Unit 7之老阳三干创作Section One Tactics for ListeningPart 1PhoneticsStress, Intonation and AccentScriptListen to Joanna. When does she mean “Not at all”?When doesshe mean “Only in special cases”? Tick the right box.1. Who? Mary? She doesn’t go out with an yone, you know.2. No. Well, if you ask me, she doesn’t like anybody.3. Oh, a meal. Yes, that’d be nice. But where? I don’t want to eat anywhere.4. Do you think so? Mm —of course, she doesn’t approve of anyone.5. Yes. But what do you suggest? She won’t enjoy anything, will she?6. No, I asked her. I think she doesn’t want to go anywhere.7. I know. It’s odd, isn’t it? Never mind. We don’t have to go out with anyone.8. In fact, let’s not go out with anyone.Key1. (That means she will go out only with someone special.)2. (That means she doesn’t like anybody, no matter who he or she is.)3. (That means she would only eat at some special restaurants.)4. (That m eans she doesn’t approve of anyone, no matter who he or she is.)5. (That means she has special tastes.)6. (That means she just wants to stay at home.)7. (That means we can go out with particular ones.)8. (That means they will go out on their own.) Part 2 Listening and NoteTakingMountain Rescue ServiceScriptA.Listen to some sentences and fill in the blankswith the missingwords.1. The first thing that happens is that the personwho reports the accident iscloselyquestioned.2. They will also need to know how many peoplewere involved in the accidentand what kind ofinjuries there were.3. The third party on the mountain is the backupgroup.4. Their job is to help the main party on itsreturn journey.5. The base is set up near a telephone so thatextra help can be contacted withoutdelay.B. Listen to a talk about mountain rescue service.Take notes and complete thefollowing outline.When an accident is reported to the Mountain Rescue Service, the first thingthat happens is that the person who reports the accident is closely questioned.The rescue group needs to find out a number of details. First, they need to knowexactly where the accident happened, with a map reference if possible.Then theywill want to know the time of the accident.They will also need to know how manypeople were involved in the accident and what kind of injuries there were. Finally,they will ask for other useful details, such as the colour of the victim’s clothing andthe weather conditions.Then the rescue team’s callout procedure b egins. Team members keep theirpersonal equipment at home so as to be ready to set off within fifteen minutes ofreceiving the call. The advance party of about four people sets off right away. Theycarry a radiotelephone with them to send details to the main party and to thebase. They are also equipped and trained to give immediate medical assistance.The main party follows the advance party. They carry a radiotelephone and moresupplies, including a stretcher for the victim. The third party on the mountain isthe backup group. Their job is to help the main party on its return journey.Rescue control is set up in a mobile base. This vehicle carries the team’s suppliesother than personal equipment. It is equipped with radiotelephone and the meansof providing hot food anddrinks. The base is set up near a telephone so that extrahelp, for example ambulance, doctor, helicopter or reserves, can be contactedwithout delay.KeyA.1. The first thing that happens is that the personwho reports theaccident is closely questioned.2. They will also need to know how many peoplewere involved in theaccident and what kind ofinjuries there were.3. The third party on the mountain is the backup group.4. Their job is to help the main party on its return journey.5. The base is set up near a telephone so that extra help can be contactedwithout delay.B. Mountain Rescue ServiceI.The rescue group needs to find out a number of details.A. The place where the accident happened.B. The time of the accident.C. Details about the victim.I I.Then the rescue team’s callout procedurebegins.A. Team members keep their personal equipment athome so as to beready to set off withinfifteen minutes of receiving the call.B. The advance party of about four people sets off right away.1. They carry a radiotelephone with them tosend details to the mainparty and to thebase.2. They are also equipped and trained to giveimmediate medical assistance.C. The main party follows the advance party.1. They carry a radiotelephone and moresupplies, including a stretcherforthevictim.D. The third party on the mountain is the backupgroup.1. Their job is to help the main party on itsreturn journey.III. Rescue control is set up in a mobile base.A. This vehicle carries the team’s supplies other than personal equipment.B. It is equipped with radiotelephone and themeans of providing hot foodand drinks.C. The base is set up near a telephone so thatextra help, for example ambulance, doctor,helicopter or reserves, can becontactedwithout delay.Section Two Listening ComprehensionPart 1 Sentence IdentificationScriptIdentify each sentence as simple (S), compound (CP), complex(CPL) orcompoundcomplex (CC). You will hear each sentence twice.Write the corresponding letter(s) in the space provided.1. What do I care if you choose to make a fool of yourself?2. Walter was satisfied with the outcome; his wife, however, was bitterlydisappointed.3. Their trip to the park seashore next day wascut short by the first heavy drops ofrain fromthe brooding clouds.4. Eileen, Sophia and William decorated the room,WordStrd the furniture, andcleaned the carpet.5. Many of the players have slight injuries, but the team as a whole is in fine shape.Key1. CPL2. CP3. S4. S5. CPPart 2 DialoguesDialogue 1 Stressed OutScriptA. In the dialogue the speakers talk about stressmanagement.Listen to the dialogue and decidewhether the following statementsare true (T) orfalse (F).Friend: Are you OK, Mia? You look beat. You look really tired.Mia: I am. I can’t seem to sleep at night. I’vebeen under a lot of pressure lately— alot of stress.Friend: What’s up?Mia:I’ve got a million things to do. I’m busy atwork. I’m working on thehouse too, youknow. I’m trying to fix it up. I need tofinish it beforewinter. Just lots ofdeadlines.Friend: Any way I can help?Mia: Thanks, but not really. It’s just things I have to do.Friend: Well, you need to manage that stress a little better. Are you gettinganyexercise?Mia: Who has time?Friend: You really should ride a bicycle to the store, or walk to work a couple ofdays aweek, or go swimming at the communitycenter. It helps me toget exercise whenI’m busy. You don’t have to become afitness nut*, youknow.Mia: That is a good suggestion. It’s just the time, you know. I’m alwaysthinking ofwhat I should be doing.Friend: No wonder you can’t sleep. A lot of people learn to meditate* or learnyoga.Meditation and yoga are supposed to begood ways to deal withstress. They helpyou relax.Mia: Yoga? Maybe I’ll call the community center.They might have someclasses there.Friend: You know, another thing you can do is to take vitamins. You use up a lotofvitamins and you don’t get them in yourmeals all the time. They won’thelp thestress, but they might help your bodyhandle it better. You reallyshould takevitamins every day.Mia: Yeah, I should get some. Thanks.Friend: How about going out with Rosa and me this Friday? It’ll do you good.We could see amovie, make you forget your problems.Have a little fun.Mia : You know, you’re right about all o f this.Let’s go somewhere Friday night,havedinner, see a movie. That’ll be fun.Friend: Now you’re talking!Mia: OK. See you Friday. Got to get back to work!Friend: Mia, you’re hopeless, truly hopeless.B. Listen to some extracts from the dialogue andcomplete thefollowing sentences with the missing words.1. Friend: What’s up?Mia: I’ve got a million things to do. I’m busyat work. I’m working on thehouse too,you know. I’m trying to fix it up. Ineed to finish it beforewinter. Just lotsof deadlines.2. Friend: You know, another thing you can do isto take vitamins. You use upa lot ofvitamins and you don’t get them in yourmeals all the time.They won’t help thestress, but they might help your bodyhandle itbetter. You really should takevitamins every day.KeyA. F 1. Mia looks great.T 2. Mia has been under a lot of pressure probably because she finds it difficulttomeet the deadlines.T 3. She is repairing her house herself.T 4. Her friend believes exercise can help you relax.T 5. Her friend also believes that if you getregular exercise you will probablybecome afitness nut.T 6. Mia has insomnia.T 7. Meditation and yoga are supposed to be good ways to deal with stress.F 8. Vitamins can also relieve stress.T 9. Mia will go out with her friend Friday evening.T 10. Mia is probably a workaholic.B. 1. Friend: What’s up?Mia: I’ve got a million things to do. I’m busy at work. I’m working on thehouse too,you know. I’m trying to fix it up. Ineed to finish it beforewinter. Just lotsof deadlines.2. Friend: You know, another thing you can do isto take vitamins. You use upa lot ofvitamins and you don’t get them in yourmeals all the time.They won’t help thestress, but they might help your bodyhandle itbetter. You really should takevitamins every day.Dialogue 2 ReflexologyScriptA. Listen to two people talking about reflexology andcompletethe following chart.Woman: Did I tell you about the reflexology* class I’m taking at the Asia Center?Man: The what class?Woman: Reflexology. I t’s foot massage? You know, from Chinese medicine.Man: Foot massage?Woman: Yeah. It’s wonderful. Here, let me show you what I’ve learned. Take off your shoes and socks. Man: Are you serious?Woman: Just try it.Man: OK.Woman: The important thing to understand is that parts of your foot areconnected to other parts ofyour body.Man: Yeah, my legs.Woman: No. I mean certain places on your foot are connected to other places,other parts ofyour body. So when you massage a part ofyour foot, it’sgood for anot her part. Forexample, look at your big toe.Man: Uhhuh.Woman: The area on the bottom of the big toe is connected to your brain. Doyou have headaches?Man: Headaches? Sometimes.Woman: So just rub the area on the bottom of your big toe. It will help yourbrain.Man: Huh? Huh. Actually, my eyes hurt more often than my head. My eyesget tired from using thecomputer at work.Woman: Massaging your other toes can help your eyes. On the bottom of eachtoe, there’s a small area.They’re round, like circles. Well, r ubbingthesecircles makes your eyes feel better. Itrelaxes tired eyes.Man: Here? This area under each toe?Woman: Yeah. But that’s not the only place for tired eyes. If your eyes reallyhurt, find the areaunder your two smallest toes … there byyour twosmallest toes.Man: Uhhuh.Woman: It looks something like the letter “U.” Massage that U. It will help whenyou feel really badpain in your eyes.Man: What else?Woman: Well, now move down your foot on the outside. Find the widest partof your foot on the outside,there’s an area related to yourshoulders.Massage it firmly —not so hardthat it hurts, but you should be firm.Thiswill help the muscles in your shoulders. Man: Like stiff shoulders, that kind of thing?Woman: Right. Now let’s look at the other si de of your foot. On the inside ofyour foot, put yourfingers near the top — on the inside, justunder thebig toe. Slowly and firmly, rubfrom the top all the way to your heel… tothe end of your foot. This area will healyour back. If you havebackaches, rub thislong, narrow area several times a day.Man: The whole inside edge helps the back?Woman: That’s right. How’s your stomach? Do you get stomachaches?Man: Not very often … well, sometimes, if I eat too much. Woman: Find the area in the center of your foot. It goes from the inside edge ofyour foot almost allthe way to the other side. It’s almost likea smallegg. Massage it firmly. It can helpyour stomach.Man: Here, in the middle?Woman: Right. You can work on your knees, too. If you have sore knees, moveyour hand to the bottom,outside edge of your foot, the sole ofyourfoot, by the heel. Rub firmly.Man: You know, this is kind of interesting. But actually, you know what hurtsthe most? My feet. I getblisters* a lot.Woman: Blisters? Maybe you need bigger shoes.KeyPart 3 PassageEating CultureScriptB.Listen to the passage and choose the best answer toeach ofthe questions you will hear.Don’t Americans know that eating immoderate quantities of French fries andpizza can lead to overweight? Almost 80 percent know that high fat intake maylead to health problems, 86 percent are aware that cholesterol* can mean trouble,and 88 percent know that sodium* may have negative effects on health.This leaves obesity* researchers struggling with the questions of why we eat alot of fat when we know it makes us fat. What’s more, overweight is on the rise,even as popular culture continues to celebrate slimness, to the point of embracingfashion models as standards of female beauty.A couple of different societal forces are pushingAmericans toward overweight,even though we value slenderness. First, broad changes have conspired* tomakemany adults feel stressed at home and work, from corporate downsizing to beinga single parent. They eat as a form of release. People are eating more because it’s a form of gratification.Second, Americans live in the only country in the world where pieeatingcontests are oldfashioned fun, and allyoucaneat restaurants dot the landscape.Many obesity experts believe that cultural standards of slenderness areprimarily embraced by white Americans, to whom slimness becomes moreimportant with increasing income. Yet blacks, particularly black women, don’tnecessarily buy into the slimisbetter philosophy.If there is greater acceptance of overweight among black women, it’s uncl earwhether it promotes their higherthanaverage rates of overweight or results fromthem. One thing is certain: this high prevalence of overweight among blacks isnot genetic. Obesity is not an issue for blacks native to Africa. The low householdincomes of many blacks living in the U.S. may play a major role in their high levelsof overweight. If you’re poor, you learn to eat foodsthat yield the greatest amountof energy for the lowest cost —that’s fat.Questions:1. How many Americans know that sodium may do harm to their health?2. What worries obesity researchers most?3. What happens to the Americans as popular culture prefers slimness?4. What have made many adults live under the pressure?5. Why do people eat more?6. What do white Americans consider slenderness?7. Which group of people do not believe in the slimisbetter philosophy?8. Which of the following is certain about thecause for high obesity rate amongblack Americans?C. Listen to the passage again and discuss the followingquestions.KeyA. Experts agree the key to healthy eating is thetimetested advice of balance,variety and moderation.In short, that means eating a wide variety offoodswithout getting too many calories or too much of any one nutrient. Here are sometips that can help you:●Eat a variety of nutrientrich foods.●Enjoy plenty of whole grains, fruits and vegetables.●Maintain a healthy weight.●Eat moderate portions.●Eat regular meals.●Reduce but not eliminate certain foods.●Balance your food choices over time.●Know your diet pitfalls.B. 1. C 2. B 3. B 4. C 5. C 6. A 7. C 8. CC.1. They know that eating immoderate quantities ofFrench fries and pizza canlead to overweight.2. People are eating more under stress because it’s a form of gratification.3.Americans live in the only country in the worldwhere pieeating contests areoldfashioned fun,and allyoucaneat restaurants dot the landscape.4. It is not genetic.5. Because they are poor and have to learn to eatfoods that yield the greatestamount of energyfor the lowest cost —that’s f at.D. 1. Overweight is on the rise, even as popular culturecontinues to celebrateslimness, to the pointof embracing fashion models as standardsoffemale beauty.2. Americans live in the only country in the worldwhere pieeating contests areoldfashioned fun,and allyoucaneat restaurants dot the landscape.3. Many obesity experts believe that culturalstandards of slenderness areprimarily embracedby white Americans, to whom slimnessbecomesmore important with increasing income.Yet blacks, particularly bl ackwomen, don’tnecessarily buy into the slimisbetterphilosophy.4. If you’re poor, you learn to eat foods thatyield the greatest amount ofenergy for thelowest cost —that’s fat.Part 4 NewsNews item 1Over60s to Double by 2050ScriptA. Listen to the news item and decide whether thefollowingstatements are true (T) or false (F).Then give a brief summary aboutthe news item.The World Health Organization says society worldwide will experience majorchanges, with 20 percent of the population older than 60. The report urgesgovernments to have policies that permit older people to participate more insociety.In , there were 50 million older adults in the Americas. That number isexpected to double by 2025. By the year 2050, 1in4 people in the Americas willbe over 60. Globally, 1in5 people will be over 60.The WHO report says that older people make many important contributions tofamilies and communities. It suggests that these contributions are greater than thecosts of providing elders with more health services.The report says societies need to adjust to an aging population. Communitiesneed to become friendlier to older people. This means improving security for theelders and preventing social isolation* and loneliness.Health systems need to better serve older people. Systems need to provide morelongterm care forconditions common in older age.Governments also need to develop longterm care systems that ensure peoplelive their later years with dignity*. The report says that especially women —whooften are the main caregivers for older family members — need more support andresources.B. Listen to the news item again and complete the followingsentences.KeyA.F 1. According to the WHO, 30 percent of the worldpopulation will get olderthan 60.T 2. By the year 2025, older adults in the Americas are expected to be 100million.F 3. The contributions that the elders make tofamilies and communities arealmost the sameas the costs of their health services..T 4. Communities need to better serve older people, be friendlier to them andpermit them toparticipate more in society.T 5. Women who are the main caregivers for elder family members should getmore support.This news item is about the necessity of havinglongterm care systems for thegrowing ageingpopulation worldwide.B. 1. Communities need to improve security for theelders and prevent socialisolation andloneliness.2. Governments should develop longterm caresystems to ensure peoplelive their later yearswith dignity.C. Health systems need to better serve older people.Systems need toprovide more longterm care for conditions common in older age.News item 2What Is “Social Jet Lag”?ScriptA. Listen to the news item and complete the followingoutline.Then give a brief summary about the newsitem.Do you often start your day feeling tired? Do you ever fall asleep at work? Doyou sometimes just feel out of it —as if your brain is still asleep, even though yourbody is awake?If you answered “yes” to any of these questions, you might be suffering fromwhat researchers call“social jet lag*.” And help might come from simply changingyour work hours.Till Roenneberg is a German chronobiologist. “Chrono” comes from the Greekroot word “chronos” and means “time.” So, a chronobiologist is a scientist thatstudies the states of being awake and being asleep.Till Roenneberg led researchers in a study at LudwigMaximilian University inMunich, Germany. They studied “social jet lag” among workers at a steel companyin Europe.Factory workers were given work times that matched their natural sleepinghabits. Supervisors did not force the socalled “night owls,” people who like to stayawake at night, to get up early for work. On the other hand, supervisors also didnot force early risers, sometimes called “larks,” to work late.Changing the schedules of the workers to fit their lifestyle improved their sen搜索引擎优化 f wellbeing, says Mr. Roenneberg.B. Listen to the news item again and complete thefollowing sentences.KeyA. A Study on “Social Jet Lag”The institution: LudwigMaximilian University in Munich, GermanyLeading researcher: Till RoennebergSubject of the research: Workers at a steel company in EuropeMethod: Factory workers were given work times that matched their naturalsleeping habits.Finding: Changing the schedules of the workers to fit their lifestyle improved theirsense ofwellbeing.This news item is about a way that could cure “social jet lag” — changing workschedule.B.1. “Social jet lag” is a feeling that a personusually has when he finds his bodyis awake andhis brain is asleep. Therefore he will say hefeels outof it.2. A person who likes to stay up late is called a“night owl”, while a personwho gets up earlyis called an early riser, or a “lark”.C. Do you often start your day feeling tired? Do youever fall asleep at work? Do you sometimes just feel out of it — as if your brain is still asleep, even though your body is awake?Section Three Oral WorkRetellingHollywood Totem PoleScriptListen to a story and then retell it in your own words. You willhear the story only once. You can write down some key words andphrases.Screenwriters, as Tom Schulman quickly learned, have long been the lowestmembers on the Hollywood totem* pole.“If I had any inclination to get a big head, the Oscars cured that,” he once recalled.“The presenter who gave me the award [for Dead Poets Society] was Jane Fonda. Shehad recently been in the news because she had started dating Ted Turner.Anyway, she handed me the Oscar and I made my little speech and we wenttogether into the pressroom where there was a small stage in front ofbleachers*filled with about 60 press members, who were supposed to ask the winner questions.Jane and I took the stage and she said, “I’d like to introduce you to Tom Schulman,who’s just won an Oscar for Best Original Screenplay. Do you have any questions?”There was a barrage* of questions. “Jane, what’s it like with Ted? Are you gettingmarried?”etc. And she said, “Come on, this isn’t my night, it’s Tom’s night. Pleasedirect your questions to him.”So there’s a lit tle pause and somebody says, “Tom,what’s it like getting an Oscar from Jane?What’s your thought —you think she’llmarry Ted?”. Section Four Supplementary ExercisesPart 1 PassageCancerScriptA. Listen to the passage and choose the best answerto each ofthe questions you will hear.Cancer is the general name for a large group of diseases. It occurs when cells inthe body grow and divide out of control.Our bodies are made up of millions of cells. Layers of cells form tissues. Normalcells grow, divide, and die in an orderly way. This process helps keep our bodieshealthy.Cancer cells grow and divide too quickly. The process usually starts whensomething damages the genetic structure (DNA*) inside the cells. Instead of dyingin an orderly way, cancer cells keep growing, lump together* and form an extramass of tissues. This mass is called a malignant* tumor. As a malignant tumorgrows, it damages nearby tissue. A malignant tumor can take a long time (up to 30years) or a short time (2 or 3 years) to cause symptoms.Cancer can begin in one part of the body and spread to others. This is calledmetastasis*. During metastasis, cancer cells travel through the body. In the newlocation, cancer cells create a new malignant tumor and grow out of control.Not all tumors are malignant. Some are benign, which means they aren’tcancerous. Benign tumors usually aren’t life threatening. They can usually beremoved and rarely come back.We’re not exactly sure what causes cancer. We don’t always know why oneperson gets it and another d oesn’t. However, we do know a lot about the riskfactors for cancer. The more we know about the risk factors, the more we can doto protect ourselves.Risk is a person’s chance of getting a disease over a certain period of time. Aperson’s risk factors make u p a person’s risk.A risk factor is anything that raises or lowers a person’s chance of getting adisease. You can control some of them, but not all of them. Risk factors for cancerinclude:● A lifestyle choice, like what a person eats;●An environmental exposure, like smoke from otherpeople’s cigarettes;●Genetic makeup or family history;●Another disease or medical problem.These things mix together with different effects on different people. Somepeople are more sensitive to risk factors than others. Just because you have oneor even several risk factors does not mean you will definitely get cancer. Andavoiding risk factors doesnot guarantee you will be healthy.Questions:1. What are our bodies made up of?2. When does the process of cancer cells growing and dividing start?3. What do cancer cells form instead of dying in an orderly way?4. How long can a malignant tumor take to cause symptoms?5. Where can cancer start at the beginning?6. What do cancer cells do during metastasis?7. How many risk factors for cancer do we know?8. What do risk factors mean to those people who have one or several riskfactors?B. Listen to the passage again and discuss the following questions.KeyA.1. C 2. D 3. B 4. A 5. B 6. A 7. B 8. CB. 1. Cancer occurs when cells in the body grow anddivide out of control.2. The process of normal cells helps keep ourbodies healthy.3. No, not all tumors are malignant. Benign tumorscan usually be removed andrarely come back.4. A risk factor is anything that raises or lowersa person’s c hance of getting adisease.5. Some people are more sensitive to risk factorsthan others. Just because youhave one or evenseveral risk factors does not mean you willdefinitely getcancer. And avoiding risk factorsdoes not guarantee you will be healthy.Part 2 VideoStudents Invent Water Purification DiscScriptWatch the video film and answer the questions.The lab operates like a kitchen. They add this ingredient and that, mixing,weighing, pressing and baking.What’s created is called a MadiDrop — a ceramic* disc infused* with silver.When dropped in water, silver ions are released to purify the water. And, testinghere at the University of Virginia shows clean, safe water. Beeta Ehdaie is a doctoralcandidate at UVA.。
