(完整版)2008年四川大学英语专业(英美文学)真题试卷及答案,推荐文档

2008年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试(四川卷)英语本试卷分第工卷(选择题)和第皿卷(非选择题)两部分。

共150分，考试时间l20分钟。

第1卷(选择题共l05分)第一部分英语知识运用(共两节，满分55分l第一节单项填空(共15小题；每小题l分，满分l5分)从A、B、c、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。

1.1 haven't seen Ann for ________long that I've forgotten what she looks like.A. suchB. veryC. soD. too2. You have to __________a choice_ Are you going to leave the job or stay?A. decideB. getC. doD. make3. Although badly hurt in the accident, the driver was ______able to make a phonecallA. stillB. evenC. alsoD. ever4. For many cities in the world, there is no room to spread Out further,_____ NewYork is an example.A. for whichB. in whichC. of whichD.from which5.--Let's go for a walk in the garden.-- _______, but I need to do the washing-up.A. No, thank youB. That's rightC. Good ideaD. Not at all6. There were some chairs left over ______everyone had sat down.A. whenB. untilC. thatD. where7. The telephone, but by the time I got indoors, it stopped.A. had rungB. was ringingC. ringsD. has rung8. In the United States, there is always_________frow of people to areas of __country where more jobs can be found.A. a;theB. the：aC. the;theD. a;a9. I used to quarrel a lot with my parents, but now we _______fine_A. look outB. stay upC. carry onD. get along10. Although this _____.sound like a simple~ task, great care needed.A must B. may C. shall D. should11. The manager believes prices will not rise by more than____ four percent.A。

英语专业-英美文学试卷及答案-期末英美文学试卷A共9页第I. Mark the following statements as true (T) or false (F). (10 x 1’=10’)1. ( ) Chaucer is the first English short-story teller and the founder of English poetry aswell as the founder of English realism. His masterpiece The Canterbury talescontains 26 stories.2. ( ) English Renaissance is an age of essay and drama.3. ( ) The rise of the modern novel is closely related to the rise of the middle class and anurban life.4. ( ) The French Revolution and the American War of Independence were two biginfluences that brought about the English Romantic Movement.5. ( ) Charlotte’s novels are all about lonely and neglected young women with a fiercelonging for life and love. Her novels are more or less based on her own experience and feelings and the life as she sees around.6. ( ) The leading figures of the naturalism at the turn of 19th century are Thomas Hardy,John Galsworthy and Bernard Shaw.7. ( ) Emily Dickinson is remembered as the “All American Writer”.8. ( )The Civil War divides the American literature into romantic literature and realistliterature.9. ( ) Mark Twain is the first American writer to discover an American language andAmerican consciousness.。

Sichuan International Studies University2008 Postgraduate Admission Examination Paper forTranslation and Writing翻译与写作答题要求:所有答案必须写在答题纸上，否则不给分。

全卷150分，3小时完成。

I. Translate the underlined parts into Chinese: (50 points)I had a farm in Africa, at the foot of the Ngong Hills(恩贡山区). The Equator runs across these highlands, a hundred miles to the North, and the farm lay at an altitude of over six thousand feet.In the day-time you felt that you had got high up, near to the sun, but the early mornings and evenings were limpid and restful, and the nights were cold.The geographical position, and the height of the land combined to create a landscape that had not its like in all the world. There was no fat on it and no luxuriance anywhere; it was Africa distilled up through six thousand feet, like the strong and refined essence of a continent.The colours were dry and burnt, like the colours in pottery,- ,The trees had a light delicate鱼liage, the structure of which was different from that of the trees in Europe; it did not grow inbows or cupolas, but in horizontal layers, and the formation gave to the tall solitary trees alikeness to the palms, or a heroic and romantic air like fullrigged ships with their sails clewedup, and to the edge of a wood a strange appearance as if the whole wood were faintly vibrating.Upon the grass of the great plains the crooked bare old thorn-trees were scattered, and the grasswas spiced like thyme and bog-myrtle; in some places the scent was so strong, that it smartedin the nostrils. All the flowers that you found on the plains, or upon the creepers and liana inthe native forest, were diminutive like flowers of the downs,}nly just in the beginning ofthe long rains a number of big, massive heavy-scented lilies sprang out on the plains. Theviews were immensely wide. Everything that you saw made for greatness and freedom, andunequalled nobility.The chief feature of the landscape, and of your life in it, was the air. Looking back on asojourn in the African highlands, you are struck by your feeling of having lived for a time up in鱼 e air. The sky was rarely more than pale blue or violet, with aprofusion of和ghty,, weightless,ever-chancing clouds towering up and sailing on it, but it has a blue vigour in it, and at a shortdistance it painted the ranges of hills and the woods a fresh deep blue. In the middle of the daythe air was alive over the land, like a flame burning; it scintillated, waved and shone likerunning water, mirrored and_ doubled all objects, and created great Fata Morgana. Up in this丛曲air you breathed easily, drawing in a vital assurance and lightness of heart. In the丛ghlands you woke up in the morning and thought: Here I am, where I ought to be.The丛ountain of Ngong Stretches in a long ridge from North to South, and is crownedwith four noble peaks like immovable darker blue waves against the sky. It rises eight, thousand共2页第1页feet above the Sea, a}过to the East two thousand feet above the surrounding country; but to theWest the drop is deeper and more precipitous,the hills fall vertically down towards theGreat Rift V alley(大裂谷)·The wind in the highlands blows steadily from the North-North-east. It is the samewind that, down at the coasts of Africa and Arabia, they name the Monsoon, the East Wind,which was King Solomon's favourite horse. Up here it is felt as just the resistance-,of.the air, as鱼旦卫arth throws herself. forward into space. The wind runs straight ag inst鱼e NQon到lls,and the slops of the hills would be the ideal place for setting up a glider, that would be liftedupwards by the currents, over鱼e mountain top. The clouds, which were traveling with thewind, struck the side of the~ hill and hung round it, or were caught on, the summit qnd broke intorain. But those that took a higher course and sailed clear of the reef, dissolved to the West of it,over the burning desert of the Rift V alley. Many times I have from my house wondered to seetheir proud floating masses, as soon as they had got over the hills, vanish in the blue air and begone.1l. Translate the following passage into English: (50 points)站在尘土漫漫的路边，自己已没了勇气继续那剩下的一半旅程。

2008年四川大学英语专业（英美文学）真题试卷及答案一、单项选择题1 Which of the following is NOT directly related to the literature of VictorianAge in England?（A）The growth of urban population resulted in the appearance of a new reading public.（B）Many libraries were set up so that books were now available to readers who could not afford to buy them.（C）The plot of novels is unfolded against a social background which is broader than what it had been in previous novels.（D）Most of the novels were not first published in serial form, that is, by installment, before they were fully published in a single book.2 Romance was a type of literature that was very popular in the______.（A）Renaissance period（B）seventeenth century（C）Middle Ages（D）eighteenth century3 Jonathan Swift wrote all the following works EXCEPT______.（A）The Battle of Books（B）The Pilgrim's Progress（C）Gulliver's Travels（D）A Tale of the Tub4 The following statements about neo-classicism are all true EXCEPT______.（A）Elegance, correctness, appropriateness and restraint were preferred（B）It results in the rise of novels as a dominant literary genre（C）It is unsympathetic towards the "rude" masters of old literature—towards Chaucer, Spenser, and even Shakespeare（D）It is almost exclusively a "town" poetry, catering to the interests of thesociety in great cities.5 Which of the following is NOT a typical feature of Romanticism in England?（A）Spontaneity in expressing feelings.（B）Emphasis on reason.（C）Worship of nature.（D）Simplicity in language.6 Which ONE of the following is the author of The Leather-Stocking Tales?（A）Henry David Thoreau（B）Washington Irving（C）Edgar Allan Poe（D）James Fennimore Cooper7 Which ONE of the following is the author of the poem Song of Myself?（A）Walt Whitman（B）Stephen Crane（C）Edgar Allan Poe（D）Henry Wadsworth Longfellow8 Which one of the following statements is applicable to the understanding of Transcendentalism?（A）It is strongly influenced by social Darwinism.（B）Belief in individualism, independence of mind, and self-reliance.（C）Man has no free-will.（D）It holds that determinism governs everything.9 Mark the novelist whose major works are characterized by the elements of the "grotesque"?（A）Philip Freneau（B）Edgar Allan Poe（C）Washington Irving（D）Emily Dickson10 All the following concepts can be found in American naturalistic fiction EXCEPT______.（A）determinism（B）survival of the fittest（C）effects of hereditary and environmental forces（D）search for identity二、名词解释11 Oscar Wilde12 A Modest Proposal13 James Joyce14 Transcendentalism15 The Octopus三、问答题16 Answer the following questions IN ABOUT 150 WORDS each:(20 points)Make a comment on Emily Bronte' s novel Wuthering Heights.17 Make a comment on Herman Melville' s novel Moby-Dick.一、单项选择题1 【正确答案】 D【试题解析】 Most of the novels were first published in serial form，that is，by installment，before theywere fully published in a single book．(参见罗经国编的《新编英国文学选读下》第118页。

[考研类试卷]2008年四川大学英语专业（英美文学）真题试卷一、单项选择题1 Which of the following is NOT directly related to the literature of Victorian Age in England?（A）The growth of urban population resulted in the appearance of a new reading public.（B）Many libraries were set up so that books were now available to readers who could not afford to buy them.（C）The plot of novels is unfolded against a social background which is broader than what it had been in previous novels.（D）Most of the novels were not first published in serial form, that is, by installment, before they were fully published in a single book.2 Romance was a type of literature that was very popular in the______.（A）Renaissance period（B）seventeenth century（C）Middle Ages（D）eighteenth century3 Jonathan Swift wrote all the following works EXCEPT______.（A）The Battle of Books（B）The Pilgrim's Progress（C）Gulliver's Travels（D）A Tale of the Tub4 The following statements about neo-classicism are all true EXCEPT______.（A）Elegance, correctness, appropriateness and restraint were preferred（B）It results in the rise of novels as a dominant literary genre（C）It is unsympathetic towards the "rude" masters of old literature—towards Chaucer, Spenser, and even Shakespeare（D）It is almost exclusively a "town" poetry, catering to the interests of the society in great cities.5 Which of the following is NOT a typical feature of Romanticism in England?（A）Spontaneity in expressing feelings.（B）Emphasis on reason.（C）Worship of nature.（D）Simplicity in language.6 Which ONE of the following is the author of The Leather-Stocking Tales?（A）Henry David Thoreau（B）Washington Irving（C）Edgar Allan Poe（D）James Fennimore Cooper7 Which ONE of the following is the author of the poem Song of Myself?（A）Walt Whitman（B）Stephen Crane（C）Edgar Allan Poe（D）Henry Wadsworth Longfellow8 Which one of the following statements is applicable to the understanding of Transcendentalism?（A）It is strongly influenced by social Darwinism.（B）Belief in individualism, independence of mind, and self-reliance.（C）Man has no free-will.（D）It holds that determinism governs everything.9 Mark the novelist whose major works are characterized by the elements of the "grotesque"?（A）Philip Freneau（B）Edgar Allan Poe（C）Washington Irving（D）Emily Dickson10 All the following concepts can be found in American naturalistic fiction EXCEPT______.（A）determinism（B）survival of the fittest（C）effects of hereditary and environmental forces（D）search for identity二、名词解释11 Oscar Wilde12 A Modest Proposal13 James Joyce14 Transcendentalism15 The Octopus三、问答题16 Answer the following questions IN ABOUT 150 WORDS each:(20 points) Make a comment on Emily Bronte' s novel Wuthering Heights.17 Make a comment on Herman Melville' s novel Moby-Dick.。

天津外国语学院2008年攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试试题考试科目：英语语言文学（注意：答案必须写在答题纸上）（考试时间180分钟总分150分）说明：本试卷共五项，第I、II、III 、IV 项为所有报考我校英语专业硕士研究生的必答题；第V项分为五个专业方向模块，考生按照所报考的专业方向选择答题。

I. Choose the one answer that best answers the question orcompletes/explains the sentence. Write your answers on theANSWER SHEET. (22 points)1.The fact that children can speak before they can read or write shows that .nguage is basically vocalnguage is arbitrarynguage is used for communicationnguage is productive2.“There is no direct link between a linguistic form and what it refers to(i.e., between language and the real world)”. This is the viewconcerning the study of meaning.A. naming theoryB. conceptualistC. contextualistD. behaviourist3.“Expensive, valuable, precious” are a group of words bearing the samemeaning, but indicating different attitudes of the user toward what he istalking about. They are synonyms.A. dialectalB. stylisticC. emotiveD. semantic4.The semantic features of the word “girl” can be expressed as .A.+ ANIMATE, -HUMAN, + ADULT, +MALEB.+ ANIMATE, +HUMAN, - ADULT, +MALEC.+ ANIMATE, +HUMAN, + ADULT, -MALED.+ ANIMATE, +HUMAN, - ADULT, -MALE5.Pragmatics differs from traditional semantics in that it studies meaningnot in isolation, but in .A. relationshipB. dependenceC. sentenceD. context6. “The child is father of the man.” The figure of speech used in thesentence is .A. hyperboleB. metonymyC. paradoxD. transferred epithet7.The festival celebrating Christ’s resurrection is called .A. ChristmasB. Easter SundayC. Thanksgiving DayD. Resurrection Day8.The word “England” evokes images other than: .A. great cities with their imposing Georgian, Victorian and modernarchitectureB. Mediaeval castles and cathedrals of country townsC. delightful villages and rolling hillsD. Constitution-based federal republic9.Christianity was introduced into Britain by .A. the CeltsB. the GermansC. the RomansD. the Viking Danes10.The Fair Deal was the name given to ’s domestic program.A. Harry TrumanB. Franklin Roosevelt ChicagoC. Herbert HooverD. Dwight Eisenhower11.Culture of USA emphasizes all except .A. competitionB. democracyC. individual valueD. knighthood12.Which of the following phrases can not be used to describe the continentof Australia?A. the smallest continentB. the largest IslandC. the highest continentD. the driest continent13.Thomas Hardy is a prolific writer whose works include the followingexcept .A. Far from the Madding CrowdB. To the Light HouseC. Under the Greenwood TreeD. Jude the Obscure14.In the first half of the 19th century English drama experienced a generaldecline. , two famous English playwrights revived the British theatre after this period of time.A. William Shakespeare and Christopher MarloweB. Harold Pinter and Samuel BeckettC. George Bernard Shaw and Oscar WildeD. Henrik Ibsen and August Strindberg15.The three most eminent novelists who represent the three phases of theVictorian novels are Charles Dickens, Thomas Hardy and .A. George MooreB. Louis StevensonC. James JoyceD. George Eliot16.Which of the following books deals with American Civil War?A. The Red Badge of CourageB. For Whom the Bell TollsC. Slaughterhouse-FiveD. Catch 2217.The first writer who took the vernacular as a serious way of presentingreality after Mark Twain is .A. Robert FrostB. Ernest HemingwayC. William Carlos WilliamsD. Sherwood Anderson18.Direct treatment of the “thing”, whether subjective or objective, is one ofthe poetic principles advocated by .A. ImagistsB. RealistsC. NaturalistsD. Romanticists19.From Han Dynasty to Song Dynasty, _________ was the most importanttranslation activity in China.A. the translation of Buddhist scripturesB. Bible translationC. the translation of literary worksD. pragmatic translation20.In English-Chinese translation, proper nouns such as the names ofpersons and places of foreign counties are, as a rule, , i.e., to be translated by using Chinese characters to represent the sound in articulating these names.A. to be transliteratedB. to be transportedC. to be transferredD. to be transformed21.stresses the interactional, pragmatic aspects of translation,arguing that the shape of target text should above all be determined by the function that it is intended to fulfill in the target context.A. Relevance theoryB. Pragmatic translationC. Skopos theoryD. Applied translation22.In _________, the interpreter sits in an interpreting booth, listens to thespeaker through a headset and interprets into a microphone while listening.A. whispered interpretingB. pragmatic interpretingC. simultaneous interpretingD. consecutive interpretingII. Fill in each blank with an appropriate word or phrase to complete the sentence or passage. Write your answer on the ANSWER SHEET.(28 points)1.The sun sets regularly on the Union Jack these days, but never on theEnglish language. “The Union Jack” refers to . is a parliamentary democracy where the people elect(MPs) to the House of and the political party with the largest number of MPs in the House forms the government.3.“In 1837 most people lived in villages and worked on the land; by 1901,most lived in towns and worked in offices, shops and factories.” The period of history mentioned is known as .4.Admission to a British university is on the basis of ,school references, and .5.If President of the United States refuses to sign a law, a two-thirdsmajority in and ____________ can override his veto.6.developed as differences about the shape of the postwarworld created suspicion and distrust between the United States and the Soviet Union.7.Chinese basketball player Yao Ming has been very successful in NBA.NBA stands for .8., also called word-for-word translation, is ideally thesegmentation of the source language text into individual words and target language rendering of those word segments one at a time.9.The triple principle of translation put forward by Yan Fu is _________,expressiveness and elegance.10., the choice of words and phrases in the target language toexpress a certain meaning of the original, is one of basic techniques of translation.11.Defined by Peter Newmark as one of two modes of translation,________attempts to produce on its readers an effect as close as possible to that obtained on the readers of the original.12.The difference between a ______________ and a vowel lies in whetherthere is air obstruction in the production of them.13.In order to know the world and to communicate effectively, we have toname the things in the world. The process of naming involves classification and mental process of classification is __________.14.The historical study of language is a study of languagerather than a synchronic study.15.Geoffrey Chaucer’s famous work contains 20-oddstories unified by a fictitious pilgrimage.16.In , Thomas More offers an ideal social system, withwhich people replace tyranny with .17.The definition that “all good poetry is the spontaneous overflow ofpowerful feelings” was written by in .18.Harold Pinter, who , is one of the most gifted Englishplaywrights in the post-war period.19.In his , Benjamin Franklin creates the image of a boy’srise from to riches and demonstrates his belief that the new world of America was a land of opportunities which might be metthrough hard work and wise management.20.As a reflection of Hester Prynne’s moral development, the _symbolically undergoes a gradual and imperceptible change from “ ” to “able” and last to “angel”.21.Known as African Americans’ poet laureate, ________articulates themiseries and agonies of the blacks in face of racial discrimination.III. Briefly explain five—only the first five will be assessed in case morethan five answers are provided—out of the following seven terms. Provide an example where you feel adequate. Write your answer on the ANSWER SHEET. (30 points)1.allegory2.Babel Tower3.The Bill of Rights4.Domesticating Translation5.Oedipus Complex6.tragedy7.X-bar theoryIV. Write in English an essay of approximately 300 words on one poem,story or play you have read from British or American literature of the twentieth century and comment on some very specific aspect of literary work. You are expected to write an essay with a clearly stated and focused central argument that is supported with discussion, explanation, examples, and other evidence rather than a plot summary. Write your answer on the ANSWER SHEET. (20 points)V. This part consists of five sections. Do the translation or answer the questions set for the program for which you are making the application.Write your answers or your translation on the ANSWER SHEET. (50 points)Section AThe two passages in this section are set for applicants to the MA programs of translation and simultaneous interpretation.1. Put the passage into English: （25 points）农夫和商人齐云法国人从莫斯科撤走后，农夫和商人在街上寻找财物。

TEST FOR ENGLISH MAJORS (2008)--GRADE EIGHT--PART I LISTENING COMPREHENSION (35 MIN)SECTION A MINI-LECTUREIn this section you will hear a mini-lecture. You will hear the lecture ONCE ONLY. While listening, take notes on the important points. Your notes will not be marked, but you will need them to complete a gap-filling task after the mini-lecture. When the lecture is over, you will be given two minutes to check your notes, and another ten minutes to complete the gap-filling task on ANSWER SHEET ONE. Use the blank sheet for note-taking.Complete the gap-filling task. Some of the gaps below may require a maximum of THREE words. Make sure the word(s) you fill in is (are) both grammatically & semantically acceptable. You may refer to your notes.The Popularity of EnglishⅠ. Present status of EnglishA. English as a native/first languageB. English as a lingua franca: a language for communicationamong people whose (1) are different (1) ______C. Number of people speaking English as a first or a second language:— 320—380 million native speakers— 250—(2) million speakers of English as a second (2) ______LanguageⅡ. Reasons for the popular use of EnglishA. (3) reasons (3) ______— the Pilgrim Fathers brought the language to America;— British settlers brought the language to Australia;— English was used as a means of control in (4) (4) ______B. Economic reasons— spread of (5) (5) ______— language of communication in the international business communityC. (6) in international travel (6) ______— use of English in travel and tourism— signs in airports— language of announcement— language of (7) (7) ______D. Information exchange— use of English in the academic world— language of (8) or journal articles (8) ______E. Popular culture— pop music on (9) (9) ______— films from the USAⅢ. Questions to think aboutA. Status of English in the futureB. (10) of distinct varieties of English (10) ______SECTION B CONVERSATIONIn this section you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. Mark the correct answer to each question on your coloured answer sheet.Questions 1 to 5 are bused on a conversation. At the end of the conversation you will be given 10 seconds to answer each of the following five questions. Now listen to the conversation.1. Mary doesn't seem to favour the idea of a new airport because[A] the existing airports are to be wasted. [B] more people will be encouraged to travel.[C] more oil will be consumed. [D] more airplanes will be purchased.2. Which of the following is NOT mentioned by Mary as a potential disadvantage?[A] More people in the area. [B] Noise and motorways.[C] Waste of land. [D] Unnecessary travel.3. Freddy has cited the following advantages for a new airport EXCEPT[A] more job opportunities. [B] vitality to the local economy.[C] road construction. [D] presence of aircrew in the area.4. Mary thinks that people don't need to do much travel nowadays as a result of[A] less emphasis on personal contact. [B] advances in modern telecommunications.[C] recent changes in people's concepts. [D] more potential damage to the area.5. We learn from the conversation that Freddy is ______ Mary's ideas.[A] strongly in favour of [B] mildly in favour of[C] strongly against [D] mildly againstSECTION C NEWS BROADCASTIn this section you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. Mark the correct answer to each question on your coloured answer sheet.Question 6 is bused on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer the question. Now listen to the news.6. What is the main idea of the news item?[A] A new government was formed after Sunday's elections.[B] The new government intends to change the welfare system.[C] The Social Democratic Party founded the welfare system.[D] The Social Democratic Party was responsible for high unemployment.Questions 7 and 8 are based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer each of the two questions. Now listen to the news.7. The tapes of the Apollo 11 mission were first stored in[A] a U. S. government archives warehouse.[B] a NASA ground tracking station.[C] the Goddard Space Flight Centre.[D] none of the above places.8. What does the news item say about Richard Nafzger?[A] He is assigned the task to look for the tapes.[B] He believes that the tapes are probably lost.[C] He works in a NASA ground receiving site.[D] He had asked for the tapes in the 1970s.Questions 9 and 10 are based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer each of the two questions. Now listen to the news.9. The example in the news item is cited mainly to show[A] that doctors are sometimes professionally incompetent.[B] that in cases like that hospitals have to pay huge compensations.[C] that language barriers might lower the quality of treatment.[D] that language barriers can result in fatal consequences.10. According to Dr. Flores, hospitals and clinics[A] have seen the need for hiring trained interpreters.[B] have realized the problems of language barriers.[C] have begun training their staff to be bilinguals.[D] have taken steps to provide accurate diagnosis.PART ⅡREADING COMPREHENSION (30 MIN)In this section there are four reading passages followed by a total of 20 multiple-choice questions. Read the passages and then mark your answers on your coloured answer sheet.TEXT AAt the age of 16, Lee Hyuk Joon's life is a living hell. The South Korean 10th grader gets up at 6 in the morning to go to school, and studies most of the day until returning home at 6 p. m. After dinner, it's time to hit the books again—at one of Seoul's many so-called cram schools. Lee gets back home at 1 in the morning, sleeps less than five hours, then repeats the routine—five days a week. It's a grueling schedule, but Lee worries that it may not be good enough to get him into a top university. Some of his classmates study even harder.South Korea's education system has long been highly competitive. But for Lee and the other 700,000 high-school sophomores in the country, high-school studies have gotten even more intense. That's because South Korea has conceived a new college-entrance system, which will be implemented in 2008. This year's 10th graders will be the first group evaluated by the new admissions standard, which places more emphasis on grades in the three years of high school and less on nationwide SA T-style and other selection tests, which have traditionally determined which students go to the elite colleges.The change was made mostly to reduce what the government says is a growing education gap in the country: wealthy students go to the best colleges and get the best jobs, keeping the children of poorer families on the social margins. The aim is to reduce the importance of costly tutors and cram schools, partly to help students enjoy a more normal high-school life. But the new system has had the opposite effect. Before, students didn't worry too much about their grade-point averages; the big challenge was beating the standardized tests as high-school seniors. Now students are competing against one another over a three-year period, and every midterm and final test is crucial. Fretful parents are relying even more heavily on tutors and cram schools to help their children succeed.Parents and kids have sent thousands of angry online letters to the Education Ministry complaining that the new admissions standard is setting students against each other. "One can succeed only when others fail," as one parent said.Education experts say that South Korea's public secondary-school system is foundering, while private education is thriving. According to critics, the country's high schools are almost uniformly mediocre—the result of an egalitarian government education policy. With the number of elite schools strictly controlled by the government, even the brightest students typically have to settle for ordinary schools in their neighbourhoods, where the curriculum is centred on average students. To make up for the mediocrity, zealous parents send their kids to the expensive cram schools.Students in affluent southern Seoul neighbourhoods complain that the new system will hurt them the most. Nearly all Korean high schools will be weighted equally in the college-entrance process, and relatively weak students in provincial schools, who may not score well on standardized tests, often compile good grade-point averages.Some universities, particularly prestigious ones, openly complain that they cannot select the best students under the new system because it eliminates differences among high schools. They've asked for more discretion in picking students by giving more weight to such screening tools as essay writing or interviews.President Roh Moo Hyun doesn't like how some colleges are trying to circumvent the new system. He recently criticized "greedy" universities that focus more on finding the best students than trying to "nurture good students". But amid the crossfire between the government and universities, the country's 10th graders are feeling the stress. On online protest sites, some are calling themselves a "cursed generation" and "mice in a lab experiment". It all seems a touch melodramatic, but that's the South Korean school system.11. According to the passage, the new college-entrance system is designed to[A] require students to sit for more college-entrance tests.[B] reduce the weight of college-entrance tests.[C] select students on their high school grades only.[D] reduce the number of prospective college applicants.12. What seems to be the effect of introducing the new system?[A] The system has given equal opportunities to students.[B] The system has reduced the number of cram schools.[C] The system has intensified competition among schools.[D] The system has increased students' study load.13. According to critics, the popularity of private education is mainly the result of[A] the government's egalitarian policy. [B] insufficient number of schools.[C] curriculums of average quality. [D] low cost of private education.14. According to the passage, there seems to be disagreement over the adoption of the new system between the following groups EXCEPT[A] between universities and the government.[B] between school experts and the government.[C] between parents and schools.[D] between parents and the government.15. Which of the following adjectives best describes the author's treatment of the topic?[A] Objective. [B] Positive. [C] Negative. [D] Biased.TEXT BWilfred Emmanuel-Jones was a teenager before he saw his first cow in his first field. Born in Jamaica, the 47-year-old grew up in inner-city Birmingham before making a career as a television producer and launching his own marketing agency. But deep down he always nurtured every true Englishman's dream of a rustic life, a dream that his entrepreneurial wealth has allowed him to satisfy. These days he's the owner of a thriving 12-hectare farm in deepest Devon with cattle, sheep and pigs. His latest business venture: pushing his brand of Black Farmer gourmet sausages and barbecue sauces. "My background may be very urban," says Emmanuel-Jones. "But it has given me a good idea of what other urbanites want."And of how to sell it. Emmanuel-Jones joins a herd of wealthy fugitives from city life who are bringing a new commercial know-how to British farming. Britain's burgeoning farmers' markets—numbers have doubled to at least 500 in the last five years—swarm with specialty cheesemakers, beekeepers or organic smallholders who are redeploying the business skills they learned in the city. "Everyone in the rural community has to come to terms with the fact that things have changed." Says Emmanuel-Jones. "Y ou can produce the best food in the world, but if you don't know how to market it, you are wasting your time. We are helping the traditionalists to move on."The emergence of the new class of superpeasants reflects some old yearnings. If the British were the first nation to industrialize, they were also the first to head back to the land. "There is this romantic image of the countryside that is particularly English," says Alun Howkins of the University of Sussex, who reckons the population of rural England has been rising since 1911. Migration into rural areas is now running at about 100,000 a year, and the hunger for a taste of the rural life has kept land prices buoyant even as agricultural incomes tumble. About 40 percent of all farmland is now sold to "lifestyle buyers" rather than the dwindling number of traditional farmers, according to the Royal Institution of Chartered Surveyors.What's new about the latest returnees is their affluence and zeal for the business of producing quality foods, if only at a micro-level. A healthy economy and surging London house prices have helped to ease the escape of the would-be rustics. The media recognize and feed the fantasy. One of the big TV hits of recent years, the "River Cottage" series, chronicled the attempts of a London chef to run his own Dorset farm.Naturally, the newcomers can't hope to match their City salaries, but many are happy to trade any loss of income for the extra job satisfaction. Who cares if there's no six-figure annual bonus when the land offers other incalculable compensations?Besides, the specialist producers can at least depend on a burgeoning market for their products. Today's eco-aware generation loves to seek out authentic ingredients. "People like me may be making a difference in a small way," Jan McCourt, a onetime investment banker now running his own 40-hectare spread in the English Midlands stocked with rare breeds.Optimists see signs of far-reaching change: Britain isn't catching up with mainland Europe; it's leading the way. "Unlike most other countries, where artisanal food production is being eroded, here it is being recovered," says food writer Matthew Fort. "It may be the mark of the next stage of civilization that we rediscover the desirability of being a peasant." And not an investment banker.16. Which of the following details of Wilfred Emmanuel-Jones is INCORRECT?[A] He was born and brought up in Birmingham.[B] He used to work in the television industry.[C] He is wealthy, adventurous and aspiring.[D] He is now selling his own quality foods.17. Most importantly, people like Wilfred have brought to traditional British farming[A] knowledge of farming. [B] knowledge of brand names.[C] knowledge of lifestyle. [D] knowledge of marketing.18. Which of the following does NOT contribute to the emergence of a new class of farmers?[A] Strong desire for country life. [B] Longing for greater wealth.[C] Influence of TV productions. [D] Enthusiasm for quality food business.19. What is seen as their additional source of new income?[A] Modern tendency to buy natural foods. [B] Increase in the value of land property.[C] Raising and selling rare live stock. [D] Publicity as a result of media coverage.20. The sentence in the last paragraph "... Britain isn't catching up with mainland Europe; it's leading the way" implies that[A] Britain has taken a different path to boost economy.[B] more authentic foods are being produced in Britain.[C] the British are heading back to the countryside.[D] the Europeans are showing great interest in country life.TEXT CIn Barcelona the Catalonians call them castells, but these aren't stereotypical castles in Spain. These castles are made up of human beings, not stone. The people who perform this agile feat of acrobatics are called castellers, and to see their towers take shape is to observe a marvel of human cooperation.First the castellers form what looks like a gigantic rugby scrummage. They are the foundation blocks of the castle. Behind them, other people press together, forming outward-radiating ramparts of inward-pushing muscle: flying buttresses for the castle. Then sturdy but lighter castetlers scramble over the backs of those at the bottom and stand, barefoot, on their shoulders—then still others, each time adding a higher "story".These human towers can rise higher than small apartment buildings: nine "stories", 35 feet into the air. Then, just when it seems this tower of humanity can't defy gravity any longer, a little kid emerges from the crowd and climbs straight up to the top. Arms extended, the child grins while waving to the cheering crowd far below.Dressed in their traditional costumes, the castellers seem to epitomize an easier time, before Barcelona became a world metropolis and the Mediterranean's most dynamic city. But when you observe them up close, in their street clothes, at practice, you see there's nothing easy about what the castellers do—and that they are not merely reenacting an ancient ritual.None of the castellers can give a logical answer as to why they love doing this. But Victor Luna, 16, touches me on the shoulder and says in English: "We do it because it's beautiful. We do it because we are Catalan."Barcelona's mother tongue is Catalan, and to understand Barcelona, you must understand two words of Catalan: seny and rauxa. Seny pretty much translates as common sense, or the ability to make money, arrange things, and get things done. Rauxa is reminiscent of our words "raucous" and "ruckus".What makes the castellers revealing of the city is that they embody rauxa and seny. The idea of a human castle is rauxa—it defies common sense—but to watch one going up is to see seny in action. Success is based on everyone working together to achieve a shared goal.The success of Carlos Tusquets bank, Fibanc, shows seny at work in everyday life. The bank started as a family concern and now employs hundreds. Tusquets said it exemplifies how the economy in Barcelona is different.Entrepreneurial seny demonstrates why Barcelona and Catalonia—the ancient region of which Barcelona is the capital—are distinct from the rest of Spain yet essential to Spain's emergence, after centuries of repression, as a prosperous, democratic European country. Catalonia, with Barcelona as its dynamo, has turned into an economic powerhouse. Making up 6 percent of Spain's territory, with a sixth of its people, it accounts for nearly a quarter of Spain's production—everything from textiles to computers—even though the rest of Spain has been enjoying its own economic miracle.Hand in hand with seny goes rauxa, and there's no better place to see rauxa in action than on the Ramblas, the venerable, tree-shaded boulevard that, in gentle stages, leads you from the centre of Barcelona down to the port. There are two narrow lanes each way for cars and motorbikes, but it's the wide centre walkway that makes the Ramblas a front-row seat for Barcelona's longest running theatrical event. Plastic armchairs are set out on the sidewalk. Sit in one of them, and an attendant will come and charge you a small fee. Performance artists throng the Ramblas—stilt walkers, witches caked in charcoal dust, Elvis impersonators. But the real stars are the old women and happily playing children, millionaires on motorbikes, and pimps and women who, upon closer inspection, prove not to be.Aficionados (Fans) of Barcelona love to compare notes: "Last night there was a man standing on the balcony of his hotel room," Mariana Bertagnolli, an Italian photographer, told me, "The balcony was on the second floor. He was naked, and he was talking into a cell phone."There you have it, Barcelona's essence. The man is naked (rauxa), but he is talking into a cell phone (seny).21. From the description in the passage, we learn that[A] all Catalonians can perform castells.[B] castells require performers to stand on each other.[C] people perform castells in different formations,[D] in castells people have to push and pull each other.22. According to the passage, the implication of the performance is that[A] the Catalonians are insensible and noisy people.[B] the Catalonians Show more sense than is expected.[C] the Catalonians display paradoxical characteristics.[D] the Catalonians think highly of team work.23. The passage cites the following examples EXCEPT ______ to show seny at work.[A] development of a bank [B] dynamic role in economy[C] contribution to national economy [D] comparison with other regions24. In the last but two paragraph, the Ramblas is described as "a front-row seat for Barcelona's longest running theatrical event". What does it mean?[A] On the Ramblas people can see a greater variety of performances.[B] The Ramblas provides many front seats for the performances.[C] The Ramblas is preferred as an important venue for the events.[D] Theatrical performers like to perform on the Ramblas.25. What is the main impression of the scenes on the Ramblas?[A] It is bizarre and outlandish. [B] It is of average quality.[C] It is conventional and quiet. [D] It is of professional standard.TEXT DThe law firm Patrick worked for before he died filed for bankruptcy protection a year after his funeral. After his death, the firm's letterhead properly included him: Patrick S. Lanigan, 1954-1992. He was listed up in the right-hand corner, just above the paralegals. Then the rumors got started and wouldn't stop. Before long, everyone believed he had taken the money and disappeared. After three months, no one on the Gulf Coast believed that he was dead. His name came off the letterhead as the debts piled up.The remaining partners in the law firm were still together, attached unwillingly at the hip by the bondage of mortgages and the bank notes, back when they were rolling and on the verge of serious wealth. They had been joint defendants in several unwinnable lawsuits; thus the bankruptcy. Since Patrick's departure, they had tried every possible way to divorce one another, but nothing would work. Two were raging alcoholics who drank at the office behind locked doors, but never together. The other two were in recovery, still teetering on the brink of sobriety.He took their money. Their millions. Money they had already spent long before it arrived, as only lawyers can do. Money for their richly renovated office building in downtown Biloxi. Money for new homes, yachts, condos in the Caribbean. The money was on the way, approved, the papers signed, orders entered; they could see it, almost touch it when their dead partner—Patrick—snatched it at the last possible second.He was dead. They buried him on February 11,1992. They had consoled the widow and put his rotten name on their handsome letterhead. Y et six weeks later, he somehow stole their money.They had brawled over who was to blame. Charles Bogan, the firm's senior partner and its iron hand, had insisted the money be wired from its source into a new account offshore, and this made sense after some discussion. It was ninety million bucks, a third of which the firm would keep, and it would be impossible to hide that kind of money in Biloxi, population fifty thousand. Someone at the bank would talk. Soon everyone would know. All four vowed secrecy, even as they made plans to display as much of their new wealth as possible. There had even been talk of a firm jet, a six-seater.So Bogan took his share of the blame. At forty-nine, he was the oldest of the four, and, at the moment, the most stable. He was also responsible for hiring Patrick nine years earlier, and for this he had received no small amount of grief.Doug V itrano, the litigator, had made the fateful decision to recommend Patrick as the fifth partner. The other three had agreed, and when Patrick Lanigan was added to the firm name, he had access to virtually every file in the office. Bogan, Rapley, V itrano, Havarac, and Lanigan, Attorneys and Counselors-at-Law. A large ad in the yellow pages claimed "Specialists in Offshore Injuries." Specialists or not, like most firms they would take almost anything if the fees were lucrative, Lots of secretaries, and paralegals. Big overhead, and the strongest political connections on the Coast.They were all in their mid-to late forties, Havarac had been raised by his father on a shrimp boat. His hands were still proudly calloused, and he dreamed of choking Patrick until his neck snapped. Rapley was severely depressed and seldom left his home, where he wrote briefs in a dark office in the attic.26. What happened to the four remaining lawyers after Patrick's disappearance?[A] They all wanted to divorce their wives. [B] They were all heavily involved in debts.[C] They were all recovering from drinking. [D] They had bought new homes, yachts, etc,27. Which of the following statements contains a metaphor?[A] His name came off the letterhead as the debts piled up.[B] ... they could see it, almost touch it when their dead partner...[C] ... attached unwillingly at the hip by the bondage of mortgages...[D] ... and for this he had received no small amount of grief.28. According to the passage, what is the main cause of Patrick stealing the money?[A] Patrick was made a partner of the firm.[B] The partners agreed to have the money transferred.[C] Patrick had access to all the files in the firm.[D] Bogan decided to hire Patrick nine years earlier.29. The lawyers were described as being all the following EXCEPT[A] greedy. [B] extravagant. [C] quarrelsome. [D] bad-tempered.30. Which of the following implies a contrast?[A] ..., and it would be impossible to hide that kind of money in Biloxi, population fifty thousand.[B] They had been joint defendants in several unwinnable lawsuits; thus the bankruptcy.[C] There had even been talk of a firm jet, a six-seater.[D] His name came off the letterhead as the debts piled up.PART ⅢGENERAL KNOWLEDGE (10 MIN)There are ten multiple-choice questions in this section. Choose the best answer to each question. Mark your answers on your coloured answer sheet.31. The largest city in Canada is[A] V ancouver. [B] Montreal. [C] Toronto. [D] Ottawa.32. According to the United States Constitution, the legislative power is invested in[A] the Federal Government. [B] the Supreme Court,[C] the Cabinet. [D] the Congress.33. Which of the following is the oldest sport in the United States?[A] Baseball. [B] Tennis. [C] Basketball. [D] American football,34. The head of the executive branch in New Zealand is[A] the President. [B] the Governor-General.[C] the British monarch. [D] the Prime Minister.35. The Canterbury Tales, a collection of stories told by a group of pilgrims on their way to Canterbury, is an important poetic work by[A] William Langland. [B] Geoffrey Chaucer.[C] William Shakespeare. [D] Alfred Tennyson.36. Who wrote The American?[A] Herman Melville. [B] Nathaniel Hawthorne.[C] Henry James. [D] Theodore Dreiser.37. All of the following are well-known female writers in 20th-century Britain EXCEPT[A] George Eliot. [B] Iris Jean Murdoch.[C] Doris Lessing. [D] Muriel Spark.38. Which of the following is NOT a design feature of human language?[A] Arbitrariness. [B] Displacement.[C] Duality. [D] Diachronicity.39. What type of sentence is "Mark likes fiction, but Tim is interested in poetry."?[A] A simple sentence. [B] A coordinate sentence.[C] A complex sentence. [D] None of the above.40. The phenomenon that words having different meanings have the same form is called[A] hyponymy. [B] synonymy.。

2008年四川大学英语专业（英美文学）真题试卷及答案一、单项选择题1 Which of the following is NOT directly related to the literature of Victorian Age in England?（A）The growth of urban population resulted in the appearance of a new reading public.（B）Many libraries were set up so that books were now available to readers who could not afford to buy them.（C）The plot of novels is unfolded against a social background which is broader than what it had been in previous novels.（D）Most of the novels were not first published in serial form, that is, by installment, before they were fully published in a single book.2 Romance was a type of literature that was very popular in the______.（A）Renaissance period（B）seventeenth century（C）Middle Ages（D）eighteenth century3 Jonathan Swift wrote all the following works EXCEPT______.（A）The Battle of Books（B）The Pilgrim's Progress（C）Gulliver's Travels（D）A Tale of the Tub4 The following statements about neo-classicism are all true EXCEPT______.（A）Elegance, correctness, appropriateness and restraint were preferred（B）It results in the rise of novels as a dominant literary genre（C）It is unsympathetic towards the "rude" masters of old literature—towards Chaucer, Spenser, and even Shakespeare（D）It is almost exclusively a "town" poetry, catering to the interests of the society in great cities.5 Which of the following is NOT a typical feature of Romanticism in England?（A）Spontaneity in expressing feelings.（B）Emphasis on reason.（C）Worship of nature.（D）Simplicity in language.6 Which ONE of the following is the author of The Leather-Stocking Tales?（A）Henry David Thoreau（B）Washington Irving（C）Edgar Allan Poe（D）James Fennimore Cooper7 Which ONE of the following is the author of the poem Song of Myself?（A）Walt Whitman（B）Stephen Crane（C）Edgar Allan Poe（D）Henry Wadsworth Longfellow8 Which one of the following statements is applicable to the understanding of Transcendentalism?（A）It is strongly influenced by social Darwinism.（B）Belief in individualism, independence of mind, and self-reliance.（C）Man has no free-will.（D）It holds that determinism governs everything.9 Mark the novelist whose major works are characterized by the elements of the "grotesque"?（A）Philip Freneau（B）Edgar Allan Poe（C）Washington Irving（D）Emily Dickson10 All the following concepts can be found in American naturalistic fiction EXCEPT______.（A）determinism（B）survival of the fittest（C）effects of hereditary and environmental forces（D）search for identity二、名词解释11 Oscar Wilde12 A Modest Proposal13 James Joyce14 Transcendentalism15 The Octopus三、问答题16 Answer the following questions IN ABOUT 150 WORDS each:(20 points)Make a comment on Emily Bronte' s novel Wuthering Heights.17 Make a comment on Herman Melville' s novel Moby-Dick.一、单项选择题1 【正确答案】 D【试题解析】 Most of the novels were first published in serial form，that is，by installment，before theywere fully published in a single book．(参见罗经国编的《新编英国文学选读下》第118页。

四川大学2008年博士研究生入学考试基础英语试题考试注意事项1、本试题共12页，考试时间180分钟。

2、1-70题答案请填在机读卡上相应处，否则不给分。

3、翻译和作文写在答题纸上，写在试题上无效。

中、英文翻译应做到字迹清晰、书写工整。

I.Reading Comprehension (30%; one mark each):Passage OneThe period of adolescence, i.e., the period between childhood and adulthood,may be long or short, depending on social expectations and on society’s definition as to what constitutes maturity and adulthood. In primitive societies adolescence was frequently a relatively short period of time, while in industrial society with patterns of prolonged education coupled with laws against child labor, the period of adolescence is much longer and may include most of the second decade of one’s life. Fuethermore, the length of the adolescent period and the definition of adulthood status may change in a given society as social and economic conditions change. Examples of this type of change are disappearence of the frontier in the latter part of the nineteenth century in the United States, and more universally, the industrialization of an agricultural society.In modern society, ceremonies for adolescence have lost their formal recognition and symbolic significance and there no longer is agreement as to what constitutes initiation ceremonies. Social ones have been replaced by a sequence of steps that lead to increased recognition and social status. For example, grade school graduation, high school graduation and college graduation constitute such a sequence, and while each step implies certain behavioral changes and social recognition, the significance of each depends on the socio-economic status and the educational ambition of the individual. Ceremonies for adolescence have also been replaced by legal difinitions of status, roles, rights, privileges and responsibilities. It is during the nine years from the twelfth birthday to the twenty-first that the protective and restrictive aspects of childhood and minor status are removed and adult privileges and responsibilities are granted. The twelve-year-old is no longer considered a child and has pay full fare for train, ariplane, theater and moive tickets. Basically, the individual at this age loses childhood privilleges without gaining significant adult right. At the age of sixteen the adolescence is granted certain adult rights which increase his social status by providing him with more freedom and choices. He now can obtain a driver’s license; lie can leave public schools; and he can work without the restrictions of child labor laws. At the age of eighteen the law provides adult responsibilities as well as rights. The yong man can now be a soldier, but he also can marry without parental permission. At the age of twenty-one the individual obtains his full legal rights as anadult. He now can vote, he can buy liquor, he can enter into finacial contacts, and he is entitled to run for public office. No additional basic rights are acquired as a function of age after maturity status has been attained. None of these legal provisions determine at what points adulthood has been reached but they do point to the prolonged period of adolescence.1.The period of adolescence is much longer in industrial societies because _____.A.the definition of maturity has changedB.the industrialized society is more developedC.more education is provided and laws against child labor are madeD.ceremonies for adolescence have lost their formal recognition and symbolicsignificance2.Former social ceremonies that used to mark adolescence have given place to_____.A.graduations from schools and collegesB.social recognitionC.socio-economic statusD.certain behavioral changes3.No one can expect to fully enjoy the adulthood priviledges until he is _____.A.eleven years oldB.sixteen years oldC.twenty-one years oldD.between twelve and twenty-one years old4.Starting from 22 _____.A.one will obtain more basic rightsB.the older one becomes, the more basic rights he will haveC.one won’t get more basic rights than when he is 21D.one will enjoy more right granted by society5.According to this passage, it is TURE that_____.A.in the late 19th century in the United States the dividing line between adolescenceand adulthood no longer existedB.no one can marry without the permission of his parents until the age of twenty-oneC.one is considered to have reached adulthood when he has a driver’s licenseD.one is not free from the restrictions of child labor laws until he can join the armyPassage TwoAt home Theodore Roosevelt had affection, not compliments, whether these were unintentional and sincere or were thinly disguised flattery. And affection was what he most craved from his family and nearest friends, and what he gave to them without stint. As I have said, he allowed nothing to interrupt the hours set apart for his wife and children while he was at the White House; and at Oyster Bay there was always time for them. A typical story is told of the boys coming in upon him during a conference with some important visitor, and saying reproachfully, “it’s long after four o’clock, and you promised to go with us at four.”“So I did.”said Roosevelt. And hequickly hinished his business with the visitor and went. When the children were yong, he usually saw them at supper and into bed, and he talked of the famous pillow fights they had with him. House guests at the White House some times unexpectedly caught sight of him crawling in the entry near the children’s rooms, with two or three children riding on his back. Roosevelt ‘s days were seldom less than fifteen hours long, and we can guess how he regarded the laboring men of today who clamor for eight and six, and even fewer hours, as the normal period for a day’s work. He got up ar half past seven and always finished breakfast by nine,when what many might call tile real work of his day began.The unimaginative laborer probably supposes that most of the duties which fall to an industrious President are not strictly work at all; but if any one had to meet for an hour and a half every forenoon such Congressmen and Senators as chose to call on him, he would understand that that was a job involving real work, hard work. They came every day with a grievance, or an appeal, or a suggestion, or a favor to ask, and he had to treat each one, not only politely, but more or less differently. Early in his Administration, I heard it said that he offended some Congressmen by denying their requests in so loud a voice that others in the room could hear him, and this seemed to some a humiliation. President Mckinley, on the other hand, they said, lowered his voice, and spoke so softly and sweetly that even his refusal did not jar on his visitor, and was not heard at all by the bystanders.if this happened, I suspect it was bacause Roosevelt spoke rather explosively and had a habit of emphasis, and not because he wished in any way to send his petitioner’s rebuff through the room.Nor was the hour which followed this, when he received general callers, less wearing. As these persons came from all parts of the Union, so they were of all sorts and temperaments. Here was a worthy citizen from Colorado Who, on the strength of having once heard the President make a public speech in Denver, claimed immediate friendship with him. Then might come an old lady from Georgia, who remembered his mother’s people there, or the lady from Jacksonville, Florida, of whom I have already spoken. Once a little boy, who was almost lost in the crush of grown-up visitors, managed to reach to the President, “What can I do for you?”the President asked; and the boy told how his father had died leaving his mother with a large family and no money, and how he was selling typewriters to help support her. His mother, he said, would be most grateful if the President would accept a typewriter from her as a gift. So the President told the little fellow to go and sit down until the other visitors had passed, and then he would attend to him. Np doubt, the boy left the White House well contended—and richer.6.From the stories which exemplify Roosevelt’s affection for his family members,we can infer that _____.A.he was not flexible with his scheduleB.the President tried to fulfill his promise to themC.he would stopped whatever he was doing for themD.the President apologized to them when he could not stay with them7.According to the author, theodore Roosevelt ______.A.was a hard-working PresidentB.tried to reduce the length of his workdayC.really appreciated the idea of eight or six hours per workdayD.wished to work with the laboring men of today8.What might an unimaginative laborer think of the President’s duties?A.Those duties were nothing for President Roosevelt.B.What the President did was to meet Congressmen and Senators.C.Many Congressmen and Senators liked to meet the President.D.The President thought his duties involved real and hard work.9.How was President Roosevelt’s offending denial of some Congressmen’s requestsexplained?A.The Congressmen fell humiliated.B.The President was easy to lose his temper.C.President Mckinley helped to change the embarrassing situations.D.President Roosevelt had a rather forceful speaking manner.10.How did the President treat the boy who had lost his father.A.He asked the boy to leave immediately.B.He accepted a typewriter as a gift from the boy’s mother.C.He would rather stay alone with the boy.D.He would help the boy and the poor family.Passage ThreeWoild Trade Organization Director-general Renato Ruggiers predicted that the WTO would boost global incomes by $ 1 trillion in the next ten years. The pact paves the way for more foreign investment and competition in telecom makers. Many governments are making telecom deregulation a priority and making it easier for outsiders to enter the telecommunication business.The pace varies widely. The U.S. and Britain are well ahead of the pack, while Thailand won’t fully open until 2006. only 20% of the $ 601 billion world market is currently open to competition. That should jump to about 75% in a couple of years—largely due to the Telecom Act in the U.S. last year that deregulated local markets, the opening up of the European Union’s markets from Jan. 1, 1998 and the deregulation in Japan. The WTO deal now provides a forum for the inevitable disputes along the way. It is also symbolic: the first major trade agreement of the post-industrial age. Instead of being obsessed with textile quotas, the WTO pact is proof that governments are realizing that in an imformation age, telecom is the oil and steel of economies in the future. Businesses around the world are already spending more in total on telecom services than they do on oil.Consumers, meanwhile, can look forward to a future of lower prices— by some estimates, international calling rates should drop 80% over several years—and better service. Thanks in part to the vastly increased call volume carded by the fiber-optic cables that span the globe today, calling half a world away already costs little more than telephoning next door. The monopolies can no longer srt high prices for international calls in many countries. In the U.S., the world’d most fiercelycompetitive long distance market, frequent callers since last year have been paying about 12 cents a minute to call Britain, a price not much more than domestic rates.The new competitive environment on the horizon means more opportunities for companies from the U.S. and U.K. in particular because they have plenty of practice at the rough-and-tumble of free markets. The U.S. lobbied hard for the WTO deal, confident that its firms would be big beneficiaries of more open markets. Britain has been deregulated since 1984 but will see even more competition than before; in December, the government issued 45 new international licenses to join Britain Telecom so that it will become a strong competitor in the international market. However, the once-cosseted industry will get rougher worldwide. Returns on capital will come down. Risks will go up. That is how free markets work. It will look like any business.11.Which of the following statements can best describe the main theme of thepassage?A.There is a great potential in the world telecom market.B.The WTO pact has boosted a rapid development of telecom all over the world.C.The WTO pact has opened up bigger telecom markets to competition.ernments have realized the importance of telecommunication.12.What does “well ahead of the pack” mean in respect of the U.S. and Britain?A.Their telecom technology is much more advanced.B.Their telecom markets are much more open.C.They have more money invested in foreign telecom business.D.They have more competition in the telecom markets.13.We can reasonably conclude from the passage that _____.A.the world telecom market has been fully explored since the signing of the WTOpactB.telecom companies of the U.S. and U.K. will undoubtedly dominate the worldtelecom marketC.many governments have granted a great investment in their telecom businessD.the WTO pact means tougher competition for telecom companies and gentler pricefor callers14.In last paragraph, the word “lobby” probably means “_____”.A. persuadeB.ApproveC. SeparateD. imitate15.The tone of this passage can be described as _____.A. informative and neutralB. serious and cautiousC. enthusiastic and optimisticD. analytical and worriedPassage FourFor me, scientific knowledge is divided into mathematical sciences, natural sciences or sciences dealing with the natural world (physical and biological sciences), and sciences dealing with mankind (psychology, sociology, all the sciences of cultural achievements, every kind of historical knowledge). Apart from these sciences in philosophy about which we will talk shortly.In the first place, all this is pure or theoritical knowledge, sought only for the purpose of understanding, in order to fulfill the need to understand what is essential and substantial to man. What distinguishes man from animal is that he knows and needs to know. If man did not know that the world existed, and the world was of a certain kind, that he was in the world and that he himself was a certain kind, he wouldn’t be man. The technical aspects of applications of knowledge are equally necessary for man and are of the greatest importance, because they also contribute to defining him as man and permit him to pursur a life increasingly more truly human.But even while enjoying the results of technical progress, he must defend the primacy and independence of pure knowledge. Knowledge sought directly for its practical applications will have immediate and foreseeable success, but not the kind of important result whose revolutionary acope is in large part unforeseen, except by the imagination of the Utopians. Let me recall a well-known example. If the Greek mathematicians had not applied themselves to the investigation of conic sections, zealously and without the least suspicion that it someday be useful, it would not have been possible centuries later to navigate far from shore. The first men to study the nature of electricity could not imagine that their experiments, carried on because of mere intellectual curiosity, would eventually lead to modern electrical technology, without which we can scarcely conceive of contemporary life. Pure knowledge is valuable for its own sake, because the human spirit cannot resign itself to ignorance. But, in addition, it is the foundation for practical results that would not have been reached if this knowledge had not been sought disinterestedly.16.In the author’s opinion, _____.A.both social and natural sciences are aimed at understanding onlyB.both pure knowledge and its applications are equally essencial ti manC.philosophy is totally independent of the sciences referred to in the textD.the revolutionary results of pure science can hardly be imagined by Utopians17.The most important advances made by man come from _____.A.technical applicationsB.apparently useless informationC.the natural sciencesD.the study of philosophy18.The Greeks who studied conic sections _____.A.invented modern mathematical applicationsB.were interested in navigationsC.were unware of the value of their studiesD.were forced to resign themselves to failure19.The title below that best expresses the ideas of this passage is _____.A.The Importance of Technical ProgressB. A Little Learning Is a Dangerous ThingC.Learning For Its Own SakeD.Man’s Distinguishing Characteristics20.It can be inferred from the passage that man’s need to know is chiefly important inthat it _____.A.allows the human race to progress technically.prises both the physical and social sciencesC.demonstrates human adaptabilityD.defines his essential humanityPassage FiveOne of the good things for men in women’s liberation is hat men no longer have to pay women the old-fashioned courtesies.In an article on the new manners, Mrs Holmes says that a perfectly able woman no longer has to act helplessly in public as if she were a model. For example, she doesn’t need help getting in and out of cars. “Women get in and out of ears twenty times a day with babies and dogs. Surely the can get out by themselves at night just as easily.”She also says there is no reason why a man should walk on the outside of a woman on the sidewalk. “Historically, the man walked on the inside so he caught the garbage thrown out of a window. Today a man is supposed to walk on the outside. A man should walk where he wants to. So should a woman. If, out of love and respect, he actually wants to take the blows, he should walk on the inside—because that’s where attackers are all hiding these days.As far as manners are concerned, I suppose I have always been a suppoter of women’s liberation. Over the years, out of a sense of respect, I imagine, I have refused to trouble women with outdated courtesies.It is usually easier to follow rules of social behavior than to depend on one’s own taste. But rules may he safely broken, of course, by those of us with the gift of natural grace. For example, when a man and a woman are led to their table in a restaurant and the waiter pulls out a chair, the woman is expected to sit in the chair. That is according to Ms. Ann Clark. I have always done it the other way, according to my life.It came up only the other night. I followed the hostess to the table, and when she pulled the chair out I sat on it, quite naturally, since it happened to be the chair I wanted to sit in.“Well,” my wife said, when the hostess had gone, “you did it again.”“Did what?” I asked, utterly confused.“Took the chair.”Actually, since I’d walked through the restaurant ahead of my life, it would have been awkward, I should think, not to have taken the chair. I had got there first, after all.Also, it has always been my custom to get in a car first, and let the woman get in by herself. This is courtesy I insist on as the stronger sex, out of love and respect. In times like these, there might be attackers hidden about. It would be unsuitable to put a woman in a car and then shut the door on her, leaving her at the mercy of some had fellow who might be hiding in the back seat.21.It can be concluded from the passage that _____.A.it can break rules of social behaviorsB.in women’s liberation men are also liberatedC.women are becoming more competent than beforeD.men should walk on the outside of a pavement22.What’s the author’s attitude about the whole question of manners and women’sliberation?A. SeriousB.CriticalC.JokingD.Satirical23.Ms. Ann Clark would most probably agree that _____.A.Ms. Holmes’s opinions on the new manners are justifiedB.the author is a man with the gift of natural graceC.one should follow social custom instead of his own tasteD.men and women are equal in most of the social events24.By saying “you did it again” (Para.7), the author’s wife means that _____.A.the author should have shown his politeness by pulling out the chair for herB.the author should not have sat down before she didC.the author should not have sat in the chair pulled out by the waitressD.the author should have walked behind her25.Which of the following is NOT the reason why the author gets into a car before awoman?A.He intends to be polite to the woman.B.He does that by force of habit.C.He wants to protect the woman from hidden danger.D.He thinks women nowadays are as capable as men.Passage Six“Youth”and “culture”have been a rather more familiar pairing within sociology than “old age”and “culture”. Young people’s spending on clothes, stereo equipment and cosmetics meant that the “teenager”became a vitally important consumer of leisure goods and services. These features of young people’s experiences, along with their increasing proportion within the total population, inevitably caught the attention of serveral influential sociologists who went on to describe and analyze the phenomenon of “youth culture”. In recent decades, the situation has changed somewhat. With the aging of the population, it is older people who represent an incasing proportion within the total population, some of whom enjoy relative affluence with high levels of disposable income. Consequently, it is older people, rather than young people, who are increasingly regarded as important consumers of leisure goods and services. Serveral sociologists have begun to analyze the cultural implications of population aging. Andrew Blaikie in his book first addressed the phenomenon of “gray culture” at length.Blaikie focuses in particular on the change in styles of growing old embodied in notion of the third Age. This is the stage of the life course after retirement from paid work, where activity, leisure and pleasure are enjoyed before the onset of old age proper brings social dependency, physical imfirmities and death. Blailie’s book is notabout how individuals with an accumulation of chronological years actually experience later life, but is instead an examination of the changing discourses of growing old as these are expressed in popular culture.Blailie’s analysis is sensitive to issues raised by the reconstruction of old age as a “leisure and pleasure” filled life course stage, including its meaningfulness to those without the financial or other resources necessary to enjoy it. Importantly, he also discusses what the cultural reconstruction of the post-retirement phase of life course means for our understandings and representations of “deep old age”and biological inevitability of death.For a book so concerned with the analyses of visual representations of later life, there are few actual illustrations. This must be regarded as a weakness. More often than not, the reader is wholly reliant on Blaikie’s own description of visual sources and his interpretation of how these represent later life. The reproduction of a greater number of cartoons or photographs would have greatly improved the persuasiveness of his analysis. Nevertheless, this is a timely book which makes an important contribution to the literature on the cultural reconstruction of later life.26.According to the first sentence of the article, you can conclude that _____.A.youth are more familiar with sociology than elderlyB.the elderly are more familiar with sociology than youthC.there are more researches on behaviors and life styles of youth than those of theelderly within sociology.D.there are more researches on behaviors and life styles of the elderly than youthwithin sociology27.What are the main contents of Blaikie’s book?A.The problems raised by the aging of population.B.The change in styles of growing old.C.The consuming tendency of the older people.D.The analysis of visual description of later life.28.What caused the appearance of the “gray culture” phenomenon?A.An increasing proportion of older people within the total population.B.Older people are regarded as important consumers of leisure goods and services.C.Some sociologists have begun to study the cultural implications of an agingpopulation.D.All of the above.29.Which of the following statements about the Third Age in paragraph 2 is true?A.The elderly can’t work in this stage.B.The elderly’s lives are full of pleasure during the whole stage.C.For the elderly, depending on society and death are inevitably finally.D.The elderly are afraid of death very much.30.The significance of the cultural reconstruction of old age mainly lies in _____.A.helping old people in financial difficulties to enjoy their livesB.helping the elderly to communicate with youth easilyC.helping the elderly to improve their life standardsD.helping us to understand the elders and deathII.Vocabulary(10%; 0.5 mark each):31.By Christmas _____ I in this office for ten years.A.will workB.will be workingC.will have been workingD.will have worked32.The individual TV viewer invariably senses that he or she is _____ anonymous,statistically insignificant part of a huge and diverse audience.A.everything exceptB.anything butC.no less thanD.nothing more than33.Apart from an interesting-looking carved dagger, he box was full of crockery,much of it _____.A.breakB.to breakC.breakingD.broken34.Jim's score on the test is the highest; he _____hard.A.should have studiedB.could have studiedC.must have studiedD.could study35.The newspapers in my hometown don't have as many pages as they _____ here.A.areB.doC.haveD.can be36."That English fellow's songs are very portic." "_____ the words to the songs, buthe also composes the music."A. He also writeB. Although he writesC. Not only does he writeD. It is not all that he writes37._____ a research student, I would at least master two foreign languages.A. Should I becomeB. I should becomeC. Would I becomeD. Have I become38.When the stranger walked towards him, he fled, the door _____behind him.A.slammedB.to slamC.slantD.slamming39.It is important that an undergraduate _____ a grade point average of B in hismajor field.A.maintainsB.maintainC.will maintainD.shall maintain40.The farmer out up iron fences around the flower _____ garden neighbor's sheepshould break in.A.on condition thatB.now thatC.lestD.but41.She agreed to take the naughty boy along _____ he behaved himself.A.whetherB.thatC.providedD.in case42._____ more important, not only the lost cities were recovered, but the new citieswere built.A. That isB. It isC. BecauseD. What is43.She bought a knife from the shop _____ to peel an apple.A.whichB.with thatC.with whichD.at which44.If it hadn't been for the doctor's care, I _____ speaking to you now.A.would not beB.would not have beenC.will not beD.will not have been45.To a highly imaginative writer, _____ is a pad of paper and a pen.A.all are requiredB.all which is requiredC.all is requiredD.all that is required46.In November 1987 the government _____ a public debate on the future directionof the official sports policy.A.initiatedB.designedC.inducedD.promoted47.It is unfortunate that the members of the committee do not _____ in opinion.A.coincideB.conformplyD.collaborate48.All draughts must be _____ from the room.A.ejectedB.expelledC.excludedD.exiled49.Planning our vocation we must take the frequent _____ of the weather intoconsideration.A.transformationB.transmissionC.transactionD.transitionA is one of the Powers in the world, but it's a(n) _____ that in such a richcountry there should be so many poor people.A.paradoxB.prejudiceC.dilemmaD. ConflictIII.Cloze(10%;0.5 mark each):There are three separate sources of hazard (51) _____ to the use of nuclear reaction to supply us with energy. Firstly, the radioactive material must travel from its place of manufacture to the power station (52) _____ the power stations themselves are solidly built, the container used for transport of the material are not. Unfortunately, there are (53) _____ only two methods of transport available, (54) _____ road or rail, and both of these (55) _____ close contact with the general public, (56) _____ routes are (57) _____ to pass near, or even through, (58) _____ populated areas.Secondly, there is a problem of wasters. All nuclear power stations produce wastes which (59) _____ will remain radioactive for thousands of years. It is (60) _____ to de-active these wastes, and so they must be stored (61) _____ one of the ingenious but cumbersome ways that scientists have invented. For example, they must be buried under the ground (62) _____ sunk in the sea. However, these (63) _____ do not solve the problem completely, they merely store it, since an earth-quake could (64) _____ open the containers like nuts.Thirdly, there is the problem of accidental exposure (65)_____ to a leak or an explosion at the power station. (66)_____ with the other two hazards, this is not very likely and does not provide a serious (67)_____ to the nuclear program, (68) _____ it can happen, as the inhabitants of Harrisburg will tell you.Separately, and during short periods, these three types of risk are no great cause for concern. (69)_____, though, and especially (70) _____ much longer periods, the probability of a disaster is extremely high.51.A.related B.connected C.associated D.affiliated52.A. Hence B. Although C. Therefore D. However53.A.regularly B.typically C.normally monly54.A.such as B.for example C.for instance ly55.A.concern B.involve C.include D.contain56.A.since B.although C.while D.so。

08年7月高等教育自学考试《英美文学选读》试题课程代码：00604请将答案填在答题纸相应的位置上(全部题目用英文作答)PART ONE(40 POINTS)I. Multiple Choice (40 points in all，1 for each)Select from the four choices of each item the one that best answers the question or completes the statement. Write your answers on the Answer Sheet.1. Of all the eighteenth—century British novelists ______ was the first to set out，both in theory and practice，to write specially a “comic epic in prose”，the first to give the modern novel its structure and style.A. Thomas GrayB. Richard Brinsley SheridanC. Jonathan SwiftD. Henry Fielding2. The poem “Elegy Written in a Country Churchyard”established ______ as the leader of the sentimental poetry of the day，especially “the Graveyard School”.A. Thomas GrayB. Samuel JohnsonC. John BunyanD. John Milton3. “Do you think, because I am poor，obscure，plain，and little，I am soulless and heartless... And if God had gifted me with some beauty，and much wealth，I should have made it as hard for you to leave me. as it is now for me to leave you. ”The quoted part is taken from______.A. Great ExpectationsB. Wuthering HeightsC. Jane EyreD. Pride and Prejudice4. The most famous dramatists in the Renaissance England are all the following EXCEPT ______.A. Francis BaconB. Christopher MarloweC. William ShakespeareD. BenJonson5. George Bernard Shaw’s play Mrs. Warren’s Profession is about______.A. slum landlordismB. the economic oppression of womenC. the political corruption in EnglandD. the religious corruption in England6. All of the following statements can correctly describe the Enlightenment Movement EXCEPT ______.A. The movement flourished in France.B. The movement was a furtherance of the Renaissance.C. The purpose of the movement was to enlighten the whole world.D. The purpose of the movement was to enhance the religious education.7. Among the three major poetical works by John Milton ______ is the most perfect example of the verse drama after the Greek style in English.A. Samson AgonistesB. Paradise LostC. Paradise RegainedD. Areopagitica8. The major British Romantic poets Blake，Wordsworth，Coleridge，Byron，Shelley and Keats started a rebellion against the neoclassical literature，which was later regarded as _____.A. the poetic romanceB. the poetic movementC. the poetic revolutionD. the poetic reformation9. Jane Austen’s main literary concern is about ______.A. human beings in their personal relationshipsB. the love story between the rich and the poorC. maturity achieved through the loss of illusionsD. the daily country life of the upper-middle-class English10. Among the following British Romantic poets ______ is regarded as a “worshipper of nature”.A. William BlakeB. William WordsworthC. George Gordon ByronD. John Keats11. Jonathan Swift’s greatest satiric work is ______.A. A Tale of a TubB. The Battle of BooksC. Gulliver’s TravelsD. “A Modest Proposal’’12. Among the following writers ______ is considered to be the best —known English dramatist since Shakespeare.A. Oscar WildeB. John GalsworthyC. W. B. YeatsD. George Bernard Shaw13. As a representative of the Enlightenment，______ was one of the first to introduce rationalism to England.A. Francis BaconB. Alexander PopeC. Thomas GrayD. T. S. Eliot14. All of the following poets are regarded as “Lake Poets”EXCEPT ______.A. Samuel Taylor ColeridgeB. Robert SoutheyC. William WordsworthD. William Blake15. “To be, or not to be —that is the question；／whether’tis nobler in the mind to suffer，／the slings and arrows of outrageous fortune,／Or to take arms against a sea of troubles, ／And by opposing end them”The quoted lines are taken from ______.A. King LearB. Romeo and JulietC. OthelloD. Hamlet16. Daniel Defoe describes ______ as a typical English middle —class man of the eighteenth century，the very prototype of the empire builder，the pioneer colonist．A. Robinson CrusoeB. Moll FlandersC. GulliverD. Tom Jones17. The declaration that “I know that This World is a World of IMAGINATION & Vision，”and that “The Nature of my work is visionaryor imaginative’’belongs to ______.A. William BlakeB. William WordsworthC. Samuel Taylor Coleridge D．George Gordon Byron18. Although writing from different points of view and with different techniques，writers in the Victorian Period shared one thing in common，that is，they were all concerned about ______．A. the fate of the upper classB. the reformation of the governmentC. the fate of the common peopleD. the future of their family clans19. “If Winter comes, can Spring be far behind’’The quoted line comes from ______.A. Shelley’s “Ode to the West Wind’’B. Walt Whitman’s Leaves of GrassC. John Milton’s Paradise Lost D．John Keats’“Ode on a Grecian Urn”20. Among the following figures ______ is Dickens’first child hero.A．Little Nell B．David CopperfieldC．Oliver Twist D．Little Dorrit21. In the play The Importance of Being Earnest by Oscar Wilde，the upper —class people are described all of the following EXCEPT ______.A. corruptB. snobbishC. hypocriticalD. ambitious22. In Thomas Hardy’s Wessex novels, there is an apparent ______ touch in his description of the simple and beautiful though primitive rural life.A. nostalgic 乡愁的B. humorousC. romantic23. “Life is but a losing battle, it is a struggle man can dominate in such a way that loss becomes dignity；man can be physically destroyed but never defeated spiritually.”This notion is typically held by ______．A. Mark TwainB. Ezra PoundC. William FaulknerD. Ernest Hemingway24. The literary spokesman of the Jazz Age is ______.A. Henry JamesB. Robert FrostC. F. Scott FitzgeraldD. William Faulkner25．North of Boston is described by the author，Robert Frost，as “a book of people，’’which shows a brilliant insight into ______ character and the background that formed it．A. the cowboyB. New EnglandC. Ivy ColleagueD. ivory tower26．People generally regarded ______ as the forerunner of the 20th —century “stream- of-consciousness”novels and the founder of psychological realism.A. Theodore DreiserB. William FaulknerC. Henry James D．Mark Twain27. According to ______, “There is evil in every human heart，which may remain latent，perhaps，through the whole life；but circumstances may rouse it to activity．”A. Nathaniel HawthorneB. Edgar Ellen PoeC. William Faulkner D．Theodore Dreiser28. Hemingway once described _____ the one book from which “all modern American literature comes.”A. The Adventures of Huckleberry FinnB. The Adventures of Tom SawyerC. The Gilded AgeD. Innocents Abroad29. What Walt Whitman prefers for his new subject and new poetic feelings is “______，”that is，poetry without a fixed beat or regular rhyme scheme．A. fixed verseB. free verseC. fixed endingD. free ending30. By writing _______ Melville reached the most flourishing stage of his literary creativity.A. TypeeB. OmooC. MardiD. Moby-Dick31. Shortly before his death in 1945，______ joined the CommunistParty.A. Theodore DreiserB. Mark TwainC. Henry JamesD. Ezra Pound32. Naturalism is evolved from ______ when the author’s tone in writing becomes less serious and less sympathetic but more ironic and more pessimistic.A. RomanticismB. ModernismC. RealismD. Scientism33. One of the most familiar themes in American naturalism is the theme of human ______.A. peacefulnessB. joyfulnessC. bestiality兽性D. civilization34. Hawthorne’s view of man and human history originated，to a great extent，from ______.A. TranscendentalismB. PuritanismC. HumanismD. Expressionism35. In general, the American woman poet _____ wanted to live simply as a complete independent being，and so she did，as a spinster 老姑娘.A. Anne BretB. Emily DickinsonC. Anna DickinsonD. Emily Shaw36. Theodore Dreiser’s ______ found expression in almost everybook he wrote in which “kill or to be killed”was the law.A. romanticismB. naturalismC. cubismD. classicalism37. William Faulkner creates his own mythical kingdom that mirrors not only the decline of the ______ society but also the spiritual wasteland of the whole American society.A. southernB. northernC. westernD. eastern38. Almost every book written by Hawthorne discusses _____，which reflects his unceasing interest in the “interior of the heart”of man’s being.A. sin and evilB. 1ove and hatredC. frustration and self - denialD. balance and self - discipline39. A preoccupation with the ______ view of original sin and the mystery of evil marked the works of Hawthorne，Melville and a host of lesser writers.A. optimisticB. CalvinisticC. PlatonicD. Socratic40. The American ______ as a cultural heritage exerted great influences over American moral values in the American Romantic period.A. Puritanism B．Atheism无神论C. Deism 自然神论D. Cynicism冷嘲热讽的PART TWO(60 POINTS)II. Reading Comprehension(16 points in all，4 for each)Read the quoted parts carefully and answer the questions in English．Write your answers in the corresponding space on the Answer Sheet．41. “The fiver glideth at his own sweet will：Dear God! the very houses seem asleep；And all that mighty heart is lying still!”(from William Wordsworth’s “Composed upon Westminster Bridge”)Questions：A. What figure of speech is used in the quoted linesB. What does “that mighty heart’’refer toC. What does the poem decribe42. “When the stars threw down their spears,And water’d heaven with their tears,Did he smile his work to seeDid he who made the Lamb make thee”Questions：A. Identify the poet and the poem from which the quoted lines are takenB. Whom does the “he’’refer toC. What does the “Lamb”symbolize43. “My tongue，every atom of my blood，form’d from this soil，this air,Born here of parents born here from parents the same，and theirparents the same，I，now thirty-seven years old in perfect health begin，Hoping to cease not till death”Questions：A. Identify the poet and the poem from which the quoted lines are taken.B. What do “soil”and “air”represent in the first lineC. What does the poet try to say in the above four lines44. “I cannot rub the strangeness from my sightI got from looking through a pane of glassI skimmed this morning from the drinking troughAnd held against the world of hoary grass.”Questions：A. Identify the poet and the poem from which the quoted lines are taken.B. What does the word “strangeness’’refer toC. What do the quoted lines implyIII．Questions and Answers(24 points in all，6 for each)Give a brief answer to each of the following questions in English．Write your answers in the corresponding space on the Answer Sheet．45. As a leading Romanticist，Byron’s chief contribution is his creation of the “Byronic Hero”．Briefly explain the literary term “Byronic Hero’’.46. TheWaste Land is T．S．Eliot’s most important single poem．Try to state the theme and the significance of the poem briefly.47．What is the most famous theme in Henry James’s fictionAnd what is his favourite approach in characterization，which makes him different from Mark Twain and W as a realist Give two titles of his first period works in which this theme and this approach are employed.48. As a leading spokesman of the “Imagist Movement”，what principles does Ezra Pound endorseIV. Topic Discussion(20 points in all，10 for each)Write no less than 150 words on each of the following topics in English in the corresponding space on the Answer Sheet.49. Discuss Charles Dickens’art of fiction：the setting，the character —portrayal，the language，etc．，based on his novel Oliver Twist．50. Greatly and permanently affected by the war experiences, Hemingway formed his own writing style，together with his theme andhero. Please discuss Hemingway’s writing style in relation to his novels you have read.。

2008年普通高校招生统一考试四川卷(英语)第一卷第一部分英语知识运用（共两节，满分55分）第一节单项填空（共15小题：每小题1分，满分15分）从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

例：It is generally considered unwise to give a child ____ he or she wants.A. howeverB. whateverC. whicheverD. whenever答案是B。

1. I haven’t seen Ann for ____ long that I’ve forgotten what she looks like.A. suchB. veryC. soD. too2. You have to ________ a choice. Are you going to leave the job or stay?A. decideB. getC. doD. make3. Although badly hurt in the accident, the driver was _____ able to makea phone call.A. stillB. evenC. alsoD. ever4. For many cities in the world, there is no room to spread our further, _______ New York is an example.A. for whichB. in whichC. of whichD. from which5. --- Let’s go for a walk in the garden.--- _______, but I need to do the washing-up.A. No, thank youB. That’s rightC. Good ideaD. Not at all6. There were some chairs left over _____ everyone had sat down.A. whenB. untilC. thatD. where7. The telephone _______, but by the time I got indoors, it stopped.A. had rungB. was ringingC. ringsD. has rung8. In the United States, there is always ____ flow of people to areas of ______ country where more jobs can be found.A. a; theB. the ; aC. the; theD. a; a13. --- Can you show me Mr. Jaffer’s office, please?--- _____. But I don’t know if he is in at the moment.A. ThanksB. Go onC. SureD. You are welcome14. We had an anxious couple of weeks _____ for the results of the experiment.A. waitB. to be waitingC. waitedD. waiting15. A cough is usually nothing to worry about unless it lasts for ten days ___.A. or moreB. insteadC. at mostD. only第二节完形填空（共20小题：每小题2分，满分40分）阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

2008年普通高校招生统一考试四川卷（英语）第一卷第一部分英语知识运用（共两节，满分55分）第一节单项填空（共15小题：每小题1分，满分15分）从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

例: It is gen erally con sidered un wise to give a child ___ he or she wan ts.A. howeverB. whateverC. whicheverD. whe never答案是B。

I. 1 have n'see n Ann for ___ l ong that I've forgotte n what she looks like.A. suchB. veryC. soD. too2. You have to ______ a choice. Are you going to leave the job or stay?A. decideB. getC. doD. make3. Although badly hurt in the accide nt, the driver was ____ able to make a phone call.A. stillB. eve nC. alsoD. ever4. For many cities in the world, there is no room to spread our further, _______ N ew York is an example.A. for whichB. in whichC. of whichD. from which5. --- Let' go for a walk in the garden.--- _______ , but I n eed to do the wash in g-up.A. No, thank youB. That's rightC. Good ideaD. Not at all6. There were some chairs left over ____ every one had sat dow n.A. whe nB. untilC. thatD. where7. The telepho ne ______ , but by the time I got in doors, it stopped.A. had rungB. was ringingC. ringsD. has rung8. In the United States, there is always _____ flow of people to areas of ________ country where more jobs can be found.A. a; theB. the ; aC. the; theD. a; a9. Although this ______ s ound like a simple task, great care is n eeded.A. look outB. stay upC. carry onD. get along10. Although this ____ sound like a simple task, great care is n eeded.A. mustB. mayC. shallD. shouldII. The man ager believes prices will n ot rise by more tha n ___ f our perce nt.A. any otherB. the otherC. ano therD. other12. In some places wome n are expected to earn money ___men work at home andraise their childre n.A. butB. whileC. becauseD. though13. --- Can you show me Mr. Jaffers office, please?--- _____ . But I don 'k now if he is in at the mome nt.A. ThanksB. Go onC. SureD. You are welcome14. We had an an xious couple of weeks ____ f or the results of the experime nt.A. waitB. to be wait ingC. waitedD. wait ing15. A cough is usually no thi ng to worry about uni ess it lasts for ten days _ .A. or moreB. i nsteadC. at mostD. on ly第二节完形填空（共20小题：每小题2分，满分40分）阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

2008年四川大学外国语学院211二外英语真题及详解Part One Vocabulary and Structure. Make the best choice for each blank. (1’×30=30’)1. Hardly had the minister finished his statement ______ several reporters raised their hands and put forward a string of questions.A. whenB. asC. thenD. than【答案】A【解析】句意：部长刚发表完他的声明，一些记者就举起手提出了一连串问题。

hardly…when…是固定搭配，表示“刚一……就，几乎未来得及……就”，hardly后面常跟完成时态，when后面常跟一般时态。

A正确。

2. All the members are participating in the scheme ______ a few small firms.A. exceptB. besidesC. except forD. in addition to【答案】C【解析】句意：除了一些小公司之外，所有的成员都加入了这一方案。

这四个选项都可以表示“除了”，except表示“除了，将……除外”，后面通常跟同类事物，例如：You can have anyone of these cakes except this one.表示“除了这一块蛋糕以外，你可以吃任何一块蛋糕”；besides（排斥）除……之外（还有）”；except for表示“除了，将……除外”时，后面通常跟的是整体的一部分和一方面，是对细节的修正，例如：I can answer all the questions except this one. 表示“除了最后一道题以外，我可以回答所有的题”；in addition to表示“除……之外还”，通常用于补充。

2008年四川大学英语专业（基础英语）真题试卷及答案一、完形填空0 It is acknowledged that the modern musical show is America's most original and dynamic contribution toward theater. In the last quarter of a century, America has produced large【C1】______of musical plays that have been popular abroad【C2】______at home. 【C3】______. it is very difficult to explain【C4】______is new or 【C5】______American about them, for the【C6】______are centuries old.Perhaps the uniqueness of America's contribution to the【C7】______can best be characterized through brief descriptions of several of the most important andbest-known musicals, one of these is surely Oklahoma by Richard Rogers and Oscar Hamerstein. It burst【C8】______popularity in 1943, Broadway audience and critics were【C9】______by its【C10】______. vitality and excitement. This "new" type of musical was【C11】______as kind of【C12】______theater in which the play, the music and lyrics, the dancing, and the scenic background were assembled not merely to provide entertainment and【C13】______. but to【C14】______in a single unifying whole to contribute its unique feature. 【C15】______. it meant that the songs and dances should【C16】______naturally out of the situations of the story and play an important part in carrying the action【C17】______. In Oklahoma, an American folk-dance style was organically combined with classical ballet and modern dance. It is right to say that the musical was a brilliantly integrated performance by the talented dancers and singing actors.Oklahoma also marked a new【C18】______in the choice of story on which a musical is based. Writers and composers began to abandon the sentimentally picturesque or aristocratic setting【C19】______more realistic stories in authentic social and cultural【C20】______. Oklahoma was based on a "folk" whose story dealt not only with young love but also with the opening of the American West.1 【C1】（A）number（C）quantity （D）numbers2 【C2】（A）better （B）instead of （C）as well as （D）rather than 3 【C3】（A）Therefore （B）Yet（C）Moreover （D）Thus4 【C4】（A）which（B）that（D）how5 【C5】（A）characteristically （B）particularly（C）mainly（D）exactly6 【C6】（A）factors（B）ingredients（C）composers（D）facts7 【C7】（A）trait（B）feature（C）genre8 【C8】（A）with（B）into（C）out into （D）in9 【C9】（A）struck （B）touched （C）moved（D）hit10 【C10】（A）vivacity （B）originality （C）creativity （D）dynamic（A）conceived （B）thought （C）believed （D）perceived 12 【C12】（A）special （B）peculiar （C）gross （D）total13 【C13】（A）variety （B）amusement （C）sundries （D）fun14 【C14】（B）join（C）put（D）share15 【C15】（A）In other words （B）sum up（C）On the contrary （D）Generally speaking 16 【C16】（A）arise（B）derive（C）raise（D）originate17 【C17】（A）out（C）forward（D）through18 【C18】（A）direction （B）way（C）method（D）epoch19 【C19】（A）for（B）with（C）without（D）except20 【C20】（A）circumstances （B）context（C）situation（D）surrounding二、阅读理解20 If you had asked me then if I would accept a job as a restaurant criticfor The New Times, or any established publication, I would have replied, without a second thought, "Of course not!" And not just because I did not want to think of myself as an ambitious sort. Working in restaurants was honest labor anyone could see that. Writing about for the mainstream press was not; it felt like joining the enemy.But reviewing was fun, so much fun that when mainstream publishers started paying me for my opinions, I didn't do the decent thing. Before I knew it, I had stopped cooking professionally. Then I stopped cooking altogether. "She's joined the leisure class," my friends said.I disarmed my critics by inviting them along; nobody I knew could afford to eat out and nobody refused. We went with equal amounts of guilt and pleasure, with a feeling that we were trespassing on the playgrounds of the rich.We didn't belong in those starchy restaurants. We always got the worst table. And then, because I didn't own a credit card, I had to pay in cash. The year turned into two, and three, and more. I got a credit card. I got good clothes. I was writing for increasingly' prestigious. Meanwhile, a voice inside me kept whispering, "How could you?"When I receive weekly letters from people who think it is indecent to write about $ 100 meals while half the world is hungry, the voice yacks right along. "They're absolutely right," it whispers. And when it asks, "When are you going to grow up and get a real job?" It sounds a lot like my mother.And just about then is when I tell the voice to shut up. Because when my mother starts telling me that all I'm doing with my life is telling rich people where to eat, I realize how much the world has changed.Yes, there are still restaurants where rich people go to remind themselvesthat they are different from you and me. But there are fewer and fewer of them. As American food has come of age, American restaurants have changed. Going out to eat used to be like going to the opera today, it is more like going the movies.21 Why would the author have refused to accept the job as a restaurant critic if people had asked her then?（A）Because she was ambitious.（B）Because she didn't think highly of the job.（C）Because she didn't think well of the job as a cook.（D）Because she didn't want to criticize anyone.22 The word "decent" in do the decent thing in paragraph 2 is closest in meaning to______.（A）very profitable（B）morally acceptable（C）fairly attractive（D）very pleasant23 In Paragraph 4, by "The year turned into two, three and more," the author means that______.（A）she went on and on working in restaurants（B）she lived a luxurious life for many years（C）she kept working for publications until she got a credit card（D）she went on and on Writing as a restaurants critic24 Which of the following can be inferred from the last paragraph?（A）Most American can't afford to eat out.（B）American food has remained unchanged.（C）American like going to the movies.（D）Food in most American restaurants is cheap.25 Which of the following can be concluded from this article?（A）Cooks are respected in the U.S.（B）The author was once a cook.（C）Rich people like going to the theatre.（D）Restaurants critics all feel guilty.25 The British psychoanalyst John Bowlby maintains that separation from the parents during the sensitive "attachment" period from birth to three may scar a child's personality and predispose to emotional problems in later life. Some people have drawn the conclusion from Bowlby's work that children should not be subjected to day care before the age of three because of the parental separationit entails, and many people do believe this. But there are also arguments against such a strong conclusion.Firstly, anthropologists point out that the insulated love affair between children and parents found in modern societies does not usually exist intraditional societies. For example, in some tribal societies, such as the Ngoin, the father and mother of a child did not rear their infant alone—far from it. Secondly, common sense tells us that day care would not be so widespread today if parents, caretakers found children had problems with it. Statistical studies of this kind have not yet been carried out, and even if they were, the result would be certain to be complicated and controversial. Thirdly, in the last decade there have been a number of careful American studies of children in day care, but tests that have had to be used to measure this development are not widely enough accepted to settle the issue.But Bowlby's analysis raises the possibility that early day care has delayed effects. The possibility that such care might lead to, say, more mental illness or crime 15 or 20 years later can only be explored by the use of statistics. Whatever the long-term effects, parents sometimes find the immediate effects difficult to deal with. Children under three are likely to protest at leaving their parents and show unhappiness. At the age of three or three and a half almost all children find the transition to nursery easy, and this is undoubtedly why more and more parents make use of child care at this time. The matter. Then, is far from clear-out, though experience and available evidence indicate that early care is reasonablefor infants.26 Which of the following statements would Bowlby support?（A）Statistical studies should be carried out to assess the positive effect of day care for children at the age of three or older.（B）Early day care can delay the occurrence of mental illness in children.（C）The first three years of one's life is extremely important to the later development of personality.（D）Children under three get used to the life at nursery schools more readily than children over three.27 Which of the following is derivable from Bowlby's work?（A）Mothers should not send their children to day care centers before the age of three.（B）Day care nurseries have positive effects on a child's development.（C）A child sent to a day care center before the age of three may have emotional problem in later life.（D）Day care would not be so popular if it has noticeable negative effects on a child's personality.28 It is suggested that modern societies differ from traditional societies in that______.（A）the parents-child relationship is more exclusive in modern societies（B）a child sent to a day care center before the age of three may have emotional problem in later life.（C）mother bring up children with the help of her husband in traditional societies（D）children in modern societies are more likely to develop mental illness in later years29 Which of the following statements in NOT an argument against Bowlby's theory?（A）Many studies show that day care has a positive effect on children's development.（B）The fact that there are so many nursery schools today shows that day care is safe.（C）The separation of young children from their parents is common in some traditional societies.（D）Parents find the immediate effects of early day care difficult to deal with.30 Which of the following best expresses the writer's attitude towards early day care?（A）Children under three should stay with their parents.（B）Early day care has positive effects on children's development.（C）The issue is controversial and its settlement calls for the use of statistics.（D）The effects of early day care on children are exaggerated and parents should ignore the issue.30 Science is a dominant theme in our culture. Since it touches almost facetof our life, educated people need at least some acquaintance with its structureand operation. They should also have an understanding of the subculture in which scientists live and the kinds of people they are. An understanding of general characteristics of science as well as specific scientific concepts is easier toattain of one knows something about the things that excite and frustrate the scientist.This book is written for the intelligent student of lay person whose acquaintance with science is superficial; for the person who has been presented with science as a musty storehouse of dried facts; for the person who has been presented with science as the production of gadgets; and for the person who views the scientists as some sort of magician. The book can be used to supplement a course in any science, to accompany any course that attempts to give an understanding of the modern world, or independently of any course—simply to provide a better understanding of science. We hope this book will lead readers to a broader perspective on scientific attitudes and a more realistic view of what science is, who scientists are, and what they do. It will give them an awareness and understanding of the relationship between science and our culture and an appreciation of the roles science may play in our culture. In addition, readers may learn to appreciate the relationship between scientific views and some of the values and philosophies that are pervasive in our culture.We have tried to present in this book an accurate and up-to-date picture of the scientific community and the people who populated it. That population has in recent years come to comprise more and more women. This increasing role of womenin the scientific subculture is not a unique incident but, rather, part of the trend evident in all segments of society as more women enter traditionally male-dominated fields and make significant contributions. In discussing these changes and contribution, however, we are faced with a language that is implicitly sexist, one that uses male nouns or pronouns in referring to unspecified individuals. To offset this built-in bias, we have adopted the policy of using plural nouns and pronouns whenever possible and, when absolutely necessary, alternating he and she. This policy is far from being ideal, but it is at least an acknowledgment of the inadequacy of our language in treating half of the human equally.We have also tried to make the book entertaining as well as informative. Our approach is usually informal. We feel, as do many other scientists, that we shouldn't take ourselves too seriously. As the reader may observe, we see science as a delightful pastime than as a grim and dreary way to earn a living.31 According to the passage, "scientific subculture" means______.（A）cultural groups that are formed by scientists（B）people whose knowledge of science is very limited（C）the scientific community（D）people who make good contribution to science32 We need to know something about the structure and operation of science because______.（A）it is not easy to understand the things that excite and frustrate science（B）science affects almost every aspect of our life（C）scientists live in a specific substructure（D）it is easier to understand general characteristics of science33 The book mentioned in this passage is written for readers who______.（A）long for deeper understanding of science（B）are good at producing various gadgets（C）work in a storehouse of dried facts（D）are interested in popular science34 According to this passage,______.（A）English is a sexist language（B）only on this scientific world is the role of women increasing rapidly（C）women are making significant contributions to eliminating the inadequacy of our language（D）male nouns or pronouns should not used to refer to scientists35 This passage most probably is______.（A）a book review（B）the preface of a book（C）the post script of a book（D）the concluding part of a book三、英译汉36 Translate the following passages into Chinese. Each translated passage will account for 15 points. Give the number of the passage on your ANSWER SHEET.A man only begins to be a man when he ceases to whine his adverse conditions, and commences to search for the hidden justice which regulates his life. And as he adapts his mind to that regulating factor, he ceases to accuse others as the cause of his condition, and builds himself up in sound and noble thoughts; ceases to kick against circumstances, but begins to use them as aids to his more rapid progress, and as a means of discovering the hidden power and possibilities within himself.37 The first night on the ice had been torture. The second was nightmare. Men lost their reason, began seeing visions, hearing voices. Some sank into mindless torpor; others went raving mad before death. That many continued to survive was incredible, but the will to live still burned fiercely in those still staggering around the ice-floes under the frosty moon. They reeled and weaved in a ghostly dance. The only indication they gave that their minds were still alive was when they emitted an occasional croak of encouragement to one another. For the most part they ignored the dead and dying, stepping over or shuffling around them as though they were lumps of ice.四、汉译英38 Translate the following passage into English：中国传统文化既是中华民族悠久历史的结晶，也是中华民族对于全人类的伟大贡献。

一、完形填空1 【正确答案】 D【试题解析】此题主要考查数量number，amount，quantity的固定搭配。

a large／considerable number of或numbers of接可数名词复数，在肯定句中可代替many；a large amount of通常与不可数名词连用；alarge／vast／small quantity或quantities of既可接可数名词，也可接不可数名词。

考生要特别注意文中此句没有不定冠词，故正确答案是D。

2 【正确答案】 C【试题解析】better than“比……更好”；instead of“而不是……，代替……”；as well as“和，以及”；rather than“与其……倒不如”。

从下一句中的difficult to explain what is new or characteristicallyAmerican about them，可推测出此处句意为“……在国内外都很流行”。

故正确答案为C。

3 【正确答案】 B【试题解析】此题主要考查对句子间连贯性的理解和过渡词的正确运用。

therefor e“因此，因而”，通常用于表示因果的逻辑关系中；yet“然而”，表转折关系的连接词；moreover“再者，此外”；thus“从而”，同therefore，但比therefore 正式。

空格前一句是说美国创作了流行国内外的音乐剧，其后一句则指出难以阐释音乐剧的新颖之处及美国的特色何在。

很明显，两句间具有转折的关系。

因而，正确答案为B。

4 【正确答案】 C【试题解析】此处是对从句中关联词的考查。

which：用于选择两者或多者；that：前面应该有先行词；what除具有其疑问意义，即“什么”外，还有陈述意义，表示(所)……的(东西／事情)；how用于询问方法、途径。

根据句意，应选C。

5 【正确答案】 A【试题解析】由下一段第一句话中的“uniqueness”可以推测出本题所表达的意思是“具有美国特征”。