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牛津英语模块七Unit2 Grammar教案Step 1: General introductionThe grammar item in this unit focuses on phrasal verbs. You will learn that a phrasal verb is made up of a verb plus an adverb or a preposition. You will also learn some rules to use phrasal verbs. You are expected to apply what you have learnt to practical use by finishing a conversation and a word game.Step 2: Explanation:1. Look at the following sentences. Compare them and tell the part of speech of each underlined word.He looked around and saw nothing.She is looking after the old lady carefully.In the two sentences, around is an adverb while after is a preposition.She was so ill that it seemed unlikely that she would pull through.He has gone through a difficult time recently.Here the first through is an adverb while the second through is a preposition. So we know an adverb or a preposition is used to make up a phrasal verb.2. Read the instructions and examples on the top of page 24. Point out the phrasal verb in each sentence. You will be divided into groups of four and find as many phrasal verbs in the reading passage as possible. Read the sentences you have found and make sure you know how these phrasal verbs are used.1) This article will focus on….2) If you open up any medicine…3) … d rinking a tea made from…4) … other things that aspirin can help with.5) …a study carried out in the USA.6) Fleming tried this mould out…7) Fleming did not give up.8) Many people would have died from….9) … before someone else turned penicillin into…3. Read Part 1 on page 24. You should know that the adverb can go before or after theobject in a phrasal verb. For example:Please look the word up in the dictionary.Please look up the word in the dictionary.They put on their safely helmets before starting to work.They put their safety helmets on before starting to work.4. Read Part 2, Part 3 and the example sentences. You should know a phrasal verb does not always have an object. The object always comes after the preposition in a phrasal verb with a preposition. Compare the following sentences.The special train pulled in at 9 a. m.Prices of vegetables have gone up recently.I called you several times last night, but I couldn’t get through.If you act like this, you will get into trouble.The policemen are looking into a case.The rubbish gave off a terrible smell.5. Look at Part 4. Sometimes we can add a preposition after the adverb in a phrasal verb. For example:I can’t put up with him any longer.I am looking forward to hearing from her.She often looks back upon her bitter life in the old society.6. Look at Part 6. Try to understand the meaning of the phrasal verb ‘make out’. Many phrasal verbs have more than one meaning. Do you know the meanings of the phrasal verbs in the following sentences?1) His accent gives him away as a southerner.2) He gave away most of his money to charity.3) They gave away their last chance of winning the match.4) The mayor gave away the prizes at the school sports day.5) She took me in completely with her story.6) He was homeless, so we took him in.7) Fish take in oxygen through their gills.8) I hope you’re taking in what I’m saying.9) S he pays the bills by taking in washing.Step 3: Practice:1. Do Part A in pairs.2. Finish Part B on page 25.Step 4: Consolidation:I. Multiple choice:1. The world is ______ seven continents and four oceansA. made up ofB. made out ofC. made fromD. made in2. I really don't want to go to the party, but I don't see how I can ______it.A. get back fromB. get out ofC. get awayD. get off3. You'd better ___________ some money for special use.A．pick up B．set aside C．put off D．give away4. Can you make a sentence to _____the meaning of the phrase?A show offB turn outC bring outD take in5. You can take anything from the shelf and read, but please _______the books when you' ve finished with them.A. put onB. put downC. put backD. put off6. The final examination is coming up soon. It’s time for us to our studies. A．get down to B．get out C．get back for D．get over7. It’s ten years since the scientist _______on his life's work of discovering the valuable chemical.A. made forB. set outC. took offD. turned up8. The forest guards often find campfires that have not been ______ completely.A. turned downB. put outC. put awayD. turned over9. He accidentally _____he had quarreled with his wife and that he hadn't been home for acouple of weeks.A. let outB. took careC. made sureD. made out10. --- ______ for the glass!--- It's OK. I'm wearing shoes.A. Look outB. Walk outC. Go outD. Set out11. Unfortunately, not everyone has realized the important part the balance of nature_____ their daily life.A. plays inB. playingC. plays ofD. to play in12. The students studied hard. They were _____ for knowledge.A. worryB. worriedC. eagerD. curious13. She devoted herself _____ the problems of the teenagers.A. in studyingB. at studyingC. to studyD. to studyingII. Translation:1. 当他年纪大了，他一定会把他的生意移交给他儿子的。
Unit 2 Fit for lifeⅠ.Teaching Objectives:1. Have students discuss their experiences of medical treatments and the jobs related to medicine and help improve their communication skills and oral English.2. Get students to read an article in a science magazine about two medicines which have changed people’s lives.3. Get the students to gain an overall understanding of the reading materials and master some key words, expressions and structures.4. Enable students to learn words related to hospital and medicine.5. Let students learn about linking verbs and apply the grammatical knowledge to practice.6. Ask students to learn how to listen for a present situation, how to interview someone and how to write a radio script.7. Help students do research on Chinese medicine and write a report on Chinese medicine.8. Enable students to write a script for a radio programme.9. Enhance students’ integrated skills by doing a variety of activities.10. Get students to gain some knowledge about the invention of aspirin and penicillin, and know more about medicine and life.Ⅱ.Key and Difficult Points:1. Provide students with the opportunity to talk about medicine and life.2. Get the students to read the reading materials and gain an overall understanding of it.3. Enable students to learn some important words, phrases and sentence patterns.operating theatre, heart attack, blood sugar, try out, mass production, wear somebody out, pressure point, let out, swell up, stainless steel, be addicted to, relate to, subscribe toSentence structures:(1) If you open up any medicine cupboard or go to medicine counter in the world, it is likely that you will find aspirin and penicillin.(2) However, it was not until World War II that two other scientists managed to use new chemical techniques to purify it.(3) It was over a decade before someone else turned penicillin into the great drug of the 20th century.(4) Not only has aspirin proved vital for reducing fever and helping stop pain, but there are also other things that aspirin can help with.4. Help students learn what verbs can be used as linking verbs and how to apply them to practical use.5. Practice the students’ listening, speaking, reading and writing skills by learning the Task section.6. Help students apply what they have learnt to practice by writing a report on Chinese medicine.Ⅲ. Teaching Methods:1. Group work and individual work2. Explanation and practice3. Question-and-answer activity4. Brainstorming5. Listening, speaking, reading and writingⅣ. Teaching Aids:1. A loudspeaker2. A multimedia computer3. A blackboardⅤ. Teaching Periods:Periods 1-2 Reading comprehensionPeriods 3-4 Language pointsPeriods 5-6 Language practicePeriods 7-8 Word powerPeriods 9-10 Grammar and UsagePeriods 11-12 Grammar PracticePeriods 13-14 TaskPeriods 15-16 ProjectPeriods 17-18 Revision & ExercisesPeriods 1-2 Reading comprehensionⅠ.Teaching Objectives:1. Have students discuss their experiences of medical treatments.2. Get students to read an article in a science magazine about two medicines which have changed people’s lives.3. Have students reinforce their abilities of reading and speaking.4. Enable students to gain some knowledge about medicine and life.Ⅱ. Key and Difficult Points:1. Gain a good understanding of the text through different reading activities.2. Learn how to understand medical terms and learn effective ways to read medical articles.3. Improve students’ thinking ability through discussion and their reading ability. Ⅲ. Teaching Methods:1. Group work and individual work2. Speaking3. Fast-reading and detailed-readingⅣ. Teaching Aids:1. A multimedia computer2. A blackboardⅤ. Teaching Procedures:Step 1 Lead-in1. Fill in the blanks:A good ______________ tastes bitter.Laugh is the best ________________ in the worldThere is no ________________ against death.2. Questions✧What medicines have you ever taken? And what do you know about them?✧How much do you know about the two medicines?✧Who invented the two medicines?✧What illnesses can the two medicines be used to treat?Step 2 First readingAsk students to go through the text quickly and try to find the answers to the following questions:✧When was aspirin first sold as a tablet? (In 1900.)✧What did Fleming, Florey and Chain share?(The Nobel Prize.)Step 3 ListeningListen to the article and try to answer the questions in C1 on page 20. Then checktheir answers.Answers:1. About 2500 years ago.2. In 1897.3. It can also help reduce the risk of heart attacks by thinning blood, prevent a stroke, reduce the risk of colon cancer, increase the length of people’s lives and help with diabetes.4. In the mould that killed bacteria.5. It can be used to treat bacterial illnesses and other illnesses including pneumonia.6. Because Fleming discovered penicillin and the others turned it into the great drug which saved millions of lives.Step 4 Second readingGet students to read the text carefully and try to find the following information:✧Development of aspirin:✧Development of Penicillin:Sold in shopsas a tablet 19001928Discovered by Alexander Fleming WorldWar IIFound newchemicaltechniques topurify itAll the scientistsshared the NobelPrize1945As the best-selling painkillerrecorded in theGuinness Book195019711977200319001928WorldWar II19451950197119772003 Proved to be ablood-thinningmedicineUsed to preventa strokeUsed to reduceblood sugar levels✧Effects of aspirin:✓Reduce fever✓Help stop body pains✓Reduce the risk of heart attacks✓Prevent a stroke✓Reduce the risk of colon cancer✓Increase the length of people’s lives✓Help with diabetes✧Effects of penicillin:✓Help in treating wounds and infections✓Treat other illnesses including pneumoniaStep 5 DiscussionDivide the whole class into groups of six and ask students to discuss the following question:Do you believe that ―wonder drugs‖ will be invented to treat diseases like AIDS in the future?Step 6 Reading strategyHow can we understand medical terms?Words coming from the same stem:medicine, medical, medicinal;pure, purify;chemical, chemist;bacterium, bacterialWords that are compound words:painkillerblood-thinningheart attackacetylsalicylicWords with irregular plural forms:bacteriabacteriumStep 7 ConsolidationPlay the recording of the text again and ask students to read after it, paying special attention to the pronunciation and sense groups.Step 8 HomeworkReview the whole article and underline the phrases and words you don’t know.[Explanation]本节课8个步骤5个层次安排：step 1 热身，引入话题；steps 2-4，通过快读和细节阅读以及听力训练了解文章大意；Step 5问题讨论，拓展性训练, 培养学生思辨能力；Step 6介绍阅读策略，培养学生阅读和认知策略；Step7 通过听录音及朗读课文来克服读音等障碍，同时加深对课文的理解；Step8作业。
牛津英语模块七Unit2 Project解析Project1. art: n. [U/C] 艺术，艺术品，技术，美术Children’s ～儿童艺术the fine ～s 美术a work of ～美术品an ～school 艺术专科学校The story is developed with great ～.那故事非常技巧地展开。
History and literature are among the ～s. 历史和文学都属于人文科学。
Teaching is an ～. 教学是一门艺术。
artist: 艺术家artistic: adj. 艺术的，有美感的，风雅的artificial: adj. 人工的，矫揉造作的～rain 人工降雨an ～smile 不自然的笑2. sharp: adj. / adv. 锋利的，陡峭的，敏锐的，轮廓鲜明的，（感觉，味道等）强烈的，整（指时刻）You must be very careful with his ～knife. 你用这把锋利的刀必须很小心。
She studies the young man with her ～bright eyes. 她以其明亮锐利的眼睛端详这年轻的男士。
That photograph is not ～enough. 那张照片不够清晰。
This cheese has a ～flavor. 这种奶酪的味道很刺激。
The lecture started at three o’clock ～. 讲座于3点整开始。
短语系列：～eyes 敏锐的目光～wind刺骨的风a ～turn 急转弯10 o’clock ～10 点整at 6 a.m. ～上午6点整试题回顾：1. 去年物价急剧上升。
______________________________________2. 别那样苛刻孩子们。
________________________________________3. 那个孩子物理非常优秀。
牛津译林版高中英语选修七Module7Unit2Exercisefornewwords2高中英语学习资料madeofjingetiejiModule 7 Unit 2Exercise for new words 2I Spelling.1.Mr. Watson's a____________ income is US$20,000.2.We have already made a_______________ for our vacation, and I will buy a camera totake some pictures.3.He goes in for reading and finds great p_____________ in it.4.She has poor e___________, so she can live without glasses.5.We need a s_______________ knife to cut it open.6.Tools of this kind are made from s__________ s____________.7.A fever as well as a headache is a s_____________ of illness.8.The doctor felt her p__________ , wrote a prescription( 方 ) and recommended h___________ remedies(治法 ).9.The couple gave a dinner party in celebration of their s__________ wedding anniversary.10.It is u___________ whether she will come. I have no idea.11.Mr zhang is trying to overcome his a_______________ to smoking.12.The fund is for r_____________ suffering among the flood victims.( 减，解 )13.After months of enquiry we finally discovered the truth.( ，，咨 )14.The car has ________________ seat-belts.(可的 )15.That was a truly _______________ moment.( 不行思的 )16.She studied the young man with her _________ bright eyes.( 敏的 )17.They ____________ an advertisement in the newspaper.( 插入；嵌入 )18.The teacher did not explain its grammatical _______________. （功能，作用）II Fill in the blanks using the given phrasal verbs.take down make out put up with decide on talk overput throug look into wash up look down upon put off1.She is still _______________________ in the kitchen.2.If she’s not in, can you ____________________ me __________________ to her secretary?3.I can’t_____________________ your rudeness any more; leave the room.4.The police have received the complaint and they ’re _____________________ it.5. Anything you say may_____________________and used as evidence against you.6.He wouldn ’tcome at first, but we _____________________ him _____________________.7.I _____________________ three figures moving in the distance.8.Has the list of candidates been _____________________ ?9.I _____________________him ________________ with a promise to pay him next week.10.He _____________________ the girls and refused to pay him next week.III. phrases.1.接通（） _____________________2.下，_____________________3.少量的，少许的 ____________________4. 区分红⋯ _____________________1 / 3牛津译林版高中英语选修七Module7Unit2Exercisefornewwords25.填写表格 _____________________6.架 _____________________7.出，到 _____________________8.推，推迟 _____________________9.⋯做出确立 _____________________10. 四看看，_____________________11.不 _____________________13.放出，出_____________14. 注射 ___________________ 15出 _______________IV ．任型(每空不超三个)。
高中英语学习材料（灿若寒星*制作整理）M7U2 基础知识归纳1：A chemist (药剂师/化学家) prepares and sells medicine.2：Acupuncture 针灸is the use of needles针to treat治愈people’s health problems.3：Surgeons外科医师perform operations 动手术in a special room called an operating theatre.手术中心4：This article will focus on two drugs that started revolutions in medicine. 引起医学革命5：If you open up any cupboard打开一个药柜or go to any medicine counter 柜台, it is likely that you will find aspirin and penicillin..6: These medicines have proved=turned out (to be)beneficial to mankind. 被证明对人类有益7：life-saving medicine 救命的8：People chewed on leaves 咀嚼叶子or drank a kind of tea made from（后置定语）leaves possessing a special chemical（含有特殊化学物质的树叶；后置定语）to reduce body pains and fever.9：The Greek physician 医师Hippocrates, father of （…之父；同位语）all doctors, made a juice from a tree bark containing salicylic acid f含有水杨酸的）or the same effect.10：The first trials实验of this medicine took place发生（无被动）in 1899, when the company Hoffmann worked for began distributing the medicine in powder form to physicians to use with patients.Distribute sth to sb 把…分发给in powder form 以粉末的形式Through trial and error 通过反复实验，不断摸索11：in the form of tablets以药片形式12：Within a short time, aspirin became the best-selling 最畅销的medicine in the world for pain relief.缓和，减轻13：Not only has aspirin proved vital for reducing fever and helping stop pain, but there are also other things that aspirin can help with.Not only 放句首+部分到，but (also) +正常语序vital 对….重要的14：Aspirin had the potential to reduce the risk of heart attacks, because it helped the blood circulate better.had the potential to reduce the risk of 有减少患心脏病的风险的潜能circulate 流通；循环circulation15: The report was ignored. Neglect; overlook 被忽视16：A study carried out（进行，执行；后置定语）in the USA showed that aspirin could prevent strokes 防止中风.17: increase the length of people’s lives 延长人类的寿命18：reduce blood suga r levels and help people with diabetes, 糖尿病19：Another drug that has helped increase the standard of people’s health is penicillin, which is considered by many to be one of the most important medicines in contemporary society.Consider sb/sth as 。
Unit2 Fit for life重要单词1.counter n. 柜台；计数器；反驳v.反驳，反对；抵制，抵消under the counter 暗地里，秘密地counter sb./sth. with sth. 反驳，驳斥he tried to counter my plan with his own, which turned out to be in vain.他试图用自己的计划与我的计划相抗衡，结果证明是徒劳的。
2. beneficial adj. 有益的，有用的benefit n. 好处，益处；救济金v.使收益；得益于be beneficial to = be of benefit to 对…有利benefit from/by 得益于for the benefit of … 为了…的利益unemployment benefit 失业救济金housing benefit 住房津贴I got much benefit from the book. 我从这本书中受益匪浅。
Jogging is beneficial to your health and you'll benefit a lot from it.3. chew v.咀嚼；咬，啃；深思，细想chew over 考虑chew on 咀嚼；斟酌，仔细考虑chewing gum 口香糖He chewed over the problem for several days before making his decision.He took my offer after chewing on it. 仔细考虑后他接受了我的提议。
4. possess vt. 拥有，具有；支配，控制(多用于被动语态)possession n. 拥有，具有possessions 财产，所有物in the possession of 某物被某人所拥有（物作主语）in possession of 某人拥有某物（人作主语）take possession of 拥有，占有（人作主语）in one’s possession 为…所拥有The country possesses rich mineral deposits. 这个国家拥有丰富矿藏。
牛津英语模块七Unit2 Welcome知识点解析模块七U n i t T w o F i t f o r L i f e L a n g u a g e P o i n t sWelcome to the unit1. fit: vt / vi. (使)适合于；装配；安装The key doesn’t ～the lock. 这钥匙不合这把锁。
adj. 适合的；恰当的；健康的；能胜任的拓展：fitness: n. 适当；恰当；健康fitting : n. 装置；设备；（多用复数）～(sb. / oneself) for 使…… 适应或胜任～in / with 使适合，相合，配合She ～ted her son with a rain coat. 她为儿子添了一件雨衣。
The car is ～ted with a new engine. 这辆车配有一台新发动机。
～on 安装，装置be ～for (to) 合适，符合辨析：fit: 1).指大小，形状合身，引申为吻合，协调。
～sb.～(well; badly; perfectly; beautifully)This coat ～s me. 这件上衣我穿合身。
The shoes ～me well. 这双鞋很适合我。
This dress ～s badly. 这件衣服很不适合我。
2).表“使……适合”的结构：～sb. for sth.～sb. to do sth.His abilities ～him for the position. 他的能力使他很适合担任这个职务。
Her experience ～s her to lead the research group.她的经验使她适合领导这个研究小组。
3).作形容词时，表适合的；恰当的；健康的；能胜任的，可作定语或表语。
结构为：be ～for sth.be ～to do sth.She is just ～for a job as a teacher.她正适合干教师这一行。
牛津英语模块七Unit2 Word Power知识点解析Word Power1. cure: vt. 治愈；治疗；整治be ～d 被治愈～sb. of 治愈某人……n. 医治；治疗；痊愈；补救方法辨析：treat / curetreat: 治疗，着重于过程，不涉及结果；cure: 治好，医好，纠正，消除（弊病）；练习：1. The government has to take action to ______ unemployment.A. cutB. cureC. treatD. lose2. Parents try to ～their children _______ bad habits.A. ofB. offC. onD. with2. be caused by over weight: 超重而引起的cause: vt. 引起，造成～sth. 引起/ 造成……～sth. to sb. 对……造成～sb. to do sth. 使……干……练习：1．The horrible noise from the man’s room simply _______ her to tremble.A. putB. causedC. driveD. turned2. I think you’d better tell me the _____ for tour being late again.A. reasonB. causeC. purposeD. desire3. leave behind 留下（不带走）、遗忘（没拿）Don’t leave me behind. 不要留下我。
leave 的相关短语：～alone 不管、撇下一个人～aside 搁置～about （东西）乱放～out 漏掉、删除～word 留言练习：1. I’ve ____my coat _____ in the bus, Do you think there is still possibility that I will get it back?A. forgotten; asideB. left; behindC. forgotten; behindD. left; aside2. They gave each computer a number, but they ______ No.13 as no one wanted to have it.A. left offB. left outC. left behindD. left alone。
牛津英语模块七Unit2 Grammar解析Grammar and usage1. enquiry: n. [C] (pl. enquiries) 询问；打听；调查further ～进一步调查make enquiries about 询问情况learn sth. by ～询问得知……2. ward: n. 保卫；牢房；病房；监护surgical ～外科病房vt. 守护；保卫；防止；挡住keep watch and ～over a person 日夜监视某人3. annual: adj. 一年一次的；每年的；一年生的n. 一年生植物；年刊；年鉴What is your ～income? 你的年收入是多少？an ～event 年度大事～ly: adv. 每年；每年一次4. arrangement: n. [U] 布置，准备（用作pl. 形式）We have finished all the ～s for the party. 我们已经完成了所有聚会的准备。
We made an ～to meet at the airport. 我们安排在机场见面。
arrange: v. 安排；排列；协商～a room / flowers / books 安排一个房间/ 摆放鲜花/ 摆放书本～(for) a taxi 安排一辆出租车～an appointment for sb. with sb. else 为某人安排与别人约会I’ve ～ed for him to meet me.我已经安排他和我见面。
练习：1. Have you made ________________ for you journey to Russian?2. Before going away, he ________________ his business affairs.5. receptionist: n. 招待员；传达员reception: n. [C][U] 接待；招待会；接收～desk （旅馆，饭店的）接待处～room 接待室；Jim had an enthusiastic ～when he returned home.吉姆回家时受到了热情的款待。
Teaching Aims:1. To train the students’ ability of listening and writing.2. To practice writing a report for a programme on short-sightedness.Teaching procedure:Step 1 Brainstorming1. Do you often watch English news on TV?2. How much can you understand?3. What problems do you have in listening to the news about current affairs or situations?Skills building 1: listening for current situationIf you are listening to a TV report about a current situation, you will need to listen for the following:1. The current situation (This may be a problem)2. An explanation of the situation (this may include facts and figures to support the explanation, and probably a definition of the topic)3. Reasons why the situation exists.4. How the situation can be recognized and the problems solved.You will also think about the following:1).Why do you need to understand the information?2).How will you use the information?3).Will need to change the information or will use it as it is?Step2. Completing notesA: Listen to a TV programme and take notes to report on the current problems of short-sightedness, which is very common among Chinese teenagers today.B: Read the following article, and then fill in the table with the measures this school is taking. Write the correct letters in the column on the left.C: Listen to a radio announcement about what No.9 Secondary School has done to help protect students’ eyesight.Skills building 2: interviewing someoneWhen you are conducting an interview, you need to structure and organize your interview and your questions in a certain way.1. Introduce yourself and thank your guest for agreeing to be interviewed.2. Say why you are doing the interview and what you want to find out.3. Start to ask questions from general questions to more detailed questions.Step3. Interviewing someone1. Discuss solutions to protect eyesight.1). Do eye exercises twice every day.2). Do not read in bed or without good lighting.3). Take some eyesight supplements such as Vitamins A, C and E.2. You are interviewing a doctor about what parents and students can do to protect students’ eyesight. Do the interview with your partner according to the information on page 28.Skills building 3: writing a radio scriptWhen writing a script, you need to include:1. Who you are2. The subject3. The opening4. Explanation of what the topic is5. Background information, including the current situation6. Reference to other sources7. Recommendations8. Closing (thank people for listening)Step4. Writing a report for the school radio stationWrite a radio script for a programme on short-sightedness for your school radio station. Use the information in step 1 and 2 to help you.Step5. Homework1. Preview “Project”.2. Write a report on short-sightedness.Language Points:1. currentadj. of the present time:‘thou”这个词现在不再使用了.The word 'thou' (= you) is no longer in current use.currently: adverb他现在正在美国举行会谈.He is currently having talks in the USA.current affairs: plural nounPolitical news about events happening now.2. hold: v. [T not continuous] held, held(1) to contain or be able to contain sth.:现代电脑能够容纳大量的信息.Modern computers can hold huge amounts of information.(2) to take and keep sth. in your hand or arms:我开门的时候你能拿一下包吗?Can you hold the bag while I open the door?3. adjust (CHANGE) v. [T](1). to change sth. slightly, especially to make it more correct, effective, or suitable:如果椅子太高,你可以调整一下以来适应你.If the chair is too high you can adjust it to suit you.(2) to arrange your clothing to make yourself look tidy:她整整衬衫,深吸一口气,走进房间.She adjusted her skirt, took a deep breath and walked into the room.adjustable: adj. able to be changed to suit particular needs:方向盘的高度是可以调整的.The height of the steering wheel is adjustable.adjustment n. [C or U] a small change:她把摄象机的焦距进行了一些小小的调整.She made a few minor adjustments to the focus of her camera.4. certain: adj.(1).having no doubt or knowing exactly that sth. is true, or known to be true, correct, exact or effective:你完全肯定你给他们的号码是对的吗?Are you absolutely certain (that) you gave them the right number?你们应该确保每个人理解这些指示.You should make certain (that) everyone understands the instructions.(2) know/say for certain: to know or state sth. without doubt我并不确切知道她是否会来.I don't know for certain if she's coming.(3) adj. [before noun] FORMAL named but neither famous nor known well: 我应该解释一下,我和某一位Tom吃午饭的,不是这个Tom.I had lunch today with a certain Tom not the Tom, I should explain.make certain/sure of/that… to take action so that you are certain that sth. happens, is true, etc:确保我们晚会有足够的饿饮料.Make certain (that) we have enough drink for the party.查实会议的时间和地点.Made sure of the time and the place of the meeting.NOTE: some student=a certain student 某个学生some students 一些学生 certain students 某些学生。
