48Modeling and Meshing a Chemical Vapor Deposition ReactorFigure 1.3.5:Creating copies ofupcyl5.Begin renaming the newly created objects by first highlightingupcyl.1 from the tree. Click right mouse button and opt for EditObject. > inl1 and Sides family > inlet (this must be manuallyentered)7.Select Update and then Done to complete the operation.8.Highlight upcyl.2from tree.9.Change Name to docyl and press Apply.The model will now consist of three cylinders on top of each other.The sides of the central cylinder form the inlet. The intended flowis depicted in Figure 1.3.6.Modeling and Meshing a Chemical Vapor Deposition Reactor 49Figure 1.3.6:The intended flow forthe CVD reactor1.3.4: Creating ObjectsCreating CylindersCreate additional Cylinders by choosing Create cylinders iconfrom the top menu bar from each of following.Outduct1.Name > outduct 2.Plane > xz 3.C enter coordinates: (0.5, 0, 0.5)4.Height: 0.355.Radius: 0.156.Type > fluidNote: The changes are automatically implemented once the objectType is selected.Susceptor > susceptor2.Plane > xz3.C enter coordinates:(0.5, 0, 0.5)50Modeling and Meshing a Chemical Vapor Deposition Reactor4.Height: 0.375.Radius: 0.036.Type > hollowSusceptor Top > susc-top2.Plane > xz3.C enter coordinates: (0.5, 0.37, 0.5)4.Height: 0.035.Radius: 0.26.Type > hollowThe Cylinders created so far are shown in Figure 1.3.7.Figure 1.3.7:View of theCylinders created sofarCreating CirclesInlet1.Select Create circles icon from the top menu bar to create acircle. Select it from the tree and choose for Edit object uponclicking right mouse button. Together you get screen as shownin Figure 1.3.8.Modeling and Meshing a Chemical Vapor Deposition Reactor512.Change the Name to top-inl, signifying that this object will bethe top inlet to the reactor.3.Plane > X-Z4.C enter coordinates: (0.5, 0.5, 0.5)5.Radius: 0.036.Face family > inlet7.Press Update to complete the modifications.Figure 1.3.8:Circles edit windowwith specificationsfor top-inlNow create the remaining Circles using Create circles icon fromthe top menu barSubstrate > substrate2.Plane > X-Z3.C enter coordinates: (0.5, 0, 0.5)4.Radius: 0.25.Select Update and Done to complete the operation.Outlet > outlet52Modeling and Meshing a Chemical Vapor Deposition Reactor2.Plane > X-Z3.C enter coordinates: (0.5, 0, 0.5)4.Radius: 0.155.Face family > outlet (The user should enter this manually).6.Press Update and Done.The geometry for the CVD Reactor is now complete (Figure 1.3.9). Figure 1.3.9:Complete CVDreactor, with thecreated Circlesactivated1.3.5: Mesh GenerationCreating Cartesian Mesh1.From the AutoHexa viewing window, select Model > Gener-ate mesh to open the Mesh control window shown in Figure1.3.10. This is where all the mesh utilities are accessible.2.Select Mesh type > Cartesian to create a grid that is alignedwith the coordinate axes and quickly generated. Using thedefault parameters, select Generate mesh.Modeling and Meshing a Chemical Vapor Deposition Reactor53 Figure 1.3.10:Mesh controlwindow with thedefault parameters forthis tutorialCut planes1.Begin by Orienting the model to the Home position.2.Toggle on Mesh control > Display > Cut plane > Set position> Vertical - screen select.3.Click the left-mouse button in the center of the Domain in theAutoHexa viewing window.4.Orient > Orient positive X, and then select Mesh control >Display > Display mesh to obtain the diagram shown by Fig-ure 1.3.11.54Modeling and Meshing a Chemical Vapor Deposition ReactorFigure 1.3.11:Mesh cut plane asseen from thepositive X view usingdefault parametersLimiting Element Size1.The large element size may be controlled by adjusting the Uni-form spacing. Select Mesh control > Generate > Uniformspacing > (X count, Y count, Z count) > (50, 50, 50).2.Press Generate mesh to recalculate the mesh with the modi-fied counts. The new mesh should yield much finer mesh (i.e.50x50x50 nodes in a regular grid).3. Refer to Figure 1.3.12 to see the newly defined mesh cut plane. Figure 1.3.12:Diagram of the meshcut plane with newlyspecified X, Y, and Zcounts and higherelement count thanwhile using defaultparametersModeling and Meshing a Chemical Vapor Deposition Reactor55 Surface Elements1.To view the mesh on various parts of the reactor itself, first turnoff the Mesh control > Display > Cut plane utility for aclearer view.2.Select Display tab and turn on Surface and Current type. Thiscreates a mesh on the current object type that is selected fromthe Model menu. In this situation, the current object type isCircle. The mesh will appear as in Figure 1.3.13.Figure 1.3.13:Reactor with Surfaceelements meshdisplayed on currentobject type Circles.3.Select File > Save project from the AutoHexa viewing win-dow to save both the model and the mesh.56Modeling and Meshing a Chemical Vapor Deposition Reactor57Tutorial Example 1.4: Modeling and Meshing a LabOverview This tutorial, like the first tutorial, will focus on creating alaboratory for analyzation of the airflow through the room.Ventilation ducts on one side of the lab will supply air to the room,and a large fan on the other side of the lab will act as an outlet vent.The air will need to travel through the room, over and around thecreated obstructions, and depart through the exit vent. Thissimulation will illustrate the flow distribution inside of the room,allowing us to place the ventilation ducts at optimal locations thatare most beneficial to the occupant.Operations introduced in this example Starting a New Project•Initializing AutoHexa and beginning the projectCreating Objects•Developing the model, utilizing Domain, Hexas, Cylinders, Polygons, Circles andQuadsCopying Objects•Creating multiple entities by copy ing previously createdgeometryCreating Groups of Objects•Placing multiple objects into one Group, easing the copy ingprocessMoving Objects•Utilizing the Move function to translate geometrical entitiesinto new locationsMesh Generation•Generating Hexa mesh•Modifying the Per-object params•Generating Tetra meshConfiguration Options•Altering the Minimum object separation•Sorting the object edit lists, AlphabeticallyPrinting Screen•Doing Annotation, adding markers and getting a hardcopy ofthe modelSummary Creation•Accessing a summary of the specifications used in the cre-ation of the model1.4.1: Starting the Project1.Load ICEM CFD to open the main Mesh Editor viewingscreen, as well as the MED messages window and the Displaywindow. A File selection window should also appear, with theprompt to Select an ICEM CFD project to open,2.Type the new project name as tutorial-4 and pressAccept.3.Meshing > AutoHexa will initialize the AutoHexa modelingsystem.1.4.2: Creating ObjectsCreating the Domain1.Begin the creation of the territory of the laboratory by selectingModel > Domain from the tree.2.Resize the Domain with the following assignments: S tartpoints > (xS, yS, zS) -> (0, 0, 0) and E nd points > (xE, yE, zE)-> (10, 5, 6)3.Press Apply to activate the changes.4.Notice that the Domain is larger than the viewing window --select Orient > Isometric view to achieve a better view asshown in Figure 1.4.1.Figure 1.4.1:The modified domainCreating the HexasThe Divider1.To begin creation of the divider, select Create hexas icon fromthe top menu bar. > divider3.S tart points: (1, 0, 2.5) and E nd points: (6,4.5, 2.6)4.Select the object Type > hollow, since it is unnecessary to sim-ulate the heat transfer within the divider.Note: The changes are automatically activated when the objectType is assigned.5.Upon examination of the model, the user should notice that thedivider does not touch the wall on the low end of the X-axis.This entity may be moved by selecting Options > Interactiveediting from the tree. Toggle off Y and Z (Figure 1.4.2). Thisrestricts the motion of the divider to only along the X-axis. Figure 1.4.2:Restricting themotion of the divider6.Move the cursor to an edge of the divider. While holding theshift key down, press the middle mouse button, and drag thedivider towards the low end of the X axis, so that the divider isagainst the wall (Figure 1.4.3). The new S tart points are (0, 0,2.5), and the E nd points are (5, 4.5, 2.6).Figure 1.4.3:The new position ofthe dividerThe Worktable1.Click on Create hexas icon to create a new Hexa. > wktable3.S tart points: (6, 0, 3) and E nd points: (10, 1, 4)4.Type > solid5.Press ApplyThe Machine1. Click on Create hexas icon to create a new Hexa. > machine3.S tart points: (7, 1, 3.25) and E nd points: (10, 1.5, 3.75)4.Type > solid5.Press ApplyThe Person1.To begin creation of a person standing in front of the machine,click on Create hexas icon to create a new Hexa. > body3.S tart points: (6, 0,4.25) and E nd points: (7, 1.25, 4.5)4.Type > solid5.Press Apply6.To create the person’s head, click on Create hexas icon to cre-ate a new Hexa. > head8.S tart points: (6.25, 1.75, 4.25) and E nd points: (6.75, 2, 4.5)9.Type > solid10.Press Apply11.The person’s body and head is now complete. Refer to Figure1.4.4 to see the completed geometry created so far.Figure 1.4.4:The completegeometry created sofar1.4.3: Copying ObjectsThe Drawers1.The user will now add a file cabinet with three drawers to themodel. Click on Create hexas icon to create a new Hexa. > drawer13.S tart points: (0, 0, 0) and E nd points: (1, 0.5, 0.5)4.Type > solid5.The remaining drawers will have identical dimensions to thefirst drawer. To begin the Copy ing process, highlight drawer1from the Tree, click right mouse button on it and select Copyobject to obtain the Copy objects window, as shown in Figure1.4.5. Enter the following values.6.Number of copies > 27.Translate > Y offset > 0.5Figure 1.4.5:Copy panel8.Press Apply to create the remaining drawers. Proceed to pressDone.9.Highlight drawer1.1 from the tree and change its Name todrawer2. Select Apply when complete.10.Highlight drawer1.2 from the tree and change its Name todrawer3. Press Apply to update the change.Figure 1.4.6:The Hexas list can bemodifiedNote: Any of the three drawer s may be temporarily removed fromthe model in order to vary the conditions for the simulated flow.This is achieved by first selecting the desired object from the tree,pressing right button and then unselecting the Active option.Toggling on Active from the Inactive group from the tree, willreactivate the entity. To permanently remove an object from themodel, the user should first highlight the desired entity, and thenproceed to select Delete. This object then would show under Trashin the tree. The Undo option, however, can cancel the last action.1.4.4: Creating ObjectsCreating the PolygonThe Chair1.The user will now create a chair located next to the file cabinet.Click on Create polygons icon to create a new polygon.(Refer to Figure 1.4.7). > chair3.Plane > xy4. Height > 0.755.Highlight vert1 > (x1, y1, z1) -> (0, 1.25, 1)6.Highlight vert2 > (x2, y2, z2) -> (1.5, 0, ~)7.Highlight vert3 > (x3, y3, z3) -> (0, 0, ~)8.Type > solid9.Press Apply.Figure 1.4.7:Creation of chairusing polygons.10.Highlight vert1, as shown in Figure 1.4.711.Press Add once to create another vertex, vert2, and assign (x2,y2, z2) the values of (0.75, 0.5, ~).12.Press Add once again, creating vert3. (x3, y3, z3) > (1.5, 0.5, ~)13.To complete the chair and update the changes, select Apply.Refer to Figure 1.4.8 for the final shape of the chair.Figure 1.4.8:The final chairCreating the CylindersThe Table-legs1.Click on Create cylinders icon to create a new cylinder tobegin creation of the table-legs. > tleg13.Plane > xz4.C enter coordinates: (xC, yC, zC) > (2.25, 0, 0.5)5.Height: 0.756.Radius: 0.057.Type > solid8.To create tleg2, the user will copy tleg1. Highlight tleg1 fromthe tree,click right mouse button on it and select Copy object.This will open the Copy objects window.9.Number of copies > 110.Translate > X offset -> 1 > Y offset -> 0 > Z offset -> 011.Select Apply to create the copy, and then Done.12.Highlight tleg1.1 from the tree and change the Name to tleg2.13.Select Apply when complete with renaming the copied table-leg. Refer to Figure 1.4.9Figure 1.4.9:Geometry with Finaltable legs1.4.5: Creating Groups of Objects1.To place tleg1 and tleg2 into a group, access the tree. Clickright mouse button on Groups there and choose Create. > tlegs3.Select Orient > Orient negative Y. This will adjust the view,making tleg1 and tleg2 easily accessible.4.Right click on Groups > tlegs and choose Add > ScreenSelect.5.With the shift - left mouse button, select tleg1 and tleg2, turningthe entities red in color. Their names will appear under the treeas shown in Figure 1.4.10. Press shift - right mouse button toexit out of this selection mode.Figure 1.4.10:The tree6.To create the remaining table legs, the user should copy thenewly established group. In the tree, highlight tlegs underGroups, right click and then select Copy group. This willopen the Copy group tlegs window.7.Number of copies > 18.Translate > X offset -> 0 > Y offset -> 0 > Z offset -> 19.Press Apply to add the remaining table legs, and then Done.10.Highlight tleg1.1 from the tree, and change the Name to tleg3.Select Apply to activate the change.11.Highlight tleg2.1 from the tree, and change the Name to tleg4.Select Apply to activate the change.1.4.6: Creating ObjectsCreating the QuadsThe Table-top1.Click on Create quads icon to create a new quad. > ttop3.Plane > xz4.S tart points: (2, 0.75, 0.25) and E nd points: (3.5, ~, 1.75)5.Press Apply to complete the operationThe Inlet vents1.Click on Create quads icon to create a new quad > inl13.Plane > xy4.S tart points: (1, 0, 6) and E nd points: (4, 1, ~)5.Select this object from the tree, click right mouse button andchoose Edit object. Go to Properties and say Face family > inlet (The user will need to manually enter this assignment).6.Select Done to complete the first inlet.7.To create inl2, the user will need to copy inl1. Highlight inl1from the tree, click right mouse button and select Copy object to open the Copy objects window.8.Number of copies > 19.Translate > X offset -> 5 > Y offset -> 0 > Z offset -> 010.Select Apply > Done,11.Highlight inl1.1 and change the Name from inl1.1 to inl212.Select Apply to complete the operation. Refer to Figure 1.4.11for the completed quads.Figure 1.4.11:Geometry withcompleted quads1.4.7: Moving ObjectsThe air will enter the room via the inlet and exit via outlet fan thatwill be constructed during this section.Creating the CirclesThe Outlets1.Click on Create circles icon to create a new circle. > out13.Plane > xy4.C enter coordinates: (2.5, 2.5, 0)5.Radius: 0.756.Select this object from the tree, click right mouse button andchoose Edit object.Go to Properties and say Face family >outlet (The user will manually enter this assignment).7.Select Done to complete the outlet.8.Observing the configuration, the user should notice that out1 ispoorly situated behind the room divider. Alter its location byselecting Move object up on clicking right mouse button onout1 in the tree.9.Translate > X offset -> 5 > Y offset -> 0 > Z offset -> 010.Select Apply to move out1 to its new position, thus enabling itto remove hot air more efficiently.11.Select Done to complete the operation, and notice that the xCcenter coordinate in the Edit window has increased by 5 unitsto 7.5, as shown in Figure 1.4.12.Figure 1.4.12:New center positionof the circleThe Exhausting Create circles icon, the user will create an exhaust fan.Click on Create circles icon to create a new circle. > exhaust3.Plane > yz4.C enter coordinates: (10, 4, 3.5)5.Radius: 0.26.Select Apply to update the parameters.Creating the CylindersThe Tube1.The user will now create the tube needed to transport the hot airmoved by the exhaust fan, through the machine. Click on Cre-ate cylinders icon to create a new cylinder. > tube3.Plane > yz4.C enter coordinates: (7, 1.25, 3.5)5.Height: 1.256.Radius: 0.27.Type: fluid8.Select Apply to complete the task.Creating the CirclesThe Inlet Fan1.Click on Create circles icon to create a new circle. > inlfan3.Plane > yz4.C enter coordinates: (8.25, 1.25, 3.5)5.Radius: 0.26.Select this object from the tree, click right mouse button andchoose Edit object. Go to Properties and say Face family >source (The user will need to manually enter this assignment)7.Press Done to activate the modifications.When complete, the laboratory model should appear as in Figure1.4.13.Figure 1.4.13:Solid model of thelaboratory1.4.8: Mesh GenerationThe Hexa Mesh1.To begin mesh creation, select Model > Generate mesh. TheMesh control window depicted in Figure 1.4.14 will appear.2.Making sure that Mesh type > Hexa unstructured is selected,select Generate mesh, using the default parameters.Figure 1.4.14:Mesh ControlwindowNote: The mesh comes pretty decent in this geometry. Lessdistortion of the element quality means higher quality of mesh,providing the solver with an easier time with convergence. Checkthe AutoHexa messages window, and notice that there are nosignificantly distorted elements with a quality between 0 and0.25. There are a few between 0.25-0.5. To see where theseelements are located, go to Mesh control > Quality, replot thehistogram from 0.25 to 0.5 and then select the bars in the histogramto display the elements on the screen.1.4.9: The Tetra Meshing the same model, create a Tetra mesh by selecting Model> Generate mesh will open Mesh control window. From thiswindow select Generate > Mesh Type > Tetra. Unselect Maxtetra size, as well as Per-object params, as shown in Figure1.4.15.Figure 1.4.15:Tetra parameterwindow2.Continue by selecting Generate mesh. When complete, thenewly created tetra mesh should consist of approximately184000 elements and 42000 nodes.3.Select Display > Display mesh > Surface.4.Press Close to exit the Mesh control window.5.Select File > Save project to save the model and mesh.1.4.10: Configuration OptionsBefore a mesh is actually generated, AutoHexa will check themodel for gaps existing between objects that may interfere with thecreation of a uniform mesh.1.To modify the default Minimum object separation, selectOptions > Settings from the tree which will open the Config-uration options window seen in Figure 1.4.16.This feature is especially useful in cases where small gaps maypervade throughout the model, in which case AutoHexaautomatically closes any gaps that are larger than the specifiedMinimum object separation.Figure 1.4.16:ConfigurationOptions window2.The color of all the objects, text, and mesh lines are modifiableunder the Options > Graphical options.3.Since there were many Hexa objects created in this tutorial, itmay be beneficial to sort the object list alphabetically. From themain menu, select Tree > Sort > Alphabetical. Figure 1.4.17illustrates the difference between the two object lists.Figure 1.4.17:Left: before sorting,right: after sorting1.4.11: Hardcopy Creation1.At this point, it may be useful to print out a diagram of the finalmodel. Select File > Print screen to open the Print optionswindow shown in Figure 1.4.18Figure 1.4.18:Print options window2.The user may select Full screen or Mouse selection or Pixellocation.3.Select Color Mode > Color.4.Continuing on in the Print options window, select Print to getthe hardcopy.5.The user can change the Title of the project. In the tree go toProblem setup > Title/notes to get a window as shown in Fig-ure 1.4.19.Figure 1.4.19:Title/notes window6.The appearance of the printout may be further customized byaccessing the View > Add Marker from top menu bar. This willopen the Add Marker window shown in Figure 1.4.20. Thisallows the user to add text to the display at a specified location. Figure 1.4.20:Add marker window7.You can do the annotations on the screen by opting for Edit >Annotations from the top menu bar. This will open up a win-dow as shown in Figure 1.4.21.Figure 1.4.21:Annotations window1.4.12: Summary CreationAlong with a hardcopy of the model itself, a hardcopysummarizing the specifications you have used in its creation maybe useful. A printout of this information is accessible by selectingEdit > Summary from the top menu bar. This will open theParameter summary window as shown in Figure 1.4.22.78Modeling and Meshing a Lab Figure 1.4.22:Parameter summarywindow79Tutorial Example 1.5: Modeling and Meshing a WingOverview This tutorial will guide the user through creating a wing-shapedobject inside of a room in order to analyze the airflow over, under,and around the wing. On one side of the room, an inlet vent permitsair to flow into a duct that channels the airflow directly towards thewing. The airflow will pass by the wing and head directly towardthe outlet vent on the opposing room wall, passing over, under, andaround the wing during its travel.Operations introduced in this example Starting a New Project•Initializing AutoHexa and beginning the projectCreating Objects•Developing the model with the following geometrical entities: Domain, Ellipsoidal cylinders, Ellipsoids, Polygons andQuadsCopying Objects•Making modifications in the Copy window, copying the poly-gons80Modeling and Meshing a WingMesh Generation•Creating Tetra meshCreating a Cut Plane•Utilizing Cut plane techniques to obtain a clearer view of thetetra mesh around the wing1.5.1: Starting the Project1.Load ICEM CFD to open the main Mesh Editor viewingscreen, as well as the MED messages window and the Displaywindow. A File selection window should also appear, with theprompt to Select an ICEM CFD project to open.2.Type the new project name as tutorial-5 and pressAccept.3.Meshing > AutoHexa will initialize the AutoHexa modelingsystem.1.5.2: Creating ObjectsCreating the Domain1.Begin the creation of room by selecting Model > Domain fromthe tree.2.Resize the Domain with the following assignments: S tartpoints > (xS, yS, zS) -> (0, 0, 0) and E nd points > (xE, yE, zE)-> (100, 50, 40)3.Press Apply to activate the changes.4.Notice that the Domain is larger than the viewing window --select Orient > Isometric view to achieve a better view, asshown in Figure 1.5.1.Modeling and Meshing a Wing81 Figure 1.5.1:The Isometric viewof the modifiedDomainCreating the Ellipsoidal CylindersUtilizing an ellipsoidal cylinder will allow the user to create themain wing shape. Ellipsoidal cylinders are specified by twoellipses that are the ends of the object. Each end has a C entercoordinate (C1 on one end, and C2on the other), and twocorresponding radius vectors (vec1 and vec2 -- both assignedvalues at the Top and the Bottom of the wing.) If needed, theOnline Reference Manual provides a more detailed description ofthe ellipsoidal cylinder objects.1.From the AutoHexa top menu bar, select Create e. cylindersicon. Then proceed to select oval.1 from the right side tree,press right mouse button and choose option Edit object asshown in Figure 1.5.2.82Modeling and Meshing a WingFigure 1.5.2:E. cylinders editwindow with thespecified parameters2.Change the Name from oval.1 to wing13.Enter the bottom center (Bot cent) X, Y and Z coordinates as(48, 25, 0)4.Enter the top center (Top cent) X, Y and Z coordinates as (50,25, 18.25).5.(Bot vec1 x, Bot vec2 x, Top vec1 x, Top vec2 x) > (0, 4, 0, 2)6.(Bot vec1 y, Bot vec2 y, Top vec1 y, Top vec2 y) > (1, 0, 0.25,0)7.(Bot vec1 z, Bot vec2 z, Top vec1 z, Top vec2 z) > (0, 0, 0, 0)8.Family Type > Hollow from Properties9.Sides family > wing (manually typed)10.Select Update and Done to activate the changes as shown inFigure 1.5.3Modeling and Meshing a Wing83 Figure 1.5.3:wing1 with thelabeled top andbottom vectorsCreating the EllipsoidTo create the rounded tip of the wing, the user will implement anellipsoid object. An ellipsoid is a 3-dimensional ellipse where allthree axes are aligned to the coordinate axes. Like Hexa objects,Ellipsoids are specified by a bounding box. The Online ReferenceManual provides more information on ellipsoids.1.From the top menu bar, select Create ellipsoids icon. > wing-tip3.S tart points: (48, 24.75, 18) and E nd points: (52, 25.25, 18.5)4.Press Apply to confirm the changes.5.For a clearer view of the newly created Ellipsoid object, deacti-vate the wing by clicking right mouse button on wing1 fromthe tree and de-selecting Active. This temporarily removeswing1 from the display.6.Zoom in on the Ellipsoid object that is visible on the screenwith the right-mouse button.7.In the tree highlight wing-tip to apply more changes.8.Once in the Ellipsoid frame (Figure 1.5.4), unselect Corners >xyz, Xyz, xYz, XYz. Only half of the Ellipsoid is necessary torepresent the wing-tip.9.Type > hollow84Modeling and Meshing a WingFigure 1.5.4:Ellipsoids object editwindow with thespecifications10.Set the Outside family to wing from the edit window. Get thatwindow by clicking right mouse button on wing-tip in the treeand opting for Edit object.11.Press Update to activate the modifications, and then Done toclose the edit window. This should yield the model displayed inFigure 1.5.5.Figure 1.5.5:Close-up view of thewing-tip after settingthe parameters.12.Reactivate wing1 by toggling on Activate from Inactive groupfrom the tree to achieve Figure 1.5.6.。
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