Lesson 7 Mental Depression

抑郁症的英文作文英文：Depression is a mental illness that affects millions of people worldwide. I have personally experienced depression and know how debilitating it can be. It is characterized by feelings of sadness, hopelessness, and a lack of interestin activities that once brought pleasure. It can also cause physical symptoms such as fatigue, insomnia, and changes in appetite.One of the biggest challenges of depression is that it can be difficult to recognize and diagnose. Many people who are suffering from depression may not even realize it themselves. It is important to seek help if you are experiencing any of the symptoms mentioned above.There are many different treatments available for depression, including therapy, medication, and lifestyle changes. Finding the right treatment can take time andpatience, but it is worth it to regain control of your life.It is important to remember that depression is not asign of weakness and it is nothing to be ashamed of. It isa medical condition that can be treated just like any other illness. Seeking help is a sign of strength, not weakness.中文：抑郁症是一种影响全球数百万人的心理疾病。

抑郁-挥之不去的梦魇珍妮 E. 布洛迪Prepared By Kevin Feng 感觉对于大多数人而言很熟悉-但是事与愿违，有时候却会觉的陌生，你会觉的无力做什么，而变的情绪低落。

这称之为抑郁。

几乎所有人在生活中都会时不时碰到这种经历。

许多事情会让一个人变的“低落”，包括天气(冬至期间诸事不顺这个情况对于一些人而言每年都有)，欢乐假期后的的消沉，睡眠不足，工作太多或者没有足够的时间去完成工作。

日常生活中的抑郁一般都能自愈，尽管它们可能对你生活有些许消极影响，但是并不严重。

然而，对于成千上万的美国人而言，抑郁症的威胁变的更大了，甚至还危及生命。

大多数严重的抑郁症是对生活中某一事件的反作用力-失业或者结婚，经济拮据，生重病或重伤，一段感情的结束。

在经过数周至数月的时间后，大多数的症状都会得到缓解，美好的生活仍旧在继续着。

而对于一些人而言，抑郁症会因为在别人看来能轻易并快速解决的小事情而触景生情反复发作。

而对于其他一些人，症状无关于“消沉”，没有特别的缘由，完全是因为病人本身的病症所致。

许多有成就的人受抑郁症所困扰，包括西格蒙德·弗洛伊德，亚伯拉罕·林肯，纳撒尼尔·霍桑，温斯顿·丘吉尔与宇航员艾德温E·艾德林。

国际精神健康机构估计每年有约4至8百万的美国人因为受抑郁困扰不能正常生活而被迫就医。

也许有1至1.5千万的美国人有抑郁症状却无碍正常行为。

很多人觉的抑郁症是“70年代人的精神疾病”，它已超过精神分裂成为美国第一位的精神疾病，而35岁以下的人群患抑郁证人数正在急剧上升。

一些专家指点这个时代的社会紧张因素：人人之间信任的缺失，个人影响的削弱，对成功不切实际的期望，家庭观念的淡泊，社会独立性与归属感的丧失或者是坚信一些小型机构提出的理论，他们鼓励整个社会尤其是有消极倾向的人得抑郁症。

如何鉴别自己或者其他你认识的人是否得抑郁症在一些情况下是比较困难的。

心理压力英语随着社会的不断发展，人们的生活水平不断提高，但同时也面临着更多的压力。

心理压力是指在生活、学习、工作和社交等方面遭受的精神上的压力。

这种压力会对人们的身心健康产生不良影响，因此需要了解和掌握一些相关的英语知识。

一、心理压力的表现1. Anxiety（焦虑）: People with anxiety disorders frequently have intense, excessive and persistent worry and fear about everyday situations. This can interfere with their daily activities and make them avoid certain situations.2. Depression（抑郁）: Depression is a common mental disorder that causes people to experience sadness or loss of interest or pleasure in activities, along with other symptoms. It can lead to a variety of emotional and physical problems and can decrease a person's ability to function at work and home.3. Insomnia（失眠）: Insomnia is a sleep disorder that is characterized by difficulty falling asleep, staying asleep, or waking up too early in the morning. It can be caused by a variety of factors, including stress, anxiety, depression, and medical conditions.4. Fatigue（疲劳）: Fatigue is a feeling of tiredness or exhaustion that can be caused by physical or mental exertion,illness, or lack of sleep. It can interfere with a person's ability to function at work or home.5. Irritability（易怒）: Irritability is a feeling of frustration or anger that can be caused by stress, anxiety, or other emotional factors. It can lead to conflicts with others and can interfere with a person's ability to function at work or home.二、心理压力的原因1. Work-related stress（工作压力）: Work-related stress can be caused by a variety of factors, including long hours, heavy workload, difficult colleagues or bosses, and job insecurity.2. Financial stress（财务压力）: Financial stress can be caused by debt, unemployment, or other financial difficulties. It can lead to anxiety, depression, and other mental health problems.3. Relationship stress（人际关系压力）: Relationship stress can be caused by conflicts with family members, friends, or romantic partners. It can lead to feelings of frustration, anger, and sadness.4. Health-related stress（健康压力）: Health-related stress can be caused by chronic illness, disability, or other health problems. It can lead to anxiety, depression, and other mentalhealth problems.5. Life changes（生活变化）: Life changes such as moving, getting married, or having a baby can be stressful. These changes can disrupt a person's routine and can lead to feelings of uncertainty and anxiety.三、缓解心理压力的方法1. Exercise（运动）: Exercise can help reduce stress and improve overall mental health. It can also help improve physical health, which can in turn help reduce stress.2. Relaxation techniques（放松技巧）: Relaxation techniques such as deep breathing, meditation, and yoga can help reduce stress and improve overall mental health.3. Social support（社交支持）: Social support from friends, family, or support groups can help reduce stress and improve overall mental health.4. Time management（时间管理）: Time management techniques such as prioritizing tasks and setting realistic goals can help reduce stress and improve overall mental health.5. Professional help（专业帮助）: Professional help froma therapist or counselor can help reduce stress and improve overall mental health. They can provide support and guidance in dealing with stress and other mental health issues.总之，心理压力是现代人们面临的一个重要问题，但我们可以通过了解和掌握相关的英语知识来缓解压力，保持身心健康。

Lesson 7 Mental Depression: The RecurringNightmareI. General Arrangements1. Class Hours 92. Teaching Content1) Comprehension: types of mental depression and causes2) Language points3) Structural Analysis of the Text;4) Topic Discussion5) Exercises6) Homework: Dictation; Recitation; Writing and so on.3. Objective: By learning the text, the students are supposed to know at least twothings: 1) Although the article deals with various forms of mentaldepression from a medical point of view, the recurring and widespreadnightmare nevertheless reflects one of the many problems of Americansociety. 2) Writing style: journalistic style.4. Methods to be applied1) Questions and answers2) Discussion: general idea and outline of the text (textual organization)II. The Important Points1. Language points: most everyone; work out; get a person “down”; take the edgeoff life; financial setback; out of the blue; accomplished people; socialisolation; occupational underachiever; etc.2. Main idea of the text3. Structural analysis of the text4. Word study: experience, lift, provoke, perform5. Grammar: voiceIII. The Difficult Points1. The differences between undisguised forms and disguised forms of depression2. Various reasons for mental depression.3. The structural analysis of the text.IV. Detailed Study of the Text1.things don’t work out: things are incapable of being done (problems areincapable of being solved).2.your mental landscape is bleak: you are vacant-minded. Your mind is a blank.You cannot concentrate. You cannot think of anything. You cannot think.(cf.empty-minded: ignorant having nothing in the mind)bleak: bare / barren / desolate/ hopeless / joyless / unpromising3.few of us get through life without experiencing…: almost everyone experiences it(suffers from it) at one time or another in his life.get through: pass4.midwinter doldrums are an annual event for some: some people experience(suffer) depression in midwinter every year5.The ordinary everyday blues are…self-curing: The everyday depression does notlast long and the symptoms can automatically disappear (it does not need medical treatment)---It can cure itself.6.take the edge off (life): dull the intensity, force, or pleasure of sth or soften orreduce one’s appetite. Here: make life less interesting (uninteresting), weaken the enjoyment of life.7.incapacitate: make incapable of unfit (for/from), paralyzeHeavy housework burden incapacitate the mother for work (fromworking)outside.8.weather: come through, get through successfully, survive, withdrawweather a storm, weather all kinds of difficulties, weather a crisis9.social isolation: feeling of inability to fit in with others.10.loss of a sense…institution: You feel you have nothing to hold on to. You feelyou have lost contact with the mainstay (the main body) of society, sth. you candepend on or lean on, sth. larger and stronger than the individual, such as a school., company, or even the law.11.get overHis daughter works fast to get her lesson over. (finish)It is hard to get over that mountain. (pass over)A student returns to his class after he gets over illness.(recover from)It is no easy job to get over the death of a family member.(accept or forget sorrow or surprise)12.out of the blue, out of a clear sky, out of a clear blue sky (more or less clichéd ) :without any warning, by surprise, unexpectedly.13.totally incapacitate the victims: make them completely incapable of working (orliving a satisfying life).Incapacitate: 1) make incapable or unfit: His poor health incapacitated him forwork/from working.2) disqualify: be incapacitated from voting 被剥夺选举权14.rival n.: a person who competes with another.v. : be a rival of e.g. Basketball cannot rival football (soccer) in excitement.rivalry n.15.foster: care for, help the growth or development of, nurture, breed, feedfoster father birth father16.prone to: liable to , subject to, vulnerable to, inclined e.g.She is prone to exaggerate.I am prone to colds.be prone to accident/error/anger/idleness/superstition (and other generallyundesirable things)17.believe in : 1) believe sb.---believe what sb. says is truebelieve in sb.---have trust in him2) believe in physical exercise--- be sure of the value of.3) believe in Christianity (God, ghost) be sure of the existence of.18.occupational underachiever: person who does not achieve much in his occupation,who achieves less than his potential would allow him to, who is unable to work to his full abilitye.g. underdeveloped countries19.the acutely suicidal patient: person who has a strong and eager desire to commitsuicide or do things harmful to his own interests, who suddenly wants to commit suicideacutely: extremely, for sth. unpleasant (acutely unhappy, acutely boring, etc.) plain of: denoting the substance of the complaint complain of a headache, acold, ill-treatment).complain about: for more general statement e.g. She is always complaining aboutthe neighbor. English people always complain about weather.complain to: The customer complain to the manager of the discourtesy of a shop assistant.21.initiative : ability to think and act without being told or urged; enterprise1)act / do sth. on one’s own initiative: He helped his comrades on his owninitiative.2)have the initiative: be in the position to make the first move, e.g. in war3)take the initiative (in doing sth.): win initiative22. a “lump” in the throat: you feel your throat is choked with something. Thequotation marks indicate the phrase is used in its literal meaning, as opposed to its idiomatic sense. As an idiom, to have “a lump in one’s throat” means “feel like sobbing as a result of strong emotions such as excitement, grief, pride”.23.result from---causeresult in ----effectV. Answers to Questions (I. Comprehension P125)1.Depression is a feeling familiar to almost everyone: Nothing seems satisfying,things don’t work out, you can’t get yourself to do anything and your mentallandscape is bleak.2.Weather, insufficient sleep, too much work and too little time to get it done, etc.3.Stressful life events---loss of a job or a spouse, serious financial setback. Aserious illness or injury, the end of a love affair.ually they don’t.5.Not all of them are, but most of them.6.It depends. For some people, there is noting serious. But for others, they can beterribly incapacitating.7.social tensions of the times---erosion of trust, diminished personal impact, toohigh expectations for success, etc.8.1) emotional---dull, tired, empty, sad, numb feeling2) behavioral---irritability, excessive complaining, impaired memory, inability toconcentrate, etc.3) physical---loss of appetite, weight loss, constipation, insomnia, etc.9.No not always, because some are disguised.anic diseasesB.1.an introduction2.the three major classes of mental depressions: the ordinary, brief, self-curing; helonger, more serious depression suffered by millions of Am. people; the severe and incapacitating depression suffered by over-sensitive people3.of the seriousness of depression affecting society4.the social causes of depression5.the three main characteristics of undisguised form of depression6.how to recognize the symptoms of disguised form of depression7.the causes of depression: external causes, internal caused, organic diseasesP.127. C. Translate1. It was a tremendous letdown to be told that we failed (had failed).We were told…., which was a…2. The ship weathered the hurricane with no casualties.(and nobody was hurt, with nobody hurt)3. Too rigid parental control fosters rebellion (rebellious mood, emotion) in children.4. The manager wants him to do excessively heavy work.1.Don’t worry. Everything will work out (turn out) all right (well, smoothly).2.When I counted the books, I found that, all told (altogether), there were 50 bookson the shelf.3.Excessive argument (too heated argument) only fosters dissent and division(disagreement and disunion, discord and split).4.It was a terrible letdown for children when the party was cancelled (called off).5.Mary is prone to giggling at the most inappropriate (improper, unsuitable,unfitting) moments.VI. Dictation1. incapacitate exogenous chronic erosion2. All told, depr ession is clearly the mental illness of the 70’s, rivaling schizophrenia as the nation’s number one mental health problem.In addition to stressful events that cause depression and unknown internal, probably biochemical causes, depression can result from organic diseases.3. get over take the edge off out of the blueVII. Word StudyP128 A. Translate1.Many years of experience in teaching a foreign language qualifies her for thejob.(With many years of experience in foreign language teaching, she wasqualified/eligible for the post)2.I had a lot of interesting experiences during my year in Africa.3.He experienced hardships when he was only a child.4.It takes two men to life the large stone (big rock). (Two men are needed…)5.When the fog lifted, I could see for several li.(miles)6.The coach’s praise gave the whole team a lift. (lifted the spirits of all teammembers)7.His words provoked laughter amid the audience.(Not: provoke sb. to laughter,nor: pro voke…into doing sth. because the action that is provoked is alwaysunpleasant or against one’s will)8.He started a fight without provocation.9.His speech was provocative and caused (aroused) a lot of angry comment.10.Those who perform deeds of merits (win merits) shall be rewarded.11.He likes to watch a magician performing tricks (magics).12.You mustn’t interfere with an officer in his performance of duty.Cf. interfere with: meddle with. Please do not interfere with me.in terfere in: break in upon other person’s affairsP128 B. Word study revision1.Don’t persist in thinking the worst of others.2.Let’s hire (ask) a guide to conduct us through the museum.(show us around themuseum)3.He is always the first to bear hardships and the last to enjoy comforts.4.I don’t wonder at their turning the proposal down.(I don’t wonder that…)5.The enemies were obliged to lay down their arms.P129 VI. GrammarA.12. The wife was led (to) a miserable lif e by…or A miserable life was led to the wife by…Note: “ to lead sb. a certain kind of life “is to cause sb. to live a certain king of life. When “lead” takes an indirect object in this way, it is always an unpleasant or undesirable life that is referred t o. Thus we do not say : “He led his wife (children )a happy life.”Cf. point to, point at1.When “point” is vt. It normally takes “at”: point sth.(a gun, a club) at sb.When “point” is vi. both are possible, according to the idea expressed.2.for some visible object“Look!” she said, pointing to a blood stain on the carpet. (indication, indicate by pointing)One of the boys was pointing at something in the garden. (direction, point in the direction of)3.When mere direction is in question, without any particular object, point to:point to the east, the west, etc.4.“point to” expresses indication, not only of visible and material things but also ofnon-material things: All the evidence points to robbery as the motive of the crime.(Meaning: All the evidence indicates that robbery is the motive of the crime.) VIII. Homework1. Recite Para. 1 2 31.Writing A.2.Topics: What are some of the causes of depression in China/in College?P 131: VI. C.。

抑郁症英文介绍Depression----The Mental Illnesswhat is depressionDepression is a mental health disorder , a psychiatric condition，characterized by sadness ,loss of interest or pleasure, feelings of guilt or low self-worth ,disturbed sleep or appetite ,feelings of tiredness , and poor concentration.Specifically,it is a mood disorder characterized by persistently low mood in which there is a feeling of sadness and lost of interest.Depression is different from the fluctuations in mood that we all experience as a part of a normal and healthy life. Temporary emotional responses to the challenges of everyday life do not constitute depression.According to the US Centers for Disease Prevention and Control (CDC),8% of people over the age of 12 years has depression in any two-week period.The World Health Organization (WTO)puts depression at the top of the list -it is the most common illness worldwide and the leading cease of disability.The organization estimates that 350 million people around the world are affected by depression.Major Depressive disorderMajor depressive disorder(MDD), also known simply as depression, is a mental disorder characterized by at least two weeks of low mood that is present across most situations. It is often accompanied by low self-esteem, loss of interest in normally enjoyable activities, low energy, and pain without a clear cause.People may also occasionally have false beliefs or see or hear things that others cannot.Some people have periods of depression separated by years in which they are normal while others nearly always have symptoms present. Major depressive disorder can negatively affects a person's family, work or school life, sleeping or eating habits, and general health. Between 2-7% of adults with major depression die by suicide, and up to 60% of people who die by suicide had depression or another mood disorder.The cause is believed to be a combination of genetic, environmental, and psychological factors. Risk factors include a family history of the condition, major lifechanges, certain medications, chronic health problems, and substance abuse.About 40% of the risk appears to be related to genetics .The diagnosis of major depressive disorder is based on the person's reported experiences and a mental status examination. There is no laboratory test for major depression. Testing, however, may be done to rule out physical conditions that can cause similar symptoms.Major depression should be differentiated from sadness which is a normal part of life and is less severe.The United States Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) recommends screening for depression among those over the age 12, while a prior Cochrane review found insufficient evidence for screening.Typically, people are treated with counselling and antidepressant medication.Medication appears to be effective, but the effect may only be significant in the most severely depressed. It is unclear whether medications affect the risk of suicide. Types of counselling used include cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) and interpersonal therapy. If other measures are not effective electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) may be tried. Hospitalization may be necessary in cases with a risk of harm to self and may occasionally occur against a person's wishes.Major depressive disorder affected approximately 253million (3.6%) of people in 2013. The percentage of people who are affected at one point in their life varies from 7% in Japan to 21% in France. Lifetime rates are higher in the developed world (15%) compared to the developing world (11%).It causes the second most years lived with disability after low back pain. The most common time of onset is in a person in their 20s and 30s. Females are affected about twice as often as males. The American Psychiatric Association added "major depressive disorder" to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-III) in 1980. It was a split of the previous depressive neurosis in the DSM-II which also encompassed the conditions now known as dysthymia and adjustment disorder with depressed mood. Those currently or previously affected may be stigmatized.What are the signs and symptoms of depression? depression may be triggered by stressful life events, other illnesses, certain drugs ormedications, or inherited traits. although causes of depression are not entirely understood, we know it is linked to an imbalance in brain chemistry. once the imbalance is corrected, symptoms of depression generally improvePeople with depressive illnesses do not all experience the same symptoms. The severity, frequency and duration of symptoms will vary depending on the individual and his or her particular illness.Symptoms include:Persistent sad, anxious or "empty" feelingsFeelings of hopelessness and/or pessimismFeelings of guilt, worthlessness and/or helplessnessIrritability, restlessnessLoss of interest in activities or hobbies once pleasurable, including sexFatigue and decreased energyDifficulty concentrating, remembering details and making decisionsInsomnia, early–morning wakefulness, or excessive sleepingOvereating, or appetite lossThoughts of suicide, suicide attemptsPersistent aches or pains, headaches, cramps or digestive problems that do not ease even with treatmentAll of these symptoms can interfere with your quality of life. Even if you don’t have major depression , if you have experience a few of these symptoms for at least two weeks you may have less severe form of depression that still requires treatment.the symptoms of slight and major depressionDepression is a medical condition in which a person feels very sad and anxious and often has physical symptoms.Slight depression could be a portion of major depression, so the criteria for this disease are important to consider and examine for people with the problem. If the depression is only minor, it will not have all of the components of major depression and therefore would be treated differently from themore serious version of the disease.The most common diagnostic criteria are encapsulated in the mnemonic device SIGECAPS. They are in the order of the letters, Sleep problems, lack of Interest, Guilty feelings, lack of Energy, problems with Concentration, Appetite and weight disturbances, Psychomotor retardation, and Suicidal thoughts or actions. If a person has five or six items in this criteria it is very likely that they have major depression and they should be treated for it. If they only have one or two of them they might have a less serious version of the disease, but it still may require treatment. The only difference is that it could be more minor. By asking about these different symptoms, people perform a basic diagnosis test to evaluate themselves or their patients.The symptoms of serious to slight depression may be very debilitating to a patient and identification of the problem is the first step to a full recovery. The condition of depressive disorders is prevalent through all walks of life and it is expected that the majority of persons will experience symptoms of depression at least once in the course of their life. However, since most people experience these symptoms at some point, extended research has been done to determine the best way to treat these specific conditions and many solutions are available to sufferers.To the tissues, which raises the carbon dioxide level, causing general Depression.Associated conditionsMajor depression frequently co-occurs with other psychiatric problems. The 1990–92 National Comorbidity Survey (US) reports that half of those with major depression also have lifetime anxiety and its associated disorders such as generalized anxiety disorder. Anxiety symptoms can have a major impact on the course of a depressive illness, with delayed recovery, increased risk of relapse, greater disability and increased suicide attempts.American neuroendocrinologist Robert Sapolsky similarly argues that the relationship between stress, anxiety, and depression could be measured and demonstrated biologically.There are increased rates of alcohol and drug abuse and particularly dependence,https:///wiki/Major_depressive_disorder - cite_note-34and around a third of individuals diagnosed with ADHD developcomorbid depression. Post-traumatic stress disorder and depression often co-occur.Depression may also coexist with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), complicating the diagnosis and treatment of both.Depression and pain often co-occur. One or more pain symptoms are present in 65% of depressed patients, and anywhere from 5 to 85% of patients with pain will be suffering from depression, depending on the setting; there is a lower prevalence in general practice, and higher in specialty clinics. The diagnosis of depression is often delayed or missed, and the outcome worsens. The outcome can also worsen if the depression is noticed but completely misunderstood.Depression is also associated with a 1.5- to 2-fold increased risk of cardiovascular disease, independent of other known risk factors, and is itself linked directly or indirectly to risk factors such as smoking and obesity. People with major depression are less likely to follow medical recommendations for treating and preventing cardiovascular disorders, which further increases their risk of medical complications.https:///wiki/Major_depressive_disorder - cite_note-38 In addition, cardiologists may not recognize underlying depression that complicates a cardiovascular problem under their care.ManagementThe three most common treatments for depression are psychotherapy, medication, and electroconvulsive therapy. Psychotherapy is the treatment of choice (over medication) for people under 18. The UK National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) 2004 guidelines indicate that antidepressants should not be used for the initial treatment of mild depression, because the risk-benefit ratio is poor. The guidelines recommend that antidepressants treatment in combination with psychosocial interventions should be considered for:People with a history of moderate or severe depressionThose with mild depression that has been present for a long periodAs a second line treatment for mild depression that persists after other interventions As a first line treatment for moderate or severe depressionLifestylePhysical exercise is recommended for management of mild depression, and has a moderate effect on symptoms. Exercise has also been found to be effective for (unipolar) major depression. It is equivalent to the use of medications or psychological therapies in most people. In the older people it does appear to decrease depression.Exercise may be recommended to people who are willing, motivated, and physically healthy enough to participate in an exercise program as treatment.There is a small amount of evidence that skipping a night's sleep may improve depressive symptoms, with the effects usually showing up within a day. This effect is usually temporary. Besides sleepiness, this method can cause a side effect of mania or hypomania.In observational studies smoking cessation has benefits in depression as large as or larger than those of medicationsRangeMajor depressive disorder affects approximately 253 million people in 2013 (3.6% of the global population).The percentage of people who are affected at one point in their life varies from 7% in Japan to 21% in France.In most countries the number of people who have depression during their lives falls within an 8–18% range. In North America, the probability of having a major depressive episode within a year-long period is 3–5% for males and 8–10% for females.Major depression to be about twice as common in women as in men, although it is unclear why this is so, and whether factors unaccounted for are contributing to this. The relative increase in occurrence is related to pubertal development rather than chronological age, reaches adult ratios between the ages of 15 and 18, and appears associated with psychosocial more than hormonal factors. Depression is a major cause of disability worldwide.People are most likely to develop their first depressive episode between the ages of 30 and 40, and there is a second, smaller peak of incidence between ages 50 and 60.Therisk of major depression is increased with neurological conditions such as stroke, Parkinson's disease, or multiple sclerosis, and during the first year after childbirth.It is also more common after cardiovascular illnesses, and is related more to a poor outcome than to a better one.Studies conflict on the prevalence of depression in the elderly, but most data suggest there is a reduction in this age group. Depressive disorders are more common to observe in urban than in rural population and the prevalence is in groups with stronger socioeconomic factors i.e. homelessness.。

英语作文：主题——抑郁症DepressionDepression is a common mental disorder that affects millions of people around the world. Depression is characterized by persistent feelings of sadness, hopelessness, and loss of interest in daily activities. Depression can also cause physical symptoms, such as fatigue, insomnia, appetite changes, and pain. Depression can impair one's ability to function at work, school, or home, and can increase the risk of suicide.Depression can be caused by various factors, such as genetic predisposition, stressful life events, trauma, illness, or medication. Depression can also be influenced by one's personality, coping style, social support, and culture. Depression is not a sign of weakness or a personal flaw. It is a serious medical condition that requires professional help.Depression can be treated effectively with various methods, such as medication, psychotherapy, or lifestyle changes. Medication can helpregulate the brain chemicals that affect mood and emotions. Psychotherapy can help one understand and cope with the underlying causes of depression. Lifestyle changes can help one improve one's physical and mental health, such as exercising regularly, eating healthily, sleeping well, and avoiding alcohol and drugs.Depression is not something to be ashamed of or to hide. It is a common and treatable problem that can affect anyone. If you or someone you know is suffering from depression, you should seek help as soon as possible. There is hope and recovery for depression. You are not alone in this struggle.全文翻译抑郁症抑郁症是一种常见的精神障碍，影响着全球数以百万计的人。

新视野大学英语第二册Unit 7课文翻译Section A如果你常常生气、身心疲乏，好像你生活中的压力正在快速地积聚，将要失去控制，那么你可能是在损害你的心脏了。

假如你不想损害自己的心脏，你就需要努力学会在力所能及的范围内控制自己的生活──并且承认有许多东西你是无法控制的。

这是罗伯特·S. 埃利奥特博士的观点。

他是内布拉斯加大学的临床医学教授，新书《从压力到力量：怎样减轻你的负担，拯救你的生命》的作者。

埃利奥特说在这个世界上有一类他称之为“热核反应堆式的人”（即易怒的人）。

对这些人来说，紧张会导致他们血压大幅度迅速上升。

埃利奥特说，研究人员已经发现，有压力的人除了其他症状外，胆固醇的含量也较高。

“我们已经做了多年研究，证明过分忧虑或紧张所产生的化学物质的确会损伤心肌纤维。

这种情况发生时往往很快，不到5分钟。

它会造成许多短路，而且这种短路会引起严重的心律不齐。

心脏跳起来不像一个泵，而像一只装着蠕虫的袋子（杂乱而又绵软无力）。

当这种情况发生时，我们就活不成了。

”现年64岁的埃利奥特，在44岁时曾有过一次心脏病发作，他把那次心脏病发作的部分原因归于压力。

多年来，他一直是一个“热核反应堆式的人”。

表面上，他显得沉着、冷静、泰然自若，但他内心深处的压力使他筋疲力尽。

他现在身体状况很好。

他说，压力破坏性程度的主要预测指标是FUD因素──FUD指的是恐惧、犹豫和怀疑──再加上可察觉到的缺乏控制力。

对许多人来说，压力的根源是愤怒，而对付愤怒的诀窍是找出怒从何来。

埃利奥特问道：“这种愤怒是否来自这么一种感觉：希望一切事物都必须完美无缺？”“这在职业女性中是很常见的原因。

她们觉得要让人人感到她们无所不能，而且要把样样事情都做得完美无缺。

她们认为，‘我应该这样，我必须这样，我不得不这样。

’追求完美永无止境。

完美主义者事必躬亲。

他们生气是因为他们不得不把什么事情都扛在自己肩上，还为之发脾气。

随后他们就感到内疚，接着他们就再把整个过程重复一遍。

话题应用：有关残疾（disability）的常用语句话题语句（1）1．有关残疾（disability）的词句：mental disability心理缺陷，智力障碍physical disability 生理缺陷developmental disability 发育不良emotional disability 情感缺陷learning difficulty 学习困难hearing problem 听力问题difficulty with eyesight 视力困难brain injury 脑损伤loss of an arm or leg 失去了一条手臂或腿infantile paralysis 小儿麻痹症walking difficulty 行走困难c olor blindness 色盲sleep disorders 睡眠紊乱depression 抑郁2. 形容词blind 失明的dumb 哑的deaf 聋的lame 跛足的paralyzed 瘫痪的near-sighted 近视的weak-sighted 弱视的sighted 看得见的hearing-impaired 听力损伤的the disabled = disabled people 残障人士，残疾人able-bodied people 体格健全的3. 辅助设施braille 盲文guide dog 导盲犬hearing aid 助听器walking frame 辅助行走器 walking stick 拐杖hand rails 扶手wheelchair 轮椅sign language 手语4. 有关“残疾”的描述Disabilities can be visible or invisible. 残疾可以是可见的或不可见的。

People with invisible disabilities don’t look disabled. 有不可见的残疾的人外表看不出残疾。

心理疾病英语心理疾病在英语中通常被称为"mental disorders" 或"psychological disorders"。

以下是一些常见的心理疾病的英语表达：1.抑郁症（Depression）：Depression is a mood disordercharacterized by persistent feelings of sadness, hopelessness, and a lack of interest in daily activities.2.焦虑症（Anxiety Disorder）：Anxiety disorder involvesexcessive and uncontrollable worry or fear about everyday situations.3.精神分裂症（Schizophrenia）：Schizophrenia is a severe mentaldisorder characterized by disorganized thinking, hallucinations, delusions, and disrupted social functioning.4.双相情感障碍（Bipolar Disorder）：Bipolar disorder, alsoknown as manic-depressive illness, involves extreme mood swings, including episodes of mania and depression.5.强迫症（Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder, OCD）：OCD is ananxiety disorder characterized by intrusive thoughts (obsessions) and repetitive behaviors or mental acts (compulsions).6.创伤后应激障碍（Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder, PTSD）：PTSD is a mental health condition triggered by experiencing or witnessing a traumatic event, causing symptoms such as flashbacks, nightmares, and severe anxiety.7.注意力缺陷多动症（Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder,ADHD）：ADHD is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by persistent patterns of inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity.8.自闭症谱系障碍（Autism Spectrum Disorder, ASD）：ASD isa developmental disorder that affects communication, socialinteraction, and behavior.9.饮食障碍（Eating Disorders）：Eating disorders, such asanorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa, involve abnormal eating behaviors and attitudes towards food and body weight.10.人格障碍（Personality Disorders）：Personality disorders arecharacterized by enduring patterns of inner experience and behavior that deviate from cultural expectations, causing distress or impairment.请注意，以上术语可能有时会有一些细微的区别，具体表达可能因国家、文化和专业领域而有所不同。

Depression is a common and serious mental health disorder that affects millions of people worldwide.It is characterized by persistent feelings of sadness,hopelessness,and a lack of interest or pleasure in activities.In this essay,we will explore the causes, symptoms,and treatments of depression,as well as its impact on individuals and society.Causes of DepressionThe exact cause of depression is not fully understood,but it is believed to be a combination of genetic,biological,environmental,and psychological factors.Some common causes include:1.Genetic predisposition:Individuals with a family history of depression are more likely to develop the condition.2.Chemical imbalances:Imbalances in brain chemicals,such as serotonin and dopamine, can contribute to depression.3.Hormonal changes:Fluctuations in hormones,particularly during puberty,pregnancy, and menopause,can trigger depressive episodes.4.Stressful life events:Traumatic experiences,such as the loss of a loved one or financial difficulties,can lead to depression.5.Medical conditions:Chronic illnesses,such as heart disease or cancer,can increase the risk of developing depression.Symptoms of DepressionDepression can manifest in various ways,and the severity of symptoms can vary from person to person.Some common symptoms include:1.Persistent sad,anxious,or empty mood2.Loss of interest or pleasure in activities once enjoyed3.Feelings of hopelessness or pessimism4.Irritability5.Fatigue or loss of energy6.Difficulty concentrating,remembering,or making decisions7.Insomnia or sleep disturbances8.Appetite or weight changes9.Thoughts of death or suicide10.Physical symptoms,such as headaches or digestive problemsTreatments for DepressionThere are several effective treatments available for depression,including:1.Psychotherapy:Talking to a mental health professional can help individuals identifyand change negative thought patterns and behaviors.2.Medication:Antidepressant medications can help regulate brain chemicals and alleviate depressive symptoms.3.Electroconvulsive therapy ECT:This treatment involves administering small electrical currents to the brain to improve mood and reduce depression symptoms.4.Transcranial magnetic stimulation TMS:This noninvasive procedure uses magnetic fields to stimulate nerve cells in the brain and improve depression symptoms.5.Lifestyle changes:Regular exercise,a healthy diet,and adequate sleep can help improve mood and overall wellbeing.Impact of DepressionDepression can have significant consequences on individuals and society.It can negatively affect relationships,work performance,and overall quality of life.Moreover, depression is a leading cause of disability worldwide and can increase the risk of suicide, which is a major public health concern.In conclusion,depression is a complex and multifaceted mental health disorder that can be caused by various factors and manifest in different ways.Early identification and treatment are crucial to managing the condition and improving the lives of those affected. By understanding the causes,symptoms,and treatments of depression,we can work towards reducing its prevalence and impact on society.。

抑郁症英语作文Depression: A Silent Struggle。

Depression is a mental illness that affects millions of people worldwide. It is a silent struggle that can go unnoticed for years, and it can have a devastating impact on a person's life. In this article, we will explore what depression is, its symptoms, causes, and treatment options.What is Depression?Depression is a mood disorder that affects a person's thoughts, feelings, and behavior. It is characterized by persistent feelings of sadness, hopelessness, and worthlessness. Depression can also cause physical symptoms such as fatigue, insomnia, and loss of appetite. It can be mild, moderate, or severe and can last for weeks, months, or even years.Symptoms of Depression。

Depression can manifest itself in many ways, and the symptoms can vary from person to person. Some of the most common symptoms of depression include:Persistent sadness or feelings of emptiness。

抑郁症英语作文及翻译Title: Depression: Understanding, Coping, and Overcoming。

Depression, a prevalent mental health condition affecting millions worldwide, is a silent epidemic often misunderstood by society. This essay aims to delve into the intricacies of depression, shedding light on its causes, symptoms, and potential coping strategies. Additionally, it explores the importance of seeking professional help and fostering support networks to overcome this debilitating condition.Understanding Depression。

Depression is not simply feeling sad or down; it is a complex mental health disorder characterized by persistent feelings of sadness, hopelessness, and worthlessness. It can manifest in various forms, ranging from mild to severe, and can significantly impact an individual's daily life,relationships, and overall well-being.There is no singular cause of depression; rather, it is typically the result of a combination of genetic, biological, environmental, and psychological factors. Traumatic life events, chronic stress, imbalanced brain chemistry, and genetic predisposition are all contributing factors that may trigger or exacerbate depressive symptoms.Recognizing the Signs。

[0849]《高级英语二》第一次作业[论述题]Answer the following questions according to the texts.1.What is the story "Salvation” mainly about? (Lesson one)2.Why was Langston Hughes crying that night? (Lesson one)3.What are those factors we must consider when addressing a person ina formal situation? (Lesson two)4.Is it easy to choose words to express our ideas and feelings? Why?(Lesson three)5.Why did the 38 people fail to call the police when the lady was indanger? (Lesson four)参考答案：1. about the author's first religious experience2. because he lied3. age, rank4. not easy; because language is not adequate as a vehicle of expressions5. because they were indifferent and selfish第二次作业[论述题]Answer the following questions according to the texts.1.What is body language? (Lesson five)2.According to Steinbeck, what is the attitude of the Americans towardsthe land? (Lesson six)3.What is mental depression? (Lesson seven)4.Why do most people go to the supermarket when they have no intentionto buy anything? (Lesson eight)5.Can you explain why the author prefers wanting instead of having interms of food and other wonderful things? (Lesson nine)参考答案：1. non-verbal communication2. irresponsible3. low spirits4. to be a part of the public life5. keeping appetite, one lives; losing appetite, one dies第三次作业[论述题]Answer the following questions according to the texts.1.Who does the sec ond person "you” refer to in Lesson ten―"What IsIt Like to Be Poor”?2.Is it a record of George Orwell's own life experience? (Lesson ten)3.Why does Lawrence say London is "dull”? (Lesson twelve)4.Were the animals warmly received by the Indians? (Lesson thirteen)5.What does the musicians refer to in Lesson fourteen, men or animals? 参考答案：1. the author George orwell and people in similar situations2. yes3. everythi8ng is made so easy and convinent4. yes5. animals第四次作业[论述题]Paraphrase the following sentences from the textbook.1.This tendency towards irresponsibility persists in very many of ustoday.2.It is little wonder that they went land-mad.3.Mental depression is a recurring nightmare.4.I often go the supermarket for the pure fun of it.5.Such signs are unmistakable forms of body language.参考答案：1. People are as irresponsible as their ancestors in their attitude towards the land.2. It is easy to see that they were over-passionate towards land.3. Low spirit is a terrible mental problem that happens regularly and repeatedly.4. I frequently go to the the supermarket without buying anything, just for fun.5. These signals are very definite forms of non-verbal communication.第五次作业[论述题]1 What is a sonnet?2 What is rhyme?3 What is iambic pentameter?参考答案：1A fourteen-line lyric poem originated in Italy in the 13th century and imported to England by Thomas Wyatt and the Earl of Surrey in the early 16th century. Three major types of sonnets are distinguished: the Italian or Petrarchan sonnet, the Shakespearean or English sonnet, and the Spenserian or linked sonnet.A Petrarchan sonnet consists of two divisions: the octave and the sestet. Theoctave refers to the first eight lines, and the sestet the other six lines. The rhyme scheme of the octave is abba abba, and that of the sestet is either cdecde, or cdccdc, or cdedce, or cdcdcd. Very often the octave presents a problem, or narrates a story, or poses a proposition while the sestet offers a solution, analyzes the story, or applies the proposition. An example of the Italian sonnet is "On First Looking into Chapman's Homer” written by John Keats: Much have I travel'd in the realms of gold,And many goodly states and kingdoms seen;Round many western islands have I beenWhich bards in fealty to Apollo hold.Oft of one wide expanse had I been toldThat deep-brow'd Homer ruled as his demesne;Yet did I never breathe its pure sereneTill I heard Chapman speak out loud and bold:Then felt I like some watcher of the skiesWhen a new planet swims into his ken;Or like stout Cortez when with eagle eyesHe star'd at the Pacific―and all his menLook'd at each other with a wild surmise―Silent, upon a peak in Darien.The English or Shakespearean sonnet has three four-line quatrains and a final couplet rhymed abab cdcd efef gg. The quatrains put forth a question or narrative, and the couplet provides a comment. The Spenserian sonnet, which is also organized into three quatrains and a couplet, links the quatrains with a chain or interlocked rhyme scheme: abab bcbc cdcd ee. The Spenserian sonnet is like the Petrarchan sonnet in that its theme is developed in two parts: the final six lines resolve a problem, or comment upon a narrative, or apply a proposition put forward in its first eight lines. An instance of Spenserian sonnet is his "Sonnet 75”: One day I wrote her name upon the strand,But came the waves and washed it away:Agayne I wrote it with a second hand,But came the tyde, and made my paynes his pray."Vayne man,” sayd she, "that doest in vaine assay.A mortall thing so to immortalize,For I my selve shall lyke to this decay,and eek my name bee wyped out lykewize.”"Not so,” quod I, "let baser things devize,To dy in dust, but you shall live by fame:My verse your vertues rare shall eternize,And in the heavens wryte your glorious name.Where whenas death shall all the world subdew,Our love shall live, and later life ren ew.”An example of Shakespearean sonnet is "Sonnet 29” written by William Shakespeare: When, in disgrace with Fortune and men's eyes,I all alone beweep my outcast state,And trouble deaf heaven with my bootless cries,And look upon myself and curse my fate,Wishing me like to one more rich in hope,Featured like him, like him with friends possessed,Desiring this man's art and that man's scope,With what I most enjoy contented least;Yet in these thoughts myself almost despising,Haply I think on thee, and then my stateLike to the lark at break of day arisingFrom sullen earth sings hymns at heaven's gate;For thy sweet love remembered such wealth bringsThat then I scorn to change my state with kings.It should be noted that some sonnets have more than 14 lines, and some have less than 14 lines.2Rhyme: Also spelled "rime,” it is the repetition of identical or similar concluding sounds in different words at the ends of poetic lines. The words not only sound identical or very similar but also appear in parallel positions in two or more lines. There are many kinds of rhymes, some of which are as follows:1.End rhyme―the most common form of rhyme in poetry; the rhyme appears at theend of the lines; for example, make/lake.2.Internal rhyme―the appearance of similar sounds within a verse line. Words inthe middle can rhyme with words at the end of lines; for example, "While I nodded, nearly napping, suddenly there came a tapping.”3.Beginning rhyme―the use of the same consonant at the beginning of each accentedsyllable in a verse line; for example, "around the rock the ragged rascal ran.”4.Feminine rhyme―when two syllables are rhymed; for example, marry/tarry.5.Masculine rhyme―the rhyming sound falls on a single stressed syllable; forexample, heat/beat.6.Triple rhyme―it matches the sound of the stressed syll able and the twounstressed syllables that follow; for example "narrative” and "declarative.”7.Half rhyme―when the final consonants are the same but the preceding vowels aredifferent; for example, dove/have.8.Eye rhyme―when two sylla bles look identical but are pronounced differently;for example, wind/kind; bough/cough. It is also called "sight rhyme.”9.Rime riche―rhyme between words or syllables that are identical in sound, butthe two identical sounding words have different senses; for example, maid/ made;pair/pear.10.Leonine rhyme―this involves the rhyming of the syllable immediately precedingthe caesura with the syllable at the end of the line; for example, "He found the forest track, be brought back.”11.Couplet―a pair of lines rhyming consecutively; for example, "Candy / Is Dandy.”12.Perfect rhyme―also called "full rhyme” or "true rhyme,” it is the rhyme inwhich the final stressed vowel and all succeeding consonants or syllables are identical, while the preceding consonants are different; for example, great/late;dutiful/unbeautiful.13.Cross rhyme―the rhyme occurs in the middle or at the end of one line and inthe middle of the next; for example, "While I nodded, nearly napping, suddenly there came a tapping, / As of some one gently rapping, rapping at my chamber door.”14.Near rh yme―also called "off rhyme,” "slant rhyme,” and "approximate rhyme,”the sounds are almost alike, but not exactly. It consists of identical consonant sounds preceded by different vowel sounds; for example, home/same.15.Random rhymes―the rhymes seem to occur accidentally in no specific combination,often mixed with unrhymed lines.Historically, rhyme was slow in coming into poetry. Not all poetry rhymes; ancient Greek and Latin poetry never rhymes. It was not until the Middle Ages that the use of rhymes was made popular.3Iambic pentameter: a popular metrical pattern in English poetry, which consists of five iambic feet per line. Rhymed pairs of iambic pentameter are called heroic couplets, and unrhymed iambic pentameter is called blank verse. The rhymed pairs of iambic pentameter are associated with Chaucer, Dryden, Johnson, and Pope while the unrhymed iambic pentameter is best represented by Shakespeare and Milton. The form of iambic pentameter is very flexible: occasionally the expected order of accent in one or more feet is reversed; these feet are called trochees. The following example of iambic pentameter is taken from Pope's An Essay on Criticism:A little Learning is a dang'rous Thing;Drink deep, or taste not the Pierian Spring:There shallow Draughts intoxicate the Brain,And drinking largely sobers us again.。

英语第七册上人教版Unit 1。

Lesson 1: A Letter from America.In a quaint little town nestled amidst rolling hills and whispering willows, there lived a young woman named Emily Dickinson. Her life was a tapestry woven with the threads of poetry, nature, and quiet contemplation. One sunny afternoon, as Emily sat in her garden, her fingers tracing the delicate petals of a blooming rose, she received a letter from a distant land. The letter was from her beloved cousin, Susan Gilbert, who had embarked on a journey to the bustling metropolis of New York City.Emily eagerly unfolded the letter and began to read Susan's vivid account of her adventures in the Big Apple. Susan described the towering skyscrapers that pierced the heavens, the vibrant streets teeming with life, and the endless possibilities that seemed to emanate from everycorner. As Emily delved deeper into Susan's words, she felt a stirring within her soul. A longing grew within her to experience the wonders of this distant city for herself.Lesson 2: The Great Gatsby.In the opulent halls of Gatsby's mansion, amidst the glitter and extravagance, a tale of love, loss, and the elusive nature of the American Dream unfolded. The protagonist, Nick Carraway, a young man from the Midwest, is drawn into the enigmatic world of Jay Gatsby, a self-made millionaire who yearns for the unattainable love of Daisy Buchanan.As Nick becomes privy to Gatsby's lavish parties and hears whispers of his mysterious past, he uncovers the cracks beneath the gilded surface. Gatsby's pursuit of Daisy is fueled by an idealized vision of the past, a past that he cannot reclaim. His relentless pursuit ultimately leads to his tragic downfall, leaving Nick to reflect on the futility of chasing dreams that are ultimately beyond our grasp.Lesson 3: The Tell-Tale Heart.In the depths of a shadowy and guilt-ridden mind, Edgar Allan Poe's "The Tell-Tale Heart" paints a chillingportrait of madness and obsession. The unnamed narrator, plagued by an overwhelming guilt, confesses to the gruesome murder of an old man. As he recounts the events leading up to the fateful night, his paranoia and delusions become increasingly apparent.The narrator's obsession with the old man's "vulture eye" becomes a symbol of his own inner demons. His fear and guilt drive him to dismember the corpse and hide it beneath the floorboards. However, his attempt to conceal his crime only amplifies his torment. The narrator's sanity unravels as he becomes convinced that the beating of his own heart will betray his guilt.Lesson 4: The Raven.On a bleak and stormy night, Edgar Allan Poe's "TheRaven" weaves a tapestry of grief, longing, and the haunting presence of death. The unnamed narrator, consumed by the loss of his beloved Lenore, sits in his chamber contemplating his sorrow. Suddenly, a mysterious raven perches on a bust of Pallas Athena and utters a single, haunting word: "Nevermore."The narrator's attempts to engage the raven in conversation only yield the same ominous refrain. With each repetition of "Nevermore," the narrator's despair deepens, and his hope for solace and resolution fades. The raven becomes a symbol of the narrator's torment, a constant reminder of his lost love and the inevitability of death.Lesson 5: The Scarlet Letter.In the austere Puritan society of 17th-century Boston, Nathaniel Hawthorne's "The Scarlet Letter" explores the themes of sin, guilt, and redemption. The protagonist, Hester Prynne, is forced to wear the scarlet letter "A" as a constant reminder of her adultery. As she navigates the harsh judgment of her community, Hester's strength andresilience gradually transform the letter from a mark of shame into a symbol of hope.Over the years, Hester's interactions with Arthur Dimmesdale, the father of her illegitimate child, and Roger Chillingworth, her estranged husband, reveal the complexities of human nature. The novel questions the rigidity of society's moral codes and examines the possibility of redemption through suffering and self-sacrifice.Additional Lessons.Lesson 6: The Yellow Wallpaper.Charlotte Perkins Gilman's "The Yellow Wallpaper" delves into the psychological torment of a woman diagnosed with "nervous depression" and confined to a secluded room with yellow wallpaper. The wallpaper's intricate and disturbing patterns become a tangible manifestation of the narrator's mental anguish, leading her to the brink of madness.Lesson 7: The Old Man and the Sea.Ernest Hemingway's "The Old Man and the Sea" follows the epic struggle of an aging fisherman, Santiago, as he battles a giant marlin in the vast expanse of the ocean. The novella explores themes of endurance, resilience, and the complexities of human relationships. Santiago'ssolitary pursuit of the marlin becomes a metaphor for his own struggle against the forces of nature and theinevitable passage of time.Lesson 8: A Rose for Emily.William Faulkner's "A Rose for Emily" paints a haunting and enigmatic portrait of a Southern woman, Emily Grierson, and her unraveling life. As the town's secrets and Emily's eccentricities come to light, the reader is left to piece together the fragments of her past and ponder the human capacity for isolation, self-denial, and the enduring power of the dead.。

健全的人格英语一、单词1. personality- 英语释义：thebination of characteristics or qualities that form an individual's distinctive character.- 用法：可作可数名词或不可数名词。

作可数名词时，指人的个性特点；作不可数名词时，指整体的人格。

例如：She has a strong personality.（她有很强的个性。

）- 双语例句：His personality makes him popular among his friends.（他的人格使他在朋友中很受欢迎。

）2. character- 英语释义：the mental and moral qualities distinctive to an individual.- 用法：作可数名词，可指人的性格、品质等。

例如：He is a man of good character.（他是一个品格良好的人。

）- 双语例句：Hard work helps to build character.（努力工作有助于塑造品格。

）3. integrity- 英语释义：the quality of being honest and having strong moral principles.- 用法：作不可数名词。

例如：A person of integrity is respected by others.（一个正直的人受到他人的尊重。

）- 双语例句：His integrity in business is well - known.（他在商业中的正直是众所周知的。

）4. maturity- 英语释义：the state of being fully developed physically or mentally.- 用法：作不可数名词。

例如：His maturity is shown in his decision - making.（他的成熟体现在他的决策中。