12b The Three Generations of Time Management

2023-2024学年广西百色市示范性高中高一下学期第二次月考英语试题Here are four festival s around the world that can offer you special and unique experiences. Carnival of Oruro, BoliviaAs one of the largest events in South America which has been held since the 18th century, it was recognized by UNESCO as a masterpiece of the Oral and Intangible Heritage of Humanity. Every year, dozens of groups wear colorful costumes or masks and perform folk dances that draw crowds up to 400,000 annually, celebrating pre-Columbian traditions.Underwater Music Festival, the USAIt starts from 1985 and its founder took music festival s to a whole new level with the aim to protect the corals (珊瑚). The event houses radio playlists and ocean-themed songs streaming live from underwater speakers along with musician-divers and local people playing instruments with strange shapes.Day of the Little Candles, ColombiaThis festival can date back to 1854 and Colombia’s windows, balconies, and sidewalks would come alive on the night of every December 7. And houses and streets are decorated with candles in varying colors and paper lanterns by families. Many people also consider it the unofficial start of the Christmas season when cities and towns debut (初次登场) their Christmas lights and decorations.World Toe Wrestling Championship, EnglandThis competition is not a new competition, with its history going back to 1976. The sport involves two opponents who lock feet in an attempt to pin each othe r’s foot down in the least time possible, similar to arm wrestling. There are three rounds played on a best of 2 out of 3 bases. Rounds kick-start with the right foot, then left and followed by right again.1. What do we know about Carnival of Oruro?A．It features colorful costumes and folk dances.B．It is a time for families to reunite.C．It is no use for the local economy.D．It only has one single presentation.2. What does Day of the Little Candles feature?A．Body strength. B．Colorful candles.C．Underwater creatures. D．Christmas goods.3. Which festival has the shortest history?A．Carnival of Oruro. B．Day of the Little Candles.C．Underwater Music Festival. D．World Toe Wrestling Championship.It is difficult to name a female architect more iconic than Zaha Hadid, whose name can be translated from Arabic as glorious. She passed away five years ago at the age of 65, but the impact she has left on the world of architecture is profound.Hadid was born into an upper-class Iraqi family in 1950. At the very beginning, she wanted to become a mathematician and studied science at the American University of Beirut, But at some point she realized that she preferred shapes to numbers. And she turned her concentration to architecture and went to London where she met the famous Dutch architect Rem Koolhaas.“There are 360 degrees, so why stick to one?” Hadid once said. Despite her abundance of amazing ideas, before the beginning of the 90s, not a single building based on her blueprints had been built. Her highly expressive style, while initially criticized and believed to be crazy, is now regarded as pioneering work. Her striking contemporary architecture, inspired by natural landforms, has graced the skylines of major metropolitan cities.“Women are always being told, ‘you’re not going to make it; It’s too difficult. You can’t do that Don’t enter this competition; You’ll never win it’,” Hadid said. “They need confidence in themselves and people around them for support.”Never one to be boxed in by conventions, Hadid proved society wrong. She received her first prize, the “Gold Medal Architectural Design” for her British Architecture in 1982. From then on, the awards kept rolling in. But the true triumph for Hadid came in 2004. Her project for the London Olympics Aquatic Center won her the Pritzker Architecture Prize. She became the first woman and first Muslim to earn the award, making a name for herself and paving the way for female architects. Hadid’s genius lives on in the array of many other spectacular build ings she has left behind in the world. Among them are the Guangzhou Opera House, the Beijing Daxing International Airport, as well as the Al Wakrah Stadium in Qatar where the 2022 FIFA World Cup will be held.Hadid may be gone, but her global influence on a new generation of female architects is here to stay.4. What made Hadid quit science to learn architecture?A．Her talent in architecture.B．Her interest in architecture.C．Her difficulty in learning science.D．Her encounter with Rem Koolhaas.5. What can we learn about Hadid’s works?A．Her architecture was inspired by mathematicsB．Her British Architecture won her the Pritzker Architecture Prize.C．Her architecture style was too bold to be accepted at the very beginning.D．Her works can only be found in European countries and the Middle East.6. What does paragraph 4 mainly about?A．The talk between Hadid and her colleague.B．The reason why women fail to be architects.C．The prejudice from society against women.D．The difficulty Hadid faced being an architect.7. What is the most profound impact Hadid has left on the world?A．She formed a unique style.B．She broke away from the convention.C．She received various architecture awardsD．She encouraged other women architects.The tea that has delighted and fascinated the world for thousands of years has finally received top-level global recognition as a shared cultural treasure of mankind. China’s traditional tea-making was added on Tuesday to the intangible cultural heritage list of UNESCO.The traditional tea processing techniques and associated social practices in China consist of knowledge, skills and practices concerning the management of tea plantations, picking of tea leaves, manual(手工的)processing, drinking and sharing of tea. Since ancient times, Chinese people have been planting, picking, making and drinking tea. Tea producers have developed six categories of tea: green, yellow, dark, white, oolong and black teas. Together with reprocessed teas, such as flower-scented teas, there are over 2, 000 tea products in China.Tea-related customs are not only found across the country, but also influence the rest of the world through the ancient Silk Road and trade routes. Tea is ubiquitous in Chinese people’s daily life, as steeped(浸泡)or boiled tea is served in families, workplaces, tea houses, restaurants and temples, etc. It is also an important part of socialization and ceremonies such as weddings and sacrifices. The practice of greeting guests and building relationships within families and among neighbors through tea- related activities is common to multiple ethnic groups, providing a sense of shared identity and continuity for the communities.In China, 44 registered national-level intangible cultural heritage entries are related to tea. There are over 40 vocational colleges and 80 universities that have set up majors in tea science or tea culture, resulting in over 3,000 graduates specializing in tea production and art every year, according to the ministry.China now has 43 items on the intangible cultural heritage list, continuing to be the most enlisted country in the world.8. What can be learnt from the passage?A．Chinese producers developed 44 categories of tea.B．Tea is quite popular with people all over the country.C．More than 2,000 tea products could be found in China.D．There’ re about 300 graduates specializing in tea production every year.9. What does the underlined word “ubiquitous” probably mean?A．rare B．common C．temporary D．available10. How does the author emphasize the promotion of tea culture in Paragraph 4?A．By listing figures. B．By making definitions.C．By giving examples. D．By making comparisons.11. In which kind of book may this text appear?A．A textbook. B．A travel journal.C．A story book. D．A cultural magazine.Award-winning Chinese shoe designer, Huang Qinqin, shares her transformative journey, combining cultural heritage and international design to shape the art of practical wear.Believing that the value of her products doesn’t lie in business operation, Huang always focuses on how to convey the stories behind her shoes to customers instead.“It is like storytelling, a natural ability I possess,” she said with a smile.However, Huang’s journey into design was unforeseen and it took her s everal years to discover her true passion. Huang switched her major from physics to international communications studies at university.While she found great enjoyment in these courses, she still didn’t know what she could do in the future.“One day, I grab bed a sheet of paper and began drawing some shoe designs I saw online.It was at that moment that the light suddenly dawned.” recalled Huang.To her astonishment, Huang discovered while international luxury shoe brands like Jimmy Choo and Christian Louboutin are household names, Chinese brands are rarely seen.This finding fueled Huang’s determination to pursue her career as a shoe designer, hoping to fill the blank in the international market.After returning to China from the UK, Huang established her own s hoe brand.“I think Chinese students studying abroad today all share a strong sense of mission—to showcase what China truly has to offer to the world,” Huang said.Looking back, Huang said that she took a long time to finally find her lifelong passion.“Ther e is a saying that one must achieve fame at a young age, but I believe it is never too late to unlock one’s potential, since everyone operates on their unique ‘time zone’,” she said.Before her current career path, Huang never stopped trying new things, including garden design and dance.These diverse experiences have all become precious treasures in her life, nurturing her self-directed learning abilities, which have turned out to be essential skills for her startup business today.12. What does Huang value most about her products?A．Design concept. B．Market share.C．Quality standard. D．Business operation.13. What further motivated Huang Qinqin to be a shoe designer?A．Passion for fashion and design.B．Lack of Chinese brands in the field.C．Desire to challenge conventional norms.D．Love for international luxury shoe brands.14. What can best describe Huang?A．Creative and flexible.B．Ambitious and easy-going.C．Talented and accessible.D．Responsible and humorous.15. What might Huang agree with?A．Well begun is half done.B．Think twice before you leap.C．Every step counts in your life.D．It matters much when you succeed.You know the feeling — your ears start to warm up, your tongue goes numb (麻木的), and you start sweating and taking deep brea ths. You’ve just eaten something spicy, knowing it would be painful, but you chose to do it anyway. Are humans just masochistic (自讨苦吃的), or is there something else going on? 16Spicy isn’t actually a taste like salty, sweet, sour and bitten —it’s a sens ation. 17 . When we eat foods containing capsaicin (辣椒素), our bodies are tricked into thinking the temperature is actually rising. In trying to relieve the burning sensation, our bodies release endorphins (内啡肽) which control pain and, at the same time, give a feeling of pleasure — like painkillers.This is what is happening chemically, but there is also a conscious side to choosing spicy food. Dr Tamara Rosenbaum, a Cognitive Neuroscientist, explains in an interview with the BBC that this is 18 . Furthermore, we obtain pleasure from the other ingredients chilli is generally cooked and eaten with—including fat, sugar and salt. So — like skydiving — eating chilli is a form of thrill-seeking, 19Humans, one of the few mammals on Earth that developed a taste for capsaicin, started cultivating chilli peppers about six thousand years ago. Human intervention changed the chilli pepper to suit human tastes and needs —including the pepper’s colour, size and capsaicin content-helping toexplain the many different types of chilli peppers now available. 20 . We eat around 57.3 million tons of peppers globally each year, and chilli is a key ingredient in traditional dishes from Mexico to Korea.When the bell rang on the last day of school, Susanna cheered along with her classmates. School was over, and summer was beginning!Some students were ________ to go to summer camp while others were just happy to stay at home and rest. However, summertime for Susanna ________ only one thing: the cottage.On sunny days at the cottage, there was so much ________ ! The sunshine made the lake shine like a diamond. The gentle wind ________ the leaves on the trees, sounding like a waterfall. Susanna was ________ to go swimming with her parents in the clear lake on the hottest days. She also liked rowing herself on a paddle board (浆板), ________ she often fell off it!On ________ days, the family would stay indoors, watching movies or ________ challenging jigsaw puzzles. At night they would do some ________ , embracing (拥抱) the wonder of literature while listening to the sounds of the rain falling on the roof.Susanna loved the way her whole family spent the summer there. However, the ________ was her cousins’ visit. They would light a campfire at night, singing and dancing to music outdoors. Once inside, ________ themselves under blankets, Susanna and her cousins would tell ________ and laugh to tears until the adults found them and told them to be quiet. ________ , they would fall asleep, one by one, until only Susanna remained ________ . She would fall asleep to the gentle snores of exhausted children, wishing that summer at the cottage would never ________.21.A．hesitant B．grateful C．excited D．patient22.A．lacked B．meant C．proved D．changed23.A．freedom B．imagination C．practice D．pleasure24.A．struck B．kissed C．bit D．tore25.A．brave B．nervous C．proud D．eager26.A．even though B．in case C．as if D．so that27.A．cloudy B．rainy C．windy D．sunny28.A．working on B．putting away C．picking up D．handing out29.A．talking B．drawing C．dancing D．reading30.A．highlight B．arrangement C．tradition D．advantage31.A．protecting B．hiding C．seating D．dressing32.A．stories B．lies C．jokes D．secrets33.A．Eventually B．Exactly C．Fortunately D．Obviously34.A．exhausted B．silent C．awake D．sleepy35.A．exist B．approach C．last D．end阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

On the Three Female Characters in The Great Gatsby20111151121 潘思岑1.General introductionThe "American dream" is a unique cultural phenomenon in American history, also is a everlasting theme in American literature. Fitzgerald, most good at writing about "American dream", is a genuine author born under American culture and the "American dream". Fitzgerald is outstanding in literary circles in the United States along with Hemingway, Faulkner. The Great Gatsby is the representative work of Fitzgerald, published in 1925. By describing the protagonist Gatsby pursuing the American dream, achieving the American dream and eventually becoming a kind of sacrifice during the process of the American dream, the novel critically reflected the corruption, erosion and the strong criticism of the American society under the a flashy, bright and exciting surface. This work has been praised as the most profound contemporary American novel, which has been recognized embodiment of creative thinking and artistic style of Fitzgerald. The author himself also acknowledges that the novel is his conscious artistic achievement from creative thinking. It is Gatsby, as one of Fitzgerald protagonists in the novel, who has been a typical figure in the world literary gallery and recorded into the western literary classic(114).In The Great Gatsby Fitzgerald exquisitely and accurately depicts the “jazz age”. The three important female images are particularly impressive: Gatsby's dream lover, Daisy Buchanan from a noble family, Daisy's girlfriend, also a golf player Jordan Baker, and Tom Buchanan's mistress Myrtle Wilson. As for Jordan Baker who always keeps skeptical for the world, “there are only people just pursuing and beingpursued, also the busy and leisure in the world.”(107). What leads to the decay and parasitic values for life of these women, we think, is the era they live in. In the novel "The Great Gatsby", Fitzgerald created 3 different female characters with different social class, different culture background, different personality temperaments. But they share an important thing in common that they live depending on man and try their best to realize their life value from the pursuit of men. This suggests that the decadent parasitic life style and consciousness of these female characters in the field reflects the female psychological structure and ethics of the "jazz age".As Malcolm Cowley, an American literary critic, states that Fitzgerald has been infatuated with money when he was young, but then he broke the pale with luxurious life and got poisoned by money. So he has a profound understanding of the value of money and can vividly depicted a …romance of money‟for upper class(3). Admittedly, from his own experiences and feelings in the book Fitzgerald focuses on the performance of the American tragedy and the tragedy of the times.2.Daisy BuchananDaisy Buchanan, a beautiful and young rich woman, was Nick's cousin, and was also Gatsby's lover. Gatsby won Daisy's heart with a handsome gentleman image, and they fell in love. Daisy promised she would always wait for him. In fact, Gatsby was in love with Daisy on purpose, that is, he wanted to satisfy his vanity to be in love with such a beautiful girl, and once he get Daisy's heart, he felt dull. He even once wanted Daisy to end the relationship with him. As the result of war, they were separated. This made Daisy feel the invisible pressure. Just like other millions ofwomen, Daisy liked to enjoy an extravagant life. She would not sacrifice her interests for Gatsby‟s so-called dream. It is biased for us to think Daisy as a mammonist only because she loved money .Maybe it is right for that kind of poor girls who always wanted to be a Cinderella, but it‟s not for her. Daisy was just born with wealth. Charlotte Gilman, a feminist critic, once pointed out that in the booming l920s of the United States, the U.S. women's social status was still under the influence of male discourse, that was to say, women's family background and marital status determines their social status. When a girl wanted to get a sense of security only through a respectable marriage, Gatsby was poor and couldn't give her this spiritual security. In order to pursue true inner desire, Daisy had no such power to resist the present system only by herself. So, the only thing she could do was to resist such disharmony of happiness with another form. In the end, she ended the relationship with Gatsby, and chose to be Tom Buchanan's wife. However, because of Tom's selfish and merciless, in other word, it represented another patriarchal system and such marriage would be a nightmare for Daisy.When she talked about her situation to Nick, Daisy said: "I think everything is bad in my life."Seemingly, simple words revealed her lost of inner heart. Indeed, her love, marriage, and even herself had deviated from the normal track, which made her lost herself. Soon, she found that Tom, vulgar and rude, treat emotional relation with infidelity. Although she had tried to challenge the authority of Tom, all efforts were in vain.In the noisy l920 s, divorce was not accepted by the public, and the divorcedwomen had to bear more pressure and criticism than men. Even if Daisy could escape from the cage of marriage, it did not mean that Daisy could get spiritual freedom. Without independent economic rights, she might eventually return to family. Therefore, it was reasonable that Daisy was unable to break through layers of obstruction for the pursuit of individual freedom. Although her husband's behavior was unacceptable, the only thing she could do was to pretend to graciously accept the so-called "happiness", because she had no choice. For this, why was it not a silent resistance? Just as in the novel, Daisy cried to ask: “what can we do this afternoon?”As a modern female in Fitzgerald's work, Daisy had a strong female consciousness. She is a rich and vivid person, and also a victim of the emotional infidelity. Under her hypocrisy, she owns love, mature, honest and is full of romantic fantasy. No doubt that she was the representative of new women. She didn't want to become a pregnant tool, and the life around the kitchen all day was not what she wanted. What she wanted was different from the traditional women's marriage, motherhood and changeless state of life. The novel from beginning to end treats Nick as the main role to tell the whole story. When Nick and she accidentally talked about children, Daisy didn't show the passion and excitement in her eyes, but said calmly, "if I do not guess wrongly, she should have been talking and could eat anything. I wish she is a fool –I think it is the best way out for a girl in the world as a pretty idiot."Daisy knew that consciousness and restraint made her feel tangled and confused, and more deeply knew the weak position of women in the patriarchal society. If her daughter clearly realized her situation in the future, and was unable to pursue ownfreedom and happiness, then she would live a painful life like her. So, such words she said can precisely reflect a strong maternal tenderness of woman to her children, reflect the hard choices for women under the patriarchal system, and also express her criticism of the patriarchal system and a disguised form of resistance.3.JordanJordan is a middle-class woman with great concentration upward. In the eyes of readers, Jordan Baker is an insouciant woman who didn't care about everything particularly. If the color with coding meaning in culture is used to show personality characteristics, Daisy is the red-Bengal, while Jordan is chrysanthemum yellow coming from a middle-class family. The pursuit of fame and wealth was buried in her indifferent face. Jordan was a smart woman she can play any role the moment it needed to be and wore a pair of mask with her arrogance. At the age of 16, she considered Daisy as the largest admirers of all older girls because Daisy owned the wealth and status which she couldn‟t equal to. At the same time, “Daisy was the most popular Miss Louisville”(58). Actually, her worship of Daisy was the worship of fame and wealth. It was also the real reflection of her money worship and vanity psychology.Daisy influenced Jordan constantly until she grew up which could be seen from many places in the book. When Jordan appeared, she and Daisy were dressed in a white dress like a big balloon floating in space with the white gauze dancing in the wind”(8). When visiting Daisy with Gatsby and Nick, her daughter said: “aunt Jordan is also wearing a white dress”(90). When Jordan recalled Daisy‟s girlhood, shespecifically mentioned “she is wearing a white dress driving a white car.” (58). This white coding meaning means the unity of pure nobility and ugly-humble, good and evil. It lies between the right and wrong, the virtual and real, which expresses the Fitzgerald's the misty sense of female and the Daisy‟s profound influence on Jordan. In other words, Daisy was what Jordan desires for life.However, in the relation with Daisy, she involuntarily felt a kind of depression and low self-esteem -- this was in contrast to Daisy…s inherent sense of the superiority. Although with beauty, Jordan lacked the charm as Daisy that is irresistible to the male. In addition, she also couldn‟t equal to her on weal th and status. Golfer as a career let her deeply be aware of the fierce and cruel competition. In the competition, she by hook or by crook or despicably intended to gain the victory. She obviously seemed to be much more aged than rosy Daisy living in the green house and never kept the already fading dreams in her heart one year after year (92). She bravely chose to straight to the target. As a result, she lost a lot of sensibilities and lingering that Daisy revealed distinctively.Moreover, Jordan was a quite realistic character from the beginning. This reality also performed on her attitude towards men. As to her love for Nick, critics Stanley Cooperman had a penetrating discussion: “Jordan felt his inner honesty and moral firmness (Nick represents old tradition that focus on character and moral sense of responsibility, just as Gatsby represents a new world composed of moral deterioration and false dreams), so she realized that only staying with Nick, she could take her own way and Nick must always follow up her mess. In a word, for Jordan baker, her loveto Nick was “jus t another calculation of hers.”(99)In this era, with people‟s spiritual world filled with crumbling walls, Jordan learned it that "everything is skeptical of the world", so her performance always was laid a brand by egoism in all aspects. She just went for the sake of her own needs and never did anything to her for nonsense. She was very careful to protect herself, directly regardless of her own resp onsibilities. In her eyes, the “re sponsibility”is ot hers‟ business while only her need counts for the most important and others must make way for her interests. So, when Nick left her, she was devastated. To keep mentally balance, she even told Nick that she had an engagement with others in order to psychologically reverse her embarrassment. She didn‟t care about losing Nick, but got angrily for Nick dumped her rather than she deserted him. The distorted soul made her have no ability to love a person.We re gard Jordan as the “pale yellow” color. The reason, on the one hand, was that Jordan used her exclusively captivating smile to take the man's loves. Thus, she could cover up the heart of indifference and the use of men to earn her own interests. On the other hand, her smile was hidden under the desire for money and the pursuit of it. On the big stage of the "jazz age", Jordan made herself trapped in an awkward situation with her middle-class origins. She was eager to enter the upper-class society, but mentally kept a certain distance. She chose a pair of “arrogant face”to protect herself out of fear that a rejection by this ecstatic sociality bringing her faint fear and inferiority which gripped her all the time. Therefore, in many respects, she seemed to be more sophisticated and much more powerful than Daisy. In the stage of the "jazzage", as it were, Jordan Baker drastically and perfectly portrayed the psychology of a middle-class woman4.Myrtle: love and sacrificial objectsAt the bottom of the social class, Myrtle Wilson in the novel is similar to a clown. Myrtle, as a poor dealership owner, apparently lost the origin of the traditional morality and escaped from the cultural roots. With caustic taunt and slavery to her husband, she blindly believes that “the only crazy thing is to get married with him(Wilson), and he even doesn‟t deserve to lick my shoes(106). She shows indifference and even no love for her husband. As such a vulgar, ridiculous woman, she cannot even compare with beautiful and elegant Daisy.Tom‟s playing with her just appeared to be no better than a picky nobleman who occasionally changes his taste on folk snacks on eating habits. What he did was just playing with her and regarded her as a toy doll. His contemptuous attitude towards her can be shown when Myrtle called Daisy by her first name. When hearing that, Tom‟s face darkened and beat her for he thought Myrtle was unworthy of calling that name. That wasn‟t an act out of drunkenness, but an idea regarding Myrtle as a inferior person and wasn‟t qualified to be treated as equal as Daisy. “It‟s no wonder that every ego belongs to specific cultural environment, even though it is in a system of the same language, culture and language.”(Zhang255). Myrtle‟s self-consciousness was dislocated. The phallus centralism of the upper class, represented by Tom, was fully shown in front of Daisy. Myrtle‟s feeling of Tom was originated from her admiration of vanity. When Modal first met with Tom, she was totally enchanted by him andcouldn‟t help looking at him for his formal-attire and patent leather shoes. The origin of her love to Tom represented her thirsty for a wasteful life and a higher status.For Daisy, she has no intention of knowing this woman, for she know that this woman can pose no threat to her wealth and her status (two things that compose all the things she has). But to Myrtle, Daisy is the biggest hindrance for her pursuit of ideal life. So she run desperately into the road, trying to stop Daisy‟s car, hoping that she can get rid of her “enemy”. It is this behavior, one going beyond her status, that cost her life. The stratum Myrtle belongs to makes her possess certain instinctive hatred against those women from upper class, but as a result of that age, she also want to have the kind of life that those women have, one that is full of joy and pleasure. 5.ConclusionThese three women come from different social classes, with different character, temperaments. But they share an important thing in common that they live tightly depending on man and try their best to realize their life value from the pursuit of men and even having sex with men. Those women take it for granted to prove their own survival significance from extravagant confused life men bring to them. However, they have common view of value in the Jazz Age as a woman: to abandon the traditional female image as a model, that is to be pious, virtuous, tender and housekeeping and instead to pursue a taste of wild living style and treat the material wealth as the only measure of success in life. Although “we hold these truth to be self-evident, that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their creator with certain unalienable rights, that among these are life, liberty and the pursuit ofhappiness”(G.Hocmarel8), the lower social status of women cannot be separated from their economic position. From the analysis of these three women characters from three different social classes, we can understand that in order to change that kind of unequal situation, women should not only form the realization of equality to men, but also struggle and try hard to achieve their life value.Reference:Cooperman, Stanley: F.Scott Fitzgerald‟s The Great Gatsby. Foreign Language Teaching and Researching Press, 1996.Cowley, Malcolm．F．S．Fitzgerald-Ramance of Money[M]．The Viking Press，1973. Fitzgerald, F．S．．The Great Gatsby[M]．New York：Charles Scribner‟s Sons，1952 G.Hocmarel etc. The American Dream.New York: Longman Inc. 1982.Xie, Jingliang(ed.). A Dictionary of Western Literary Allusions and Quotations.Beijing: China Prospect Press,1986.Zhang Jinyuan．Post-colonial Theory and Cultural Criticism [M]．Beijing: Peking University Press，1999.。

TheTimesTheyAreAChangin（时代在变）来自BobDylanBob Dylan鲍勃·迪伦（Bob Dylan，1941年5月24日－），原名罗伯特·艾伦·齐默曼（Robert Allen Zimmerman），有重要影响力的美国唱作人，摇滚歌手，民谣歌手，音乐家，诗人，获2008年诺贝尔文学奖提名。

迪伦的影响力主要体现在60年代，他对音乐的最主要的贡献是歌词的深刻寓意与音乐成为同等重要的一部分，他对工业国家整个一代人的敏感性的形成起了很大的作用，他的音乐对理解和分析60年代是至关重要的。

纵观其音乐生涯，Bob Dylan 堪称赋予了摇滚乐以灵魂。

The Times They Are A-changin’ 时代在变Come gather 'round people大家来聚集在一起Wherever you roam不管你现在何处徜徉And admit that the waters看四周的潮水Around you have grown正在上涨And accept it that soon马上你就会You'll be drenched to the bone 全身湿透If your time to you如果你的时代Is worth savin'值得拯救Then you better start swimmin' 你最好立刻开始泅渡Or you'll sink like a stone否则你会像块石头一样下沉For the times they are a-changin'. 因为时代时代在变Come writers and critics来吧作家和评论家们Who prophesize with your pen 用笔作出预言And keep your eyes wide睁大你们的眼睛The chance won't come again机不可失And don't speak too soon别讲得太快For the wheel's still in spin车轮还在旋转And there's no tellin' who没人能说清楚为什么That it's namin'现在的败寇For the loser now稍后Will be later to win会成为胜王For the times they are a-changin'.因为时代时代在变Come senators, congressmen来吧参议员们国会议员们Please heed the call请留心人们的呼吁Don't stand in the doorway别站在门口Don't block up the hall别堵塞走廊For he that gets hurt Will be he who has stalled谁驻足不前谁就会受伤There's a battle outside门外的战斗And it is ragin'正如火如荼It'll soon shake your windows它会震动你的窗户And rattle your walls摇晃你的墙壁For the times they are a-changin'. 因为时代时代在变Come mothers and fathers来吧母亲父亲们Throughout the land这块大地上的全都来吧And don't criticize不要批评What you can't understand你们不能理解的东西Your sons and your daughters你们的儿女Are beyond your command已经不受你们控制Your old road is你们的老路Rapidly agin'早被遗弃Please get out of the new one请让年青人自己走If you can't lend your hand如果你们已不能伸出援手For the times they are a-changin'. 因为时代时代在变The line it is drawn界线已划The curse it is cast咒语已下The slow one now迟缓的人Will later be fast将会飞奔As the present now如同此刻Will later be past转瞬即逝The order is Rapidly fadin'命令迅速失效And the first one now如今为首的Will later be last来日必在最后For the times they are a-changin'. 因为时代时代在变。

小学下册英语第6单元全练全测英语试题一、综合题(本题有100小题，每小题1分，共100分.每小题不选、错误，均不给分)1. A substance that donates protons in a reaction is called an ______.2.What is the name of the mountain range that includes Mount Everest?A. AndesB. RockiesC. HimalayasD. AlpsC Himalayas3.I eat _____ (巧克力) sometimes.4.What do you call the process of photosynthesis?A. Production of foodB. Growth of plantsC. Absorption of sunlightD. All of the aboveD5.The cat is hiding ________ the bed.6.The reaction of an acid with a carbonate produces ______.7.What do we call the lines on a graph?A. AxesB. CoordinatesC. PointsD. Variables答案:A8.I enjoy making __________ in the snow with my friends. (雪球)9.What is the capital of Singapore?A. SingaporeB. Kuala LumpurC. JakartaD. ManilaA10.What is the name of the famous American singer known for her hit "Bad Romance"?A. Katy PerryB. Taylor SwiftC. Lady GagaD. BeyoncéC11.The _______ (青蛙) can live both in water and on land.12.What do you call the study of animals?A. BiologyB. ZoologyC. EcologyD. BotanyB13.Light takes time to travel across the vastness of _______.14.The first African American to win a Nobel Prize was _______.15.I enjoy _______ (看电视) with my family.16.The movie was very ___. (funny)17. A chemical reaction can produce a change in ______.18.I love to watch ______ movies with my family.19.I enjoy riding my ________ (滑板) at the skate park.20.What is the sound a dog makes?A. MeowB. BarkC. QuackD. MooB21.The tree is ___ (tall/short).22.My ______ loves to share her knowledge.23.Rush brought many people to ________ (加利福尼亚). The Grea24.In _____ (巴基斯坦), you can find the Karakoram Range.25.I love to watch _______ (昆虫) crawl.26.She has a beautiful ________.27.The capital of Lesotho is ________ (马塞卢).28.The ________ was a famous leader in the fight for civil rights.29.The director, ______ (导演), makes movies.30.My grandmother is a great __________ (讲述者).31.Where do plants grow?A. In the airB. In waterC. In soilD. In space32.________ (生物工程) advances agriculture.33.What is the color of a typical carrot?A. GreenB. YellowC. OrangeD. Red34.The __________ (种植者) planted seeds in rows.35.What is the primary color of a stoplight for "go"?A. YellowB. GreenC. RedD. Blue36.Matter can exist in different states, including solid, liquid, and ________.37.What do you do with a book?A. EatB. ReadC. WriteD. SingB38.We will go to the ________ (博物馆) next week.39.The first emperor of China was ________ (秦始皇).40.I have a collection of ______ (邮票) from different countries. They are very ______ (特别的).41.What is the main ingredient in pancakes?A. FlourB. SugarC. ButterD. Eggs42.outreach strategy) extends services to those in need. The ____43.What is the term for the outer layer of the Earth?A. CoreB. MantleC. CrustD. SurfaceC44.My pet bird loves to _______ (飞翔) around the room.45.I like to ________ my friends at the park.46.What do you call a person who catches fish?A. FishermanB. HunterC. GathererD. TrapperA47.The chemical reaction that occurs during respiration is a type of _______.48.Which planet has the most moons?A. EarthB. SaturnC. JupiterD. MarsC49.Grass is a common type of ______ found in many parks. (草是许多公园中常见的植物类型。

变形金刚觉色英语【实用版】目录1.引言：介绍变形金刚和觉色英语2.变形金刚的历史和发展3.觉色英语的概念和特点4.变形金刚与觉色英语的结合5.结论：变形金刚觉色英语的价值和意义正文【引言】变形金刚和觉色英语，这两个看似截然不同的领域，如今却因为教育和文化的需求而紧密地结合在一起。

变形金刚，这个起源于美国的玩具和动画形象，深受全球粉丝的喜爱。

而觉色英语，作为一种创新的英语学习方法，致力于让学习者通过感官体验来掌握英语。

接下来，我们将探讨变形金刚觉色英语的诞生背景、价值以及意义。

【变形金刚的历史和发展】变形金刚，原名“Transformers”，起源于 20 世纪 80 年代的美国玩具市场。

它由玩具公司孩之宝（Hasbro）推出，随后衍生出动画、电影等多种形式。

变形金刚的独特之处在于它可以从一种形态转换成另一种形态，例如从机器人变为汽车、飞机等。

这种创新的设计使得变形金刚迅速风靡全球，成为一代又一代孩子们的美好回忆。

【觉色英语的概念和特点】觉色英语（Multi-Sensory English）是一种强调多感官参与的英语学习方法。

它认为，通过调动学习者的视觉、听觉、嗅觉、味觉和触觉等多重感官，可以让学习者在更自然的状态下掌握英语。

觉色英语的特点包括：生动有趣的场景、丰富的教具、互动式的学习、紧密结合实际应用等。

【变形金刚与觉色英语的结合】变形金刚觉色英语，是将变形金刚的形象和故事与觉色英语教学相结合的一种教育产品。

它利用变形金刚的独特魅力，吸引孩子们的注意力，再通过觉色英语的教学方法，帮助孩子们更好地学习英语。

变形金刚觉色英语的产品形式多样，包括图书、教具、动画等，为孩子们提供了一个丰富多彩的学习环境。

【结论】变形金刚觉色英语的价值在于，它将一个广受欢迎的娱乐形象与一种创新的英语学习方法相结合，使得英语学习变得更加生动有趣。

这种结合不仅激发了孩子们的学习兴趣，也提高了英语学习的效果。

贾斯珀系列一、贾斯珀系列简介贾斯珀系列（Jasper series）是80年代以来美国建构主义教学模式的典范案例之一。

它是由Vanderbilt大学的"温特贝尔特认知与技术小组"（CTGV）运用已有的研究成果所创设的。

贾斯珀系列共包括以录像为依据的12个历险故事，这些历险故事主要是为小学5年级以上的学生设计的，也有人认为贾斯珀系列适用于幼儿园?2年级的学生。

这些历险故事主要是以发现和解决一些数学中的问题为核心。

每一个历险故事都是按美国国家数学教师委员会（NCTM）推荐的标准来设计的，而且，每一个历险故事都为数学问题的解决、推理、交流，以及与其他领域如科学、社会学、文化与历史等的互动提供了多种机会。

每一张光盘都包括一小段约17分钟的历险录像，录像总是以提出各种各样的挑战性问题而结束。

每一个历险故事的设计都像一部精彩的侦探小说，用以解决历险中问题的所有必需的数据以及一些原始的数据都镶嵌在故事中，其中同样也镶嵌了一些教学情境，以便为一些典型的问题解决方法提供示范。

这些片段还为学生们提供了一个及时重放录像的机会，以便于他们更好地解决贾斯珀历险故事中的挑战性问题。

在贾斯珀系列中，还包括以录像为依据的SMART挑战性系列，它是贾斯珀系列的更广泛、更高级的发展。

最初，CTGV对贾斯珀系列的开发是将其作为数学教学的支持性工具来运用的；目前，在美国的数学教育教学中，CTGV以及他们的合作者们正以更为饱满的热情进行贾斯珀系列的进一步研究与开发，使贾斯珀系列和数学课有机地统一、整合在一起，全面推进数学教育改革；接下来第三步是建设"思维学校"方案与"思维学校"网站，运用计算机网络技术，在班级中、学校中、跨越班级与学校、跨越学校与社会，建立一个新型的学习共同体，为未来关注贾斯珀的研究者、贾斯珀教师以及贾斯珀学习者提供一个互动交流的平台，进而支持新型社区的建设，使贾斯珀系列向更高的层次发展。

中华小故事英文版One day, when I was playing in the park with my friends, I suddenly heard a loud noise. "Oh my god! What happened?" I shouted.My friends and I ran towards the source of the noise. There we saw an old man sitting on a bench, looking very sad. "Grandpa, what's wrong?" I asked curiously.The old man sighed and said, "I was just remembering the stories of my childhood, those wonderful Chinese stories.""Oh, tell us about them, Grandpa!" my friend pleaded."Well, there is a story about a monkey king. He was so brave and powerful, and he had amazing adventures." The old man began to tell the story with a gentle voice."Wow, that sounds so cool!" I exclaimed.As the old man told the story, we were allpletely immersed in it. We could almost see the monkey king leaping through the mountains and fighting against the evil demons."Isn't it amazing how these stories can take us to another world?" the old man said with a smile."Yeah, it's like we're in a magic land!" I agreed.Then the old man told us another story, this time about a kind-hearted girl who helped a poor old woman. "See, kindness is always important," he said."Definitely!" we all chorused.After hearing these stories, I thought to myself: these Chinese stories are like precious treasures. They not only bring us joy but also teach us so many good values.Isn't it wonderful to have such great stories to share and cherish?I believe these stories will continue to be passed down from generation to generation, keeping the magic and wisdom alive.。

在幕后大家好！让我先问你一个问题：关于一部电影，你首先注意到的是什么？表演？音乐？也许是神奇的布景？无论你的答案是什么，它(电影)都远比你表面看到的更为复杂。

事实上，你在屏幕上看到的电影是大量努力工作的产物，其中大部分是在幕后进行的。

今天，我将就电影制作中你们可能并不熟悉的一些方面做一个简要介绍。

首先，我想提请你们注意电影的一个重要因素——音效。

这些通常是在一个场景被拍摄之后添加的，可能不会以你预期的方式制作。

例如，在《侏罗纪公园》电影中，不同动物的声音，包括一只小象和一只老虎，被电脑合成在一起，发出恐龙的咆哮。

在《星际迷航》电影中，开门的声音仅仅是通过从信封里抽出一张纸而制作的。

另一个我认为很重要的方面就是视觉特效。

CGI在电影制作中经常作为一种特效技术被使用。

一般来说，需要CGI的场景是在制片室绿色屏幕前拍摄的。

由于绿色与任何天然头发或肤色不匹配，演员可以很容易地从背景中分离出来。

这使得CGI效果可以在以后添加。

《哈利·波特》中的魁地奇场面就是这样制作的，演员们在一个绿色的屏幕前跳上跳下。

然而，计算机的帮助并不总是首选的。

《指环王》系列电影的导演彼得·杰克逊采用了一种创造性的方法——他巧妙地利用摄像机的角度让剧中人物看上去比实际大或小。

道具也有助于电影的成功。

要使一部电影看起来真实，有时必须付出巨大的努力来研究、寻找和建造物体。

导演詹姆斯·卡梅隆花了六个月的时间研究和修改“泰坦尼克号”的计划，以便为他1997年的电影建立一个完整的模型。

以确保细节是正确的，他与历史学家交谈甚至自个儿下到大西洋底部，看看这艘船还剩下什么。

花了500名工人100天时间打造精品模型，更不用说里面的数千个道具了。

我今天的演讲可能无法公正地评价人们在幕后所做的所有工作。

正如真正的“泰坦尼克号”上那些可怜的乘客们所看到的冰山一角一样，我们在电影屏幕上看到的也只是电影制作这座巨大冰山的一角而已。

英文经典电影赏析智慧树知到课后章节答案2023年下武汉科技大学武汉科技大学第一章测试1.电影是谁发明的？（）答案:卢米埃尔兄弟格林兄弟2.早期美国主流电影常见主题是什么？ ( )答案:善有善报，恶有恶报;贫穷和善良比为富不仁要好;机会面前人人平等;不管你如何穷，总还有人比你更苦3.二十世纪初叶，美国电影业主要被哪些公司垄断 ( ) ？答案:比沃格拉夫公司;爱迪生公司;维太格拉夫公司4.从欧洲来到好菜坞的导演中，法国的刘别谦(1892-1947)最负盛名，他擅拍以两性生活为题材的“雅致喜剧”，赢得了美国中产阶级观众的青睐。

（）答案:错5.资产阶级把其他社会制度和思想意识的产物一古老艺术一奉为一切艺术的绝对标准和唯一典范。

这种艺术观使文明的欧洲成为不利于电影这门全新的20世纪艺术发展的环境，而既没有什么传统、也没有什么偏见的美国人则很容易接受这门艺术的突进现象。

（）答案:对第二章测试1.早期电影的制作基本依靠“导演制度”。

（）答案:错2.早期电影由摄影师、导演、策划和制片人共同制作。

（）答案:错3.早期电影最显著的特点是：（）答案:记录和重现现实生活4.早期电影主要倚赖于影象，而非叙事。

（）答案:对5.早期电影被称为“叙事性的电影”。

（）答案:错第三章测试1.角色塑造与表演是相辅相成的。

（）答案:对2.好莱坞的表演有两种完全不同的发展方向：“角色表演”和“明星表演” 。

（）答案:错3.电影角色可划分为三种基本功能，不属于其中的一项是（）答案:反面角色4.电影的“主人公”就是电影的主要角色。

（）答案:错5.《公民凯恩》的主要角色是只有凯恩自己。

（）答案:错第四章测试1.次要情节通常币主要情节更加明确的表达主题。

（）答案:对2.次要情节的思想和主要情节的思想不能产生矛盾。

（）答案:错3.次要情节可以对主要情节进行重复和发展。

（）答案:对4.（）是指通过次要情节把观众的注意力”吊起来“，让他们间接地把注意力转向主要情节。

高2025届高二(上) 半期考试英语试卷(命题人: 徐薇、孙小涵审题人: 杨静)注意事项:1. 答题前, 考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号、班级、学校在答题卡上填写清楚。

2. 每小题选出答案后, 用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑, 如需改动, 用橡皮擦干净后, 再选涂其他答案标号。

在试卷上作答无效。

3. 考试结束后, 请将答题卡交回, 试卷自行保存。

满分150分, 考试用时120分钟。

第I卷(选择题)第一部分听力(共两节, 满分20分)第一节(共5小题: 每小题1分, 满分5分)听下面5段对话。

每段对话后有一个小题, 从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。

听完每段对话后, 你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。

每段对话仅读一遍。

1. What’s wrong with the woman’s foot?A. It’s broken.B. It has a skin disease.C. It got burned by hot oil.2. What was Sparky probably doing?A. Trying on a hat.B. Destroying a hat or a tie.C. Chewing on one of his toys.3. Where does the woman want to go?A. To the office.B. To the library.C. To the dining hall.4. Why did the woman start her business?A. To learn about dogs.B. To help her neighbors.C. To finish a research project for school.5. Where might the speakers be?A. On a bridge.B. At a movie theater.C. In a car.第二节(共15小题: 每小题1分, 满分15分)听下面5 段对话或独白。

㊀2024年第1期No.1㊀2024四川大学学报(哲学社会科学版)Journal of Sichuan University (Philosophy and Social Science Edition )总第250期Sum No.250ɦ历史学研究ɦ马修·帕里斯的行程地图与中世纪地图制作者世界观的转变陈志坚摘㊀要:13世纪中后期,英格兰本笃修士马修㊃帕里斯及其后继者在圣奥尔本斯修道院创作了一系列行程地图㊂这些地图原是编年史抄本序章中的一部分,不仅包括自伦敦至南意大利阿普利亚的分段路线图,还包含作为此行程出发地与目的地 不列颠与巴勒斯坦的区域地图㊂长期以来,研究者多以传统的宗教进路来解读这些行程地图,视其为一种精神的朝圣之旅,认为作者旨在为那些不能亲临圣地的修士开启一次通往天上耶路撒冷的富有想象力的旅程㊂然而,以抄本古文字学与古抄本学方法考察这些行程地图可发现,它们不仅在外观上呈现出与传统基督教地图迥然不同的特征,还在很大程度上呼应了金雀花王朝统治者扩张领土以建立帝国的野心与欲求㊂不仅如此,基于新近复兴的古典地理学知识,这些行程地图的实用性㊁精确性与科学性也在一定程度上得到增强㊂关键词:马修㊃帕里斯;世界之布;行程地图;中世纪;世界观中图分类号:K561.32㊀㊀文献标志码:A㊀㊀文章编号:1006-0766(2024)01-0129-14作者简介:陈志坚,首都师范大学历史学院教授(北京㊀100089)①㊀Simon Lloyd and Rebecca Reader, Paris,Matthew (c.1200-1259),Historian,Benedictine Monk,and Polymath, in H.C.G.Matthew and Brian Harrison,eds.,Oxford Dictionary of National Biography :From the Earliest Times to the Year 2000,vol.42,Oxford:Oxford University Press,2004,p.622.②㊀Richard Vaughan, The Handwriting of Matthew Pairs, Transactions of the Cambridge Bibliographical Society ,vol.1,no.5(1953),p.389;Richard Vaughan,Matthew Paris ,Cambridge:Cambridge University Press,1958,pp.236-243;Suzanne Lewis,The Art of Matthew Paris in the Chronica Majora ,Berkeley:University of California Press,1987,pp.321-323;Evelyn Edson,Mapping Time and Space :How Medieval Mapmakers Viewed Their World ,London:The BritishLibrary,1997,pp.118-120.13世纪的英格兰本笃修士马修㊃帕里斯(Matthew Paris)是一位历史学家,其本职工作是为其所属的圣奥尔本斯修道院(St Albans Abbey)创作一部编年史,即为后人所熟知的‘大编年史“(Chronica Maiora )㊂除此之外,马修还是一名地图制作者,他先后绘制了4种包含伦敦至阿普利亚(Apulia)的路线图(以下简称 路线图 )以及巴勒斯坦区域地图㊁不列颠区域地图在内的行程地图(以下简称 行程地图 )㊂马修的这些地图 具有重要意义,这并不是因为它们所具有的时代影响力,而是因为它们的独创性,马修正在尝试他那个时代不为人知的制图理念,而且这些制图理念在当时还没有被普遍理解 ㊂①在马修生活的年代,体现基督教宗教理念的T -O 地图居于主导地位,势头正盛㊂与之相比,马修的地图在基本方向㊁实用性与精确性方面呈现出极大的创新性㊂从某种意义上来说,马修是一名早熟的制图者,其地图所呈现的先进制图理念一直处于领先地位,直到中世纪末期波特兰海图(portolan chart)的诞生㊂自吉尔森于1928年将马修绘制的4种不列颠地图制版刊行以来,学者对于这些不列颠地图以及与之密切相关的行程地图给予了广泛关注㊂研究者首先对于行程地图的创作者及创作时间进行初步探讨并普遍认可抄本古文字学家理查德㊃沃恩通过分析马修的字体得出的结论,即认为 这些行程地图均是圣奥尔本斯修道院修士马修及其后继者创作的 ㊂②马修不仅是一位出色的编年史家,还是一921四川大学学报(哲学社会科学版)总第250期位杰出的抄本缩微图画家,他在绘制抄本缩微图㊁地图㊁人物画像时擅长用稀释颜料对深色墨水勾勒的草图进行着色以制造一种水洗的效果,从而开创了一种 着色绘画 (tinted drawings)的风格㊂正因如此,在后来的艺术史中,这一类型的彩色绘画往往被称为 圣奥尔本斯流派 (School of St Albans)或 马修㊃帕里斯流派 (School of Matthew Paris)㊂有学者以绘画风格为标准对行程地图进行研究,也印证了沃恩的上述结论㊂①另外,行程地图的来源也从一个侧面佐证了上述观点 它们大都来自马修及其后继者所编纂的编年史抄本之中,部分来自圣奥尔本斯修道院官方文献汇编或者马修最好的合作伙伴兼衣钵继承人沃灵福德的约翰(John of Wallingford)的札记簿㊂②然而,在上述一致的观点之外,学者在很多问题上仍存疑问㊂例如,行程地图中包含的小单元,如路线图㊁不列颠区域地图㊁巴勒斯坦区域地图,是独立的存在,抑或是一个有机的整体?马修及其后继者绘制这些行程地图的意义何在?它们又反映了制图者的何种观念?早期研究者倾向于否认路线图㊁巴勒斯坦区域地图与不列颠地图之间的联系,认为它们只是因为抄本装帧而被偶然并置,彼此之间并无必然联系㊂例如,沃恩以及更早的研究者比兹利就持这种观点㊂③不仅如此,早期研究者还倾向于认为,行程地图与编年史插图具有同样的功能,是作者为了阐释㊁说明编年史文本而制作,目的是将编年史中提到的城市㊁城镇㊁河流㊁山脉等等风物具象化㊁空间化,从而帮助阅读者更好地理解编年史㊂持这一观点的主要有苏珊娜㊃刘易斯与伊芙琳㊃埃德森㊂④进入21世纪以来,研究者有了两类新发现㊂其一,学者逐渐认识到,路线图与区域地图并非编年史的附属物,编年史中所提及的很多地名如耶路撒冷㊁阿卡与开罗等,与地图上的地名并无一一对应关系㊂换言之,绘制地图并非为了向读者展示上述地名所在的位置,在很大程度上,路线图㊁区域地图与编年史是一种平行关系㊂⑤其二,学者通过进一步研究发现了路线图与区域地图之间的联系㊂例如,在阿普利亚地图的左上角,马修标记了如下文字: 此为通过阿普利亚去往阿克的路线㊂ 再如,在不列颠地图中也隐藏着伦敦与多佛之间的路线图,这在很大程度上可被视为路线图中的英格兰部分㊂再如,在西西里岛的最末端一个叫特拉帕尼(Trapes)的地方,马修标注道: 理查德伯爵从圣地返回时曾经过这里㊂ ⑥这些发现让绝大多数学者相信,路线图与区域地图之间存在联系,并构成一个有机的整体㊂以此为基础,学者开始构建这些路线图与区域地图的整体性意义㊂丹尼尔㊃康诺利提出了 想象的朝圣 的概念,认为路线图㊁巴勒斯坦地图与不列颠地图构成了一套完整的行程地图,从而为那些不能离开圣奥尔本斯修道院远行的修士打造了一次精神的朝圣之旅㊂康诺利还指出,这种行程地图与修道院回廊中所绘制的朝圣图有异曲同工之妙,但前者效果更佳,因为修士在阅读中自然会用手去翻动书叶,然后目光跟着路线图上下移动,口中默念着地图中的说明文字㊂到达阿普利亚所在叶面时,修士还可通过操作可折叠的侧翼,想象着后续的海上路线㊂如此一来,修士的手㊁眼㊁心㊁口等身体部位将会深度参与这一想象的朝圣之旅,从而在更大程度上营造出身临其境的031①②③④⑤⑥M.R.James, The Drawings of Matthew Paris, The Walpole Society ,vol.14(1925-1926),pp.1-26.有证据表明,沃灵福德的约翰曾对一幅从马修那里获得的不列颠地图增补了系列内容,参见Vaughan,Matthew Paris ,p.243;也有学者指出,Royal 抄本中的不列颠地图D 很有可能是马修的后继者为了呼应爱德华一世对苏格兰的领土主张而制作,参见Daniel K.Connolly, Copying Maps by Matthew Paris:Itinerary Fit for A King, in Palmira Brummett,ed.,The Book of Travels :Genre ,Ethnology ,and Pilgrimage ,1250-1700,Leiden:Brill,2009,pp.196-199.Vaughan,Matthew Paris ,p.247;C.R.Beazley,The Dawn of Modern Geography :A History of Exploration and Geographical Science from the Close of the Ninth to the Middle of the Thirteenth Century c .900-1260,vol.2,London:Henry Frowde,Amen Corner,1901,p.588.Lewis,The Art of Matthew Paris in the Chronica Majora ,pp.324-325;Edson,Mapping Time and Space ,pp.123-124.P.D.A.Harvey,Medieval Maps of the Holy Land ,London:The British Library,2012,pp.74-75.Katharine Breen, Returning Home from Jerusalem:Matthew Paris ̓s First Map of Britain in Its Manuscript Context, Representations ,vol.89,no.1(Winter 2005),pp.73,77.陈志坚:马修㊃帕里斯的行程地图与中世纪地图制作者世界观的转变2024年第1期氛围㊂①凯瑟琳㊃布林则更进一步,将往往被置于最后的不列颠区域地图理解为朝圣行程的返程部分,从而构建了一个更加完整的朝圣行程㊂②尽管在中世纪基督教制图观念占主导地位的大背景下,以精神朝圣的思路理解行程地图颇有阐释力,但仍无法完整地解释其中的一些元素,特别是相对于主流的基督教制图观念而言颇具创新性的部分,诸如:路线图以南为上,不列颠地图以北为上的朝向;路线图中精确标注里程的条状直线;对南意大利的关注程度远远胜过罗马;在巴勒斯坦地图中,对阿克城墙㊁城堡等军事防御设施描述的详细程度远远胜过耶路撒冷;4种不列颠区域地图自身存在的差异及流变等㊂近年来,有学者已意识到这些问题,并开始尝试在宗教观念之外的政治㊁历史语境中解读行程地图㊂如维多利亚㊃莫尔斯注意到地图的政治用途在13世纪的英国得到长足发展,并认为马修的路线图与区域地图在一定程度上展示了地图作为统治和知识象征的力量,或许正是在此意义上,西西里和阿克分别在南意大利与巴勒斯坦区域地图中被重点强调㊂③丹尼尔㊃伯克霍尔茨追溯了亨利三世与爱德华一世对地图的兴趣,并认为他们很有可能利用地图体现其对领土与权力的野心㊂④康诺利的最新研究表明,Royal 抄本中的不列颠地图D 实际上呼应了爱德华一世对苏格兰领土的主张㊂⑤由此可见,近年来学者的研究虽然开启了一个全新的研究路径,但相关研究成果或失之于简,仅是一个初步的判断;或无意做整体性探讨,仅涉及问题的一个方面㊂笔者拟以抄本古文字学(paleography)与古抄本学(codicology)方法考察马修绘制的行程地图,以期在梳理传统基督教制图观念的基础上揭示其全新的制图理念,并尝试评估金雀花王朝的政治诉求于此过程中所扮演的角色㊂一㊁马修㊃帕里斯其人及其行程地图马修㊃帕里斯,亦称巴黎人马修(Matthew the Parisian),出生于1200年左右,并于1217年进入圣奥尔本斯修道院成为一名本笃会修士㊂圣奥尔本斯修道院于公元793年由麦西亚国王奥法(Offa)捐资修建,到马修生活的年代,也已存在400余年㊂该修道院不仅具有悠久的历史,更以其撰史传统而闻名,这在很大程度上得益于其与王室的密切关系㊂1236年,马修继承了该修道院编年史家温多弗的罗杰(Roger of Wendover)的衣钵,就此开始了其撰史生涯㊂在马修领衔撰史期间,修道院与王室的关系变得更为密切㊂不仅国王亨利三世经常到访修道院,马修也经常被邀请参加宫廷重要活动㊂据记载,亨利三世曾于1244至1257年间先后8次到访修道院,每次都捐赠大量布帛㊁财物㊂1251年,亨利三世到访时送给修道院3块丝绸布料,并且还特意询问马修他已向修道院捐赠了多少块丝绸布料,以及修道院是否已遵照他的命令,在这些丝绸布料上都写上 英王亨利三世捐 字样㊂国王得到的答案是31块,而且没有其他国王捐过如此之多㊂不仅如此,马修还与亨利三世保持着良好的个人关系,常常出入宫廷,有资格与国王共桌就餐㊁亲密交谈,甚至可以当面向国王抱怨其遭遇的不公㊂另外,国王还是马修的赞助人,曾亲自委托他撰写‘忏悔者爱德华生平“一书㊂1247年,在威斯敏斯特大厅举行的一场盛大仪式上,亨利三世发现了马修,特地让他坐在自己身边,并要求他记录当日发生之事㊂随后,国王还邀请马修共进晚餐㊂1257年,马修在国王的宫廷里逗留了一周,在此131①②③④⑤Daniel K.Connolly, Imagined Pilgrimage in the Itinerary Maps of Matthew Paris, The Art Bulletin ,vol.81,no.4(1999),pp.598-599;Daniel K.Connolly,The Maps of Matthew Paris :Medieval Journeys through Space ,Time and Liturgy ,Woodbridge:The Boydell Press,2009,pp.1-2.Breen, Returning Home from Jerusalem, pp.63,87.Victoria Morse, The Role of Maps in Later Medieval Society:Twelfth to Fourteenth Century, in David Woodward,ed.,The History of Cartography ,vol .3,Cartography in the European Renaissance ,Part 1,Chicago:The University of Chicago Press,2007,pp.35,39,41-42.Daniel Birkholz,The King ̓s Two Maps :Cartography and Culture in Thirteenth-Century England ,New York &London:Routledge,2004,pp.12-13.Connolly, Copying Maps by Matthew Paris, pp.196-199.四川大学学报(哲学社会科学版)总第250期期间与国王形影不离,无论国王 在餐桌边,在宫殿里,还是在房间里 ,由此,他从国王那里获得了大量信息㊂①遵循着圣奥尔本斯修道院的撰史传统,并基于不断从宫廷中获得的第一手资料,马修写出了大量历史著作㊂在马修撰写的史著中,‘大编年史“与‘英吉利人史“(Historia Anglorum )最负盛名㊂从著述体例上讲,前者属于普遍史,涵盖自创世至1259年的世界历史,是马修在温多弗的罗杰所著编年史‘历史之花“(Flores Historiarum )的基础之上编纂而成的㊂后者则属于专门史,侧重讲述英吉利人的历史,其绝大部分史料来源于‘大编年史“,实际上是‘大编年史“中与英吉利人相关史料的汇编本㊂除此之外,马修后来还在‘英吉利人史“的基础上推出一个更加简略的版本,名为‘英吉利人史简编“(Abbreuiatio Compendiosa Chronicorum Anglie )㊂本文所涉及的行程地图便主要来自这几部著作的序章部分㊂但不幸的是,这些著作均未能以其原始的形制完整地流传下来,而是在不断被拆分㊁重组㊁装帧的过程中形成了新的抄本,并由不同的图书馆收藏㊂同样地,行程地图在此过程中亦难免被拆分㊁重组的命运,并最终以零散的状态分处于几个新抄本中㊂马修的‘大编年史“是一部三卷本史书,现分处于三个不同的抄本中㊂其第一卷涵盖自创世至1188年的历史,可见于剑桥大学基督圣体学院所藏引证号为Cambridge,Corpus Christi College,MS 026的抄本之中(以下简称MS 026抄本)㊂该抄本的序章部分涵盖一套相对完整的行程地图(以下简称行程地图1),包括自伦敦至南意大利阿普利亚的路线图以及巴勒斯坦区域地图,但缺少不列颠区域地图㊂②其第二卷涵盖自1189至1253年的历史,可见于剑桥大学基督圣体学院所藏引证号为Cambridge,Corpus Christi College,MS 016的抄本之中(以下简称MS 016抄本)㊂该抄本中的行程地图(以下简称行程地图2)包含不完整的自伦敦至南意大利阿普利亚的路线图㊁巴勒斯坦区域地图以及一幅不列颠区域地图(以下简称地图B)㊂③其中,路线图仅残留自蓬特雷莫利(Pontremoli)至南意大利阿普利亚的部分㊂不仅如此,所有这些地图在MS 016抄本中均以半叶的形式存在㊂④其第三卷涵盖1254至1259年的历史,可见于大英图书馆所藏引证号为Royal MS 14C.VII 的抄本中(以下简称Royal 抄本)㊂该抄本序章部分包含一套完整的行程地图(以下简称行程地图3),包括伦敦至南意大利阿普利亚的路线图㊁巴勒斯坦区域地图以及不列颠区域地图(以下简称地图D)㊂除了‘大编年史“第三卷,Royal 抄本中还包含马修的‘英吉利人史“㊂⑤二者在很大程度上共享抄本前面的序章部分㊂除此之外,在一部名为‘增补册“(Liber Additamentorum )的圣奥尔本斯修道院自用文献中,还存有一套不完整的行程地图(以下简称行程地图4),它仅包含自伦敦至那不勒斯的路线图,可见于大英图书馆藏引证号为Cotton MS Nero D.I 的抄本(以下简称Nero 抄本)㊂⑥行程地图4虽然在风格上与行程地图1㊁2㊁3类似,但在形式和内容方面均相对简略,没有采用常规的一叶两栏形制,而是一叶三栏且忽略所有支线行程,仅绘制主线行程,很有可能是马修在正式绘制行程地图1㊁2㊁3之前的构思草图,后来作为备用资料被收录进修道院自用文献‘增补册“中,与修道院创始人‘奥法生平“(Vitae duorum Offarum )㊁‘历任修道院长生平“(Gesta Abbatum )等文献并列㊂不仅如此,马231①②③④⑤⑥David Carpenter,Henry III :The Rise to Power and Personal Rule ,1207-1258,New Haven and London:Yale University Press,2020,pp.171,454,521,541,551,615,715,521,399,403.Cambridge,Corpus Christi College,MS 026,fols.ir -ivv.1928年,吉尔森(J.P.Gilson)汇集了马修绘制的与其行程地图相关的4张不列颠地图,并将其制成彩色图版出版㊂在该书中,吉尔森将4张地图简称为:地图A㊁地图B㊁地图C㊁地图D,笔者在本文中沿用这一约定俗成的简称㊂参见J.P.Gilson,ed.,Four Maps of Great Britain Designed by Matthew Paris about A.D.1250,Produced from Three Manuscripts in the British Museum and One at Corpus Christi College ,Cambridge ,London:Printed by Order of the Trustees,Sold at the British Museum and by Bernard Quaritch,Ltd,1928,p.3.2003年,基督圣体学院图书馆又对MS 016号抄本进行了重新装帧㊂此时,该抄本又被分为上下两册,抄本前面的序章部分单独装订成册,并被命名为MS 016I,后面的正文部分单独成册,并被命名为MS 016II㊂正文中所述行程地图㊁巴勒斯坦区域地图及不列颠地图部分,参见Cambridge,Corpus Christi College,MS 016I,fols.iiir -ivv.Royal MS 14C.VII,fols.157r -231r,2r -5v,8v -156v,British Library,London.Cotton MS Nero D.I,fols.183v -184r,British Library,London.陈志坚:马修㊃帕里斯的行程地图与中世纪地图制作者世界观的转变2024年第1期修绘制的另外两种不列颠地图明显也与行程地图密切相关,但由于种种原因已被单独装订在其他抄本中:其一,在马修以其‘英吉利人史“为基础缩编而成的‘英吉利人史简编“的序章部分,存在一幅马修绘制的不列颠地图(以下简称地图A),可见于大英图书馆所藏引证号为Cotton MS Claudius D.VI 的抄本中(以下简称Claudius 抄本)㊂①该地图与布鲁图斯(Brutus)至亨利三世的系列国王画像,以及自阿尔弗雷德大帝至亨利三世国王世系图等重要文件并列,共同构成抄本的序章部分;其二,在马修后继者沃灵福德的约翰曾拥有的一本札记簿中,亦存在一幅不列颠地图(以下简称地图C),可见于大英图书馆所藏引证号为Cotton MS Julius D.VII 的抄本中(以下简称Julius 抄本)㊂②该地图明显是由马修绘制,但从其所用色彩及内容看,仍属于较为初级的草图㊂沃灵福德的约翰肯定是从某种途径获得了这张地图并对其进行了一系列改造,包括继续在地图上标注地名,以及在地图背面空白处书写文字㊂最后,他还将该地图两次折叠后与其札记簿装帧在一起㊂该札记簿的核心内容是沃灵福德的约翰摘抄的系列编年史史料,主要摘自马修的‘大编年史“,在一定程度上反映了他向马修学习撰写编年史的实践㊂③二㊁世界之布:中世纪基督教主流制图观念中世纪的地图一般被称作 Mappamundi ㊂其中, mappa 一词在中世纪拉丁语中意为 桌布 或 餐巾 ,可意译为 地图 ;④而 mundi 则是 mundus 一词的拉丁文属格单数形式,意思是 世界的 (of the world)㊂如此一来,具有 世界地图 之意的 Mappamundi 一词其实可直译为 世界之布 ㊂这个词语在古典时代晚期的拉丁语中从来没有被使用过,彼时用来描述地图的词汇一般是 forma (图形)㊁ figura (图像)㊁ orbispictus (区域图)或者 orbisterrarumdescriptio (区域地理描述)㊂尽管在中世纪,世界之布的称谓是最常见的,但在谈及地图时,人们亦有一些其他的表达形式,如 inmaginesmundi (世界的图像)㊁ pictura (图像)㊁ descriptio (描述)㊁ tabula (图表),甚或赫里福德地图中使用的 estoire (历史)㊂⑤但在上述词汇中, 世界之布 词义最为稳定,自8世纪至中世纪末期一直被用来指代以基督教观念描绘世界的图像或文字㊂迄今为止,计有1100余幅这样的地图幸存了下来,其中大部分可见于中世纪的抄本之中,也有独立存在且尺寸相当大的地图,很可能是作为教堂或修道院的挂图使用,例如外形类似房屋山墙的赫里福德地图(Hereford Map),其最长㊁最宽处分别是1.59米和1.34米,是现存最大的 世界之布 ㊂⑥虽名为地图,但 世界之布 并不像今天的地图一样客观地反映空间的比例与尺寸,亦不能为人们出行提供精确的信息,而是一种集合了时间㊁空间㊁事件㊁概念㊁色彩㊁文本㊁意象等元素的复杂集合体,集中反映了基督教有关 神学㊁宇宙学㊁哲学㊁政治学㊁历史学㊁动物学㊁人种学 等知识的理念,是基督教徒眼中的世界形象㊂⑦一般而言,这些地图具有以下特点:它们不仅比例严重失调,以东为上,还呈现出T -O 的特殊形态;整个版面不仅充斥着自创世之日至末日审判的所有重要的圣经事件,还杂以各式各样的奇幻动物和恐怖种族;作为圣地的耶路撒冷一般被安放在地图中心位置,而末日审判的意象则往往被置于地图顶端,这表明 顶部 (新耶路撒冷)而非 中心 (地331①②③④⑤⑥⑦Cotton MS Claudius D.VI,f.12v,British Library,London.Cotton MS Julius D.VII,fols.50v -53r,British Library,London.Vaughan,Matthew Paris ,p.243.Jerry Brotton,A History of the World in Twelve Maps ,New York:Viking Penguin,2013,pp.94-95.David Woodward, Medieval Mappaemundi, in J.B.Harley and David Woodward,eds.,The History of Cartography ,vol .1:Cartography in Prehistoric ,Ancient ,and Medieval Europe and the Mediterranean ,Chicago:University of Chicago Press,1987,p.287.The Hereford Mappa Mundi Trustee Company Ltd,Hereford.Brotton,A History of the World in Twelve Maps ,p.95.四川大学学报(哲学社会科学版)总第250期上耶路撒冷)才是中世纪朝圣者最终的目的地,也是手持 世界之布 的信徒目光最终驻留的地方;①世界之布不仅是空间的展开,还涉及时间,在地图上自东向西(自上而下)包含着一个从创世到救赎的完整叙事;世界之布虽以基督教神学世界观为核心,但也包含一定程度的古典知识,这是早期教父与古典天文㊁自然㊁地理知识成就达成妥协的结果㊂由此,在以下部分笔者将以T -O 形态㊁以东为上㊁中心与朝圣㊁象征主义意象㊁ 历史 叙事㊁奇幻动物与恐怖种族为重点,以赫里福德地图㊁埃布斯托地图(The Ebstorf Map)㊁②诗篇地图(The Psalter Map)㊁③梭利地图(The Sawley Map)④等中世纪地图为主要案例,撮述 世界之布 的典型特征㊂其一,T -O 形态㊂T -O 形态地图是中世纪最为经典的地图样式,其整体外观呈圆形,看起来像一个巨大的字母O,由此标识出地图的边界,其外围环绕着海洋㊂圆形内部的三大水系整体上呈现为一个巨大的大写字母T 形态,从而将圆形大陆分成三大块㊂T 字母横笔画左侧㊁右侧及竖笔画部分分别代表顿河㊁尼罗河和地中海㊂⑤在由字母O 与T 建构的空间之中,上方的半圆是亚洲,下方位于T 字母竖笔画左右两边的区域则是欧洲和非洲,这三大洲又分别代表诺亚(Noah)的三个儿子闪(Shem)㊁雅弗(Japheth)㊁含(Ham)及其后代最初定居的区域㊂⑥实际上,T -O 地图本身亦是古典文化与中世纪基督教观念相互妥协的产物㊂在古典晚期向中世纪过渡的关键期,部分早期教父如德尔图良(Tertullian)㊁圣西普里安(St Cyprian)和圣安布罗斯(St Ambrose)等都极端敌视古代的学术成就,而与此同时也有一部分早期教父如奥古斯丁(St Augustine)㊁圣哲罗姆(St Jerome)以及圣伊西多尔(Isidore of Seville)等则主张吸收与借鉴古典学术成就㊂例如奥古斯丁就认为, 如果缺乏对天㊁地㊁世界等要素的相关知识,我们就无法更好地理解圣经 ,他还声称, 为了更好地理解神的造物,在研习圣经的时间和历史时,也须了解空间与地理 ㊂圣哲罗姆遵从奥古斯丁的建议,在翻译圣经之余还撰写了一部名为‘地点之书“(Liber locorum )的著作,并在书中给出了巴勒斯坦和亚洲的区域地图㊂⑦圣伊西多尔则在借鉴古典历史学家萨卢斯特(Sallustius)关于三大洲的相关记载的基础上,首次提出了T -O 地图的构想,其著作‘论事物的本质“(De natura rerum )与‘关于词源学的二十卷书“(Etymologiarum sive originum libri XX )被认为是最早包含T -O 地图意象的作品㊂⑧因早期的T -O 地图在本质上只是一种简要的示意图,仅标注三大洲名称或诺亚三个儿子的名字,很少有其他地名,所以其在T -O 地图的整体分类法中也常常被称作是概要性三部分T -O 地图(Schematic Tripartite)㊂8至11世纪,T -O 地图继续吸收来自马克罗比乌斯(Macrobius)和奥罗修斯(Orosius)等古典学者作品中的知识,发展出了非概要性三部分T -O 地图(Nonschematic Tripartite)㊂这一新子类虽仍将有人居住的大陆分成三部分,但并不严格按照T -O 模式绘制,而是按照各部分的历史及其起源进一步细化与划分各自的区域㊂它们通常强调地中海,并倾向于将海岸线绘制成参差不齐的效果㊂⑨总之,T -O 地图是古典知识与中世纪基督教世界观不断融合的结果,早期教父吸收了古典时代学者将有人居住的世界分成三部分的描述,并将其与创世纪中的世界起源观念结合起来,奠定了中世431①②③④⑤⑥⑦⑧⑨包慧怡:‘感官地图上的灵魂朝圣之旅 中古英语长诗 珍珠⓪的空间结构“,‘外国文学评论“2007年第2期㊂Kloster Ebstorf,Ebstorf,Germandy (destroyed in 1943,20th replica).Additional MS 28681,f.9r,British Library,London.有时亦称 美茵茨的亨利地图 (Henry of Map),参见Cambridge,Corpus Chisti College,MS 66,p.2.Catherine Delano-Smith, The Intelligent Pilgrim:Maps and Medieval Pilgrimage to the Holy Land, in Rosamund Allen,ed.,Eastward Bound :Travel and Travellers ,1050-1550,Manchester:Manchester University Press,2004,pp.110-111;Brotton,A History of the World in Twelve Maps ,p.105.Saint Bede,On Genesis ,trans.Calvin B.Kendall,Liverpool:Liverpool University Press,2008,p.24;Naomi Reed Kline,Maps of Medieval Thought :The Hereford Paradigm ,Woodbridge:Boydell Press,2003,p.13.Brotton,A History of the World in Twelve Maps ,pp.102-103.Burgerbibliothek,cod.417,f.88v,Bern;Kline,Maps of Medieval Thought ,p.13.Woodward, Medieval Mappaemundi, in Harley and Woodward,eds.,The History of Cartography ,vol .1,pp.343,347.。

以羊替牛读后感100字英文回答：Reflection on the Novel "The Lambs Go to Market"Margaret Laurence's masterpiece, "The Lambs Go to Market," is a powerful and moving novel that explores the complexities of identity, loss, and the search for meaningin a rapidly changing world. Set in the fictional town of Manawaka, Manitoba, the novel follows the lives of three generations of women: Ella, Constance, and Stacey MacAindra. Through their experiences, Laurence illuminates thestruggles faced by women in a patriarchal society, the tension between tradition and modernity, and the lasting impact of trauma.Laurence's writing is both lyrical and incisive, capturing the nuances of human emotion and the complexities of the human condition. Her characters are deeply flawedand relatable, their triumphs and failures reflecting thechallenges of navigating life in a world that is often unkind and unforgiving. The novel's themes resonate with readers on a profound level, offering insights into the human psyche and the search for meaning in an often chaotic and unpredictable world.The title of the novel, "The Lambs Go to Market," is evocative and symbolic, hinting at the innocence and vulnerability of young women as they enter adulthood. It also suggests the commodification of women in a societythat values them primarily for their reproductive potential and domestic skills. Through the experiences of Ella, Constance, and Stacey, Laurence explores the ways in which women are objectified and marginalized, even within their own families.One of the most striking aspects of the novel is its portrayal of the generational trauma experienced by the MacAindra women. Ella's childhood is marked by violence and abuse, which leaves a lasting scar on her psyche. As a result, she is unable to form healthy relationships and struggles to find her place in the world. Constance, Ella'sdaughter, is haunted by her mother's experiences and grapples with her own feelings of inadequacy and self-doubt. Stacey, Constance's daughter, is more resilient than her mother and grandmother, but she is still affected by the legacy of trauma that has been passed down through her family.Laurence masterfully weaves together the personal andthe political, exploring the ways in which history, culture, and society shape individual lives. The novel is atestament to the resilience of women and their ability to overcome adversity. It is also a powerful indictment of a society that often fails to protect and support its most vulnerable members.In conclusion, "The Lambs Go to Market" is a brilliant and unforgettable novel that deserves a place among the classics of Canadian literature. Laurence's writing is both beautiful and thought-provoking, her characters are complex and relatable, and her themes are timeless and universal. The novel is a must-read for anyone interested in exploring the complexities of human nature, the search for meaning,and the impact of history and culture on our lives.中文回答：读《羔羊去市场》有感。

小学上册英语第1单元期末试卷英语试题一、综合题(本题有100小题，每小题1分，共100分.每小题不选、错误，均不给分)1.What do you do with a book?A. EatB. ReadC. WriteD. SingB2. A _______ can help you feel connected to nature.3.Many plants have adapted to survive in ______ climates. (许多植物已适应在极端气候中生存。

)4.What is the term for a scientist who studies the stars?A. BiologistB. ChemistC. AstronomerD. GeologistC5.The _____ (根茎) store food for the plant.6.What do we call the act of reading a book aloud?A. RecitingB. NarratingC. SpeakingD. ReadingD7. A _____ is a natural satellite that orbits a planet.8.s built _______ in what is now Mexico City. (城市) The Azte9.The jackrabbit can run very ______ (快).10.ts can grow in ______ (阴凉) places. Some pla11.She sings _____ (well/badly).12._____ (plants) need sunlight to photosynthesize.13.She is ___ (running/jumping) in the field.14.The ________ (公共设施) support community needs.15.The sun is setting in the ___. (west)16.The ferret is curious and loves to _________ (探索).17.My favorite fruit is _______ (橘子).18.What do you call the sound a cow makes?A. MeowB. BarkC. MooD. Quack19.I like to watch cartoons about my favorite ________ (玩具名称).20. A mixture that can be separated by physical methods is called a ______.21.The ______ (蛇) slithers quietly through the grass.22. Rights Movement aimed to end ________ (种族歧视). The Civi23.The _____ (相互关系) between plants and animals is vital.24.I love to plant _____ in my garden.25._____ (沙漠) plants have adapted to survive with little water.26.The ice cream cone is ______ (tasty) and sweet.27.I have a toy _______ that can roll over.28.What is the opposite of hot?A. ColdB. WarmC. DryD. Wet29.The dog is ________ outside.30.The _______ (猫) climbs the tree.31.What do we call the art of storytelling through pictures?A. PhotographyB. PaintingC. IllustrationD. AnimationC32.What do we call a person who repairs cars?A. MechanicB. ElectricianC. PlumberD. CarpenterA33.The ______ (气味) of flowers is delightful.34. A _____ (种植计划) helps organize garden activities.35. A base can neutralize an _______.36.What is the capital of Vietnam?A. HanoiB. Ho Chi Minh CityC. Da NangD. Nha Trang37.__________ (氧化) is a reaction that involves the loss of electrons.38.I have a toy _____ that can dance.39.The _____ (植物历史传承) preserves knowledge across generations.40.The symbol for yttrium is _____.41.My father _______ (工作) at a bank.42.The golden retriever loves to _________ (游泳).43.What do you call the sound made by a cat?A. BarkB. MeowC. RoarD. QuackB Meow44.The wind is _____ (strong/weak).45.What do you call the time when the sun goes down?A. MorningB. NoonC. EveningD. NightC46.What is the capital city of the United Arab Emirates?A. Abu DhabiB. DubaiC. SharjahD. AjmanA47.The ______ (阳光照射) plays a role in photosynthesis.48. A crystalline solid has a regular _______ structure.49.What do we call a period of one hundred years?A. CenturyB. DecadeC. MillenniumD. Generation50.What do we call a person who studies the weather?A. ClimatologistB. MeteorologistC. EnvironmentalistD. Geologist51. A __________ can be found in many different habitats around the world.52.What do we call a story told in song?A. PoemB. BalladC. NovelD. Essay53.The antelope runs very ________________ (快).54. A thermometer measures ______ temperature.55.The dress is very ___. (expensive)56.The stars twinkle in the ______ (night) sky.57.I like to watch ______ (cartoons) on weekends.58.I enjoy _____ (reading/writing) stories.59.The __________ is a major desert in Australia. (大沙漠)60.What is the name of the famous magician known for his escape acts?A. HoudiniB. CopperfieldC. BlaineD. Penn and TellerA61.The dog barks at the _______ (狗对_______叫).62.I like to share my toy ________ (玩具名称) with my neighbors.63.How many inches are in a foot?A. 10B. 12C. 15D. 18B64.The ______ (树木) provide oxygen for us.65. A solution is _____ (homogeneous) because it has a uniform composition.66.What do we call a sweet dessert made from cake and frosting?A. CupcakeB. Layer CakeC. CheesecakeD. All of the above67.He is an _____ (企业家) inspiring others to innovate.68.What is the name of the imaginary line around the middle of the Earth?A. EquatorB. Prime MeridianC. Tropic of CancerD. Tropic of Capricorn69.Photosynthesis converts sunlight into ______ energy.70.The weather is very ___ (nice/stormy) today.71.We have a ______ (大) family reunion every year.72.I built a _____ (模型) of a spaceship.73.What is the capital city of Egypt?A. CairoB. AlexandriaC. LuxorD. Giza74.I like to play outside with my _______ (我喜欢和我的_______在外面玩).75.We will have a ___. (picnic) tomorrow.76.The ______ (树叶) change color in fall.77.My family has a ________ in the backyard.78.__________ (分子生物学) investigates the chemical foundations of biology.79.What is the capital city of Fiji?A. SuvaB. NadiC. LautokaD. LabasaA80.This ________ (玩具) is full of possibilities.81.My mom makes _____ for lunch. (sandwiches)82.The ancient Egyptians practiced _______ to preserve bodies.83.He loves to _______ (爬山) on weekends.84.t brothers are credited with inventing the first __________. (飞机) The Wrig85.What do we call the main character in a story?A. ProtagonistB. AntagonistC. HeroD. VillainA86. A ___ (小蜗牛) moves slowly across the garden.87.The Earth's rotation affects the movement of ______ currents in the ocean.88.I like to climb trees and look at _______ (我喜欢爬树，看_______).89.My brother rides a ___ (bike).90.What is the name of the phenomenon where light waves are stretched as an object moves away from us?A. Doppler EffectB. RedshiftC. BlueshiftD. Gravitational Lensing91.The Rockies are a well-known _______ range.92.The puppy is ______ in the yard. (playing)93.The country known for its friendly people is ________ (新西兰).94.An organic compound contains ______.95.The __________ is a famous city known for its historical sites. (耶路撒冷)96.The Great Wall of China was built to:A. Keep out animalsB. Protect against invasionsC. Mark boundariesD. Serve as a roadB97.The _____ is known for its spiral shape.98.What do we call the study of the interactions between organisms and their environment?A. EcologyB. BiologyC. BotanyD. ZoologyA99.My dad is a great __________ (领导者).100. A turtle can breathe through its ______ (鼻子).。

黄金年代英文作文The golden age was a time of freedom and rebellion. People were breaking free from the constraints of society and exploring new ideas and lifestyles. It was a time of creativity and self-expression, when art, music, and fashion flourished. The golden age was a time of optimism and hope, when anything seemed possible.The golden age was also a time of social change. Movements for civil rights, women's rights, and LGBTQ+ rights gained momentum, challenging the status quo and pushing for a more inclusive and equal society. It was a time of protest and activism, when people stood up for what they believed in and fought for a better world.The golden age was a time of innovation and progress. Technology was advancing at a rapid pace, transforming the way people lived and worked. The space race captured the world's imagination, and the first moon landing was a symbol of human achievement and exploration.The golden age was a time of cultural revolution. The Beatles, the Rolling Stones, and other iconic bands revolutionized music, while filmmakers like Stanley Kubrick and Francis Ford Coppola pushed the boundaries of cinema.It was a time of experimentation and boundary-pushing, when artists and creators were unafraid to take risks and challenge conventions.The golden age was a time of community and connection. People came together to celebrate shared values and experiences, whether it was at Woodstock, the Stonewall riots, or the civil rights marches. It was a time of solidarity and unity, when people felt empowered to make a difference and create change.The golden age was a time of excess and indulgence. It was an era of hedonism and pleasure-seeking, when people embraced a "live fast, die young" mentality. It was a time of wild parties, drug experimentation, and uninhibitedself-expression.The golden age was a time of disillusionment and decline. As the decade drew to a close, the optimism of the early years gave way to a sense of disillusionment and unrest. The Vietnam War, political scandals, and economic instability took their toll, and the golden age came to an end.。

Cartoons have been an integral part of my childhood,providing endless entertainment and often imparting valuable life lessons.Among the myriad of animated series and films Ive enjoyed,there are a few that stand out as my favorites.The Magic of Disney:Disney cartoons have a special place in my heart.The enchanting stories,vibrant characters,and the magical worlds they inhabit have always captivated me.From the classic Cinderella teaching the importance of kindness and patience,to the adventurous tales of The Lion King emphasizing the circle of life and the responsibility of leadership,Disney cartoons have a timeless appeal.The Creativity of Anime:Japanese anime has introduced me to a whole new world of storytelling.The depth of characters and the intricate plots are unmatched.Spirited Away by Studio Ghibli is a prime example,with its rich narrative and stunning animation.Its not just about the visual spectacle anime often delves into complex themes such as identity,existentialism,and the human condition.The Humor of The Simpsons:As I grew older,my taste in cartoons evolved to include more satirical and humorous content.The Simpsons is a classic in this genre,using humor to comment on society,politics,and family dynamics.The shows clever writing and enduring characters have made it a staple in my cartoon viewing.The Educational Value of Peppa Pig:Although it might seem unusual for someone my age to mention,Peppa Pig holds a special place in my heart for its educational content. The simple yet effective storytelling teaches young viewers about friendship, problemsolving,and the joy of everyday life.The Artistry of Avatar:The Last Airbender:This series is a masterpiece of animation, blending Eastern and Western storytelling techniques.Its not just a cartoon its a comingofage story that deals with heavy themes such as war,genocide,and the search for inner peace.The detailed worldbuilding and character development make it a favorite among both children and adults.The Nostalgia of Classic Cartoons:Lastly,theres something about classic cartoons like Tom and Jerry or Looney Tunes that brings back a sense of nostalgia.The slapstick humor and the simplicity of the animation are comforting and a reminder of a time when life seemed simpler.In conclusion,cartoons are more than just a form of entertainment they are a medium for storytelling that can be both profound and lighthearted.My favorites have left a lasting impression on me,shaping my tastes and providing me with countless hours of joy.Whether its the magic of Disney,the creativity of anime,the humor of The Simpsons,the educational value of Peppa Pig,the artistry of Avatar:The Last Airbender,or the nostalgia of classic cartoons,each has its unique charm that continues to draw me in.。