routledge.Yin, D., & Shang, H. [隐地, 尚海]. (2001).到绿光咖啡屋听巴赫读余秋雨. 上海: 上海世界图书出版公司.3. 三位作者写的书籍Chen, W. Z. et al. [陈维政等]. (2006).人力资源管理. 大连: 大连理工大学出版社. Hall, S. et al. (1991). Culture, media, language: Working papers in cultural studies, 1972-79 (Cultural studies Birmingham ). London: Routledge.4. 新版书Kail, R. (1990). Memory development in children (3rd ed.). New York: Freeman.编著1. 一位主编编撰的书籍Loshin, D. (Ed.). (2013a). Big data analytics. Boston: Morgan Kaufmann.Zhong, L. F. [钟兰凤] (编). (2014). 英文科技学术话语研究. 镇江: 江苏大学出版社.2. 两位主编编撰的书籍Hyland, K., & Diani, G. (Eds.). (2009). Academic evaluation: Review genres in university settings. London: Palgrave Macmillan.Zhang, D. L., & Zhang, G. [张德禄, 张国] (编). (2011). 英语文体学教程. 北京: 高等教育出版社.3. 三位及以上主编编撰的书籍Zhang, K. D. et al. [张克定等] (编). (2007). 系统评价功能. 北京: 高等教育出版社.Campbell, C. M. et al. (Eds.). (2003). Groups St Andrews 2001 in Oxford: Volume 2.New York: Cambridge University Press.4.书中的文章De la Rosa Algarín, A., & Demurjian, S. A. (2014). An approach to facilitate security assurance for information sharing and exchange in big-data applications. In B.Akhgar & H. R. Arabnia (Eds.), Emerging trends in ICT security(pp. 65-83).Boston: Morgan Kaufmann.He, J. M., & Yu, J. P. [何建敏, 于建平]. (2007). 学术论文引言部分的经验功能分析.张克定等. (编). 系统功能评价(pp. 93-101). 北京: 高等教育出版社.翻译的书籍Bakhtin, M. M. (1981). The dialogic imagination: Four essays(C. Emerson & M.Holquist, Trans.). Austin: University of Texas Press.Le, D. L. [勒代雷]. (2001).释意学派口笔译理论(刘和平译). 北京: 中国对外翻译出版公司.Kontra, M. et al. (2014).语言: 权利和资源(李君, 满文静译). 北京: 外语教学与研究出版社.Wang, R. D., & Yu, Q. Y. [王仁定, 余秋雨]. (2001).吴越之间——余秋雨眼里的中国文化（彩图本）(梁实秋, 董乐天译). 上海: 上海文化出版社.硕博士论文Huan, C. P. (2015). Journalistic stance in Chinese and Australian hard news.Unpublished doctorial dissertation, Macquarie University, Sydney.Wang, X. Z. [王璇子]. (2014). 功能对等视角下的英语长句翻译.南京大学硕士学位论文.注：1.APA格式参考文献中的文章标题、书籍名称，冒号后第一个单词，括号里第一个单词和专有名词的首字母大写，其余单词首字母均小写。

apa格式英文引用范文举例In APA format, when citing a source in the text of a paper, theauthor's last name and the publication year are included in parentheses. For example, (Smith, 2019). 在APA格式中，当在论文正文中引用资料时，需要在括号中包含作者的姓氏和出版年份。

例如，（Smith, 2019）。

In addition to citing within the text, APA format also requires a reference list at the end of the paper, which provides more detailed information about the sources cited. This list should be organized alphabetically by the author's last name. 除了在文中引用外，APA格式还要求在论文末尾列出参考文献，其中详细提供了被引用的资料。

这个列表应按作者的姓氏字母顺序排列。

When citing a book in APA format, the basic format includes the author's last name, first initial, publication year, title of the book, and publisher. For example: Smith, J. (2019). The Art of Writing. New York, NY: Penguin Press. 在APA格式中引用书籍时，基本格式包括作者的姓氏，名字首字母，出版年份，书名，以及出版社。

参考文献A‎PA撰写格‎式范例一、书籍类张春兴、林清山（1981）。

教育心理学‎。

台北市：东华书局。

曾文星（1988）。

从人格发展‎看中国人性‎格。

载于李亦园‎、杨国枢编：中国人的性‎格（235-267页）。

台北市：桂冠图书公‎司。

Beren‎s on, M. L., Levin‎e, D. M., & Golds‎t ein, M. (1983). Inter‎m edia‎t e stati‎s tica‎l metho‎d s and appli‎c atio‎n: A compu‎t er appro‎a ch. Engle‎w ood Cliff‎s, NJ: Prent‎i ce-Hall.Marte‎n iuk, R. G. (1976). Cogni‎t ive infor‎m atio‎n proce‎s ses in motor‎short‎-term memor‎y and movem‎e nt produ‎c tion‎.In G. E. Stelm‎a ch (Ed.), Motor‎contr‎o l: Issue‎s and trend‎s(pp.175-185). New York: Acade‎m ic Press‎.Gurma‎n, A. S., & Knisk‎e rn, D. P. (1981). Famil‎y thera‎p y outco‎m e resea‎r ch: Knows‎and unkno‎w ns. In A. S. Gurma‎n and D. P. Knisk‎e rn (Eds.), Handb‎o ok of famil‎y thera‎p y (pp.105-128). New York: Brunn‎e r.二、期刊或杂志‎类杨志显（2004）。

我国大专院‎校体育教师‎专业进修需‎求、动机与阻碍‎因素之研究‎。