2.1 The Development and Application of Computer

英语作文-集成电路设计的发展趋势与应用领域解析The Development Trends and Application Fields Analysis of Integrated Circuit Design。

Integrated circuit (IC) design has been experiencing rapid evolution, driven by technological advancements and the increasing demand for high-performance electronic devices across various industries. This article explores the current trends in IC design development and its applications.Firstly, the miniaturization of electronic components has been a significant trend in IC design. With the continuous advancement of semiconductor manufacturing processes, the size of transistors and other components on ICs has been shrinking, leading to the development of smaller and more power-efficient chips. This trend enables the integration of complex functionalities into a single chip, contributing to the development of compact and portable electronic devices such as smartphones, tablets, and wearable gadgets.Moreover, the growing demand for high-speed data processing and transmission has led to the emergence of advanced IC design techniques. For instance, the adoption of advanced packaging technologies such as system-on-chip (SoC) and system-in-package (SiP) allows for the integration of multiple functions and subsystems onto a single chip or package. This integration enhances the overall performance and efficiency of electronic systems, making them suitable for applications in telecommunications, networking, and data centers.Additionally, the increasing focus on energy efficiency and environmental sustainability has influenced IC design trends. Designers are incorporating power-saving features and optimizing circuit architectures to reduce energy consumption and heat dissipation in electronic devices. This trend is particularly important in the developmentof battery-powered devices and energy-efficient systems for IoT (Internet of Things) applications, where extended battery life and minimal environmental impact are critical considerations.Furthermore, the rise of artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) technologies has reshaped the landscape of IC design. There is a growing demand for specialized ICs optimized for AI/ML workloads, such as neural network accelerators and inference engines. These specialized chips enable faster and more efficient execution of AI algorithms, facilitating the deployment of intelligent systems in various domains, including autonomous vehicles, robotics, healthcare, and cybersecurity.In conclusion, the field of integrated circuit design is experiencing continuous innovation and evolution, driven by advancements in technology and changing market demands. The trends discussed above highlight the ongoing efforts to develop smaller, faster, and more energy-efficient ICs for a wide range of applications. As technology continues to advance, we can expect further breakthroughs in IC design, enabling new capabilities and functionalities in electronic devices and systems.。

计算机专业的英语Computer Science is a field of study that encompasses the theory, design, development, and application of computers and computer systems. It is one of the most rapidly evolving and in-demand fields in today's technology-driven world.There are various sub-disciplines within the computer science field, including computer programming, software engineering, artificial intelligence, data science, computer networking, and computer graphics. Each sub-discipline has its own unique set of skills and focuses on different aspects of computer systems.One of the fundamental aspects of computer science is computer programming. It involves writing, testing, and maintaining the source code of computer programs. Programming languages such as C++, Java, Python, and Ruby are commonly used by computer programmers. These languages enable programmers to instruct computers to perform specific tasks or solve problems.Software engineering is another important branch of computer science. It involves the development and maintenance of software systems. Software engineers utilize various methodologies and tools to design, test, and deploy software applications. They also ensure that software systems are scalable, reliable, and efficient.Artificial intelligence (AI) is a rapidly growing field within computer science. It focuses on creating intelligent machines that can perform tasks that would typically require human intelligence. AI algorithms and technologies are used in areas such as speech recognition, natural language processing, computer vision, and robotics.Data science is a multidisciplinary field that combines computer science with statistics and mathematics. It focuses on extracting valuable insights from large and complex datasets. Data scientists analyze and interpret data to solve real-world problems, make informed business decisions, and develop predictive models.Computer networking is another important aspect of computer science. It involves the design, implementation, and management of computer-based communication systems. Networking professionals ensure that data is transmitted securely and efficiently between computers and other devices. They also troubleshoot network issues and optimize network performance.Computer graphics is the field of computer science that deals with the creation and manipulation of visual content. It encompasses areas such as 3D modeling, animation, virtual reality, and computer-generated imagery. Computer graphics are applied in various industries, including entertainment, gaming, architecture, and advertising.In conclusion, computer science is a vast and diverse field that offers numerous career opportunities. From computer programming and software engineering to artificial intelligence and data science, the possibilities are endless. With the rapid advancement of technology, computer science professionals are expected to continue playing a crucial role in shaping the future of our digital world.。

Western Europe, and to a lesser extent in other parts of the world.在过去的几十年里，尤其是在西欧，其次是在世界其他地方，斜拉桥都得到了广泛的应用。

2The renewal of the cable-stayed system in modern bridge engineering was due to the tendency of bridge engineers in Europe, primarily Germany, to obtain optimum structural performance from material which was in short supply during the post-war years.斜拉体系在现代桥梁工程的复兴是由于在战后材料短缺的条件下，西欧，（主要是德国）的桥梁工程师为了能从材料获得最适宜的结构性能这种倾向(引起的)。

3Cable-stayed bridges are constructed along a structural system which comprises an orthotropic deck and continuous girders which are supported by stays, i.e. inclined cables passing over or attached to towers located at the main piers.斜拉桥是按如下结构体系建造的，它包括正交各向异性桥面板和由通过位于主墩上的索塔顶部或固定于索塔顶部的倾斜缆索支承的连续梁组成。

4The idea of using cables to support bridge spans is by no means new, and a number of examples of this type of construction were recorded a long time ago利用缆索来支撑桥跨绝不是什么新思路，在很久以前就有过许多这种形式的建筑见诸报道。

英文作文科技创新的作用带中文翻译The role of technological innovation in Chinese society has become increasingly prominent. Nowadays, technology has become an important driving force for social progress and economic development. This essay will explore the role of technological innovation in Chinese society and analyze its impact on various sectors such as the economy, education, healthcare, and the environment.Firstly, technological innovation plays a crucial role in economic development. By introducing new technologies and innovative products, technological innovation not only improves production efficiency and reduces costs but also enhances product quality and market competitiveness. The booming development of China's internet and e-commerce industries is a typical example of the effects of technological innovation. These innovations not only drive changes in consumer shopping habits but also provide more business opportunities and room for growth for enterprises.Secondly, technological innovation is playing an important role in the field of education. With the rapid development of information technology, modern education isgradually shifting towards digitization and online learning. Through the application of technological innovation, students can access abundant educational resources through the internet. Meanwhile, teaching methods have become more flexible and personalized. The rise of online education platforms provides convenient learning pathways for a large number of students and also enables more equitable distribution of educational resources.Furthermore, the impact of technological innovation on the healthcare sector cannot be ignored. The introduction of new medical devices and technologies makes diagnosis, treatment, and care processes more efficient and accurate. For example, the application of artificial intelligence in medical imaging diagnosis not only improves diagnostic accuracy but also contributes to the detection and treatment of diseases at an early stage. In addition, the development of mobile healthcare technology and remote medical systems allows better distribution of medical resources to rural and remote areas, improving the overall level of healthcare accessibility for the population.Lastly, technological innovation also plays a positive role in environmental protection. By promoting the development and application of renewable energy technologies, technological innovation has the potential to reduce reliance on traditional energy sources, lower energy consumption, and carbon emissions. At the same time, technological innovation also enhances the capacity for environmental monitoring and pollution control, making significant contributions to environmental protection and sustainable development.In conclusion, technological innovation plays an indispensable role in Chinese society. By driving economic development, improving education, enhancing healthcare, and protecting the environment, technological innovation has brought about tremendous changes and opportunities to China. It is essential to continue supporting and investing in technological innovation to achieve a more innovative, inclusive, and sustainable social development.中文翻译为：科技创新的作用在中国社会中的重要性日益凸显。

（1）Precast piles must be reinforced for local stresses during lifting and driving and must be cured to full strength before use. Development of prestressed-concrete piles, some with the prestressed rods removable after the piles has been driven improves economical possibilities for precast piles, since the cost of reinforcing is at least half the total cost of a precast piles before driving.在吊起和打入预制混凝土桩期间，必须加固预制混凝土桩的局部应力。

在使用预制混凝土桩之前，必须对其养护到全部强度。

预应力混凝土桩的发展，某些预应力混凝土桩在打入之后可将预应力钢筋拔出，增加了预应力混凝土桩的经济性，因为钢筋的费用至少是在预制桩打入之前的整桩造价的一半。

premolded cavities in the soil. The cavity for a pile can be formed by removal of the soil or by forcing the volume displaced intosoil cavity can be made by auger or casing carried to a desired depth and filled with concrete. Volume displacement is accomplished by driving a thin, metal, closed-end shell stiffened with a retractable mandrel or a heavier cylindrical metal shell, which is retracted as the concrete filling is installed.现浇混凝土桩有许多类型，这种桩是将混凝土注入预先成孔的土中。

毕业设计（论文）外文参考资料及译文译文题目： development and application of combinedmachine tool组合机床的发展与应用学生姓名：王斑学号： 1021108014专业： M10机械设计制造及其自动化所在学院：机电工程学院指导教师：赵海霞职称：教师2014年 2 月 25 日Development and application of combined machine tool The aggregate machine-tool is take the general part as a foundation, matches by presses the work piece specific shape and the processing technological design special-purpose part and the jig, the composition semiautomatic or the automatic special purpose machine. The aggregate machine-tool selects the method which generally multiple spindle, the multi-knives, the multi-working procedures, many or the multi-locations simultaneously process, production efficiency ratio general engine bed high several times to several dozens times. Because the general part already the standardization and the seriation, might according to need to dispose nimbly, could reduce the design and the manufacturing cycle. The multi-axle-boxes are aggregate machine-tool's core parts. It selects the common parts, carries on the design according to the special-purpose request, in the aggregate machine-tool design's process, is one of work load big parts. It is acts according to the work piece processing hole quantity which and the position the working procedure chart and the processing schematic drawing determined, the cutting specifications and the main axle type design transmission various main axles movement power unit. Its power from the general power box, installs together with the power box in to feed sliding table, may complete drills, twists and so on working processes. To meet the combination of CNC machine tools of development, it is a component of the NC machine tool NC module. Portfolio machine is modular combination of CNC machine tools brought about by the inevitable result is the combination of CNC machine tools necessary foundation, NC module so greatly enriched the portfolio of generic pieces of machine tools, it will cause combination of General Machine Type of a fundamental change. NC module, according to their coordinates NC (axis) of mainly single coordinates, dual coordinate and coordinate. Its spindle number, single and multi-axis module, there are single and multi-axis composite processing module.NC module development, there are mainly two kinds of ways: First, the existing combination of machine tools should be relatively common items, the NC General of the design. At present there is also domestic NC is developing one-dimensional slider, NC two-dimensional (Cross) Waterloo Taiwan, the NC rotary table, all this is the way the NC is based on the characteristics of the development of NC The unique combination of machine tool parts, such as automatic replacement of multi-axis spindle box, the NCrotary knife, NC for the manipulator, NC for me, such as mechanical hand. The past 10 years, machine tools and automatic line group in the highly efficient, high productivity, flexibility and the use of parallel (synchronous) works develop more reasonable and more savings in the programme has made a lot of progress. In particular the automobile industry, in order to improve the performance of motor vehicles, precision machining of components made a number of new demands, so the machine performance requirements are also higher.In recent years, with numerical control technology, electronics technology, computer technology, such as the development of machine tools combination of mechanical structure and control system has also undergone a tremendous change. With the combination of machine tools of development: 1. NC. A combination of CNC machine tools, not only a complete change from the previous relay circuit composed of a combination of machine tool control system, and the head. Also the mechanical structure and composition of machine parts universal standards has or is undergoing an enormous change。

随着社会经济的发展以及科学技术的进步，智能手机以及个人电脑被广泛应用在人们的日常生产生活中。

安卓操作系统作为智能的操作系统，其具有高度的开放性，使得智能手机以及个人电脑具有较大的应用优势，下面是安卓开发英文参考文献，欢迎借鉴参考。

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中国的航天China's Space Activities前言Introduction人类的活动范围，经历了从陆地到海洋，从海洋到大气层，从大气层到外层空间的逐步拓展过程。

二十世纪五十年代出现的航天技术，开辟了人类探索外层空间活动的新时代。

The scope of mankind's activities has experienced expansion from land to ocean, from ocean to atmosphere, and from atmosphere to outer space. Space technology, which emerged in the 1950s, opened up a new era of man's exploration of outer space.经过近半个世纪的迅速发展，人类航天活动取得了巨大成就，极大地促进了生产力的发展和社会的进步，产生了重大而深远的影响。

Having developed rapidly for about half a century, mankind's space activities have scored remarkable achievements, greatly promoted the development of social productivity and progress, and produced profound and far-reaching effects.航天技术已成为当今世界高技术群中对现代社会最具影响的高技术之一，Space technology has turned out to be one field of high technology that exerts the most profound influence on modern society.不断发展和应用航天技术已成为世界各国现代化建设的重要内容。

材料工程英语Materials EngineeringMaterials engineering is a field of study that focuses on the design, development, and application of various materials used in a wide range of industries. It encompasses the study of the properties, behavior, and performance of materials, including metals, ceramics, polymers, and composites, and the ways in which they can be manipulated and optimized for specific applications.One of the primary goals of materials engineering is to create new and improved materials that can meet the ever-evolving demands of modern technology. This involves a deep understanding of the fundamental principles of materials science, including the atomic and molecular structures that determine a material's physical, chemical, and mechanical properties. Materials engineers must also consider the economic and environmental factors that influence the production and use of materials, as well as the ethical and social implications of their work.In the field of materials engineering, researchers and engineers work to develop materials that are stronger, lighter, more durable, andmore energy-efficient than those currently in use. This can involve the creation of new alloys, the development of advanced composites, or the modification of existing materials through processes such as heat treatment, surface coating, or chemical processing.One area of particular importance in materials engineering is the development of materials for use in the energy sector. As the world's demand for clean and sustainable energy sources continues to grow, materials engineers are playing a crucial role in the development of technologies such as solar cells, fuel cells, and batteries. By designing and optimizing the materials used in these devices, they are helping to drive the transition towards a more sustainable energy future.Another key focus of materials engineering is the development of materials for use in the medical and biomedical fields. This can include the design of implantable devices, such as artificial joints or pacemakers, as well as the development of materials for use in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. Materials engineers must carefully consider the biocompatibility and performance of these materials, as well as their ability to integrate with the human body.In addition to these specialized applications, materials engineering also plays a critical role in a wide range of other industries, from aerospace and automotive to construction and consumer electronics. In each of these areas, the ability to design and optimize materials isessential for improving the performance, efficiency, and sustainability of the products and systems that we rely on every day.Overall, the field of materials engineering is a dynamic and constantly evolving discipline that is essential for the development of new technologies and the improvement of existing ones. As the world continues to face complex challenges, such as climate change, resource scarcity, and the need for more efficient and sustainable solutions, the role of materials engineers will only become more important in the years to come.。

摘要10kV配电网主要有中性点不接地、中性点经消弧线圈接地、中性点经小电阻接地等运行方式。

不同的配电网中性点接地方式各有其特点和优势。

本文详细分析计算了三种主要接地方式下配电网在发生单相短路故障时的零序电压、短路电流和暂态特性;并利用有限元分析软件，详细分析了小电阻接地运行方式下，单相短路故障时的大地电场分布，计算了短路点附近的跨步电压。

为配电网接地方式的合理选择及继电保护提供了理论依据。

本文研究内容主要包括以下几个方面:介绍了10kV配电网的不同接地方式发展概况，详细分析了配电网中接地变压器的结构与工作原理，总结并对比了不同接地方式的优缺点。

针对三种主要接地方式的配电网络，首先分析出了其发生单相短路故障时的稳态等效电路，在此基础上推导出其短路接地电流计算公式，并给出了其电容电流分布图。

其次详细推导出其暂态等效电路，同样详细计算了其暂态短路接地电流。

最后建立了配电网发生单相接地短路的MATLAB仿真模型，得出了与理论分析结果相符的仿真波形与数据。

阐述了接地电阻、跨步电压和接触电压的概念，详细推导了它们的理论计算公式。

开创性地运用有限元分析软件ANSYS来定量仿真发生单相对地短路后的跨步电压，仿真结果与理论计算结果基本吻合。

设计了10kV配电网小电阻接地运行方式下发生单相对地和单相对电线横担的两种常见短路的实验方案，给出了详细实验操作步骤及需要注意的事项，通过实验验证了论文中有关短路时接地电流及跨步电压的计算分析结果。

关键词:10kV配电网;中性点接地方式;短路接地电流;跨步电压;有限元分析AbstractNeutral grounding without impedance,neutral grounding through suppression coil and neutral grounding through low resistor are the most common neutral grounding in the l0kV distribution network. There are different characteristics and application advantages with different neutral grounding. When the single phase short-circuit fault occur in the l0kV distribution network, zero sequence voltage, short-circuit current are calculated in detail and transient characteristics are analyzed for the three main neutral grounding in this paper. Then, Electric field distribution and step voltage are also calculated with Finite element analysis software for grounding through low resistor. The study of this paper is helpful to the choice of neutral grounding and power system relay protection for the l0kV distribution network.The study of this paper focuses on the following aspects:The development and application trends of neutral grounding in l0kV distribute network are introduced in this thesis, then the structure and work principle of grounding transformer is analyzed in detail. The advantages and disadvantages of three main neutral grounding are summarized and compared with each other.For the three main neutral grounding distribute network, Firstly, the steady-state equivalent circuit is proposed through careful analysis when the single phase short-circuit fault occur and the short circuit current formula is derived in detail on the basis of the steady-state equivalent circuit. The distribution figure of capacitive current is given. Secondly, the transient-state equivalent circuit is presented through careful analysis and the transient short-circuit current is solved based on the transient-state equivalent circuit. Finally, a single phase short-circuit fault model is established in the MATLAB software, the simulation results and data are consistent with the theoretical analysis results.The concept of grounding resistance, step voltage and touch voltage are expounded,and the theoretical formula is also deduced. The step voltage when the single phase short-circuit fault occur is calculated quantitatively with the finiteelement analysis software ANSYS. The simulation results are consistent with the theoretical calculation results.Two common short-circuit experimental program are designed and the experimental procedures and some notes are given in detail. It is demonstrated that the theoretical analysis about the short-circuit current and the step voltage in the paper is correct.Key Words: l0kV distribution network; neutral grounding; short-circuit ground current; step voltage; finite element analysis第1章绪论1．1课题研究背景及意义电力是人类文明生活的原动力，是最重要的二次能源和工商业界主要的动力及照明来源，其需求与经济发展之间有着密不可分的关系。

功能材料相关文献翻译（中文+英文）功能材料功能材料是新材料领域的核心，是国民经济、社会发展及国防建设的基础和先导。

它涉及信息技术、生物工程技术、能源技术、纳米技术、环保技术、空间技术、计算机技术、海洋工程技术等现代高新技术及其产业。

功能材料不仅对高新技术的发展起着重要的推动和支撑作用，还对我国相关传统产业的改造和升级，实现跨越式发展起着重要的促进作用。

功能材料种类繁多，用途广泛，正在形成一个规模宏大的高技术产业群，有着十分广阔的市场前景和极为重要的战略意义。

世界各国均十分重视功能材料的研发与应用，它已成为世界各国新材料研究发展的热点和重点，也是世界各国高技术发展中战略竞争的热点。

在全球新材料研究领域中，功能材料约占 85 % 。

我国高技术(863)计划、国家重大基础研究[973]计划、国家自然科学基金项目中均安排了许多功能材料技术项目(约占新材料领域70%比例)，并取得了大量研究成果。

当前国际功能材料及其应用技术正面临新的突破，诸如超导材料、微电子材料、光子材料、信息材料、能源转换及储能材料、生态环境材料、生物医用材料及材料的分子、原子设计等正处于日新月异的发展之中，发展功能材料技术正在成为一些发达国家强化其经济及军事优势的重要手段。

超导材料以NbTi、Nb3Sn为代表的实用超导材料已实现了商品化，在核磁共振人体成像(NMRI)、超导磁体及大型加速器磁体等多个领域获得了应用;SQUID作为超导体弱电应用的典范已在微弱电磁信号测量方面起到了重要作用，其灵敏度是其它任何非超导的装置无法达到的。

但是，由于常规低温超导体的临界温度太低，必须在昂贵复杂的液氦(4.2K)系统中使用，因而严重地限制了低温超导应用的发展。

高温氧化物超导体的出现，突破了温度壁垒，把超导应用温度从液氦( 4.2K)提高到液氮(77K)温区。

同液氦相比，液氮是一种非常经济的冷媒，并且具有较高的热容量，给工程应用带来了极大的方便。

另外，高温超导体都具有相当高的上临界场[H c2 (4K)>50T]，能够用来产生20T以上的强磁场，这正好克服了常规低温超导材料的不足之处。

英文资料及中文翻译Development and application of EDA technologyEDA (Electronics Design Automation) technology is that one kind arising at the historic moment with the development at full speed of the integrated circuit and computer technology is advanced, fast, effective electronic design automation tool. EDA tool regards hardware and software of the computer as the basic workbench, software package in common use of CAD that collect the data base, figure learning, picture theory and topological logic, computational mathematics, optimize theory, etc. multi-disciplinary latest achievement and develops. EDA is a development trend of the electronic designing technique, utilize EDA tool to replace a designer and finish most work in the electronic system design.The implementation method of the digital system has been gone through from discrete component, SSI, MSI evolution at full speed to LSI, VLSI and UVISI too. In order to improve systematic dependability and common ability, the microprocessor and special-purpose integrated circuit (ASIC) have replaced the whole hardware LSI circuit in common use gradually. Can program the logic device (PLD) , especially can be programmed in the making that the logic device(FPLD) is applied to ASIC in a large amount at the scene. In the course of canning program the development of the integrated circuit , the appearance of EDA technology has brought the revolutionary change that the electronic system is designed.With the constant development of the micro-electric technique and computer technology，in the design work of electronic system related to fields, such as communication, national defense, spaceflight, industrial automation, instrument and apparatus, etc，the content of EDA technology is rising at the surprising speed , it has already nowadays become one of the front of the electronic technical development. This text has explained the basic conception and evolution of EDA technology at first, then introduce the essential feature of ESDA from several different respects, Analyse theworkflow on two different levels of EDA technology emphatically finally, namely one grade of designs of circuit and system grade are designed，have introduced a kind of top-down high level electronic design method. 1．PrefaceThe human society has already entered into the highly developed information-based society, the development of the information-intensive society can not do without the progress of the electronic product. The modern electronic product has been presenting the downward trend all the time at but the price while performance improves, complexity increases, and the paces of the model change are quicker and quicker , the main reason which realizes this kind of progress is the development which produces the manufacturing technology and electronic designing technique. The former regards very small process technology as representatives, has already developed the deep sub-micro at present, can integrate several ten million transistors on the chip of several square centimeter ; The latter's core is EDA technology. EDA refers to regarding computer as the workbench, have merged electronic CAD software package in common use that the latest achievement of application electric technology, computer technology, intelligent technology develops into , can carry on the design work of three respects auxiliary mainly: IC designs, electronic circuit design and PCB are designed. Without the support of EDA technology, it is unimaginable that the design that wants to finish above-mentioned very large scale integration is made, conversely, produce manufacturing technology constant to progress and will put forward new request to EDA technology.2．Development of EDA technologyEDA technology is following the development that the computer, integrated circuit, electronic system are designed, have gone through CAD (Computer Assist Design), auxiliary engineering design CAE of computer (Computer Assist Engineering Design) Three developing stages with design automation ESDA of electronic system (Electronic System Design Automation).Review the development course of electronic designing technique in the past 30 years, can divide EDA technology into three stages .The seventies of the 20th century, with hitting the appearance and application of the small- scale integrated circuit, traditional madding maps by hand and designed the printed circuit board and integrated circuit method has been already unable to meet and design the requests of the precision and efficiency, people begin high repeated miscellaneous work connect up and work and edit and replace with CAD tool that analyze such as Butut with two-dimensional level figure products design process. This has produced the first generation of EDA tools. Limited by computer workbench at that time, the design work that can be supported is limited and performance is worse The seventies were CAD stage, people began to carry on the domain editor of IC and PCB overall arrangement to connect up auxiliary with the computer this stage, it is done by hand toreplace, has produced the concept of CAD .The first individual computer platform of work station (Apollo) that appeared in the eighties, has promoted the rapid development of EDA tool. For meet the electronic product in the scale and make the need that have, the second generation of EDA technology taking emulation of the computer and self routing as key technology has appeared. CAE tool with automatic integration capability has replaced some design work of the designer's. Characteristic its to regard software tool as core finish design, analyze, produce, every job of testing etc. of product development through software the. However, EDA tool that the majority proceeds from principle picture still can't meet the request that the complicated electronic system is designed, and the component figure specified is restricting optimization design.The eighties were CAE stage. Compared with CAD, draw the function besides the pure figure , has increased the function of the circuit again and is designed and designed with the structure, and combine the two together through the electric connection network form, in order to realize engineering design, this is a concept of the auxiliary project of the computer. The main function of CAE is: The principle picture is input, logic emulation , the analysis of the circuit, the automatic overall arrangement is connected up, analyze after PCBIn the 1990s, the designer was from using the hardware to be developedand turned from one grade of electronic products of circuit to one grade of electronic product development of system to design the hardware progressively . ESDA tool is designed for the core with the system grade, including the systematic behavior grade describes that comprehensive with the structure grade, with test and prove systematic emulation system divide assign. The appearance of the third generation of EDA technology, the efficiency that the improvement system is designed greatly, dream of making the designer begin to realize that "the concept drive the project ". The designer has got rid of a large amount of auxiliary design work, concentrate energy on creative scheme and concept to conceive , thus improved efficiency of designing greatly, has shortened the research cycle of the products.The 1990s were ESDA stage. Though CAD/CAE technology has made enormous success, has not liberated people completely from the strenuous design work out. In the course of designing entirely, automation and intelligent degree are also not high, various kinds of EDA software interfaces are various, learn and use difficult, and incompatible, influence and design to link up link directly. Because the above is insufficient, people begin to pursue the automation of carrying out whole design process.3．The technology of EDA is formedThe essential feature of modern EDA technology is to adopt the high-level language to describe, have one grade of emulation of system and integration capability. EDA target of technical research the whole course that electron design, have system grade, circuit grade and physics grades of each design of level. The category of technical research of EDA is quite extensive, develops and uses the angle to look from ASIC, include the following sub module : Design introduction sub module, set up and count data base sub module, analyze and prove sub module, comprehensive emulation sub module, overall arrangement connect up sub module etc..EDA adopts the concurrent engineering and " top-down design method " mainly, then designs and starts with from the system, division and structure carrying on the function block-diagram on the top floor are designed, carries on emulation , corrects error first classily in the block-diagram , and describewith the hard wares, such as VHDL, Verilogy-HDL, ABEL etc. that the language describes the high-level systematic behavior, prove in system one grade , optimizes tools and produces the concrete net list in one grade of logical circuits of door synthetically with logic afterwards, it can be a printed circuit board or special-purpose integrated circuit that its corresponding physics is realized grade.The experience of EDA tool is two great stages: Physics tool and logic tool. The actual physics question used for finishing of physics in the design of tool, for instance the overall arrangement of the chip, printed circuit board are connected up etc.. The logic tool is because of the logic of the net-list, cloth, transmit the concepts, such as time sequence etc., described at first that designs introduction in language by the picture editing machine of principle or the hardware, then utilize EDA system to finish being synthesized, course, such as emulation, optimizing etc., the structurization of net-list or VHDL, Virology -HDL turning into the physics tool finally and can be accepted is described. Now common EDA tools have logic, emulation, check analyze by tool, optimize /synthesis tool, etc.At present, PLD has already become the main means that the modern digital system is designed. Traditional programming technology to insert and go on programming at programmable device PLD device, and " can be programmed the appearance of the logic device in the system " (ISP, namely In- System Programmable), has reached limit of the superiority full play of the programming device. ISP technology directly among user design object system or circuit go on the technology of programming to PLD device at the board. Have broken the convention that PLD must be assembled after programming first of using, the programming after can assemble first , can also be programmed repeatedly after becoming the products. ISP allows user's programming " in the system " and revises logic, have provided for user and construct systematic ability and hardware upgrading ability again without revising the systematic hardware to design, make the hardware revised and as convenient like the software revise , systematic dependability improves because of this.4．Development trend of EDA technologyWith the introduction of Intel Company Pentium processor, the listing of FPGA of hundreds of thousands pieces of scale of company, such as Xilinx etc., and extensive chip group and application of the high-speed, high density printed circuit board, EDA technology is in emulation , time sequence analysis, integrated circuit test automatically, high-speed printed circuit board design and expansion of operating platform etc. face the new enormous challenge. These are developments trend in the future of EDA technology of new generation. In the face of the electronic product market that nowadays develops at full speed, the designer needs more practical, swifter EDA tool, use unified integrated design environment, change traditional mentality of designing, concentrate on and get and design and conceive energy, the scheme compares and looks for the respects, such as optimization design etc., develop the of good performance electronic product with first-class quality at fastest speed. Of new generation EDA technology towards powerful simple to learn while being easy, the direction easy to use will be developed. 5．Essential feature of ESDA technologyESDA representatives are nowadays the newest developing direction of electronic designing technique, its essential feature is: The designer divides with the function conceptual design to the whole system according to the " top-down design method ", the key circuit of the system is realized with one or several slices of special-purposes integrated circuit (ASIC), then adopt the hardware to describe that the language (HDL) is finished the systematic behavior grade and designed, produce the final goal device through comprehensive device and adapter finally. The electronic design method known as high level of such a design method, will also do the introduction of deepening in 4.2 in concrete procedure. Now introduce several concepts related to ESDA essential feature.5.1 the“ Top-Down” design method10 years ago, chose the standard integrated circuit to construct out a new system “ Bottom-Up” in basic train of thought that the electron is designed, such a design method build Pyramid like one brick one, it lows with high costs efficiency have to be but also easy to make mistakes.Design the brand-new design method to provide for us a kind of " Top-Down " in high level, designing starting with from the system at first in these kind of design method, division and structure carrying on the function block-diagram on the top floor are designed. Carries on emulation , corrects error first classy in the block-diagram , and describe with the hardware that the language describes the high-level systematic behavior, prove in system one grade. Then by optimizing tools and produce the concrete net-list of pieces of circuit synthetically, it can be a printed circuit board or special-purpose integrated circuit that its corresponding physics is realized grade. Because the main emulation designed and debugging the course to finish on high level, this not merely helps to find the mistake on the structure design in early days, avoid the waste of the design work, and has reduced the work load of logic function emulation , has improved success rate designed.5.2 The designing of ASICThe complexity of the modern electronic product is strengthened day by day, a electronic system may be formed by integrated circuit on a small scale of several tens of thousands of, this has brought volume largely, the consumption is great, problem with bad dependability , the effective method to solve this problem is to adopt ASIC (Application Specific Integrated Circuits) chip to be designed. ASIC can be divided into according to the difference of design methods: Customize ASIC all, half customize ASIC, programmable ASIC (called and can program the logic device too).When design and customize ASIC chip completely, the designer wants to define the geometric figure of all transistors and rule of craft on the chip, design result transfer to IC producer close membrane make and finish finally. The advantage is: The chip can obtain optimum performance, namely area utilization ratio high, fast, low power dissipation . The shortcoming is: Development period is long, costly, only suitable for the product development in enormous quantities.Half customize ASIC domain of chip design method to some extent different, divide into door array design law and standard unit design law, these two kinds of methods are both binding character design methods, its main purpose is simplified and designed, shorten construction period by sacrificing the performance of the chip as the cost. Can program logic chipand above-mentioned difference of covering the membrane ASIC to lie in : The designer can fire out one's own chip in the laboratory after finishing the domain design, needn't have the participation of IC producer, has shortened development period greatly .Can program the logic device since the seventies , has gone through PAL, GAL, CPLD, FPGA several developing stages, among themCPLD/FPGA has belonged to the high density and can program the logic device , the integrated level has already been up to 2 million doors slice at present, it close integrated level high advantage, ASIC of membrane, and can program logic device design and produce convenient characteristic combine together, especially suited to the sample developing short run product development, enable products and list at fastest speed, and when the market expands , it can very easy to transfer to and cover membrane ASIC realize, so develop the risk but greatly reduced .5.3 The hardware describes languagesThe hardware describes that the language (HDL-Hardware Description Language) is a kind of computer language used for designing the electronic system of the hardware, it describe the logic function of the electronic system, circuit structure and connects the form in programming way of software, describe with traditional door grade that the way compares, it is more suitable for the design of the extensive system. Such as one addition device of 32, utilize figure input software need 500 introduction to 1000 door, and utilize VHDL language to only need to write a line of A =B +C, and VHDL language readability is strong, apt to revise and find the mistake. The early hardware described languages, was developed by different EDA manufacturers such as ABEL-HDL, AHDL, not compatible each other, and does not support designing at many levels , translation should be finished artificially among the levels. In order to overcome the above defect, the American Ministry of National Defence put out VHDL (Very High Speed IC Hardware Description Language) language formally in 1985, IEEE adopted VHDL and described the standard of languages (IEEE STD-1076) for the hardware in 1987.VHDL whether one omni-directional hardware describe language,including systematic behavior grade, register transmit grade and logic gate one magnitude of a lot of design levels, support the mixing and describing of three kinds of description forms of the structure, dataflow, behavior, so VHDL nearly covers the functions of describing the language of various kinds of hard wares in the past, whole top-down or the bottom-up circuit design process can be finished with VHDL. In addition, VHDL also has the following advantages :The wide range of VHDL describes the core that ability makes it become high level and is designed, has brought the designer's focus of work up to the realization and debugging of the systematic function, less energy is used in physics to realize to only need flowersVHDL can describe with the succinct and clear code that controls the logic design complicatedly, flexible and convenient, but also easy to design the exchange, save of the result and put in an position.The design of VHDL does not depend on the specific device , has facilitated the conversion of the craft .VHDL is a standard language, support for numerous EDA manufacturers , so the transplanting is good.5.4 Systematic frame structureEDA systematic frame structure (Framework) is a set of norms of disposing and use EDA software package, present main EDA system all set up frame structure, for instance Design Framework of Cadence Company, Falcon Framework of Mentor Company etc., these frame structure is all in accordance with the unified technical standard that international CFI organization (CAD Framework Initiative) make . Framework can carry on optimization grouping of the tool software from different EDA manufacturers , integrates it under a unified environment of easy management, and still support and realize the transmission and sharing of information in the course of whole product development between the tasks, between the designers, this is a realization foundation of a co-current engineering and Top-Down design method.6. ConclusionEDA technology whether electron design a revolution of field, atdeveloping stage of high speed at present, there are new EDA tools every year to come out, the application level of EDA technology of our country lags behind the developed country for a long time, so, the masses of electronic engineering personnel should master this advanced technology as soon as possible , this improve design need of efficiency is of our country electronics industry survive at world market even more, strive and need that develop unexpectedly.EDA技术的发展与应用EDA(Electronics Design Automation电子设计自动化)技术是随着集成电路和计算机技术的飞速发展应运而生的一种高级、快速、有效的电子设计自动化工具。

新技术带来的挑战和风险比好处更多英语作文The rise of new technologies brings convenience to people's lives, while at the same time, some risks and challenges will follow. In recent years, there have been a lot of relevant studies on the risk of the Internet of things. For example, in 2020, the world economic forum and the RAND Corporation of the United States successively released reports "the Internet of people has come: meeting the new challenges of technological governance" and "the Internet of people: opportunities, challenges and governance", pointing out that the Internet of people technology will not only bring huge dividends to mankind, but also produce various risks and challenges. So, what are the potential risks of the Internet of people in the application process?Privacy protection issues. The emergence of personal networking devices, while improving people's quality of life, inevitably touches users' personal private information at a deep level, thus bringing privacy problems. Unlike other technologies, the data collected by personal networking devices are not only the basicpersonal information such as users' photos, resumes, home addresses, hobbies and living habits, but also more private personal physiological data such as physical conditions and vital signs. In the Internet environment, all kinds of personal networking devices can monitor and transmit various personal information such as user health indicators at any time, including the risk of data leakage or hacker intrusion and theft. Once data leakage occurs in the application of the Internet of people, it means that the user's basic personal information and various physiological data may become the target of criminals, resulting in adverse consequences. Therefore, people must pay attention to privacy protection, data security and other issues while applying the new technology of Internet of people and enjoying the opportunities brought by this new technology.Life and health problems. The Internet of people technology takes the human body as the center, realizes the interactive processing of in vivo data and network system, and achieves the tracking and monitoring of human individuals through the Internet and human data. This technology and related devices are gettingcloser to the human body and even deeper into the human body. Various attached, implanted and embedded devices interact with sensors in the environment in the Internet environment to transmit various human body data to external devices held by users. Compared with other technologies, the personal networking devices collect more data about human vital signs. In addition, with the networked use of relevant medical devices, some implantable devices will be completely placed in human bodies, and doctors will also directly monitor the physical condition of patients through such devices in real time, so as to adjust the diagnosis and treatment plan. At the same time, the relevant special drug transmission applications are also controlled and coordinated by embedded computers. It can be seen that the security problem of the Internet of people is no longer limited to the traditional network security problem, but has upgraded to the problem of human life and health. For example, once the auxiliary devices of human organs such as cardiac pacemakers are invaded by hackers in the application, the interruption of the device in the process of use will bring great danger to users' lives. In addition, if the personal networking devicesends wrong instructions during use (whether intentionally or unintentionally), the consequences are unpredictable. These problems require professionals and relevant scholars to clarify and improve a large number of details.Ethical issues. First of all, the Internet of people technology has the problem of moral responsibility. Man is a creature with reflective ability and self-consciousness. When dealing with problems, people can distinguish right from wrong and distinguish good from evil through the guidance of personal thoughts. However, as a technology, the Internet of people does not have thoughts and consciousness. Therefore, we need to consider whether personal networking devices can make appropriate choices in the face of moral choices, decisions, or ethical issues related to human morality? Will it touch the bottom line of human morality? All kinds of drawbacks exposed in the development and application of the Internet of things remind us to always pay attention to the ethical and moral issues of technology. In some problems or accidents caused by personal networking devices, it is difficult for us to determine who should be responsible for the designers, producers,doctors or users themselves. The blurring of responsibility boundary may make different subjects in each link prevaricate with each other, which is not conducive to the standardized management of technology. Secondly, the development of the Internet of people will also impact social equity to a certain extent. Personal networking technology has strong algorithm support. During the use of the device, a large amount of user data will be recorded, and a vivid "character image" will be portrayed through algorithm technology. Due to the personal preferences of designers and other reasons, there will also be some algorithm bias in personal networking technology, which will bring some social unfairness. In addition, with the development of technology, the recording and analysis of data make human beings become the object of fine monitoring, which may lead to a variety of unfair treatment. Even the individuals who are monitored may still be in a state of ignorance. Finally, the problems of data privacy disclosure and technology abuse caused by the application of the Internet of people will also bring social problems to a certain extent. If we want to realize the "goodness" of technology and make man-machinecoexist harmoniously, we must consider the future development trend of technology. Future technology will be more complex and powerful. For this, a highly matching moral standard will become a necessary condition to reduce or even avoid possible harm. Therefore, in the face of the development of the Internet of people, we must pay attention to and take necessary regulations to deal with ethical and moral risks.。

摘要γ-聚谷氨酸是一种绿色环保型高分子聚合材料,具有良好的吸附性、保水性和生物相容性,可以被生物体完全降解,在农业生产上有着良好的应用前景。

本文对聚谷氨酸尿素的开发及其应用进行了论述,阐述了在农业绿色可持续发展背景下聚谷氨酸尿素的应用与推广带来的重大经济与社会意义,探讨了聚谷氨酸尿素产品开发所需解决的问题,并对未来发展方向进行了展望。

关键词聚谷氨酸;尿素;开发;应用;绿色农业中图分类号S143文献标识码A 文章编号1007-5739(2022)07-0152-04DOI :10.3969/j.issn.1007-5739.2022.07.046开放科学(资源服务)标识码(OSID ):Development and Application of Polyglutamic Acid UreaZHENG Wen(China Coal Energy Company Limited,Beijing 100120)Abstract γ-polyglutamic acid is a kind of green environmental protection polymer material.It has good adsorption,water retention and biocompatibility,and can be completely degraded by organisms,so it has a good application prospect in agricultural production.The development and application of polyglutamic acid urea were discussed in this paper.Under the background of agricultural green sustainable development,the great economic and social significance of development and application of polyglutamic acid urea was elaborated.The problems needed to be solved in the development of polyglutamic acid urea were discussed,and the future developing direction was prospected.Keywords polyglutamic acid;urea;development;application;green agriculture聚谷氨酸尿素的开发及应用郑文(中国中煤能源股份有限公司,北京100120)基金项目中国科学院A 类先导“美丽中国”专项课题“海岸带工农业格局及污染物入海防控解决方案”(XDA23050101)。

More complex processes require more complex safety technology.更复杂的过程需要更复杂的安全技术。

Many industrialists even believe that the development and the application of safety technology is actually a constraint on the growth of the chemical industry. 许多企业家甚至认为，安全技术的发展和应用实际上是制约化工发展的因素。

As chemical process technology becomes more complex, chemical engineers will need a more detailed and fundamental understanding of safety. 由于化学工艺技术越来越复杂，化学工程师也将需要更详细和本质地了解安全知识。

H.H. Fawcett has said that to know is to survive and to ignore fundamentals id to court disaster. H H福塞特曾说过，了解安全知识就能生存，忽略它就会招致灾害。

Since 1950, significant technological advances have been made in chemical process safety. 自1950年以来，化学工程安全已经取得了重大的技术进步。

Today, safety is equal in importance to production and has developed into a scientific discipline which includes many highly technical and complex theories and practices. 今天，安全和生产同样重要，已经发展成为一门包括高科技、复杂理论和实践的学科。

纺织产业是我国民生工业，也是出口创汇的重要产业之一。

2020年初，受疫情影响，我国纺织产业受到严重冲击；但从第 2 季度以来，国内疫情得到快速控制，工厂迅速恢复生产。

为及时了解我国纺织产品开发的最我国纺织产品开发及应用的新动向—— 基于对2020年国内三大纺织展会的调研分析文 | 潘志连　程四新　陈顺明　章友鹤作者简介：潘志连，1967年生，工程师，长期从事纺织相关生产技术与产品研发工作。

作者单位：潘志连，湖州威达纺织集团公司；程四新，百隆东方股份有限公司；陈顺明，兰溪天马纺织有限公司；章友鹤，浙江省纺织工程学会。

摘要：文章分析了2020年国内举办的三大纺织新产品展览会展示的产品特点，并对展出的五大类新型纤维原料的品种、性能及其应用领域作了初步分析，主要包括：（1）国产莱赛尔的性能已达到同类进口产品的水平，产量及市场应用范围不断扩大；（2）与常规纤维素纤维相比，纤维素纤维新品种具有多种优良性能，是取代常规纤维素纤维，实现产品升级的最佳选择；（3）包括禾素纤维在内的多种抗菌、抗病毒功能纤维越来越受到市场与消费者的关注，应用于纺织服装上具有增强免疫的作用；（4）多种弹性纤维的开发及应用，能满足人们对穿着服饰伸缩自如、穿着得体、保型美观的需求；（5）天然棉纤维的改良与改性，能够克服棉纤维弹性回复性能及抗折皱性能不够理想的缺陷，使其性能更完善，应用领域进一步拓展。

关键词：纺织产品开发；新型纤维应用；性能特点；用途拓展中图分类号：TS106 文献标志码：ANew Trends of China’s Textiles Development and Application— Based on the Survey and Analysis of the Three MajorDomestic Textile Exhibitions in 2020Abstract: This paper analyzes the product characteristics of the three major textile exhibitions held in China in 2020, and makes a preliminary analysis on the varieties, properties, and application fields of the five major types of new fiber raw materials on display. Research results are as follows. Firstly, the performance of domestic Lyocell has reached the same level of similar imported products, with increasing output and market application. Secondly, compared with conventional cellulose fibers, new type cellulose fibers have various excellent properties, which is the best choice to replace conventional ones and achieve product upgrading. Thirdly, diversified antibacterial and antiviral functional fibers like BIOSERICA fiber have attracted ever more attention from the market and consumers, and they have the effect of enhancing immunity when used in textiles and clothing. Fourthly, the development and application of a variety of elastic fibers can meet people ’s needs for fitted, decent, and shape-preserving apparel. Fifthly, the improvement and modification of natural cotton fibers can overcome the defect of weak elastic recovery and crease-resist effect of cotton fibers, empowering better performance and expanded application field.Key words: textiles development; new fiber application; performance characteristics; expanded application新动向，笔者在2020年先后参观了首届大湾区国际纺织面料及辅料博览会，第30届中国新型纤维、纱线面对面洽谈会以及2020年中国纺联秋季联展，并与部分参展企业进行交流。

The whole world may have been surprised and impressed by the response of Mr. Ren Zhengfei, founder and soul figure of Chinese ICT giant Huawei, when he publicly showed up on the press conference after his daughter Ms. Meng Wanzhou was illegally taken into custody by the Canadian police.Neither outraged nor sentimentally depressed, Ren looked calm in his face and expression in front of the international media, saying Huawei has been moving forward in full swing as usual, not declining or falling down at all as wished by the schemers hiding behind.Most of us may ask why. Where on earth comes the confidence and calmness of the 75-year father and the senior helmsman of such a tech giant? H ere the article tries to provide a standardization perspective on Huawei’s case in the tech competition politicized by the U.S. government.华为新一代智能存储技术及其标准化突破By Vincent Sun 孙加顺A standardization perspectiveon the Huawei Case against U.S.’s politicized tech competition BETTER COMMUNICATION ｜ GREATER VALUEPoliticized threats to HuaweiWith more evidence unveiled behind the Huawei case, it becomes moreapparent that the U.S. government holds up the state power again to politicizethe global tech competition, which has astounded the world. The U.S. recklesslypushed down the first piece of the dominoes.Upon the U.S. government’s trade restriction order, a top list of the U.S. ITcompanies like Qualcomm, ARM, Google of Microsoft successively announcedtheir plan to cease or suspend their contracted cooperation with Huawei.VSVSVSSorry, my chips arenot available now.You are not allowed to use mynewly developed architectand instruction set.You are not allowed touse my operation systemand update services.That’s ok. I havemy own Kirin chips.It doesn’t matter. I have purchased the permanent permit of the new ARMv8. “Suspended supply”has little impact to the development of my chipsand I may be competent to develop new architect/instruction sets through other paths.That doesn’t matter. I have already developed my own Hongmeng OS to be released soon,which is compatible or even superior to supportthe present android and WEB applications, alot stronger and more expandable.BETTER COMMUNICATION ｜ GREATER VALUEWhat’s more, some U.S.-based standards developing organizations (SDOs) are actively or forced to follow up, including SD, Wi-Fi, JEDEC, USB-IF and PCI-SIG, to which Huawei is not only a member but also an important contributor.The SD consortium, focusing on the development and application of universal storage disk technologies, first announced to terminate the membership of Huawei and prohibit the use of micro SD cards in any products of Huawei according to the regulation of the U.S. government.The Wi-Fi consortium also “suspended” the involvement of Huawei within its activities based on the Trump restriction order against Huawei, followed up by JEDEC, a “global leader in developing open standards for the microelectronics industry”, ranging from solid storage, DRAM, flash disk card/module and RFID, also openly halting the participation of Huawei and its subsidiaries according to the U.S. restriction order until the lift of the restriction.Huawei was also kicked out by USB-IF (USB Implementers Forum), a “non-profit corporation formed to facilitate the development of high-quality compatible USB peripherals (devices), and promote the benefits of USB and the quality of products that have passed compliance testing”. The last but not least is PCI-SIG, initiated by Intel and other over 100 companies in the 1990s to develop specifications for I/O components and prepare PCI technologies for future use. It delisted the name of Huawei from its worldwide members.We can see that the five SDOs, even though not specifically dealing with chips and operating systems, have essential relevance with components or functions for computers and cellphones. For instance, Wi-Fi serves the cellphone traffic, USB for data transmission, I/O for internal data exchange while storage card and memory for more common usage.Breaking pointSo next question, for a private high-tech enterprise, how can Huawei stand up to face an aggressive suppression from a highly developed country?Zhong Xinlong, IT and software industry analyst from China Centre for Information Industry Development (CCIDWise), confirms that the impact cannot be avoided but that won’t be notably felt at present. Huawei, although being able to use the technologies and products of such industrial consortia, will lose its voice or be restricted from further involvement in such SDOs, which is not good news for their future participation in development of international standards.However, on the other side of the coin, Huawei will be forced to strategically plan for other fields they have not entered yet, for instance, storage card. Last October, Huawei released the independently developed NM storage card, indicating that Huawei has been creating their product system and technical standards.The market performance of Huawei terminals applying NM cards proves to be encouraging, given its superior technical advantages, 45% smaller, 90 M/s faster than SD cards in data reading and writing. Yu Chengdong, CEO of Huawei Consumer BG, confirmed that Huawei has seen limited impact from the situation of other technical standards, e.g. SD card, Bluetooth, Wi-Fi or NFC.It should be noted that the high-speed development of modern sci-tech sectors and rapid technological iteration would not be possible without the guidance and support of a ubiquitous variety of technical standards. And behind these technical standards, there are standardization organizations with strong heritages in various fields. These organizations are attended and celebrated by authoritative groups of experts who have spent their lifetime or several decades on specific technical areas.Storage standards landscapeNo exception in the storage field.In this arena, SNIA and SPEC both headquartered in the U.S. are well reputed and established with not only absolute authority in the U.S. but also a substantial influence on the global science and technology and the industry.SNIA, abbreviation of Storage Network Industry Association, was formed in 1997 in the U.S. as a global standards developer for network storage industry. Joining the efforts from member enterprises and industrial experts, SNIA has developed and published a good number of industrial standards, including CDMI (Cloud Data Management Interface), SMI-S (Storage Management Initiative Specification), LTFS format specs, SIRF (Self-contained Information Retention Format), IP-based drive management specification, NVM (Non-Volatile Memory) programming model, RWSW (Real World Storage Workload) performance test specs for datacenter storage, Swordfish ScalableStorage Management API, TLS (Transport Layer Security) Protocol specs for storage systems, etc.SNIA does not only publish its association standards, but also turns some of the standards into INCITS and ISO standards under the drive of ANSI, the U.S. national standards authority. For instance, ISO/IEC 17826-2012, an international standard on cloud data management interface jointly developed and published by ISO and IEC, is right based on the CDMI developed by SNIA.SPEC, short for Standard Performance Evaluation Corporation, founded in 1988 in the U.S., is not only a global standards developing organization but also a global authority for application performance test. With members ranging from well-known universities and colleges, institutes and global IT companies, it has boasted industry-wide trust on its series of application performance assessment standards.Among a number of best developments, SPEC SFS2014_swbuild is the current benchmark for storage system, established with the most rigid test model for NAS (Network Attached Storage). The standard has been upgraded from the SPEC SFS2008 in 2005, after the modified SPEC SFS97 (2.0) and SPEC SFS97_R1 (3.0) in 1997 and the initial version SPEC SFS93 (LADDIS) in 1993.In addition, a number of SDOs are also working on storage standards as part of wider contributions to the global technological and industrial development, like INCITS, ISO/IEC JTC1,IEEE, ISO, etc.BETTER COMMUNICATION ｜ GREATER VALUESource of confidenceThe dive of Huawei in storage technology began in 2002, and the efforts have been taken up to a global level with the continual R&D investment and ever-growing innovation and core competence, e.g. the technological research center in the Silicon Valley, the storage algorithm research center in Russia and the delivery centers in Chengdu, Shenzhen and Beijing. A rough estimation by far suggests that Huawei has deployed a troupe of 3,200 talents and an accumulated investment of 2 billion in US dollars for the storage research, and now holds more than 800 storage patents in hand.Huawei’s involvement in the storage standards activities has also been carried out for long. In November 2011, Huawei joined SNIA and held a heavy vote for decision among the over 400 members of this association, while truly playing a demonstrative role in adopting and promoting SNIA’s technical standards.Huawei has contributed remarkably to the improvement and industrial implementation of SNIA standard. For example, Huawei participated in the development of multiple key SNIA standards and the interoperability tests in storage management, cloud storage and green energy-saving projects, with multiple products passing the SMI CTP initiated by SNIA.What’s more, employees from Huawei have chaired important positions in technical committees and workgroups. For instance, Alan Yoder from Huawei was elected member of technical standards panel of SNIA and managerial member for SMI and GSI standardization workgroup whilerepresenting SNIA as the liaison expert at ISO.BETTER COMMUNICATION ｜ GREATER VALUEApart from the close connection with SNIA headquarters, Huawei also maintains stable partnership with SNIA China and co-chairs a branch agency under SNIA. In 2014, Huawei built a joint lab with SNIA China to provide a platform for stakeholders along the storage industry chain and craft competitive solutions for clients by working together with IT software/hardware suppliers, industry software developers, standardization organizations, industry consortia and communities. The joint lab will prioritize the promotion of latest storage technologies, testing of storage products and solutions, interconnection and interoperability test, education and training programmes. Huawei has also sponsored Plugfest and other important technical exchanges for several times, while delivering outstanding performances with its high-end storage products and technologies.Huawei is the only supplier with independent competence for full range research and development of storage OS, controller and SSD, which indicates an organic combination of software and hardware capabilities. Moreover, Huawei has great potential in improving the flash-disk performance based on its excellent end-to-end deep optimization.For storage, the OS is a key that will decide the user experience and result. Huawei has developed more than 20 million lines of codes all by its employees, which provides full support for the various configurations, business logic and hardware configurations. The original OceanStor OS and the independent Kirin chips, plus the fast-evolving algorithm capability, have taken Huawei to the commanding height of the storage technology and equipment industry.More importantly, the storage products of Huawei based on the OceanStor OS have upgraded and iterated more quickly. OceanStor F V5 (intelligent all-flash storage) and OceanStor V5 (mix flash storage), the new-generation intelligent flash storage products released in March 2018, are both based on this OS, achieving the integral evolution towards “fully flash, fully cloud and fully intelligent” to provide more complete data management solution for key business of clients.Following the superior result of SAN performance test for SPEC-1, the OceanStor F V5 again takes the lead in the NAS performance test for the benchmark SPEC SFS2014_swbuild, fully showing the natural advantages of the parallel architect of Huawei’s new generation intelligent all-flash storage system.Endorsed by SPEC, Huawei NAS has topped over other competitors in the Chinese market, and also been deployed overseas for various high-performance scenarios, e.g. petroleum exploration in energy sector, chip EDA simulation in manufacturing sector, notably improving the response speed, ensuring business continuity and further simplifying data management.In this way, Huawei has reached a balanced interaction between technical standardization and business. On the one hand, Huawei actively takes part in the activities by industry standardization organizations worldwide, adopting and promoting its technical standards, thus helping Huawei expand their global business. On the other hand, Huawei’s global expansion of its storage business has further improved the level of its standardization work.Reference:Sheng Jianming. “New-generation storage technology and breakthrough to support 5G”.Standard Performance Evaluation Corporation, Storage Networking Industry Association, InspirationsDespite the buzz over the case of Ms. Meng Wanzhou and the U.S. political manipulation over tech competition, the case of Huawei in its storage technology and standardization has brought the world some inspirations in the fast-evolving era of science and technology.With the ever-increasing globalization, the humankinds are more closely interconnected around the world. Especially for the industry, it becomes more a global business, and a small swing of the butterfly may lead to the storm on the other side of the planet. Harmony means efficiency and prosperity. Standards are more important today to ensure the benefits of all, because the prior role of standards should be to interconnect the world through the same technical language and level the field for global competition.For the SDOs, Zhong Xinlong said, the quitting of tech giants like Huawei actually leads to the loss of product compatibility and authority of the organizations themselves, while they may directly lose a key contributor of intellectual property rights and technologies.So for so-claimed international SDOs, wherever headquartered, without such a global industry leader like Huawei, they really have to re-consider their “international” mission and position before kneeing down under any political pressure, whether to seek legal remedies or explore greater space to ensure the independence of technologies, ultimately for the benefits of human beings.Enterprises may learn from Huawei the fact that active and substantive participation in technical standardization will gain you more than you think. Through consistent investment, the improving standardization capability of technology and products will enable enterprises to be more confident and competent to survive and address challenges at the global level, in the business context andunder the “jungle rule” sometimes.。