非谓语动词4

非谓语动词一．概念非谓语动词就是指在句中不能单独作谓语的动词，并且不受主语的人称或数的制约。

非谓语动词可分为不定式，动名词和分词（现在分词和过去分词）。

二．基本特点：三种非谓语动词都具有动词的特征，虽然它们没有人称和数的变化，但是它们都能带自己的状语或有时跟宾语。

它们都有各自的特征：不定式具有名词、形容词和副词的特征，在句子中能够做主语、宾语、表语、补足语或状语。

分词具有形容词和副词的特征，在句子中能够做定语、表语、状语或补足语等；动名词具有名词的特，在句子中能够做主语、宾语、表语等；动词不定式1.动词不定式的基本结构to + 动词原形。

2.动词不定式的形式时态主动态被动态一般式to do to be done实行式to be doing完成式to have done to have been done完成实行式to have been doingEg.1.John said that he had run in order to catch the bus. （一般式的主动态）2：He hated to be misunderstood by others. (一般式的被动态)3：He pretended to be listening attentively. (实行式)4：He intended to have told you that. (完成式主动态)5：This work of art seemed to have been created several centuries ago.(完成式的被动态)6：We’re happy to have been working with yo u. (完成实行式)3. 动词不定式的用法,在句中可作主语、表语、宾语、定语、状语等(1)作主语。

例如：To see you is always a pleasure.To make money is not the only purpose of our life.在很多情况下，常用it 来充当动词不定式的形式主语。

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非谓语动词专项练习41.from this point of view, the question will be of great importance.A ConsideringB Being consideredC ConsideredD Having considered2.The monument was built in honor of the explorer who was believedthe river.A to have discoveredB to have been discoveredC to discoverD having been discovered3.Have you checked all the goods to the farmers in Shanxi Province next week?A sentB being sentC sendingD to be sent4.It was the 2007 Asian Cup that cost Floyd so much time that he should have spent on his experiment.A to have watchedB watchingC watchedD having watched5.—We didn’t find the Blacks attending the lecture.—No one had told them about a lecture.A there to beB there beingC there beD there was6.He hurried to the station only that the train had left.A to findB findingC foundD to have found7.When help, one often says “ Thank you.” or “ It’s kind of you.”A offeringB to offerC to be offeredD offered8.in a white uniform, he looks more like a cook than a doctor.A DressedB To dressC DressingD Having dressed9 —Is Bob still performing?—I’m afraid not. He is said the stage already as he has become an official.A to have leftB to leaveC to have been leftD to be left10.There are hundreds of visitors in front of the Art Gallery to havea look at Van Gogh’s paintings.A waitedB to waitC waitingD wait11.We get more shade with all these trees tall.A growingB grownC grewD to grow12.Although for the first time, the works of the young composer were fully appreciated.A performedB performingC to be performedD being perfomed13.The CDs, in that famous studio, sold very well in big cities like Shanghai.A recordedB recordingC to be recordedD having recorded14.Helen had shout above the sound of the music.A making herself hearB to make herself hearC making herself heardD to make herself heard15.Mr. Zhao usually works in his room with the door and windowsA closedB closingC closeD to be closed16. the employees’ working efficiency the supervisor will allow them to have a coffee break.A ImprovingB To improveC Having improvedD Improved17.In the dream Peter saw himself by a fierce wolf, and he woke suddenly with a start.A chasedB to be chasedC be chasedD having been chased18.China has promised to revised to revise its existing regulations andnew policies according to WTO requirements.A formingB to formC to be formingD have formed19.Some of the experiments in the book are easy to perform.A being describedB to be describedC to describeD described20.During the past five years, he has worked for the General Motors,as GM.A knowingB knownC being knownD to be known参考答案：1—5 CADBB 6—10 ADAAC11—15 AAADA 16—20BABDB。

高中英语非谓语的知识点总结高中英语非谓语的知识点非谓语动词的形式非谓语动词包含四种形式，即不定式、动名词、现在分词和过去分词。

其中，每种形式按照发生时间和主被动又包括不同的子形式。

具体如下：1. 不定式①基本形式：to do(表示主动，并且一般表示将来)②被动式：to be done(表示被动，并且一般表示将来)③进行式：to be doing (表示主动和进行)④完成时：to have done(表示主动和完成)⑤完成被动式：to have been done(表示被动和完成)⑥完成进行式：to have been doing (表示主动和完成进行)The teacher told us to do morning exercises.老师让我们做早操。

The car to be bought is for his sister.要买的这辆车是给他的姐姐的。

She pretended to be reading when the teacher came into the classroom.老师进来时，她假装正在读书。

The thief is said to have escaped.据说小偷已经逃跑了。

The thief is said to have been arrested.据说小偷已经被抓住了。

She is said to have been working in the factory over the last 20 years.据说在过去的20年里，她一直在这家工厂工作。

2. 动名词①基本形式：doing (表示主动)②被动式：being done(表示被动)③完成式：having done(表示主动和完成)④完成被动式：having been done(表示被动和完成)Travelling in space by ordinary people will be common in the future.在未来，普通人在太空旅行将会是普遍的事情。

非谓语动词作定语的归纳教学目标：在前面非谓语动词单项选择的基础上，进行理论和实践的提高，争取在综合能力上有所突破。

第一部分：上次讲义非谓语动词做状语的翻译习题订正不定式、分词作定语用法要点一、不定式做定语1.做定语的不定式如果是不及物动词，或者不定式所修饰的名词或代词是不定式动作的地点、工具等，不定式后面须有相应的介词。

如：He has no money and no place to live (in).2.尝试比较：Have you got anything to send?Have you got anything to be sent?3.用不定式做定语的几种情况：（1）不定式表将来。

如：The car to be bought is for his sister.（2）用来修饰被序数词、最高级或no, all, any 等限定的中心词。

如：He is the best man to do the job.She was the first woman to win the gold medal in the Olympic Games.（3）用来修饰的词是抽象名词时用不定式，常见的有：Do you have the ability to read and write in English?I have no chance to go sightseeing.二：分词作定语1.及物动词衍变来的分词作定语时，有三种变形，它们是：doing 主动，进行being done 被动，进行done 被动，完成The houses being built are for the teachers.I have never seen a more moving movie.2.不及物动词衍变来的分词作定语时，有两种变形，它们是：doing 进行done 完成boiling water / boiled waterfalling leaves / fallen leaves三、to be done , done, being done 做定语的区别三者的语态同为被动语态，区别主要集中在时态上Have you read the novel witten by Dickens?Listen! The song being sung is very popular with the students.The question to be discusse d at tomorrow’s meeting is a very important one.相关习题1.A.sitB. sit onC. be satD. be sat on2.I’m not sure which restaurant .A.to eat onB. eating atC. to eat atD. for eating3.—“What do you think of this middle school?”—“It is a very good .”A.school to studyB. school to study inC. studying schoolD. school for children to study4.—“I’d like to buy an expensive camera.”—“Well, we have several models .”A.to choose fromB. of choiceC. to be chosenD. for choosing5.We had no money and no place .A.to live inB. to liveC. living inD. living6.He loves parties. He is always the first and the last .A.7.Before he had no chance .A.to go to schoolB. to go schoolC. going to schoolD. to go to the schoolA.to learnB. learningC. to be learnedD. being learned9.This is an important matter. I need at least a day or two .A.of thinking over itB. to think it overC. of thinking it overD. to think over it10.A.for sowB. of sowingC. to sowD. to sowing11.“Do you have any clothes today?” the maid asked.A.to washB. to be washedC. washD. be washed12.This is the best play last year.A.to performB. to be performedC. performingD. to have performed13.This book can be used in countries.A.English-speakingB. English-spokenC. English-spokeD. English-speak14.At present, English is the main subject here.A.to be taughtB. being taughtC. teachingD. to be teaching15.Snow was falling when they went along a mountain path to the front.A.to leadB. ledC. leadingD. being led16.—“Who are those people with the banner?”—“A group itself the League for peace.”A.callingB. callsC. calledD. is called17.“The picture writing”long long ago is hard for us to understand today.A.having been drawnB. being drawnC. was drawnD. drawn18.How I regret the days in doing the useless work!A.which wastedB. having been wastedC. which wastingD. having wasted19.The students, at the way the questions were put, didn’t know the answers to them.A.they surprisingB. surprisedC. their being surprisedD. surprise20.The pen belongs to me.A.which it is on the tableB. lying on the tableC. is on the tableD. which on the table。

动词（四）非谓语动词训练指要1．考查非谓语动词的试题常常考查一些常用动词以及特殊动词对其后非谓语动词的形式（不定式、过去分词及v. -ing形式）的不同要求。

有时也涉及到非谓语动词的完成式和否定式。

在做非谓语试题时可以分三个步骤：（1）分析句子成分；（2）搞清非谓语动词与其逻辑主语的关系；（3）确定行为时间及先后顺序等。

2．高考对非谓语动词的测试方向：（1）不定式的完成式、被动式和进行式；（2）不定式的省略；（3）测试只能接动名词的动词和接动名词、不定式有区别的动词的用法；（4）现在分词作宾补、作定语、作状语的用法；（5）测试非谓语动词的否定式。

1．（2002全国高考题）Having a trip abroad is certainly good for the old couple, but it remains ________ whether they will enjoy it.A. to seeB. to be seenC. seeingD. seen2．（2002全国高考题）The research is so designed that once ________ nothing can be done to change it.A. beginsB. having begunC. beginningD. begun3．（2003北京春季高考题）Mr. Smith, ________ of the ________ speech，started to read a novel.A. tired; boringB. tiring; boredC. tired; boredD. tiring; boring4．（2003上海春季高考题）Friendship is like money: easier made than ________.A. keptB. to be keptC. keepingD. being kept5．（2003上海春季高考题）________the meeting himself gave them a great deal of encouragement.A. The president will attendB. The president to attendC. The president attendedD. The president’s attending6．（2003上海春季高考题）Unless ________ to speak，you should remain silent at the conference.A. invitedB. invitingC. being invitedD. having invited7．（2003上海春季高考题）She will tell us why she feels so strongly that each of us has a role ________ in making the earth a better place to live.A. to have playedB. to playC. to be playedD. to be playing8．（2002北京高考题）—How do you deal with the disagreement between the company and the customers?—The key ________ the problem is to meet the demand ________ by the customers?A. to solving; makingB. to solving; madeC. to solve; makingD. to solve; made9．（2002上海高考题）In order to gain a bigger share in the international market，many state-run companies are striving ________ their products more competitive.A. to makeB. makingC. to have madeD. having made10．（2002上海高考题）Though ________ money，his parents managed to send him touniversity.A. lackedB. lacking ofC. lackingD. lacked in11．（2002上海高考题）Don’t use words，expressions，or phrases ________ only to people with specific knowledge.A. being knownB. having been knownC. to be knownD. known12．（2002上海高考题）________ to sunlight for too much time will do harm to one’s skin.A. ExposedB. Having exposedC. Being exposedD. After being exposed13．The patient was warned ________ oily food after the operation.A. to eat notB. eating notC. not to eatD. not eating14．Go on ________ the other exercise after you have finished this one.A. to doB. doingC. withD. to be doing15．Jane was made ________ the truck for a week as a punishment.A. to washB. washingC. washD. to be washing16．—The light in the office is still on.—Oh，I forget ________A. turning it offB. turn it offC. to turn it offD. having turned it off17．Little Jim should love ________ to the theatre this evening.A. to be takenB. to takeC. being takenD. taking18．The boy wanted to ride his bicycle in the street; but his mother told him ________.A. not toB. not to doC. not do itD. do not to19．I would love ________ to the party last night but I had to work extra hours to finish a report.A. to goB. to have goneC. to be goneD. going20．The houses ________ are for the old people and the construction work will start soon.A. builtB. to be builtC. to buildD. being built21．We must do whatever we can ________ those who are in trouble.A. to helpB. helpC. helpingD. do help22．The secretary worked late into the night, ________ a long speech for the president.A. to prepareB. preparingC. preparedD. was preparing23．With a lot of difficult problems ________, the manager felt worried all the time.A. settledB. settlingC. to settleD. being settled24．________ up at his father, he asked what was the matter with him.A. Having lookedB. LookingC. To lookD. Look25．Prices of daily goods ________ through a computer can be lower than store prices.A. are boughtB. been boughtC. buyingD. bought26．—Did you get a book?—No. I ________, but there were not any ________.A. tried; to be leftB. had tried; leavingC. tried to; leftD. had tried; have left27．If a thing is worth ________, it must be well ________.A. doing; doneB. to do; doingC. to do; doneD. being done; doing28．It is no use ________ now. He is busy.A. asking him comingB. to ask him comingC. asking him to comeD. to ask him to come29．________ from his clothes，he is not so poor.A. JudgedB. JudgingC. To judgeD. Having judged30．________ your head，and you’ll see the sun ________ now.A. Raise; risingB. Raise; raisingC. To raise; risingD. Lift; being risen31．The Olympic Games, ________ in 776 B. C. ，did not include women players until 1912.A. first playingB. to be first playedC. to be first playingD. first played32．He stood there for a while with his hands ________.A. raisingB. raisedC. roseD. risen33．When ________ her father，the girl burst out crying.A. asking of`B. asked aboutC. being askedD. asked34．The man kept silent in the room unless ________.A. spokenB. speakingC. to speakD. spoken to35．Many things ________ impossible in the past are very common today.A. consideringB. to considerC. consideredD. being considered36．On my way home，I saw a thief ________ money from a lady by the police.A. being caughtB. having caughtC. caught stealingD. have caught to steal37．The speaker raised his voice but still couldn’t make himself ________.A. hearB. to hearC. heardD. hearing38．With trees，flowers and grass ________ everywhere my native town had taken on a new look.A. plantingB. plantedC. to plantD. to be planted39．The professor came into the lab, ________ by his assistant.A. followingB. followedC. being followedD. to follow40．I’ve had my radio ________ so soon because my father had me ________ it.A. repair; doneB. repaired; doC. repairing; doD. repaired; done41．Only by ________ too much money can we live through these months.A. wastingB. no wastingC. not wastingD. wasted42．These old persons want ________ good care of.A. takingB. to takeC. takenD. be taken43．Not ________ it right，he was encouraged to try again.A. didB. doneC. to doD. having done44．A letter has been written to him, ________ him to the party.A. inviteB. to inviteC. invitedD. inviting45．I feel it an honor ________ here.A. asked to speakB. to ask to speakC. to be asked to speakD. to be asked speaking46．Who do you think ________ him angry?A. madeB. makeC. to makeD. making47．I prefer to stay at home rather than ________ shopping.A. goB. goingC. to goD. to be going48．She pretended ________ me when I passed by.A. having not seenB. not seeingC. to not seeD. not to see49．“Can’t you read? ”Mary said, ________ to the notice.A. angrily pointingB. and point angrilyC. angrily pointedD. and angrily pointing50．The visiting Minister expressed his satisfaction in his talks, ________ that he had enjoyed his stay here.A. having addedB. to addC. addingD. added51．European football is played in 80 countries, ________ it the most popular sport in the world.A. makingB. makesC. madeD. to make52．If ________ ill，I’ll stay at home, ________ a good rest.A. to fall; takingB. fall; to takingC. falling; takingD. falling; take53．It was so cold that we had the fire ________ all night.A. burnsB. burningC. to burnD. to be burning54．All the people，the wounded ________, were brought to safety.A. includedB. includingC. includeD. to include55．________, the boy couldn’t enter his house.A. Since the key has lostB. The key was lostC. Lost the keyD. Having lost the key56．They seemed to be eating something ________ on the fire.A. cookedB. being cookedC. that had cookedD. having been cooked57．The youngest daughter got angry again. Mother felt very ________ and father’s face wore a ________ expression，too.A. puzzled; puzzledB. puzzling; puzzledC. puzzling; puzzlingD. puzzled; puzzling58．He stepped into his room，only ________ a lot of things ________.A. finding; robbedB. to find; stolenC. found; missedD. to find; robbed59．—You were brave enough to raise objections at the meeting.—Well，now I regret ________ that.A. to doB. having doneC. to be doingD. to have done60．I know them ________ good friends when they were young.A. had beenB. to beC. wereD. to have been参考答案1～5 BDAAD 6～10 ABBAC11～15 DCCAA 16～20 CAABB21～25 ABCBD 26～30 CACBA31～35 DBBDC 36～40 CCBBB41～45 CADDC 46～50 AADAC51～55 ACBAD 56～60 AABBD【解析】1．remain to be seen意为“有待观察”。

Nonfinite—verb(Revision)1. to do2.—ing3.doneStep1找出下列句子中的非谓语动词（含短语）1. Tom returned from the boss’office, telling me that the boss wanted to see me at once.2. The news meeting, to be held in that hall, has already been crowded with reporters.3. Having reached the very peak of the mountain, the climbers cheered .4. He keeps buying expensive maps. He must have more than 200 by now.5. I heard the girl singing in the classroom.6. The man talking with my father is Mr. Wang.7. As soon as she entered the room, the girl caught sight of the flowers bought by her mother.8. To live is to struggle.Step2下面从二个方面来复习非谓语动词一．.非谓语动词的七大经典原则原则一：用作目的状语，原则上要用不定式1.When asked why he went there，he said he was sent there _____ for a space flight.A. trainingB. being trainedC. to have trainedD. to be trained2. _____ this cake，you’ll need 2 eggs，175 g sugar and 175 g flour.A. Having madeB. MakeC. To makeD. Making原则二：用作伴随状语，原则上要用-ing.3.As the light turned green，I stood for a moment，not _____，and asked myself what I wasgoing to do.A. movedB. movingC. to moveD. Being moved4. He sat _____ to her ______ the stairs.A. to listen; to climbB. listening; to climbC. listening; climbD. listening; to climbing用括号里的词的适当形式填空1. Write to the editor, ________ that the editor would be able to help her．（hope）2.She reached the top of the hill and stopped there_________ on a big rock．( rest )3.The secretary worked late into night , ______ a long speech. ( prepare )4. ___________ warm, we shut all the windows. ( keep )原则三：用作结果状语时，可用-ing或不定式，其原则区别是，一般用-ing，表示一定逻辑的结果，即结果在意料之中。

【专题四】语法考点归纳4（非谓语动词、状语从句）非谓语动词考点归纳1．非谓语动词在句子中，不能作谓语，而是担任其他语法功能，包括动词不定式、动词的-ing形式和过去分词。

2．非谓语动词有时态和语态的变化，如下表：3．区别动词不定式、动词的-ing形式和过去分词的方法：第一，从动作发生的时间上区别。

不定式表示的动作多发生在将来；动词的-ing形式表示的动作正在进行；过去分词表示的动作已完成。

第二，从主动和被动上区别。

非谓语动词通常都有一个逻辑主语，若非谓语动词所表示的动作和逻辑主语之间构成主谓关系，通常用不定式或动词的-ing形式；若构成动宾关系，则用过去分词。

动词不定式一, 不定式所作的成分1. 作主语不定式短语作主语时, 往往放在谓语之后, 用it作形式主语. 例如:It is right to give up smoking.戒烟是对的1.作宾语动词不定式做宾语时, 如果还带有宾语补足语, 往往把不定式放在宾语补足语之后, 而用it作形式宾语. 例如:I find it interesting to work with him.我感觉和他一起工作很有趣.2.作宾语补足语在see, hear, watch, feel, notice, observe, make, let, have, listen to, look at等词后的补足语中, 不定式不带to. 但是这些句子如果变成被动结构, 就必须带to. 例如:I often hear him sing the songHe is often heard to sing the song我经常听到他唱这首歌.注意: 动词不定式在介词but, except, besides后面时, 如果这些介词之前有行为动词do的各种形式, 那么, 这些介词后的不定式不带to, 否则要带to. 例如:She could do nothing but cry.她别无办法只好哭了.What do you like to do besides swim?除了游泳你还想干什么?I have no choice but to go我别无选择只好走.3.作定语(1)动词不定式作定语时, 往往和其所修饰的名词间为逻辑上的动宾关系; 作定语的动词不定式如果是不及物动词, 动词不定式后面须加相应的介词, 介词由与其搭配的名词来确定. 例如:He is looking for a room to live in.他在找房间住下There is nothing to worry about.这没什么好担心的Please give me a knife to cut with.给我把刀子切东西.但是不定式所修饰的名词如果是time, place或way, 不定式后面的介词习惯省去.例如:He had no money and no place to live.他没有钱也没有地方住(2)当不定式所修饰的名词或代词是不定式动作的承受者时, 不定式既可以用主动语态也可以用被动语态,但是其含义有所不同. 比较:Have you anything to send?你有东西要寄吗?Have you anything to be send?你有什么要寄的东西吗?4.作状语动词不定式作状语表示目的, 原因, 结果或条件. 例如:I came here to see you. (目的)我来这里看你.We were very excited to hear the news. (原因)听到这个消息我们很激动.He hurried to the school to find nobody there. (结果)他匆忙来到学校结果发现一个人也没有.To look at him, you would like him. (条件)看到他, 你就会喜欢他.注意: 不定式还可以在作表语用的形容词后作状语. 例如:I am glad to hear it.听到这个, 我很高兴The question is difficult to answer.这个问题很难回答.二. 疑问词+不定式不定式和疑问词who, which, when, where, how, what等连用, 在句中起名词作用, 可充当主语, 表语, 宾语等. 例如:He didn’t know what to say. (宾语)他不知道说什么好.注意: 在与why连用时, 只用在why或why not开头的简短疑问句中, 后面紧跟的动词不定式不带to.例如:Why not have a rest?为什么不休息一会呢?三.不定式的主动形式与被动形式动词不定式在句中用主动式还是被动式, 多数情况是容易辨别的, 但是有时的确比较复杂, 请注意以下几点:(1) 动词不定式修饰的名词或代词和不定式逻辑上构成主谓关系时, 不定式常用主动形式. 例如:Have you got a key to unlock the door?你有打开门的钥匙吗?(2) 不定式和它前面被修饰的名词或代词构成逻辑上的动宾关系, 又和该句主语构成逻辑上的主谓关系时, 不定式常用主动形式. 例如:I have got a letter to write. (I write a letter.)我有一封信要写.He needs a room to live in. (He lives in a room.)他需要一个房间住着.(3)不定式作表语形容词的状语, 和句中主语构成逻辑上的动宾关系时, 不定式多用主动形式, 这是因为人们往往认为形容词后省略了for one或for people. 例如:He is hard to talk to. (to talk to him)和他说话很难但如果强调句中的受事者, 也可用不定式的被动式. 例如His handwriting is very difficult to be read.他的书写很难认.(4)在“there+be”结构中, 当说话人考虑的是必须有人去完成某件事时, 不定式用主动形式, 如果说话人强调的是事情本身必须完成, 则用被动形式. 例如:There is a lot of work to do. (=Somebody has to do the work.)There is a lot of work to be done. (=The work has to be done.)动词-ing形式动词的-ing形式是动词的一种非谓语形式, 由动词原形加-ing构成, 包括-ing分词和-ing动名词. 可以在句子中用作主语, 表语, 宾语, 宾语补足语, 状语和定语.一.作主语1.一般形式Seeing is believing眼见为实.Coming to Hangzhou by train takes about 16 hours.乘火车到杭州要16个小时.2.通常为了避免句子主语过于冗长, 用it作形式主语. 例如:It’s nice talking with you和你谈话很高兴.It’s no use arguing with him.跟他争论没用.3.“There+ be+ no+-ing” 结构, 此结构的意义相当于”It’s impossible+不定式. 例如:There is no harm in doing so.这样做没有害处二.作表语动词的-ing可用来作标语. 例如:This food smells inviting.这种食物香味怡人.My Favorite sport is swimming.我最喜欢的运动是游泳.Their job is cleaning the window.他们的工作是打扫窗子.注意: 不定式同样可以作句子的主语和表语, 所表达的意义也非常接近, 但两者也有一定的区别: 一般说来, 动词-ing多表示一般行为和状态, 而不定式则强调具体某次动作以及将来要发生的动作.三.作宾语1.动词的-ing形式可以用作动词, 短语动词和介词的宾语. 例如:I warned her against driving fast.Jim dislikes eating chocolate.2.有些动词和动词短语后接动词的-ing形式作宾语, 常见的这类词有admit, acknowledge, advise,appreciate, avoid, delay, deny, dislike, enjoy, excuse, escape, fancy, finish, forgive, face, endure, involve, give up, imagine, mind, miss, pardon, practice, require, resent, resist, suggest, recall, resist, understand 等. 例如:The doctor advised taking more exercise.医生建议多锻炼.I suggest doing it in a different way.我建议用不同的方法做这件事.3.大部分“动词+介词”的短语动词, 只能后接动词-ing形式作宾语. 这些动词短语有think of, give up,aim at, put off, insist on, persist in, be good at, do well in, can’t help, keep on, leave off, feel like, be tired (afraid, capable, fond) of, set about等.以下以to作介词的短语有be used to, object to, devote oneself to, stick to, respond to, look forward to, see to, submit to, adapt to, apply to, accede to, get to, prefer to, adjust to, owe to, react to等. 例如:Do you feel like having a drink?你想喝点饮料吗?I prefer swimming to playing basketball.我喜欢游泳胜于打篮球.4.有些动词既可能带-ing分词坐宾语, 也可以带to不定式作宾语, 但在语意上却有很大的差别.(1). Chance to do碰巧去做某事; chance doing冒险试一试做某事.(2). Forget to do忘记要去做某事; forget doing忘记曾做过谋事(3). Go on to do接着又做另一件事; go on doing继续做同一件事(4). Remember to do记得要去做某事; remember doing记得曾做过某事(5). Stop to do停下来去做某事; stop doing停止做某事(6). Try to do努力做某事; try doing试一试做某事(7). Regret to do对将要做的事表示遗憾; regret doing对做过的事表示遗憾(8). Mean to do打算/ 想做某事; mean doing意味着/ 意思是做某事5. need, want, require其后必须用动词-ing形式的主动形式或不定式的被动形式做宾语, 表示事情需要做. 例如:sth. need/ require/ want doing=to be donesth. be worth doingsth. be worthy of being done= be worthy to be done四.作宾补这种用法通常用在下列几类动词中, 后接宾语然后加上-ing分词, 构成复合宾语结构, -ing分词充当宾补成分.1.表示感觉和心理状态的动词, 如see, hear, feel, find, smell, watch, find, listen to, look at, notice, observe等.There we found him watching TV.我们发现他在那儿看电视.I heard someone knocking at the door.我听见有人在敲门.2.在有些动词(如regard, describe, accept, think of, quote等)之后, 可由as引出-ing分词词组做宾补.They regarded the contract as being invalid.他们认为合同无效.They described the child as being very clever.他们描述这个孩子非常聪明.3.使役动词, 如set, keep, have, get, leave, catch等. 例如:Can you get my watch going again?你能使我的表再走起来吗?This sets me thinking这使我思考.五.作状语-ing分词作状语表示在进行一动作的同时所进行的另一动作, 它对谓语动词起修饰和陪衬的作用. 分词作状语可以表示时间, 原因, 条件, 让步, 结果, 方式或伴随情况.Having cleaned the rooms we began to weed the garden.打扫完房间, 我们开始在花园里除草. (时间)Coming into the room, she saw everybody already at their work.进屋以后, 她看到人人都在工作. (时间)Being ill, he couldn’t go to school.因为生病, 他不能去上学. (原因)Having no interes t in the topic, he didn’t go to the lecture.由于对这个话题没有兴趣, 他没去参加讲座. (原因)Working diligently, you will certainly succeed.只要刻苦学习, 你会成功的. (条件)Using atomic energy, we can build spaceships.利用原子能, 我们能够建造太空船. (条件)Granting the achievements to be great, there is still something to be desired.(尽管)成绩是巨大的, (但)仍有一些要求改进的东西. (让步)My car was caught in a traffic jam, thus causing the delay.我的车被交通拥挤堵住, 所以延误了. (结果)Traveling by train, we visited a number of cities.我们坐火车访问了好多城市. (方式)Mary sat by the window of the classroom, reading a book.玛丽坐在教室的窗户旁, 正在读一本书. (伴随)六.作定语分词作定语时和形容词的功能是相似的. -ing分词可以单独作定语. 例如:a smiling face 笑脸a leading figure 领导人物-ing分词还能构成合成词作定语, 例如:easy-going man 好说话的人当分词短语作后置定语时, 可以转换成定语从句. 例如:She went on board the train leaving for Shanghai.=She went on board the train, which was leaving for Shanghai.她乘坐了去上海的火车.There are two roads before us, one leading to the beach, the other to the park.=There are two roads before us, one which leads to the beach, the other to the park.在我们面前有两条路, 一条通向沙滩, 另一条同向公园.注意: 动词-ing和过去分词的区别----现在分词表示主动或动作正在进行, 过去分词表示被动或动作已经完成.七.独立成分作状语有些分词短语, 其形式的选择不受上下文的影响, 称作独立成分. 常见的有generally speaking, frankly speaking, judging from/ by, considering, given等.动词-ed形式动词的-ed形式是动词的另一种非限制性形式, 一般由动词加-ed构成. -ed形式与-ing形式句法功能基本相同, 从意义上看, 两者却有差别: 现在分词与逻辑主语之间是主动关系, 过去分词与其逻辑主语之间是被动关系; 现在分词表示一般性或正在进行的动作, 而过去分词则表示已经完成的动作.1.过去分词作表语一般用来表示感受或状态(连系动词+过去分词).We were very interested in the novel she gave us yesterday.我们对她昨天给我们的小说非常感兴趣.可以用作表语的常见过去分词有delighted, disappointed, upset, astonished, excited, frightened, experienced, interested, qualified, puzzled, exhausted, satisfied等.2.过去分词可以作宾语补足语, 通常用于下列三类动词后:(1).表示感觉和心理状况的动词: think, hear, feel, see, watch等. 例如:I have never heard this song sung in English.我从来没有听到这首歌用英语唱过.(2).表示使役动词: get, let, make, help等. 例如:He made it known to everyone that he was right他使每个人都明白他是对的.(3). 表示希望和要求等的动词: wish, want, like order等. 例如:He wants his composition to be read by every classmate.他想每个同学都读他的作文.3.过去分词作定语:(1). 分词可以作前置定语, 此时, 分词与名词之间有两种语意关系: 一种是分词表示主动: 一种是分词表示被动. 例如:He is a retired worker.他是一个退休工人.This is a newly-developed device.这是一个新开发的工具.(2).过去分词作后置定语时, 其功能相当于一个定语从句. 例如:She likes to drink cold boiled water.她喜欢喝凉开水.4.过去分词作状语和现在分词作状语一样, 修饰主句的谓语动词, 意义上相当与状语从句,表示时间, 原因, 条件,伴随状况等.(1).表示时间Seen from a distance, the mountain looked like a lion.从远处看, 这条山脉像一头狮子.(2).表示原因Criticized unfairly, she left the office without saying a word.由于受到不公平的指责, 她没说一句话就离开了办公室.(3).表示条件Watered once a day, the flower will grow very well.如果每天浇一次水, 这花会长得很好.(4).表示伴随状况He stood there, fascinated by the singing.他站在那里, 被歌声所吸引.在句子深层结构中, 过去分词短语的逻辑主语就是句子的主语. 如果过去分词短语的逻辑主语与句子的主语不一致, 过去分词短语的逻辑主语则需要用一个独立结构或者用一个由with/ without等引导介词短语表达出来, 这就是我们通常所说的独立主格结构. 例如:The question settled, they left for home.问题解决了, 他们就回家了.状语从句考点归纳1．高考对状语从句的考查主要涉及引导状语从句的从属连词的用法与辨析，所以答题时要正确理解句子的含义，判断清楚主从句之间的逻辑关系，弄清状语从句的类别，选择正确的连词。

第四组非谓语动词句型1.感官动词+sb./sth.+do/doing/done......They knew her very well.They had seen her grow up form childhood.他们非常了解她。

他们是看着她长大的。

2.have/make/get+sb./sth.+done 把/使......（办完）It is important to have your eyes examined regularly to check for any sign of eye disease that may not have any symptom.定期检查眼睛看看是否有眼疾症状很重要。

3.hae/make/let+sb.+do sth. 让某人做某事I made him do it.我叫他做这件事的。

4.can’t have sb. doing sth. 不允许某人做某事I can’t have you doing nothing all day.我不能让你整天无所事事。

5.keep/make/hear......+sb./sth.+doing/doneAt last I succeeded in getting my car moving slowly.最后，我终于成功地让我的车子慢慢移动了起来。

6.get(s)+过去分词/形容词If you happen to get lost in the wild，you’d better stay where you are and wait for help.如果你碰巧在野外迷路了，你最好待在原地等待救援。

7.......only/merely/simply/just+动词不定式Tom took a taxi to the airport，only to find his plane high up in the sky.汤姆乘坐出租车去了机场，却发现他要乘坐的飞机早已经高高地飞在了天上了。

四级非谓语动词专题练习固定搭配Why not/ Why don’t you +do (动词原形)What about doing…How about doing……had better do….…would like to do……feel like doing…例：What about having a rest?Why not have a rest?You’d better have a rest.Would you like to have a rest?I feel like having a rest.考题：1. You had better _____________ when the traffic light turns red.A. stopB. stopsC. stoppingD. stopped2. . Why not _____________ us?A. to joiningB. joiningC. to joinD. join3. You’d better __________your secrets to others.A. not to tellB. not tellingC. not tellD. don’t tell4. Why not _________out for a walk?A. goingB. to goC. goD. to going5. Would you like ___________a rest?A. to haveB. hadC. haveD. having6. You’d better _________the street when the red light is on.A. not to walk acrossB. not walking acrossC. to not walk acrossD. not walk across7. I have a bad cold. I don’t feel like_____________ anything.A. to eatB. eatingC. eat8. How about __________ tomorrow morning?A. go swimmingB. going swimmingC. to go swimming9. Why don’t you ____________ to a larger apartment?A. moveB. movesC. to moveD. moving10. Your father is sleeping. You’d better _______________.A. not to wake him upB. not wake him upC. not wake up himD.not to wake up him11. Since you have finished your homework, how about _______?A. go to runB. go runningC. going to runD. going running12. Why not ________ to a larger apartment?A. moveB. movesC. to moveD. moving13. Why not _________out for a walk?A. goingB. to goC. goD. to going14. . Would you like ___________a rest?A. to haveB. hadC. haveD. having15. You’d better _________the street when the red light is on.A. not to walk acrossB. not walking acrossC. to not walk acrossD. not walk across16. I have a bad cold. I don’t feel like_____________ anything.A. to eatB. eatingC. eat一些固定结构Can’t help 表示忍不住时候后面加动词ing形式。