Coherence12c新特性

Oracle 12C引入了CDB与PDB的新特性，在ORACLE 12C数据库引入的多租用户环境（Multitenant Environment）中，允许一个数据库容器（CDB）承载多个可插拔数据库（PDB）。

CDB全称为Container Database，中文翻译为数据库容器，PDB全称为Pluggable Database，即可插拔数据库。

在ORACLE 12C之前，实例与数据库是一对一或多对一关系（RAC）：即一个实例只能与一个数据库相关联，数据库可以被多个实例所加载。

而实例与数据库不可能是一对多的关系。

当进入ORACLE 12C后，实例与数据库可以是一对多的关系。

下面是官方文档关于CDB与PDB的关系图。

其实大家如果对SQL SERVER比较熟悉的话，这种CDB与PDB是不是感觉和SQL SERVER的单实例多数据库架构是一回事呢。

像PDB$SEED可以看成是master、msdb等系统数据库，PDBS可以看成用户创建的数据库。

而可插拔的概念与SQL SERVER中的用户数据库的分离、附加其实就是那么一回事。

看来ORACLE也“抄袭”了一把SQL SERVER 的概念，只是改头换面的包装了一番。

CDB组件（Components of a CDB）一个CDB数据库容器包含了下面一些组件：ROOT组件ROOT又叫CDB$ROOT, 存储着ORACLE提供的元数据和Common User,元数据的一个例子是ORACLE提供的PL/SQL包的源代码，Common User 是指在每个容器中都存在的用户。

SEED组件Seed又叫PDB$SEED,这个是你创建PDBS数据库的模板，你不能在Seed中添加或修改一个对象。

一个CDB中有且只能有一个Seed. 这个感念，个人感觉非常类似SQL SERVER中的model数据库。

PDBSCDB中可以有一个或多个PDBS，PDBS向后兼容，可以像以前在数据库中那样操作PDBS，这里指大多数常规操作。

oracle12c的CDB与PDBoracle12c的CDB与PDBoracle12c的新特性Oracle 12C引⼊了CDB与PDB的新特性，在ORACLE 12C数据库引⼊的多租⽤户环境（Multitenant Environment）中，允许⼀个数据库容器（CDB）承载多个可插拔数据库（PDB）。

CDB全称为Container Database，中⽂翻译为数据库容器，PDB全称为Pluggable Database，即可插拔数据库。

在ORACLE 12C之前，实例与数据库是⼀对⼀或多对⼀关系（RAC）：即⼀个实例只能与⼀个数据库相关联，数据库可以被多个实例所加载。

⽽实例与数据库不可能是⼀对多的关系。

当进⼊ORACLE 12C后，实例与数据库可以是⼀对多的关系。

下⾯是官⽅⽂档关于CDB与PDB的关系图。

cdb相当于操作系统，调⽤并管理各个pdb。

pdb相当于真正提供业务需求的数据库实例。

oracle 12c安装后只创建了cdb，需要⾃⼰⽣成相应的pdb。

oracle 12c使⽤了CDB-PDB架构，类似于docker，在container-db内可以加载多个pluggable-db.安装成功后修改tnsnames.ora我的在D:\app\oracle\product\12.1.0\dbhome_1\NETWORK\ADMIN⽂件夹下############################tnsnames.ora#######################cdborcl =(DESCRIPTION =(ADDRESS_LIST =(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = localhost)(PORT = 1521)) )(CONNECT_DATA =(SERVICE_NAME = orcl) #cdb的db_name))#pdbpdborcl =(DESCRIPTION =(ADDRESS_LIST =(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = localhost)(PORT = 1521)))(CONNECT_DATA =(SERVICE_NAME = pdborcl) #pdb的db_name))##########################tnsnames.ora######################数据库下拉框会出现pdborcl选项遇到的坑使⽤system登录,PLSQL Developer选择ORCL,执⾏select name,open_mode from v$pdbs; ⽤来查看当前CDB容器中包含的PDB容器pdborcl的open_mide的状态是READ WRITE,使⽤pdborcl也能登录,但是你重启服务器这个状态会变为这时候PLSQL Developer选择pdborcl就不能登录了,出现错误因为服务器重启时，pdb默认不启动PLSQL Developer选择ORCL. system登录(或使⽤sqlplus)执⾏alter pluggable database PDBORCL open; 启动pdb创建⽤户创建新⽤户，注意CDB容器中创建⼀个通⽤⽤户，⽤户名必须以C##或者c##开头，因为CDB中默认创建的是common user如果想要创建本地⽤户，则要在PDB容器中创建，下⾯会说如何切换到PDB容器create user C##test identified by 123456; //其中C##test为⽤户名，123456为密码给新⽤户授权grant create session to C##test;grant create table to C##test;grant create tablespace to C##test;grant create view to C##test;切换⾄查到的某个PDB容器(上⾯查到的是PDBORCL)注意使⽤这个命令需要的sysdba级别的权限，否则⽆法执⾏,切换后才可使⽤当前pdb的私有⽤户进⾏操作,12c数据库创建完成后，默认情况下使⽤sqlplus / as sysdba 登录连接的是CDB。

Oracle 12c 新特性之ILM 数据生命周期管理张乐奕云和恩墨副总经理，Oracle ACE总监，ACOUG 联合创始人ILM 全称是Information Lifecycle Management，意思是信息生命周期管理，听上去很高端洋气的一个词，但是实际上几乎每个稍微大些的系统都已经在做ILM 了，比如说将生产表中的数据定期插入到历史表中，并把生产表中的这些数据删除，这就是数据生命周期管理；又比如使用了分区，定期将过期的数据分区删除掉，或者置为READONLY，让RMAN 不再备份，这也是数据生命周期管理。

因此ILM 由来已久，只要数据存在活跃-不活跃-静止这样的周期变化，那么ILM 就必不可少，Oracle Database 12c 中提供了很多新功能用来方便地进行数据生命周期管理，有些功能甚至是我们期盼已久的。

时间有效期管理（Temporal Validity）以下简称TV，TV 的功能大致上可以这样描述：在表中手动或者自动建两个时间类型的字段，一个表示有效期的开始时间，一个表示有效期的结束时间，就可以通过设置让只有在有效期内的记录才会被选择出来。

以下这个场景是我构想出来的，一张表里不断地INSERT 数据，但是每条数据有效期只有1分钟，过了1分钟再查就看不见了，如果加以仔细策划，应该会是很有趣的功能。

直接进入测试:1) 设置TV，需要使用dbms_flashback_archive 包，需要该包的执行权限。

2) 创建测试表，period for 关键字是TV新功能的关键字，valid_time 是TV 策略的名字，可以随便写。

valid_time_start 和valid_time_end 字段可以不手工定义，只要指定了period for 关键字，Oracle 会自动创建两个不可见字段。

我这里之所以手工定义开始和结束时间字段，是为了能够指定DEFAULT 值。

有效期开始时间valid_time_start 是记录插入的当前时间，有效期结束时间valid_time_end 是当前时间的后一分钟。

Oracle University |Contact Us: 20 (0)2 35350254 Oracle Database 12c R2: New Features for Administrators Part 2 Ed 1Duration: 5 DaysWhat you will learnThroughout the lessons of the Oracle Database 12c R2: New Features for Administrators Part 2 course constituted by five modules; the Securing Data module, the Making Data Available module, the Partitioning Data module, the Managing Information Lifecycle module and the Monitoring DB Operations and Managing Performance module, students receive a good knowledge of the Oracle Database 12c Release 2 new and enhanced features in different areas of database administration like Unified Auditing, Transparent Data Encryption (TDE) and other areas of security, Recovery Manager, online operations, Oracle Data Pump, SQL*Loader, new partitioning methods, Automatic Data Optimization, In-Memory Column Store, Full Database In-Memory Caching, and Automatic Big Table Caching.Learn To:Gain an understanding of the new and enhanced features of Oracle Database 12c Release 2 (12.2.0.1) amongst different areas such as security, availability, partitioning, performance, and Information Lifecycle Management (ILM).Benefits To YouBenefit from getting a thorough understanding of the following lessons:The lessons of the Securing Data module cover enhancements in auditing like role based conditional auditing, in privilege administration like new system administrative privilege for RAC, in Privilege Analysis and Data Redaction, in Transparent Sensitive Data Protection with new types of policies for FGA and TDE, and finally also in Transparent Data Encryption (TDE).The lessons of the Making Data Available module cover enhanced features in RMAN like table recovery, transport data across platforms, enhancements related to online operations, and finally ongoing enhancements with Oracle Data Pump, SQL*Loader and external tables.The lesson of the Partitioning Data module covers enhancements and new partitioning methods.The lessons of the Managing Information Lifecycle module introduce Heat Map and Automatic Data Optimization with heat map statistics tracking and ADO policies. The lessons also cover Temporal functionalities such as temporal history and temporal validity. In-Database Archiving provides a new feature, the Row-archival.The lessons of the Monitoring DB Operations and Managing Performance module explain the new features to improve the performance of the databases with SQL Performance Analyzer, DB Replay and SQL Plan Management, and to improve query execution with the Optimizer Statistics Advisor, JOIN processing. You will also learn about In-Memory Database option.A Live Virtual Class (LVC) is exclusively for registered students; unregistered individuals may not view an LVC at anytime. Registered students must view the class from the country listed in the registration form. Unauthorized recording, copying, or transmission of LVC content may not be made.AudienceDatabase AdministratorsEnd UsersSystem AdministratorRelated TrainingRequired PrerequisitesKnowledge of Oracle Database 11g R2Knowledge of Oracle Multitenant Container Database architectureSuggested PrerequisitesOracle Database 12c R2: New Features for Administrators Part 1 Ed 1Oracle Enterprise Manager Cloud Control 13c: Install & Upgrade Ed 1Oracle Enterprise Manager Cloud Control 13c: Install & Upgrade Ed 2Course ObjectivesManage security by using Unified AuditingManage security by using privileges and profilesManage security by using Privilege AnalysisManage security by using Data RedactionManage security by using Transparent Data EncryptionManage security by using Transparent Sensitive Data EncryptionDescribe the new RMAN enhancementsManage data availability by using new features of Oracle Data Pump, SQL*Loader and external tablesManage data availability by performing online operationsManage data partitioningManage Information Lifecycle by using ADOManage Information Lifecycle by using In-Database Archiving and Temporal featuresDescribe database operationsConfigure and use In-Memory Column StoreUse In-Memory CachingUse Real Application Testing enhancementsCourse TopicsIntroductionGlobal objectives of the courseLessons grouped by modulesSchedule of the weekAuditing Using Unified AuditQuick review of 11g R2 audit trail implementationOverview of the Unified Audit TrailCreating and enabling audit policies for all users to whom the role is granted directlyCapturing VPD (Virtual Private Database) generated predicatesControlling Data Access Using Privileges and ProfilesNew 12.2 administrative privilegesPassword file enhancementsEnhance the security of administrative usersEnforce the associated profile’s password limitsUsing mandatory INHERIT PRIVILEGES privilege to execute invoker's rights procedureUsing mandatory INHERIT PRIVILEGES privilege to select from BEQUEATH current_user views Using new INHERIT (ANY) REMOTE PRIVILEGES privilegeControlling Data Access Using Privilege AnalysisOverview of database privilege analysisGranting the CAPTURE_ADMIN role to enable management of privilege capturesCreating and starting/stopping privilege captures and runsViewing privilege analysis resultQuerying DBA_PRIV_CAPTURESRedacting DataOverview of Oracle Data RedactionTypes of Data Redaction PoliciesNew redaction format library in EM GUIRedaction policy expressionRedacting with Nullify redaction functionEncrypting DataEncrypt / decrypt / rekey tablespaces onlineConfigure automatic tablespace encryptionControlling Data Access Using Transparent Sensitive Data ProtectionConfigure and use TSDP with VPDConfigure and use TSDP with Data RedactionConfigure and use TSDP with Unified AuditingConfigure and use TSDP with Fine-Grained Auditing (FGA)Configure and use TSDP with Transparent Data Encryption (TDE)Making Data Available by Using RMAN FeaturesRMAN enhancementsTransport Data Across PlatformsTable recoveryAutomate the manual recovery process by using Recover Database Until Available RedoREPAIR FAILURE command extentedMaking Data Available by Using Oracle Data Pump, SQL*Loader and External TablesOracle Data Pump enhancementsSQL*Loader enhancementsQuerying against external tables and overriding external table clausesMaking Data Available by Performing Online OperationsDescribe online redefinition supportsMove and compress table partitions ONLINEPartitioning DataEnable reference partitioning with interval partitioned parent tablesIncorporate the CASCADE option for TRUNCATE PARTITION and EXCHANGE [SUB]PARTITION operations Convert partitioning Range to Interval and vice-versaConvert subpartitioning Range to Interval and vice-versaSimplify the maintenance of (sub) partitioned tablesComposite partitioningManaging Information Lifecycle Using ADOData classification in 12c : tablespace, group, object, row levelsConfigure heat mapAutomatic movement and compressionCompression levels and typesPolicy declarationCustomized automated action execution with user-defined functionExecution in scheduled maintenance windows and by MMONCustomized schedule with DBMS_ILM packageManaging Information Lifecycle Using In-Database Archiving and TemporalChallenges of old data in tables and 11g solutionsIn-database archiving new solutionsUse ROW ARCHIVAL clause to enable row lifecycle state for applicationsSet ROW ARCHIVAL VISIBILITY for session level visibility controlUse predicate on ORA_ARCHIVE_STATE columnTemporal Validity versus Temporal History (Transaction Time of FDA)Set a Temporal Validity by using PERIOD FOR clause of CREATE / ALTER TABLENew SQL temporal data typeMonitoring DB Operations and PerformanceOverviewUse casesCurrent ToolsDefine a DB operationMonitoring: Bracketing an OperationMonitoring the Progress of OperationsDB Operation TuningDB Operation Active ReportConfiguring In-Memory Column StoreIn-Memory Database option goals and benefitsRow format and columnar formatNew SGA componentDeploymentCompression and priority in-memory segments attributesDictionary tables, added columns, IM statistics and IM AdvisorIM FastStartInteraction with other productsUsing In-Memory Column StoreCaching results of frequently evaluated expressions and virtual columnsOptimizing joined columns by creating join groupsImproving Performance Using In-Memory CachingSetting up Full Database In-Memory CachingExplaining the two buffer replacement algorithms of Automatic Big Table CachingConfiguring Automatic Big Table Caching with DB_BIG_TABLE_CACHE_PERCENT_TARGET initialization parameter Using Automatic Big Table CachingImproving SQL PerformanceStatistics gathering performance improvements: Optimizer Statistics AdvisorAdaptive Execution PlanBenefit from automatic dynamic samplingUsing Real Application Testing EnhancementsSQL Performance Analyzer enhancementsSQL Plan Management enhancementsDatabase Replay enhancementsImproving Performance Using Other FeaturesManage session PGA limitMultiple indexes on the same set of columnsDescribe Advanced Row Compression and Avanced Index Compression HIGH levelReduce Cursor Invalidations for DDLsDefine real-time materialized views with on query computation and ON STATEMENT refresh materialized views Using multi-process multi-threaded Oracle architectureDescribe Database Smart Flash Cache enhancementsUse temporary undo for your temporary tables。

Oracle 12C优化器的巨大变化，上生产必读（上）序言优化器是Oracle数据库最吸引人的部件之一，因为它对每一个SQL语句的处理都必不可少。

优化器为每个SQL语句确定最有效的执行计划，这是基于给定的查询的结构，可用的关于底层对象的统计信息，以及所有与优化器和执行相关的特性。

随着每个新版本的发布，优化器都会进化，利用新功能以及新的统计信息来生成更好的执行计划。

随着对查询优化的新的自适应方法的引入，Oracle 12c数据库把这种进化更推上了一个台阶。

这份白皮书介绍了在Oracle 12c数据库中与优化器和统计相关的所有新特性并且提供了简单的，可再现的例子，使得你能够更容易地熟悉它们。

它还概括了已有的功能是如何被增强以改善性能和易管理性。

优化器和统计信息新特性1、自适应查询优化到目前为止，Oracle 12c数据库中最大的变化是自适应查询优化。

自适应查询优化是这样的一组功能，它使得优化器能够对执行计划进行实时调整，并且发现能够导致更佳的统计信息的额外信息。

当现有的统计信息不足以产生一个优化的计划，这种新方法是极其有用的。

自适应查询优化包括两个方面：自适应计划，它着重于改善一个查询的初次执行；自适应统计信息，它为后续的执行提供了额外的信息。

(图1. 自适应查询优化功能的组件)2、自适应计划自适应计划使得优化器能够延迟产生一个语句的最终计划，直到执行的时候才决定。

优化器在它所选择的计划（缺省计划）中植入统计收集器，从而在运行的时候，它能够判断自己的基数估算与计划的操作所实际看到的行数是否有很大的偏差。

如果有显著的区别，那么这个计划或者计划的一部分在SQL语句的首次执行就能够被自动调整来避免不理想的性能。

3、自适应的连接方式通过为计划中的某些分支预先确定多个子计划，优化器能够实时调整连接方式。

例如，在图2中优化器的初始计划（缺省计划）为order_items 和 product_info 之间的连接选定的是嵌套循环连接，通过对product_info表的索引读取。

作为甲骨文全球大会OpenWorld 2012中的重要产品发布，新版Oracle Database 12c汇集了参会者最多的目光，Larry Ellison也在开幕演讲中重点介绍了12c 的一些新特性。

对于Oracle DBA来说，虽然数据库12c正式发布的日期还要等到明年年初，但依旧希望能够提前了解它的一些新功能、新特性。

在OpenWorld 2012的技术讲座环节，Oracle技术大师Tom Kyte集中介绍了Oracle Database 12c的十二大新特性，而Oracle ACE总监杨廷琨也对此进行了总结，希望让国内DBA一睹为快。

1.PL/SQL性能增强：类似在匿名块中定义过程，现在可以通过WITH语句在SQL中定义一个函数，采用这种方式可以提高SQL调用的性能。

2.改善Defaults：包括序列作为默认值;自增列;当明确插入NULL时指定默认值;METADATA-ONLY default值指的是增加一个新列时指定的默认值，和11g 中的区别在于，11g的default值要求NOT NULL列。

3.放宽多种数据类型长度限制：增加了VARCHAR2、NVARCHAR2和RAW类型的长度到32K，要求兼容性设置为12.0.0.0以上，且设置了初始化参数MAX_SQL_STRING_SIZE为EXTENDED，这个功能不支持CLUSTER表和索引组织表;最后这个功能并不是真正改变了VARCHAR2的限制，而是通过OUT OF LINE的CLOB 实现。

4.TOP N的语句实现：在SELECT语句中使用“FETCH next N rows”或者“OFFSET”，可以指定前N条或前百分之多少的记录。

5.行模式匹配：类似分析函数的功能，可以在行间进行匹配判断并进行计算。

在SQL中新的模式匹配语句是“match_recognize”。

6.分区改进：Oracle Database 12c中对分区功能做了较多的调整，Oracle ACE总监杨廷琨花了较大的篇幅对分区提升进行了解读，其中共分成6个部分：INTERVAL-REFERENCE分区：把11g的interval分区和reference分区结合，这样主表自动增加一个分区后，所有的子表、孙子表、重孙子表、重重重...孙子表都可以自动随着外接列新数据增加，自动创建新的分区。

Oracle Streams to Oracle GoldenGate Migration UtilityOracle GoldenGate is Oracle’s strategic technology for data replication. Our latest release, Oracle GoldenGate 12c, reinforces Oracle’s leadership in the real-time transactional data replication space. This release improves business’ ability to manage transactional processing in complex, heterogeneous environments by providing simplified configuration, extreme processing for increased data volumes and improved high availability solutions. We are dedicated to helping our Oracle Streams customer’s transition to our market leading replication technology. To assist with this initiative, Oracle has developed a tool to help customers easily convert their existing Oracle Streams configuration into an Oracle GoldenGate configuration. Streams2OGG tool is available for download from the Oracle Support Portal via Document ID 1912338.1 Please note: The following information assumes that the reader is familiar with both Oracle Streams and Oracle GoldenGate concepts . The Streams2OGG Tool Oracle Streams and Oracle GoldenGate (OGG) replication solutions follow similar concepts: capture from source database, route changes to the target database and apply changes to the target database. Advantages: The Streams2OGG tool auto generates Oracle GoldenGate configuration files, which greatly simplifies the effort required to migrate off Oracle Streams to Oracle GoldenGate 12c . This tool will help our customers: ∙ Eliminate manual conversion errors ∙ Minimize the GoldenGate learning curve for Streams customers ∙Implement GoldenGate best practicesHow it Works:The Streams2OGG migration tool is performed at the database level byconnecting to the Streams Administrator schema, loading the Streams2OGGpackage, and then executing the package procedure to generate the OracleGoldenGate parameter files based on the Streams configuration in that database.∙Capture information is written to an Oracle GoldenGate extractparameter file∙Propagation information is written to an Oracle GoldenGate pumpparameter file∙Apply information is written to an Oracle GoldenGate replicat parameterfileThis tool supports generating Oracle GoldenGate configuration files for use on adifferent database or machine, allowing for testing and platform migrations. Thetool provides a customization option for specifying process names and OracleGoldenGate version.It is important to note:∙This tool does not provide the environment or process forswitching from Oracle Streams over to your Oracle GoldenGateimplementation.∙This tool does not support the Change Data Capture (CDC) featureof Oracle Database.Assumptions:∙Streams configuration exists in the database prior to using theStreams2OGG migration tool.∙By default, configures for Oracle GoldenGate release is 12.1.2.1.0supporting Integrated Capture and Integrated Delivery features forOracle Database 11.2.0.4 release or higher.Requirements and Pre-requisites:∙The Streams migration tool uses the existing Streams AdministratorSchema to load the tool and to generate the Oracle GoldenGateconfiguration files. Therefore, the Streams Administrator should have theappropriate privileges for Streams including DBA role.2 |3 |Oracle GoldenGate Integrated Capture and Integrated Delivery are configured for Streams customers. While Integrated Capture is available beginning with Oracle Database 11g Release 2 (11.2.0.3) and the Oracle GoldenGate 11.2.1 release, the Streams2OGG generated files may need to be modified for this earlier release of Integrated Capture. Integrated Delivery is introduced inOracle GoldenGate 12c and is available with Oracle Database 11g Release 2(11.2.0.4) and Oracle Database 12c. It is not available for earlier releases ofthe database.C O N T A CFor more information about Oracle Management Pack for Oracle GoldenGate, visit or call+1.800.ORACLE1 to speak to an Oracle representative.C O N N E C T W I T H U S/dataintegration /oracledataintegration /ORCLGoldenGate /goto/goldengate Copyright © 2015, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. This document is provided for information purposes only, and the contents hereof are subject to change without notice. This document is not warranted to be error-free, nor subject to any other warranties or conditions, whether expressed orally or implied in law, including implied warranties and conditions of merchantability or fitness for a particular purpose. We specifically disclaim any liability with respect to this document, and no contractual obligations are formed either directly or indirectly by this document. This document may not be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, for any purpose, without our prior written permission.Oracle and Java are registered trademarks of Oracle and/or its affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective owners. Intel and Intel Xeon are trademarks or registered trademarks of Intel Corporation. All SPARC trademarks are used under license and are trademarks or registered trademarks of SPARC International, Inc. AMD, Opteron, the AMD logo, and the AMD Opteron logo are trademarks or registered trademarks of Advanced Micro Devices. UNIX is a registered trademark of The Open Group. 0515。

Oracle®Enterprise Data QualityRelease Notes12c(12.2.1)E56641-01October2015This document contains the release information for Oracle Enterprise Data Quality(EDQ)12c(12.2.1)and includes the following:■New Features and Improvements■Deprecation Notice■Issues Resolved■Known Issues and Workarounds■Upgrade ConsiderationsOracle recommends you review its contents before installing or working with theproduct.New Features and ImprovementsThe following sections describe the new features introduced in this release as well asimprovements.WebLogic Clustering and Oracle RAC SupportThis release now offers full support for WebLogic clustering,and improved supportfor Oracle RAC,including the ability for all servers in a cluster to share the sameconfiguration and results schemas in a database,added tolerance for RAC node andDB failures,and automatic job control and load balancing.JavaScript SupportJava Script is supported in12.2.2by use of the Nashorn engine integrated with Java8.Scripts written in JavaScript which do not use E4X will not need to be changed(Themost common use case for E4X is in custom scripts decoding and creating XML in JMS'bucket'files.).Customer Data ServicesThe following notes apply to Customer Data Services.PerformanceIn this release,Key Generation and Matching services are considerably richer than inprevious versions.Because of these enhancements,performance may be somewhatslower(higher average response time and lower throughput)than in the previousrelease.You can mitigate this by using the new Key Analysis feature which selects the optimum key generation profile for your data to ensure matching is run efficiently. Using Existing Customer Data ServicesYou can continue to use your existing Customer Data Services,as well as all existing configuration(especially Watchlist Screening configurations based on Oracle Watchlist Screening11)in Enterprise Data Quality12.2.1,without performance degradation.Integrated Installation of CDS and EDQThe installation of Oracle Enterprise Data Quality now also includes the installation of CDS widgets,gadgets,and reference data in the landing area.This ensures that an installation of EDQ can access CDS functionality.Improved Control of Key Method EnablementThis feature allows you to create key profiles which specify the enablement of key methods,and allows the extension of EDQ-CDS to offer a wider menu of key method algorithms.You can assign priority ordering to key methods for efficient candidate selection.The existing cluster level is deprecated and replaced with a new key profile setting.Key AnalysisThe key analysis feature allows you to analyze the keys generated for the customer data to determine the optimum key profile,and provide a report of analysis results. The feature profiles key values for all key methods,for the full customer data,and scores key methods based on their characteristics,including high frequency key values,and the distribution/diversity of key values.The output of Key Analysis is a recommended Key Profile that can be used to tune the matching performance and efficacy of the CDS matching services.Output New Match MetadataThis feature provides more granular details about why two records matched,and which logical match identifiers contributed to a match.The feature outputs new EDQ match metadata for each logical match identifier.Enable Matching on Customer-Added AttributesThis features improves how you configure matching by allowing you to use up to six custom string and up to three custom date attributes in match,to use any custom attributes in keying,and to adjust the attribute contribution to match scoring.The input interfaces are extended to include new attributes for data and corresponding configuration parameters.The custom attributes are standardized for keying and matching.The key method used for each custom attribute is dependent on key profile.The method is fixed for manual profiles.The best option is determined during key analysis for automatic profiles.Inverted Elimination IDsInverted Elimination IDs support cross-segment only matching.These IDs have similar functionality to Elimination Ids(EIDs)but produces a’No match’result when the identifier values are the same.This feature allows you to eliminate matches where records share a common value.For example,find duplicate contacts across accounts but NOT[that is,eliminate]matches within account hierarchiesAdjusting Match Attribute WeightingsThis feature externalizes match weightings in EDQ to allow external configuration of the weightings.Configuration information is passed on a per-message basis. Weightings are assigned to logical match identifiers,and contribution values are used in a weighted scoring algorithm.Match FlexibilityThis feature allows matching to be configured in a more efficient and flexible way.You can set up compound comparisons with all match rules on a given logical identifier, with custom scoring on each rule,and optionally configure scoring across logical identifiers.Match rules are more flexible to allow comparison,compound comparison, and scoring results to be used as criteria.The benefits of this feature include■Ease of setting up match configuration:many less rules will have to be specified explicitly,therefore meaning much less configuration time required to set up■Flexibility:rules will be able to take into account the matching or non-matching of all groups within the rule,meaning more accurate information will be able to be returned on a match■Externalization:allowing weightings across the new groups and allowing these to be externalized will help external configuration of match.For example,giving a higher weighting to a logical group can be used increase the contribution that this group's score can make towards an overall score.It will also be possible to turn offa logical group completely.Update to Address Verification ConnectorThe Address Verification processor has been improved to add support for certified outputs(CASS,SERP and AMAS)and to support Traditional Chinese as a specific output script option.Incorporate the DataDirect Hadoop DriverThis feature broadens the connectivity support in EDQ by implementing the DataDirect Hadoop driver.This allows you to connect to a HIVE data store.For more information,seehttps:///data-sources/apache-hive-drivers-for-odbc-and-jdb c.REST Web Services and Configuration APIA Web services interface allows the display of EDQ jobs in Oracle Enterprise Manager. For example,http://server:port/edq/config/projects returns a list of projects (name/id)in JSON format.Adding an:Accept:text/xml header to the request returns the results in XML format.Deprecation NoticeRhino(the JavaScript Engine)is deprecated in this release,and will be removed in the next major release of Enterprise Data Quality.Custom scripts that use the E4X functionality of Rhino,which is often used to construct XML,for example to call an external web service,should if possible be rewritten after upgrade to EDQ12.2.1. Issues ResolvedThe following sections describe the bugs resolved in this release.Convert Number to Date ProcessorThe convert number to date processor has a milliseconds from base date option that was not working correctly.A fix is included in this release,and the feature is working. CED Comparison Failed When Set to NodataA problem was reported in Release11g in which a nodata result was given for an attribute result that had data.The problem has been corrected in12c.Failed to Set Priority from Workflow in Non-English LocaleA problem was reported in which a user could not set priorities in the workflow when using non-English locales.That issue has been resolved in this release.JNDI Data Store Configuration Not Offering User Name and Password ProtectionThis release includes a fix for a problem in which users were not offered the opportunity to password protect their JDNI data stores.Now Username and Password protection is offered.Define Purge Rules for Event DataPurge rules have been extended to cover a situation in which event data was using large amounts of tablespace.This functionality can be activated by adding an xml file to the housekeeping folder of the config with the following details.The parameter is the time,in days,that the event log entry must be older than to be deleted..<housekeeping>.<task name="eventpurger"><start>02:00:00</start><interval units="hours">24</interval><parameter>10</parameter></task>.EDQ Incorrectly Mapped OPSS Groups with Spaces in NamesAn error occurred when trying to map external groups to internal groups when the external group’s name included spaces.This is no longer a problem in this release. Known Issues and WorkaroundsThe following sections describe known issues and any workarounds that exist in the 12c(12.2.1).Address Cleaning ServiceThe Address Cleaning service has been changed so that it will always use the country code you provide rather than the default country code in the Run Profile.If you do not provide a country code or it cannot be mapped to the standard country codes inEDQ-CDS,then EDQ-CDS attempts to derive country from the address data provided. When this is not possible,the default country code in the Run Profile is used. Upgrade ConsiderationsThe following are some of the major considerations for upgrading to12c(12.2.1). Upgrades in an Oracle WebLogic Server Environment■Read Planning an Upgrade of Oracle Fusion Middleware for guidelines for preparing to upgrade to Oracle Fusion Middleware12c(12.2.1).This documentation also includes descriptions of terminology changes that you must understand to move forward to a12c environment.■If your current EDQ version is11.1.1.7or later and was installed with Oracle Universal Installer(OUI),you can use the Upgrade Assistant to upgrade yourinstallation directly to12c(12.2.1).■All EDQ components must be shut down and remain stopped until you are prompted to start them at the end of these upgrade instructions.The WebLogic Server console must remain running until you are prompted to shut it downduring the upgrade procedure.For all upgrade scenarios,see“Upgrading EDQ On WebLogic Servers”in Oracle Fusion Middleware Installing and Configuring Enterprise Data Quality.Upgrades in an Apache Tomcat EnvironmentYou can perform a direct upgrade to version12c of EDQ only from Tomcat version8.If you are running Tomcat6,you must upgrade Tomcat to version7before proceeding with the EDQ upgrade.See the Apache Tomcat documentation atTo upgrade to12c(12.2.1),see“Upgrading EDQ On Tomcat Servers”in Oracle Fusion Middleware Installing and Configuring Enterprise Data Quality.If this is software or related documentation that is delivered to the ernment or anyone licensing it on behalf of the ernment,then the following notice is applicable:ERNMENT END USERS:Oracle programs,including any operating system,integrated software,any programs installed on the hardware, and/or documentation,delivered to ernment end users are"commercial computer software"pursuant to the applicable Federal Acquisition Regulation and agency-specific supplemental regulations.As such,use,duplication,disclosure,modification,and adaptation of the programs, including any operating system,integrated software,any programs installed on the hardware,and/or documentation,shall be subject to license terms and license restrictions applicable to the programs.No other rights are granted to the ernment.This software or hardware is developed for general use in a variety of information management applications.It is not developed or intended for use in any inherently dangerous applications,including applications that may create a risk of personal injury.If you use this software or hardware in dangerous applications,then you shall be responsible to take all appropriate fail-safe,backup,redundancy,and other measures to ensure its safe use.Oracle Corporation and its affiliates disclaim any liability for any damages caused by use of this software or hardware in dangerous applications. 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Oracle 数据库12c新特性总结导读：本系列文章是Oracle ACE总监Syed Jaffer Hussain对Oracle数据库12c的一些新特性总结，包括数据库管理、RMAN、高可用性以及性能调优等内容。

关键词：Oracle数据库12c RMAN PGA限制不可见字段【TechTarget中国原创】编者按：甲骨文公司近日正式发布了新版旗舰级数据库Oracle Database 12c，在TechTarget数据库网站之前的一些报道中，我们曾对12c的一些新特性进行了介绍（参考：尝鲜Oracle Database 12c的十二大新特性）而随着产品正式GA，相关技术文档也披露了更多关于12c数据库的细节。

本系列文章是Oracle ACE总监Syed Jaffer Hussain对Oracle 数据库12c的一些新特性总结，包括数据库管理、RMAN、高可用性以及性能调优等内容。

Oracle 数据库12c新特性总结（一）在第一部分中，我们将介绍：1. 在线迁移活跃的数据文件2. 表分区或子分区的在线迁移3. 不可见字段4. 相同字段上的多重索引5. DDL日志6. 临时undo7. 新的备份用户特权8. 如何在RMAN中执行SQL语句9. RMAN中的表级别恢复10. PGA的大小限制问题1. 在线重命名和重新定位活跃数据文件不同于以往的版本，在Oracle数据库12c R1版本中对数据文件的迁移或重命名不再需要太多繁琐的步骤，即把表空间置为只读模式，接下来是对数据文件进行离线操作。

在12c R1中，可以使用ALTER DATABASE MOVE DATAFILE这样的SQL语句对数据文件进行在线重命名和移动。

而当此数据文件正在传输时，终端用户可以执行查询，DML以及DDL方面的任务。

另外，数据文件可以在存储设备间迁移，如从非ASM迁移至ASM，反之亦然。

重命名数据文件：SQL> ALTER DATABASE MOVE DATAFILE '/u00/data/users01.dbf' TO '/u00/data/u sers_01.dbf';从非ASM迁移数据文件至ASM：SQL> ALTER DATABASE MOVE DATAFILE '/u00/data/users_01.dbf' TO '+DG_DATA ';将数据文件从一个ASM磁盘群组迁移至另一个ASM磁盘群组：SQL> ALTER DATABASE MOVE DATAFILE '+DG_DATA/DBNAME/DATAFILE/users_0 1.dbf ' TO '+DG_DATA_02';在数据文件已存在于新路径的情况下，以相同的命名将其覆盖：SQL> ALTER DATABASE MOVE DATAFILE '/u00/data/users_01.dbf' TO '/u00/data_ new/users_01.dbf' REUSE;复制文件到一个新路径，同时在原路径下保留其拷贝：SQL> ALTER DATABASE MOVE DATAFILE '/u00/data/users_01.dbf' TO '/u00/data_ new/users_01.dbf' KEEP;当通过查询v$session_longops动态视图来移动文件时，你可以监控这一过程。

串串⾏行行到并⾏行行解读Oracle 12.2的核⼼心新特性孙雪云和恩墨墨•Agility – 敏捷–Rapid provisioning, cloning, movement•Elasticity – 弹性–Scale-out CPU cores, storage, memory•Cloud-scale Operations–Manage many databases as-one •Transforming Data Management–From Disk-based to In-Memory Databases –From Data Warehouse to Big Data–From On-Prem to Database Optimized CloudOracle 12c 的设计理理念转型深度转型速度适应性⾏行行业 重塑型⾏行行业迟钝型⾏行行业互补性⾏行行业Oracle 在12c中做了了什什么⾼高可⽤用⽤用于数据仓库的Data Guard；表的在线迁移和分区DBCA创建standbyIn-Memory IM expressions; Virtual Column；Fast Start；Join groupCore Improvement 实时索引配置情绪分析和搭配提取⽂文档单词的同义词创建只读分区Sharding分⽚片⾃自动部署；⽣生命周期管理理⾃自动管理理智能路路由RAC and GridActiveData GuardBig andData WarehouseMultitenantFlex ASM；Flex ClusterExtended RAC的配置⽀支持远程AWR；ADG⽀支持 SQL tuning advisor基于快照的standby只读实例例，local temp tablespace；并⾏行行递归with的增强SQL执⾏行行计划的增强管理理Application container；Domain based on PDBProxy PDB串串⾏行行的世界说多了了都是泪串串⾏行行到并⾏行行为什什么如此重要企业应⽤用的变化：业务系统增多业务数据量量变⼤大并发访问严重⽽而系统⾯面临的问题：通过CPU主频提升，软件能够⾃自动提升性能的时代已经⼀一去不不复返;⽽而⽤用户对于性能，响应速度要求更更⾼高在⾼高并发系统中，串串⾏行行就是等待⾼高配置⾼高并发⾼高等待阿姆达尔定律律串串⾏行行到并⾏行行，Slave 进程的引⼊入RAC 并⾏行行优化：LMs ! RMVn,CRn 单库并⾏行行优化：LGWR !LGnn 132Dg 并⾏行行优化：Multi MRP单实例例并⾏行行：LGWR! LGnn1、LGWR的作⽤用：2、LGWR相关的等待： Foreground：Log file Sync Background：Log file parallel write3、 Log file Sync产⽣生的原因：commit 过于频繁？ Log buffer 过⼤大？CPU负载⾼高？4、什什么时候会产⽣生log file sync等待1)commit操作2)rollback操作3)DDL操作（DDL操作实施前都会⾸首先进⾏行行⼀一次commit）4)DDL操作导致的数据字典修改所产⽣生的commit5)某些能递归修改数据字典的操作：⽐比如查询SEQ的next值，可能会导致修改数据字典。

Oracle Database 12c 版本介绍Oracle Database 12 c有三种版本，提供多种企业版选件来满足客户对各种领域（性能和可用性、安全性和合规性、数据仓储和分析、非结构化数据和可管理性）的特定需求。

Oracle Database 12 c 标准版1企业级的性能和安全性Oracle Database 12 c 标准版1经过了优化，适用于部署在小型企业、各类业务部门和分散的分支机构环境中。

该版本可在单个服务器上运行，最多支持两个插槽。

Oracle Database 12c 标准版1可以在包括Windows Linux和Unix在内的所有Oracle支持的操作系统上使用。

概述快速安装和配置，具有内置的自动化管理适用于所有类型的数据和所有应用公认的性能、可靠性、安全性和可扩展性使用通用代码库，可无缝升级到Oracle Database12c 标准版或OracleDatabase 12 c 企业版优势以极低的每用户180美元起步（最少5个用户）以企业级性能、安全性、可用性和可扩展性支持所有业务应用可运行于Windows Linux和Unix操作系统通过自动化的自我管理功能轻松管理借助Oracle Application Express 、Oracle SQL Developer 和Oracle面向Windows的数据访问组件简化应用开发Oracle Database 12 c 标准版经济实惠、功能全面的数据库Oracle Database 12 c 标准版是面向中型企业的一个经济实惠、功能全面的数据管理解决方案。

该版本中包含一个可插拔数据库用于插入云端，还包含Oracle真正应用集群用于实现企业级可用性，并且可随您的业务增长而轻松扩展。

支持使用一个可插拔数据库实现入门级云计算和整合跨平台恢复内置的Oracle真正应用集群支持更高水平的系统正常运行时间简化的安装和配置适用于所有类型的数据和所有应用向上兼容Oracle Database 12 c 企业版，从而保护您的初期投资优势每用户350美元（最少5个用户），您可以只购买目前需要的许可，然后使用Oracle真正应用集成随需扩展，从而节省成本提高服务质量，实现企业级性能、安全性和可用性可运行于Windows Linux和Unix操作系统通过自动化的自我管理功能轻松管理借助Oracle Application Express 、Oracle SQL Developer 和Oracle面向Windows的数据访问组件简化应用开发Oracle Database 12 c 企业版插入云端全球首屈一指的数据库推出最新版本Oracle Database 12 c 现已推出,可在各种平台上使用。

Program AgendaWindows Platform Support Oracle Database 12c Release 2Cloud123Windows Platform SupportWindows Server 2016 and Windows 10 Supported Editions•Windows Server 2016 editions–Datacenter, Essentials, and Standard Edition •Windows 10 editions–Education, Enterprise, and ProDatabase Certification on 32-bit WindowsOS11.2 DB and client112.1 client2 Windows 7Yes Yes Windows Server 2008Yes Yes Windows Server 2008 R2Yes Yes Windows 811.2.0.4Yes Windows 8.111.2.0.412.1.0.2 Windows Server 201211.2.0.4 Yes Windows 10No12.1.0.2#1RAC 11.2 and higher does not support for 32-bit Windows#2For 12.1 and higher, only DB Client supports 32-bit WindowsNote: Oracle Database Client 12.2 and higher will only support Windows x64.Database Certification on 64-bit WindowsOS11.212.1 12.2 Windows 71Yes Yes Yes Windows Server 2008Yes Yes No Windows Server 2008 R2 Yes Yes No Windows 8111.2.0.4Yes Yes Windows 8.1111.2.0.4 12.1.0.2 Yes Windows Server 201211.2.0.412.1.0.2Yes Windows Server 2012 R211.2.0.412.1.0.2Yes Windows 101No12.1.0.2Yes Windows Server 2016No No Yes2 Note: 32-bit Oracle Client is supported on Windows x64#1RAC and some server features not supported on Windows clients#2To be certified shortly post-releaseDatabase Certification on Windows Hyper-VGuest OS11.212.112.2 Windows Server 2008 R211.2.0.4 (SI only)12.1.0.2 (SI only) No Windows Server 201211.2.0.4 (SI and RAC)12.1.0.x (SI only) 12.2 (SI and RAC) Windows Server 2012 R211.2.0.4 (SI and RAC)12.1.0.2 (SI and RAC)12.2 (SI and RAC) (Generation 1)Windows Server 2012 R2No12.1.0.2 (SI and RAC)12.2 (SI and RAC) (Generation 2)•Host OS: Microsoft Hyper-V Server 2012 and 2012 R2 are certified •Host OS: Microsoft Hyper-V Server 2016 will be certifiedOracle Database 12c Release 2 SecuritySecurity•Oracle Home User•Windows Native Authentication •Kerberos and ASM enhancementsOracle Home User Support•Run Windows Services for Oracle using a standard Windows account •Specify a standard (not an administrator) Windows User Account as Oracle Home User during install and upgradeMicrosoft Windows User Types Overview Built-inAccountLocalSystem (Full Administrator Privileges)LocalService(Minimumprivileges)User AccountAdministrator(Local orDomain user)Standard User(Local orDomain User)ManagedService Acct(Domain User)•Account needs to be associated withspecific computer system (s)•No password management needed onlocal hosts•No need to provide passwords duringWindows service configurationVirtual Account(for WindowsService)New Windows User Account Types Supported•Virtual Account–Introduced by Microsoft in Windows 7 and Windows Server 2008 R2–Each Windows Service has it’s own virtual account name–No password management–Can work in a workgroup or domain–Ability to access the network with a computer identity in a domain environment •Group Managed Service Account (gMSA)–Introduced by Microsoft in Windows Server 2012–Single Group Managed Service Account (gMSA) can be used on multiple hosts –No password management needed on local hosts–No need to provide passwords during Windows service configurationOracle Database Server InstallOracle Home User•Different from Oracle Installation User who must have OS administration privileges•Services for the Oracle Home run with this user name•Can be Windows Built-in Account or Virtual Account or a standard Windows User Account•Can not be changed post install•Have similarities with ‘oracle’ user on Linux, though you can not log in as the Oracle Home User on Windows and perform administration tasks (e.g. Create DB, Install, Upgrade)Virtual Account Support•New default for Single Instance Oracle Database Server install•Only supported for Single Instance Oracle Database Server install •No need to manage user name or password for Oracle Home User •Database files are owned by the virtual account for the Oracle Database Windows Service (e.g. NT Service\OracleServiceORCL) •Note: DB Client, built-in account option, uses LocalService and Service SIDs for client side Windows services, and is very similar to how Virtual Account worksGroup Managed Service Account support•Supported for all Oracle Database installs (DB Client, Single Instance Oracle Database, RAC and Grid Infrastructure)•Works like any other domain user but no need to create Oracle wallet and/or provide password for any database operationOracle RAC Database InstallOracle Grid Infrastructure InstallDatabase Client Install•For Built-in Accountoption, WindowsServices run underLocalService (notLocalSystem) forDatabase ClientInstallWindows Account option for Oracle Home User Needs to bepre-created?Password neededduring DBoperations?DBServer(SI)DBClientDBServer(RAC)GridInfra-structureVirtual Account N N Y N N N Built-in Account (internally, useLocalSystem)N N Y N Y YBuilt-in Account (internally, useLocalService)#2N N N Y N N Local User Account#2N Y Y#1Y N N Managed Services Account Y N Y Y N N Group Managed Services Account Y N Y Y Y Y Domain Account Y Y Y Y Y Y#1 –Windows OS authentication can not be used across systems#2 –Windows Services can not access any secure shared network resource using its own Windows identity`Oracle Database Services on WindowsOracle ListenerServiceDatabasesOracle DatabaseServiceORACLE BASEORACLE HOMEOther FilesWindows ServicesFile System ACLs•Services run as a Windows User (e.g. domain1\frank)•Each service also has a unique Service SID (e.g. Database sid orcl has service SID: NTAUTHORITY\OracleServiceORCL)•Either user name or Service SID can be used to grant privileges or set ACLs for file system access•Oracle sets appropriate ACLs for Oracle Home and Oracle Base•For customer specific files/directories in non-standard locations, ACLs may need to be changed to make them accessible to Oracle ServicesPlease check Oracle Database Platform Guide for Microsoft Windows for more information.Database Creation•Database Configuration Assistant (DBCA) is used to create or modify Oracle Database as a part of install or as post install action •Administrator, invoking the tools, needs to be an OS Administrator and should have appropriate database privileges•Use the icon Database Configuration Assistant(the icon is set up to “run as administrator”) to invoke DBCA•As Windows Service creation requires both user id and password, DBCA will ask for the password of Oracle Home User (if needed) in order to create the Windows Service•For Single Instance DB, password is needed for Windows Local User and Domain User•For RAC, the customer has the option to store password in wallet; if not stored, the password needs to be input for Windows Domain UserDatabase 1 (12c)Database 1 (11.2)Oracle Database UpgradeORACLE_BASEORADATAORACLE_HOME (11.2)Database 2 (11.2)ORACLE_BASEORADATAORACLE_HOME (11.2)Database 2 (11.2)ORACLE_HOME (12c)Oracle Home and Database Upgrade•Database Upgrade Assistant (DBUA) is used for database upgrade across Oracle Homes as a part of install or as post install action •Administrator, invoking the tools, needs to be an OS Administrator and should have appropriate database privileges•Use the icon Database Upgrade Assistant (the icon is set up to “run as administrator”)•Requirement to enter Oracle Home User and Password is similar to Database creation•When a database is upgraded, it will ask for password of Oracle HomeUser (if needed)Administration Tools•All GUI tools (e.g. DBCA, NETCA) enhanced to support Oracle Home User and ask for password if needed•All command line tools (e.g. ORADIM, LSNRCTL, CMCTL) enhanced to accept Oracle Home User name and password through stdin for service creation•Silent Install and Cloning enhanced to support Oracle Home User •CRSCTL can be used to create wallet for storing password of Oracle Home User (RAC environment)•Enterprise Manager support of Oracle Home User for provisioning, patching, and service creationManagement of Oracle Home User•As it is a standard Windows user, Windows tools can be used to manage the Windows account (e.g. add privileges, change password)•For changing password of the Oracle Home User account–Use Windows tools to change the password–Windows also requires all Windows Services to be updated to use the new password –For all Windows Services used by Oracle, you can use the icon Update Password for Oracle Home User to:•update password for all Windows services used by Oracle on a computer (Single Instance Database or Client)•change password in Oracle wallet and update password for all Windows services used by Oracle ina cluster (for RAC)You can also use the tool Oracle Home User Control (orahomeuserctl) in command line (run as administrator)Recommendations for Oracle Home User•For DB server (SI)–Use Virtual Account to avoid password management (12.2)–For 12.1, specify a Windows user account during install•For RAC DB and Grid Infrastructure install–Use a domain user or group managed service account–For a group managed service account (12.2), you do not need to provide the password for any database operation•If you want to separate out administration domains (e.g. Production and Test databases) of different Oracle Homes for security reasons:–Use Virtual Account and specify distinct Oracle Base directory for each administration domain –Use distinct Oracle Home User account (and Oracle Base directory) for each administration domain •For DB client install, use Built-in Account optionSecurity•Oracle Home User•Windows Native Authentication •Kerberos and ASM enhancementsWindows Native Authentication (NTS)•Enabled by default and can work across Windows systems•Windows user logon credentials used for database authentication •Windows Explorer or Oracle Administration Assistant can be used to manage user authentication and role authorization•Works for Pluggable Databases•New client-side parameter in sqlnet.ora:–"no_ntlm“, which may be set to true for security reasons. (Only works for domain users) –Examples: CONNECT / AS SYSDBA or CONNECT /Windows Native AuthenticationSYSDBA and SYSOPER Privileges•ORA_DBA–SYSDBA privileges for all Oracle Databases on the system •ORA_OPER–SYSOPER privileges for all Oracle Databases on the system •ORA_<HomeName>_DBA (12cR1)–SYSDBA privileges for Oracle Databases on a specific Oracle Home •ORA_<HomeName>_OPER (12cR1)–SYSOPER privileges for Oracle Databases on a specific Oracle HomeAll the groups are on the server systemWindows Native AuthenticationSeparation of Privileges•ORA_<HomeName>_ SYSBACKUP (12cR1)–Backup privileges (SYSBACKUP) for databases of a specific Oracle Home •ORA_<HomeName>_SYSDG (12cR1)–Data Guard Privileges (SYSDG) for databases of a specific Oracle Home•ORA_<HomeName>_ SYSKM (12cR1)–Encryption Key Management privileges (SYSKM) for databases of a specific Oracle HomeAll the groups are on the server systemWindows Native Authentication•ORA_ASMADMIN (12cR1)–SYSASM administration privileges on the computer•ORA_ASMDBA (12cR1)–SYSDBA privileges for ASM Instance on the computer•ORA_ASMOPER (12cR1)–SYSOPER privileges for ASM Instance on the computer•ORA_DBA and ORA_OPER group members no longer get privileges for ASM instance Administrative Privileges for ASM InstanceAll the groups are on the server systemSecurity•Oracle Home User•Windows Native Authentication •Kerberos and ASM enhancementsKerberos and ASM Enhancements•Kerberos–Security enhancements that were introduced in the MIT Kerberos Release 1.8 distribution–In sqlnet.ora, setSQLNET.KERBEROS5_CC_NAME = MSLSA: (instead of OSMSFT:)•ASM file access control–Restrict access of database files to the owner of the database homeOracle Database 12c Release 2 Scalability and PerformanceLarge Pages•Improve performance with large pages support–2 MB Page size (instead of 4 KB)•If Oracle Home User is a standard Windows account, administrator must grant the "Lock pages in memory" privilege to Oracle Home User or Service SID of Oracle Database Service (NTAUTHORITY\OracleService<sid>)Large Pages•Under HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SOFTWARE\ORACLE\KEY_HOMENAME–Create ORA_LPENABLE or ORA_SID_LPENABLE–Set the value to 1 for regular mode and 2 for mixed mode–Mixed mode is the new option to allow use of large pages but fall back to small pages if OS is not able to allocate large pages–ORA_SID_LPMAXTIME is the optional time parameter for mixed mode•If a server has been running for some time and memory is fragmented, OS may fail to allocate large pages–Mixed mode can be used to ensure that DB comes up in such casesMultiple Processor Groups•Support max of 10 processor groups with up to 64 CPUs in each group in 12.1.0.2 (12.1.0.1 supports 4 processor groups)•ORACLE_AFFINITY enhanced to enable affinity of Oracle threads to CPUs in multiple processor groups–processorgroup is an optional parameter designating Windows CPU group •On systems with 64+ logical CPUs, Windows divides all available CPUs into 4 groups (0,1,2,3) with each group containing no more than 64 logical CPUs•Details in Oracle Database Platform Guide for Microsoft WindowsDNFS Client and Resilient File System•Database 12c DNFS client–Standard NFS path formats allow user to utilize standard URN notation for NFS in oranfstab config file and while working with oradnfs utility•e.g.“nfs://server/share/file”•Windows Resilient File System supportOracle Database 12c Release 2 Ease of Management and DevelopmentOracle Database Instance Manager Available as Microsoft Management Console Snap-InORADIM as an MMC Snap-In•ORADIM performs DB create, edit, delete, start, and shutdown operations •All ORADIM operations available in snap-in•Benefits–Centralized instance management for all Oracle Database Homes–Familiar Windows GUI management tool•Found in path ORACLE_HOME\MMC Snap-Ins\oradim or click on ORADIM shortcut in Oracle Home.NET DevelopmentODAC•DB Client 12.2–Application Continuity–Sharding•ODAC 12.2–Connection pool tagging– Database Resident Connection Pooling (DRCP)–Oracle Multitenant improvements–Oracle Edition-Based Redefinition improvements–Offline Schema Compare in Visual StudioCloud Windows and .NETOracle Compute Cloud ServiceDeploy .NET applications to Oracle IaaS on Windows •Windows 2012 R2and Windows 2008 R2VMs available from Oracle Cloud Marketplace to–Free during promotional period–Deploy to Oracle Compute•Deploy and configure IIS, .NET, and apps to Oracle Compute–How To White Paper: Deploying Microsoft Web ApplicationServer on Oracle Compute Cloud ServiceDevelopment & Test Easy On-Ramp to Oracle Database Cloud Services Dedicated Exadata Full-Instance Enterprise ExadataExpressHighest Availability, Scalability, Performance SMB, Departmental ApplicationsEnterprise ApplicationsThe Best Cloud Database for Windows Developers •Popular language drivers–•Multiple interfaces–Full Oracle Net (SQL*Net)–REST API, JSON storage •Updated tools–Oracle Developer Tools for VS –SQL Developer, Data Modeler –Powerful new command-lineDATABASE12cR2Oracle APEXOracle SQLDeveloperOracle Database Exadata Express Cloud Service Connect from On-premises•Use and ODT 12.1 for Oracle Public Cloud or higher –ODT for VS 2015 and VS 2013–Managed and unmanaged •How to connect:–Developing .NET Applications for Oracle Database Exadata Express Cloud Service–Uses Oracle Net Services with Oracle Wallet to secure connectionOracle Database Cloud Service (non-Exadata Express) Connect from On-premises•Use and ODT 12.1 for Oracle Public Cloud or higher–ODT for VS 2015 and VS 2013–Managed and unmanaged •How to connect:–Developing .NET Applications for Oracle Database as a Service–Secure Shell (SSH) required to secure connection•Use SSH client to create tunnel, such as PuTTY•PuTTY can also generate private and public SSH key pairQ&A。

Oracle 数据库12c新特性总结导读：本系列文章是Oracle ACE总监Syed Jaffer Hussain对Oracle数据库12c的一些新特性总结，包括数据库管理、RMAN、高可用性以及性能调优等内容。

关键词：Oracle数据库12c RMAN PGA限制不可见字段【TechTarget中国原创】编者按：甲骨文公司近日正式发布了新版旗舰级数据库Oracle Database 12c，在TechTarget数据库网站之前的一些报道中，我们曾对12c的一些新特性进行了介绍（参考：尝鲜Oracle Database 12c的十二大新特性）而随着产品正式GA，相关技术文档也披露了更多关于12c数据库的细节。

本系列文章是Oracle ACE总监Syed Jaffer Hussain对Oracle 数据库12c的一些新特性总结，包括数据库管理、RMAN、高可用性以及性能调优等内容。

Oracle 数据库12c新特性总结（一）在第一部分中，我们将介绍：1. 在线迁移活跃的数据文件2. 表分区或子分区的在线迁移3. 不可见字段4. 相同字段上的多重索引5. DDL日志6. 临时undo7. 新的备份用户特权8. 如何在RMAN中执行SQL语句9. RMAN中的表级别恢复10. PGA的大小限制问题1. 在线重命名和重新定位活跃数据文件不同于以往的版本，在Oracle数据库12c R1版本中对数据文件的迁移或重命名不再需要太多繁琐的步骤，即把表空间置为只读模式，接下来是对数据文件进行离线操作。

在12c R1中，可以使用ALTER DATABASE MOVE DATAFILE这样的SQL语句对数据文件进行在线重命名和移动。

而当此数据文件正在传输时，终端用户可以执行查询，DML以及DDL方面的任务。

另外，数据文件可以在存储设备间迁移，如从非ASM迁移至ASM，反之亦然。

重命名数据文件：SQL> ALTER DATABASE MOVE DATAFILE '/u00/data/users01.dbf' TO '/u00/data/u sers_01.dbf';从非ASM迁移数据文件至ASM：SQL> ALTER DATABASE MOVE DATAFILE '/u00/data/users_01.dbf' TO '+DG_DATA ';将数据文件从一个ASM磁盘群组迁移至另一个ASM磁盘群组：SQL> ALTER DATABASE MOVE DATAFILE '+DG_DATA/DBNAME/DATAFILE/users_0 1.dbf ' TO '+DG_DATA_02';在数据文件已存在于新路径的情况下，以相同的命名将其覆盖：SQL> ALTER DATABASE MOVE DATAFILE '/u00/data/users_01.dbf' TO '/u00/data_ new/users_01.dbf' REUSE;复制文件到一个新路径，同时在原路径下保留其拷贝：SQL> ALTER DATABASE MOVE DATAFILE '/u00/data/users_01.dbf' TO '/u00/data_ new/users_01.dbf' KEEP;当通过查询v$session_longops动态视图来移动文件时，你可以监控这一过程。

Oracle® Enterprise Manager Ops CenterCertified Systems Matrix12c Release 4 (12.4.0.0.0)F17673-01April 2019Certified Systems MatrixThis guide lists the certified systems for Oracle Enterprise Manager Ops Center.The following topics are covered in this document:•Base Operating Systems•Base Browsers•Base Databases•Base Oracle Clusterware for High Availability•Target Operating Systems•Target Servers•Target Non-Server Hardware•Target VirtualizationBase Operating SystemsThis section describes the supported operating systems for the Enterprise Controllerand Proxy Controller.Enterprise Controller Operating SystemsThis table lists the supported operating systems for the Enterprise Controller.Table 1-1 Enterprise Controller Operating SystemsCertificationPlatformVersion Minimum Update Level and CommentsOracle SolarisOracle Solaris SPARC 10Embedded Database: 1/13Customer-Managed Database: 1/13Table 1-1 (Cont.) Enterprise Controller Operating Systems CertificationPlatformVersion Minimum Update Level and CommentsOracle Solaris SPARC 11Embedded Database: 11.3 and 11.4Customer-Managed Database: 11.3 and 11.4Oracle Solaris SPARC Local Zone 10Embedded Database: 1/13Customer-Managed Database: 1/13Oracle Solaris SPARC Local Zone 11Embedded Database: 11.3 and 11.4Customer-Managed Database: 11.3 and 11.4Oracle Solaris SPARC Kernel Zone 11Embedded Database: 11.3 and 11.4Customer-Managed Database: 11.3 and 11.4Oracle VM Server for SPARC 10Embedded Database: 1/13Customer-Managed Database: 1/13Oracle VM Server for SPARC 11Embedded Database: 11.3 and 11.4Customer-Managed Database: 11.3 and 11.4Oracle Solaris x8610Embedded Database: 1/13Customer-Managed Database: 1/13Oracle Solaris x8611Embedded Database: 11.3 and 11.4Customer-Managed Database: 11.3 and 11.4Oracle Solaris x86 Local Zone 10Embedded Database: 1/13Customer-Managed Database: 1/13Oracle Solaris x86 Local Zone 11Embedded Database: 11.3 and 11.4Customer-Managed Database: 11.3 and 11.4Oracle Solaris x86 Kernel Zone 11Embedded Database: 11.3 and 11.4Customer-Managed Database: 11.3 and 11.4LinuxOracle Linux77.0 - 7.3Proxy Controller Operating SystemsThis table lists the supported operating systems for Proxy Controllers. Table 1-2 Proxy Controller Operating SystemsCertification Platform Version Minimum Update Level and Comments Oracle SolarisOracle Solaris SPARC101/13Oracle Solaris SPARC1111.3 and 11.4Oracle Solaris SPARC LocalZone1111.3 and 11.4Table 1-2 (Cont.) Proxy Controller Operating SystemsCertification Platform Version Minimum Update Level and Comments Oracle Solaris SPARCKernel Zone1111.3 and 11.4Oracle VM Server forSPARC101/13Oracle VM Server forSPARC1111.3 and 11.4Oracle Solaris x86101/13Oracle Solaris x861111.3 and 11.4Oracle Solaris x86 LocalZone1111.3 and 11.4Oracle Solaris x86 KernelZone1111.3 and 11.4LinuxOracle Linux77.0 - 7.3Base BrowsersThis table lists the supported browsers for accessing the user interface. Table 1-3 Base BrowsersCertification Platform VersionFirefox64 or laterInternet Explorer11Chrome71 or laterBase DatabasesThis table lists the supported product databases.Table 1-4 Base DatabasesCertification Platform Version Supported Update Level CommentsOracle Database -Customer-Managed 12c12.1.0.2 container and non-containerAll platforms the databasesupports are allowed.Oracle Real ApplicationClusters are supported. 11g11.2.0.3.0 and 11.2.0.4.0Table 1-4 (Cont.) Base DatabasesCertification Platform Version Supported Update Level CommentsOracle Database -Embedded 12c12.1.0.2Oracle Database 12.1.0.2 isused in Oracle EnterpriseManager Ops Center 12.4.Base Oracle Clusterware for High AvailabilityThis table lists the supported Oracle Clusterware versions for Enterprise Controller High Availability.Table 1-5 Base Oracle ClusterwareCertification Platform Version Update LevelOracle Clusterware11gR211.2.0.1 or 11.2.0.3 Target Operating SystemsThis table lists the supported target operating systems.Table 1-6 Target Operating SystemsCertificationPlatformVersion Minimum Update Level and Comments Oracle Solaris SPARCOracle SolarisSPARC101/13Oracle Solaris SPARC 1111.3 and 11.4The Enterprise Controller and Proxy Controller mustbe on Oracle Solaris 11 to update, provision, andagent-manage Oracle Solaris 11 assets.For Oracle Solaris 11.3 and 11.4, support is limited tothe same feature set as Oracle Solaris 11.1, as wellas limited support for Kernel zones. Other featuresintroduced in Oracle Solaris 11.3 and 11.4 are not yetsupported.Oracle SolarisSPARC LocalZone101/13Table 1-6 (Cont.) Target Operating SystemsCertificationPlatformVersion Minimum Update Level and CommentsOracle Solaris SPARC Local Zone 1111.3 and 11.4The Enterprise Controller and Proxy Controller mustbe on Oracle Solaris 11 to update, provision, andagent-manage Oracle Solaris 11 assets.For Oracle Solaris 11.3 and 11.4, support is limited tothe same feature set as Oracle Solaris 11.1, as wellas limited support for Kernel zones. Other featuresintroduced in Oracle Solaris 11.3 and 11.4 are not yetsupported.Oracle Solaris SPARC Kernel Zone 1111.3 and 11.4The Enterprise Controller and Proxy Controller mustbe on Oracle Solaris 11 to update, provision, andagent-manage Oracle Solaris 11 assets.For Oracle Solaris 11.3 and 11.4, support is limited tothe same feature set as Oracle Solaris 11.1, as wellas limited support for Kernel zones. Other featuresintroduced in Oracle Solaris 11.3 and 11.4 are not yetsupported.Oracle VMServer forSPARC101/13Oracle VM Server for SPARC 1111.3 and 11.4The Enterprise Controller and Proxy Controller mustbe on Oracle Solaris 11 to update, provision, andagent-manage Oracle Solaris 11 assets.For Oracle Solaris 11.3 and 11.4, support is limited tothe same feature set as Oracle Solaris 11.1, as wellas limited support for Kernel zones. Other featuresintroduced in Oracle Solaris 11.3 and 11.4 are not yetsupported.Oracle Solaris x86Oracle Solarisx86101/13Oracle Solaris x861111.3 and 11.4The Enterprise Controller and Proxy Controller mustbe on Oracle Solaris 11 to update, provision, andagent-manage Oracle Solaris 11 assets.For Oracle Solaris 11.3 and 11.4, support is limited tothe same feature set as Oracle Solaris 11.1, as wellas limited support for Kernel zones. Other featuresintroduced in Oracle Solaris 11.3 and 11.4 are not yetsupported.Oracle Solarisx86 Local Zone101/13Table 1-6 (Cont.) Target Operating SystemsCertificationPlatformVersion Minimum Update Level and CommentsOracle Solaris x86 Local Zone 1111.3 and 11.4The Enterprise Controller and Proxy Controller mustbe on Oracle Solaris 11 to update, provision, andagent-manage Oracle Solaris 11 assets.For Oracle Solaris 11.3 and 11.4, support is limited tothe same feature set as Oracle Solaris 11.1, as wellas limited support for Kernel zones. Other featuresintroduced in Oracle Solaris 11.3 and 11.4 are not yetsupported.Oracle Solaris x86 Kernel Zone 1111.3 and 11.4The Enterprise Controller and Proxy Controller mustbe on Oracle Solaris 11 to update, provision, andagent-manage Oracle Solaris 11 assets.For Oracle Solaris 11.3 and 11.4, support is limited tothe same feature set as Oracle Solaris 11.1, as wellas limited support for Kernel zones. Other featuresintroduced in Oracle Solaris 11.3 and 11.4 are not yetsupported.LinuxOracle Linux77.0 - 7.3OS Updates are not supported.Target ServersThis section shows the supported target servers.Oracle Enterprise Manager Ops Center can perform server management tasks on many platforms. All Oracle/Sun servers with ILOM enabled service processors are supported. These servers represent the bulk of server equipment (V series servers, X series servers, T series servers, and M series servers) available from Oracle. Exceptions are called out in the documentation for specific features if any exist. The recommended firmware is the most recently tested version.Starting with Oracle Enterprise Manager Ops Center 12c Release 3 (12.3.2.0.0), Oracle Server X6–2, Oracle Server X6–2L, SPARC S7-2, and SPARC S7-2L systems are supported.SPARC M5-32, SPARC M6-32, SPARC M7-8, SPARC M7-16, SPARC M8-8 Single Domain, and SPARC M8-8 Multi Domain servers are supported, but some features have additional limitations:•When performing firmware provisioning on SPARC M5-32 and SPARC M6-32 servers, do not select the "Requires Host Power Off" option.•Certain hardware faults on SPARC M5-32 and SPARC M6-32 servers are mapped to the wrapping components, rather than to the correct components.•When performing OS Provisioning on SPARC M5-32, SPARC M6-32, SPARC M7-8, SPARC M7-16, SPARC M8-8 Single Domain, and SPARC M8-8 MultiDomain server domains, if you plan to use the network interfaces on the PCI cards that are available only through OBP, specify the MAC address of the networkinterface instead of the IP address when you deploy the OS Provisioning plan. Oracle Server X7 series systems are supported, but they do not support Oracle Solaris 10. You cannot configure RAID on Oracle Server X7 series systems.Oracle Server X6 series systems are supported, but they do not support Oracle Solaris 10. You cannot configure RAID on Oracle Server X6 series systems.Oracle Server X5 series systems are supported, but they do not support Oracle Solaris 10. You cannot configure RAID on Oracle Server X5 series systems.Ensure that you maintain your system firmware. The following are some of the reasons to update the firmware on your system:•Support for new versions of hardware (or peripherals)•Expanded compatibility and enhancements•Better reliability and system availability•Better system performance•Additional system features•Security fixes•Other bug fixesSee the Related Articles and Resources section for more information about updating firmware.For the Auto Service Request (ASR) feature, Oracle Enterprise Manager Ops Center supports the ILOM and FMA telemetry sources as well as HALRT faults from Exadata systems. Any hardware supported by Oracle Enterprise Manager Ops Center that is listed as supported in the ASR documentation is supported for ASR through Oracle Enterprise Manager Ops Center using these telemetry sources. See the Related Articles and Resources section for more information about the ASR documentation. Target Non-Server HardwareThis table lists the supported target non-server hardware.For the Auto Service Request (ASR) feature, Oracle Enterprise Manager Ops Center supports the ILOM and FMA telemetry sources as well as HALRT faults from Exadata systems. Any hardware supported by Oracle Enterprise Manager Ops Center that is listed as supported in the ASR documentation is supported for ASR through Oracle Enterprise Manager Ops Center using these telemetry sources. See the Related Articles and Resources section for more information about the ASR documentation.Table 1-7 Target Non-Server HardwareCertificationPlatformVersion Minimum Update LevelOpen StorageOracle ZFSStorageZS3-2NAOracle ZFSStorageZS3-4NAOracle ZFSStorageZS4-4NAOracle ZFSStorageZS5-2NATarget VirtualizationThis table lists the supported target virtualization technologies for control domains. See the Related Articles and Resources section for more information about virtualization requirements.Table 1-8 Target VirtualizationCertification Platform Version Minimum Update Level and Comments Oracle VM Server for SPARC 3.2Oracle Solaris 10 1/13Oracle VM Server for SPARC 3.3Oracle Solaris 11.3Oracle VM Server for SPARC 3.4Oracle Solaris 11.3Oracle VM Server for SPARC 3.5Oracle Solaris 11.3Oracle VM Server for SPARC 3.6Oracle Solaris 11.4Oracle Solaris Zones Oracle Solaris10Oracle Solaris 10 1/13Oracle Solaris Zones Oracle Solaris11Oracle Solaris 11.3 and 11.4Oracle VM Server for SPARC Supported Guest Operating Systems NA For information about Guest support, see/technetwork/documentation/vm-sparc-194287.html.Related Articles and ResourcesSee the Oracle Enterprise Manager Ops Center Installation for Oracle Solaris Operating System and Oracle Enterprise Manager Ops Center Installation for Linux Operating Systems for information about installing Oracle Enterprise Manager OpsCenter. These documents are available in the Oracle Enterprise Manager Ops Center Documentation Library at /cd/E59957_01/index.htm.For more information about firmware:•See Firmware Resources at /technetwork/systems/ patches/firmware/firmware-resources-1429462.html for a high level overview of firmware update recommendations.•See the Oracle hardware documentation and Product Notes for minimum firmware and OS requirements for your servers.•See the Oracle Enterprise Manager Ops Center Operations Guide for information about downloading and updating the required firmware version.See the ASR documentation at /technetwork/systems/asr/ documentation/index.html for more information about ASR support.For current discussions, see the product blog at https:/// opscenter.See the release-specific Oracle VM Server for SPARC Release Notes for the system requirements, including supported platforms, required and recommended operating system versions, and required and recommended firmware versions. The Oracle VM Server for SPARC documentation is located at /technetwork/ documentation/vm-sparc-194287.htmlOracle® Enterprise Manager Ops Center Certified Systems Matrix, 12c Release 4 (12.4.0.0.0)F17673-01Copyright © 2007, 2019, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.This software and related documentation are provided under a license agreement containing restrictions on use and disclosure and are protected by intellectual property laws. Except as expressly permitted in your license agreement or allowed by law, you may not use, copy, reproduce, translate, broadcast, modify, license, transmit, distribute, exhibit, perform, publish, or display any part, in any form, or by any means. Reverse engineering, disassembly, or decompilation of this software, unless required by law for interoperability, is prohibited.The information contained herein is subject to change without notice and is not warranted to be error-free. 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No other rights are granted to the U.S. Government.This software or hardware is developed for general use in a variety of information management applications. It is not developed or intended for use in any inherently dangerous applications, including applications that may create a risk of personal injury. If you use this software or hardware in dangerous applications, then you shall be responsible to take all appropriate fail-safe, backup, redundancy, and other measures to ensure its safe use. Oracle Corporation and its affiliates disclaim any liability for any damages caused by use of this software or hardware in dangerous applications.Oracle and Java are registered trademarks of Oracle and/or its affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective owners.Intel and Intel Xeon are trademarks or registered trademarks of Intel Corporation. All SPARC trademarks are used under license and are trademarks or registered trademarks of SPARC International, Inc. AMD, Opteron, the AMD logo, and the AMD Opteron logo are trademarks or registered trademarks of Advanced Micro Devices. UNIX is a registered trademark of The Open Group.This software or hardware and documentation may provide access to or information about content, products, and services from third parties. Oracle Corporation and its affiliates are not responsible for and expressly disclaim all warranties of any kind with respect to third-party content, products, and services unless otherwise set forth in an applicable agreement between you and Oracle. Oracle Corporation and its affiliates will not be responsible for any loss, costs, or damages incurred due to your access to or use of third-party content, products, or services, except as set forth in an applicable agreement between you and Oracle.。