商务英语阅读课后习题答案-chapter1-8.docx

Unit 12. Fill in each blank of the following sentences with one of the phrases in the list given below. Make changes when necessary.1) At a time whe n the n eed is grow ing for men tai health services, many coun tries are unfortunately cutting back on its spending.2) There is an in creas ing nu mber of people out of work. But the wester n media ofte n unfairly label them as lazy and reliable.3) Now that the flow of oil has been stopped by BP, thempact of all the spilled oil and n atural gas is still being measured.4) Once again its ability to steer economic policy will be tested against the ability todeliver on services and projects aimed at growing the economy and jobs.5) Hous ing prices are in credibly high today. But he bought his house for a song aboutfive years ago. 6) As people are complaining high prices, especially those related to daily n ecessities,the gover nment feels rather urge nt to hold down in flati on rate immediately.7) Under the new economy policy investors are invited to buy into state-owned enterprises.8) Since a serious gun shooting occurred in Arizona last week, security concerns havetrickled down to all places, in clud ing reside ntial build in gs.9) Social unrest is a daily occurrence in the country nowadays. It is in the last placewhen it comes to nv estme nt for mult in ati onal compa ni es. 10) Efforts to ban smoking in China are so effective yet. Some chain smokers never thinkof quitting while many others have battled in vain to quit. 3. Match the terms in column A with the definitions in column B: A) A reducti on in the gen eral availability of loans (or credit) or a sudde n tighte ning of the con diti ons required to obta in a loan from the banks 1 B) A non-bank entity or organization such as investment companies and mutual funds that inv ests in large qua ntities.§ C) A legal en tity created by a government to un dertakecommercial activities on its behalf.6 D) The trad ing of a corporation's stock or othersecurities (e.g. bonds or stock options) by in dividualswith pote ntial access to non-public in formatio n. 9E) An in dustry that requires large amounts of capital,mach inery and equipme nt to produce goods 5F) Gen erati on of new and creative approaches tosecurities, money man ageme nt or in vest ing lG) An economy that is expanding so rapidly that toomuch money is chas ingtoo few goods and 1) financial innovation2) stimulus package3) overheating 4) stamp tax 5) capital-inten sive sector 6) state-ru n firmecono mists fear a rise in in flati on 卫7) credit crisis H) tax levied on certa in legal tran sact ions such as thetran sfer of a property such as build ing, copyright, land,pate nt, and securities.8) in stituti onal inv estor I) A pla n or a series of measures take n by agover nment to jump-start its aili ng economy,gen erally as a part of its fiscal policy. _210) in sider tradi ng Unit 22. Fill in each blank of the following sentences with one of the phrases in the listgiven below:1) The search for the child was scaled back harply today, with almost a third of the volun2) into a recession by year s end.teers head ing home.The former Federal Reserve Chairman saysthere is a risk that the US could slip3) The CEO of the firm said that they would switch priority from traditionallabor- inten sive products to more hi-tech and value-added ones.4) In the aftermath of the financial crisis the group has put on hold some of itsambitious regi onal expa nsion pla ns.5) Toyota Motor Corp. is offering widespread job buyouts to its US workers for the first time and cutting the workweek at some of its American plants by 10% tocontend with falli ng sales.6) Eventually, it must morph into a system that functions on stability, or it will fail andcause an un stoppable breakdow n and widespread hardship.7) Unfortunately most of the central banks in the world today are still firmly underthe thumb of politicia ns.8) The stock market ' enduranee could depend heavily on whether economic andcorporate performa nee rema ins un certa in, or begi ns in dicati ng that the economy truly is out of the woods9) Survivors were encouraged to talk about their horrible experiencesto help them cometo terms with the flood disaster.10) Other coun tries—no tably Australia—have also avoided a bust in their hous ingmarkets, and have in stead see n prices in creas flatten out.3. Match the terms in column A with the explanations in column B:_______ A ______________ ______________________ B1) double-dip recession A) A physical substanee, such as foodgrains and metalswhich is interchangeablewith another product of the sametype, and which investors buy or sell, usually throughfuture con tracts Z2) credit rati ng B) A measure that exam in esthe weighted average ofprices of foodstuffs, ofte n used as an importa nt factor toassess the cost of liv ing93) austerity C) A gover nment policy of deficit-cutt in g, lower spe nding,and a reduct ion in the amount of ben efits and publicservices provided, sometimes coupled with in creases intaxesto pay backcreditors to reduce debt.34) private sector D) A central bank regulation that sets the minimumreserveseach commercial bank must hold to customerdeposits and no tes105) protective tariff E) The part of the economy that is not state con trolled,and is run by in dividuals and compa nies for profit. 46) beggar thy neighbor F) An expression in economics describing policy thatseeks ben efitsfor one country at the expe nse of others.Such policies attempt to remedy the economic problems inone country by means which tend to worse n the problemsof other coun tries67) commodity G) A published ranking based on detailed financialanalysis by a credit bureau, of one' financial history,specifically as it relates to one' ability to meet debt obligations. 28) sovereign-debt crisis H) A crisis in which a national government owes so muchdebt that it is unable to repay or on the edge of ban kruptcy89) food-price index I) A tariff which tries to ban imports to stop themcompeti ng with local products 510) reserve requirement J) A situation where economic growth slides back tonegative after a short-lived growth and the economy maymove into a deeper and Ion ger dow nturr!Unit 31. Fill in each blank of the following sentences with one of the phrases in the listgiven below. Make changes when necessary.1) Investors from big cities are quick to snap up real estatesin this booming town for theirrising future values.2) There are already clear signals that the investors will shift away from the finan cialfirm in legal trouble.3) High in put costs are likely to put pressure on steel prices in the domestic market even if dema nd still rema ins high.4) The prime minister said Thursday that a new international airport will be built in thesouther n city to cater to the rising nu mber of passe ngers and air cargoes there. 5) Many econo mists fear that the con tract ion of money supply may dry up financing needed for various econo mic activities.6) Professor Nil was, however, quick to warn the public to be on their guard against thosecoun terfeits alreadyi n circulation7) Academy Awards, Emmy Awards and doze ns of prestigious awards from prominentfilm festivals around the world attest to the stellar quality of the films being featured at the annual World Community Film Festival.8) A neighborhood group in the district plans to hold a fundraiser to help children pay offoverdue book fines so that they can resume using their library9) The writer 'fame shrank last year becausethe public thought he was knockingout so many thi ngs.10) Bus in ess leaders have urged the gover nment to snap up farmla nd overseas togrow basic staples as a buffer aga inst soari ng food prices.11) T he Vancouver team vowed to get back to doing the little things right and knew itwould add up to big things.12) What has happenedover the past few years indicates that great political, socialand econo mic tran sformatio ns are n the making.2. Match the terms in column A with the definitions in column B.A B1) emergi ng market2) profit marg in3) con sumer spe nding4) con sumerism5) disposable in come6) optio n7) econo mic restructuri ng8) turnaround9) curre nt acco unt10) economic model A) A con tract that permits the owner, depe nding on the type of optio n held, to purchase or sell an asset at a fixed price un til a specific dateB) A theoretical con struct that represe nts econo mic processes by a set of variables and a set of logical and qua ntitative relati on ships betwee n then10 C) An economy with fast growth rate but low to middle per capita in come, has ope ned up its market and integrated itself into the global economy;!D) The process of movi ng from a period of losses or low profitability into a more profitable stage for a firm, in dustry or economy.8E) Ratio of profit after taxes to cost-of-sales, ofte n expressed as a perce ntage, measuri ng the profitability of a firm and in dicat ing its cost structure2F) P ortion of the bala nee of payme nts con sisti ng of exports and imports of goods and services, as well as tran sfer payme nts such as foreig n aid gran ts. 9G) The amount of money spe nt by households,measured mon thly, making up an importa nt part of an economy^H) The phe nomenon of an economy shifti ng from amanufacturing to a service sector economic base.7I) A moveme nt equati ng pers onal happ in esswith purchas ing material possessi ons andconsumption. 4J) The amount of in come left to an in dividual after taxes have bee n paid, available for spe nding and sav ing_5Unit 42. Fill in each blank of the following sentences with one of the phrases in the listgiven below. Make changes when necessary.1) China will adhere to the prin ciple of develop ing high tech no logy and realiz ingindustrialization to step up the commercialization, industrialization and intern atio nalizatio n of scie ntific and tech no logical achieveme nts.2) In the recent crisis no banks could manageto bail out the companies in financial pressure.3) In terms of the in formatio n from the Uni verse he is apathetic and sometimes irritable, he is like an ostrich sticking hisheadin sand4) It will be up to the board to decide if the CEO should be removed.5) All our hopes rest upon the arrival of the shipme nt.6) The plan has already been worked out , and could be put into operation at a mome nt's no tice.7) The whole machinery of civilization will break down if this doctrine wins in the war.8) His remarks hit home whe n he said that we did n ot work eno ugh.9) Some analysts suspected that Toyo taad pulled strings to stifle probes into its auto quality problems. 10) Mercy is reaching out to those who have no thi ng to give back to you.3. Match the terms in column A with the explanations in column B:A ___________________B ________________________________________ 1)free market 2) coalition government 3) dem on stratio n effects 4) health in sura nee 5) n ati onal in terest 6) pension schemeA) Effects on the behavior of in dividuals caused byobservati on of the actions of others and theirconsequences.B) An economic turmoil where companies go bankrupt, people are laid off, and markets aresluggish. There is a lot of panic in both bus iness and daily lives 9C) A market in which there is no economicinterventionby the state except to enforce privatecon tracts and the own ership of property. 1D) A qualified retirement plan set upby a corporation, labor union, gover nment or other orga ni zation for its employees 6E) A form of collectivism by means of which peoplecollectively pool their risk, in this case the risk ofin curri ng medical expe nses4 F) The ability to obtain what one wants through economic or cultural means. It allows nations toexert their in flue nee without using militarymeans or coerci on 8G) A fight or con ten tio n for territory, power,con trol, or resources betwee n tow more partiesin a place or area.7H) Things of great importa nee to a n ati on,including its goals, visions and ambitions in political, economic,cultural fields, etc. and acti ons, circumsta nces, and decisi onstoachieve them. 5I) A cabinet of a parliamentary governmentin whichseveralparties cooperate.2Unit 72. Fill in each blank of the following sentences with one of the phrases in the listgiven below:1) With his expanding wireless broadband plan, Obama wants to usher every Americaninto the 'Digital Age'.2) School activities start winding down about two weeks before the end of semester.3) The man said he couldn't come up with an appropriate answer just at the time.4) Everybody is sure that the ceaseless dripping owater will in the end hollow out astone.5) The progressive movement, which had already brought important changes in federalpolicies, stood on the verge of culmi natio n and fulfillme nt6) The state has suffered so much loss. The smugglers should n ever be allowed to getoff easy.7) After product ion expa nsion, this compa ny now can turn out a millio n televisi onsets a mon th.8) The preeminent writer's personal appearanee picked up the sales of the book considerably9) The n ewly announ ced credit policy may help many family-ow ned bus in esses getthrough the tough times at prese nt..10) The gover nment has imposed drastic econo mic con trols tohoke off in flati on.11) To execute full-cost acco un ti ng, compa nies mus a ccount for the true cost of theirproducts.12) Econo mists are not so optimistic becausethere is no sig n that the recessi on hasbottomed out3. Match the terms in column A with the explanations in column B:A B1 ) bon dholder a) A measure of a compa ny's finan cial health,whichequals cash receipts minus cash payme nts overa give n period of time. 62 ) creditor b) A finan cial assetwhose value has falle n sig nifica ntly and which fails gen erate cashflow and isworth much less tha n expected?3 ) dealership c) An en tity (pers on or in stituti on) that exte nds credit bygiving ano ther en tity permissi on to7) turf war8) soft power9) econo mic crunchborrow money if it is paid back at a later date 2d) A unit specially orga ni zed to work on a sin gledefi ned task 10e) A bus in ess compa ny that is owned or con trolled by ano ther larger compa ny 9f) A pers on owning a bond or bonds issued b a gover nment or a public compa ny 1g) Money used for the preservati on of men tal and physical health by preve nti ng or treat ing ill nessthrough services offered by the health professi on4h) Volume of products or services that can be gen erated by a product ion pla nt or en terprise in agive n period by using curre nt resources 5i) A bus in ess established or operated un der an authorizati on to sell or distribute a compa ny goods orservice in a particular are 3j) Products that are extremely populous among consumers and no rmally sell like hot cakes in themarket.8Unit 81. Fill in each blank of the following sentences with one of the phrases in the listgiven below. Make changes when necessary.1) When the starlet was asked abouther new boyfriend, she couldn ' help but gushabout him and their intimate plans for Valentine ' s.Day2) The leaking of as many as 251,000 StateDepartment documents,including secret embassy reportsfrom around the world, is nothing short of a political meltdown for US foreign policy. 3) With very critical views on the government economic policies, she often pals aroundwith those scholars who also take rather radical stanee on economic issues.4) It is high time for every one in the departme nt tokick into full geara nd fulfill our salesquota by the end of the year.5) The mother did whatever possible to prevent her son from hanging out with the guywho she thought was up to no thi ng good.6) Obama svictory in the election was viewed by many as progress in the United States. But I thi nk his eth ni city is beside the point7) The neighbors said what happenedwas totally out of character for the woman theyknew as quiet and frie ndly8) Unfortunately, the firm has not been able to pare ) production cost to the level thatmatches its competitors in the market.9) On the back of strong corporate earnings reports from a number of firms last week,coupled with the improvi ng un employme nt rate, i nv estor sen time nt was bolstered 4) health-care expe nses 5) manu facturi ng capacity 6) net cash flow 7) bad asset 8) hot products 9) subsidiary# 10) task forceon the first trad ing day of the week.10) T he team is expected to take a vote toni ght that coulc feet in motion a new pla n torevitalize the finan cial market.11) It was a long time before our bus in ess part ners could catch on to what we reallyinten ded.12) A s a shrewd man, he successfully pounced at the opport unity last year to becomethe marketi ng man ager.2. Match the terms in column A with the definitions in column B:A B1) market share2) cash drain3) shareholder wealth4) net worth5) man ageme nt team6) brain trust7) bala nee sheet8) capta ins of in dustry9) Ven ture capitalist10) product cycle A) A group of advisors, origi nally to a political can didate,for their expertise in particular fields, but now to anydecision makers, whether or not in politics. 6B) The rate of new product developme nt, whichis getting faster with more severe competitionand faster tech no logical adva nceme nt10C) Perce ntage or proporti on of the totalavailable market or market segment that aproduct or compa ny takes.1D) A group of executives employed to man age aproject, departme nt, or compa ny with theirparticular expertise or skills. 5E) A pers on, project, bus in ess or compa ny thatcon ti nues to con sume large amounts of cashwith no end in sight. 2F) A pers on or firm that inv ests in a bus in ess venture, providi ng capital for start-up orexpa nsion, and expect ing a higher rate of retur n than that for traditional investments.9G) The wealth shareholders get to accrue from theirownership of shares in a firm, which can bein creased by rais ing either share prices or divide nd payme nts.3H) A finan cial stateme nt that summarizes a company's assets, liabilities and shareholders' equity at a specific point in time. 7I) Total assets minus total liabilities, an important determinant of the value of a compa nyprimarily composed of all the money that has bee n inv ested and the retained earnings for the duration of its operation.4L) A bus in ess leader who is especially successful and powerful and whose means of amass ing apers onal fortune con tributes substa ntially to the country in some way 8。

何晓春商务英语文选Unit 1Why China WorksExercisesL Answer the questions on the text:1)How does the author view the Chinese economy?It is the most important bright spot in the world economy under the global recession, the only major economy that is likely to show significant growth this year, and the only one that routinely breaks every rule in the economic textbook.2)According to the author, why can the Chinese economy perform so well? Because of:(1)the capacity for state control by the Chinese government.(2)its rejection of exotic financial innovations that are the melting core of the globalcredit crisis.(3)the integration of its economic policies between traditional market tools and statecontrol measures.3)In what way does the author imply that western economists are erroneous in their bias toward “China，s market economic system”？The United States and Europe are moving toward state control by nationalizing their banking and car industries, and imposing heavy new regulation on thefinancial industry.4)What is the view of Stephen Roach on the Chinese economy system?Investment is the backbone of sustainable growth in the Chinese economy, which works more effectively than other market based systems in times of economicstress・5)Why can China work in the eye of the author?It has followed a radical pragmatism focusing on a slow but steady shift toward freer markets.6)What is regarded as the strategic thinking of the Chinese leaders in market reforms?They understand even under the serious financial crisis that it can stabilize the Chinese market and economy to introduce more sophisticated forms of securitization, including stock index funds, corporate bonds and other debt products. They also realize that, in the course of doing this, they should learn from the mistakes the westerners have made.7)What is the example given to illustrate the steadiness of the Chinese leaders in their policy execution?They continue to allow the value of yuan to rise despite of the American charges and the need for export competitiveness by their own enterprises.8)What is “shock therapy”？It is the economic policy adopted in Russia from 1991 to 1992 that totally deregulated prices and lead to a runaway inflation. It proved to be all shock and no therapy.9)In what ways does the Chinese economic system work efficiently?It can get things done quickly, move in a coherent manner, and marshal its people and resources to a common target: economic growth and prosperity.11)What are the Internet and public opinion used for?For putting pressure on local officials and influencing policy decisions.2.Fill in each blank of the following sentences with one of the phrases in the list given below. Make changes when necessary.1)At a time when the need is growing for mental health services, many countries areunfortunately cutting back on its spending.2)There is an increasing number of people out of work. But the western media oftenunfairly label them as lazy and reliable.3)Now that the flow of oil has been stopped by BP，the impact of all the spilled oiland natural gas is still being measured.4)Once again its ability to steer economic policy will be tested against the ability todeliveF on services and projects aimed at growing the economy and jobs.5)Housing prices are incredibly high today. But he bought his house for a SOURabout five years ago.6)As people are complaining high prices, especially those related to daily necessities,the government feels rather urgent to hold down inflation rate immediately.7)Under the new economy policy investors are invited to buy into state-ownedenterprises.8)Since a serious gun shooting occurred in Arizona last week, security concernshave trickled down to all places, including residential buildings・9)Social unrest is a daily occurrence in the countiy nowadays. It is in the last placewhen it comes to investment for multinational companies.10)Efforts to ban smoking in China arc so effective yet. Some chain smokers neverthink of quitting while many others have battled in vain to quit・3・ Match the terms in column A with the definitions in column B:A1) financial innovationBA) A reduction in the general availability of loans (orcredit) or a sudden tightening of the conditionsrequired to obtain a loan from the banks.72) stimulus package B) A non-bank entity or organization such asinvestment companies and mutual funds thatinvests in large quantities. 83) overheating C)A legal entity created by a government to undertakecommercial activities on its behalf. 6D) The trading of a corporation's stock or other securities(e.g. bonds or stock options) by individuals with potentialaccess to non-public information.9E) An industry that requires large amounts of capital,machinery and equipment to produce goods. 5F) Generation of new and creative approaches tosecurities, money management or investing. 1G) An economy that is expanding so rapidly that toomuch money is chasing too few goods and economists fear a rise in inflation .^3H) tax levied on certain legal transactions such as thetransfer of a property such as building, copyright, land, patent, and securities. 4I) A plan or a series of measures taken by a governmentto jump-start its ailing economy, generally as a part of itsfiscal policy.2 4. Translate the following passage into Chinese.我们所面临的来自中国的真正挑战并不是他们向我们大量销售的货物，而恰 恰相反，是他们正在提升的价值链。

《新编商务英语阅读教程》（第二版）练习参考答案Unit OneI.1. 资产C2. 边际变动E3. 市场势力I4. 劳动生产力（率）J5. 经济学A6. 市场失灵G7. 市场经济F8. 机会成本D9. 通货膨胀K10. 外部性H11. 效率B12. 菲利普斯曲线LII.Passage One经济学的研究主要分为两部分：宏观经济学与微观经济学。

宏观经济学着眼于经济全局——一幅宏观的画面。

在宏观经济学中，我们研究国家的政策目标，例如充分就业、抑制通货膨胀、经济增长等，而不考虑个人或者单个团体的利益和行为。

对宏观经济学的关注是为了从总体上认识并改善经济的运行。

微观经济学则关注宏观画面中的细节。

在微观经济学中，我们着眼于实际构成宏观经济的个人、厂商和政府机构。

我们感兴趣的是这些独立经济单位的行为。

他们的目标何在？以有限资源实现目标的途径是什么？如何对各种激励和机会做出反应？宏观经济学主要关注，例如，总消费性支出对总产出、就业及物价的影响。

很少关注消费性支出及其决定因素的实际内涵。

相反，微观经济学关注的是个体消费者具体的支出决策及其影响因素（爱好、物价水平、收入状况）。

宏、微观经济学的区别还反映在关于企业投资的讨论中。

宏观经济学中，我们需要了解决定企业总投资率的因素以及这些投资对一国的总产出、就业及物价水平产生影响的路径。

而微观经济学中，我们关注的是各家企业关于生产率、生产要素的抉择以及具体物品的定价决策。

了解宏、微观经济学的区别并非难事。

在现实社会，宏观经济的表现有赖于微观行为，而微观行为又受宏观经济表现的影响。

因此，人们只有了解了所有经济活动的参与者的行为方式及其成因，才能充分了解整个经济的运作方式。

但是，就如你会开车而不懂发动机的构造原理那样，你能观察到经济运行方式但并不能完全解开其中奥秘。

在宏观经济学中我们注意到经济这部汽车在踩油门时加速，踩刹车时减速。

这就是我们在大多数情形下所需了解的一切。

然而，汽车总有出故障的时候。

Business EnglishExtensive Reading (1)商务英语阅读（1）Ⅰ. Reading ComprehensionPart One : Directions: Choose the correct answers according to the information given from the passeges. Read the passages through carefully before making your choices. Please mark the corresponding leter for each item on Answer Sheet.Passage One: Questions 1 to 5 are based on the following passage．The popularity in North America is Iceberg Water, a leading brand of bottled water, which is harvested from icebergs off the coast of Newfoundland, Canada．Arthur Wiesenberger, who carries the title Water Master, is one of the few water critics in North America．As a boy，he spent time in the larger cities of Italy，France and Switzerland, where bottled water is consumed daily．Even then，he kept a water journal，writing down the brands he liked best．“My dog could tell the difference between bottled and tap water,”he says．But is plain tap water a11 that bad? Not at a11．In fact, New York’s municipal water for more than 100 years was recently considered among the best in the world in terms of both taste and purity．Similarly，a magazine in England found that tap water tasted better than several leading brands of bottled water．Nevertheless，soft-drink companies view bottled water as the next battle-ground for market share．As diners thirst for leading brands, soft-drink companies and restaurants salivate(垂涎)over the profits．A restaurant’s typical mark-up on wine is 100 to 150 percent, whereas on bottled water it's often 300 to 500 percent．As a result some restaurants are selling bottled water．According to an article in The Wall Street Journal, some of the more shameless tactics include placing attractive bottles on the table for a visual sell，listing brands on the menu without prices，and pouring bottled water without even asking the diners if they want itRegardless of how it's sold，the popularity of bottled water bring us better health and purity. 注意：此部分试题请在答题卡上作答。

《新编商务英语阅读教程》（第二版）练习参考答案Unit OneI.1. 资产C2. 边际变动E3. 市场势力I4. 劳动生产力（率）J5. 经济学A6. 市场失灵G7. 市场经济F8. 机会成本D9. 通货膨胀K10. 外部性H11. 效率B12. 菲利普斯曲线LII.Passage One经济学的研究主要分为两部分：宏观经济学与微观经济学。

宏观经济学着眼于经济全局——一幅宏观的画面。

在宏观经济学中，我们研究国家的政策目标，例如充分就业、抑制通货膨胀、经济增长等，而不考虑个人或者单个团体的利益和行为。

对宏观经济学的关注是为了从总体上认识并改善经济的运行。

微观经济学则关注宏观画面中的细节。

在微观经济学中，我们着眼于实际构成宏观经济的个人、厂商和政府机构。

我们感兴趣的是这些独立经济单位的行为。

他们的目标何在？以有限资源实现目标的途径是什么？如何对各种激励和机会做出反应？宏观经济学主要关注，例如，总消费性支出对总产出、就业及物价的影响。

很少关注消费性支出及其决定因素的实际内涵。

相反，微观经济学关注的是个体消费者具体的支出决策及其影响因素（爱好、物价水平、收入状况）。

宏、微观经济学的区别还反映在关于企业投资的讨论中。

宏观经济学中，我们需要了解决定企业总投资率的因素以及这些投资对一国的总产出、就业及物价水平产生影响的路径。

而微观经济学中，我们关注的是各家企业关于生产率、生产要素的抉择以及具体物品的定价决策。

了解宏、微观经济学的区别并非难事。

在现实社会，宏观经济的表现有赖于微观行为，而微观行为又受宏观经济表现的影响。

因此，人们只有了解了所有经济活动的参与者的行为方式及其成因，才能充分了解整个经济的运作方式。

但是，就如你会开车而不懂发动机的构造原理那样，你能观察到经济运行方式但并不能完全解开其中奥秘。

在宏观经济学中我们注意到经济这部汽车在踩油门时加速，踩刹车时减速。

这就是我们在大多数情形下所需了解的一切。

然而，汽车总有出故障的时候。

《新编商务英语阅读教程》（第二版）练习参考答案Unit OneI.1. 资产C2. 边际变动E3. 市场势力I4. 劳动生产力（率）J5. 经济学A6. 市场失灵G7. 市场经济F8. 机会成本D9. 通货膨胀K10. 外部性H11. 效率B12. 菲利普斯曲线LII.Passage One经济学的研究主要分为两部分：宏观经济学及微观经济学。

宏观经济学着眼于经济全局——一幅宏观的画面。

在宏观经济学中，我们研究国家的政策目标，例如充分就业、抑制通货膨胀、经济增长等，而不考虑个人或者单个团体的利益和行为。

对宏观经济学的关注是为了从总体上认识并改善经济的运行。

微观经济学则关注宏观画面中的细节。

在微观经济学中，我们着眼于实际构成宏观经济的个人、厂商和政府机构。

我们感兴趣的是这些独立经济单位的行为。

他们的目标何在？以有限资源实现目标的途径是什么？如何对各种激励和机会做出反应？宏观经济学主要关注，例如，总消费性支出对总产出、就业及物价的影响。

很少关注消费性支出及其决定因素的实际内涵。

相反，微观经济学关注的是个体消费者具体的支出决策及其影响因素（爱好、物价水平、收入状况）。

宏、微观经济学的区别还反映在关于企业投资的讨论中。

宏观经济学中，我们需要了解决定企业总投资率的因素以及这些投资对一国的总产出、就业及物价水平产生影响的路径。

而微观经济学中，我们关注的是各家企业关于生产率、生产要素的抉择以及具体物品的定价决策。

了解宏、微观经济学的区别并非难事。

在现实社会，宏观经济的表现有赖于微观行为，而微观行为又受宏观经济表现的影响。

因此，人们只有了解了所有经济活动的参及者的行为方式及其成因，才能充分了解整个经济的运作方式。

但是，就如你会开车而不懂发动机的构造原理那样，你能观察到经济运行方式但并不能完全解开其中奥秘。

在宏观经济学中我们注意到经济这部汽车在踩油门时加速，踩刹车时减速。

这就是我们在大多数情形下所需了解的一切。

然而，汽车总有出故障的时候。

商务英语阅读习题及答案⼀.docII) Match each one on the left with its correct meaning on the right1. motivation2. pursue3. mark up4. procurement5. intangible6. cargoroyalty商务英语阅读习题（⼀）I) Comprehension1. What is international trade?2. What are the major motivations for private firm to operate international business?3. What measures do most companies usually adopt to avoid wild swings in the sales and profits?4. Pleas give the four major modes chosen by most companies when entering into international trade.5. Could you find any difference between Direct Investment and Portfolio Investment? If you can, please tell the main reasons.6. What is MNE? What are its synonyms?7. What limits a firm's sales?A. tomake continual efforts to gain sth. B. the action of obtaining, esp. by efforts of carefulattention. C. which by is its nature can not be known by senses, not clear and certain, not real. D. the goods (freight) carried by a ship, plane or vehicle.E. the amount by which a price is raised.F. profit, interest-G. the net value of assets or interest, invest.8. equity 股本，资产净值 H. not needing other things or people, taking decisions alone.9. yield I. a share of the profits.10. independent J. need or purpose.2. A3.E4.B5. C6.D7.18.G9.F 10.HHI) Fill in the blanks with the words or expressions given below and if necessary, put the word in the right form.A. orientationB. diversifyC. seek outD. differentiate...fromE. take advantage ofF. undergoG. bring aboutH. correspond L abandon J. amount to K. Come after L. approach1. That factory is trying to B its products to sell in different markets.2. A successful businessman is always skilled in E every possible opportunity.3. Reforming and opening to the world has G great changes in our lives.4. Can you D this kind of operating the others?5. Private firm going in for international business have a profit A6. He I his company and family and went away with all the money.7. The L of winter brings cold weather.8. The manager's words J a refusal to the proposal./doc/045460db492fb4daa58da0116c175f0e7dd11956.html pany is always C the best way to gain more while cost less.10.The city has F many changes during the last ten years.11.Direct investment usually K a firm has experience in exporting or importing.12.There goods don't H to the list of these I ordered.IV)Translate the following terms and phrases into Chinese;1.purchasing power lO.recovery2.sales potentials 11, recession3.mark-up 13. portfolio investment4.domestic markets 12. tangible goods5.finished goods 13. visible exports and imports6.profit margin 14. revenue and expenditure7.market share 15- excess capacity8.trade discrimination9.business cycles 16. licencing agreementsV)Translate the following sentences into Chinese;If the exporting market price exceeds the one at the importing country, a dumping margin exists on that particular sale. Then Under Article VI of GATT( General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade) 1994, and the Anti-Dumping Agreement, WTO Members can impose anti-dumping measures, if, after investigation in accordance with the Agreement, a determination is made (a) that dumping is occurring, (b) that the domestic industry producing the like product in the importing country is suffering material injury, and (c) that there is a causal link between the two. Typically anti-dumping action means charging extra import duty on the particular product from the particular exporting country in order to bring its price closer to the “normal value" or to remove the injury to domestic industry in the importing country.VI)Translate the following sentences into English;1.国际贸易有助于所有的国家促进经济的发展。

《新编商务英语阅读教程》（第二版）练习参考答案Unit OneI.1. 资产C2. 边际变动E3. 市场势力I4. 劳动生产力（率）J5. 经济学A6. 市场失灵G7. 市场经济F8. 机会成本D9. 通货膨胀K10. 外部性H11. 效率B12. 菲利普斯曲线LII.Passage One经济学的研究主要分为两部分：宏观经济学与微观经济学。

宏观经济学着眼于经济全局——一幅宏观的画面。

在宏观经济学中，我们研究国家的政策目标，例如充分就业、抑制通货膨胀、经济增长等，而不考虑个人或者单个团体的利益和行为。

对宏观经济学的关注是为了从总体上认识并改善经济的运行。

微观经济学则关注宏观画面中的细节。

在微观经济学中，我们着眼于实际构成宏观经济的个人、厂商和政府机构。

我们感兴趣的是这些独立经济单位的行为。

他们的目标何在？以有限资源实现目标的途径是什么？如何对各种激励和机会做出反应？宏观经济学主要关注，例如，总消费性支出对总产出、就业及物价的影响。

很少关注消费性支出及其决定因素的实际内涵。

相反，微观经济学关注的是个体消费者具体的支出决策及其影响因素（爱好、物价水平、收入状况）。

宏、微观经济学的区别还反映在关于企业投资的讨论中。

宏观经济学中，我们需要了解决定企业总投资率的因素以及这些投资对一国的总产出、就业及物价水平产生影响的路径。

而微观经济学中，我们关注的是各家企业关于生产率、生产要素的抉择以及具体物品的定价决策。

了解宏、微观经济学的区别并非难事。

在现实社会，宏观经济的表现有赖于微观行为，而微观行为又受宏观经济表现的影响。

因此，人们只有了解了所有经济活动的参与者的行为方式及其成因，才能充分了解整个经济的运作方式。

但是，就如你会开车而不懂发动机的构造原理那样，你能观察到经济运行方式但并不能完全解开其中奥秘。

在宏观经济学中我们注意到经济这部汽车在踩油门时加速，踩刹车时减速。

这就是我们在大多数情形下所需了解的一切。

然而，汽车总有出故障的时候。

商务英语阅读（课后练习答案）Chapter One: EconomicsLesson OneⅠ. Check your comprehension: Decide if the sentences are T or F. Write T or F before each sentence. Compare your answer with your pair.1. T2. T3. F4. F5. FⅡ. Familiar yourself with the following key terms:A. Choose the statement that defines one of the business terms given below.1. distribute2. purchase3. loan4.resource5.interest6. supplierB. Identify the English expressions of the following Chinese terms.1.unemployment rate2.financial affairs3.auto loanitary pursuits5.civilian pursuits6.raise money7.medical care8.economic concernsⅢ. Vocabulary practice: Filling in the blanks with the proper words or expressions you have learned from the text given below to finish the following sentences.1. distributed2. varying3. economic4. purchasing5. resources6. exchange7.campaign8. issueⅣ. Translation.1．人类有多种需要和需求。

《新编商务英语阅读教程》（第二版）练习参考答案Unit OneI.1. 资产C2. 边际变动E3. 市场势力I4. 劳动生产力（率）J5. 经济学A6. 市场失灵G7. 市场经济F8. 机会成本D9. 通货膨胀K10. 外部性H11. 效率B12. 菲利普斯曲线LII.Passage One经济学的研究主要分为两部分：宏观经济学与微观经济学。

宏观经济学着眼于经济全局——一幅宏观的画面。

在宏观经济学中，我们研究国家的政策目标，例如充分就业、抑制通货膨胀、经济增长等，而不考虑个人或者单个团体的利益和行为。

对宏观经济学的关注是为了从总体上认识并改善经济的运行。

微观经济学则关注宏观画面中的细节。

在微观经济学中，我们着眼于实际构成宏观经济的个人、厂商和政府机构。

我们感兴趣的是这些独立经济单位的行为。

他们的目标何在以有限资源实现目标的途径是什么如何对各种激励和机会做出反应宏观经济学主要关注，例如，总消费性支出对总产出、就业及物价的影响。

很少关注消费性支出及其决定因素的实际内涵。

相反，微观经济学关注的是个体消费者具体的支出决策及其影响因素（爱好、物价水平、收入状况）。

宏、微观经济学的区别还反映在关于企业投资的讨论中。

宏观经济学中，我们需要了解决定企业总投资率的因素以及这些投资对一国的总产出、就业及物价水平产生影响的路径。

而微观经济学中，我们关注的是各家企业关于生产率、生产要素的抉择以及具体物品的定价决策。

了解宏、微观经济学的区别并非难事。

在现实社会，宏观经济的表现有赖于微观行为，而微观行为又受宏观经济表现的影响。

因此，人们只有了解了所有经济活动的参与者的行为方式及其成因，才能充分了解整个经济的运作方式。

但是，就如你会开车而不懂发动机的构造原理那样，你能观察到经济运行方式但并不能完全解开其中奥秘。

在宏观经济学中我们注意到经济这部汽车在踩油门时加速，踩刹车时减速。

这就是我们在大多数情形下所需了解的一切。

然而，汽车总有出故障的时候。

《新编商务英语阅读教程》（第二版）练习参考答案Unit OneI.1. 资产C2. 边际变动E3. 市场势力I4. 劳动生产力（率）J5. 经济学A6. 市场失灵G7. 市场经济F8. 机会成本D9. 通货膨胀K10. 外部性H11. 效率B12. 菲利普斯曲线LII.Passage One经济学的研究主要分为两部分：宏观经济学与微观经济学。

宏观经济学着眼于经济全局——一幅宏观的画面。

在宏观经济学中，我们研究国家的政策目标，例如充分就业、抑制通货膨胀、经济增长等，而不考虑个人或者单个团体的利益和行为。

对宏观经济学的关注是为了从总体上认识并改善经济的运行。

微观经济学则关注宏观画面中的细节。

在微观经济学中，我们着眼于实际构成宏观经济的个人、厂商和政府机构。

我们感兴趣的是这些独立经济单位的行为。

他们的目标何在？以有限资源实现目标的途径是什么？如何对各种激励和机会做出反应？宏观经济学主要关注，例如，总消费性支出对总产出、就业及物价的影响。

很少关注消费性支出及其决定因素的实际涵。

相反，微观经济学关注的是个体消费者具体的支出决策及其影响因素（爱好、物价水平、收入状况）。

宏、微观经济学的区别还反映在关于企业投资的讨论中。

宏观经济学中，我们需要了解决定企业总投资率的因素以及这些投资对一国的总产出、就业及物价水平产生影响的路径。

而微观经济学中，我们关注的是各家企业关于生产率、生产要素的抉择以及具体物品的定价决策。

了解宏、微观经济学的区别并非难事。

在现实社会，宏观经济的表现有赖于微观行为，而微观行为又受宏观经济表现的影响。

因此，人们只有了解了所有经济活动的参与者的行为方式及其成因，才能充分了解整个经济的运作方式。

但是，就如你会开车而不懂发动机的构造原理那样，你能观察到经济运行方式但并不能完全解开其中奥秘。

在宏观经济学中我们注意到经济这部汽车在踩油门时加速，踩刹车时减速。

这就是我们在大多数情形下所需了解的一切。

然而，汽车总有出故障的时候。

听力1) Why is it suggested that one should concentrate on well-known companies when looking for a job?Because well-known companies are usually large and, therefore, frequently hire new people.2) What are the three ways to contact the companies you are applying for?The first way is to call them up on the telephone. Another way is to write a cover letter and send it to the company with a resume. The third way is to go directly to the company without first writing or calling.3) Why do you use these ways to contact the companies?To get an interview.4) Why is the job interview crucial for getting a good job?Managers are trained to interview applicants in a special way. The education and experience of the interviewee are important; yet, equally important to a company is how a person feels about the company.5) What is the company concerned with in a job interview?The psychology of the applicants.6) What are the three stages of the typical interview?The first is the beginning of the interview, during which the manager tries to make the applicant feel comfortable and tells the applicant something about the company. In the second stage, the manager asks the interviewee questions about his education, his background, and his interest in the job. Finally, the manager will discuss salary and allow the applicant to ask questions about the company.7) What should a person do in an interview?Try to relax, to be honest, and to be yourself. If you relax and actnaturally, the interviewer will feel comfortable and will know that he can trust you. This will increase your chances of getting the job.说1.2.1 DialogueMr Tony Johnson, the manager of the export department, is interviewing MsLinda White who is applying for the post of secretary.1）What does Ms White do at the moment?She is a secretary.2）Why does she want to change the present company?She wants to get more interesting work − that’s why she is applying for this post.3）What did Ms White say about the qualities a secretary should have?A secretary needs to be pretty hard-working and should be able to do a lot of things on her own initiative.4）What did the report sent by Personnel Department say about Ms White? She did reasonably well in the shorthand and typing test, and very well indeed in the intelligence test.5）What do you think of Ms White’s replies at the interview?（open）6）Do you think Ms White will get the job? Give your reasons.（open）1.1.2 DialogueMiss Jones comes to see Mr Smith, the personnel manager, for the job interview.1）What is the applicant’s educational background？She left school at 18. After working in an engineering firm for two years, she did a one-year full-time PA course.2）What does she do at present?She is now working in Europe Marketing, assisting the sales director by arranging visits, setting up meetings and presentations and dealing with correspondence.3）How did the applicant describe her foreign language ability?She was quite fluent in French and German but her foreign languages have got a bit rusty now.4) Why does the applicant want to leave the present company and join Anglo-European?She feels that she would have more scope and opportunity in the new company and that the work will be more challenging for her.5）Why does the applicant want to work abroad in one of the overseas branches?She likes to travel and use her foreign languages.6）Do you think the applicant is a right person for this company? Why or why not?（open）读1. Why do you need to do some research before an interview?Researching a company and the position makes you stand out in aninterview. It shows that you are really interested in working there.2. What sort of information do you need about the company you apply for?You may need information such as kinds of products or services the company make or sell, the types of people who work there, the typical hours this position requires and some of the day-to-day tasks that thejob involves.3. What is the proper way of dressing for a job interview?How you should dress in a job interview depends on the type of job you apply for. For example, for a job in an office, it is usually best towear a dark-colored, conservative suit (for both men and women). 4. According to the passage, what is meant by good interview etiquette? Can you add more?Good interview etiquette means some important tips like “Be on time for your interview”, “Be aware of your body language” and “Keep the interview positive”.5. Why is it necessary for a job candidate to prepare some questions? Because preparing some questions about the business, the position, the requirements, the expectations of the person who will fill the position and so on shows you are truly interested in the position and also helps employers know that you have all the information you need to make a decision, if offered the job.6. What should you do after the interview?You should send the interviewer a thank-you note, thanking him or her for taking time to interview you. This is not only proper etiquette and a common display of appreciation, but it also allows you to reaffirm one or two key points of the interview. It also lets the interviewer know howinterested you are in working for the company.写1. 从你的简历和应聘申请书来看，你对营销工作已有相当多的经验。

Chapter13. Phrase Translation1）萧条的经济、充分就业、贸易赤字、深入分析、工业化国家、自由贸易协定、国际专业化、产品差别、贸易盈余、决定性因素2）economic win-win, tariff barrier, wage inequality, labor productivity, lay off workers, factors of production, bilateral deal, regression analysis, market access, world economic recovery4. Translate the following sentences with the expressions in the list given below.1) The monitoring system will finally substitute the U.S. government’s cap on cigar imports from Cuba.2) The quarrel between Mexico and the U.S. will be of no avail and it may disrupt the lifting of the agricultural tariffs under the North American Free Trade Agreement.3) An economic cooperation business forum, which will discuss how to minimize the negative impact of global economic imbalance adjustment on China, will take place shortly before the ministerial conference.4) Few Americans attribute this to such obvious causes as a devalued dollar or the business cycle.5) Recent research has shed light on the fact that there are heavy financial and political costs associated with the measures necessary to reduce the emission of greenhouse gases.6) There are rumors that the government struck a private deal with the corporation’s chairman last month.7) The opposition is exerting pressure on the U.S government to change the policy towards textiles imports.8) Since the establishment of the bilateral free-trade agreement, the emerging economy has always been at the forefront of science and technology.9) In general, floating exchange rates are supposed to insulate countries from persistent differences in inflation with their trading partners.10) According to conservative estimates, by 2010, China’s import and export volume with North America and the EU would surpass $400 billion respectively, with ten ASEAN countries exceeding $200 billion.Chapter 23. Phrase Translation1）消费品，折扣零售商，品牌资产价值，广告预算，现实销售数据，促销，盈利，扫描数据2）price premium, baseline sales, price reductions, advertising spending, marketing mix, quantity premium, product-line length( variety), allocation of dollars4. Translate the following sentences with the expressions in the list given below.1) The government has allocated $0.1billion to the development and utilization of renewable energy in rural areas.2) We should not develop the Western region at the expense of environment. Therefore the government has been following a sustainable development road attaching equal importance to economic development and environmental protection.3) As a big responsible nation, China will strictly abide by the WTO rules and honor its commitments.4) The rapid growth in China’s grain production can be ascribed to the fact that the Chinese government has implemented a series of reform policy and measures in the rural areas, such as raising the prices of grain purchased by the state.5) In the globalization era, not all countries play on the level playground. Some developing countries have to adhere to some marketing principles, or even accede to the requests of some governments.6) Over the past year, the global investment demand was on the wane; the major world currencies suffered swift turbulence and some emerging markets underwent severe financial crisis.7) Networks fundamentally alter the nature of competition and level the playing field, especially for smaller business regardless of the barriers like time and distance.8) Through micro credit projects, with the credit available on demand, farmers are able to pay back both the principle and interest in time.9) China’s vigorous eco nomic development is indicative of the fact that China has become one of the countries that enjoy the highest economic growth speed in the world.10) With the reform of the wholly state-owned commercial banks, when some qualified commercial banks seek listing in the stock market, others certainly will follow suit.Chapter 33. Phrase Translation:1)privileged minority 享有特权的少数人gas station 加油站marketing research 市场调查professional competence 专业技能a sales point 卖点product design 产品设计potential consumer 潜在顾客business disaster 商业灾难2）日常生活daily life广告活动advertising campaigns物理特征physical characteristics视觉想象visual imagination国内媒体national media销售增长a sale increase销售渠道distribution system产品导向型的广告product-orientated advertising4. Translate the following sentences with the expressions in the list given below.1) Experts have attributed the main cause of the company’s poor performance to its poor HR functions, especially the appointment of the senior management.2) British Airways intends to create a more flexible and modern corporate culture through the relocation.3) Rumors about redundancy make the company at its worst in terms of morale ever since its foundation.4) After financial scandals, many companies can only resort to charity activities to improve their corporate image.5) Politicians shold not engage in business affairs that might affect their political judgement.6) As a sleeping partner of the enterprise, he is entitled to share the profits, but is deprived of participating in its management.7) After watching this interview, she realizes how difficult it is to be a venture capitalist. For one thing, you need to have the money; for another, you need to have the insight to pick the right start-ups.8) To enter a specific market, in addition to acquiring sufficient knowledge about our target customers, we also need to know about the local policies and abide by them.9) With the efforts of these university students, it was brought to light that this world-famous multinational had established some sweat factories in China.10) In a time when customers change constantly and rapidly in their needs, only companies who are quick to respond can survive and succeed in the end.Chapter 43. Phrase Translation1) Given the Chinese equivalents to the following English Terms.mobility of people:流动人口supply networks: 供应商网络standardized items：标准零配件specialist manufacturing technology:特殊制造技术complementary economies: 互补经济体anti-Japanese sentiment: 反日情绪foreign affiliates: 外方合伙人，外国附属公司go public: 上市2) Give the English equivalents to the following Chinese terms:企业并购mergers and acquisition海外扩张overseas expansion全球化战略globalization strategy保护主义措施protectionist measures市场准入access to market知识产权intellectual property right贸易伙伴trading partners资本投入capital investment4. Translate the following sentences with the expressions in the list given below.1) Vendors now offer systems that work only with their hardware, but they are trying to make their equipment integrate with other’s hardware.2) Agricultural export, by contrast, respond immediately, growing at an annual rate of 17.7 percent in 1980 and 1981.3) This book takes a strategic view of business and develops the ability to take a multidisciplinary approach to managing a business and resolving problems and issues.4) Thanks to the recession and 9/11, Mayor Michael Bloomberg must contend with a whopping budget deficit projected to 60 billion.5) Dispose of batteries properly. Do not throw them into fire or expose to high temperature.6) In the future, in addition to syndicating our groups’ efforts, we will ally with foreign companies to leverage advantages and enhance global competitiveness.7) We are certain that in due course of time, the economic reform will have brought about results and benefits that will go beyond China’s boundaries.8) One of the major banks has lowered its interest rate and the other bank is expected to follow suit.9) During these quarterly meetings, it’s the boss’s responsibility to respond to each manager’s plan.10) We will put in place a new order of the socialist market economy through completing the market system and rectifying and regulating the market behavior.5.1) ambivalent 2) integration 3）hindered4) from 5) by 6) shortage 7) options8) acquisition 9) strategy 10) alliance 11) craftChapter 53. Phrase Translation1) English to Chinesepublicly traded companies 上市公司keep a weather eye on…对随时留意/小心提防accounting firms 会计师事务所international subsidiaries 国外子公司cost efficient 经济划算的take a wait-and-see approach 持观望态度reconciliation reports财务）调整报告performance measures 业绩评定指标/方法2) Chinese to English通用/公认会计准则generally accepted accounting principles收益确认revenue recognition损益表/收益表income statement每股收益earnings per share常务/执行董事managing director信用评级机构credit-rating agencies财务管理人员/主管finance chiefs/ executives机构投资者/投资机构institutional investors4. Translate the following sentences with the expressions in the list given below.1) Escalating costs have almost wiped out the company’s profits from last year.2) This area is studded with bars all vying for customer attention. But it’s not easy to pin down what exactly it is that pleases customers the most.3) The project team decided to adhere to its original plan despite the appalling weather.4) At the press conference, the PR manager reiterated that the company’s operation has returned to normal. However, many private shareholders remain skeptical about such claim.5) The new labor law, which took effect last year, is likely to raise the labor cost of a considerablenumber of enterprises.6) The less senior employees are reluctant to express their views or make any suggestions because they don’t think their ideas w ill really be put into practice.7) Local relief organizations have also embarked on fund-raising campaigns so as to provide more financial support for the earthquake victims.8) Up to 30 companies submitted their request for price rise, but most of them d idn’t stand a chance of getting approval from the regulatory agency.9) The decision-makers seem to have already given up on the reform program though its initiators are still trying hard to elicit support from other stakeholders.10. The new model, which has just been released onto the market recently, is being touted as the most energy-efficient and environmentally-friendly product of its kind.Chapter 63.explicit inflation target 公开的通货膨胀指标volatile prices 波动价格monetary policymaking 制定货币政策consumer expenditure 消费支出credit crunch 信贷资金骤减variable mortgage rates 浮动按揭/抵押贷款利率surging and plunging asset prices 大起大落的资产价格do more harm than good 得不偿失/弊大于利2)楼市暴跌housing crunch/collapse维持价格稳定maintain price stability核心通货膨胀core inflation rate消费者物价指数consumer price index资产负债表balance sheet预除负面影响forestall the adverse effects政策框架policy framework市场预期market expectation4.1) The intensification of globalization has made the financial market of any country more vulnerable to booms and busts in other countries.2) This model, which used to be the cash cow of the company, only accounts for 5% of its total sales revenue now.3) The local authorities’ response to the crisis seemed grossly inconsistent with its proclaimed commitment to environmental protection.4) In his speech, the newly-appointed chairman of the committee warned banks and other financial institutions against over speculation and reckless lending.5) The company has recently introduced a new assembly line in the hope that improved technology can translate into higher productivity.6) The new policy comes into effect this month, but whether it can deliver the expected benefits remains to be seen.7) To sustain their present standards of living, you have to bring their income into line with rising prices.8) This country has a great advantage over its neighbors in terms of the financial and technological resources needed to achieve the dual goal of economic prosperity and cleaner environment.9) During the economic recession, the outlook for job opportunities was bleak.10) Should our negotiation with the agency break down, we’ll consider setting up our own retail outlets.5. 1) economies 2)accompanied 3)run-ups 4)crashes 5)pose 6)intervention 7)variety 8)within 9)extent 10)under 11)distinguish 12)fundamentalsChapter 73.Phrase Translation:1)competitive edge 竞争优势breach of contract 违反合同convertibility of profit 收益的可兑换financial instruments 金融工具currency conversions 货币转换financial hedges 金融避险cost-benefit analysis 成本效益分析record-high 破纪录的高点a vested interest 既得利益in its infancy 初级阶段2）新兴市场emerging markets金融危机financial meltdown民间暴乱civil disturbance股票价格share prices风险溢价risk premium政治周旋political spin平衡竞争环境level the playing field利害关系have a stake in数据采集data-mining博弈论game theory4.1)The advantages of the establishment of legal framework far outweigh its disadvantages because it guarantees private property rights for citizens as the rights of foreign entities to purchase and sell businesses within the country.2. The government seeks ways to accelerate its bid to enter the World Trade Organization and promises to honor the commitment.3. According to the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development, India attracted $16.9 billion in foreign direct investment inflows in 2006, which is equivalent to a 153% increase from the previous year.4. There are signs that the market could open up in the near future and more foreign entities willhave a stake in the international business.5. The practices of foreign companies must be consistent with international standards following the 1999 Trademark Act that protected foreign trademarks and service marks.6. As of January 1, 2008, both domestic and foreign-funded enterprises will be subject to a 25% statutory rate.7. Even before they reached the bilateral free-trade agreement in 2009, trade talks had already gained more and more favor with the Mexicans.8. Germany’s anti-monopoly law, adopted voting on August 30, renders those foreign mergers and acquisition against national security infeasible.9. China allows for full profit repatriation and since the mid-1990s, foreign investors have broadly had free access to foreign exchange.10. Instead of engaging in endless talks that amount to little more than arguments for the lion’s share of profit, both sides need to size up the current situation.。

PART ONEQuestions 1 - 8·Look at the sentences below and at five passages taken from a book about famous management thinkers on the opposite page.·Which passage does each sentence refer to?·For each sentence 1 - 8, mark one letter A1 B, C, D or E on your Answer Sheet.·You will need to use some of these letters more than once.Example:0ABCDE1 Others in his field think very highly of him.2 His ideas have spread beyond the business world.3 He felt that people should be able to enjoy their work.4 His ideas are more complex than they seem.5 He did a variety of interesting things before writing his books.6 His most successful book was written with a colleague.7 He is particularly skilled at forecasting important developments.8 Contact with the military was an early influence on his thinking.A John AdairAdair is the pioneering British thinker in the theory of leadership.He was the first person in the UK to hold a professorship in Business Leadership and haspublished a series of influential books on the subject.Despite his quiet appearance, Adair has had a colourful life, serving in aBedouin regiment and working on an Arctic fishing boat! His initial interest inleadership came from his army experience and he used to lecture at the highlyprestigious academy where British army offices are trained. He now works as aninternational consultant.B Edward de BonoDe Bono is unusual among major gurus for two reasons: firstly, he was born notin one of the great industrial nations but on the tiny island of Malta. Secondly,his ideas have reached a wider audience than just managers, so that his bookshave become essential rending in many different disciplines.Most of de Bono s work has been concerned with the way human beings can train themselves to think more creatively. This apparently simple idea has resulted in37 books and a highly successful career as a lecturer and consultant.management as a serious area of study. Certainly, his fellow management thinkersconsider him one of the founding fathers of the discipline, and his books and articles are quoted more than those of any other management writer.His first book was published as far back as 1939, yet he is still writing andteaching. His greatest distinction has been his ability to predict coming trendsin business and economics. As a result, his ideas are treated with the greatestrespect and interest.D Frederick HerzbergAlthough relatively few contemporary management students will have read hisbooks, Herzberg s nameis instantly recognisable to anyone who has studied industrial organisations. This is because the American psychologist was responsible forintroducing the concept of motivation into management thinking.As a young man, Herzberg became deeply interested in mental illness and the human need for mental and emotional satisfaction.This led him to criticise the approach of many companies to job design, and to argue for the need for job enrichment tostimulate employees efforts.E Tom PetersThe American s reputation was created in the I 980s by the spectacular successof one book, In Search of Excellence,co-written with Robert Waterman. The two were working together as management consultants and no-one expected their first(and only) book to end up selling 5 million copies worldwide!Although his ideas have been criticised, Peters popularity as a speaker andwriter has continued to grow. So much so that Peters has created his own businessto market books, videos and consultancy based on his work.PART TWOQuestions 9 - 14·Read this text from an article about health clubs.·Choose the best sentence from the opposite page to fill ineach of the gaps.·For each gap 9 - 14, mark one letter A - H on your Answer Sheet.·Do not use any letter more than once.·There is an example at the beginning (0).Travel stress brings boom to health clubsA rapid growth in business travel has provided a lucrative spin-offfor British health clubs as companies try to prevent hard-workingexecutives from suffering travel-related stress.Health clubs are fully booked throughout the coming months all around the country and many are planning to expand their facilities.0 H According to Gillie Turner, group marketing manager for the Champneysgroup of health clubs, during the last recession executives lost manyof their extra benefits as companies cut back. . 9 She says that large companies also seem to have decided that it is no good sending someoneto a country like Spain as a reward for doing a good job, because theywill simply eat too much and flop onto a beach. . 10Champneys,the companyacknowledged as the market leader in this field, is now planning to introduce a special "Profiting from Stress" course,which will run over three days. . 11 Jonathon Stapleton, general managerof Champneys, says that modern corporate life being what it is, mostbusiness travellers find that they are having to do the work which - evena year ago - was done by two. 12To meet this new demand, other health clubs are also thinking ofintroducing similar schemes. Clare Brandish, the sales and marketingdirector of another health club, has noticed a marked change in theclientele at her club. . 13Businesses of all kinds are anxious to reduce absenteeism. . 14 Much of the problem is caused by long periods away from home, irregular hours, business entertaining and jet lag.According to the Guild of Business Travel Agents, sales ofbusiness-class airline tickets have risen by 12%in the past year,hotel bookings have gone up by 36%and car hire has risen by 24%. Dave Reynolds, the GBTA chief executive, says that the trouble is that the same numberof people are being asked to travel more often. He comments that it isnowonder they need to take a break in a health club.A It has been calculated that about 40million working days are losteach year in Britain because of stress, ten times as many as are lost 10industrial disputes.B This has involved a considerable rise in the number of businessbookings, whereas previously most clients came as private individuals.C Now they are being restored, as industry realises that the healthof its executives is vital.D But who will benefit most from these developments?E Because of the pressures this imposes, many companies have nowdecided that it is worthwhile paying for their senior executives to take a proper break and get advice on how to combat stress.F Executives taking part in it will be given massages and healthtreatments, workouts and a range of talks on how to deal with stress,especially when travelling.G So what s the reason for this now trend?PART THREEQuestions 15 - 20·Read the following article on recruiting and managing staffand the questions on the opposite page.·Each question has four suggested answers or ways of finishing the sentence, A, B, C and D.·Mark one letter A, B, C or D on your Answer Sheet, for the answeryou choose.As a manager in the service industry sector, I've looked at hundredsof CVsin my time.They are not necessarily the bland documents somebosses might think they are! They are full of little pointers towards individuals personalities and suitability for the job. The first thing I always look at is an applicant s employment record. I check for continuity andstability. If somebody has a long list of previous jobs, all of varyinglength, alarm bells start ringing. Rather than an irregular route fromjob to job, what I hope to see is stable career progression. What doestheir career path look like- is it all steps forward,or are there a lot of sideways moves? And I am always pleased to find a family person with children, because in my experience they tend to be responsible andreliable.I never rely on CVs alone. We get applicants to fill in one of ourown application forms.Weask why they've applied,what their aspirations and personal goals are, and also about their interests and hobbies andany clubs they belong to. That gives you a useful insight into theirpersonality and lifestyle. The application form also enables us to testhow much people have actually been progressing in their careers,because we ask for details of the salaries they have received for each job.It s always worth looking at CVs and designing application forms with great care. Taking on employees might be rewarding, but it is also a big investment for any business.Mistakes in choosing staff can cost companies dear, so it makes sense to spend time ensuring you get the right person.In the service sector, one of the aims of companies is to maintainand improve customer service, and this is achieved partly through lowstaff turnover. You need to take on people who understand that, and will want to stay. That s why, when you've taken staff on, the next thing isgetting the best out of them.My management style comes from the days when I took over my first business, an ailing road haulage firm which I was certain I could turninto a profitable company. The first thing is to treat others as you dlike to be treated yourself.As soon as I took over the business,I talked to everybody individually, and looked for ways to make sure theirparticular skills benefited the company.I didn't have much experience then of managing people,but above all I always tried to be fair and honest with everyone. As a result, I thinkthe staff knew that and accepted my decisions, even if they didn't agreewith them all. Also, bosses must be able to communicate. You also needto create team spirit,and build on the strength of the team. I explained my plans for the company to all the staff, and let them all know what Ineeded from them. The lorry drivers responded brilliantly, and were thekey to turning the business round. They understood that we had to develop a professional reputation, and from then on the days of poor qualitydeliveries were over.Lastly, I am a great believer in profit-sharing. It takes a team tomake a company work, so profits should be shared by all. Job satisfactionis important, but it doesn't pay the rent. Shared profit and bonuses help to strengthen team spirit by giving everyone a commongoal that they work towards together.15 What fact does the writer hope to learn from applicants CVs?A that they have experience of many different jobsB that their careers have developed steadilyC the opinion their employers had of themD whether they are married or single16 The writer says the application form is useful because itA reveals something of the applicant s character.B gives information about the applicant s family.C explains what skills the applicant has for the job.D shows how much the applicant wants to earn.17 According to the writer, why are CVs and application forms soimportant?A Interviewing people is an expensive process.B They indicate whether applicants really want the job.C They indicate whether applicants are efficient or not.D Employing the wrong people can be disastrous.18 One reason why the writer was successful in her first business was thatA she was used to dealing with people.B she was open with the staff.C the business was already doing well when she started.D the staff agreed with all her decisions.19 The writer believes profit-sharing is a good ideabecause A it encourages a competitive spirit.B everyone earns the same salary.C everyone shares the same aim.D it creates job satisfaction.20 Which would make the best title for this text?A Profit-sharing as motivationB How I turned a business roundC People - the key to business successD The importance of a well-presented CVPART FOURQuestions 21 - 30·Read the a rticle below about a method of learning languages forbusiness people.·Choose the best word from the opposite page to fill each gap.· For each question21 - 30 mark one letter A, B, C or D on your Answer Sheet.· There is an example at the beginni ng (0).Language learning for the busy executiveIf you've ever been told by your boss to improve your knowledge ofa foreign language you'll know that⋯⋯ (0) ⋯⋯ doesn't come quickly.It generally takes years to learn another language well andconstant ⋯⋯ (21) ⋯⋯ to maintain the high standards required forfrequent business use. Whether you study in a class,with audiocassettes, computers or on your⋯⋯ (22) ⋯⋯ sooner or⋯⋯ (23) ⋯⋯ every language course finishes and you must decide what to do next if you need a foreign language for your career.Business Audio Magazines is a new product designed to help youcontinue language study in a way that fits easily into your busy schedule. Each audiocassette⋯⋯ (24) ⋯⋯ of an hour-long programme packed with business news, features and interviews in the language of your choice.These cassettes won t teach you how to order meals or ask for directions. It is ⋯⋯ (25) ⋯⋯ that you can do that already. Instead, by giving youan opportunity to hear the language as it s really spoken, they help youto ⋯⋯ (26) ⋯⋯ your vocabulary and improve your ability to use reallanguage relating to, for example, that all-important marketing trip.The great advantage of using audio magazines is that they ⋯⋯ (27) ⋯⋯you to perfect your language skills in ways that suit your lifestyle.For example,you can select a topic and listen in your car or hotel when away on business. No other business course is as⋯⋯ (28) ⋯⋯ And the unique radio-magazine format is as instructive as it is entertaining.In addition to the audiocassette,this package includes a transcript with a business glossary and a study⋯⋯ (29) ⋯⋯ The components are structured so that intermediate and advanced students may use them separately ortogether ⋯⋯ (30) ⋯⋯ on their ability.Example: A B C D20A gain B result C success D outcome21A exercise B performance C practice D operation22A self B individual C personal D own23A after B then C later D quicker24A consists B includes C contains D involves25A insisted B acquired C asserted D assumed26A prolong B extend C spread D lift27A allow B let C support D offer28 A adjustable B flexible C convertible D variable29 A addition B supplement C extra D manuscript30 A according B depending C relating Dbasing Questions 31 - 40·Read the article below about meetings.· For each question31 - 40 write one word in CAPITALLETTERSon your Answer Sheet.How to make more of meetingsYou should know what ends you want to achieve in a meeting before itstarts and prepare for it(0) ⋯⋯ reading any papers circulated beforehand, and carefully thinking about (31)⋯⋯ you want to say. This may sound rather boring, but solid preparation is the key to successful meetings:A great (32) ⋯⋯ of time and energy can be wasted through simple lack of planning.The most important issues are not always given the most time in thegeneral running of meetings.People are often unwilling(33) ⋯⋯ discuss important budgetary matters because they do not fully understand them,but (34)⋯⋯ becomes an expert when it comes to discussing the colour of the new curtains,or what type of coffee to buy The discussion of (35) ⋯⋯trivial matters as these,therefore,should be saved until the end of the meeting.During the meeting it is essential to stick to the agenda so (36) ⋯⋯ to avoid the common problem of repetition. At the same time you (37)⋯⋯ to be sensitive to other people s ideas and feelings, and never lose yourtemper. Be prepared to accept (38)⋯⋯ implement a suggestion that is contrary to (39)⋯⋯ own ideas if it is an improvement on them; such honesty and flexibility are signs of good leadership and earn respect.Finally,remember that when a decision is madeit is important to act (40) ⋯⋯ it and to honour all the commitments you have madein the meeting.PART SIXQuestions 41 - 50· In most lines of the following text, there is one unnecessary word. It is either grammatically incorrect or does not fit in with the senseof the text.· For each numbered line 41 - 50, find the unnecessary word and then write the word in CAPITAL LETTERS on your Answer Sheet. Some linesare correct. If a line is correct, write CORRECT on your Answer Sheet. The exercise begins with two examples (0) and (00).Customer care0 Apart from ensuring that an efficient electricity supply for our00 customers, NatElectric provides an invaluable service inother areas41 as well. While our Customer Helpline (charged at local rates) isthe42 first point of contact with when you want to make an enquiry and43 we receive a huge number of calls from customers - on44 average, there are 50 000 calls a one week. Available 24 hours45 a day, seven days a week, 365 days a year, our Helpline on advisors46 aim at to answer 95 per cent of all calls within 15 seconds. There47 are more than 200 advisors, working in around the clock to48 provide for this service, backed by a further 80 support staff49 who do handle any necessary paperwork. Although our target50 is to reply to letters within 10 working days, NatElectricregularly responds withinthree to four days, and we are especially proud of thestandards achieved by ourcustomer relations team.。

Chapter One去钓鱼市场上的熟练工人很快将不能满足需求，各地的公司都需要加强自己的实力来吸引熟练职工。

1在20世纪80年代，雇主从来没来没有这么好。

过长的失业队伍使商人和不满劳工组织的政客可以轻而易得的把他们的意愿强加在70年代使他们常常难堪的劳工组织身上。

1981年罗那德.里根接受了美国航空(巨头们)的挑战并获得了胜利。

1985年，玛格丽特.撒切尔痛击了英国的矿主们。

同年美国控股者——卡儿.伊卡恩先生在没有遇到工人们反对的情况下拆分了环球航空公司——TWA。

2到了90年代，情况发生了变化。

在大多数经济合作与发展组织的大国中，总劳动力将持续增长，但年轻熟练的劳动者将会短缺。

70年代众多劳动力的情景看起来不可能重现。

年轻劳动力的短缺问题意味着美国、日本，乃至欧洲的公司将不得不寻找一个新的方法去吸引、激励、奖励和挽留雇工。

3“人口统计学的定时炸弹”也许被很好地隐藏起来了！如果发生90年代初经济的轻微衰退的话，首先会带来失业人数的剧增，但是除非世界经济持续恶化，否则劳动力短缺的问题在20世纪90年代将必然加剧。

考虑如下：4与70年代美国人口增长22.2million(2.6%)以及80年代增长了18.3million(1.6%)相比，90年代美国人口仅增长了15.9million(1.2%)。

16岁至24岁的人口数量将有一个绝对的下降，而超过了35岁的人口比例将会由原来的39%增长到49%。

5假设欧盟的12各成员国不再增加，欧共体的人口将会维持在大约325million。

然而年轻人将会更少，65岁以上的人将会更多。

除爱尔兰以外，所有的欧共体国家都将缺少年轻的劳动力。

在世纪之交之时，英、法劳动力中25岁以下的劳动力将以每年2%的速度下降，西德的速度将为每年3.6%。

来自东德的移民会对此起到一点帮助，但作用不大：东德仍将面临年轻劳动力短缺的问题。

6 20世纪90年代日本人口将缓慢增长，但是领取养老金的人口比例将从11%增长到15%。

《新编商务英语阅读教程》（第二版）练习参考答案Unit OneI.1. 资产C2. 边际变动E3. 市场势力I4. 劳动生产力（率）J5. 经济学A6. 市场失灵G7. 市场经济F8. 机会成本D9. 通货膨胀K10. 外部性H11. 效率B12. 菲利普斯曲线LII.Passage One经济学的研究主要分为两部分：宏观经济学与微观经济学。

宏观经济学着眼于经济全局——一幅宏观的画面。

在宏观经济学中，我们研究国家的政策目标，例如充分就业、抑制通货膨胀、经济增长等，而不考虑个人或者单个团体的利益和行为。

对宏观经济学的关注是为了从总体上认识并改善经济的运行。

微观经济学则关注宏观画面中的细节。

在微观经济学中，我们着眼于实际构成宏观经济的个人、厂商和政府机构。

我们感兴趣的是这些独立经济单位的行为。

他们的目标何在？以有限资源实现目标的途径是什么？如何对各种激励和机会做出反应？宏观经济学主要关注，例如，总消费性支出对总产出、就业及物价的影响。

很少关注消费性支出及其决定因素的实际内涵。

相反，微观经济学关注的是个体消费者具体的支出决策及其影响因素（爱好、物价水平、收入状况）。

宏、微观经济学的区别还反映在关于企业投资的讨论中。

宏观经济学中，我们需要了解决定企业总投资率的因素以及这些投资对一国的总产出、就业及物价水平产生影响的路径。

而微观经济学中，我们关注的是各家企业关于生产率、生产要素的抉择以及具体物品的定价决策。

了解宏、微观经济学的区别并非难事。

在现实社会，宏观经济的表现有赖于微观行为，而微观行为又受宏观经济表现的影响。

因此，人们只有了解了所有经济活动的参与者的行为方式及其成因，才能充分了解整个经济的运作方式。

但是，就如你会开车而不懂发动机的构造原理那样，你能观察到经济运行方式但并不能完全解开其中奥秘。

在宏观经济学中我们注意到经济这部汽车在踩油门时加速，踩刹车时减速。

这就是我们在大多数情形下所需了解的一切。

然而，汽车总有出故障的时候。

PART ONEQuestions 1 - 8· Look at the sentences below and at five passages taken from a book about famous management thinkers on the opposite page.· Which passage does each sentence refer to?· For each sentence 1 - 8, mark one letter A1 B, C, D or E on your Answer Sheet.· You will need to use some of these letters more than once.Example:He has developed his own company to promote his work.0 A B C D E1 Others in his field think very highly of him.2 His ideas have spread beyond the business world.3 He felt that people should be able to enjoy their work.4 His ideas are more complex than they seem.5 He did a variety of interesting things before writing his books.6 His most successful book was written with a colleague.7 He is particularly skilled at forecasting important developments.8 Contact with the military was an early influence on his thinking.A John AdairAdair is the pioneering British thinker in the theory of leadership. He was the first person in the UK to hold a professorship in Business Leadership and has published a series of influential books on the subject.Despite his quiet appearance, Adair has had a colourful life, serving in a Bedouin regiment and working on an Arctic fishing boat! His initial interest in leadership came from his army experience and he used to lecture at the highly prestigious academy where British army offices are trained. He now works as an international consultant.B Edward de BonoDe Bono is unusual among major gurus for two reasons: firstly, he was born not in one of the great industrial nations but on the tiny island of Malta. Secondly, his ideas have reached a wider audience than just managers, so that his books have become essential rending in many different disciplines.Most of de Bono s work has been concerned with the way human beings can train themselves to think more creatively. This apparently simple idea has resulted in37 books and a highly successful career as a lecturer and consultant.C Peter DruckerProbably no other single thinker has done as much as Drucker to establish management as a serious area of study. Certainly, his fellow management thinkers consider him one of the founding fathers of the discipline, and his books and articles are quoted more than those of any other management writer.His first book was published as far back as 1939, yet he is still writing and teaching. His greatest distinction has been his ability to predict coming trendsin business and economics. As a result, his ideas are treated with the greatest respect and interest.D Frederick HerzbergAlthough relatively few contemporary management students will have read his books, Herzberg s name is instantly recognisable to anyone who has studied industrial organisations. This is because the American psychologist was responsible for introducing the concept of motivation into management thinking.As a young man, Herzberg became deeply interested in mental illness and the human need for mental and emotional satisfaction. This led him to criticise the approach of many companies to job design, and to argue for the need for job enrichment to stimulate employees efforts.E Tom PetersThe American s reputation was created in the I 980s by the spectacular success of one book, In Search of Excellence, co-written with Robert Waterman. The two were working together as management consultants and no-one expected their first (and only) book to end up selling 5 million copies worldwide!Although his ideas have been criticised, Peters popularity as a speaker and writer has continued to grow. So much so that Peters has created his own business to market books, videos and consultancy based on his work.PART TWOQuestions 9 - 14· Read this t ext from an article about health clubs.· Choose the best sentence from the opposite page to fill in each of the gaps.· For each gap 9 - 14, mark one letter A - H on your Answer Sheet.· Do not use any letter more than once.· There is an exam ple at the beginning (0).Travel stress brings boom to health clubsA rapid growth in business travel has provided a lucrative spin-off for British health clubs as companies try to prevent hard-working executives from suffering travel-related stress.Health clubs are fully booked throughout the coming months all around the country and many are planning to expand their facilities.0 H According to Gillie Turner, group marketing manager for the Champneys group of health clubs, during the last recession executives lost many of their extra benefits as companies cut back. . 9 She says that large companies also seem to have decided that it is no good sending someone to a country like Spain as a reward for doing a good job, because they will simply eat too much and flop onto a beach. . 10Champneys, the company acknowledged as the market leader in this field, is now planning to introduce a special "Profiting from Stress" course, which will run over three days. . 11 Jonathon Stapleton, general managerof Champneys, says that modern corporate life being what it is, most business travellers find that they are having to do the work which - even a year ago - was done by two. 12To meet this new demand, other health clubs are also thinking of introducing similar schemes. Clare Brandish, the sales and marketing director of another health club, has noticed a marked change in the clientele at her club. . 13Businesses of all kinds are anxious to reduce absenteeism. . 14 Much of the problem is caused by long periods away from home, irregular hours, business entertaining and jet lag.According to the Guild of Business Travel Agents, sales of business-class airline tickets have risen by 12% in the past year, hotel bookings have gone up by 36% and car hire has risen by 24%. Dave Reynolds, the GBTA chief executive, says that the trouble is that the same number of people are being asked to travel more often. He comments that it is nowonder they need to take a break in a health club.A It has been calculated that about 40 million working days are lost each year in Britain because of stress, ten times as many as are lost 10 industrial disputes.B This has involved a considerable rise in the number of business bookings, whereas previously most clients came as private individuals.C Now they are being restored, as industry realises that the health of its executives is vital.D But who will benefit most from these developments?E Because of the pressures this imposes, many companies have now decided that it is worthwhile paying for their senior executives to take a proper break and get advice on how to combat stress.F Executives taking part in it will be given massages and health treatments, workouts and a range of talks on how to deal with stress, especially when travelling.G So what s the reason for this now trend?PART THREEQuestions 15 - 20· Read the following article on recruiting and managing staff and the questions on the opposite page.· Each question has four suggested an swers or ways of finishing the sentence, A, B, C and D.· Mark one letter A, B, C or D on your Answer Sheet, for the answer you choose.As a manager in the service industry sector, I've looked at hundredsof CVs in my time. They are not necessarily the bland documents some bosses might think they are! They are full of little pointers towards individuals personalities and suitability for the job. The first thing I always look at is an applicant s employment record. I check for continuity and stability. If somebody has a long list of previous jobs, all of varying length, alarm bells start ringing. Rather than an irregular route from job to job, what I hope to see is stable career progression. What does their career path look like - is it all steps forward, or are there a lot of sideways moves? And I am always pleased to find a family person with children, because in my experience they tend to be responsible and reliable.I never rely on CVs alone. We get applicants to fill in one of our own application forms. We ask why they've applied, what their aspirations and personal goals are, and also about their interests and hobbies and any clubs they belong to. That gives you a useful insight into their personality and lifestyle. The application form also enables us to test how much people have actually been progressing in their careers, because we ask for details of the salaries they have received for each job.It s always worth looking at CVs and designing application forms with great care. Taking on employees might be rewarding, but it is also a big investment for any business. Mistakes in choosing staff can cost companies dear, so it makes sense to spend time ensuring you get the right person.In the service sector, one of the aims of companies is to maintain and improve customer service, and this is achieved partly through low staff turnover. You need to take on people who understand that, and will want to stay. That s why, when you've taken staff on, the next thing is getting the best out of them.My management style comes from the days when I took over my first business, an ailing road haulage firm which I was certain I could turn into a profitable company. The first thing is to treat others as you d like to be treated yourself. As soon as I took over the business, I talked to everybody individually, and looked for ways to make sure their particular skills benefited the company.I didn't have much experience then of managing people, but above all I always tried to be fair and honest with everyone. As a result, I think the staff knew that and accepted my decisions, even if they didn't agree with them all. Also, bosses must be able to communicate. You also need to create team spirit, and build on the strength of the team. I explained my plans for the company to all the staff, and let them all know what I needed from them. The lorry drivers responded brilliantly, and were thekey to turning the business round. They understood that we had to develop a professional reputation, and from then on the days of poor quality deliveries were over.Lastly, I am a great believer in profit-sharing. It takes a team to make a company work, so profits should be shared by all. Job satisfaction is important, but it doesn't pay the rent. Shared profit and bonuses help to strengthen team spirit by giving everyone a common goal that they work towards together.15 What fact does the writer hope to learn from applicants CVs?A that they have experience of many different jobsB that their careers have developed steadilyC the opinion their employers had of themD whether they are married or single16 The writer says the application form is useful because itA reveals something of the applicant s character.B gives information about the applicant s family.C explains what skills the applicant has for the job.D shows how much the applicant wants to earn.17 According to the writer, why are CVs and application forms so important?A Interviewing people is an expensive process.B They indicate whether applicants really want the job.C They indicate whether applicants are efficient or not.D Employing the wrong people can be disastrous.18 One reason why the writer was successful in her first business was thatA she was used to dealing with people.B she was open with the staff.C the business was already doing well when she started.D the staff agreed with all her decisions.19 The writer believes profit-sharing is a good idea becauseA it encourages a competitive spirit.B everyone earns the same salary.C everyone shares the same aim.D it creates job satisfaction.20 Which would make the best title for this text?A Profit-sharing as motivationB How I turned a business roundC People - the key to business successD The importance of a well-presented CVPART FOURQuestions 21 - 30· Read the article below about a method of learning languages for business people.· Choose the best word from the opposite page to fill each gap.· For each question 21 - 30 mark one letter A, B, C or D on your Answer Sheet.· There is an example at the beginning (0).Language learning for the busy executiveIf you've ever been told by your boss to improve your knowledge of a foreign language you'll know that ……(0)…… doesn't come quickly. It generally takes years to learn another language well andconstant ……(21)…… to maintain the high standards required for frequent business use. Whether you study in a class, with audiocassettes, computers or on your ……(22)…… sooner or ……(23)…… every language course finishes and you must decide what to do next if you need a foreign language for your career.Business Audio Magazines is a new product designed to help you continue language study in a way that fits easily into your busy schedule. Each audiocassette ……(24)…… of an hour-long programme packed with business news, features and interviews in the language of your choice. These cassettes won t teach you how to order meals or ask for directions. It is ……(25)…… that you can do that already. Instead, by giving you an opportunity to hear the language as it s really spoken, they help you to ……(26)…… your vocabulary and improve your ability to use real language relating to, for example, that all-important marketing trip.The great advantage of using audio magazines is that they ……(27)…… you to perfect your language skills in ways that suit your lifestyle. For example, you can select a topic and listen in your car or hotel when away on busines s. No other business course is as ……(28)…… And the unique radio-magazine format is as instructive as it is entertaining. In addition to the audiocassette, this package includes a transcript with a business glossary and a study ……(29)…… The components are s tructured so that intermediate and advanced students may use them separately or together ……(30)…… on their ability.Example: A B C D20 A gain B result C success D outcome21 A exercise B performance C practice D operation22 A self B individual C personal D own23 A after B then C later D quicker24 A consists B includes C contains D involves25 A insisted B acquired C asserted D assumed26 A prolong B extend C spread D lift27 A allow B let C support D offer28 A adjustable B flexible C convertible D variable29 A addition B supplement C extra D manuscript30 A according B depending C relating D basingQuestions 31 - 40· Read the article below about meetings.· For each question 31 - 40 write one word in CAPITAL LETTERS on your Answer Sheet.How to make more of meetingsYou should know what ends you want to achieve in a meeting before it starts and prepare for it (0)……reading any papers circulated beforehand, and carefully thinking about (31)…… you want to s ay. This may sound rather boring, but solid preparation is the key to successful meetings: A great (32)……of time and energy can be wasted through simple lack of planning.The most important issues are not always given the most time in the general runnin g of meetings. People are often unwilling (33)…… discuss important budgetary matters because they do not fully understand them, but (34)…… becomes an expert when it comes to discussing the colour of the new curtains, or what type of coffee to buy The discu ssion of (35)…… trivial matters as these, therefore, should be saved until the end of the meeting.During the meeting it is essential to stick to the agenda so (36)……to avoid the common problem of repetition. At the same time you (37)…… to be sensitive to other people s ideas and feelings, and never lose your temper. Be prepared to accept (38)…… implement a suggestion that is contrary to (39)…… own ideas if it is an improvement on them; such honesty and flexibility are signs of good leadership and earn respect.Finally, remember that when a decision is made it is important to act (40)…… it and to honour all the commitments you have made in the meeting.PART SIXQuestions 41 - 50· In most lines of the following text, there is one unnecessary word. It is either grammatically incorrect or does not fit in with the sense of the text.· For each numbered line 41 - 50, find the unnecessary word and then write the word in CAPITAL LETTERS on your Answer Sheet. Some lines are correct. If a line is correct, write CORRECT on your Answer Sheet. The exercise begins with two examples (0) and (00).Customer care0 Apart from ensuring that an efficient electricity supply for our00 customers, NatElectric provides an invaluable service in other areas41 as well. While our Customer Helpline (charged at local rates) is the42 first point of contact with when you want to make an enquiry and43 we receive a huge number of calls from customers - on44 average, there are 50 000 calls a one week. Available 24 hours45 a day, seven days a week, 365 days a year, our Helpline on advisors46 aim at to answer 95 per cent of all calls within 15 seconds. There47 are more than 200 advisors, working in around the clock to48 provide for this service, backed by a further 80 support staff49 who do handle any necessary paperwork. Although our target50 is to reply to letters within 10 working days, NatElectric regularly responds withinthree to four days, and we are especially proud of the standards achieved by ourcustomer relations team.BEC Higher AnswersReading1C 2B 3D 4B 5A 6E 7C 8A 9D 10B 11G 12F 13C 14A 15B 16A 17D 18B 19C 20C 21C 22D 23C 24A 25D 26B 27A 28B 29B 30B 31what 32deal 33to 34everyone 35such 36as 37ought 38and 39your 40upon 41while 42with 43correct 44one 45 on 46at 47in 48for 49do 50correctListening。