essay常用Academic词汇

考研英语作文常用词汇Certainly! Here's a list of commonly used vocabulary for postgraduate entrance English exams, often referred to as the "Gao Kao" for postgraduate studies in China:1. Academic Achievement - 学术成就2. Innovation - 创新3. Globalization - 全球化4. Economic Development - 经济发展5. Environmental Protection - 环境保护6. Cultural Diversity - 文化多样性7. Technological Advancement - 技术进步8. Social Progress - 社会进步9. Educational Reform - 教育改革10. Health Issues - 健康问题11. Ethical Dilemmas - 道德困境12. Sustainable Development - 可持续发展13. Cultural Heritage - 文化遗产14. Urbanization - 城市化15. Quality of Life - 生活质量16. Economic Growth - 经济增长17. Poverty Alleviation - 扶贫18. Public Policy - 公共政策19. Social Justice - 社会正义20. Civic Responsibility - 公民责任21. Employment Opportunities - 就业机会22. Income Disparity - 收入差距23. Educational Inequality - 教育不平等24. Technological Innovation - 技术创新25. Cybersecurity - 网络安全26. Climate Change - 气候变化27. Ecosystem - 生态系统28. Biodiversity - 生物多样性29. Resource Management - 资源管理30. Global Health - 全球健康When writing essays for the postgraduate entrance English exam, it's important to not only know these terms but also to understand how to use them in context. This includes being able to form sentences that discuss these topics in a nuanced and sophisticated manner, which is often expected in academic writing.。

【essay】常用academic词汇1.增补(Addition)in addition另外, furthermore此外, again, also, besides, moreover此外, similarly, finally 最后2.比较(Comparison)in the same way, likewise同样地, similarly, equally, in comparison比较起来, just as同样地3.对照(Contrast)whereas然而, in contrast与此相反, on the other hand, instead同样, however然而, nevertheless然而, unlike, even though即使, on the contrary, while4.因果(Cause and effect)because, because of, for, since, due to, owing to, thanks to, as a result(of), accordingly, hence, so, thus5.强调(Emphasis)certainly, above all, indeed, of course, surely, actually, as a matter of fact, chiefly, especially, primarily, in particular, undoubtedly, absolutely, most imprtant6.让步(Concession)although, though, after all, in spite of, nevertheless, still, provided, while it is true....7.例证(Exemplification)for example, for instance, that is, namely, such as, in other words, in this case, by way of illustration.8.总结(Conclusion)to sum up, to conclude, in a word, in short, in brief, all in all, in all, to put it in a nutshell, in summary9.推断(Inference)therefore, as a result(of), consequently, accordingly, so, otherwise10.时间和空间(Time and space)afterward, after, first, later, then, soon, outside, near, beyound, above, below, on the right(left), in the middle, opposite, in front of11.启承转合1)、启A proverb says...... At present.......As the proverb says.... Currently.....Generally speaking, .... Now,....In general, ..... On the Whole....It is clear that.... Recently.....It is often said that.... Without doubt, .......2)、承First(of all), ...... Moreover, .........Firstly, ............ No one can deny that....In the first place, .........To begin with, ......... Of course, .........Also, ....... Similarly,.........At the same time...... Therefore, we should realize that.....Certainly...... There is no doubt that.......In addition,..... What`s more, ..........In fact........ It can be easily proved that...Meanwhile......3)、转But... Still, ......But the problem is not so simple...There is a certain amount of truth in this, but we still have a problem with regard to....... However,....... To our surprise,..........Nevertheless, ........ Unfortunately.......On the other hand, .......Yet difference will be found and that is why I feel that........Others may find this to be true, but I do not. I think.....4)、合Above all, In brief, ........Accordingly, ..... In conclusion, ........All in all, .......In other words, it is hard to escape the conclusion that........As a consequence, ......... In short, .........As I have shown/said/stated/.... In sum, ........In summary, ....... As has been noted, ....Obviously, ......... By so doing, .....On the whole, ..... Consequently, ........Presumably, ....... Eventually, .........To conclude, ...... Finally, ........To sum up, ..... In a word, ......To summarize, ......1.individuals,characters替换(people ,persons)2.positive, favorable, rosy (美好的)，promising(有希望的)，perfect, pleasurable , excellent, outstanding, superior替换good3。

雅思写作大作文常用必备词汇A 教育类1. subject 科目（history历史；science科学；arts艺术）2. humanities 人文学科3. social sciences 社会学科（economics经济学, sociology社会学, psychology心理学, law法律等）4. natural sciences自然学科（chemistry化学，physics物理，biology生物等）5. basic sciences基础学科6. applied sciences应用学科7. distance education远程教育8. compulsory course必修课9. optional course选修课10. credits学分11. awareness意识（promote our awareness of…提高对…的意识）12. creative有创造性的13. original新颖的，原创的14. physical身体上的，生理上的15. emotional情感上的16. psychological心理上的17. peers同龄人18. motivation动力（highly motivated students有很强动力的学生）19. stimulating令人激动的20. acquire获取（acquire knowledge学习知识）21. practical实际的22. philosophical哲学的，抽象的（Nowadays many people prefer more practical subjects such as maths and physics to philosophical subjects such as history and arts.）23. develop培养（develop a sense of responsibility培养责任感）24. versatile全面发展的，多才多艺的25. theoretical knowledge理论知识26. draw inspiration获取灵感27. teaching method教学方法28. job skills就业技能29. expectation期望30.ambition志向31. competitive竞争激烈的32. self-esteem自尊33. think independently独立地思考34. think critically批判地思考35. evaluate评价36. feedback反馈37. sense of frustration挫败感38. a positive attitude toward life积极的人生态度B 科技类1.breakthrough突破2.advance进展，发展（scientific advances科技进步）3.advanced高级的4.potential潜在的5.available可以得到的；可以使用的6.enhance提升（enhance our awareness of…增强对…的意识）7.productivity生产力8.beneficial有益的9.positive积极的10.negative消极的11.double-edged sword双刃剑bor-consuming费力的13.time-consuming耗时的bor-intensive industry劳动密集型产业rmation explosion信息爆炸16.virtual classroom虚拟教室17.online fraud网络诈骗18.artificial intelligence（AI）人工智能19.alternative替换的，另一种的，不同的20.industrial revolution工业革命21.automation自动化22.considerably boost industrial efficiency极大地提高工作效率23.pervasive application广泛应用24.unreasonably high unemployment rate过高的失业率25.social dissatisfaction社会不满26.increase burden on the government提高政府的负担27.social welfare社会福利28.non-renewable fossil fuels不可再生的化石燃料29.hi-tech library高科技图书馆30.facility设施31.multimedia facility多媒体设备32.storage capacity储存容量33.improve working efficiency (time-conserving)提高工作效率（省时的）34.bring conve nience to people’s life给人们生活带来便利35.facilitate communication方便沟通交流36.entertainment / recreation, enrich people’s life娱乐，丰富生活ck face to face communication面对面交流变少38.infringe people’s privacy侵犯隐私39.intense radiation（failing eyesight, health hazard）强辐射（视力衰退，危害健康）40.promote / boost economic development促进经济发展41.improve people’s living standard提高人们生活水平42.provide opportunities of employment增加就业机会43.have access to all kinds of information接触各种各样的信息44.be flooded with negative information (pornography and violence)不良信息泛滥（色情与暴力）45.security (cyber crime)安全问题（网络犯罪）C 旅游类1.culture shock文化冲击2.explore探索；研究（explore the foreign culture探索外国文化；explore this problem研究这个问题）3.conflict冲突4.discord / dissension争端5.prejudice偏见（overcome the prejudices克服偏见）6.exotic异族的；异国风味的7.first-hand experience一手经验；亲身体验8.refreshing提神的9.tourist attractions / tourist spots / places of interest旅游景点10.expand one’s vision / horizons开阔眼界11.Tourists can interact with locals.游客可以和当地人互动12.promote cultural communication促进文化交流13.mutual understanding相互了解14.seclude / isolate the tourists from the locals把游客和当地人隔离15.tourist trap欺骗游客的手段D 媒介类1.popular流行的；受欢迎的2.objective客观的3.be biased against…对…有偏见（Today many people are biased against subjects such as history and arts.）4.celebrity名人5.journalist记者6.propaganda宣传7.right to know知情权8.popularity知名度9.cover报道（=report）10.misleading误导的（misleading report误导性报道）11.cheating欺骗性的12.trustworthy值得信任的rmative信息量很大的14.entertaining娱乐性质的15.responsible负责任的；有责任心的16.rising star新星17.advertising广告mercial电视广告19.audience ratings收视率20.current affairs时事21.have access to…可以获取或使用…22.exaggerate夸大23.insight洞察力24.sensational轰动的25.prevalent普遍的，流行的26.imperative重要的，必要的27.be abducted by受…的诱导28.purify one’s soul净化心灵29.meet different tastes满足不同口味30.invade one’s privacy侵犯某人的隐私31.provide sb. with sth.给某人提供某物32.follow the fashion blindly盲目地追逐时尚33.be inconceivable to sb.对某人来说是难以想象的34.impressive给人印象深刻的35.in the disguise of…打着…的幌子36.endanger social stability and safety危害社会稳定和安全37.live in virtual world生活在一个虚拟世界中38.be a great comfort to sb.对某人来说是一个巨大的安慰E 政府类1.alleviate减轻，缓和2.authorities当局；主管部门3.impose强加于（Government should impose high tax on high-fat food products, tobacco and alcohol.）4.democratic民主的5.efficient有效率的6.enact颁布（to enact laws to bring the crime under control）7.sensible policy明智的政策8. a long-term solution长远的解决方案9.eventually最后，终于，从长远看10.give priority to…优先处理…11.unemployment rate失业率12.be indifferent to…对…漠不关心的13.means of transport交通工具14.urbanization城市化15.rewarding有回报的16.flexible灵活的mit a crime犯罪18.arbitration调停19.deadlock僵局20.embargo禁运21.summit conference首脑会议，峰会22.abstain from voting弃权23.air of tension紧张气氛24.amendment修正案25.briefing meeting简要新闻发布会26.face-to-face talk会晤，面晤27.long-standing issue由来已久的问题28.poverty-stricken area 贫困地区29.highly-sophisticated technology尖端技术30.conspiracy阴谋31.imprisonment监禁32.release释放33.pardon特赦34.accusation谴责，指控35.welfare福利36.radical激进的37.overturning颠覆性的38.independent独立的39.breathtaking激动人心的F 性别类1.equality平等2.gender equality男女平等，性别平等3.gender discrimination性别歧视4.stereotype刻板印象，思维定势（stereotype image of a woman）5.feminism女性主义6.household chores家务活7.physical strength身体的力量8.intellectual智力的9.liberation解放10.job market工作市场G 家庭类1.family members家庭成员2.family tree家谱3.relations, relatives, kinfolk, kin亲属4.my people我家人5.next of kin近亲6.family life家庭生活7.spoil溺爱munity社区9.generation gap代沟10.harmony和谐11.protective保护性的12.excessive过多的13.a single-parent family单亲家庭14.a broken family破裂的家庭15.domestic violence家庭暴力16.emotional refuge情感避难所17.life expectancy人口平均寿命18.caste社会地位19.generation代20.branch支，系21.tribe部族，部落22.clan氏族23.race, breed种族24.lineage宗族，世系25.stock门第，血统26.of noble birth贵族出身27.of humble birth平民出身28.dynasty朝代29.origin出身30.ancestry祖先，先辈31.ancestors, forebears, forefathers祖先32.extraction家世33.descent后代，后辈34.descendants后代，晚辈35.progeny后裔36.succession继承37.consanguinity, blood relationship血缘38.kinsmen by blood血亲39.affinity姻亲关系，嫡戚关系40.kinsmen by affinity姻亲H 社会类1.put forward valuable suggestions提出宝贵建议2.play a major role in easing traffic在缓解交通压力上扮演了重要角色3.participate in reconstruction of the city参与城市重建4.raise the environmental management level提高环境管理水平5.create a pleasant ecological environment创造出一种和谐的生态环境6.give priority to优先关注7.catch much attention引起很大关注8.resource allocation资源配置9.perfect the construction of urban infrastructure完善城市基础设施建设10.reduce the number of vehicles减少车辆11.water scarcity水短缺12.the environmental pollution环境污染13.over-industrialization过度工业化14.over-crowdedness过度拥挤15.unemployment失业16.wealth distribution财富分配17.social instability社会动荡18.urban construction城市建设19.population explosion人口激增20.drain of energy and resources能源和资源消耗21.offer more job opportunities提供更多的就业机会22.a rapid pace of life快节奏生活23.stress-related illnesses与压力有关的疾病24.high cost of living高额生活费用25.pastoral life田园生活26.class polarization 阶级两级分化27.social welfare社会福利28.give special care to…给予…特殊关照29.urban sprawl城市扩张30.convenient transport means便捷的交通工具31.better medical services更好的医疗服务32.pressure of modern life in city现代城市生活压力33.be vulnerable to…易于患上…34.melting pot熔炉35.on the brink of…处于…的边缘36.pollutant污染性物质37.waste disposal废物处理38.put the blame on…归咎于…39.be attributable to…归因于…40.ways of consumption消费方式41.suffer heavy losses遭受重大损失42.citizen居民43.be confronted with…面临着…44.vicious cycle恶性循环45.a feasible measure一种可行的措施46.city planners城市规划者I 犯罪类1.crime (murder, theft, robbery, bribery)罪行（谋杀，偷盗，抢劫，贿赂）mit a crime犯罪3.criminal罪犯4.victim受害者5.violate the law违法6.consequence后果7.youngster年轻人8.teenager青少年9.juvenile crime青少年犯罪10.punishment惩罚11.capital punishment死刑12.life imprisonment无期徒刑；终身监禁w-abiding citizens守法公民14.benefit from…从…中受益15.a rising crime rate犯罪率上升16.breed crimes滋生犯罪17.put the blame on…归咎于…J 动物类1.endangered species濒危动物2.on the verge of extinction处于灭绝边缘3.become extinct灭绝的panion伴侣5.harmonious和谐的6.co-exist / coexistence共存7.animal rights动物权益8.animal rights activists动物权益保护主义9.artificial人造的10.food chain食物链11.afford their masters consolation and comfort给主人心理安慰12.replacements / substitutes / alternatives替代boratory实验室14.vaccine疫苗15.animal experiments动物实验16.medical research医学研究17.vivisection活体解剖18.anesthetic麻醉19.alleviate / ease animals’ pain减轻动物的痛苦20.extremist极端主义者21.be brought to justice被绳之以法22.cruel / merciless / inhuman / callous / brutal残忍的23.poaching偷猎24.perform experiments on animals在动物身上做试验25.test animals用于实验的动物26.be subjected to experiments被迫接受试验27.clinical research临床研究28.medical research医学研究29.origin of species物种起源30.diversity of species物种多样性31.biological diversity生物多样性32.equilibrium of ecosystem生态平衡33.shameless无耻的34.barbaric野蛮的35.live and let live与万物共存36.dominant species优势物种37.infringement践踏38.right to live生存权39.torture折磨40.anti-science反科学的41.life-threatening diseases危及生命的疾病42.scientific gains科学成果43.evolution进化puter simulation电脑模拟45.groundless没有理由的46.humane人道的47.medical technology医疗技术48.anatomy解剖49.equal公平的50.unreliable不可信赖的51.valid有效的，正当的52.be convicted of被判有…罪，宣布有罪K 环境类1.disposable一次性的2.pollute污染3.consume消费4.shortage短缺5.recycle循环利用6.sustainable development可持续发展7.exploit开发，利用8.ecosystem生态系统9.ecological balance生态平衡10.environmentalist生态主义者11.deforestation砍伐森林12.renewable energy可再生能源13.alternative energy替换能源14.chain reaction连锁反应15.the greenhouse effect温室效应16.over-grazing过度放牧17.desertification沙漠化18.industrial waste工业废料19.acid rain酸雨20.chemical plant化工厂21.destroy the ozone layer破坏臭氧层22.endanger existing species危害现存物种23.set up a foundation建立一笔基金24.appeal to the government向政府呼吁25.adopt several strong measures采取一些强有力的措施26.raise people’s awareness of the environment提高人们的环境意识27.deterioration of the ecology生态恶化28.break the ecological balance破坏生态平衡29.enhance the quality of life提高生活质量30.for the future generations / for our descendants为了子孙后代31.bring about a lot of losses / disasters造成巨大损失/ 灾难32.pursue one’s short-term interest追求眼前利益L 工作/ 生活类1.ambitious雄心壮志的，野心勃勃的2.adaptability适应性3.adapt oneself to…使自己适应…4.prosperity繁荣5.be disadvantageous to…对…不利6.flow of personnel人才流动7.mechanism of personnel flow人才流动机制8.survival of the fittest适者生存9. a sense of accomplishment成就感10.potentiality潜能11.learn to cooperate and comprise学习合作和妥协12.be deeply impressed with…对…印象很深pany philosophy企业文化14.flexibility灵活性15.arena舞台16.team-work spirit团队合作精神17.treasure opportunity珍惜机会18.a fat salary收入颇丰19.a harmonious interpersonal relationship和谐的人际关系20.a sense of responsibility责任感21.material gains物质待遇22.promising future光明的前途23.bright prospect光明的前景24.a challenging job一份句有挑战性的工作25.turning point转折点26.be closely related to…与…息息相关27.get advanced in society出人头地28.a decent job一份体面的工作29.chance of promotion升职机会30.stability and satisfaction稳定感和满足感31.keep skills fresh and up-to-date使技能可以不断更新32.expand one’s horizons开阔视野33.balance work and life平衡工作和生活34.from-nine-to-five朝九晚五一族35.shoulder / undertake one’s responsibilities承担起自己的责任36.upgrade oneself提升自我37.a well-paid job高收入工作38.creative work创造性工作39.stand up to / meet the challenge迎接挑战40.realize the value of life实现人生价值41.enrich one’s social experience丰富一个人的社会阅历42.cultivate one’s independence and toughness培养自己的独立性和坚韧性43.seek for personal development追求个人发展44.display one’s talent展示才能45.a sense of self-fulfillment自我实现感46.promotion opportunity提升机会47.meet one’s personalized needs满足某人个性化需求48.define one’s role确定自己的角色49.social recognition社会认可50.accumulate experience积攒经验51.inspiring鼓舞人心的52.motivation动机53.workaholic工作狂54.working environment工作环境55.work overtime加班56.improve one’s capabilities提高某人能力57.deve lop one’s talents培养才智58.ideal workplace理想工作场所59.master interpersonal skills掌握人际交往技能M 文化语言类1.preserve保存，保护2.ancestor祖先3.cultural heritage文化遗产4.cultural diversity文化多样性5.cultural conflict文化冲突6.tradition传统7.cultural relics / sites文化遗迹8.custom习俗9.carry / pass down from generation to generation代代相传10.conservative保守的11.cling to old ideas守旧12.universal language世界语言，通用语言13.means of communication交流工具14.develop linguistic skills培养语言技能15.cultivate logical thinking培养逻辑思维16.obscure晦涩难懂的17.cultural insights文化视角18.linguistically diverse语言多样性19.diversity and inclusiveness多样性和包容性20.distinct culture独特的文化21.culture gap文化差异22.national identity民族特色23.quintessence精粹24.an essence of immortality永恒的精髓25.multicultural多文化的26.break with old traditions打破传统十大增分小词1.perhaps / probably也许，或许2.yet仍然，还，但是3.hardly几乎不4.certainly当然5.even甚至6.just / merely仅仅，只是7.also也8.by doing…通过做…9.quite相当10.around大约十大增分形容词/ 副词1.specifically具体地说2.virtually几乎3.obviously很明显4.increasingly越来越5.accordingly相应地6.eventually最后，终于7.consequently结果，因此8.undoubtedly毫无疑问地rgely在很大程度上10.partly部分地十大增分连接词1.for the sake of…因为…的缘故2.in terms o f…在…方面3.likewise / similarly / by the same token同理4.in spite of虽然，尽管5.as well as以及6.regardless of…不管7.as a result所以，因此8.in addition to…除…之外9.like / unlike像/不像…一样10.in regards to就…来说十大增分词组1.benefit from从…受益2.have access to…可以使用…3.provide sth. for sb. / provide sb. with sth.为…提供…4.find something adj.发现…5.gain a better understanding of…更好地理解…6.on the rise / decline在上升/下降7.in conclusion总之8.from this perspective从这个角度9.be likely to do …可能做…10.take measures to do sth.采取措施做…。

高中英语作文必备单词1. Academic - 学术的2. Adapt - 适应3. Advocate - 提倡4. Ambition - 雄心5. Analyze - 分析6. Approach - 方法7. Argument - 争论8. Assess - 评估9. Benefit - 好处10. Challenge - 挑战11. Circumstance - 环境12. Collaborate - 合作13. Consequence - 结果14. Contribute - 贡献15. Cultivate - 培养16. Demonstrate - 展示17. Diversity - 多样性18. Economic - 经济的19. Efficiency - 效率20. Emotion - 情感21. Empathy - 同情22. Enhance - 增强23. Evaluate - 评价24. Evolve - 演变25. Exploit - 开发26. Facilitate - 促进27. Glimpse - 一瞥28. Harmony - 和谐29. Hypothesis - 假设30. Innovate - 创新31. Inquiry - 调查32. Integrity - 正直33. Interact - 互动34. Investigate - 调查35. Justify - 证明36. Legacy - 遗产37. Manifest - 显现38. Motivate - 激励39. Negotiate - 谈判40. Optimize - 优化41. Perspective - 视角42. Pioneer - 先锋43. Precaution - 预防44. Preserve - 保护45. Profound - 深刻的46. Propose - 提出47. Qualify - 使有资格48. Question - 问题49. Rational - 理性的50. Reflect - 反映51. Reveal - 揭示52. Sacrifice - 牺牲53. Simplify - 简化54. Skeptical - 怀疑的55. Solve - 解决56. Sustain - 维持57. Tackle - 处理58. Tolerance - 容忍59. Transform - 转变60. Transmit - 传输61. Understand - 理解62. Unify - 统一63. Utilize - 利用64. Validate - 验证65. Virtue - 美德66. Vision - 视野67. Yield - 产出这些单词覆盖了从学术到个人发展等多个领域，可以帮助高中生在英语作文中更准确地表达自己的观点和想法。

英语学术论文常用词汇与短语差别：gaps between, differentiate between, discrepancies，no intergroup difference存在，出现：occurred, occurrence ,existed, existence, presence, present多数，少数：the overwhelming majority of, in the majority of cases ，a marked majority, handful 方法：approaches, avenues, methods, techniques, means, tools发生率：Incidence, frequency, prevalence发现，阐明，报道，证实：verify, confirm, elucidate, identify, define, characterize, clarify, establish, ascertain, explain, observ e, illuminate, illustrate，demonstrate, show, indicate, exhibit, presented, reveal, display, manifest，suggest, propose, estimate, prove, imply, disclose，report, describe，facilitate the identification of ，screening ，isolation改变：change, alteration高，增加：high, enhanced, elevated, increased, forced降，少，缺：decrease, reduction, reduced, diminish, loss, suppression, deficient, low, weak, faint, light, absenc e, absent, undetectable, lack ,defective, negative, poor,impaired, greatly reduced or completely absent, frequently lost or down-expressed各种，多种：in multiple types of, in various types of, in a variety of关系，相关，参与：closely involved in, associated广泛的：in an extensive survey执行：perform, carry out角色，起作用：role, part （limited, potential, early, possible role）可能性：feasibility密切地：intimately难理解的，似谜的：enigmatic (x remains enigmatic)潜在假定的：potential, candidate, putative缩写：abbreviations识别，辨别：discernment提供，帮助：provide, supply, help (to), contribute to, offer, allow, dedicate, devote, assist in调节（失调，上调，下调）：dis-regulation, dys-regulation, up-regulation, up-expression, over-expression, down-expression, down-regulation推测： presume,speculate ,confer, conjecture ,guess, deduce，deduction显著,优先的:prominent, pronounced, obvious, marked, predominant, strong, striking ,notable, Conspicuously, re markably，significant, preferential, prevalence, prevalent相同，同等并列：with a similar pattern to协同，加强：synergize with研究:analysis, survey, study, research, investigation, experiments, trial, observations, assessment, inqui ry, examinations ,pursue investigation into, analyze, detect, determinate, be focused on, measure, examine, test, assess, evaluate, explore一致：which is in accord with the results,which corroborated the results which supported the results优缺点：merits and drawbacks，beneficial and detrimental异常：aberration, abnormality重要：crucial, key, important, major, be of critical importance相反：On the contrary, In contrary,but quite on the contrary，in sharp contrast, contrary to what would be expected，Contrary to the expectation that 与一起：in combination with, coupled with由于、鉴于：In light of，In view that。

高中英语作文常用词汇1. Academic - 学术的2. Adapt - 适应3. Advocate - 提倡4. Ambition - 雄心5. Analyze - 分析6. Approach - 方法7. Argument - 论点8. Assess - 评估9. Attitude - 态度10. Behavior - 行为11. Challenge - 挑战12. Character - 性格13. Circumstance - 环境14. Cooperate - 合作15. Cultural - 文化的16. Democracy - 民主17. Depend - 依赖18. Develop - 发展19. Diversity - 多样性20. Efficiency - 效率21. Emotion - 情感22. Environment - 环境23. Ethics - 伦理24. Experience - 经验25. Freedom - 自由26. Global - 全球的27. Happiness - 幸福28. Habit - 习惯29. Honesty - 诚实30. Identity - 身份31. Influence - 影响32. Innovation - 创新33. Integrity - 正直34. Knowledge - 知识35. Leadership - 领导力36. Motivation - 动机37. Opportunity - 机会38. Performance - 表现39. Perspective - 视角40. Potential - 潜力41. Quality - 质量42. Responsibility - 责任43. Respect - 尊重44. Resource - 资源45. Skill - 技能46. Society - 社会47. Sustainable - 可持续的48. Technology - 技术49. Tradition - 传统50. Value - 价值这些词汇在高中英语作文中非常常见，它们可以帮助你更准确地表达你的观点和论点。

观点与立场：Opinion: 观点Argue: 争论Support: 支持Oppose: 反对Persuade: 说服优点与缺点：Advantage: 优点Disadvantage: 缺点Merit: 优点，价值Demerit: 缺点，过失原因与结果：Cause: 原因Effect: 影响，结果Consequence: 后果Result: 结果趋势与变化：Trend: 趋势Tendency: 倾向Change: 改变Shift: 转变影响与重要性：Impact: 影响Influence: 影响Significance: 重要性Vital: 至关重要的社会与文化：Society: 社会Culture: 文化Tradition: 传统Custom: 习俗科技与发展：Technology: 科技Advance: 进步Development: 发展Innovation: 创新教育与学习：Education: 教育Learning: 学习Knowledge: 知识Skill: 技能环境与自然资源：Environment: 环境Conservation: 保护Pollution: 污染Resource: 资源经济与金融：Economy: 经济Finance: 金融Budget: 预算Investment: 投资政策与法规：Policy: 政策Law: 法律Regulation: 规章Enforce: 执行健康与生活方式：Health: 健康Lifestyle: 生活方式Fitness: 健康状况Exercise: 锻炼媒体与信息：Media: 媒体Information: 信息Internet: 互联网News: 新闻情感与态度：Emotion: 情感Attitude: 态度Optimistic: 乐观的Pessimistic: 悲观的解决方法与措施：Solution: 解决方案Measure: 措施Step: 步骤Implement: 实施。

雅思写作高频词汇分类汇总1.advanced science 尖端科学2.scientific invention 科学发明3.exert a far-reaching impact on…对…产生一种深远的影响4.double-edged sword 双刃剑5.earth-shaking changes 翻天覆地的改变6.pay the way for the future development 为未来的发展铺平道路y a solid foundation for…为…打下良好的基础8.energy crisis 能源危机9.depletion of resources 能源消耗estone 里程碑11.sophisticated equipment 尖端设备12.technical innovation 科技创新13.expediency 权宜之计14.antithetical 与…背道而驰的15.over-commercialized 过渡商业化的16.a heated discussion 热烈的讨论17.exhaust gas 废气18.disastrous 灾难性的19.overshadow 使…相形见绌pared to/with…与…相比her in 引领22.speedy and comfortable 既快捷又舒适23.opposite forces 负面影响24.a fatal breakdown 致命故障25.potential hazards 潜在危险26.pose a threat to…对…有一种威胁27.promote relative industries 促进相关产业发展28.accelerate 加速…29.means of transportation 交通方式30.transportation tools 交通工具31.social status 社会地位32.environmentally-friendly resources 环保的能源33.make people’s life easier 使人们生活更方便34.alternative fuel 可替代燃料35.sustainable development 可持续性发展36.scientific exploration 科学探索37.air travel 航空旅行38.ridiculous 可笑的39.absurd 荒唐的40.substitute 取代41.overcome difficulties 克服困难42.make progress 取得进步43.a sense of national pride 民族自豪感44.unprecedented 前所未有的45.soaring 不断上升的46.give a great push to the economic growth 极大地推动了经济发展47.see dramatic breakthroughs 取得突破性进展48.aggravate 使恶化49.optimize 优化50.cure-all solution 万能良药1.cultural diversity 文化多元化2.cultural treasures 文化宝藏3.cross-cultural communication 跨文化交流4.cultural reconstruction 文化重建5.spiritual civilization 精神文明6.heritage 遗产7.achievements of art 艺术成就8.tear down 拆除9.humane historical sites 人文历史遗址10.preserve the cultural relics 保护文化遗产11.blueprint 蓝图12.skyscraper 摩天大楼13.high-rise office buildings 高层写字楼14.city construction 城市建设15.well-structured 结构良好的16.crystallization 结晶17.visual enjoyment 视觉享受18.driving force 驱动力19.reconstruct 重建20.destruct 破坏21.architectural industry 建筑工业22.map out 制定出23.city designing 城市设计24.beautify our life 美化我们的生活25.human civilization 人类文明26.cradle of culture 文化摇篮27.mainstream culture 主流文化28.cultural traditions 文化传统29.national pride 民族自豪30.local customs and practices 风土人情31.attract people’s eyes 吸引人们的眼球32.artistic taste 艺术品味33.cornerstone 基石34.be closely interrelated with…与…有密切关系35.adhere to the tradition 坚持传统36.architectural vandalism 破坏建筑行为37.carry forward …弘扬…38.cultural needs 文化需求39.reputation 声望40.maintain the world peace 维护世界和平41.artistic reflection 艺术反映42.give publicity to…宣传…43.burden 负担44.cause irreversible damage 造成不可逆转的损失45.national identity and value 民族特性和价值观46.remove prejudice and misunderstanding 消除偏见和误解47.symbol 象征48.artistic standards 艺术水准49.enjoy great popularity 广受欢迎50.cultural devolution 文化退化1.adapt oneself to the development of使自己适应…的发展2.scope of knowledge知识面3.narrow the gap between缩小了…的鸿沟4.lighten the burden of减轻了…的负担prehensive knowledge广博的知识6.distance education远程教育7.enrich the teaching method丰富教育手段8. be attractive to somebody对…具有吸引力9. eye-catching极好的、极快的10. eye-dazzling极好的、极快的11. fascinating极好的12. appealing极好的13.multimedia teaching多媒体教学14.solid professional working experience扎实的职业工作经验15. vocational education职业教育16. down-to-earth切合实际的17. stress-related illness与压力有关的疾病18. enjoy equal rights享有平等权利19. receive education接受教育20.thought-provoking引人深思的21. enlightening予以人启迪的22. far-reaching深远的23. never-ending永不停息的24. perplexing令人困惑的25. overwhelming压倒一切的26. the cultural diversity文化的多元性27. insightful富有洞察力的,有深刻见解的28.exchange experience交流经验29. undertake the due obligations承担责任30. offer a chance of education提供一种教育机会31.give a big push to the development of education给予教育极大的推动32.vocational guidance职业指导33. vocational training职业训练34.face possible pressure and competition迎接可能的压力和竞争35.Be easily taken in by容易受到某人或某事的欺骗36.exam-oriented education应试教育37.knowledge-intensive知识密集型的cation for all-round development全面发展教育39.have quick and easy access to something更快地接触到…东西40.Develop Our Creative Mind培养我们创造性思维41. Fake Diplomas假文凭42. Embracing the Knowledge Economy Age拥抱知识经济时代43. Renew Knowledge革新知识44. People-oriented以人为本的45. compulsory education义务教育46. keep skills fresh and up-to-date使得技能可以与时俱进47. widen one’s knowledge拓展知识面48. enrich one’s social and life experience丰富了社会和生活阅历49. enlarge one’s view拓展知识面50. broaden one’s horizons拓展知识面51. realize the value of life实现生命价值52. grasp good communication skills掌握良好的交流技能53. remove misunderstanding and discrimination消除误解和歧视54. improve cultural integration and globalization促进了文化的融合和文化全球化55. cultivate a strong sense of responsibility培养了强烈的责任感56.promote social skills and competence提高了社会能力和竞争力57.make contribution to society对社会做出贡献58.quality Education素质教育59.cross-cultural communication跨文化交流60.rote learning死记硬背61. concentrate one’s attention on关注…62.student-oriented education以学生为主体的教育63.bias of culture文化偏见64. cradle of culture文化摇篮65. mainstream culture主流文化66.system of education教育体制67.tap one’s potential挖掘某人的潜能68. go astray误入歧途69. commit crimes犯罪70. Education is not the filling of a pail, but the lighting of a fire.教育不是注满木桶水，而是点燃生命的火71.denotation字面意思72. connotation暗含意思73. impractical不切实际的74.intellectual development智力发展75.interaction交流76. thinking capacity思考能力77. universal language世界语78. linguistic studies语言学研究79. a means of communication一种交流工具80. mechanical translation机械翻译81. untranslatable不宜翻译的82. develop linguistic skills培养语言技能83. verbal communication口头交流84. grammatical rules语法规则85. context语境86. core核心87. translation笔译88. interpretation口译89. a complex progress一个复杂过程90. cream精华91. cultivate logical thinking培养逻辑思维92. obscure晦涩的93. readability朗朗上口94. an unrealistic dream一个不切实际的梦想95. comprehensive knowledge全面的知识96. communicate with others directly, and freely与他人直接自由交流97. face-to-face communication面对面交流98. stimulate one’s interest激发了…的兴趣99. artificial intelligence人工智能100. help children learn a foreign language in a more vivid and interactive way帮助孩子更生动，互动地学习一门外语101. miraculous令人惊叹的102. increase efficiency提高效率103. easy accessibility易于操作104. make astounding advances突飞猛进105. enrich the teaching and learning methods丰富了教学手段106. expertise专业知识107. flourishing繁荣兴旺的108. speedy communication快速的交流109. read between the lines读懂暗含的意思110. language acquisition语言习得111. term术语112. implication含义113. be fully aware of…充分意识到…114. optimistic乐观的115. pessimistic悲观的116. drawback弊端117. precious gift宝贵的礼物118. linguist语言学家119. mission impossible不可能的任务1.paparazzi 狗仔队2.mass media 大众媒体3.entertainment 娱乐4.journalism 新闻业5.journal 期刊6.the latest news 最新消息7.exclusive news 独家新闻8.news agency 新闻社9.news blockout 新闻封锁10.news censorship 新闻审查11.freedom of the press 新闻自由12.coverage 新闻报道13.do reportage on …报导…14.hit the headlines 上头条15.issue 出版、发行16.newsstand 报摊17.free-lancer writer 自由撰稿人18.chief editor 总编19.editorial 社论20.newsworthy 值得报道的21.barometer 晴雨表22.the barometer of public opinion 舆论的晴雨表23.live broadcast 直播24.quiz show 智力竞争节目25.game show 游戏节目26.variety show 综合节目27.talk show 脱口秀28.sitcom 情景喜剧29.soap opera 肥皂剧30.movie star 电影明星31.movie king 影帝32.movie queen 影后33.affair 绯闻34.celebrity 名人35.fame 名声36.rise to fame 声名鹊起37.fan 粉丝38.invade one’s privacy 侵扰了…的隐私39.misleading 误导性的40.cheating 欺骗性的41.popularity 知名度42.scandal 丑闻43.sensational 轰动的44.prevalent 普遍的、流行的45.imperative 重要的、必要的46.audience ratings 收视率47.propaganda 宣传48.be abducted by 受…诱导49.purify one’s soul 净化心灵50.live in virtual would 生活在一个虚拟世界中51.be a great comfort to somebody 对…来说是一个巨大安慰52.meet different tastes 满足不同口味53.provide somebody with something 给…提供…54.follow the fashion blindly 盲目追逐时尚mit crimes 犯罪56.be inconceivable to somebody 对…来说是难以想象的57.impressive 给人印象深刻的58.right to know 知情权59.in the disguise of …打着…的幌子60.endanger social stability and safety 危害社会稳定和安全rmation era 信息时代2.keep one informed about something 使人们了解…3.audience/viewers 观众4.have unhealthy and harmful effects on…对…有不良影响rmation-explosion society 信息爆炸的社会6.influential 有影响的7.revolutionize the way we acquire information 彻底改变了我们获取信息的方式8.blessing 福9.curse 祸10.various thrilling programs 各种各样激动人心的节目11.poor-quality programs 低质量节目12.ever-accelerated 不断发展的13.exaggerate 夸张14.enjoyable 令人享受的15.fashionable 时尚的16.electromagnetic radiation 电磁辐射17.psychological illnesses 心理疾病18.isolated 孤僻的19.unimaginative 缺乏想象力的20.unsociable 不好社交的21.deprive somebody of one’s imagination and creativity 使…丧失了想象力和创造力22.jeopardize one’s health 危害健康23.be exposed to…了解到…接触到…24.find its way into every family 进入千家万户25.global village 地球村26.be indulged in…沉溺于…27.be addicted to …对…上瘾28.be fascinated by …被…所吸引29.be dependent on …依赖…30.second-hand information 二手信息31.go astray 误入歧途32.embark on the criminal road 走上犯罪道路33.irresistible 无法抵制的34.hallmark 标志35.create topics of discussion 制造交谈话题36.critical thinking 批判性思维37.powerful means of communication 有力的交流工具38.main cause 主因39.tempting 有诱惑力的40.reliable 可靠的41.family attachment 家庭归属感42.mutual understanding 相互了解43.alienation of affection 感情疏远44.be sick of …对…厌倦45.generation gap 代沟46.exchanges of feelings 感情交流47.emotional bond 感情纽带48.strengthen family ties 加强家庭纽带关系49.be detached from reality 与现实隔绝50.distinguish right from wrong 明辨是非51.edifying 有教育意义的52.couch potato 电视迷53.be harmful to …对…有害54.imitate 模仿55.inexpressible 难以形容的56.physical and mental health 身心健康57.stimulate one’s imagination and creativity 激发某人想象力和创造力58.unwholesome lifestyle. 不健康的生活方式59.a great deal of information 大量的信息60.disinteresting 令人索然无味的1.cultural insights 文化视角2.learn about the would 了解世界3.a thrilling experience 一种令人激动的经历4.abstract 抽象的5.concrete 具体的6.move somebody to tears 使…感动落泪7.get relaxed and entertained 得到放松和娱乐8.venue 场所9.has its value 有其自己价值10.inspiration 灵感11.scope of knowledge 知识面12.spread knowledge 传播知识sting artistic works 永恒的艺术作品14.abstruse 深奥的15.break with old customs 抛弃传统16.carry down from generation to generation 代代相传17.advocate the new lifestyle. 倡导新的生活方式18.entertainment 娱乐19.be different from …与…不同20.direct experience 直接经验21.echo 共识22.satiate people’s psychological demands 满足心理需求23.attach more importance to …更重视…24.spiritual enhancement 精神升华25.a mirror of …是…的一面镜子26.determinant 决定性因素27.eclipse 使…相形见绌28.contribute to …有助于…29.a sense of cool and satisfaction 一种惬意的感觉30.pastimes 消遣方式31.nurture imagination 培养想象力32.meditation 沉思33.an essence of immortality 永恒的精髓34.instructive 有启发性的35.edification 熏陶36.arouse one’s curiosity about something 引发某人对某事的好奇心37.enrich one’s knowledge 丰富某人知识38.value of knowledge 知识的价值39.cultural differences 文化差异性40.time is fleeting and art is long 时光飞逝，艺术永恒1.vivisection 活体解剖2. perform. experiments on animals 在动物身上做试验3.test animals 用于实验的动物4.be subjected to experiments 被迫接受试验5.animal rights 动物权利6.clinical research 临床研究7.cruel 残忍的8.extremist 极端主义者9.medical research 医学研究10.origin of species 物种起源11.alternative method 替代的方法12.biological diversity 生物多样性13.natural balance 自然平衡14.equilibrium of ecosystem 生态平衡15.coexistence 共存16.endangered animals 濒危动物17.diversity of species 物种多样性18.shameless 令人羞愧的19.barbaric 野蛮的20.live and let live 活着就是与万物共存21.meaningless 没有意义的22.dominant species 优势物种boratory 实验室24.vaccine 疫苗25.infringement 践踏26.right to live 生存权27.torture 折磨28.anti-science 反科学的29.life-threatening diseases 危及生命的疾病30.scientific gains 科学成果31.an ever-lasting theme 一个永恒的主题32.evolution 进化puter simulation 电脑模拟34.groundless 没有理由的35.humane 人道的36.medical technology 医疗技术37.anatomy 解剖38.equal 公平的39.unreliable 不可信赖的40.valid 有效的、正当的the main industry 主要行业fishing and farming 农业和渔业the wastewater from some factories 工厂废水turn the water into a dark green color 把水染成墨绿色wash clothes in the rivers 在水里洗衣服keep away from it 远离water energy 水资源gas energy 煤气rely on for heating 供热electric energy 电能solar energy 太阳能people can not do without them 没有不行is unequally distributed over China 不均匀地分布在中国with a great density in eastern region but rarity in the west 东部人口稠密、西部人口稀少in coastal cities 沿海城市the economy of eastern area 东部地区的经济seriously think about it 认真地思考is lack of some high technology 缺少高科技modern machines 现代化的机器radually change our labor-intensive industry to technique-concentrated industry将劳动密集型产业转化成技术密集型产业protect environment 保护环境a basic state policy 基本国策enact laws and regulations 制定法律、法规environmental protection 环境保护environmental standards 环境标准see an unprecedented upsurge 出现了从来未有过的高潮give their support to the government’s work 支持政府工作talk about environmental protection issues 讨论环保问题participate in environmental protection activities 参与环保活动use cloth bags 使用布袋plastic bags 塑料袋take care not to litter 不要随地乱扔垃圾fight against sandstorms 与沙尘暴作战volunteer to plant trees and grass 自愿种草植树adopt various measures 采取各种各样的措施curb environmental pollution 抑制环境污染environmental protection funds keep rising 环保基金持续增长the UN standard of 0.8 percent for developing countries 联合国规定的发展中国家0.8%的标准global warming 全球变暖have different effects 有不同的影响blame global warming for extreme weather events指责全球变暖给天气带来不好的影响severe droughts 严重的干旱floods and storms 洪水和暴风climate changes 气候变化affect people everywhere 影响着所有地方的人们cause many disastrous crop losses 为庄稼带来灾难性的损失sea level rise 海平面上升wildlife habitats 野生动物栖息地provide food, shelter and the right conditions for plants and animals为动植物提供实物、居所和适合生长的环境change with climate 随气候变化Adjust themselves to the changes physically and mentally人们需在身体和精神方面调整自己save energy 节能set the cylinder thermostat at 60oC for bathing and washing洗澡、洗衣服时把调温器调到60 put the plug in your basin or sink 把插头放进盆里和水槽里leave hot water taps running 让热水龙头一直流wash money down the plughole 从水龙头里冲钱adjust your curtains or blinds to let in as much light as possible调好窗帘，让尽可能多的阳光照进屋子cordless phones 无绳电话check the operation manual 看一下操作指南leave the door open 开着冰箱门cold air will escape 冷空气溜走了avoid put hot or warm food straight into the fridge不要把热食物直接放进冰箱allow the food to cool down 把食物凉下来defrost your fridge regularly 冰箱定期除霜keep the fridge efficiently and cheaply 让冰箱高效率地工作frost up quickly 迅速解霜check the door seal 检查一下密封条site your fridge next to a cooker or boiler 把冰箱放在锅边上leave a gap between the fridge and the cooker 在冰箱和锅之间刘一条缝tumble dryer 转筒式干燥机wash a full load 满量洗衣use a economy program 使用经济挡modern washing powders 现代洗衣粉don’t put really wet clothes into a tumble dryer 不要把湿衣服直接放进烘干机wring them 拧一下spin-dry them 甩干save your money 省钱heat the amount of water you really need 用多少水烧多少水use an electric kettle 用电壶Acute diseaseBiosphere生物圈Chemical substanceChronic disease 慢性病Commercial interest 商业利益Conducive to good health 有益健康的Deforestation 采伐森林Demolish 毁坏破坏Densely-populated 人口密集的Domestic sewage家庭污水Ecology生态学Endangered 濒临灭绝的Energy shortage能源缺乏Fatal disease 致命的疾病Greenhouse effect温室效应Indispensable 不可或缺的Interdependent 相互依赖的Land clearing开荒Overgraze 过度放牧Posterity 后代子孙Reforestation 从新造林Remedial measure 补救措施Short-sighted 目光短浅Take revenge on human 报复Toxic 有毒的White pollution 白色污染1.urbanization 城市化2.centralization 集中化3.imbalance 不平衡4.in the long run 从长远角度而言5.infrastructure 基础设施6.booming 繁荣发展的7.tertiary industry 第三产业8.tranquility 宁静9.revenue 税收mercialization 商业化11.traffic congestion 交通拥挤12.water scarcity 水短缺13.the environmental pollution 环境污染14.over-industrialization 过度工业化15.over-crowdedness 过度拥挤16.unemployment 失业17.wealth distribution 财富分配18.social instability 社会动荡19.urban construction 城市建设20.population explosion 人口激增21.a rising crime rate 犯罪率上升22.drain of energy and resources 能源和资源消耗23.offer more job opportunities 提供更多的就业机会24.a rapid pace of life 快节奏生活25.stress-related illnesses 与压力有关的疾病26.high cost of living 高额生活费用27.pastoral life 田园生活28.class polarization 阶级两极分化29.social welfare 社会福利30.give special care to …给予…特殊关照31.urban sprawl 城市扩张32.convenient transportation means 便捷的交通工具33.better medical services 更好的医疗服务34.pressure of modern life in city 城市生活压力35.be vulnerable to …易于患上…36.melting pot 熔炉37.on the brink of …处于…边缘38.pollutant 污染性物质39.waste disposal 废物处理40.put the blame on …归咎于…41.be attributable to …归因为…42.ways of consumption 消费方式43.suffer heavy losses 遭受重大损失44.citizen 居民45.be confronted with…面临着…46.breed crimes 滋生犯罪47.vicious cycle 恶性循环48.a feasible measure 一种可行的措施49.give priority to …优先考虑…50.city planners 城市规划者。

Academic Word ListSublist1analyze[ˈænəlaiz]vt.〈美〉分析,分解,解释constitute[ˈkɔnstitju:t]vt.构成,组成建立,制定选定,任命establish[isˈtæbliʃ]vt.建立,成立安置确定,证实indicate[ˈindikeit]vt.标示,指示,指出象征;表明或暗示…的可能性occur[əˈkə:]vi.发生;举行;存在被发现;想到[起]role[rəul]n.作用,职责角色approach[əˈprəutʃ]n.靠近,接近,临近通路,入口,途径方式,方法vt.接洽,交涉;着手处理vt.&vi.接近,走近,靠近context[ˈkɔntekst]n.背景,环境上下文,语境estimate[ˈestimeit]n.估计,估价报价判断vt.&vi.估计;评价,评估individual[ˌɪndiˈvidjuəl]adj.个别的,单独的,个人的独特的n.个人人percent[pəˈsent]n.百分比,百分数section[ˈsekʃən]n.章节部分部门,科截面,剖面地区,区area[ˈɛəriə]n.面积区域,地区领域,方面contract[kənˈtrækt]n.契约,合同vt.缔结;订契约vt.&vi.染上(恶习,疾病等)缩小;紧缩evident[ˈevidənt]adj.明显的,明白的interpret[inˈtə:prit]vt.解释;说明vt.&vi.口译;翻译period[ˈpiəriəd]n.(一段)时间时期,时代学时,课时句号,句点sector[ˈsektə]n.部门;领域防御地区,防卫区域扇形,扇形面assess[əˈses]vt.估价,估计评定,核定create[kriˈeit]vt.创造,创作,创建引起,产生export[eksˈpɔ:t]n.输出,出口输出[出口]物vt.&vi.出口,输出involve[inˈvɔlv]vt.使某事物成为必要条件或结果;需要使参与,牵涉policy[ˈpɔləsi]n.政策,方针策略,精明的行为,上策保险单significant[siɡˈnifikənt]adj.重要的,重大的,可观的有意义的,有用意的意味深长的assume[əˈsju:m]vt.假设,臆断,猜想假装承担,担任,就职呈现,采取data[ˈdeitə]n.资料,材料factor[ˈfæktə]n.因素,要素〈数〉因子,因数issue[ˈisju:]n.问题,议题;争论点发行物放出,流出;发出,发行〈正〉结果,结局vi.冒出,流出;传出vt.出版,发行发表,发布分配,发给principle[ˈprinsəpl]n.原则,原理准则,规范操守,道义工作原理similar[ˈsimilə]adj.类似的;同类的;相似的;同样的authority[ɔ:ˈθɔriti]n.权力,职权官方,当局权威,专家define[diˈfain]vt.精确地解释;界定规定,确定finance[faiˈnæns]n.财政,金融财源,资金,财务情况vt.为…供给资金,从事金融活动labour[ˈleibə]n.劳动,努力;工作劳工,工人分娩,(分娩时的)阵痛vi.劳动;努力艰难行进proceed[prəˈsi:d]vi.前进;行进进行;继续下去source[sɔ:s]n.河流的源头,发源地来源,出处原因提供资料者,资料来源available[əˈveiləbl]adj.可用的或可得到的可会见的,可与之交谈的derive[diˈraiv]vt.&vi.得到源于formula[ˈfɔ:mjulə]n.准则,原则公式,方程式配方legal[ˈli:ɡəl]adj.法律上的;合法的;法定的process[ˈprəuses]n.过程,进程工序,制作法vi.列队行进vt.加工;处理specific[spiˈsifik]adj.明确的,确切的,详尽的具体的,特有的,特定的仅限于…的;只发现于…的n.特效药具体方面,细节benefit[ˈbenifit]n.益处,好处救济金,保险金vt.&vi.有益于,得益distribute[disˈtribju:t]vt.分配,分给散发;散播;分布function[ˈfʌŋkʃən]n.功能;作用;职责函数;与另一事物有密切关系的事物社交集会vi.工作,运行,起作用legislate[ˈledʒisleit]vt.&vi.立法;制定法律require[riˈkwaiə]vt.有赖于…;需要命令,指示要求,规定想要structure[ˈstrʌktʃə]n.结构,构造有结构的事物;复杂的整体;建筑物vt.组织;安排;构造;制定concept[ˈkɔnsept]n.概念;观念;想法economy[iˈkɔnəmi]n.节约,节省经济体制,经济状况identify[aiˈdentifai]vt.认出,识别支持,同情vt.&vi.等同于;有关联major[ˈmeidʒə]adj.较大的;主要的;严重的n.少校专业;主修科目vi.〈美〉主修,专攻research[riˈsə:tʃ]n.研究;探讨vi.做研究,探究,研究,探讨vt.从事…的研究,为…而做研究theory[ˈθiəri]n.学说理论,原理意见,看法consist[kənˈsist]vi.组成,构成在于,存在于environment[inˈvaiərənmənt]n.环境,周围状况,自然环境income[ˈinkəm]n.收入,所得,收益method[ˈmeθəd]n.方法,办法秩序,条理respond[riˈspɔnd]vi.有反应;有效果;有影响vt.&vi.回答;回报;响应vary[ˈvɛəri]vi.呈现不同vt.&vi.(使)变化,改变Sublist2achieve[əˈtʃi:v]vt.取得,获得实现,达到,完成community[kəˈmju:niti]n.社区,社会,团体大众,公众共有,共享design[diˈzain]n.图样,设计图设计,布局目的,打算vt.计划,筹划vt.&vi.设计,绘制institute[ˈinstitju:t]n.协会,学会;学院,研究院vt.建立,制定;开始,着手potential[pəˈtenʃəl]adj.潜在的,有可能的n.潜力,潜势,可能性restrict[risˈtrikt]vt.限制;约束acquire[əˈkwaiə]vt.获得,得到,养成complex[ˈkɔmpleks]adj.由许多部分组成的,复合的复杂的,难懂的n.综合体,集合体〈心〉情结,夸大的情绪反应distinct[disˈtiŋkt]adj.截然不同的,完全分开的清晰的,明白的,明显的invest[inˈvest]vt.授予vt.&vi.投资;花费previous[ˈpri:viəs]adj.先前的,以前的过早的,过急的secure[siˈkjuə]adj.牢固的;可靠的有把握的;确切的vt.握紧;关牢使安全(使)获得;把…弄到手administer[ədˈministə]vt.管理,支配给予执行,实施compute[kəmˈpju:t]vt.计算,估算element[ˈelimənt]n.(化学)元素成分,要素,原件一伙人基础,纲要,原理item[ˈaitəm]n.一项,一件,一条;项目primary[ˈpraiməri]adj.首要的;主要的;基本的最初的;初级的seek[si:k]vi.企图;试图vt.请求,征求;求教vt.&vi.寻找;探寻affect[əˈfekt]vt.影响感动假装conclude[kənˈklu:d]vt.得出结论;断定决定vt.&vi.结束equate[iˈkweit]vt.认为某事物(与另一事物)相等或相仿journal[ˈdʒə:nl]n.杂志,期刊日志,日记purchase[ˈpə:tʃəs]n.购买,购置买到的东西vt.购买select[siˈlekt]adj.精选的,挑选出来的限制性的,选择严格的vt.选择;挑选appropriate[əˈprəupriit]adj.适当的,恰当的vt.挪用;占用;盗用拨出(款项)conduct[kənˈdʌkt]n.举止,行为管理(方式),实施(方式)vt.&vi.引导,带领,担任指挥控制,管理传导evaluate[iˈvæljueit]vt.评价,估计,估价maintain[meinˈtein]vt.保持;继续保养,维护坚持;主张供给;赡养range[reindʒ]n.一系列变化幅度,范围射程,距离(山)脉vi.变化vt.排列site[sait]n.位置,场所,地点vt.使坐落在;设置aspect[ˈæspekt]n.方面方位,朝向面貌,模样,神态consequent[ˈkɔnsikwənt]adj.作为结果的,随之发生的feature[ˈfi:tʃə]n.特征,特色面貌,相貌特写,专题节目(电影的)正片,故事片normal[ˈnɔ:məl]adj.正常的,平常的正规的;标准的region[ˈri:dʒən]n.地区;地带;区域;范围strategy[ˈstrætidʒi]n.战略学,兵法战略,策略策略,计谋assist[əˈsist]vt.&vi.帮助,促进construct[kənˈstrʌkt]vt.修建,建立构成,组成final[ˈfainəl]adj.最后的,最终的决定性的,确定性的n.决赛(大学的)期终考试obtain[əbˈtein]vi.通行;流行vt.获得,得到;买到regulate[ˈreɡjuleit]vt.控制,管理调整;调节survey[səˈvei]n.调查vt.眺望;纵览测量;勘察检查,鉴定通盘考虑,回顾category[ˈkætiɡəri]n.种类,类别consume[kənˈsju:m]vt.消耗,消费,耗尽大吃,大喝烧毁,毁灭focus[ˈfəukəs]n.焦点,焦距;中心vt.&vi.(使)集中,(使)聚集调整(镜头,眼睛)焦点[焦距]以便看清participate[pɑ:ˈtisipeit]vt.&vi.参加,参与relevant[ˈreləvənt]adj.有关的,切题的text[tekst]n.正文,本文原文,全文教科书,课本chapter[ˈtʃæptə]n.章,回,篇credit[ˈkredit]n.赊购;赊购制度存款;存款数额借款;贷款赞扬,荣誉,功劳信任,相信学分vt.相信,信任把…记入贷方,存入(账户)impact[ˈimpækt]n.影响,作用冲击(力),碰撞vt.&vi.对某事物有影响perceive[pəˈsi:v]vt.感觉,察觉,理解reside[riˈzaid]vi.居住;定居tradition[trəˈdiʃən]n.传统惯例commission[kəˈmiʃən]n.授权,委托委员会佣金,回扣vt.委任,委托culture[ˈkʌltʃə]n.文化休养,教养,精神文明养殖,培养,栽培vt.培植,培养injure[ˈindʒə]vt.伤害,损害positive[ˈpɔzitiv]adj.确实的,明确的积极的;肯定的表现得有信心和有希望的,确信的〈数〉〈电〉正的,阳性的完全的;纯粹的n.〈语〉原级形容词确实;正量,正数正片resource[riˈsɔ:s]n.资源(必要时可给予)帮助、支持或安慰的事物才智;机敏;创造精神transfer[trænsˈfə:]n.转移;转让;转录中转,换乘,改变路线vt.转让vt.&vi.转移;迁移Sublist3alternative[ɔ:lˈtə:nətiv]adj.两者择一的,供替代的不寻常的,非传统性的非正统的n.取舍,抉择,可供选择的事物选择的余地,可供选择的机会convene[kənˈvi:n]vt.&vi.召开,召集emphasis[ˈemfəsis]n.强调,重点interact[ˌɪntərˈækt]vi.相互作用[影响],互相配合philosophy[fiˈlɔsəfi]n.哲学人生哲学,人生观达观sex[seks]n.性别;性男性;女性性关系性活动,性行为circumstance[ˈsə:kəmstəns]n.环境,条件,情况境遇,经济状况coordinate[kəuˈɔ:dineit]adj.同等的,并列的n.〈数〉坐标vt.使协调;使调和ensure[inˈʃuə]vt.确保,担保担保获得[避免]justify[ˈdʒʌstifai]vt.证明…有理;为…辩护physical[ˈfizikəl]adj.身体的,肉体的物质的自然规律的,按自然法则的自然(界)的物理学的n.身体检查,体格检查shift[ʃift]n.转换,转变轮[换]班轮班工人计谋,手段切换键vi.快速行进vt.&vi.改变,变换,转移,移动去掉;摆脱掉换挡comment[ˈkɔment]n.评论,意见,解释,批评vt.&vi.评论;谈论core[kɔ:]n.果核核心,精髓,要点exclude[iksˈklu:d]vt.排除;不包括在内layer[ˈleiə]n.层,层次proportion[prəˈpɔ:ʃən]n.均衡;相称,协调一物与他物在数量、大小等方面的关系;比例部分;份儿specify[ˈspesifai]vt.详述指定compensate[ˈkɔmpenseit]vt.&vi.补偿,报酬corporate[ˈkɔ:pərit]adj.社团的,法人的framework[ˈfreimwə:k]n.构架;结构link[liŋk]n.环,联系,纽带vt.&vi.连接,联系publish[ˈpʌbliʃ]vt.&vi.出版公布sufficient[səˈfiʃənt]adj.足够的;充足的component[kəmˈpəunənt]n.成分,组成部分,部件,元件correspond[ˌkɔrisˈpɔnd]vi.相符合,相一致相当,相类似通信fund[fʌnd]n.基金,专款现款;资金储备,蕴藏vt.为…提供资金,给…拨款locate[ləuˈkeit]vt.找出,指出(地点或位置)vt.&vi.(在…)设置,坐落于react[riˈækt]vi.起反应;有影响反对;对抗task[tɑ:sk]n.工作;任务;差事consent[kənˈsent]n.准许,同意,赞成vi.同意;赞成criteria[kraɪˈtɪərɪə]n.标准illustrate[ˈiləstreit]vt.给…加插图说明,阐明;表明maximise[ˈmæksimaiz]vt.使(某事物)增至最大限度最大限度地利用(某事物) register[ˈredʒistə]n.登记(表),注册(簿)记录器暖气,调风器vt.&vi.记录;登记;注册显出注意到,记住technical[ˈteknikəl]adj.技术的;应用科学的艺术的,工艺的(指书等)要求有专门知识的,使用术语的,专业的considerable[kənˈsidərəbl]adj.相当大(或多)的deduce[diˈdju:s]vt.推论,演绎immigrate[ˈimiɡreit]vi.移入minor[ˈmainə]adj.较小的,较少的,低级的,次要的n.未成年人副修科目rely[riˈlai]vi.信任;信赖;依赖,依靠technique[tekˈni:k]n.技巧,手法,技术技能constant[ˈkɔnstənt]adj.始终如一的,恒久不变的不断的,连续发生的忠实的,忠诚的demonstrate[ˈdemənstreit]vi.举行示威游行(或集会)vt.说明,演示论证,证明显示,表露imply[imˈplai]vt.暗示,暗指必然包含negate[niˈɡeit]vt.取消,使无效否定;否认remove[riˈmu:v]vi.迁移;移居vt.移走;排除开除technology[tekˈnɔlədʒi]n.科技(总称);工艺;应用科学工业技术constrain[kənˈstrein]vt.强迫,强使;限制,约束document[ˈdɔkjumənt]n.公文,文件,文献vt.证明记录,记载initial[iˈniʃəl]adj.最初的,开头的outcome[ˈautkʌm]n.结果scheme[ski:m]n.阴谋,诡计计划,方案vt.&vi.策划;图谋valid[ˈvælid]adj.正当的,有充分根据的,符合逻辑的有效的有法律效力的contribute[kənˈtribjut]vi.起促成作用vt.&vi.捐献,捐助,贡献出撰稿,投稿dominate[ˈdɔmineit]vt.耸立于,俯临vt.&vi.控制,支配,统治在…中占首要地位instance[ˈinstəns]n.例子,实例partner[ˈpɑ:tnə]n.伙伴,同伙,合伙人,股东同伴,搭档配偶,情人vt.做…的搭档sequence[ˈsi:kwəns]n.有关联的一组事物,一连串先后次序,顺序,连续volume[ˈvɔlju:m]n.卷,册,书卷体积;容积,容量音量,响度Sublist4access[ˈækses]n.通道,入口接近[取得]…的方法[权利等]vt.存取(计算机文件) communicate[kəˈmju:nikeit]vi.通讯;交际,交流相连;相通vt.&vi.传达;表达error[ˈerə]n.错误过失,失误internal[inˈtə:nəl]adj.内部的国内的,内政的体内的parallel[ˈpærəlel]adj.(指至少两条线)平行的类似的;相对应的n.平行线[面]极相似的人[事物]类似(点),相似(之处)比较纬线,纬圈vt.与…平行;与…相当resolve[riˈzɔlv]vt.(指委员会或集会)表决解决(问题、疑问等)分解,解析(某物)vt.&vi.决定;决心adequate[ˈædikwit]adj.充分的,足够的适当的,胜任的concentrate[ˈkɔnsəntreit]vt.浓缩vt.&vi.专心于;注意集中,聚集ethnic[ˈeθnik]adj.种族的,部落的某文化群体的investigate[inˈvestiɡeit]vt.调查;审查parameter[pəˈræmitə]n.(限定性的)因素,特性,界限〈物〉〈数〉参量,参数retain[riˈtein]vt.保持;保留止住;容纳annual[ˈænjuəl]adj.每年的,年度的,一年一次的n.一年生植物年刊,年报,年鉴confer[kənˈfə:]vi.〈拉〉商谈,商议vt.授予,赋予goal[ɡəul]n.球门进球得的分努力的对象,目标job[dʒɔb]n.职业,职位(一件)工作职责,责任phase[feiz]n.阶段,时期(月亮、行星的)位相vt.分阶段计划[安排]series[ˈsiəri:z]n.连续的同类事物,系列串联apparent[əˈpærənt]adj.显然的,明白的,清晰可见的表面上的,貌似(真实)的contrast[ˈkɔntræst]n.对比,对照差异,差别对照物,明显的对比物vt.&vi.对比,对照grant[ɡrɑ:nt]n.补助金,助学金,津贴vt.准许;答应给予承认label[ˈleibəl]n.标签,标记称号;符号;标示vt.贴标签于把…列为predict[priˈdikt]vt.&vi.预言;预测;预示statistic[stəˈtistik]adj.统计的,统计学的n.统计量approximate[əˈprɔksimit]adj.近似的,大约的vt.&vi.近似,接近cycle[ˈsaikl]n.循环,周期自行车,摩托车vi.骑自行[摩托]车hence[hens]adv.从此时起,从此处因此,所以mechanism[ˈmekənizəm]n.机械装置构造,机制办法,技巧,途径principal[ˈprinsəpəl]adj.最重要的;主要的n.负责人,校长资本,本金被代理人,委托人status[ˈsteitəs]n.身份,地位情形,状况attitude[ˈætitju:d]n.态度,看法姿态,姿势debate[diˈbeit]n.讨论,辩论vt.&vi.辩论,争论hypothesis[haiˈpɔθisis]n.假说,假设,前提obvious[ˈɔbviəs]adj.明显的;显而易见的prior[ˈpraiə]adj.优先的;在前的;较早的stress[stres]n.压力,紧张强调,重要性重力重音vt.重读强调attribute[əˈtribju:t]n.属性,特性vt.认为…是;归因于…认为某作品出自某人之手认为某事[物]属于某人[物]despite[disˈpait]prep.不管,尽管implement[ˈimplimənt]n.工具,器具,用具vt.使生效,贯彻,执行occupy[ˈɔkjupai]vt.占领;占有使从事;使忙于professional[prəˈfeʃənəl]adj.职业的,专业的内行的,有经验的有意的,故意的n.具有某专业资格的人,专业人士内行,专家专门职业者,职业选手subsequent[ˈsʌbsikwənt]adj.随后的,继…之后的civil[ˈsivl]adj.公民的,平民的;非军职的,非宗教的;国民间的,民用的民事的,民法的文明的,有教养的dimension[diˈmenʃən]n.尺寸,度量方面,部分规模,程度implicate[ˈimplikeit]vt.牵连,涉及option[ˈɔpʃən]n.选择(的自由)可选择的办法附件,配件买卖选择权,期权project[prəˈdʒekt]n.项目,计划,方案,课题vt.规划抛;投;射vt.&vi.伸出,突出;表达特点sum[sʌm]n.总数,总和金额算术vt.&vi.合计总结,归纳code[kəud]n.法典,法规,章程密码,电码代号,编码vt.将…译成电码domestic[dəˈmestik]adj.本国的,国内的家庭的,家用的驯养的impose[imˈpəuz]vi.利用,占便宜;欺骗vt.强迫,强加课税,惩罚output[ˈautput]n.产量输出,输出功率promote[prəˈməut]vt.提升,提拔筹划,发起,创立推销〈正〉促进;推动;增进summary[ˈsʌməri]adj.即刻的,立即的匆忙的,草率的概括的;简要的n.摘要,概要commit[kəˈmit]vt.犯罪;犯错承诺;使自己受约束托付;交付emerge[iˈmə:dʒ]vi.出现;显出;暴露integrate[ˈintiɡreit]vt.使结合成为整体vt.&vi.(使)融入overall[ˈəuvərɔ:l]adj.总体的;全面的;综合的全面考虑的adv.大体上,总的来说一切包括在内,全部的n.长罩衣工装裤;工作裤regime[reiˈʒi:m]n.政治制度,政权,政体undertake[ˌʌndəˈteik]vt.担任,承揽;保证着手,开始Sublist5academy[əˈkædəmi]n.专科学校研究院,学会consult[kənˈsʌlt]vt.请教,咨询;找(医生)诊治翻阅,查阅顾及,考虑vt.&vi.商议,商量evolve[iˈvɔlv]vt.&vi.演变;进化licence[ˈlaisəns]n.许可证,执照许可,特许放纵,放肆orient[ˈɔ:riənt]n.东方,亚洲vt.使熟悉,使适应使朝向;使确定位置style[stail]n.风格,格调;文体行为方式,作风种类,类型;流行式样;款式风度;格调;气派adjust[əˈdʒʌst]vt.&vi.(改变…以)适应;调整;校正contact[ˈkɔntækt]n.接触联系,联络,交往社会关系,熟人,门路触点,接头vt.&vi.联系expand[iksˈpænd]vt.&vi.使…变大,扩大,扩张伸展,伸开,张开,展开logic[ˈlɔdʒik]n.逻辑(学),逻辑性推理方法合理的想法perspective[pəˈspektiv]n.远景,景前途;希望透视透视图观点,想法substitute[ˈsʌbstitju:t]vt.&vi.代替,替换,代用alter[ˈɔ:ltə]vt.&vi.改变,更改decline[diˈklain]n.下降,减少,衰退vi.(太阳)落下vt.&vi.辞谢;谢绝(邀请等) expose[iksˈpəuz]vt.曝光暴露;显露揭露,袒露margin[ˈmɑ:dʒin]n.页边空白边,边缘差数,差额;余地precise[priˈsais]adj.精确的,准确的恰好的;正是的周密的,细密的,精细的sustain[səˈstein]vt.承受,支撑维持长期保持;使继续经受,遭受amend[əˈmend]vt.&vi.改良;修改,修订discrete[disˈkri:t]adj.分离的,不相关联的external[eksˈtə:nl]adj.外面的,外部的外观的,表面的外国的medical[ˈmedikəl]adj.医学的,医疗的,医术的内科的prime[praim]adj.首要的;主要的;基本的最好的,第一流的n.全盛时期vt.使准备好,使完成准备工作事先指导,事先向…提供情况symbol[ˈsimbəl]n.象征,标志符号,记号aware[əˈwɛə]adj.意识到的,知道的draft[drɑ:ft]n.草稿,草案,草图汇票应召入伍者;特遣队vt.起草,画草图,草拟选派,抽调征募,征召…入伍facilitate[fəˈsiliteit]vt.使便利,减轻…的困难mental[ˈmentl]adj.精神的,头脑的,心理的,智力的精神病的psychology[saiˈkɔlədʒi]n.心理学心理;心理特点target[ˈtɑ:ɡit]n.(射击的)靶子(欲达到的)目[指]标(服务的)对象;(攻击的)对象vt.瞄准某物capacity[kəˈpæsiti]n.容量,容积才能,能力身份,职位enable[iˈneibl]vt.使能够;提供做…的权利[措施]使可能fundamental[ˌfʌndəˈmentəl]adj.基本的;重要的,必要的n.基本原则,基本法则modify[ˈmɔdifai]vt.修饰vt.&vi.修改,更改pursue[pəˈsju:]vt.追捕,追击追求继续;从事,经营transit[ˈtrænsit]n.搬运;载运;运输challenge[ˈtʃælindʒ]n.挑战,邀请比赛怀疑,质问艰巨的任务vt.挑战质疑考验energy[ˈenədʒi]n.活力,干劲,能力精力〈物〉能,能量,能源generate[ˈdʒenəreit]vt.生成,产生引起,导致monitor[ˈmɔnitə]n.监视器,监听器;检测器(学校)班长;纠察员vt.监听,监视监测,检测ratio[ˈreiʃiəu]n.比,比率trend[trend]n.趋势,倾向流行clause[klɔ:z]n.从句(法律文件等的)条款enforce[inˈfɔ:s]vt.实施,执行强迫,迫使generation[ˌdʒenəˈreiʃən]n.同时代的人,一代人,一代产生,发生network[ˈnetwə:k]n.网状物(电视与计算机)网络,网状系统广播网,电视网reject[riˈdʒekt]n.被拒货品,不合格产品vt.拒绝,谢绝;驳回舍弃,排斥,退掉version[ˈvə:ʃən]n.(个人对事件的)描述,说法,看法版本,形式译本,剧本compound[ˈkɔmpaund]n.复合物,化合物(筑有围墙的)院子,(围起来的)场地vt.使混合,使合成使严重;使恶化entity[ˈentiti]n.实体,独立存在体,实际存在物image[ˈimidʒ]n.形象,概念镜像,影像,图像印象酷似的人[物],翻版比喻,引喻,明喻外形,外表,模样notion[ˈnəuʃən]n.概念,观念,看法突然的念头,奇想;意图,打算revenue[ˈrevənju:]n.收入,收益;财政收入,税收welfare[ˈwelfɛə]n.健康,幸福,繁荣福利〈美〉政府的福利(制度)conflict[ˈkɔnflikt]n.战斗,斗争冲突,抵触,争论vi.抵触,冲突equivalent[iˈkwivələnt]adj.相等的,相当的liberal[ˈlibərəl]adj.心胸宽阔的,无偏见的慷慨的,大方的开放的;主张变革的自由的,不拘一格的n.宽容大度的人自由主义者objective[əbˈdʒektiv]adj.客观的;不带偏见的n.目标;目的stable[ˈsteibl]adj.稳定的;安定的沉稳[持重]的whereas[hwɛərˈæz]conj.但是,而Sublist6abstract[ˈæbstrækt]adj.抽象的抽象派的n.抽象,抽象概念,抽象性抽象派艺术作品摘要,梗概vt.提取,抽取做…的摘要capable[ˈkeipəbl]adj.有能力的,有技能的exceed[ikˈsi:d]vi.(在数量、质量上)突出,领先vt.超过;超越incidence[ˈinsidəns]n.发生率,影响范围migrate[maiˈɡreit]vi.迁移;移往recover[riˈkʌvə]vi.恢复健康(体力、能力等)vt.恢复;重新获得,找回〈正〉恢复(适当的状态或位置)accurate[ˈækjurit]adj.精确的,准确的正确无误的cite[sait]vt.引用,举例表彰,嘉奖传唤,传讯expert[ˈekspə:t]adj.专家的,内行的,熟练的n.专家,能手incorporate[inˈkɔ:pəreit]vt.包含,加上,吸收把…合并,使并入组成公司minimum[ˈminiməm]adj.最低的,最小的n.最低限度,最小量reveal[riˈvi:l]vt.显示;露出泄露;透露acknowledge[əkˈnɔlidʒ]vt.承认,供认告知已收到鸣谢,感谢cooperate[kəuˈɔpəreit]vi.合作;配合,协助explicit[iksˈplisit]adj.详述的,明确的,明晰的直言的,毫不隐瞒的,露骨的index[ˈindeks]n.索引标志,象征;量度(物价或工资的)指数〈数〉指数,幂vt.给…编索引,指示出ministry[ˈministri]n.(政府的)部scope[skəup]n.余地,机会(处理、研究事务的)范围aggregate[ˈæɡriɡit]n.〈正〉数,总计vt.总计达…vt.&vi.(使)聚集discriminate[disˈkrimineit]vi.歧视,有差别地对待vt.&vi.分别,辨别,区分federal[ˈfedərəl]adj.联邦(制)的联邦政府的inhibit[inˈhibit]vt.阻止;抑制motive[ˈməutiv]n.动机,目的subsidy[ˈsʌbsidi]n.补贴,津贴,补助金allocate[ˈæləkeit]vt.分配,分派把…拨给display[disˈplei]n.陈列,展览陈列的货物、艺术品等vt.陈列,展览显示,显露fee[fi:]n.费,酬金initiate[iˈniʃieit]vt.开始,着手传授;使初步了解接纳新成员,让…加入neutral[ˈnju:trəl]adj.中立的,不偏不倚的中立(国家)的暗淡的;非彩色的(化学中)中性的不带电的n.(汽车或其他机器的)空挡位置中立人士;中立国tape[teip]n.带子录音磁带;录像带vt.用带子捆起来vt.&vi.录音assign[əˈsain]vt.分配;交给指派,选派指定,订出diverse[daiˈvəs]adj.不同的,多种多样的flexible[ˈfleksəbl]adj.易弯曲的,柔韧的灵活的,可变通的input[ˈinput]n.输入,投入〈电〉输入端输入的数据vt.把…输入电脑nevertheless[ˌnevəðəˈles]adv.仍然,然而,不过conj.尽管如此,然而trace[treis]n.踪迹;痕迹;形迹极微的量vt.追踪;追溯发现;找到描绘;标出vt.&vi.缓慢而困难地书写attach[əˈtætʃ]vt.&vi.贴上;系;附上domain[dəuˈmein]n.范围,领域版图,领土地产,产业furthermore[ˈfə:ðəˌmɔ:]adv.而且,此外instruct[inˈstrʌkt]vt.命令,指示教,指导通知overseas[ˌəuvəˈsi:z]adj.(在)海外的,(在)国外的(向或来自)外国的adv.在[向]海外;在[向]国外transform[trænsˈfɔ:m]vt.&vi.改变author[ˈɔ:θə]n.著作家,作者创造者,创始人;发起人edit[ˈedit]vt.剪辑(电影、录音磁带、无线电或电视节目、书等)vt.&vi.编辑gender[ˈdʒendə]n.〈语〉性intelligent[inˈtelidʒənt]adj.聪明的;理解力强的precede[ˌpriˈsi:d]vt.&vi.在…之前,先于transport[trænsˈpɔ:t]vt.运送;流放使万分激动bond[bɔnd]n.联系,关系连接,接合,结合有息债券合同,契约,票据vt.使粘结,使结合enhance[inˈhɑ:ns]vt.提高,增加,加强ignorant[ˈiɡnərənt]adj.无知的,愚昧的interval[ˈintəvəl]n.间隔时间幕间休息presume[priˈzju:m]vi.冒昧地做某事;错用自作主张,放肆vt.以为;假定underlie[ˌʌndəˈlai]vt.位于或存在于(某物)之下构成…的基础(或起因);引起brief[bri:f]adj.短暂的,短时间的简洁的,简短的n.概要,摘要vt.向…介绍基本情况,作…的摘要estate[isˈteit]n.土地,地区庄园,种植园地产,财产;遗产incentive[inˈsentiv]n.激励某人做某事的事物;刺激;诱因,动机lecture[ˈlektʃə]n.演讲;讲课冗长的训斥[谴责]vt.责备,教训,训斥vt.&vi.(向…)演讲;(给…)讲课rational[ˈræʃənl]adj.神智清楚的理性的;理智的;合理的;出于理性的utilize[ˈju:tilaiz]vt.利用,使用Sublist7adapt[əˈdæpt]vt.改编,改写vt.&vi.(使)适应,(使)适合contrary[ˈkɔntrəri]adj.相反的,相违的n.相反,反面,对立面empirical[emˈpirikəl]adj.以观察或实验为依据的identical[aiˈdentikəl]adj.同一的phenomenon[fiˈnɔminən]n.现象特殊的人[事物]submit[səbˈmit]vi.屈服,认输vt.提交,呈递〈正〉建议,主张,申辩adult[ˈædʌlt]adj.成熟的成年人的,适宜于成年人的n.成年的人或动物convert[kənˈvə:t]vt.&vi.(使)转变,(使)转化皈依,改变(信仰)equip[iˈkwip]vt.装备,配备使有能力,使胜任ideology[ˌaidiˈɔlədʒi]n.思想(体系),思想意识priority[praiˈɔriti]n.优先权,重点优先考虑的事successor[səkˈsesə]n.接替的人或事物,继任者,继承人advocate[ˈædvəkeit]n.提倡者,拥护者辩护律师,辩护人vt.提倡,主张couple[ˈkʌpl]n.一对,一双一些,几个夫妻,情侣vt.连接,联结,联系extract[iksˈtrækt]n.摘录,引用提炼物,浓缩物vt.(费力地)拔出,抽出提取,榨出infer[inˈfə:]vt.推断,推知prohibit[prəˈhibit]vt.禁止;阻止survive[səˈvaiv]vi.幸存,活下来vt.比…活得长,经历…之后还存在aid[eid]n.帮助,援助,救助助手,辅助物,辅助手段vt.帮助,援助decade[ˈdekeid]n.十年,十年间file[fail]n.文件夹,公文箱卷宗,文件;计算机文件纵列vi.排成纵队前进vt.把…归档提交(申请等),呈递用锉锉innovate[ˈinəuveit]vi.改革,创新publication[ˌpʌbliˈkeiʃən]n.发表,公布出版,刊行,发行出版物,书刊thesis[ˈθi:sis]n.论题,命题,论点论文,毕业(或学位)论文channel[ˈtʃænl]n.海峡通道;水沟,水渠渠道,途径频道definite[ˈdefinit]adj.明确的,确切的一定的,肯定的finite[ˈfainait]adj.有限的,有限度的〈语〉限定的insert[inˈsə:t]n.添入物(尤指一页印刷品图中插入或套印的小图)vt.插入,嵌入quote[kwəut]vt.提到…以支持某论点报(价);开(价)vt.&vi.引用,援引topic[ˈtɔpik]n.题目,论题,话题chemical[ˈkemikəl]adj.化学的n.化学药品deny[diˈnai]vt.否认知情拒绝foundation[faunˈdeiʃən]n.建立,设立,创办基础,基本原理,根据地基基金(会) intervene[ˌɪntəˈvi:n]vi.干涉,干预;调解干扰,阻碍release[riˈli:s]n.释放,排放,解除释放令公映的新影片,发布的新闻[消息]vt.释放;放开发布;发行;发售transmit[trænzˈmit]vt.传播,传染传导vt.&vi.发射,播送,广播classic[ˈklæsik]adj.(著作,赛事等)最优秀的,(可作)典范的(病例等)典型的,标准的(衣服,设计等)传统式样的,典雅的(因为时已久)著名的;传统的n.文豪,大艺术家;文学名著,经典作品,杰作优秀的典范differentiate[ˌdifəˈrenʃieit]vi.区别对待vt.&vi.区分,区别,辨别globe[ɡləub]n.地球,世界球体;球状物地球仪isolate[ˈaisəleit]vt.使隔离,使孤立,使脱离reverse[riˈvə:s]adj.相反的,颠倒的,反向的n.相反钱币的反面[背面]失败,挫败vt.&vi.(使)反转;(使)颠倒;(使)翻转推翻,取消使倒退,逆转ultimate[ˈʌltimit]adj.最后的,最终的基本的,根本的最大的,极限程度的comprehensive[ˌkɔmpriˈhensiv]adj.广泛的,综合的dispose[disˈpəuz]vt.布置使愿意或准备做vt.&vi.处理;处置grade[ɡreid]n.(官阶、质量)等级,品级,阶段,程度〈尤美〉(考试或作业的)分数,评分等级〈尤美〉(学生受测试的)技巧水平(尤指音乐方面)〈美〉年级;(按年级划分的)小学生media[ˈmi:djə]n.媒体simulate[ˈsimjuleit]vt.假装模仿,模拟unique[ju:ˈni:k]adj.独一无二的,仅有的,惟一的异常的,特有的,少见的comprise[kəmˈpraiz]vt.包含,包括,由…组成组成,构成dynamic[daiˈnæmik]adj.有活力的,强有力的不断变化的动力的,动态的guarantee[ˌɡærənˈti:]n.保证,保障;保证书;保用期担保,担保人担保品,抵押品vt.保证;担保使(事情)可能发生mode[məud]n.方式,样式样式,风格sole[səul]adj.单独的,惟一的专有的,独占的visible[ˈvizəbl]adj.看得见的,可见的,有形的明显的,可察觉到的confirm[kənˈfə:m]vt.证实,证明;肯定,确认使巩固,加强批准;认可eliminate[iˈlimineit]vt.消除,排除忽略淘汰〈口〉干掉hierarchy[ˈhaiərɑ:ki]n.等级制度统治集团,领导层paradigm[ˈpærədaim]n.(一词的)词形变化表范例;样式;模范somewhat[ˈsʌmhwɔt]adv.稍微,有点,达到某种程度voluntary[ˈvɔləntəri]adj.自愿的,志愿的义务的,无偿的Sublist8abandon[əˈbændən]n.放任;纵情vt.离弃,丢弃遗弃,抛弃放弃clarify[ˈklærifai]vt.&vi.使清楚;澄清deviate[ˈdi:vieit]vi.偏离;越轨induce[inˈdju:s]vt.引诱,劝导〈正〉引起,导致plus[plʌs]adj.正的比所示数量多的附加的,称心的,有利的n.加号,正号prep.(表示包容)外加;另有(表示运算)加,加上(表示数目)在零(度)以上,正tense[tens]adj.拉紧的肌肉绷紧的神经紧张的n.〈语〉(动词的)时态vt.(使某人或某物)变得紧张accompany[əˈkʌmpəni]vt.陪伴,陪同伴随…同时发生伴奏commodity[kəˈmɔditi]n.商品,货物有用的东西displace[disˈpleis]vt.替换,取代移走inevitable[inˈevitəbl]adj.不可避免的,必然发生的〈非正〉总会发生的,照例必有的,惯常的practitioner[prækˈtiʃənə]n.习艺者,实习者从业者(尤指医师)terminate[ˈtə:mineit]vt.&vi.结束;使终结accumulate[əˈkju:mjuleit]vt.&vi.堆积;积累complement[ˈkɔmplimənt]n.补充,互为补充的东西需要的或允许的数额补足语vt.补足,补充drama[ˈdrɑ:mə]n.戏剧,剧本戏剧文学[艺术]戏剧性事件[场面] infrastructure[ˈinfrəˌstrʌktʃə]n.基础设施;基础结构predominant[priˈdɔminənt]adj.占主导地位的,显著的theme[θi:m]n.主题,主旨,题目ambiguous[æmˈbiɡjuəs]adj.引起歧义的;模棱两可的,含糊不清的conform[kənˈfɔ:m]vi.遵守,符合顺应,一致eventual[iˈventjuəl]adj.(事件)最终发生的;结果的inspect[inˈspekt]vt.检查,检验视察prospect[ˈprɔspekt]n.景象,景色前景;前途可能成为主顾的人;有希望的候选人vi.勘探;勘察thereby[ˈðɛəbai]adv.由此;因而append[əˈpend]vt.附加contemporary[kənˈtempərəri]adj.当代的同时代的,同属一个时期的n.同代人,同龄人exhibit[iɡˈzibit]n.展览品,陈列品在法庭提出的证物vt.显示,显出vt.&vi.陈列;展览intense[inˈtens]adj.强烈的,剧烈的;极端的热情的,热切的紧张的,认真的radical[ˈrædikəl]adj.根本的,基本的;彻底的,完全的激进的,激进派的uniform[ˈju:nifɔ:m]adj.全都相同的,一律的,清一色的n.制服appreciate[əˈpri:ʃieit]vt.感激,感谢欣赏,赏识,重视意识到,体会vt.&vi.(使)增值,涨价contradict[ˌkɔntrəˈdikt]vt.与…发生矛盾,与…抵触vt.&vi.反驳,否认…的真实性exploit[iksˈplɔit]n.业绩,功绩,功勋,事迹vt.开采;开发剥削manipulate[məˈnipjuleit]vt.熟练控制[操作]random[ˈrændəm]adj.任意的;无计划的(统计)随机的vehicle[ˈvi:ɪkl]n.交通工具,车辆传播媒介,手段arbitrary[ˈɑ:bitrəri]adj.随意的,主观的专横的,独断专行的crucial[ˈkru:ʃəl]adj.决定性的,紧要关头的fluctuate[ˈflʌktjueit]vi.波动,涨落,起伏minimise[ˈminimaiz]vt.把…减至最低数量[程度]对(某事物)作最低估计;极力贬低(某事物)的价值[重要性]reinforce[ˌri:ɪnˈfɔ:s]vt.增强;加强via[ˈvaiə]prep.(表示方式)通过(某人),凭借(某种手段)(表示关涉)经由,经过automate[ˈɔ:təmeit]vt.&vi.(使)自动化currency[ˈkʌrənsi]n.通货,货币流通,通用,流行guideline[ˈɡaidlain]n.指导方针,准则nuclear[ˈnju:kliə]adj.核的,原子核的使用或生产核能的restore[riˈstɔ:]vt.归还;交还使恢复修复;重建virtual[ˈvə:tjuəl]adj.实质上的,事实上的,实际上的bias[ˈbaiəs]n.偏见,偏心,偏袒vt.使倾向于denote[diˈnəut]vt.为…的符号;为…的名称指示;指出highlight[ˈhailait]n.最精彩的部分,最重要的事情vt.强调,突出,使显著。

英语作文必备词汇1. Academic Achievement: 学术成就- Thesis: 论文- Dissertation: 博士论文- Curriculum: 课程- Syllabus: 教学大纲- Scholar: 学者- Academician: 学术界人士- Research: 研究- Publication: 发表2. Personal Development: 个人发展- Self-improvement: 自我提升- Ambition: 雄心- Aspiration: 愿望- Goal: 目标- Milestone: 里程碑- Growth: 成长- Progress: 进步3. Communication: 交流- Dialogue: 对话- Discussion: 讨论- Debate: 辩论- Negotiation: 协商- Feedback: 反馈- Clarification: 澄清4. Cultural Exchange: 文化交流- Tradition: 传统- Heritage: 遗产- Festival: 节日- Customs: 风俗- Diversity: 多样性- Integration: 融合5. Environmental Issues: 环境问题- Conservation: 保护- Sustainability: 可持续性- Pollution: 污染- Ecosystem: 生态系统- Climate Change: 气候变化- Renewable Energy: 可再生能源6. Technology Advancement: 技术进步- Innovation: 创新- Artificial Intelligence: 人工智能- Robotics: 机器人技术- Cybersecurity: 网络安全- Digitalization: 数字化7. Economic Growth: 经济增长- Prosperity: 繁荣- Economy: 经济- Market: 市场- Investment: 投资- GDP (Gross Domestic Product): 国内生产总值8. Social Issues: 社会问题- Equality: 平等- Discrimination: 歧视- Poverty: 贫困- Education: 教育- Healthcare: 医疗保健9. Travel and Exploration: 旅行与探索 - Adventure: 冒险- Destination: 目的地- Culture: 文化- Itinerary: 行程- Souvenir: 纪念品10. Health and Fitness: 健康与健身- Exercise: 运动- Diet: 饮食- Wellness: 健康- Yoga: 瑜伽- Meditation: 冥想11. Education System: 教育体系- Curriculum: 课程- Examination: 考试- Lecture: 讲座- Tutorial: 辅导课- Scholarship: 奖学金12. Career and Employment: 职业与就业 - Career: 职业- Job: 工作- Resume: 简历- Interview: 面试- Promotion: 晋升13. Art and Literature: 艺术与文学- Novel: 小说- Poetry: 诗歌- Drama: 戏剧- Sculpture: 雕塑- Painting: 绘画14. Science and Research: 科学与研究- Hypothesis: 假设- Experiment: 实验- Theory: 理论- Data: 数据- Analysis: 分析15. Globalization: 全球化- Internationalization: 国际化- Global Market: 全球市场- Multinational Corporation: 跨国公司- Cultural Exchange: 文化交流- Global Warming: 全球变暖这些词汇可以帮助你构建英语作文的框架，无论是描述学术研究、个人成长、社会问题还是文化差异，都能提供丰富的表达资源。

2024年考研英语写作核心词汇考研英语写作在整个考研英语中占据着重要的地位，而掌握核心词汇则是写好作文的关键。

以下为大家梳理 2024 年考研英语写作中可能会涉及到的核心词汇。

一、教育类“教育”这个主题在考研英语写作中经常出现。

相关核心词汇有：“education”（教育），这是最基础也是最常用的词汇。

“academic”（学术的），例如“academic performance”（学业表现）。

“curriculum”（课程），比如“curriculum design”（课程设计）。

“tuition”（学费），“tuition fee”（学费费用）。

“qualification”（资格，资质），常见表达“professional qualification”（专业资质）。

“instructor”（指导教师），比“teacher”更正式一些。

“enrollment”（招生，注册），如“enrollment rate”（招生率）。

“pedagogy”（教育学，教学法），这个词相对较专业。

二、科技类在当今科技飞速发展的时代，科技类词汇在写作中也不可或缺。

“technology”（技术），“advanced technology”（先进技术）。

“innovation”（创新），“technological innovation”（技术创新）。

“digital”（数字的），“digital era”（数字时代）。

“cyberspace”（网络空间）。

“automation”（自动化），“industrial automation”（工业自动化）。

“artificial intelligence”（人工智能），简称“AI”。

“big data”（大数据）。

“virtual reality”（虚拟现实），简称“VR”。

三、社会类社会现象和问题也是考研英语写作的常见话题。

“society”（社会），“modern society”（现代社会）。

留学Essay写作常用词汇Essay写作也是留学申请文书中的重要组成部分，那么如何写好Essay呢，肯定要掌握一些写作词汇，这样才能写出高逼格的Essay，和小编一起来看看留学Essay写作常用词汇。

Essay常用词汇之个人品质able 有才干的，能干的 adaptable 适应性强的active 主动的，活跃的 aggressive 有进取心的ambitious 有雄心壮志的 amiable 和蔼可亲的amicable 友好的 analytical 善于分析的apprehensive 有理解力的 aspiring 有志气的，有抱负的audacious 大胆的，有冒险精神的 capable 有能力的，有才能的careful 办理仔细的 candid 正直的competent 能胜任的 constructive 建设性的cooperative 有合作精神的 creative 富创造力的dedicated 有奉献精神的 dependable 可靠的diplomatic 老练的，有策略的 disciplined 守纪律的dutiful 尽职的 well--educated 受过良好教育的efficient 有效率的 energetic 精力充沛的expressivity 善于表达 faithful 守信的，忠诚的frank 直率的，真诚的 generous 宽宏大量的genteel 有教养的 gentle 有礼貌的humorous 有幽默 impartial 公正的independent 有主见的 industrious 勤奋的ingenious 有独创性的 motivated 目的明确的intelligent 理解力强的 learned 精通某门学问的logical 条理分明的 methodical 有方法的modest 谦虚的 objective 客观的precise 一丝不苟的 punctual 严守时刻的realistic 实事求是的 responsible 负责的sensible 明白事理的 sporting 光明正大的steady 踏实的 systematic 有系统的purposeful 意志坚强的 sweet-tempered 性情温和的temperate 稳健的 tireless 孜孜不倦的-----------------------------------Essay常用词汇之教育程度education 学历 educational history 学历educational background 教育程度 curriculum 课程major 主修 minor 副修educational highlights 课程重点部分 curriculum included 课程包括specialized courses 专门课程 courses taken 所学课程special training 特别训练 social practice 社会实践part-time jobs 业余工作 summer jobs 暑期工作vacation jobs 假期工作 refresher course 进修课程extracurricular activities 课外活动 physical activities 体育活动recreational activities 娱乐活动 academic activities 学术活动social activities 社会活动 rewards 奖励scholarship 奖学金 excellent League member 优秀团员excellent leader 优秀干部 student council 学生会off-job training 脱产培训 in-job training 在职培训educational system 学制 academic year 学年semester 学期(美) term 学期(英)supervisor 论文导师 pass 及格fail 不及格 marks 分数examination 考试 degree 学位post doctorate 博士后 doctor(Ph.D) 博士master 硕士 bachelor 学士graduate student 研究生 abroad student 留学生abroad student 留学生 undergraduate 大学肆业生government-supported student 公费生 commoner 自费生extern 走读生 intern 实习生prize fellow 奖学金生 boarder 寄宿生graduate 毕业生 guest student 旁听生(英)auditor 旁听生(美) day-student 走读生-------------------------------------Essay常用词汇之工作经历work experience 工作经历 occupational history 工作经历professional history 职业经历 specific experience 具体经历responsibilities 职责 second job 第二职业achievements 工作成就，业绩 administer 管理assist 辅助 adapted to 适应于accomplish 完成(任务等) appointed 被认命的adept in 善于 analyze 分析authorized 委任的;核准的 behave 表现break the record 打破纪录 breakthrough 关键问题的解决control 控制 conduct 经营，处理cost 成本;费用 create 创造demonstrate 证明，示范 decrease 减少design 设计 develop 开发，发挥devise 设计，发明 direct 指导double 加倍，翻一番 earn 获得，赚取effect 效果，作用 eliminate 消除enlarge 扩大 enrich 使丰富exploit 开发(资源，产品) enliven 搞活establish 设立(公司等);使开业 evaluation 估价，评价execute 实行，实施 expedite 加快;促进generate 产生 good at 擅长于guide 指导;操纵 improve 改进，提高initiate 创始，开创 innovate 改革，革新invest 投资 integrate 使结合;使一体化justified 经证明的;合法化的 launch 开办(新企业) maintain 保持;维修 modernize 使现代化negotiate 谈判 nominated 被提名;被认命的overcome 克服 perfect 使完善;改善perform 执行，履行 profit 利润be promoted to 被提升为 be proposed as 被提名(推荐)为realize 实现(目标)获得(利润) reconstruct 重建recorded 记载的 refine 精练，精制registered 已注册的 regenerate 更新，使再生replace 接替，替换 retrieve 挽回revenue 收益，收入 scientific 科学的，系统的self-dependence 自力更生 serve 服务，供职settle 解决(问题等) shorten 减低……效能simplify 简化，精简 spread 传播，扩大standard 标准，规格 supervises 监督，管理supply 供给，满足 systematize 使系统化test 试验，检验 well-trained 训练有素的valuable 有价值的 target 目标，指标working model 劳动模范 advanced worker 先进工作者------------------------------------Essay常用词汇之个人资料name 姓名 in. 英寸pen name 笔名 ft. 英尺alias 别名 street 街Mr. 先生 road 路Miss 小姐 district 区Ms (小姐或太太) house number 门牌Mrs. 太太 lane 胡同，巷age 年龄 height 身高bloodtype 血型 weight 体重address 地址 born 生于permanent address 永久住址 birthday 生日province 省 birthdate 出生日期city 市 birthplace 出生地点county 县 home phone 住宅电话prefecture 专区 office phone 办公电话autonomous region 自治区 business phone 办公电话nationality 民族;国籍 current address 目前住址citizenship 国籍 date of birth 出生日期native place 籍贯 postal code 邮政编码duel citizenship 双重国籍 marital status 婚姻状况family status 家庭状况 married 已婚single 未婚 divorced 离异separated 分居 number of children 子女人数health condition 健康状况 health 健康状况excellent (身体)极佳 short-sighted 近视far-sighted 远视 ID card 身份证date of availability 可到职时间 membership 会员、资格president 会长 vice-president 副会长director 理事 standing director 常务理事society 学会 association 协会secretary-general 秘书长 research society 研究会----------------------------------------Essay常用词汇之其它内容应聘职位objective 目标 position desired 希望职位job objective 工作目标 employment objective 工作目标career objective 职业目标 position sought 谋求职位position wanted 希望职位 position applied for 申请职位离职原因for more specialized work 为更专门的工作for prospects of promotion 为晋升的前途for higher responsibility 为更高层次的工作责任for wider experience 为扩大工作经验due to close-down of company 由于公司倒闭 due to expiry of employment 由于雇用期满sought a better job 找到了更好的工作 to seek a better job 找一份更好的工作业余爱好hobbies 业余爱好 play the guitar 弹吉他reading 阅读 play chess 下棋play 话剧 long distance running 长跑play bridge 打桥牌 collecting stamps 集邮play tennis 打网球 jogging 慢跑sewing 缝纫 travelling 旅游listening to symphony 听交响乐 do some clay scultures 搞泥塑。

路漫漫其修远兮，吾将上下而求索 - 百度文库1. abandon 12. abandoned adj3. abnormal adj4. abstract 15. abstract 26. abstract 37. abstraction n8. academic9. academic 210. academy n11. access 112. access 213. accessible adj14. accommodate v15. accommodation n16. accompaniment n17. accompany v18. accumulate v19. accuracy n20. accurate adj21. achieve v22. achievement n23. acknowledge v24. acknowledgement n25. acquire v26. acquisition n27. adapt v28. adaptable adj29. adaptation n30. adequate adj31. adjacent adj32. adjust v33. adjustment n路漫漫其修远兮，吾将上下而求索 - 百度文库34. administration n35. administrative adj36. adult 137. adult 238. advocacy n39. advocate 140. advocate 241. affect v42. aggregate 143. aggregate 244. aggregate 345. aid 146. aid 247. albeit conj48. allocate v49. allocation n50. alter v51. alteration n52. alternate 153. alternate 254. alternative 155. alternative 256. ambiguity n57. ambiguous adj58. amend v59. amendment n60. analogous adj61. analogy n62. analyse v63. analysis n64. analyst n65. analytical adj66. analyze v路漫漫其修远兮，吾将上下而求索 - 百度文库67. annual 168. anticipate v69. anticipation n70. apparent adj71. append v72. appendix n73. appreciable adj74. appreciate v75. appreciation n76. approach 177. approach 278. appropriate 179. approximate 180. approximate 281. approximation n82. arbitrary adj83. area n84. aspect n85. assemble v86. assembly n87. assess v88. assessment n89. assign v90. assignment n91. assist 192. assistance n93. assume v94. assuming conj95. assumption n96. assurance n97. assure v98. attach v99. attachment n路漫漫其修远兮，吾将上下而求索 - 百度文库100. attain v101. attainment n102. attitude n103. attributable adj104. attribute 1105. attribute 2106. author 1107. author 2108. authoritative adj109. authority n110. authorship n111. automate v112. automated adj113. automatic 1114. automatically adv115. automation n116. available adj117. aware adj118. awareness n119. behalf n120. beneficial adj 121. beneficiary n 122. benefit 1 123. benefit 2 124. bias 1 125. bias 2 126. biased adj 127. bond 1 128. bond 2 129. brevity n 130. brief 1 131. brief 2 132. brief 3路漫漫其修远兮，吾将上下而求索 - 百度文库133. briefing n134. briefly adv135. bulk 1136. bulky adj137. capability n138. capable adj139. capacity n140. category n141. cease 1142. challenge 1143. challenge 2144. challenging adj145. channel 1146. channel 2147. chapter n148. chart 1149. chart 2150. chemical 1151. chemical 2152. circumstance n153. citation n 154. cite v 155. civil adj 156. clarification n 157. clarify v 158. clarity n 159. classic 1 160. classic 2 161. classical adj 162. clause n 163. code 1 164. code 2 165. coded adj路漫漫其修远兮，吾将上下而求索 - 百度文库166. coding n167. coherence n168. coherent adj169. coincide v170. coincidence n171. coincident adj172. coincidental adj173. collapse 1174. collapse 2175. colleague n176. commence v177. commencement n178. comment 1179. comment 2180. commentary n181. commentator n182. commission 1183. commission 2184. commit v185. commitment n186. committed adj 187. commodity n 188. communicable adj 189. communicate v 190. communication n 191. communicative adj 192. community n 193. compatibility n 194. compatible 1 195. compensate v 196. compensation n 197. compensatory adj 198. compilation n路漫漫其修远兮，吾将上下而求索 - 百度文库199. compile v200. complement 1201. complement 2202. complementary adj203. complex 1204. complex 2205. complexity n206. component 1207. component 2208. compound 1209. compound 2210. compound 3211. comprehensive adj212. comprise v213. computation n214. compute v215. computer n216. computing n217. conceivable adj218. conceive v219. concentrate 1 220. concentration n 221. concept n 222. conception n 223. conceptual adj 224. conclude v 225. concluding adj 226. conclusion n 227. conclusive adj 228. concurrent adj 229. conduct 1 230. conduct 2 231. confer v路漫漫其修远兮，吾将上下而求索 - 百度文库232. conference n233. confine v234. confined adj235. confirm v236. confirmation n237. conflict 1238. conflict 2239. conform v240. conformation n241. conformist adj242. conformity n243. consensus n244. consent 1245. consent 2246. consequence n247. consequent adj248. consequently adv249. considerable adj250. considerably adv251. consist v252. consistency n 253. consistent adj 254. constancy n 255. constant 1 256. constant 2 257. constantly adv 258. constituency n 259. constituent 1 260. constituent 2 261. constitute v 262. constitution n 263. constitutional 1 264. constrain v路漫漫其修远兮，吾将上下而求索 - 百度文库265. constrained adj266. constraint n267. construct 1268. construct 2269. construction n270. constructive adj271. consult v272. consultancy n273. consultant n274. consultation n275. consultative adj276. consume v277. consumer n278. consumption n279. contact 1280. contact 2281. contact 3282. contemporary 1283. contemporary 2284. context n285. contextual adj 286. contextualize v 287. contract 1 288. contract 2 289. contractor n 290. contradict v 291. contradiction n 292. contradictory adj 293. contrary 1 294. contrary 2 295. contrast 1 296. contrast 2 297. contrasting adj路漫漫其修远兮，吾将上下而求索 - 百度文库298. contribute v299. contribution n300. contributor n301. controversial adj302. controversy n303. convene v304. convention n305. conventional adj306. converse 3307. conversely adv308. conversion n309. convert 1310. convertible311. convince v312. convinced adj313. convincing adj314. cooperate v315. cooperation n316. cooperative 1317. coordinate 1318. coordinate 2 319. coordinate 3 320. coordination n 321. coordinator n 322. core 1323. core 2324. core 3325. corporate adj 326. corporation n 327. correspond v 328. correspondence n 329. corresponding adj 330. couple 1路漫漫其修远兮，吾将上下而求索 - 百度文库331. couple 2332. create v333. creation n334. creative 1335. creativity n336. creator n337. credit 1338. credit 2339. creditor n340. criterion n341. crucial adj342. cultural adj343. culturally adv344. culture 1345. currency n346. cycle 1347. cycle 2348. cyclic adj349. data n350. debatable adj351. debate 1352. debate 2353. decade n354. decline 1355. decline 2356. deduce v357. deduction n 358. define v359. definite adj 360. definitely adv 361. definition n 362. definitive adj 363. demonstrable adj路漫漫其修远兮，吾将上下而求索 - 百度文库364. demonstrate v365. demonstration n366. demonstrative adj367. demonstrator n368. denial n369. denote v370. deny v371. depress v372. depression n373. derivation n374. derivative 1375. derivative 2376. derive v377. design 1378. design 2379. designer 1380. despite prep381. detect v382. detection n383. detective n384. detector n 385. deviate 1 386. deviation n 387. device n 388. devote v 389. devoted adj 390. devotion n 391. differentiate v 392. dimension n 393. diminish v 394. diminution n 395. discrete adj 396. discretion n路漫漫其修远兮，吾将上下而求索 - 百度文库397. discretionary adj398. discriminate v399. discrimination n400. disestablish v401. displace v402. displacement n403. display 1404. display 2405. disposable adj406. disposal n407. dispose v408. disproportion n409. disproportionate adj410. dissimilar adj411. distinct adj412. distinction n413. distinctive adj414. distinctly adv415. distort v416. distribute v417. distribution n 418. distributive adj 419. diverse adj 420. diversify v 421. diversity n 422. document 1 423. document 2 424. documentation n 425. domain n 426. domestic 1 427. domesticate v 428. domesticated adj 429. dominance n路漫漫其修远兮，吾将上下而求索 - 百度文库430. dominant 1431. dominate v432. draft 1433. draft 2434. draft 3435. drama n436. dramatic adj437. dramatist n438. dramatize v439. duration n440. dynamic 1441. dynamic 2442. economic adj443. economical adj444. economically adv445. economics n446. economist n447. economy 1448. edit v449. edition n450. editor n 451. editorial 1 452. editorial 2 453. element n 454. eliminate v 455. elimination n 456. emerge v 457. emergence n 458. emergent adj 459. emerging adj 460. emphasis n 461. emphasize v 462. emphatic adj路漫漫其修远兮，吾将上下而求索 - 百度文库463. empirical adj464. empiricism n465. enable v466. enabling adj467. encounter 1468. encounter 2469. energetic adj470. energy n471. enforce v472. enforced adj473. enforcement n474. enhance v475. enhanced adj476. enormity n477. enormous adj478. enormously adv479. ensure v480. entity n481. environment n482. environmental adj483. environmentalist n 484. equate v485. equation n486. equip v487. equipment n 488. equivalent 1 489. equivalent 2 490. erode v491. erosion n492. erroneous adj 493. error n494. establish v495. established adj路漫漫其修远兮，吾将上下而求索 - 百度文库496. establishment n497. estate n498. estimate 1499. estimate 2500. estimation n501. ethic n502. ethical adj503. ethnic 1504. adj505. ethnic 2506. evaluate v507. evaluation n508. eventual adj509. eventuality n510. eventually adv511. evidence 1512. evident adj513. evidential adj514. evidently adv515. evolution n516. evolutionary adj 517. evolve v 518. exceed v 519. exclude v 520. excluding prep 521. exclusion n 522. exclusive 1 523. exclusively adv 524. exhibit 1 525. exhibit 2 526. exhibition n 527. expand v 528. expansion n路漫漫其修远兮，吾将上下而求索 - 百度文库529. expansionism n530. expansive adj531. expert 1532. expert 2533. expertise n534. explicit adj535. exploit 1536. exploitation n537. export 1538. export 2539. exporter n540. expose v541. exposed adj542. exposure n543. external adj544. externalize v545. extract 1546. extract 2547. extraction n548. facilitate v549. facilitator n 550. facility n 551. factor 1 552. factor 2 553. feature 1 554. feature 2 555. federal adj 556. federation n 557. fee n 558. file 1 559. file 2 560. filing n 561. final 1路漫漫其修远兮，吾将上下而求索 - 百度文库562. final 2563. finality n564. finalize v565. finally adv566. finance 1567. finance 2568. financial adj569. financier n570. finite adj571. flexibility n572. flexible adj573. fluctuate v574. fluctuation n575. focus 1576. focus 2577. focussed adj578. format 1579. format 2580. formula n581. formulate v582. forthcoming adj 583. found 2584. foundation n 585. founder 1 586. founding n 587. framework n 588. function 1 589. function 2 590. functional adj 591. fund 1592. fund 2593. fundamental adj 594. fundamentally adv路漫漫其修远兮，吾将上下而求索 - 百度文库595. funding n596. furthermore adv597. gender n598. generate v599. generation n600. globalization n601. globe n602. goal n603. grade 1604. grade 2605. graded adj606. grant 1607. grant 2608. guarantee 1609. guarantee 2610. guideline n611. hence adv612. hierarchical adj613. hierarchy n614. highlight 1615. hypothesis n 616. hypothesize v 617. hypothetical adj 618. identical adj 619. identifiable adj 620. identification n 621. identify v 622. identity n 623. ideological adj 624. ideology n 625. ignorance n 626. ignorant adj 627. ignore v路漫漫其修远兮，吾将上下而求索 - 百度文库628. illegal 1629. illogical adj630. illustrate v631. illustration n632. illustrative adj633. image n634. imagery n635. immature adj636. immigrant n637. immigrate v638. immigration n639. impact 1640. impact 2641. implement 1642. implement 2643. implicate v644. implication n645. implicit adj646. imply v647. impose v648. imposition n 649. imprecise adj 650. inaccessible adj 651. inaccuracy n 652. inaccurate adj 653. inadequacy n 654. inadequate adj 655. inappropriate adj 656. incapable adj 657. incapacitate v 658. incentive n 659. incidence n 660. incident n路漫漫其修远兮，吾将上下而求索 - 百度文库661. incidentally adv662. inclination n663. incline 1664. incline 2665. incoherent adj666. income n667. incompatible adj668. inconceivable adj669. inconclusive adj670. inconsistency n671. inconsistent adj672. incorporate v673. incorporated adj674. indefinite adj675. indefinitely adv676. index 1677. index 2678. indicate v679. indication n680. indicative 1681. indicative 2 682. indicator n 683. indiscretion n 684. indistinct adj 685. individual 1 686. individual 2 687. individualism n 688. individualist n 689. individuality n 690. individually adv 691. induce v 692. induction n 693. inevitability n路漫漫其修远兮，吾将上下而求索 - 百度文库694. inevitable adj695. inevitably adv696. infer v697. inference n698. infinite adj699. infinitely adv700. inflexible adj701. infrastructure n702. inherent adj703. inhibit v704. inhibition n705. initial 1706. initially adv707. initiate 1708. initiation n709. initiative n710. initiator n711. injure v712. injured adj713. injury n714. innovate v 715. innovation n 716. innovative adj 717. innovator n 718. input 1 719. input 2 720. insecure adj 721. insert 1 722. insertion n 723. insight n 724. insightful adj 725. insignificant adj 726. inspect v路漫漫其修远兮，吾将上下而求索 - 百度文库727. inspection n728. inspector n729. instability n730. instance 1731. instance 2732. institute 1733. institute 2734. institution n735. institutional adj736. institutionalized adj737. instruct v738. instruction n739. instructive adj740. instructor n741. insufficient adj742. integral adj743. integrate v744. integrated adj745. integration n746. integrity n747. intelligence n 748. intelligent adj 749. intense adj 750. intensify v 751. intensity n 752. intensive adj 753. interact v 754. interaction n 755. interactive adj 756. intermediate 1 757. internal adj 758. internalize v 759. interpret v路漫漫其修远兮，吾将上下而求索 - 百度文库760. interpretation n761. interpretative adj762. interpretive adj763. interval n764. intervene v765. intervening adj766. intervention n767. intrinsic adj768. invalidate v769. invalidity n770. invariable adj771. invariably adv772. invest v773. investigate v774. investigation n775. investigative adj776. investigator n777. investment n778. investor n779. invisible adj780. invoke v 781. involve v 782. involvement n 783. irrational adj 784. irrelevance n 785. irrelevant adj 786. irreversible adj 787. isolate v 788. isolated adj 789. isolation n 790. isolationism n 791. issue 1 792. issue 2路漫漫其修远兮，吾将上下而求索 - 百度文库793. item n794. job n795. journal n796. justifiable adj797. justification n798. justified adj799. justify v800. label 1801. label 2802. labor n803. labored adj804. labour 1805. labour 2806. laboured adj807. layer 1808. layer 2809. lecture 1810. lecture 2811. lecturer n812. legal adj813. legality n 814. legally adv 815. legislate v 816. legislation n 817. legislative adj 818. legislator n 819. legislature n 820. levy 1 821. levy 2 822. liberal 1 823. liberal 2 824. liberalism n 825. liberalize v。

托福雅思高频学术词汇以下是托福雅思高频学术词汇：1. hypothesis 假设2. thesis 论点3. methodology 方法学4. analysis 分析5. conclusion 结论6. data 数据7. experiment 实验8. research 研究9. study 研究10. survey 调查11. theory 理论12. phenomenon 现象13. variable 变量14. sample 样本15. correlation 相关性16. observation 观察17. interpretation 解释18. literature 文献19. peer review 同行评审20. academic 学术的21. methodology 方法22. analysis 分析23. hypothesis 假设24. theory 理论25. research 研究26. experiment 实验27. data 数据28. sample 样本29. observation 观察30. result 结果31. conclusion 结论32. argument 论点33. subject 主题34. statistic 统计量35. significance 重要性36. correlation 相关性37. methodology 方法论38. validity 有效性39. reliability 可靠性40. replication 复制41. literature review 文献综述42. citation 引用43. publication 出版物44. academic journal 学术期刊45. peer-reviewed 同行评审的46. empirical 基于经验的47. quantitative 定量的48. qualitative 定性的49. analysis 方法分析50. methodology 方法论希望对你有帮助！。

1.Academic学术的2.Achievement成就3.Admission录取4.Advocate提倡5.Analysis分析6.Approach方法7.Argument论点8.Assessment评估9.Bibliography参考书目10.Capability能力11.Challenge挑战12.Collaboration合作13.Concept概念14.Conclude得出结论15.Contribution贡献16.Credibility可信度17.Curriculum课程18.Dedication奉献19.Demonstrate展示20.Diversity多样性21.Eligibility资格22.Employment就业23.Enhance提高24.Evaluation评价25.Expertise专业知识26.Faculty教师团队27.Fulfill完成28.Graduate毕业生29.Hypothesis假设30.Impact影响31.Innovation创新32.Institute学院33.Integrity诚信34.Interdisciplinary跨学科的35.Investigate调查36.Justify证明...是正当的37.Knowledge知识38.Literature文献39.Methodology方法论40.Objective目标41.Opportunity机会42.Outcome结果43.Paradigm范例44.Peerreviewed同行评审的45.Performance表现46.Perspective观点47.Philosophy哲学48.Plagiarism剽窃49.Portfolio作品集50.Potential潜力51.Presentation陈述52.Priority优先权53.Qualification资格54.Quantitative定量的55.Questionnaire问卷56.Recommendation推荐57.Reference参考文献58.Research研究59.Resilience恢复力60.Resource资源61.Scholar学者62.Scope范围63.Significance重要性64.Synthesis综合65.Systematic系统的66.Thesis论文67.Topic主题68.Tutorials辅导课69.Unique独特的70.Validation验证71.Versatile多才多艺的72.Vision视野73.Workshop研讨会74.Yield产出75.Zeal热情。

写作常用词1.经济的快速发展the rapid development of economy2.人民生活水平的显著提高/ 稳步增长the remarkable improvement/ steady growth of people’s living standard3.先进的科学技术advanced science and technology4.面临新的机遇和挑战be faced with new opportunities and challenges5.人们普遍认为It is commonly believed/ recognized that…6.社会发展的必然结果the inevitable result of social development7.引起了广泛的公众关注arouse wide public concern/ draw public attention8.不可否认It is undeniable that…/ There is no denying that…9.热烈的讨论/ 争论 a heated discussion/ debate10. 有争议性的问题a controversial issue11.完全不同的观点 a totally different argument12.一些人…而另外一些人…Some people…while others…13. 就我而言/ 就个人而言As far as I am concerned, / Personally,14.就…达到绝对的一致reach an absolute consensus on…15.有充分的理由支持be supported by sound reasons16.双方的论点argument on both sides17.发挥着日益重要的作用play an increasingly important role in…18.对…必不可少be indispensable to …19.正如谚语所说As the proverb goes:20.…也不例外…be no exception21.对…产生有利/不利的影响exert positive/ negative effects on…22.利远远大于弊the advantages far outweigh the disadvantages。