optical parametric oscillator1

OS100 SERIES Mini-Infrared Transmitter e-mail:**************For latest product manuals: Shop online at User’s G ui d e***********************Servicing North America:U.S.A. Omega Engineering, Inc.Headquarters: Toll-Free: 1-800-826-6342 (USA & Canada only)Customer Service: 1-800-622-2378 (USA & Canada only)Engineering Service: 1-800-872-9436 (USA & Canada only)Tel: (203) 359-1660 Fax: (203) 359-7700e-mail:**************For Other Locations Visit /worldwideThe information contained in this document is believed to be correct, but OMEGA accepts no liability for any errors it contains, and reserves the right to alter specifications without notice.Table of ContentsSection ...................................................................PageSafety Warnings and IEC Symbols (iii)Caution and Safety Information (iii)Section 1 Introduction ....................................................................1-1Section 2Installation ......................................................................1-12.1 Unpacking and Inspection ......................................1-12.2 Electrical Connection ..............................................2-1Section 3Operation ........................................................................3-13.1 Main Board ................................................................3-13.2 Ambient Temperature ..............................................3-23.3 Atmospheric Quality ................................................3-33.4 Measuring Temperature ..........................................3-33.5 Alarm Setting ............................................................3-43.6 Adding Extension Cable...........................................3-4Section 4 Laser Sight Accessory ...................................................4-14.1 Warning and Cautions .............................................4-14.2 Operating the Laser Sight Accessory .....................4-1Section 5 Specifications .................................................................5-15.1 General .......................................................................5-15.2 Laser Sight Accessory (OS100-LS) ..........................5-2Section 6Emissivity Table .............................................................6-1iTable of FiguresFigure Description Page2-1Power Supply & Analog Output Connections ..........2-12-2 Alarm Output Connection ............................................2-13-1 Main PC Board ...............................................................3-23-2 Sensor..............................................................3-2Housing3-3 Optical Field of View .....................................................3-43-4Setting the Temperature Engineering Unit..................3-43-5Mounting Bracket OS100-MB .......................................3-53-6Water Cooling Jacket, OS100-WC ................................3-53-7Typical Water Cool Jacket Assembly ...........................3-53-8Air Purge Collar, OS100-AP..........................................3-63-9DIN Rail Mounting Adapter, OS100-DR ....................3-63-10NEMA-4 Aluminum Enclosure ....................................3-64-1Laser Sighting Accessory, OS100-LS ............................4-24-2Laser Warning Label ......................................................4-2iiSafety Warnings and IEC SymbolsThis device is marked with international safety and hazard symbols in accordance with IEC 1010. It is important to read and follow all precautions and instructions in this manual before operating or commissioning this device as it contains important information relating to safety and EMC. Failure to follow all safety precautions may result in injury and or damage to your calibrator. IEC symbols DescriptionCaution and Safety Information• If the equipment is used in a manner not specified in this manual, the protection provided by the equipment may be impaired.• The installation category is one (1).• There are no user replaceable fuses in this product• The output terminals of this product are for use with equipment (digital meters, chart recorders, etc,) which have no accessible five parts. Such equipment should comply with all the applicable safety requirements.• Do not operate the equipment in flammable or explosive environments.• All connections to the thermometer should be made via a shielded cable, 24 AWG stranded wire with the following ratings: 300V , 105°C (221°F), PVC insulation.• Power must be disconnected before making any electrical connections.• The power supply used to power the thermometer should be VDE or UL approved with the following ratings: 12 to 24vdc @150mA with overload protection of 500mA.iiiCaution, refer to accompanying documentsDirect Current Laser SymbolFrame or ChassisNOTES: ivSection 1 - IntroductionThe low cost OS101 mini-infrared transmitter provides non-contacttemperature measurement for industrial applications. The unit measures atemperature range of -18 to 538°C (0-1000°F) and provides a linear analogoutput of either 4-20 mA, 0-5 VDC, K type TC, 1 mV/°C, or 1 mV/°F.The new OS102 mini-infrared transmitter has all the functions of OS101plus a built-in LED display that shows the measured temperature indegrees F or degrees C which is switchable in the field.The miniature sensor head design 2.5 cm dia. x 6.3 cm Length (1" x 2.5") isideal for measuring temperature in confined, and hard to reach places.The aluminum sensor head as well as the rugged electronic housing (Diecast Aluminum) are NEMA-4 rated.The sensor head is connected to the electronic housing via a 1.82 m (6 feet)shielded cable as standard. The unit provides field adjustable alarmoutput.Section 2 - Installation2.1UnpackingRemove the packing list and verify that you have received all yourequipment. If you have any questions about the shipment, please callCustomer Service at:1-800-622-2378 or 203-359-1660. We can also be reached on the internet:e-mail:**************When you receive the shipment, inspect the container and equipment forany signs of damage. Note any evidence of rough handling in transit.inspection. After examination and removing contents, save packing material and carton in theevent reshipment is necessary.The following items are supplied in the box:• The infrared transmitter including the sensor head and the 1.82 m(6 feet) shielded cable• User's Manual• Mounting Nut1-1The following describes the ordering information:OS102 or OS101 - MA- *,**, where The following optional accessories are available:Here are the Features of OS101 and OS102 infrared transmitters:2.2Electrical Connection Sensor Head Cable - The Sensor head is pre-wired to a 1.8 m (6 feet)shielded cable. Plug & lock-in the male connector to the mating female connector on the aluminum housing.Power & Output Connection - Open the cover of the main aluminum housing. Slide the cable through the strain relief and connect the wires to the terminal block on the board as shown in Fig. 2-1. For Alarm output connection, refer to Fig. 2-2.2-1MA - 4/20 mA output V1 - 0 to 5 VDC output K - Thermocouple output, K type MV - Millivolt output C - 1 mV/°C output F - 1 mV/°F output HT- High temperature sensor head3-1Figure 2-2. Alarm Output Connection Section 3 - Operation3-1Main BoardThe Main Board is shown in Fig. 3-1. Here are the important components on the board:(1) - Terminal Block for Power & Output connections(2) - Single Turn Potentiometer to adjust Emissivity in tenths (0.x_)(3) - Single Turn Potentiometer to adjust Emissivity in hundreds (0._x)(4) -Slide switch to select between real time (Normal Operation) and alarm set point(5) - Alarm set point adjust, P4(6) - Sensor Head connection(7) - Input Zero adjust, P3(8) - Input Span adjust, P2(9) - Output Zero adjust, P5(10) - Output Span adjust, P6Figure 3-1. Main PC Board3.2Ambient TemperatureThe Sensing head can operate in an ambient temperature of 0 to 70°C (32to 158°F). The Sensing head in the high temperature model (-HT) can operate in an ambient temperature of 0 to 85°C (32 to 185°F) without any cooling required. The Sensing head can operate up to 200°C (392°F) using the water cool jacket accessory OS100-WC (See Fig. 3-6).There is a warm up period of 3 minutes after power up. After the warm up period, temperature measurement can be made.When the ambient temperature around the sensor head changes abruptly,the sensor head goes through thermal shock. It takes a certain amount of time for the sensor head to stabilize to the new ambient temperature. For example, it takes about 30 minutes for the sensor head to stabilize going from 25°C to 50°C (77 to 122°F) ambient temperature.The sensor head dimensions are shown in Fig. 3-2.Figure 3-2. Sensor Housing3-23-33.3Atmospheric QualityEnvironments with smoke, dust, and fumes dirty up the optical lens, and cause erroneous temperature readings. To keep the surface of the optical lens clean, the air purge collar accessory is recommended, OS100-AP , See Fig. 3-7.3.4Measuring TemperatureBefore starting to measure temperature, make sure that the following check list is met:ߜ The power and analog output connections are made (Fig. 2-1).ߜThe sensor head is connected to the main unit.ߜThe slide switch (SW1) on the main board is set to real time (Fig. 3-1).ߜThe target is larger than the optical field of view of the sensor head (Fig. 3-3).ߜThe emissivity adjustment on the main board is set properly (Fig. 3-1).ߜThe output load is within the product specification.On OS102 transmitters, follow these additional steps:ߜ The temperature display is set to °F or °C (Fig. 3-4)ߜ For 4-20mA output models, make sure an output load is added, ie. 250ohms.Figure 3-3. Optical Field Of ViewFigure 3-4. Setting the Temperature Engineering Unit3.5Alarm SettingThe unit provides 0-100% alarm set point adjustment. Here is an exampleof an alarm setting.• An OS101-MA(4/20 mA output), the alarm is to be set at 400°Ftemperature.• Connect the alarm output as shown in Fig. 2-2.• Set the slide switch (SW1) on the main board to the Alarm position.• Measure the analog output, and set the Potentiometer P4 until theoutput reads 10.4 mA which is 40% (400°F) of the temperature range.40 x (20-4)[10.4mA=+ 4]100• Set the slide switch (SW1) back to the Real Time position.• If the temperature reading is below the alarm set point, the alarmoutput stays high, otherwise it goes low.On the OS102, you can set the alarm set point directly based on thetemperature display.3.6Adding Extension CableYou can add extension cable between the Sensor Head and the mainelectronic housing up to 15.2 m (50 feet). After adding the extension cable,the Zero input potentiometer, P3 may be re-adjusted. (See Fig. 3-1, forproper analog output reading)The following figures show the mounting bracket (OS100-MB), Watercooling jacket (OS100-WC), Air purge collar (OS100-AP), DIN RailMounting adapter (OS-100-DR), and the main aluminum enclosure. TheDIN Rail Mounting adapter (OS100-DR) is mounted to the bottom of themain aluminum enclosure using two 4-40 screws.A typical water cool jacket assembly is shown in Fig. 3-7, on the following page.1. Mounting Nut2. Mounting Bracket3. Water Cool Jacket4. Sensor Head3-4Figure 3-5. Mounting Bracket OS100-MBFigure 3-6. Water Cooling Jacket, OS100-WCFigure 3-7. Typical Water Cool Jacket Assembly3-5Figure 3-8. Air Purge Collar, OS100-APFigure 3-9. DIN Rail Mounting Adapter, OS-100-DRFigure 3-10. NEMA-4 Aluminum Enclosure3-6Section 4 - Laser Sight Accessory4.1Warning and Cautionsbelow:•Use of controls or adjustments or performance of procedures other than those specified here may result in hazardous radiation exposure.• Do not look at the laser beam coming out of the lens or view directly with optical instruments - eye damage can result.• Use extreme caution when operation the laser sight accessory • Never point the laser accessory at a person • Keep out of the reach of all children4.2Operating the Laser Sight AccessoryThe laser sight accessory screws onto the front of the sensor head. This accessory is only used for alignment of the sensor head to the target area.After the alignment process, the accessory has to be removed from the front of the sensor head before temperature measurement.The laser sight accessory is powered from a small compact battery pack (included with the accessory). Connect the battery pack to the accessory using the cable provided. Aim at the target, and turn on the battery power using the slide switch on the battery pack. Adjust the sensor head position so that the laser beam points to the center of the target area. Turn off the battery pack, and remove the laser sighting accessory from the sensor head. See Fig. 4-1 for reference.4-14-2Figure 4-2. Laser Warning LabelSection 5 - Specifications5.1 - GeneralTemperature Range-18 to 538°C (0 to 1000°F)Accuracy @ 22°C (72°F)±2% of Rdg. or 2.2°C (4°F) whichever is ambient temperature & greateremissivity of 0.95 or greaterOptical Field of View6:1 (Distance/Spot Size)Repeatability±1% of Rdg.Spectral Response 5 to 14 micronsResponse Time150 msec (0 to 63% of final value)Emissivity Range0.1 to 0.99, adjustableOperating Ambient TemperatureMain Transmitter0 to 50°C (32 to 122°F)Sensor Head0 to 70°C (32 to 158°F)Sensor Head (-HT Model)0 to 85°C (32 to 185°F)Sensor Head with OS100-WC(Water Cooling Jacket)0 to 200°C (32 to 392°F)Operating Relative Humidity Less than 95% RH, non-condensingWater Flow Rate for OS100-WC0.25 GPM, room temperatureThermal Shock About 30 minutes for 25°Cabrupt ambient temperature change Warm Up Period 3 minutesAir Flow Rate for OS100-AP 1 CFM (0.5 Liters/sec.)Power12 to 24 VDC @ 100 mAAnalog OutputsMV-F 1 mV/°FMV-C 1 mV/°CK K Type TC - OS101 onlyMA 4 to 20 mAV10 to 5 VDCOutput Load requirementsMin. Load (0 to 5VDC) 1 K-OhmsMax. Load (4 to 20 mA)(Supply Power - 4 )/20 mATransmitter Housing NEMA-4 & IP65, Die Cast AluminumSensor Head Housing NEMA-4 , AluminumAlarm Output Open Drain, 100 mAAlarm Set Point0 to 100% , Adjustable via P4Alarm Deadband14°C (25°F)5-15-25.1 - General Con’t.DimensionsSensor Head25.4 OD. x 63.5 mm L(1" OD. x 2.5" L)Main Housing, OS10165.5 W x 30.5 H x 115.3 mm L(2.58" W x 1.2" H x 4.54" L)Main Housing, OS10265.5 W x 55.9 H x 115.3 mm L(2.58" W x 2.2" H x 4.54" L)Weight 272 g (0.6 lb)5.2Laser Sight Accessory (OS100-LS)Wavelength (Color)630 - 670 nm (Red)Operating Distance (Laser Dot)Up to 9.1 m (30 ft.)Max. Output Optical Power Less than 1 mW at 22°F ambienttemperature.European Classification Class 2, EN60825-1/11.2001Maximum Operating current45 mA at 3 VDCFDA Classification Complies with 21 CFR 1040.10,Class II Laser ProductBeam Diameter 5 mmBeam Divergence< 2 mradOperating Temperature0 to 50°C (32 to 122°F)Operating Relative Humidity Less than 95% RH, non-condensingPower Switch ON / OFF , Slide switch on the BatteryPackPower Indicator Red LEDPower Battery Pack, 3 VDC (Consists of two 1.5VDC AA size Lithium Batteries) Laser Warning Label Located on the head sight circumferenceIdentification Label Located on the head sight circumferenceDimensions38 DIA x 50.8 mm L(1.5" DIA x 2" L)Section 6 - Emissivity Table6-1Material Emissivity (ε)Aluminum – pure highly polished plate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.04 to 0.06Aluminum – heavily oxidized . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.20 to 0.31Aluminum – commercial sheet . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.09Brass – dull plate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.22Brass – highly polished, 73.2% Cu, 26.7% Zn. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.03Chromium – polished. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.08 to 0.36Copper – polished. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.05Copper – heated at 600°C (1112°F). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.57Gold – pure, highly polished or liquid. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.02 to 0.04Iron and steel (excluding stainless)– polished iron . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.14 to 0.38Iron and steel (excluding stainless)– polished cast iron. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.21Iron and steel (excluding stainless)– polished wrought iron . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.28Iron and steel (excluding stainless)– oxidized dull wrought iron . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.94Iron and steel (excluding stainless)– rusted iron plate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.69Iron and steel (excluding stainless)– polished steel. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.07Iron and steel (excluding stainless)– polished steel oxidized at600°C (1112°F). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.79Iron and steel (excluding stainless)– rolled sheet steel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.66Iron and steel (excluding stainless)– rough steel plate . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.94 to 0.97Lead – gray and oxidized . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.28Mercury . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.09 to 0.12Molybdenum filament . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.10 to 0.20Nickel – polished . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.07Nickel – oxidized at 649 to 1254°C (1200°F to 2290°F). . . . . . . . . . . 0.59 to 0.86Platinum – pure polished plate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.05 to 0.10Platinum – wire . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.07 to 0.18Silver – pure and polished . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.02 to 0.03Stainless steel – polished . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.07Stainless steel – Type 301 at 232 to 942°C (450°F to 1725°F). . . . . . . 0.54 to 0.63Tin – bright . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.06Tungsten – filament . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.39Zinc – polished commercial pure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.05Zinc – galvanized sheet. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.23M E T A L S6-2Material Emissivity (ε) Asbestos Board . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .0.96 Asphalt, tar, pitch . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .0.95 to 1.00 Brick– red and rough . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .0.93 Brick– fireclay . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .0.75 Carbon– filament . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .0.53 Carbon– lampblack - rough deposit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .0.78 to 0.84 Glass- Pyrex, lead, soda . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .0.85 to 0.95 Marble– polished light gray . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .0.93 Paints, lacquers, and varnishes– Black matte shellac . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .0.91 Paints, lacquers, and varnishes– aluminum paints . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .0.27 to 0.67 Paints, lacquers, and varnishes– flat black lacquer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .0.96 to 0.98 Paints, lacquers, and varnishes– white enamel varnish . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .0.91 Porcelain– glazed . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .0.92 Quartz– opaque . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .0.68 to 0.92 Roofing Paper . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .0.91 Tape– Masking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .0.95 Water . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .0.95 to 0.96 Wood– planed oak . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .0.90 NONMETALSNOTES:6-3NOTES: 6-4OMEGA’s policy is to make running changes, not model changes, whenever an improvement is possible. T his affords our customers the latest in technology and engineering.OMEGA is a trademark of OMEGA ENGINEERING, INC.© Copyright 2017 OMEGA ENGINEERING, INC. All rights reserved. T his document may not be copied, photocopied, reproduced, translated, or reduced to any electronic medium or machine-readable form, in whole or in part, without the prior written consent of OMEGA ENGINEERING, INC.FOR WARRANTY RETURNS, please have the following information available BEFORE contacting OMEGA:1. P urchase Order number under which the product was PURCHASED,2. M odel and serial number of the product under warranty, and3. Repair instructions and/or specific problems relative to the product.FOR NON-WARRANTY REPAIRS, consult OMEGA for current repair charges. Have the following information available BEFORE contacting OMEGA:1. Purchase Order number to cover the COST of the repair,2. Model and serial number of the product, and 3. Repair instructions and/or specific problems relative to the product.RETURN REQUESTS/INQUIRIESDirect all warranty and repair requests/inquiries to the OMEGA Customer Service Department. BEFORE RET URNING ANY PRODUCT (S) T O OMEGA, PURCHASER MUST OBT AIN AN AUT HORIZED RET URN (AR) NUMBER FROM OMEGA’S CUST OMER SERVICE DEPART MENT (IN ORDER T O AVOID PROCESSING DELAYS). The assigned AR number should then be marked on the outside of the return package and on any correspondence.T he purchaser is responsible for shipping charges, freight, insurance and proper packaging to preventbreakage in transit.WARRANTY/DISCLAIMEROMEGA ENGINEERING, INC. warrants this unit to be free of defects in materials and workmanship for a period of 25 months from date of purchase. OMEGA’s WARRANTY adds an additional one (1) month grace period to the normal two (2) year product warranty to cover handling and shipping time. This ensures that OMEGA’s customers receive maximum coverage on each product.If the unit malfunctions, it must be returned to the factory for evaluation. OMEGA’s Customer Service Department will issue an Authorized Return (AR) number immediately upon phone or written request. Upon examination by OMEGA, if the unit is found to be defective, it will be repaired or replaced at no charge. OMEGA’s WARRANT Y does not apply to defects resulting from any action of the purchaser, including but not limited to mishandling, improper interfacing, operation outside of design limits, improper repair, or unauthorized modification. T his WARRANT Y is VOID if the unit shows evidence of having been tampered with or shows evidence of having been damaged as a result of excessive corrosion; or current, heat, moisture or vibration; improper specification; misapplication; misuse or other operating conditions outside of OMEGA’s control. Components in which wear is not warranted, include but are not limited to contact points, fuses, and triacs.OMEGA is pleased to offer suggestions on the use of its various products. However, OMEGA neither assumes responsibility for any omissions or errors nor assumes liability for any damages that result from the use of its products in accordance with information provided by OMEGA, either verbal or written. OMEGA warrants only that the parts manufactured by the company will be as specified and free of defects. OMEGA MAKES NO OTHER WARRANTIES OR REPRESENTATIONS OF ANY KIND WHATSOEVER, EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED, EXCEPT THAT OF TITLE, AND ALL IMPLIED W ARRANTIES INCLUDING ANY W ARRANTY OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE HEREBY DISCLAIMED. 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Should any Product(s) be used in or with any nuclear installation or activity, medical application, used on humans, or misused in any way, OMEGA assumes no responsibility as set forth in our basic WARRANT Y /DISCLAIMER language, and, additionally, purchaser will indemnify OMEGA and hold OMEGA harmless from any liability or damage whatsoever arising out of the use of theProduct(s) in such a manner.Where Do I Find Everything I Need forProcess Measurement and Control?OMEGA…Of Course!Shop online at TEMPERATUREM U Thermocouple, RTD & Thermistor Probes, Connectors,Panels & AssembliesM U Wire: Thermocouple, RTD & ThermistorM U Calibrators & Ice Point ReferencesM U Recorders, Controllers & Process MonitorsM U Infrared PyrometersPRESSURE, STRAIN AND FORCEM U Transducers & Strain GagesM U Load Cells & Pressure GagesM U Displacement TransducersM U Instrumentation & AccessoriesFLOW/LEVELM U Rotameters, Gas Mass Flowmeters & Flow ComputersM U Air Velocity IndicatorsM U Turbine/Paddlewheel SystemsM U Totalizers & Batch ControllerspH/CONDUCTIVITYM U pH Electrodes, Testers & AccessoriesM U Benchtop/Laboratory MetersM U Controllers, Calibrators, Simulators & PumpsM U Industrial pH & Conductivity EquipmentDATA ACQUISITIONM U Communications-Based Acquisition SystemsM U Data Logging SystemsM U Wireless Sensors, Transmitters, & ReceiversM U Signal ConditionersM U Data Acquisition SoftwareHEATERSM U Heating CableM U Cartridge & Strip HeatersM U Immersion & Band HeatersM U Flexible HeatersM U Laboratory HeatersENVIRONMENTALMONITORING AND CONTROLM U Metering & Control InstrumentationM U RefractometersM U Pumps & TubingM U Air, Soil & Water MonitorsM U Industrial Water & Wastewater TreatmentM U pH, Conductivity & Dissolved Oxygen InstrumentsM3572/1217。

CARS显微光路常用光源激光器分类1. 新加坡黄志玮组The output of a femtosecond Ti:sapphire laser wavelengths tunable from 700 to 1000 nm, pulse duration of 120 fs, spectral linewidth full width at half maximum FWHM of 8 nm, repetition rate of 76 MHz , horizo ntal polarizatio n, Mira 900, Cohere nt, I nc. pumped byaNd:YVO4 laser10 W Verdi, Cohere nt, In c. is divided into two parts by a beam splitter. One of the beams works as the pump beam, and the other is used to pump an optical parametric oscillator wavelengths tunable from 1100 to 1600 nm, Cohere nt, I nc. to produce the Stokes beam.探测那聚苯乙烯小球，只需要泵浦光是2~4mw，探测光是0.5~2mw就能产生他们开始有的实验用的物镜的数值孔径也就是才0.95就行~2. (2006)加州大学小组Femtosec ond pulses for the pump/ probe and Stokes beams are gen erated by a home-built Ti:Sapphire oscillator and are amplified by a regenerative amplifier ( 90 fs, 1 kHz , Spectra Physics, Spitfire) before entering an optical parametric amplifier (OPA) (Light Conversion, TOPAS) that gen erates the near-in frared idler pulse for the Stokes beam (? s). The dege nerate pump/probe beam (?p/?p' ) is gen erated by using a small amoun t (5%) of the s-polarized 800 nm beam from the amplifier, which is picked off by a beam-splitter before entering the OPA. This pulse makes four passes between two gratings (800 nm blaze, 830 grooves/mm, Edmund In dustrial Optics), stretching the pulse in time due to the induced linear negative temporal chirp , and resulting in the blue frequencies of the pulse leading the red frequencies in time. The near-infrared (2100 nm) s-polarized idler beam from the OPA is frequency-doubled by a BBO crystal to a p-polarized 1050 nm Stokes beam, and temporally overlapped with the pump/probe beam by using a delay stage. The average powers of the pump/ probe and Stokes beams can be varied from 0.2 to 10 mW and 0.02 to 2 mW, respectively. The Stokes beam is tun able from 800 to 1175 nm, correspo ndi ng to Raman shifts from 0 to 4000 cm 1, when employing the appropriate optics for spatially overlapp ing thepump/probe and Stokes pulses.Unchirped 800 nm from amplifierFigure 2. Experimental design for chiq^ed-CARS. An unchirped 800 nm “pump probe" pulse from the amplifier passes four times between a pair of matched gratings (G1 and G2) which generate a negative chirp in the pulse. A ponion of the amplifier pulse is picked off by a beam splitter (BS) and sent to an ()PA. The idler pulse from the OPA is doubled with a BBO crystal, directed through a delay stage, and overlapped spatially and temporally with the pump probe pulse on a dichroic mirror (DM) that transmits the “Stokes” pulse and reflects the pump/probc pulse・Both beams arc focused by an objective onto the sample, which is scanned through the focus by an piezoelectric stage. The scattered C?\RS photons are collected by a matched objective and dispersed in a spectrograph onto either a CCD or PMT detector^ for collecting spectra or images, respectively.3. Alison 小组 (2006) Chemically Selective Imaging with Broadband CARS Microscopy 利用10fs 超宽带激光器，然后没有使用啁啾， 而是采用在频域上一个 2nm 的小范围引入一个 180度相位差和不同的偏振太。

第四章 光参量放大与光参量振荡自从1961年Franken 等人首先观察到二次谐波产生后不久，1962年Kingston 等人在理论上预言了三波相互作用中存在参量增益的可能性。

1965年，Wang 和Resettle 首先观察到三波非线性相互作用过程中的参量增益。

同年，Goodman 和Miller 首次用3LiNbO 晶体制作成了第一台光参量振荡器，开辟了一套全新运转的光学参量振荡器；1970年，Smith 、Parker 和Amman 等人将参量振荡器置于激光谐振腔内，分别研制成了连续和脉冲内腔式光学参量振荡器；1971年，Yarborough 和Massey 研制成了无共振腔的光学参量振荡器。

光学参量振荡器的输出具有很高的单色性和方向性，它是将频率固定的相干辐射变成可调谐相干辐射的重要手段之一。

与激光器输出激光的波长是由相应的原子跃迁决定的不同，光学参量振荡器输出波长是由泵频光的频谱、空间分布、相位匹配条件决定的，是可以在较大范围内调谐。

由于光学参量振荡器可以提供从可见一直到红外的可调谐相干辐射，因此在光谱研究中具有广阔的应用前景。

3ω、2ω的光波产生差频132=-ωωω（），在此过程中，频率为2ω的光波不是减少而是随着差频1ω光的产生一起增加，或者说频率为2ω的光波被放大了，这种放大称为光学参量放大。

在参量放大中，一般把频率为3ω的光叫泵频光，频率为2ω的光叫信频光，频率为1ω的光叫闲频光，光学参量放大器（Optical Parametric Amplifier,简称为OPA ）就是指对信号光进行放大的器件。

与激光放大器增益是由原子、分子能级之间的粒子数反转提供的不同，光参量放大器的增益是由非线性介质中光波之间的相互作用产生的。

4．1.1光参量放大过程的普遍解光参量放大是和频产生的逆过程，它的一般理论与差频产生的理论相同，不同的是输入光的条件。

通常把参量放大看成是用单个泵浦光束来激发的过程，而把差频产生看成是用两个强度相近的泵浦光束来激发的过程。

absolute optical frequency measurement 绝对光频测量;绝对光频测量absorpting loss in optical thin-film 光学薄膜的吸收损耗console optical-display plotter 控制台光显示绘图仪continuous variable optical attenuator 连续可变光衰减器continuous-wave optical ranging system 连续波光学测距系统convex optical tool 光学玻璃凸面磨具coronal optical polarization 日冕光学偏振coupled optical resonators 耦合光谐振腔cross-coupling optical beam 交叉耦合光束crown optical glass 冕牌光学玻璃curved holographic optical element 曲面全息光学元件CW optical maser action 连续激光振荡dielectric optical waveguide 介质光波导diffused optical waveguide 扩散光波导digital optical tracking set 数字光学跟踪装置disappearing-filament optical pyrometer 隐丝光学高温计discrete bit optical memory 打点式光存储器;逐位式光存储器dislocation of optical range-finder 光学测距机的失调dispersive optical system 色散光学系统double resonant optical parameter oscillator 双共振参量振荡器doubly clad optical fibre 双包层光学纤维duct optical cable 管道光缆elasto-optical coefficient 弹光系数electrical isolation optical memory 电隔离光存储器electrical optical converter 电光变换器electrical to optical converter 电光转换器electro-optical beamsplitter 电光分光镜electro-optical converter 电光变换器electro-optical crystal 电光晶体electro-optical detector 电光检测器electro-optical diffraction modulator 电光衍射调制器electro-optical digital deflector 电光数字式偏转器electro-optical guided bomb 电子光学制导炸弹electro-optical hot gas pyrometer 电光热气高温计electro-optical image tube 光电移像管electro-optical light intensity modulator 电光光强度调制器electro-optical light-detecting apparatus 电光测光器;电光光探测器electro-optical modulator 电光调制器electro-optical multiframe camera 光电多幅照相机electro-optical property 电光性质electro-optical sensor 电光传感器electro-optical shutter 电光快门electro-optical switch 电光开关electro-optical system 光电系统electro-optical tracker system 光电跟踪系统electro-optical tube 光电管electro-optically tuned laser 电光可调激光器electron optical prism 电子光学棱镜electron-optical aberration 电子光学象差electron-optical image intensifier 电光像增强器electron-optical system 电子光学系统electronic optical comparator 光电比较仪electronically tunable optical filter 电子可调谐光学滤波器equivalent optical thickness of thin film 薄膜等效厚度erasable optical disk 可擦光盘erbium-doped optical fiber amplifier 掺铒光纤放大器etalon optical power 标准光强度external optical density 外光密度fast refractive infrared optical system 快速折射红外光学系统fibre optical device 纤维光学装置fibre optical screen 纤维光学屏幕fibre optically coupled cascaded image intensifier 光纤耦合级联式图像增强器fibre-optical cable 纤维光缆field optical collimator system 场致光学准直仪系统filling material for optical fiber cable 光缆缆芯填充料film optical modulator 薄膜光调制器film optical multiplexer 薄膜光复用器film optical sensing device 胶片光学传感器film optical switch 薄膜光开关film optical waveguide 薄膜光波导flat optical cable 扁平光缆flat optical tool 光学玻璃平面研磨盘flint optical glass 火石光学玻璃fluorozirconate type optical fiber 氟化锆基光纤focusing optical fiber 聚焦光纤;聚焦光纤Fourier optical imaging system 傅里叶光学成像系统frequency discriminating optical chopper 鉴频光学限制器gallium-arsenide optical filter 砷化镓滤光片gas-discharge optical maser 气体放电光学微波激射;气体光学脉泽geometric-optical aberration 几何光学像差geometrical-optical approximation 几何光学近似germanium-doped optical fiber 掺锗光学纤维giant optical pulsation 巨光脉动;巨光脉动giant optical pulse 巨光脉冲;巨光脉冲glass optical fiber 玻璃光纤graded index optical waveguide 渐变折射率光波导graded-index optical fiber 渐变折射率光学纤维graphical design of optical system 光学系统图解设计ground-based optical receiver 地面光学接收机;地面光学接收器gyro erected optical navigation 陀螺光学导航heat treatment of optical crystal 光学晶体热处理heteroepitaxial optical waveguide 异质外延光波导high birefringence optical fiber 高双折射光纤high performance optical cable connector 高性能光缆连接器high precision optical plate 高精度光学平板high repetition rate optical pulse 高重复率光脉冲high speed optical switch 高速光学开关high speed-optical switch 高速开关high strength optical fiber 高强度光纤high temperature optical fiber sensor 高温光纤传感器high-resolution optical mask 高分辨率光学掩膜high-resolution optical memory 高分辨率光存储器holographic optical elements (HOE)全息光学元件homogeneous optical waveguide 均匀光学波导;均匀光学波导hybrid optical cable connector 混合式光缆连接器hybrid optical fiber sensor 混合式光纤传感器image dividing optical system 光学分像系统image optical reconstruction 图像光学恢复image spliting optical system 影像分光系统image-dividing relay optical system 分像转向光学系统incoherent optical arrangement 非相干光学装置incoherent optical converter 非相干光转换器incoherent optical information processing 非相干光信息处理incoherent optical radar 非相干光学雷达inelastic optical scattering 非弹性光散射infrared optical fiber 红外光纤infrared optical material 红外光学材料infrared optical measuring system 红外光学测量系统inserting optical cable connector 插入光缆连接器inspection of optical crystal 光学晶体检验integrated optical bolometer for radiation 集成光学辐射热测量计integrated optical circuit 集成光路;集成光学电路integrated optical spectrum analyzer 集成光谱分析器integrated optical switch 集成光学开关integrated optical waveguide coupler 集成光学波导耦合器intercept ground-based optical recorder 监视地面光学记录仪interferometric optical fiber acoustic sensor 干涉型声光纤声传感器internal optical density 内光密度;内光学密度internal optical parametric oscillation 内光学参量振荡internal optical parametric oscillator 内光学参量振荡器Kerr electro optical law 克尔电光定律lamp bulb for optical pyrometer 光学高温计用灯泡large aperture optical system 大孔径光学系统large optical cavity laser 大光腔激光器large optical reflector 大型反光镜large optical-cavity diode 大光腔二极管large optical-cavity laser diode 大光腔激光二极管laser damage of optical coatings 光学镀层激光损伤laser optical bench 激光器光具座laser optical demonstration instrument 激光光学演示仪leaf optical system 薄片光学系统lens optical length 镜头光学长度;镜头光学长度light splitting optical system 分束光学系统light-splitting optical system 分光光学系统LiNbO�3 optical parametric oscillator掺镁铌酸锂光参量振荡器linear electro-optical effect 线性电光效应liquid-core optical fibre 液芯光纤loaded diffused optical waveguide 加载扩散光波导long haul optical link 长距离光线路longitudinal fundamental optical frequency 纵向光学基频率lunar optical altimeter 登月用光学测高计magnet-optical memory system 磁光存储系统magnetic optical disk 磁光盘magnetic optical-character reader 磁光字符阅读器magnetid-optical devices 磁光器件magneto optical disk 磁光盘magneto optical disk editor 磁光盘编辑器magneto optical driver 磁光盘驱动器magneto optical semiconductor laser 磁光半导体激光器magneto-optical modulator 磁光调制器magneto-optical phenomenon 磁光现象magneto-optical shutter 磁光开关mass optical memory 大容量光存储器mechanical optical comparator 机械光学比较仪mechanical optical switch 机械光开关mechanically-driven optical reflector 机械传动光反射器medical optical instrument 医疗光学仪器;医用光学仪器metal-clad optical waveguide 金属包层光学波导meteorological optical range 气象光学视距;气象能见度military optical instrument 军用光学仪器;军用光学仪器mirror-optical system 反射镜光学系统mobile optical tracking unit (MOTU)机动光学跟踪装置mode of optical cavity 光学共振腔模;共振腔的振荡模modular opticaltest instrument for fiber 模块化光纤光学测试仪monomode optical fiber 单模光纤monomode optical waveguide 单模光波导monopulse optical receiver 单脉冲光接收器multi-fiber optical cable 多芯电缆multi-fiber optical submarine cable 多芯海底光缆multichannel optical analyzer 多通道光学分析器multichannel optical cable stranding machine 多路光缆绞制机multicomponent glass optical fiber 多组分玻璃光纤multifont optical arena 多字体识别器multimode optical cable 多模光缆multimode optical fiber 多模光导纤维;多模光纤multimode optical fiber hydrophone 多模光纤水听器multireflector optical resonator 多反射镜光学共振器naval gun optical director 舰炮光学指挥仪non-coherent Fourier-optical imaging system 非相干傅里叶光学成像系统non-coherent optical carrier 非相干光学载波non-coherent optical computer 不相干光学计算机non-coherent optical detector 非相干光检测器;非相干光探测器non-coherent optical processing system 非相干光处理系统non-erasable optical disk 不可擦光盘non-metallic type optical cable 非金属型光缆non-optical propagation 封闭通道传播non-polar optical scattering 非偏振光散射nondestructive readout optical memory 无损读出光存储器nonlinear optical coefficient 非线性光学系数nonlinear optical crystal 非线性光学晶体nonlinear optical effect 非线性光学效应nonlinear optical phenomena 非线性光学现象nonlinear optical processing 非线性光学处理nonlinear optical response 非线性光学响应nonlinear optical susceptibility 非线性光极化率numerical designation of optical glass 光学玻璃标号offset optical square 偏距光学直角头omnidirectional optical scanner 全向光学扫描器on-board optical system 机载光学系统optical 光学的;旋光;视力的optical aberration 光学像差;像差;象差optical absorption 光的吸收;光学吸收optical absorption band 光吸收带optical absorption edge 光吸收限;光学吸收限optical access coupler 光学取数耦合器optical accessory 光学附件optical achromatism 可见光消色差性optical acquisition 光学捕获optical acquisition equipment 激光捕获装置optical active phonon 光激活声子optical active substance 光活性物质optical activity 光学活性;旋光度;旋光性optical activity of oil 石油的旋光性optical adaptive technique 光自适应技术;光学自适应技术optical admittance 光学导纳optical agnosia 视觉性认识不能optical aid 光学辅助工具optical air mass 光学空气质量;大气光学质量optical alignment 光学调准;光学装校;光学准直optical alignment equipment 光学校准设备optical alignment unit 光学校准设备optical altimeter 光学测高计;光学高度计optical ammeter 光学安培计;光学电流计optical amplification 光放大optical amplifier 光放大器;光学放大器optical amplifier bandwidth 光放大器带宽optical amplitude modulator 光调幅器;光振幅调制器optical analog 光学模拟optical analog device 光学模拟装置optical analog memory 光模拟存储器optical analog transform technique 光学模拟变换技术optical analogue computer 光学模拟计算机optical analyser 光学检偏振器optical analysis 光学分析optical analyzer 光学分析器;光学检偏镜optical anemometer 光学风速计optical angle gauge 光学测角仪optical angular motion sensor 光学角运动传感器optical anisotropy 光学的各向异性;光学各向同性;光学异向性optical anomaly 光反常;光性异常;光学反常;光学性反常optical antenna 光波段天线;光学天线optical antenna angle 光学天线张角optical antenna aperture 光学天线孔径optical antenna gain 光学天线增益optical antipode 光对映体;旋光对映体antipode,optical isomer, antimers 对映体optical appearance 光学外观optical approach 用光学仪器接近optical arm 光学臂optical arrangement 光学装置optical arteriovenous oximeter 光学动静脉血氧定量计optical artware 光学工艺品optical aspherical surface 光学非球面optical astrometry 光学天体测量学optical astronomy 光学天文学optical astrophysics 光学天体物理学optical asymmetry 光学不对称optical attenuator 光衰减器;光学衰减器optical automatic titrimeter 光学自动滴定仪optical avalanche laser 光学雪崩式激光器optical axial figure 光轴图形optical axial plane 光轴平面optical axis 光轴;视轴optical axis of crystal 晶体光轴optical axis of symmetry 光学对称轴optical baffle 光学隔板optical balance 光学补偿;光学天平optical band 光波段optical band gap 光禁带optical bandpass filter 光带通滤光器;光学带通滤光片optical barmonic generation 光学谐波振荡optical beacon 光指向标optical beam deflection 光束偏转optical beam expander 光束扩张器optical beam flying 光束扫描optical beam riding 光波束引导optical beam scanner 光束扫描器optical beam splitter 光束分光镜optical beam-direction control 光束方向控制optical bench 光具座optical bevel protractor 光学量角器;光学斜度规optical binary 光学双星optical biosensor 光生物传感器optical bistability 光学双稳态optical black 光学黑体optical blacking 光学黑色涂料optical bleaches 荧光增白剂optical boroscope 光学缺陷探测仪optical branch 光频支optical branching device 光分路器optical branching filter 光分路滤波器optical bridge circuit 光桥路optical brightener 光学增亮剂optical brightness 光学亮度optical Brinell hardness tester 光学布氏硬度计optical cable 光导电缆optical cable assembly 光缆组件optical cable connector 光缆连接器optical cable driver 光缆激励器optical calculating machine 光计算机optical calculation 光学计算optical calibration 光学仪器检定optical caliper 光学校准器optical calliper 光学轮尺optical card reader 光学读卡器optical cardan link 光控万向关节optical carrier 光学载波optical cavity 光共振腔optical cavity diode 光腔二极管optical cavity laser interferometer 光谐振激光干涉仪optical cavity mirror sensor 光腔镜式传感器optical cavity mode 光学共振腔模optical cavity modes 光学共振腔模式optical cement 光胶;光学胶;光学胶合剂optical center 光心;光学中心optical center of lens 镜片光心;镜片光心optical centering and edging 光学定心磨边optical centering device 光学对中器optical ceramics 光学陶瓷optical channel 光波道;光通道optical channel-dropping filter 光通道衰减滤光器optical character 光学特性optical character reader 光符号阅读器optical character reader (OCR)光标阅读机;光符阅读机;光学字符读出器;光字符阅读机optical character recognition 光学阅读机optical character recognition (OCR)光标识别;光符号识别;光符识别;光学符号读出;光学字符识别optical character recognition common language 光学符号识别通用语言optical character recognition machine 光符号识别机;光学符号识别机;光学字符辨识机optical character recognition reader 光学字符阅读器optical character recognition system 光符号识别系统;光字符识别系统optical character recognition teleprinter 光学字符识别电传打字机optical character scanner 光学字符扫描器optical characteristics 光学特性optical check 光学检验optical choledochoscope 光学胆道镜optical chopper 光断续器;光斩波器optical cine duplicating machine 光学印片机optical circle 光学度盘optical circular table 光学圆分度台optical circulator 光环行器;光学循环器optical clinometer 光学测斜仪;光学倾斜仪optical clouration 光学着色optical coating 光学镀层;光学镀膜;光学涂层optical code reader 光学代码阅读器optical code reading wand 光码读数杆optical coincidence index 光重合比孔索引optical collector 聚光器;聚光器;集光器optical colorimetry 目视比色法optical colourimeter 光学色度计optical combiner 光组合器optical communication 光学通信optical communication channel 光通信信道optical communication link 光学通信线路optical communication receiver 光通信接收机optical communication system 光通信系统optical communication technique 光通信技术optical commutation circuit 光开关电路optical comparator 光学比较仪optical compensating system 光学补偿系统optical compensation 光学补偿optical compensation camera 光学补偿摄影机optical compensator 光学补偿器optical component 光学部件;光学子星optical computer 光计算机;光学计算机optical computing 光学计算optical conduction 光传导optical conductivity 光电导率optical conductor 光导体optical conductor loss 光导体损耗optical connector 光连接器optical constant 光学恒量optical constants 光学常数optical contact 光接触;光学接触optical continuum 光连续区optical contour grinder 光学轮廓磨床;光学曲线磨床optical contrast 光学衬比optical contrast ratio 光对比度optical contraster 光学增衬器optical converter 光学变换器optical convolution 光学卷积optical coordinate measuring apparatus 光学坐标测量仪optical corner reflector 光学直角反射器optical correction 光学校正;光学修正;视觉改正optical correlation 光学相关optical correlator 光相关器optical counter-rotating wedges 反向旋转光楔optical countermeasures 光学对抗optical counterpart 光学对应体optical coupler 光隔离器;光耦合器optical coupling 光耦合optical cross section 光学截面optical cross-section 光截面optical crosstalk 光学串扰;串光optical crown 光学冕玻璃optical crystal 光学晶体optical crystallography 晶体光学optical current metre 光学流速仪optical curve grinding machine 光学曲线磨床optical cycle 光学周期optical damage 光学损伤optical damage threshold 光学损伤阈optical data 光学数据optical data bus (母线)光数据总线optical data corrector 光学数据校正器optical data digitizer 光学数据数字化器optical data handling 光学数据处理optical data processing 光学数据处理optical data processing system 光学数据处理系统optical data processor 光学数据处理机optical data transmission channel 光数据传输通道optical datatransmission channel 光数据传输信道;光学数据传输信道optical decoy 光假目标;光学假目标optical defect 光缺陷;光学缺陷optical defects of crystals 晶体光学缺陷optical deflection 光偏转;光学偏移optical deflectometer 光学弯度计optical deflector 光偏转器optical deformation 光学形变optical delay circuit 光学延迟回路;光延迟电路optical delay line 光延迟线optical demultiplexer 光解多路复用器optical densitometer 光密度计optical densitometric method 光密度法optical densitometry 光密度测量术optical density 光密度optical density (OD)光学密度optical density colour 光密度色度optical depression 旋光性降低optical depth 光深;光学深度optical design 光学设计optical design optimization 光学设计最佳化optical design procedure 光学设计程序optical designation 光学标号optical detection 光学探测optical detector 光辐射探测器;光检测器;光学探测器optical detector of the trajector 光学弹道测量装置optical detector technology 光探测技术optical device 光学装置optical diameter 光学直径optical dichroism 光学二向色性optical dielectric constant 光介电常数;光频介电常数optical diffraction image 光衍射图像optical diffractometer 光衍射计optical digital audio player 光学数字音频唱机optical digital computer 光数字计算机;光学数字计算机optical digital tachometer 光学数字转速表optical dilatometer 光学膨胀计optical dimming 光学模糊optical diode 光二极管optical direct vision finder 光学直视寻像器optical direction and ranging 光学定向和测距optical direction finder 光学定向器optical direction finding 光学测向optical directional coupler 光定向耦合器;光学定向耦合器optical directional filter 定向滤光器optical disc 光盘;光学刻度盘optical disk 光盘;光学视面optical disk cartridge 光盘盒optical disk control card 光盘控制卡optical disk recorder 光盘录像机optical disk system 光盘系统optical dispersion attenuation 光色散衰减optical displacement sensor 光学式位移传感器;光学位移传感器optical display keyboard 光显示键盘optical display plotter 光显示绘图仪optical display terminal 光显示终端;光显示终端设备optical distance 光程;光学距离;可见距离optical distance meter 光学测距仪optical distortion 光畸变;光学畸变;光学扭曲optical disturbance 光扰动optical dividing head 光学分度头optical dividing head with projection readout 光学投影读数分度头optical dividing table 光学分度台optical document reader 光文件阅读机optical Doppler effect 光学多普勒效应optical Doppler radar 多普勒光雷达optical dosimeter 光学辐射剂量计optical double 视双星optical double star 光学双星optical doublet 光学双线optical doublet star 光学双星optical driver 光盘驱动器optical dust instrument 光学测尘仪optical dynameter 光学倍率计optical echo 光学回波optical efficiency 光效率optical electric axial angle encoder 光电轴角编码器optical electron 光学电子optical electronic reproducer 光声头optical electronic transducer 光电换能器optical electronics 光电子学optical element 光学零件;光学元件optical emission line 光学发射线optical emission spectrograph 发光摄谱仪optical emission spectrography 发光摄谱学;发射光谱学optical enantiomorph 旋光对映体optical encoder 光编码器;光学编码器;光学同步发射机optical endfinish 光学端面光洁度optical endoscope 光内窥镜optical energy 光能optical energy density 光能密度optical engineering 光学工程optical enlargement 光学放大optical EPR Gauss meter 光学电子顺磁共振高斯计optical equipment 光学设备optical equivalence 光学等效optical evaluation facility 光学检验设备optical exaltation 旋光性增强optical excitation 光激发optical excited atom 光激发原子optical excited laser 光激发激光器;光激励型激光器optical exciting pulse 光激发脉冲optical exitation rate 光激励率optical exposure meter 光学曝光表optical extensometer 光学伸长仪optical eye level finder 光学直视水平瞄准器optical fabrication 光学加工optical Farday rotation isolator 光学法拉第旋转隔离器optical fault locator 光故障定位器optical feedback 光反馈optical feedback image intensifying system 光学反馈图像增强系统optical feeler 光学接触器optical fiber 光导纤维;光学纤维optical fiber cable 光导纤维电缆;光缆optical fiber cable for hybrid communication 混合通信光缆optical fiber cable for installation in duct 管道敷设式光缆optical fiber cavity 纤维光腔optical fiber composite connector 复合式光纤连接器optical fiber cystoscope 光导纤维膀胱镜optical fiber interferometer 光导纤维干涉仪optical fiber plate 光导纤维板optical fiber resonator 光学纤维谐振腔optical fiber ribbon cable 带状光缆optical fiber tube 光导纤维管optical fibre 光纤optical fibre abruption tester 光纤断裂测试器optical fibre acoustic sensor 光纤声压传感器optical fibre active connector 光纤有源连接器optical fibre amperemeter 光纤电流计optical fibre amplifier 光纤放大器optical fibre amplifier multiplexer 光纤放大器多路复用器optical fibre biosensor 光纤声压传感器optical fibre bundle 光纤束optical fibre cable stranding machine 光纤成缆机optical fibre chemical sensor 光纤化学传感器optical fibre communication 光纤通信optical fibre communication repeater 光纤通信中继器optical fibre compression sensor 光纤压力传感器optical fibre concentrator 光纤集中器optical fibre connector 光纤连接器optical fibre coupler 光纤耦合器optical fibre current sensor 光纤电流传感器optical fibre demultiplexer 光纤解多路复用器optical fibre dispenser 光纤松放器optical fibre dispersion tester 光纤色散测试仪optical fibre displacement sensor 光纤位移传感器optical fibre electric field strength sensor 光纤电场强度传感器optical fibre flowmeter 光纤流量计optical fibre fusion splicer 光纤熔接器optical fibre gyro 光纤陀螺optical fibre gyroscope 光纤陀螺仪optical fibre helical microbend sensor 光纤螺旋微弯传感器optical fibre hydrophone 光纤水听器optical fibre image sensor 光纤图像传感器optical fibre interferometric sensor 光纤干涉传感器optical fibre ion sensor 光纤离子传感器optical fibre line-tocircle converter 光纤圆直变换器optical fibre magnetic field strength sensor 光纤磁场强度传感器optical fibre magnetostrictive sensor 光纤磁致伸缩传感器optical fibre monitor 光纤监控器optical fibre multiplexer 光纤多路复用器optical fibre pickoff coupler 光纤传感耦合器;光纤发送耦合器optical fibre polarizer 光纤偏振器optical fibre proof-tester 光纤检验机optical fibre pulse compression 光纤脉冲压缩optical fibre radiation sensor 光纤射线传感器optical fibre resonator 光纤共振腔;光纤谐振器optical fibre rewinder 光纤复绕机optical fibre ringer 光纤振铃器optical fibre rotator 光纤旋转器optical fibre sensor 光纤传感器optical fibre sound pressure sensor 光纤声压传感器optical fibre strander 光纤绞线器optical fibre temperature sensor 光纤温度传感器optical fibre thermometer on thermal colour effect 光纤热色效应温度计optical fibre transmission 光纤传输optical fibre transmission facilities 光纤传输设备optical fibre ultrasonic sensor 光纤超声传感器optical fibre velocity sensor 光纤速度传感器optical fibre vibration sensor 光纤振动传感器optical fibre voltage sensor 光纤电压传感器optical fibre wavelength division multiplexer 光纤波分复用器optical field 光场optical field effect transistor 光场效应晶体管optical figuring 光学修整optical film-fibre coupler 光薄膜纤维耦合器optical filming 光学镀膜optical filter 滤光片;滤光器;滤色镜optical filter box 滤光片组件optical filter gas analyzer 光学滤波式气体分析器optical filter predetection 检波前光学滤光片optical finder 光学取景器;光学寻像器optical finishing 光学精加工optical fire director 光学射击指挥仪optical firecontrol instrument 光学射击控制仪器optical fixed reticule sight 光学固定环瞄准具optical flame detector 光感器optical flat 光学平板;光学平度;光学平面;光学平行平板玻璃;平晶optical flat gauge 光学平面规optical flat glass 光学平玻璃optical flat glass filter 光学玻璃滤色镜optical flatness 光学光滑度;光学平度;光学平滑度;光学平直度optical flatness gauge 光学平直仪optical flint glass 火石光学玻璃optical fluid-flow measurement 光学流体流动测量法optical flux 光通量optical foam 光学泡沫optical focus 光焦点optical focus switch 光聚焦开关;光学聚焦转换开关optical focusing 光聚焦optical focusing device 光学聚焦装置optical fog 光学灰雾optical font 光符识别用字体;光识别字体;光学识别字体;光学字体optical force 矫形力optical foresight 光学瞄准器optical Fourier analysis method 光学傅里叶分析法optical Fourier transform 光学傅里叶变换optical free induction decay 光学无感生衰减optical frequencies 光频段optical frequency 光频optical frequency amplifier 光频放大器optical frequency branch 光频支路optical frequency converter 光频变换器optical frequency division multiplex 光频分复用optical frequency domain reflectometer 光频域反射计optical frequency mixing 光混频optical frequency shift 光频移optical frequency translation 光频变换optical fundus 眼底optical fuse 光引信optical gain 光学增益optical galaxy 光学星系optical gate 光闸optical gauge 光学测量仪器optical generation 光波振荡optical generator 光发生器;光振荡器optical glass 光学玻璃optical glass blank 光学玻璃毛坯optical glass material 光学玻璃材料optical goniometer 光学测角计;光学测向器optical grating 光栅optical grating measuring system 光栅测量系统optical grid lines 光学光栅刻线optical grinding 光学研磨optical guidance 光学导航;光学制导;光制导optical guidance system 光学制导系统optical guiding system 光制导系统optical gyroscope 光陀螺仪optical harmonic 光谐波;光学谐波optical harness 光缆捆束optical harness assembly 光缆捆束组件optical haze 大型闪烁optical head (投影器)光度头optical height finder 光学测高仪optical heterodyne 光学外差optical heterodyne detection 光频外差探测optical heterodyne detection system 光外差探测系统optical heterodyne radar 光频外差雷达optical heterodyne receiver 光频外差接收器;光外差接收机optical heterodyne repeater 光外差中继器optical heterodyne spectroscopy 光频外差光谱学optical heterodyning 光外差作用optical heterogeneity 光学不均匀性;光学非均匀性optical holographic interferometry 光学全息干涉测量技术optical holography 光学全息术optical homer 光学寻的头;光学自动跟踪头optical homing 光学自动跟踪optical homing head 光学自动导引头optical homing head axis 光学导引头瞄准轴optical homodyne 光学零差optical homodyne receiver 光零拍接收机;光学零拍接收机optical homogeneity 光学均匀性optical horizon sensor 光学地平仪optical hygrometer 光学湿度表optical identification 光学证认optical illusion 光幻觉;视错觉optical image 光学像;光学影像optical image combinator 光学合像仪optical image converter 光学图像转换器optical image feedback 光学图像反馈optical image formation 光学图像;光学图像形成optical image processor 光学图像处理器optical image rejection mixer 光图像抑制混频器optical image stabilized telescope 光学稳像望远镜optical image transmission device 光学图像传输装置optical image unit 光学图像输入器optical imagery 光学图像optical imaging device 光学成像装置optical immersed detector 光浸没式探测器optical immersion 光学浸没optical immersion gain 光学浸没增益optical impedance discontinuity 光阻抗突变optical impression 影像optical inactivity 不旋光性optical index 光学指标;光学指数optical indicator 光学示功计;光学指示器;光指示器optical indicatrix 光折射椭球;光学特性曲线optical inertial guidance and navigation system 光学惯性制导和导航系统optical information 光学信息optical information handling 光学信息处理optical information processing 光学信息处理optical information storage 光信息存储器;光学信息储存;光学信息存储optical information transfer 光学信息传递optical inhomogeneity 光学不均匀性optical injection 光学注入optical injector 光注入器optical input 光输入;可见输入optical instrument 光学仪器optical instrument design 光学仪器设计optical instrument making 光学仪器制造optical instrument mould and fog auto-detector 光学仪器霉雾自动检测仪optical instrumentation 光学仪器设备optical insulation 光学绝缘optical integrated circuit 集成光路optical integration 光学集成optical integrator 光学积分器optical intensity 光强optical interaction 光学相互作用optical interconnection 光学互接optical interface adapter 光接口适配器optical interference 光波干涉;光学干涉optical interference coating 光学干涉膜optical interference filter 光干涉滤光片;光学干涉滤光片optical interference measurement 光学干涉测量法optical interference method 光波干涉法optical interference type gas analyzer 光干涉式气体分析器optical interfernece coating 光波干涉膜optical interferometer 光干涉仪;光学干涉仪optical interferometry 光学干涉量度法optical interval 光学间距;光学区间optical invariant 光学不变量optical inversion 光学转向optical inversion system 光学转像系统optical ionization energy 光电离能optical iridectomy 光学虹膜切除术optical isolation 光学隔离optical isolator 光隔离器;光频隔离器;光学隔离器optical isomer 光学异构体;旋光异构体optical isomerism 旋光异构;光学异构optical isotropy 光学各向同性optical jig boring machine 光学坐标镗床optical Kerr effect 光学克尔效应optical laboratory 光学实验室optical lamp 光学灯optical landing system 光学着陆系统optical lantern 幻灯机optical laying 光学瞄准optical laying equipment 光学瞄准器optical length 光程;光程长optical length scale 光学刻尺optical lens 光学镜片;光学透镜;透镜optical lens face 光学透镜面optical lens polisher 光学透镜磨光器optical lens system 光学透镜系统optical lens wave guide 光学透镜波导optical level 光学xxoptical lever 光杠杆;光学比长仪;光学杠杆optical levitation 光学悬浮optical libration 光学天平动optical light filter 光学滤光器optical line of sight 光学瞄准线optical line-scan 光学行扫描optical linescan device 光行扫描器optical link 光线路optical liquid 光学浸液optical lithography 光学制版optical local oscillator 光学本机振荡器optical lock-on 光学跟踪;光学锁定;光学自动跟踪optical log 光学测程器;光学计程仪optical logic operations 光学逻辑功能optical loss test set 光损耗测试仪optical low-pass filter 光学低通滤波器;低通滤光器optical magnetic probe 光磁探针optical manufacture 光学加工optical mapping 光学映像optical mark card reader 光符号卡读出器optical mark reader 光学标志阅读器optical mark reader (OMR)光标阅读机;光字符阅读机optical maser 光激射器;光量子放大器optical maser oscillator 激光振荡器optical mask 光学掩模optical matched filter 光学匹配滤波器optical matched-filter imagecorrelator 光学匹配滤波像相关器optical material 光学材料optical means 光学方法;光学装置optical measurement 光学测量optical measurement of distance 光学测距法optical measuring device 光学测量装置optical measuring head 光学测头optical measuring instrument 光学测量仪器optical measuring machine 光学测量机optical measuring system 光学测量系统optical measuring technique 光学测量技术optical medium 光学介质;光学媒质optical memory 光储存器;光存储器;光学存储器optical memory circuit 光存储电路optical memory crystal 光存储晶体optical memory element 光存储元件;光学存储元件optical memory glass semiconductor 光存储玻璃半导体optical memory matrice 光学存储元件矩阵optical memory matrix 光学存储矩阵optical memory system 光学存储系统optical meteor 光学气象;大气光学现象。

半导体（Semiconductor）术语字母索引中英文解析（o、P、Q、R、S、T篇）hdragonf 发表于: 2011-3-17 10:20 来源: 半导体技术天地OOOxygen --氧O&MOperations & Maintenance --操作和维修OAOffice Automation --办公自动化OCOpen Collector --开路集电极OCAP1. Open Cable Specification --开放式电缆说明书2.Out of Control Action --控制失灵应急计划计划单上的动作是在无法控制的情况下执行的，由SPC探测。

通常在检查表单中定义。

OCR1) Optical Character Recognition --光学字符识别2) Operator Certification Rate --运算验证速率ODCOzone Depleting Chemicals --臭氧耗尽化学制品ODMOriginal Design Manufacturer -- 原始设备制造商ODPOzone Depleting Potential --臭氧层微耗潜能值ODSOzone Depleting Substances --臭氧耗尽物质是一个表示那些由于人类活动而产生的物质的术语，它们起反应，并且破坏臭氧层最上层的臭氧分子。

主要的臭氧耗尽物质是氯氟化碳(CFC)和Halons，两者都是化学物质，在对流层中非常稳定，典型的寿命是60至100年。

一但CFC或是Halons进入臭氧层，那里的紫外线辐射会非常强，足以使分子分裂，释放出氯原子(CFC)或是溴原子(Halons)，这些物质相至反应并且破坏臭氧层。

OECDOrganization of Economic Cooperation and Development --经济合作与发展组织OED1) Order Entry Date --定单登录日期2) Oxford English Dictionary --牛津英文字典OELOccupational Exposure Limit --占用的曝光限制OEMOriginal Equipment Manufacturer --原始设备制造商OFDMOccupational Health & Safety Assessment Series --正交频分多路用于数字传输中载波调制的方法。

眼安全 1.57 μm波长 OPO非线性晶体KTP镀膜研究摘要：利用KTP-OPO系统可以产生人眼安全波长的1.57 μm波长激光，其具有阈值低、转换效率高、重复频率高、脉冲能量大、结构简单及成本低等优良特点。

在军用指示、测距机、激光雷达及遥感等领域具有极大的应用前景，该技术日趋成熟，有望取代Nd：YAG产生的1.064μm激光。

本文从KTP-OPO系统应用出发，重点分析了KTP晶体端面镀膜的膜系设计及相关工艺研究，尤其对提高抗激光损伤阈值进行了重点试验。

关键词：KTP晶体，光参量振荡器，1.57 μm激光，离子辅助沉积Abstract：A KTP-OPO system has be used to manufacture 1.57 micron laser which is the safe wavelength of human eye, it has the advantages of low threshold, high conversion efficiency, high repetition frequency, large pulse energy, simple structure and lower cost. It has a great application prospect in military indication, rangefinder,laser radar and remote sensing, and it is expected to replace the1.064um laser which produced by Nd: YAG. In this paper, we set out from the perspective of KTP-OPO system, the film system design and related technology research of KTP crystal end face coating are analyzed, especially the key test of improving the laser damage threshold is carried out.Key Words：KTP；Optical Parametric Oscillator；1.57 μm laser；Ion Assisted Deposition作者简介：黄玲程（1982—）女，硕士，工程师，主要从事激光晶体元件镀膜技术研究等工作。

ＬＤ端面泵浦的１．５７μｍ内腔式ＯＰＯ曲瑜，李宇飞，孙渝明，侯学元，戚焕筠（山东大学信息学院，山东济南２５０１００）摘要：１．５７μｍ波长激光为人眼安全波长激光。

将ＫＴＰ晶体置于一个由ＬＤ端面泵浦、声光调Ｑ的Ｎｄ：ＹＶＯ４晶体双凹谐振腔内，利用ＫＴＰ表面镀膜建立了内腔式ＯＰＯ，实现了重复率在５～４０ｋＨｚ范围内１．５７μｍ脉冲激光的稳定输出。

实验结果表明，激光的阈值将随声光调Ｑ器重复率的增加而升高，重复率为５ｋＨｚ时得到最低阈值１．５２Ｗ。

重复率为１５ｋＨｚ、泵浦功率为３．７Ｗ时，输出光平均功率为３０５ｍＷ，脉冲宽度５０ｎｓ，峰值功率４００Ｗ。

关键词：ＬＤ端面泵浦；声光调Ｑ；１．５７μｍ激光；ＯＰＯ技术中图分类号：ＴＮ２４８．１文献标识码：Ａ文章编号：１００７－２２７６（２００６）０６－０６８３－０４Ｄｉｏｄｅ!ｅｎｄ!ｐｕｍｐｅｄ１．５７μｍｉｎｔｒａｃａｖｉｔｙＯＰＯＱＵＹｕ，ＬＩＹｕ"ｆｅｉ，ＳＵＮＹｕ"ｍｉｎｇ，ＨＯＵＸｕｅ"ｙｕａｎ，ＱＩＨｕａｎ"ｊｕｎ（ＳｃｈｏｏｌｏｆＩｎｆｏｒｍａｔｉｏｎＳｃｉｅｎｃｅ＆Ｅｎｇｉｎｅｅｒｉｎｇ，ＳｈａｎｄｏｎｇＵｎｉｖｅｒｓｉｔｙ，Ｊｉｎａｎ２５０１００，Ｃｈｉｎａ）Ａｂｓｔｒａｃｔ：１．５７μｍｅｙｅ"ｓａｆｅｌａｓｅｒｉｓｅｘｐｅｒｉｍｅｎｔａｌｌｙｒｅａｌｉｚｅｄｂｙｕｓｉｎｇａｎｉｎｔｒａｃａｖｉｔｙｏｐｔｉｃａｌｐａｒａｍｅｔｒｉｃｏｓｃｉｌｌａｔｏｒ（ＯＰＯ）ｐｕｍｐｅｄｂｙａｄｉｏｄｅ"ｅｎｄ"ｐｕｍｐｅｄ，ａｃｏｕｓｔｏ"ｏｐｔｉｃａｌｌｙ（Ａ"Ｏ）Ｑ"ｓｗｉｔｃｈｅｄＮｄ：ＹＶＯ４ｌａｓｅｒ．Ｓｔａｂｌｅｐｕｌｓｅｄｏｕｔｐｕｔｗｉｔｈｒｅｐｅｔｉｔｉｏｎｒａｔｅｒａｎｇｉｎｇｆｒｏｍ５ｔｏ４０ｋＨｚｉｓｏｂｔａｉｎｅｄ．ＴｈｅｌａｓｅｒｔｈｒｅｓｈｏｌｄｉｎｃｒｅａｓｅｓｗｉｔｈｉｎｃｒｅａｓｉｎｇｒｅｐｅｔｉｔｉｏｎｒａｔｅｏｆＱ"ｓｗｉｔｃｈｉｎｇａｎｄｔｈｅｌｏｗｅｓｔｔｈｒｅｓｈｏｌｄｏｆ１．５２Ｗｉｓｏｂｔａｉｎｅｄａｔａ５ｋＨｚｒｅｐｅｔｉｔｉｏｎｒａｔｅ．Ａｓｔａｂｌｅｌａｓｅｒｏｕｔｐｕｔｗｉｔｈａｎａｖｅｒａｇｅｐｏｗｅｒｏｆ３０５ｍＷ，ａｐｅａｋｐｏｗｅｒｏｆ４００Ｗ，ａｎｄａｐｕｌｓｅｗｉｄｔｈｏｆ５０ｎｓｉｓａｃｈｉｅｖｅｄａｔａｄｉｏｄｅｐｕｍｐｉｎｇｐｏｗｅｒｏｆ３．７Ｗａｎｄａｒｅｐｅｔｉｔｉｏｎｒａｔｅｏｆ１５ｋＨｚ．Ｋｅｙｗｏｒｄｓ：Ｄｉｏｄｅ"ｐｕｍｐｉｎｇ；ＡＯＱ"ｓｗｉｔｃｈｉｎｇ；１．５７μｍｌａｓｅｒ；ＯＰＯｔｅｃｈｎｉｑｕｅ收稿日期：２００５－１２－１０；修订日期：２００６－０２－０９作者简介：曲瑜（１９７７－），男，湖北宜昌人，研究生，主要从事激光物理与技术方面的研究。

光频梳效率-概述说明以及解释1.引言1.1 概述光频梳是一种新型的频率精密测量工具，它以其高效且高准确度的特点在科学研究和应用领域备受关注。

光频梳通过将宽频带的光分解为一系列精确的频率组成，类似于音乐中的音阶，从而能够实现非常高精度的频率计量。

相比传统的频率测量方法，光频梳具备更高的测量速度和更广的频率范围，成为了实验室和工程领域中不可或缺的工具。

本篇文章将主要讨论光频梳效率及其影响因素。

首先，我们将简要介绍光频梳的原理和应用领域。

然后，我们将深入探讨影响光频梳效率的各种因素，如腔长、激光功率、脉冲宽度等等。

通过研究这些影响因素，我们可以更好地理解光频梳的性能和优化方法，从而提高测量效率。

本文的目的是为读者提供一种全面了解光频梳效率的途径，并探讨其在科学研究和技术开发中的重要性。

我们将总结已有的研究成果，并展望未来光频梳技术在各个领域的应用前景。

相信本文内容将对读者深入了解和应用光频梳具有指导意义，为相关研究提供实用的参考。

1.2 文章结构文章结构部分的内容可以包括以下内容：文章结构部分的目的是介绍本篇长文的整体结构和各个章节的内容概要，以帮助读者更好地理解文章的组织结构和主要内容。

本文分为三个主要部分：引言、正文和结论。

首先，引言部分主要包括对光频梳效率的引入和背景介绍。

在引言部分，我们将对光频梳的概念进行简要概述，并介绍光频梳在科学研究和工程应用中的重要性和广泛应用。

其次，正文部分将详细介绍光频梳的原理、应用和效率的影响因素。

在2.1节中，我们将深入探讨光频梳的工作原理，包括其基本原理、构成和工作原理的数学模型等。

2.2节将详细介绍光频梳在不同领域的应用，包括频率计量、光谱学和频率合成等。

2.3节将重点讨论光频梳效率的影响因素，包括激光功率、模式锁定、光学腔和非线性效应等。

最后，结论部分将总结本文的主要内容，并对光频梳效率的意义进行阐述。

在3.1节中，我们将对全文进行总结，简要回顾光频梳的原理、应用和效率的影响因素。

关于光学参量振荡器OPO的研究目录中英文摘要………………………………………………02)一、引言……………………………………………………03)二、光学参量振荡器原理………………………………04)三、光学参量振荡器的理论研究………………………08)四、 1.06μm Nd:YAG激光器的静态和动态输出特性…16)五、 1.57μm 人眼安全光学参量振荡器的研究………18)六、全文总结………………………………………………25)七、主要参考文献………………………………………26)摘要：光学参量振荡器（Optical Parametric Oscillator）作为一种可调谐，高相干的激光光源，以其独特的优良特性，一直吸引着许多研究者的兴趣。

近年来，随着非线性频率变换晶体和固体激光技术的飞速发展，使得这一领域的研究异常活跃。

研究输出人眼安全波段激光的KTP-OPO系统更是其中的热点之一。

用1.06μm波长的Nd:YAG激光泵浦KTP-OPO系统，采用II类非临界相位匹配（θ=90。

,φ=0。

），可获得1.57μm的参量信号光输出。

本论文对以Nd:YAG- KTP构成的内腔光学参量振荡器（IOPO）进行了比较全面的理论和实验研究。

5理论方面：介绍了光学参量振荡器的基本原理，并从三波互作用的耦合波方程出发，对光学参量振荡器的理论进行了分析和研究，对参量振荡的泵浦阈值、转换效率等运转特性参数进行了全面地分析，总结了OPO系统设计方面的基本原则。

6实验方面：研究了氙灯泵浦1.06μm Nd:YAG激光器的静态和动态输出特性，探索了OPO系统所需的1.06μm单脉冲输出条件。

并在氙灯泵浦、被动调Q的1.06μmNd:YAG激光腔内实现了内腔KTP-OPO系统的运转，测量了不同调Q晶体、不同耦合输出镜透过率、不同IOPO腔长条件下，内腔OPO系统的输出情况。

观测到了单脉冲和多脉冲信号光的产生，分析了多脉冲产生的原因并总结了单脉冲产生所需的条件。

基于多重准相位匹配技术的光学参量振荡器研究一、引言光学参量振荡器（Optical Parametric Oscillator, OPO）是一种基于非线性光学效应的器件，可以在光学频率范围内产生连续可调谐的较高功率激光。

OPO广泛应用于激光雷达、化学分析、生物医学等领域。

本文主要研究基于多重准相位匹配技术的OPO。

二、多重准相位匹配技术多重准相位匹配技术（Multiple Quasi-Phase-Matching, MQPM）是一种通过周期性改变非线性晶体中的极化方向来实现相位匹配的方法。

MQPM可以提高非线性晶体中的转换效率，并且可以使用长时间工作在高功率下，具有很好的稳定性。

三、基于MQPM技术的OPO原理基于MQPM技术的OPO主要由一个共面型非线性晶体和两个反射镜组成。

当输入一个泵浦激光束时，它会被反射镜反射回晶体中，产生一个强度足够大的电场。

这个电场会导致晶体中产生一个二次谐波，这个二次谐波又会被反射回晶体中，并与泵浦激光束发生混频，产生一个信号光和一个相位匹配的波长较长的中间波。

这个中间波又会被反射回晶体中，与原来的二次谐波混频，产生一个相位匹配的波长更长的信号光和一个相位匹配的波长更短的红外光。

这个红外光又会被反射回晶体中，与原来的二次谐波混频，产生一个相位匹配的波长更长的信号光和一个相位匹配的波长更短的红外光。

这个过程可以一直进行下去，直到达到所需频率范围。

四、基于MQPM技术的OPO实验在实验中，我们使用了共面型MgO：LiNbO3非线性晶体作为MQPM OPO 的非线性介质。

输入功率为10W、532nm激光束通过半球面透镜聚焦到晶体上表面，并经过两个反射镜反射回晶体内部。

我们使用了三种不同长度（5mm、10mm和20mm）的共面型MgO：LiNbO3非线性晶体进行实验，并记录了输出功率随着波长的变化曲线。

实验结果表明，随着晶体长度的增加，OPO的输出功率也随之增加，并且可以在1.5μm到4μm的范围内产生连续可调谐的激光。

皮秒opo 光谱物理
皮秒（picosecond）和OPO（Optical Parametric Oscillator）都是光谱物理中的术语。

皮秒是时间单位，表示一皮秒等于10的负十二次方秒（10的负十二次方秒），通常用于描述光与物质相互作用的时间尺度。

在光谱学中，皮秒通常用于研究快速光子动力学过程，例如光致发光、光致吸收和光致散射等。

OPO是一种光学器件，用于将输入的光信号转换为两个输出信号，这些输出信号具有特定的频率和振幅。

OPO通常由非线性晶体和光学谐振腔组成，当输入光信号通过非线性晶体时，会产生一系列频率成分的光信号，这些信号被光学谐振腔选择性地放大和振荡，从而形成两个输出信号。

OPO的主要应用是在激光光谱学、光学通信和光学频率合成等领域。

专利名称：Optical parametric oscillator发明人：Katsuyuki Kasai,Claude Fabre申请号：US09629887申请日：20000731公开号：US06433918B1公开日：20020813专利内容由知识产权出版社提供专利附图：摘要：An optical parametric oscillator includes a nonlinear element for converting an incident pump beam of angular frequency &ohgr;into a combination of a signal wave of angular frequency &ohgr;and an idler wave of angular frequency &ohgr;at an arbitrary angular frequency ratio, a beam splitter for splitting the combination exiting thenonlinear element into the signal wave of angular frequency &ohgr;and the idler wave of angular frequency &ohgr;, a signal optical resonator for resonating the signal wave of angular frequency &ohgr;at a resonator optical length Lbetween an input mirror and an end mirror, and an idler optical resonator for resonating the idler wave of angular frequency &ohgr;at a resonator optical length Lbetween an input mirror and an end mirror. The resonator optical length Lof the signal optical resonator and the resonator optical length Lof the idler optical resonator are set to satisfy the relationshipL/L=&ohgr;/&ohgr;. A signal wave reflection side functioning as the end mirror of the signal optical resonator and an idler wave reflection side functioning as the end mirror of the idler optical resonator are faced in opposite directions to form a common end mirror. Continuous frequency tuning is conducted by moving the common end mirror within a range wherein a maximum variation range &dgr;L(Max) satisfies&dgr;L(Max)=2C&ggr;/[&ohgr;−&ohgr;×L/(L+L)] (where C is the velocity of light and&ggr; is an optical resonator loss parameter).申请人：COMMUNICATIONS RESEARCH LABORATORY, INDEPENDENT ADMINISTRATIVE INSTITUTION,KASAI KATSUYUKI代理机构：Oblon, Spivak, McClelland, Maier & Neustadt, P.C.更多信息请下载全文后查看。