WATER-TREATMENT-Sewage-Grinders

（重要）1.1 原水1.1.1 原水raw water未经任何处理，或进入水厂待处理的水。

1.1.2 湖面温水层epilimnion在分层水体温跃层(1.1.10)上面的水。

1.1.3 地下水ground water存于地下水层的水。

通常能从地下水层取出，或者通过地下水层取出的水。

1.1.4 湖底静水层hypolimnion在分层水体温跃层下面的水。

1.1.5 寡营养的oligotrophic用于描述水体，指水体营养物质缺乏且含有种类较多而数量较少的水生生物。

这种水体的特征是透明度高，上层水体中氧的浓度高，底部沉积物通常呈浅褐色并仅含有少量的有机物。

1.1.6 雨水rainwater尚未溶解地面上可溶性物质的大气降水。

1.1.7 暴雨水storm water；暴雨径流水storm water run-off由于降暴雨而排入水道的地面径流。

1.1.7.1 暴雨污水storm sewage由于降暴雨或雪(冰)融化生成的地面径流同污水混合的水。

1.1.8 成层作用stratification在水体中存在或形成的明显的层次。

靠温度、盐分的性质、氧或营养成分的不同来鉴别。

1.1.9 地面水surface water流过或静止在陆地表面的水。

1.1.10 温跃层thermocline水体以温度分层时，温度梯度最大的一层。

1.2 废水1.2.1 废水waste water生产过程中使用后排放的或产生的水，这种水对该过程无进一步直接利用的价值。

1.2.2 水底沉积物benthic deposit 由于自然侵蚀、生物过程或排放废水，在水道、湖或海底聚集的沉积物。

其中可能含有有机物。

1.2.3 腐质detritus在生物学意义上，指有机的颗粒物质。

在污水处理方面，指密度比水大的能被流动水输送的粗有机物残渣。

1.2.4 出水effluent从处理厂、工业过程及蓄水池等场所中排放出的水或废水。

1.2.5 污水sewage来自居住区的生活污水，水流中夹带和溶解着许多废弃物质。

HOMESewage treatment technologies(wastewater treatment)The wide spectrum of available technologies for the design of sewage treatment plants.The design of sewage treatment plants (also called "wastewater treatment plants") includesseveral treatment units, typically:1.Pre-treatment: one or more units for the physical separation of gross solids (sand,litter) and flotables (FAT, oil and grease, etc.).2.Biological treatment: one or more types of biological reactors in series.3.Clarification, disinfection and post-treatment of treated wastewater (when required).4.Sludge treatment (some sewage treatment plants do not require sludge treatment).There exist numerous types of biological reactors for sewage treatment.They can be classified according to:Process biochemistry:∙Aerobic process (e.g., activated sludge, wastewater maturation ponds, trickling filters, high-rate stabilization ponds).∙Anaerobic process (e.g., anaerobic ponds, UASB-Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket reactors).∙Facultative process (or mixed) (e.g., facultative ponds, some constructed wetlands, wastewater reservoirs).Process intensity:∙Intensive reactors (e.g., activated sludge, UASB anaerobic reactors, high-rate trickling filters).∙Super-Intensive reactors (e.g., membrane reactors, activated sludge combined with fixed biomass).∙Extensive reactors (e.g., waste stabilization ponds, wastewater reservoirs, SAT-Soil Aquifer Treatment, constructed wetlands, macrophyte ponds).∙Semi-intensive reactors (e.g., anaerobic ponds, low-energy aerated lagoons, low-rate trickling filters, high-rate stabilization ponds).Operational regime:∙Continuous flow reactors (e.g., continuous flow activated sludge, UASB type anaerobic reactors, trickling filters, stabilization ponds, constructed wetlands,macrophyte ponds).∙Sequential batch reactors - SBR (e.g., sequential batch activated sludge, sequential batch wastewater reservoirs).∙Pulse reactors (e.g., some types of vertical flow constructed wetlands, intermittent sand filters).∙Perfectly mixed and plug-flow reactors.Biomass characteristics:∙Suspended biomass reactors (e.g., activated sludge, UASB type anaerobic reactors, stabilization ponds, aerated lagoons).∙Fixed biomass reactors (or biofilm) (e.g., tickling filters, SAT, constructed wetlands, macrophyte ponds, rock filters, intermittent sand filters).∙Combined biomass reactors.Selecting the best technology for wastewater treatment in a specific project.No one of the above technologies is definitely better than the others.Each one has its advantages and disadvantages regarding construction costs, operational costs, energy use, size, operation simplicity, stability, reliability, etc.Each one suits better to different specific conditions.One of the most difficult tasks in the conceptual design of a sewage treatment plant is the selection of the most appropriate technology for the specific conditions of the project.The designer should obtain an optimal combination of:∙High public health and environment protection.∙Low construction and operational costs.A proper conceptual design is a key element for the technical success of the project: good quality effluents, simple and reliable operation, low costs, low environmental impact.The present trend in Israel and many other countries is to move from the design of sewage treatment plants as an isolated event, towards design within the framework of regional environmental planning.The geographic unit defining a region is generally the catchment basin (watershed in American English). Thus, catchment basin planning based on wide public health and environmental considerations is substituting the relatively simple sewage treatment plant design as an engineering practice.The conceptual design of sewage treatment plants within the catchment basin framework goes beyond the classical engineering profession, and requires the involvement of a multidisciplinary team of professionals.Copyright ?2002-2008 Juanicó - Environmental Consultants Ltd. All rights reserved.如何用物理法处理污水？处理处理法就是利用物理作用除去污水的漂浮物、悬浮物和油污等，同时从废水中回收有用物质的一种简单水处理法。

水质水处理词汇十亿分之一part per billion ；ppb 重量比的量，相当于每十亿单位重量的溶液中含一单位重量的溶质。

干式冷却系统dry type cooling system 升温后的循环水不是通过向大气中蒸发得到冷却，而是经由冷却管与外界空气进行间接（强制）换热，将工艺介质热量移走的冷却系统。

干冷却塔dry cooling tower 利用空气气流间接强制冷却循环水的换热装置。

分抽风式和鼓风式两种，主要用于缺水地区。

工业废液trade dffluent 指工业生产过程中排出的废水、废液，不包括生活污水和卫生废水。

工业侧污垢系数process-side fouling resistance 由于污垢或赃物沉积在工艺流体一侧的传热壁表面上而引起的传热阻力，以R d表示，单位为m2・K/W。

污垢热阻都是经验值。

无菌操作bacteria-free operation 在无细菌存在的条件下进行的操作。

在测定水中的细菌时，必须事先将使用的器皿、仪器设备及实验室进行灭菌，以获得正确的结果。

无机污垢inorganic foulant 指冷却水系统除结垢和粘垢以外的无机沉积物，如灰尘、泥渣、沙粒和腐蚀产物等。

无机沉积物inorganic deposit 沉积于水系统管道和容器器壁上的无机物，包括水垢和无机污垢，如碳酸钙、膦酸钙或羟基磷灰石、硫酸钙、镁盐（氢氧化镁、硅酸镁）、硅垢（二氧化硅、硅酸钙）以及氧化铁、氧化铝、磷酸铝和磷酸铁等。

不停车清洗on-stream cleaning 指冷却水系统在连续工作的条件下同时进行的清洗除垢操作。

水侧污垢系数water-side fouling factor 指冷却水系统换热器水侧管壁上沉积物所产生的传热阻力系数。

污垢系数越大，传热阻力也越大。

水侧污垢热阻water-side fouling resistance 换热设备冷却水侧年污垢热阻值的简称。

污垢热阻值表示由于换热设备传热面上的沉积物而导致热效率下降程度的一个数值，单位为m2• K/W。

污水sewage污水处理sewage treatment一级处理primary treatment二级处理secondary treatment生物处理biological treatment活性污泥法activated sludge process 曝气池aeration tank曝气aeration充氧oxygenation好氧消化aerobic digestion厌氧消化anaerobic digestion溶解氧dissolved oxygen沉淀sedimentation搅拌agitation氯化chlorination余氯residual chlorine污泥sludge泥龄sludge age回流污泥returned sludge剩余污泥surplus sludge消化污泥digested sludge活性污泥activated sludge污泥浓缩sludge thickening污泥脱水sludge dehydrating絮凝flocculation水头Flood peak水头损失head loss液面负荷surface load、工艺参数类设计流量Design flow泵流量pump flow栅前水深water depth of ahead grille过栅流速Crosses the grille speed of flow栅条间隙Grille gap过栅水头损失head loss of crosses the grille 格栅倾角Grille inclination angle过栅流量flow of grille齿耙运行速度rake speed有效水深Effective water depth水力停留时间HRT hydraulic residence time 水力表面负荷Hydraulic load surface污泥浓度sludge concentration污泥回流比sludge reflux ratio机械设备类粗格栅coarse screen回转格栅除污机grille decontaminating equipment 无轴螺旋输送机shaftless screw conveyor无轴螺旋压榨机shaftless screw compressor潜污泵submersible sewage pump细格栅fine screen旋流沉砂器rotational sand processor砂水分离器grit-water separator潜水搅拌器submersible agitator潜水推流器submersible water impeller可调堰门adjustable weir曝气转刷aeration brushes吸刮泥机aspiration sludge scraper离心脱水机Decanter Centrifuge切碎机Macerator转鼓浓缩机Drum thickener絮凝剂投配单元polymer make-up & dosing unit 圆形闸门Circular gate蝶阀butterfly valve闸阀gate valve球阀Ball valve止回阀Check Valve放空阀Emptying valve微阻缓闭止回阀Tiny Drag Slow Shut Check Valves电磁阀Mgnetic valve电动阀Mortor operated valve法兰Flange主轴承main bearing减速机gearbox超声波流量计supersonic flow meter电磁流量计electromagnetic flow meterA/A/O法anaerobic-anoxic-oxic process(厌氧-缺氧-好氧法)A-A-O生物脱氮除磷工艺A-A-O biological nitrogen and phosphorus removal processA-O脱氮工艺A-O nitrogen removal processA-O除磷工艺A-O phosphorus removal processAB法Adsorption Biodegradation process(吸附生物降解法)总a放射线Total a radioactivity氨氮ammonia-nitrogen氨基酸amino acid氨化反应Nitragen铵盐ammonium saltA/O法(厌氧-好氧法) anaerobic-oxic process奥贝尔(Orbal)型氧化沟Orbal oxidation ditchB巴登福脱氮除磷工艺Ｂardenpho nitrogen and phosphorus removal process白水(漂洗废水) white water(bleaching water)板框压滤plate pressure filtration离心机centrifugal machine半渗透膜semi-permeable membrane棒状杆菌属corynebacterium薄膜式淋水填料film packing饱和常数(Ks) saturation constant暴雨公式storm flow formula暴雨径流storm runoff溢流井overflow well苯benzene苯胺aniline总B放射性Total B radioactivity泵型叶轮暴气器paddle impeller aerator泵站pumping stationBMTS型一体化氧化沟BMTS intrachannel clarifier oxidation ditch 闭路循环closed loop表面冲洗surface washing表面负荷surface load表面过滤surface filtration表面活性剂surfactant表面活性物质surface active additive agent表面曝气surface aeration表面曝气器surface aerator表面淹灌surface flood irrigation表面冲洗装置surface washing facility丙烯酸acrylic acid丙烯腈acrylonitrile病毒virus病原菌(致病菌) pathogen病原微生物pathogen microorganismBOD-污泥负荷BOD-sludge load补充水make-up water布朗运动Brownian movementC财务评价financial evaluation配水系统distribution system侧渠型一体化氧化沟integrated oxidation ditch with side ditch产氢气乙酸菌Rydrogenes and acetic aid genes产甲烷细菌methanogenes产率系数yield coefficient常规给水处理工艺conventional water treatment processes敞开式循环冷却水系统opened recirculating cooling water system 超高纯水ultra-high-purify water超过滤ultrafiltration超过滤膜法ultrafiltration membrane process沉淀precipitation, sedimentation沉淀池sedimentation tank沉砂池grit chamber城市废水municipal wastewater城市废水处理municipal wastewater treatment澄清clalification可持续发展sustainable development充满度degree of fullness重现期exceedion interval, period of recurrence抽风式机械通风冷却塔induced draft mechanical cooling tower 臭氧发生器ozone generator臭氧法ozonation process臭氧消毒ozone disinfection初次(级)沉淀池primary clarifier, primary sedimentation tank除水器drift eliminator除铁除锰iron and manganese removal除盐水(脱盐水) desalted water,demineralized water除渣desilication, silica removal除藻algal removal除氟algal fluorine穿透曲线penetration curve活性污泥法activated sludge process生物脱氮工艺biological nitrogen removal process船型一体化氧化沟Boat Type in intrachannel clarifier oxidation ditch 纯(富)氧曝气法pure-oxygen aeration process磁凝聚magnetic coagulation磁盘法magnetic disk process磁过滤法magnetic fierration process萃取extraction萃取剂extractantD达西定律Darcy’s law大肠菌群Coliform-group bacteria大气泡曝气装置large bubble aerator代谢metabolism带式过滤belt press filtration]单级传统消化池single-stage conventional digester单螺旋式曝气装置single spiral aerator氮nitrogen氮循环nitrogen cycle蛋白质protein倒虹管inverted siphon低放射性废物low-level radio active waste制浆废水kraft mill wastewater敌百虫dipterex敌敌畏dichlorvos涤纶纤维polyester fiber地表漫流系统overland flow system(OF)地表水surface water地面（表）水环境质量标准environmental quality standard for surface water 地下滤场underground filtration field地下渗漏underground percolation地下渗滤系统subsurface infiltration system地下水groundwater人工湿地系统artificial(constructed) wetland再生水回流地下水质标准water quality standard for recharging parified wastewaterwater into groundwater aquifer地下水位underground water level淀粉生产废水starch producing wastewater点滴-薄膜式淋水填料splash-film packing点滴式淋水填料splash packing点污染源point pollufion source电动电位electromotance potential电镀废水electroplating wastewater电极electrode电解法electrolytical process电流密度eletronic density电渗析electrodialysis电渗析器electrodialyzer电晕放电brush discharge动态年成本dynamic annual cost动植物油oil and grease对硫磷parathion多层床multibed多环芳烃polycyclic hydracarban多氯联苯polychlorinated biphenyls(PCBs)E二次(级)沉淀池secondary clarifier, secondary sedimentation tank二级处理secondary tratamentF乏燃料spent fuel反冲洗black washing反渗透（逆渗透）reverse osmosis反渗透法reverse osmosis process反渗透膜reverse osmosis membrane反硝化，脱氮denitrification防止腐蚀corrosion prevention纺丝spining纺织废水textile wastewater放射性半衰期radioactive half-life放射性废水处理radioactive wastewater treatment 放射性排出物radioactive effluent非点源污染（面源污染）non-point source pollution 非离子氨non-ionic ammonia废水处理wastewater treatment废水中和neutralization of wastewaters分离separation分流制separate system分流排水系统separated sewer system酚phenol焚烧incineration风吹损失windage loss风筒式冷却塔chimmey cooling tower封闭循环系统closed recirculation system氟化物fluoride辐射流沉淀池radial flow sedimentation tank浮盖式消化池floating-cover digester气浮flotation福斯特利帕除磷工艺Phostrip phosphorus removal process福列德克斯脱氮除磷工艺Phoredox nitrogen and phosphorus removal process腐蚀corrosion富营养化eutrophication富营养化湖泊、水库eutrophic lake,eutrophic reservoirGr射线gamma rays甘蔗废水sugarcane wastewater干化drying干化床drying bed冷却塔cooling tower钢铁工业废水iron and steel mill wastewater高纯水ultrapure water高放废物high-level radio active wastes高分子电解质polymolecular electrolye高分子絮凝剂polymolecular floc高负荷活性污泥法high-loading activated sludge method高负荷生物滤池high loading biological filter高炉煤气洗涤水wastewater produced from scrubbing blast furnace top gas 高锰酸盐指数potassium permanganate index高速消化池high-rate digester高梯度磁分离器(HGMS) high grade magnegic separator高浊度水high turbidity water格栅bar screen隔板反应池baffle reaction tank隔板式混合槽baffle mixer隔油池oil separator镉cadmium铬chromium给水泵站water pumping station给水处理water treatment给水网管系统water supply system工业水处理与循环系统industrial water treatment and recirculation system 工业废水industrial wastewater汞mercury鼓风曝气blast aeration鼓风式机械通风冷却塔forced draft mechanical cooling tower 固定螺旋式曝气装置fixed spiral aerator景观、娱乐水体landscape and recreation waterbody管道接口conduit joint给水配水系统water supply piping distribution system网管平差balancing netwok罐头生产废水Cannery wastewater硅藻土cilicious marH海水淡化demineralization of sea water含酚废水phenol contained wastewater含水量moisture content含盐量saline capacity含油废水oily wastewater旱流污水量(DWF) dry-weather flow好氧生物处理aerobic biological treatment好氧塘aerobic pond好氧稳定aerobic stabilization合成洗涤剂synthetic detergent合成纤维synthetic fiber合成纤维废水synthetic fiber wastewater合成橡胶synthetic rubber合流城市废水combined municipal wastewater 合流制排水系统combined sewer system水体功能分类waterbody function classification 核能工厂nuclear power station核燃料循环nuclear fuel cycle核素nuclide冶金工业废水metallurgical industry wastewater 黑液black liquor黑液除硅sillica-elimination from black liquid虹吸滤池siphon filter化学处理chemical treatment化学工业chemical industry化学吸附chemical adsorption化学纤维chemical fiber化学需氧量chemical oxygen demand (COD)环状管网系统grid pipe network system缓蚀corrosion inhibition缓蚀剂corrosion inhibitor磺化煤sulfonated coal挥发酚volatile phenol回流比recycle ratio回流污泥率return sludge ratio汇水面积catchment area, collection area混合mixing混合床miced bed混合液挥发性悬浮固体mixed liquor volatile suspended solids(MLVSS) 混合液悬浮固体mixed liquor suspended solids(MLSS)混凝coagulation混凝沉淀coagulation-sedimentation混凝剂coagulant浑浊度tubidity活化产物activation products硅酸钠sodium silicate活性剂activator活性染料active dye活性炭activated carbon活性炭的再生re-generation of activated carbon活性炭吸附active carbon adsorption活性污泥activated sludge活性污泥法activated sludge process活性污泥负荷activated sludge loading活性污泥驯化acclimation of activated sludgeJ机械反应池mechanical reactor机械剪切曝气装置mechanical shearing aerator机械搅拌mechanical mixing机械搅拌澄清池accelerator机械曝气mechanical aeration机械通风冷却塔mechanical draft cooling tower机械脱水mechanical dewatering极化现象polarization级配granular composition集水池collection well集中处理(合并处理) joint treatment计算机computer计算机辅助设计computer aid design加速过滤器accelo-filter加压气化pressure-gasification甲基对硫磷parathion methyl甲醛formaldehyde甲烷methane甲烷发酵methane fermentation甲烷气体methane gas间歇式活性污泥系统sequencing batch reactor activated sludge system(SBR) 蒹性塘facultative pond检查井manhole减压薄膜蒸发法decreasing pressure and thin-film evaporation process 碱法制浆soda pulping process浆粕pulp降雨历时duration of rainfall降雨量,降水precipitation浇洒道路用水street flushing water焦化废水coking wastewater交替工作式氧化沟alternative operating oxidation ditch交替运行的生物滤池alternative operating trickling filter胶体colloid阶段曝气step aeration接触池contact chamber接触氧化法contact oxidation process结垢scale节水water saving锦纶纤维polyamide fiber腈纶纤维acrylic fiber精制塘(深度处理塘) polishing pond经济效益economic benefit径流系数runoff coefficent静态年成本static annuity cost景观娱乐用水水质标准water quality standard for landscape and recreation area酒精工业alcohol distilery就地处理系统(小型处理) on-site treatment systems (small scale facilities)聚丙烯酰胺polyacrylamide聚丙烯酰胺水解体polyacrylamide hydrolysis product聚合polymerize聚合度polymerizing degree聚合氯化铝polyaluminum chloride均衡池(塘) equalizalion tank(basin,lagoon)K卡罗塞式氧化沟Corrousel oxidation ditchK型叶轮曝气机K type impeller aerator凯式氮kjeldahl nitrogen空气驱动式生物转盘aero biological disks孔隙率porosity快滤池rapid filter快速渗滤系统rapid infiltration system(RI)矿井shaft(mine)矿区mining area矿区环境mining area environment矿山废水minery wasterwater矿山酸性废水acid mine wastewater扩散板diffusion plate扩散管diffusion tube扩散盘(罩) diffusion disc(cover)L乐果dimethoate冷凝condensation冷凝水condensate water冷却cooling冷却池cooling pond冷却塔cooling tower冷却塔配水系统cooling tower distribution system 冷却循环水circulated cooling water冷轧cold steel -rolling离心泵centrifugal pump离心centrifugation force离心机centrifugal machine离心脱水centrifugal dewatering离心作用centrifugation离子交换ion exchange离子交换剂ion exchanger离子交换膜ion exchange membrane离子交换树脂ion exchange resin粒径grain size砾石承托层gravel support炼钢厂废水steel-making process wastewater 炼铁iron-smelting炼铁(高炉)废水blast furnace wastewater炼油厂废水refinery processing waserwater 淋滤leaching淋水密度water drenching density淋水面积water drenching aera淋水填料packing磷phosphorus磷酸盐phosphate生物流化床Biological fluidized bed硫化物sulphide硫化物沉淀法precipitation with sulphide硫酸铵ammonium sulfate硫酸钙Calcium sulfate硫酸铝aluminum sulfate硫酸镁magnesium sulfate硫酸铁ferric sulfate硫酸亚铁ferrous sulfate硫酸盐sulfate硫循环sulphur cycle铝酸钠sodium aluminate滤层filter layer滤池冲洗水量filter washing water consumption滤池配水系统filter underdrain system滤池运行周期filter cycle time滤床filter bed滤料filtering medium滤速filtration rate滤液filtrate氯chlorine氯-氨法chlorine-ammonia process氯化,加氯处理chlorination氯化物Chlorides螺旋桨式快速搅拌机propeller-type high speed agitator M马拉硫磷malathion脉冲澄清池pulsator慢滤池slowfilter慢速渗滤系统slow rate infiltration system (SR)煤气coal gas煤气厂gas work煤气发生器coal gas generator煤气发生站gas generation station煤气净化coal gas purification煤炭coal锰manganse米门公式Michaelis - Menten equation莫诺德公式Monod equation密闭式循环冷却水系统closed recirculating cooling water system 密集多喷嘴曝气装置compact multinozzle aerator面污染源non-point pollution source敏感性分析sensitivity analysis膜分离装置membrane seperator膜选择性membrane selectivity膜污染membrane foulting膜中毒membrane poisoningN难生物降解有机物nonbiodegradable organies尼龙nylon逆流漂洗counter-current washing逆流式冷却塔counterflow cooling tower逆流再生counter-current regeneration粘胶rayon酿酒废水winery wastewater酿造与发酵工业废水brewery and fermentation industrial wastewater 凝聚coagulation凝聚剂coagulant牛奶生产废水dairy wastewater浓缩concentration浓缩倍数cycle of concentration浓缩池thickening tank浓缩污泥concentrated sludge农田灌溉水质标准standards for irrigation water quality农用污泥中污染物控制标准contaminants control standard for sludge farming农药pesticide农药厂废水pesticide plant wastewaterP排泥系统sludge - discharge system排水量discharge排水管drain pipe排水口outlet排水系统sewer system排污blowdown泡沫分离foam phase separation配水网管distribution system ,pipe system喷灌spray irrigation喷水池spray pond皮革leather啤酒废水brewery wastewater啤酒废水处理brewery wastewater treatment漂白bleaching平板式膜plate membrane平板式叶轮曝气器plate impellar aerator平衡吸附容量equilibrium adsorption capacity平流式沉砂池horizontal flow grlt removal tank 平流式沉淀池horizontal flow sedimentation tank 普通生物滤池biological filter,trickling filter曝气aeration曝气沉砂池aeration grit chamber曝气池aeration tank曝气栅aeration boom曝气设备aeration equipment曝气时间aeration time曝气装置,曝气机aerator。

水处理常用名词中英文对照水处理常用名词中英文对照1、给水工程water supply engineering原水的取集和处理以及成品水输配的工程。

2、排水工程sewerage ,wastewater engineering收集、输送、处理和处置废水的工程。

3、给水系统water supply system给水的取水、输水、水质处理和配水等设施以一定方式组合成的总体。

4、排水系统sewerage system排水的收集、输送、水质处理和排放等设施以一定方式组合成的总体。

5、给水水源water source给水工程所取用的原水水体。

6、原水raw water由水源地取来的原料水。

7、地表水surface water 存在于地壳表面，暴露于大气的水。

8、地下水ground water存在于地壳岩石裂缝或工壤空隙中的水。

9、苦咸水(碱性水) brackish water ,alkaline water碱度大于硬度的水，并含大量中性盐，PH值大于7。

10、淡水fresh water含盐量小于500mg/L的水。

11、冷却水cooling water用以降低被冷却对象温度的水。

12、废水wastewater居民活动过程中排出的水及径流雨水的总称。

它包括生活污水、工业废水和初雨径流以及流入排水管渠的其它水。

13、污水sewage ,wastewater受一定污染的来自生活和生产的排出水。

14、用水量water consumption 用水对象实际使用的水量。

-15、污水量wastewater flow ,sewage flow排水对象排入污水系统的水量。

16、用水定额water flow norm对不同的排水对象，在一定时期内制订相对合理的单位排水量的数值。

17、排水定额wastewater flow norm对不同的排水对象，在一定时期内制订相对合理的单位排水量的数值。

18、水质water quality在给水排水工程中，水的物理、化学、生物学等方面的性质。

污水处理英语词汇 AA/A/O 法anaerobic-anoxic-oxicprocess(厌氧-缺氧-好氧法)A-A-O 生物脱氮除磷工艺 A-A-O biological nitrogen andphosphorus removal process A-O 脱氮工艺 A-Onitrogen removal process A-O 除磷工艺 A-Ophosphorus removal process AB 法 Adsorption Biodegradation process(吸附生物降解法)总a 放射线 Total a radioactivity氨氮 ammonia-nitrogen 氨基酸 amino acid氨化反应 Nitragen铵盐 ammonium saltA/O 法(厌氧-好氧法)anaerobic-oxic process奥贝尔(Orbal)型氧化沟Orbal oxidation ditchB巴登福脱氮除磷工艺Ｂardenpho nitrogen and phosphorus removal process白水(漂洗废水) whitewater(bleaching water) 板框压滤 plate pressure filtration离心机 centrifugal machine半渗透膜semi-permeable membrane棒状杆菌属corynebacterium薄膜式淋水填料 filmpacking饱和常数(Ks) saturationconstant 暴雨公式 storm flowformula 暴雨径流 storm runoff溢流井 overflow well苯 benzene苯胺 aniline总B 放射性 Total Bradioactivity泵型叶轮暴气器 paddleimpeller aerator泵站 pumping stationBMTS 型一体化氧化沟BMTS intrachannel clarifieroxidation ditch 闭路循环 closed loop表面冲洗 surfacewashing表面负荷 surface load表面过滤 surfacefiltration 表面活性剂 surfactant表面活性物质 surface active additive agent表面曝气 surface aeration表面曝气器 surface aerator表面淹灌 surface flood irrigation表面冲洗装置 surface washing facility丙烯酸 acrylic acid 丙烯腈 acrylonitrile病毒 virus病原菌(致病菌) pathogen 病原微生物 pathogen microorganismBOD-污泥负荷BOD-sludge load补充水 make-up water 布朗运动 Brownian movement C财务评价 financial evaluation配水系统 distribution system侧渠型一体化氧化沟 integrated oxidation ditchwith side ditch产氢气乙酸菌 Rydrogenes and acetic aidgenes产甲烷细菌methanogenes产率系数 yield coefficient常规给水处理工艺 conventional water treatmentprocesses敞开式循环冷却水系统 opened recirculating coolingwater system超高纯水ultra-high-purify water超过滤 ultrafiltration超过滤膜法ultrafiltration membrane process沉淀 precipitation, sedimentation沉淀池 sedimentationtank沉砂池 grit chamber城市废水 municipalwastewater城市废水处理 municipal wastewater treatment澄清 clalification可持续发展 sustainable development充满度 degree of fullness重现期 exceedion interval, period of recurrence抽风式机械通风冷却塔 induced draft mechanical cooling tower臭氧发生器 ozone generator臭氧法 ozonation process臭氧消毒 ozonedisinfection 初次(级)沉淀池 primary clarifier, primarysedimentation tank除水器 drift eliminator除铁除锰 iron and manganese removal 除盐水(脱盐水) desalted water,demineralized water 除渣 desilication, silica removal除藻 algal removal 除氟 algal fluorine穿透曲线 penetration curve活性污泥法 activatedsludge process 生物脱氮工艺 biological nitrogen remo process船型一体化氧化沟 BoatType in intrachannelclarifier oxidation ditc纯(富)氧曝气法pure-oxygen aeration pro磁凝结 magnetic coagulation磁盘法 magnetic diskprocess 磁过滤法 magneticfierration process萃取 extraction萃取剂 extractant D 达西定律 Darcy ’s law大肠菌群Coliform-group bacteria大气泡曝气装置 large bubble aerator代谢 metabolism带式过滤 belt press filtration]单级传统消化池 single-stage conventional digester单螺旋式曝气装置single spiral aerator 氮 nitrogen氮循环 nitrogen cycle 蛋白质 protein倒虹管 inverted siphon 低放射性废物 low-level radio active waste 制浆废水 kraft mill wastewater敌百虫 dipterex敌敌畏 dichlorvos 涤纶纤维 polyester fiber地表漫流系统 overland flow system(OF)地表水 surface water地面（表）水环境质量标准 environmental quality standard for surface water地下滤场 underground filtration field地下渗漏 underground percolation地下渗滤系统 subsurface infiltrationsystem地下水 groundwater人工湿地系统artificial(constructed)wetland再生水回流地下水质标准water quality standard forrecharging parifiedwastewater water into groundwateraquifer地下水位 underground water level淀粉生产废水 starch producing wastewater点滴-薄膜式淋水填料splash-film packing点滴式淋水填料 splash packing 点污染源 pointpollufion source 电动电位electromotance potential电镀废水electroplating wastewater电极 electrode电解法 electrolyticalprocess电流密度 eletronic density电渗析 electrodialysis 电渗析器electrodialyzer电晕放电 brush discharge动态年成本 dynamic annual cost动植物油 oil and grease 对硫磷 parathion 多层床 multibed 多环芳烃 polycyclichydracarban 多氯联苯polychlorinated biphenyls(PCBs) E二次(级)沉淀池secondary clarifier, secondary sedimentation 二级处理 secondarytratament F 乏燃料 spent fuel 反冲洗 black washing反渗透（逆渗透）reverse osmosis 反渗透法 reverseosmosis process反渗透膜 reverse osmosis membrane反硝化，脱氮denitrification防止腐蚀 corrosion prevention纺丝 spining 纺织废水 textile wastewater放射性半衰期radioactive half-life放射性废水处理 radioactive wastewatertreatment放射性排出物radioactive effluent非点源污染（面源污染）non-point source pollution非离子氨 non-ionic ammonia废水处理 wastewater treatment废水中和neutralization of wastewaters分离 separation分流制 separate system分流排水系统separated sewer system酚 phenol焚烧 incineration 风吹损失 windageloss风筒式冷却塔chimmey cooling tower封闭循环系统 closedrecirculation system氟化物 fluoride辐射流沉淀池 radial flow sedimentation tank浮盖式消化池floating-cover digester气浮 flotation 福斯特利帕除磷工艺 Phostrip phosphorus removal process福列德克斯脱氮除磷工艺 Phoredox nitrogen and phosphorus removal process 腐蚀 corrosion富营养化eutrophication富营养化湖泊、水库 eutrophic lake,eutrophicreservoirGr 射线 gamma rays 甘蔗废水 sugarcanewastewater 干化 drying干化床 drying bed冷却塔 cooling tower钢铁工业废水 iron and steel mill wastewater高纯水 ultrapure water 高放废物 high-level radio active wastes高份子电解质polymolecular electrolye高份子絮凝剂polymolecular floc高负荷活性污泥法 high-loading activatedsludge method高负荷生物滤池 high loading biological filte高炉煤气洗涤水wastewater produced fromscrubbing blast furnacegas高锰酸盐指数 potassium permanganate index高速消化池 high-rate digester高梯度磁分离器(HGMS) high grade magnegic separator高浊度水 high turbiditywater 格栅 bar screen 隔板反应池 bafflereaction tank隔板式混合槽 baffle mixer隔油池 oil separator 镉 cadmium铬 chromium给水泵站 water pumping station给水处理 water treatment给水网管系统 water supply system工业水处理与循环系统industrial water treatment and recirculation system工业废水 industrial wastewater汞 mercury鼓风曝气 blast aeration 鼓风式机械通风冷却塔 forced draft mechanicalcooling tower固定螺旋式曝气装置fixed spiral aerator景观、娱乐水体landscape and recreation waterbody管道接口 conduit joint 给水配水系统 watersupply piping distribution system网管平差 balancingnetwok 罐头生产废水 Cannerywastewater硅藻土 cilicious mar H海水淡化demineralization of sea water含酚废水 phenol contained wastewater含水量 moisture content含盐量 saline capacity 含油废水 oily wastewater旱流污水量(DWF)dry-weather flow 好氧生物处理 aerobicbiological treatment 好氧塘 aerobic pond 好氧稳定 aerobic stabilization合成洗涤剂 synthetic detergent合成纤维 synthetic fiber合成纤维废水 synthetic fiber wastewater 合成橡胶 synthetic rubber合流城市废水 combinedmunicipal wastewater合流制排水系统combined sewer system水体功能分类 waterbodyfunction classification核能工厂 nuclear power station核燃料循环 nuclear fuel cycle核素 nuclide冶金工业废水metallurgical industrywastewater黑液 black liquor 黑液除硅sillica-elimination fromblack liquid虹吸滤池 siphon filter 化学处理 chemicaltreatment化学工业 chemicalindustry化学吸附 chemicaladsorption 化学纤维 chemical fiber化学需氧量 chemicaloxygen demand (COD)环状管网系统 grid pipe network system缓蚀 corrosion inhibition缓蚀剂 corrosion inhibitor磺化煤 sulfonated coal 挥发酚 volatile phenol 回流比 recycle ratio 回流污泥率 return sludge ratio汇水面积 catchment area, collection area混合 mixing混合床 miced bed 混合液挥发性悬浮固体mixed liquor volatile suspended solids(MLVSS) 混合液悬浮固体 mixed liquor suspended solids(MLSS)混凝 coagulation 混凝沉淀coagulation-sedimentation 混凝剂 coagulant 浑浊度 tubidity活化产物 activation products硅酸钠 sodium silicate 活性剂 activator活性染料 active dye 活性炭 activated carbon活性炭的再生re-generation of activated carbon活性炭吸附 activecarbon adsorption活性污泥 activated sludge 活性污泥法 activatedsludge process 活性污泥负荷 activatedsludge loading活性污泥驯化acclimation of activatedsludge J机械反应池 mechanicalreactor机械剪切曝气装置mechanical shearing aerator机械搅拌 mechanicalmixing机械搅拌澄清池accelerator机械曝气 mechanicalaeration机械通风冷却塔mechanical draft cooling tower 机械脱水 mechanicaldewatering极化现象 polarization级配 granularcomposition集水池 collection well集中处理(合并处理)joint treatment计算机 computer 计算机辅助设计computer aid design加速过滤器accelo-filter加压气化 pressure-gasification甲基对硫磷 parathion methyl甲醛 formaldehyde甲烷 methane甲烷发酵 methane fermentation 甲烷气体 methane gas间歇式活性污泥系统sequencing batch reactoractivated sludge system(蒹性塘 facultative pond检查井 manhole 减压薄膜蒸发法decreasing pressure andthin-film evaporation process碱法制浆 soda pulping process浆粕 pulp降雨历时 duration of rainfall降雨量,降水precipitation浇洒道路用水 street flushing water焦化废水 coking wastewater交替工作式氧化沟alternative operating oxidation ditch交替运行的生物滤池alternative operating trickling filter胶体 colloid阶段曝气 step aeration 接触池 contact chamber 接触氧化法 contactoxidation process 结垢 scale节水 water saving 锦纶纤维 polyamide fiber腈纶纤维 acrylic fiber 精制塘(深度处理塘) polishing pond经济效益 economic benefit径流系数 runoff coefficent静态年成本 static annuity cost景观娱乐用水水质标准 water quality standard forlandscape and recreation area酒精工业 alcoholdistilery就地处理系统(小型处理)on-site treatment systems(small scale facilities)聚丙烯酰胺polyacrylamide聚丙烯酰胺水解体polyacrylamide hydrolysis product聚合 polymerize聚合度 polymerizingdegree聚合氯化铝polyaluminum chloride均衡池(塘) equalizaliontank(basin,lagoon)K卡罗塞式氧化沟Corrousel oxidation ditchK 型叶轮曝气机 K type impeller aerator凯式氮 kjeldahlnitrogen空气驱动式生物转盘aero biological disks孔隙率 porosity快滤池 rapid filter快速渗滤系统 rapid infiltration system(RI) 矿井 shaft(mine)矿区 mining area 矿区环境 mining area environment 矿山废水 minery wasterwater矿山酸性废水 acid minewastewater 扩散板 diffusion plate扩散管 diffusion tube扩散盘(罩) diffusion disc(cover) L乐果 dimethoate冷凝 condensation 冷凝水 condensate water 冷却 cooling冷却池 cooling pond 冷却塔 cooling tower 冷却塔配水系统 coolingtower distribution system 冷却循环水 circulated cooling water冷轧 cold steel -rolling离心泵 centrifugal pump 离心 centrifugation force离心机 centrifugal machine离心脱水 centrifugal dewatering离心作用centrifugation离子交换 ion exchange离子交换剂 ion exchanger离子交换膜 ion exchangemembrane离子交换树脂 ion exchange resin粒径 grain size砾石承托层 gravel support炼钢厂废水steel-making process wastewater炼铁 iron-smelting 炼铁(高炉)废水 blast furnace wastewater炼油厂废水 refineryprocessing waserwater淋滤 leaching淋水密度 waterdrenching density淋水面积 waterdrenching aera淋水填料 packing磷 phosphorus 磷酸盐 phosphate生物流化床 Biologicalfluidized bed硫化物 sulphide硫化物沉淀法 precipitation with sulphide硫酸铵 ammonium sulfate硫酸钙 Calcium sulfate 硫酸铝 aluminum sulfate 硫酸镁 magnesiumsulfate硫酸铁 ferric sulfate 硫酸亚铁 ferrous sulfate硫酸盐 sulfate 硫循环 sulphur cycle 铝酸钠 sodium aluminate 滤层 filter layer滤池冲洗水量 filter washing water consumptio滤池配水系统 filterunderdrain system滤池运行周期 filtercycle time滤床 filter bed 滤料 filtering medium滤速 filtration rate 滤液 filtrate 氯 chlorine氯-氨法chlorine-ammonia process氯化,加氯处理 chlorination氯化物 Chlorides螺旋桨式快速搅拌机 propeller-type high speeagitatorM马拉硫磷 malathion脉冲澄清池 pulsator慢滤池 slowfilter慢速渗滤系统 slow rate infiltration system (SR) 煤气 coal gas 煤气厂 gas work煤气发生器 coal gas generator煤气发生站 gasgeneration station 煤气净化 coal gas purification煤炭 coal 锰 manganse米门公式 Michaelis - Menten equation莫诺德公式 Monod equation密闭式循环冷却水系统closed recirculating cooling water system密集多喷嘴曝气装置compact multinozzle aerator 面污染源 non-point pollution source敏感性分析 sensitivity analysis膜分离装置 membrane seperator膜选择性 membrane selectivity膜污染 membrane foulting膜中毒 membrane poisoningN难生物降解有机物nonbiodegradable organies 尼龙 nylon逆流漂洗counter-current washing 逆流式冷却塔counterflow cooling tower逆流再生counter-current regeneration粘胶 rayon酿酒废水 winery wastewater酿造与发酵工业废水 brewery and fermentation industrial wastewater凝结 coagulation凝结剂 coagulant牛奶生产废水 dairywastewater 浓缩 concentration浓缩倍数 cycle of concentration浓缩池 thickening tank浓缩污泥 concentrated sludge农田灌溉水质标准 standards for irrigationwater quality农用污泥中污染物控制标准 contaminants controlstandard for sludge farm农药 pesticide 农药厂废水 pesticideplant wastewaterP排泥系统 sludge - discharge system排水量 discharge排水管 drain pipe排水口 outlet排水系统 sewer system排污 blowdown泡沫分离 foam phaseseparation配水网管 distributionsystem ,pipe system 喷灌 spray irrigation喷水池 spray pond 皮革 leather 啤酒废水 brewery wastewater啤酒废水处理 brewery wastewater treatment漂白 bleaching平板式膜 plate membrane平板式叶轮曝气器 plate impellar aerator平衡吸附容量equilibrium adsorption capacity平流式沉砂池 horizontal flow grlt removal tank平流式沉淀池horizontal flow sedimentation tank 普通生物滤池biological filter,trickling filter曝气 aeration曝气沉砂池 aerationgrit chamber曝气池 aeration tank曝气栅 aeration boom曝气设备 aerationequipment曝气时间 aeration time曝气装置,曝气机aerator居民生活垃圾 HouseholdWaste庫底平整線 bottom flattingline of the site庫區填埋邊線 landfill sideline of the site庫容 Storage capacity垃圾 Waste ，Solid Waste 垃圾壩 waste dam 垃圾殘渣 residue垃圾槽 waste chute 垃圾層 waste layer 垃圾產量 Waste output垃圾堆肥場 waste compostingfield 垃圾堆體 waste pile 垃圾副壩 secondary waste dam 垃圾揀選場 Waste Sorting Site垃圾氣化 waste gasification垃圾采集車 waste collector垃圾桶 garbage ，rubbishbarrel垃圾箱 garbage container 垃圾壓實系統 wastecompactor system垃圾衍生燃料 Refuse-derivedfuel (RDF)垃圾衍生燃料 waste derivedfuel垃圾轉運車 waste transfer truck垃圾轉運站 waste transferstation垃圾裝卸坡 waste loadingramp離心脫水機 centrifugaldewaterer鈉基膨潤土 sodium bentonite農業廢棄物 AgriculturalWaste 濃縮池 thickening tank 排放 discharge排泥閥 sludge valve排水口 Drain Outlet 膨潤土 bentonite熱解 Pyrolysis 溶解氧測定儀（DO 計） dissolved oxygen meter （DO meter ） 砂水分離機 grit-water splitter 商業垃圾 Commercial Waste 上橫沖填埋場 ShanghengchongLandfill Site上清液 supernatant liquor設備選型 Type selection of equipment 滲濾液（垃圾滲濾液） leachate 滲濾液處理 leachatetreatment滲濾液處理站 Leachate Treatment Station滲濾液采集及導排氣系統平面圖 Plan of Leachate Collection and Guiding a Exhaust System 滲濾液采集盲溝 blind drain for leachate collection精品文档精品文档 生活垃圾 Domestic waste 生活垃圾焚燒污染控制標准 Standard for Pollution Control on the Municipal Solid Waste Incineration 剩余污泥 excess sludge 剩余污泥泵 excess sludge pump 輸渣機 clinker conveyer 豎向石籠 vertical stone cage雙層防滲結構 double-linersystem水位 water level提升泵站 lift pumpingstation填埋（垃圾） Landfill填埋場 Landfill site填埋場封場 seal of landfillsite填埋場總體布置圖 GeneralLayout of Landfill Site填埋場縱斷面示意圖 SketchMap of Landfill Site VerticalSection填埋庫區 Landfill Area填埋庫區平面布置圖 PlaneLayout of Landfill Area1:1000填埋氣 Landfill gas砼 concrete圖例 legend土工合成材料黏土墊層Geosynthetics Clay Liner(GCL)土工膜 geomembrane脫水機 dewaterer脫水機房 dewatering house衛生填埋 sanitary landfill渦流沉砂池（旋流沉砂池）vortex grit tank污泥泵房 sludge pumping room污泥處理 sludge treatment污泥處理流程示意圖 FlowChart of Sewage TreatmentProcess污泥管線 sludge pipeline 污泥濃度計（MLSS 計） sludge concentration meter （MLSS meter ） 污泥濃縮及脫水機房 Sludge Thickening & Dewatering House污泥脫水車間 sludge dewatering workshop 污水泵 sewage pump 污水處理 sewage treatment 污水處理厂 Wastewater Treatment Plant 污水處理流程示意圖 Sewage Treatment Process Sketch Map 污水管線 sewage pipeline 污水水面 wastewater surface 無線傳輸 wireless transmission 吸水井 suction well 消毒池 disinfecting tank 新聯村熊家窯 Xiongjiayao, Xinliancun 序批式活性污泥法（SBR 法） Sequence Batch Reactor 選型 Type selection 壓縮式垃圾車 waste compactors 厭氧、缺氧、好氧 Anaerobic, Anoxic, Aerobic Underwater Blender 厭氧堆肥 anaerobic composting 厭氧發酵 methane fermentation; anaerobic fermentation 厭氧流化床反應器 anaerobic fluidized bed 厭氧流化床反應器 anaerobic fluidized bed 氧化溝 oxidation ditch 氧化溝 oxidation ditch 葉輪曝氣機 impeller aerator 一級發酵（初級發酵） primary fermentation醫院垃圾 Hospital Waste 營養土層 nutritious soil layer預留垃圾綜合利用生產用地Reserved Waste Comprehensive Utility and Production L再生 reclamation 柵渣 sediment 黏土層 clay layer 支盲溝 blind sub-drain 至垃圾填埋場 to the waste landfill site 終期覆土 terminal earth covering 主盲溝 main blind drain 自控系統 autonomous system 自然土層 natural soil layer。

污水治理的英语作文Sewage treatment is an important process in maintaining the health and safety of our environment. With the increasing population and industrialization, the amount of sewage produced has also increased, making it crucial to have effective sewage treatment methods in place.There are several methods of sewage treatment, including physical, chemical, and biological processes. In the physical treatment, sewage is passed through screens and grit chambers to remove large objects and debris. Then, it undergoes a process called sedimentation where the heavy solids settle at the bottom, forming sludge, while the lighter solids float on the surface, forming scum. The next step is biological treatment, which involves the use of microorganisms to break down the organic matter in the sewage. This process can take place in either aerobic or anaerobic conditions. In aerobic conditions, microorganisms use oxygen to break down the organic matter, while in anaerobic conditions, they work in the absence of oxygen.Chemical treatment is often used as a final step in sewage treatment to remove any remaining contaminants. Thiscan involve the use of chemicals such as chlorine or ozone to disinfect the water and remove pathogens. Once the sewage has undergone these processes, it can be safely released back into the environment without causing harm to human health or the ecosystem.In addition to these traditional methods, there are also emerging technologies in sewage treatment, such as membrane bioreactors and advanced oxidation processes, which are more efficient and environmentally friendly. These technologies can further improve the quality of treated sewage and reduce the impact on the environment.Proper sewage treatment is essential for protecting public health and the environment. Untreated sewage can contaminate water sources, leading to the spread of waterborne diseases and harming aquatic life. It can also contribute to pollution and eutrophication of water bodies, leading to algal blooms and dead zones. Therefore,investing in effective sewage treatment infrastructure is crucial for sustainable development and the well-being of communities.污水治理是维护环境健康和安全的重要过程。

第十五课洗发水洗发水的定义是“适合洗涤头发、包装使用方便的洗涤剂”，为适应不同需求，无论是最普通产品，还是尖端产品，最洗发水的各种技术已经发生了翻天覆地的变化，其主要功能已经不仅仅是清洁。

早在1955年，一项调查结果就显示“女性对洗发水的要求除了清洁之外，还包括冲洗简单，使头发具有光泽、易于打理、防干枯”。

与此同时，有人还强调，洗发水的另一发展趋势就是对其中所用表面活性剂的要求，要求配方中的表面活性剂对皮肤的影响较为轻微，如不慎入眼，对眼睛不会产生任何刺痛作用。

普通的阴离子型洗涤剂似乎能够导致头发不愉快的“洗后效应”，大致与其去除油脂的能力成正比，但很多其他能够去除油脂的物质不会使发质明显变坏。

因此，如果用乙醚或三氯乙烯处理头发，发现其去除油脂能力非常迅速，且不会有其它副作用。

头发仍会顺滑、有光泽、并且易于梳理和定型。

在表面活性剂中，既发现了一些去污能力弱但却严重损害发质的，同时也发现了一些洗涤效果非常彻底而又对头发没有伤害的。

因此，洗涤效果和对发质的损伤之间并无直接的联系，这主要取决于从事化妆品研究的化学家要找到去污和发质保持之间的平衡关系。

除了需要考虑洗涤效果和发质保持之间的关系外，还必须考虑该类型的市场需求。

油性发质的人群对洗发水去油污能力的要求可能较高，洗发水的作用时效要求至少能维持3到4天，干性发质的人可能对此不那么严格。

但是，即使是干性发质的人，也会有一些油脂需要去除。

在任何时候，人们都想有一个深层清理洗涤过程，特别是女性，在洗发的过程中，她们往往会想去掉一些日常积累下来的皮屑、污垢、汗渍、烹饪气味、头皮屑、环境污染物等等。

实际上，这也是人们对洗发水的必然要求，既是一个合适的洗涤剂，同时也应该在用后使头发易于梳理，并有一个健康的外观。

这些是描述洗发剂类型的两种基本性质，也就是众所周知的“调理性”和“温和性”性质，如今，洗发水配方设计师把它们作为不可或缺的性质，附加于最初的“洗涤”性能上。

护肤: skin care：洗面奶: facial cleanser/face wash (Foaming,milky,cream,Gel)爽肤水: toner/astringent（紧肤水 firming lotion，柔肤水 toner/smoothing toner） facial mist/facial spray/complexion mist护肤霜: moisturizers and creams（保湿 moisturizer，隔离霜，防晒 sun screen/sun block，美白whitening，露 lotion，霜 cream，日霜 day cream，晚霜 night cream）眼霜: eye gel面膜: facial mask/masque眼膜: eye mask磨砂膏: facial scrub去黑头: (deep) pore cleanser/striper pore refining去死皮: Exfoliating Scrub润肤露（身体）: body lotion/moisturizer护手霜: hand lotion/moisturizer沐浴露: body wash彩妆: cosmetics：遮瑕膏: concealer粉底: foundation (compact,stick)粉饼: pressed powder（散粉 loose powder，闪粉 shimmering powder/glitter 眉粉: brow powder, （眉笔）brow pencil眼线液:（眼线笔）liquid eye liner, eye liner眼影: eye shadow睫毛膏: mascara唇线笔: lip liner唇膏: lip color/lipstick（笔状 lip pencil，膏状 lip lipstick，盒装 lipcolor/lip gloss）唇彩: lip gloss/lip color腮红: blush卸装水: makeup remover卸装乳: makeup removing lotion帖在身上的小亮片: body art指甲: manicure/pedicure:指甲油-去甲油: nail polish, nail polish remover发: hair products/accessories：洗发水: shampoo护发素: hair conditioner锔油膏: conditioning hairdressing/hairdressing gel /treatment摩丝: mousse 发胶: styling gel染发: hair color冷烫水: perm/perming formula卷发器: rollers/perm rollersVocabulary 注释 1．Perm n．即“permanent wave”烫发，亦可做动词。

Sewage treatmentSewage treatment, or domestic wastewatertreatment, is the process of removing contaminantsfrom wastewater and household sewage, bothrunoff (effluents) and domestic. It includesphysical, chemical, and biological processes toremove physical, chemical and biologicalcontaminants. Its objective is to produce a wastestream (or treated effluent) and a solid waste orsludge suitable for discharge or reuse back into theenvironment. This material is often inadvertentlycontaminated with many toxic organic andinorganic compounds.Origins of sewageSewage is created by residences, institutions, and commercial and industrial establishments. Raw influent (sewage) includes household waste liquid from toilets, baths, showers, kitchens, sinks, and so forth that is disposed of via sewers. In many areas, sewage also includes liquid waste from industry and commerce. The separation and draining of household waste into greywater and blackwater is becoming more common in the developed world, with greywater being permitted to be used for watering plants or recycled for flushing toilets. A lot of sewage also includes some surface water from roofs or hard-standing areas. Municipal wastewater therefore includes residential, commercial, and industrial liquid waste discharges, and may include stormwater runoff. Sewage systems capable of handling stormwater are known as combined systems or combined sewers. Such systems are usually avoided since they complicate and thereby reduce the efficiency of sewage treatment plants owing to their seasonality. The variability in flow also leads to often larger than necessary, and subsequently more expensive, treatment facilities. In addition, heavy storms that contribute more flows than the treatment plant can handle may overwhelm the sewage treatment system, causing a spill or overflow. It is preferable to have a separate storm drain system for stormwater in areas that are developed with sewer systems.As rainfall runs over the surface of roofs and the ground, it may pick up various contaminants including soil particles and other sediment, heavy metals, organic compounds, animal waste, and oil and grease. Some jurisdictions require stormwater to receive some level of treatment before being discharged directly into waterways. Examples of treatment processes used for stormwater include sedimentation basins, wetlands, buried concrete vaults with various kinds of filters, and vortex separators (to remove coarse solids).Process overviewSewage can be treated close to where it is created (in septic tanks, biofilters or aerobic treatment systems), or collected and transported via a network of pipes and pump stations to a municipal treatment plant (see sewerage and pipes and infrastructure). Sewage collection and treatment istypically subject to local, state and federal regulations and standards. Industrial sources of wastewater often require specialized treatment processes (see Industrial wastewater treatment).Conventional sewage treatment may involve three stages, called primary, secondary and tertiary treatment. Primary treatment consists of temporarily holding the sewage in a quiescent basin where heavy solids can settle to the bottom while oil, grease and lighter solids float to the surface. The settled and floating materials are removed and the remaining liquid may be discharged or subjected to secondary treatment. Secondary treatment removes dissolved and suspended biological matter. Secondary treatment is typically performed by indigenous, water-bornemicro-organisms in a managed habitat. Secondary treatment may require a separation process to remove the micro-organisms from the treated water prior to discharge or tertiary treatment. Tertiary treatment is sometimes defined as anything more than primary and secondary treatment. Treated water is sometimes disinfected chemically or physically (for example by lagoons and microfiltration) prior to discharge into a stream, river, bay, lagoon or wetland, or it can be used for the irrigation of a golf course, green way or park. If it is sufficiently clean, it can also be used for groundwater recharge or agricultural purposes.Process Flow Diagram for a typical large-scale treatment plantPre-treatmentPre-treatment removes materials that can be easily collected from the raw wastewater before they damage or clog the pumps and skimmers of primary treatment clarifiers (trash, tree limbs, leaves, etc).ScreeningThe influent sewage water is strained to remove all large objects carried in the sewage stream. This is most commonly done with an automated mechanically raked bar screen in modern plants serving large populations, whilst in smaller or less modern plants a manually cleaned screen may be used. The raking action of a mechanical bar screen is typically paced according to the accumulation on the bar screens and/or flow rate. The solids are collected and later disposed in a landfill or incinerated.Grit removalPre-treatment may include a sand or grit channel or chamber where the velocity of the incoming wastewater is carefully controlled to allow sand, grit and stones to settle.Primary treatmentIn the primary sedimentation stage,sewage flows through large tanks,commonly called "primary clarifiers" or"primary sedimentation tanks". The tanksare large enough that sludge can settle andfloating material such as grease and oilscan rise to the surface and be skimmed off.The main purpose of the primarysedimentation stage is to produce both agenerally homogeneous liquid capable ofbeing treated biologically and a sludgethat can be separately treated or processed.Primary settling tanks are usuallyequipped with mechanically drivenscrapers that continually drive the collected sludge towards a hopper in the base of the tank from where it can be pumped to further sludge treatment stages. Grease and oil from the floating material can sometimes be recovered for saponification.Secondary treatmentSecondary treatment is designed to substantially degrade the biological content of the sewage which are derived from human waste, food waste, soaps and detergent. The majority of municipal plants treat the settled sewage liquor using aerobic biological processes. For this to be effective, the biota require both oxygen and a substrate on which to live. There are a number of ways in which this is done. In all these methods, the bacteria and protozoa consume biodegradable soluble organic contaminants (e.g. sugars, fats, organic short-chain carbon molecules, etc.) and bind much of the less soluble fractions into floc. Secondary treatment systems are classified as∙fixed-film or∙suspended-growth.Fixed-film OR attached growth system treatment process including trickling filter and rotating biological contactors where the biomass grows on media and the sewage passes over its surface.In suspended-growth systems, such as activated sludge, the biomass is well mixed with the sewage and can be operated in a smaller space than fixed-film systems that treat the same amount of water. However, fixed-film systems are more able to cope with drastic changes in the amount of biological material and can provide higher removal rates for organic material and suspended solids than suspended growth systems.Roughing filters are intended to treat particularly strong or variable organic loads, typically industrial, to allow them to then be treated by conventional secondary treatment processes. Characteristics include typically tall, circular filters filled with open synthetic filter media to which wastewater is applied at a relatively high rate. They are designed to allow high hydraulic loading and a high flow-through of air. On larger installations, air is forced through the media using blowers. The resultant wastewater is usually within the normal range for conventional treatment processes.Activated sludgeMain article: Activated sludgeIn general, activated sludge plantsencompass a variety of mechanisms andprocesses that use dissolved oxygen topromote the growth of biological floc thatsubstantially removes organic material.The process traps particulate material andcan, under ideal conditions, convertammonia to nitrite and nitrate and ultimatelyto nitrogen gas, (see also denitrification).Surface-aerated basinsMost biological oxidation processesfor treating industrial wastewatershave in common the use of oxygen (orair) and microbial action.Surface-aerated basins achieve 80 to90% removal of Biochemical OxygenDemand with retention times of 1 to10 days. The basins may range indepth from 1.5 to 5.0 metres and usemotor-driven aerators floating on thesurface of the wastewater.In an aerated basin system, theaerators provide two functions: they transfer air into the basins required by the biological oxidation reactions, and they provide the mixing required for dispersing the air and for contacting the reactants (that is, oxygen, wastewater and microbes). Typically, the floating surface aerators are rated to deliver the amount of air equivalent to 1.8 to 2.7 kg O2/kW·h. However, they do not provide as good mixing as is normally achieved in activated sludge systems and therefore aerated basins do not achieve the same performance level as activated sludge units.Biological oxidation processes are sensitive to temperature and, between 0 °C and 40 °C, the rate of biological reactions increase with temperature. Most surface aerated vessels operate at between 4 °C and 32 °C.Filter beds (oxidizing beds)Main article: Trickling filterIn older plants and plants receiving more variable loads, trickling filter beds are used where the settled sewage liquor is spread onto the surface of a deep bed made up of coke (carbonized coal), limestone chips or specially fabricated plastic media. Such media must have high surface areas to support the biofilms that form. The liquor is distributed through perforated rotating arms radiating from a central pivot. The distributed liquor trickles through this bed and is collected in drains at the base. These drains also provide a source of air which percolates up through the bed, keeping it aerobic. Biologica l films of bacteria, protozoa and fungi form on the media’s surfaces and eat or otherwise reduce the organic content. This biofilm is grazed by insect larvae and worms which help maintain an optimal thickness. Overloading of beds increases the thickness of the film leading to clogging of the filter media and ponding on the surface.Biological aerated filtersBiological Aerated (or Anoxic) Filter (BAF) or Biofilters combine filtration with biological carbon reduction, nitrification or denitrification. BAF usually includes a reactor filled with a filter media. The media is either in suspension or supported by a gravel layer at the foot of the filter. The dual purpose of this media is to support highly active biomass that is attached to it and to filter suspended solids. Carbon reduction and ammonia conversion occurs in aerobic mode and sometime achieved in a single reactor while nitrate conversion occurs in anoxic mode. BAF is operated either in upflow or downflow configuration depending on design specified by manufacturer.Membrane bioreactorsMembrane bioreactors (MBR) combine activated sludge treatment with a membrane liquid-solid separation process. The membrane component uses low pressure microfiltration or ultra filtration membranes and eliminates the need for clarification and tertiary filtration. The membranes are typically immersed in the aeration tank; however, some applications utilize a separate membrane tank. One of the key benefits of an MBR system is that it effectively overcomes the limitations associated with poor settling of sludge in conventional activated sludge (CAS) processes. The technology permits bioreactor operation with considerably higher mixed liquor suspended solids (MLSS) concentration than CAS systems, which are limited by sludge settling. The process is typically operated at MLSS in the range of 8,000–12,000 mg/L, while CAS are operated in the range of 2,000–3,000 mg/L. The elevated biomass concentration in the MBR process allows for very effective removal of both soluble and particulate biodegradable materials at higher loading rates. Thus increased Sludge Retention Times (SRTs) — usually exceeding 15 days — ensure complete nitrification even in extremely cold weather.The cost of building and operating an MBR is usually higher than conventional wastewater treatment. Membrane filters can be blinded with grease or abraded by suspended grit and lack a clarifier's flexibility to pass peak flows. The technology has become increasingly popular for reliably pretreated waste streams and has gainedwider acceptance where infiltration and inflowhave been controlled, however, and the life-cyclecosts have been steadily decreasing. The smallfootprint of MBR systems, and the high qualityeffluent produced, make them particularly usefulfor water reuse applications.There are MBR plants being built throughout theworld, including North Librty, Iowa, Georgia, andCanada.Secondary sedimentationThe final step in the secondary treatment stage is to settle out the biological floc or filter material and produce sewage water containing very low levels of organic material and suspended matter.Rotating biological contactorsMain article: Rotating biological contactorRotating biological contactors(RBCs) are mechanical secondarytreatment systems, which arerobust and capable ofwithstanding surges in organicload. RBCs were first installed inGermany in 1960 and have sincebeen developed and refined into areliable operating unit. Therotating disks support the growthof bacteria and micro-organismspresent in the sewage, whichbreakdown and stabilise organicpollutants. To be successful, micro-organisms need both oxygen to live and food to grow. Oxygen is obtained from the atmosphere as the disks rotate. As the micro-organisms grow, they build up on the media until they are sloughed off due to shear forces provided by the rotating discs in the sewage. Effluent from the RBC is then passed through final clarifiers where the micro-organisms in suspension settle as a sludge. The sludge is withdrawn from the clarifier for further treatment.A functionally similar biological filtering system has become popular as part of home aquarium filtration and purification. The aquarium water is drawn up out of the tank and then cascaded over a freely spinning corrugated fiber-mesh wheel before passing through a media filter and back into the aquarium. The spinning mesh wheel develops a biofilm coating of microorganisms that feed on the suspended wastes in the aquarium water and are also exposed to the atmosphere as the wheel rotates. This is especially good at removing waste urea and ammonia urinated into the aquarium water by the fish and other animals.。

有关化妆品领域的英文翻译3【分享】有关化妆品与保养品的英文翻译 1dry skin 干燥肌肤oily skin 油性肌肤young skin 年轻肌肤sensitive skin 敏感性肌肤normal skin 正常肌肤combinaiton skin 综合性肌肤t-zone t字型部位care products 保养品facial care products 脸部保养品facial mask 面膜peel off mask 撕去性面膜rinse off mask 冲洗性面膜intensive whitening mask 深度白净面膜gentle cleansing lotion gentle cleansing foam gentle cleansing soap 温和洗面乳(皂)gentle cleansing cream 温和洗面霜100% oil-free eye makeup remover 100%无油性眼部卸妆油eye make-up cleansing 眼部卸妆液gentle eye makeup remover 温和眼部卸妆(油/液/乳)instant eye and lip makeup remover 快速眼唇卸妆(油/液/乳)lotion toner toning water 化妆水clear lotion 美白化妆水ultra-brightening whitening lotion 明亮白皙化妆水refreshing lotion 焕采化妆水night cream night treatments 晚霜anti-wrinkle cream 抗皱霜recoup recovery cream 焕肤霜anti-aging moisturizer 抗老润肤(霜 / 凝?喱 / 乳液)eye cream eye care eye gel 眼霜activate eye cream 活化眼霜activate skin builder 肌肤活力精华(霜 / 凝?喱 / 乳液)brightening moisturizing gel 明亮润肤凝?喱brightening moisturizing emulsion 明亮润肤乳液t-zone balancing gel t字部位平衡凝?喱eye revitalizer 赋活眼(霜 / 凝?喱 / 乳液)eye soother anti-puffiness / dark circles 眼部清柔抗肿胀 / 黑眼圈(霜 / 凝?喱 / 乳液)make-up remover cleansing oil 卸妆油facial foam facial cleansing cream cleansers 洗面乳essence concentrate 精华液moisturizer lotion 乳液oil obsorbing sheet 吸油面纸lip balm chopstick lip conditioner 护唇膏water spray 保湿喷雾body care products 身体保养品fragrance parfum spray 香水body spray body splash 身体喷雾lanolin cream 绵羊油massage cream 按摩霜body cream 身体霜body butter 身体乳霜(油)body moisturing lotion 身体保湿乳液body lotion 身体乳液shower gel 沐浴凝?喱bath and massage oil 沐浴按摩油essential oil 精油body wash shower gel bathing gel 沐浴乳bouncing bubbles 泡泡浴凝?喱body scrub 身体去角质霜sun block sunscreen 防晒乳sunscreen spray 防晒喷雾self tanner oil 助晒油after-sun lotion 晒后乳液hand care products 手部保养品hand cream hand lotion 护手霜(乳液) hand cleanser 洗手乳nail polish crystal nail lacquer 指甲油fast-dry nail color 快干指甲油polish remover 去光水foot care products 腿部保养品foot scrub 腿部去角质霜foot 腿霜cracked heel treatment cream 脚后跟龟裂霜hair care products 头发保养品shampoo 洗发精conditioner 润发乳glossing shampoo 光泽洗发精glossing conditioner 光泽润发乳curls shampoo 卷发用洗发精curls conditioner 卷发用润发乳nourishing shampoo for dry/damaged hair 滋养洗发精(干性/受损发质适用)shine shampoo for formal 光泽洗发精(正常发质适用)balancing shampoo for formal 均衡洗发精(正常发质适用)technician shampoo 专业用洗发精technician conditioner 专业用润发乳technician color care mask 专业用护色发膜style glossing cream 造型亮泽霜mousse 慕丝curls wave creating spray 造型卷发喷雾curl enhancing gel 加强卷度造型?喱hair treatment hair essence essential oil 护发乳(护发精华)cosmetics 化妆品foundation cosmetics 底妆化妆品protect base block makeup base control base sun screen lotion face protecter 隔离霜correcting makeup base 遮瑕隔离霜foundation compact compact powder pressed powder foundation cake 粉饼 (注明”refill”可替换粉芯)brightening powder foundation 润色增亮粉饼pressed powder 蜜粉饼loose powder 蜜粉liquid foundation 粉底液glistening powder 珠光效果的蜜粉sensual skin enhancer sensual skin primer time balm concealer corrector concealer 饰底乳 / 霜(遮瑕膏 / 霜) liquid conceale遮瑕霜pen concealer遮瑕笔stick concealer 遮瑕膏条(can be worn alone or under foundation 可以单独使用也可以用于上粉底之前)(yellow corrects dark circles 黄色的遮瑕膏可以改善黑眼圈green corrects redness 绿色可以改善泛红)cream-to-powder foundation 粉凝霜blush blush powder cheek color 腮红饼cream blush creamy moist glow 腮红霜glitter shimmer 用于脸或身体的亮粉eye cosmetics 眼部化妆品eye shadow 眼影single eye shadow 单色眼影eye shadow duo 双色眼影trio eye shadow 三色眼影eye shadow pen 眼影笔eyeliner pencil eye liner 眼线笔liquid eyeliner 眼线液eye liner gel 眼线?喱mascara 睫毛膏exaggeration lengthening mascara 超长睫毛膏lashes intensifying mascara 睫毛增强睫毛膏curling mascara 卷俏睫毛膏eyebrow pencil 眉笔false lashes 假睫毛lip cosmetics 唇部化妆品lip pencil 唇笔long-lasting lipstick 持久唇膏lipstick rouge 唇膏strictly sheer moisturizing lipstick 薄透水润唇膏pure reflection ultra-shine lipstick 超亮泽唇膏wet pearl lipstick 保湿珠光唇膏lip gloss lacquer luster lip balm 唇蜜double-ended lip gloss 两端都有的唇蜜mouth-watering lip gloss 超水感唇蜜shine lip lacquer lip shine lip polish 唇亮油plump your pucker lip plumper plump lip enhancer lip plumper lip balm soothing lip buffer 护唇膏lip kit lip palette 唇彩盘accessories 配件cosmetic bags cosmetic case makeup bags makeup case 化妆包mirrors 镜子eye shadow brush 眼影刷double-ended eyelining brush 双头的眼线刷eyelash curler 睫毛夹lash definer 睫毛刷brow & lash comb 眉毛&睫毛刷lip brush 唇刷pencil sharpener 削笔机blush brush face blender brush 腮红刷retractable blush brush 可伸缩的腮红刷powder brush 蜜粉刷brush cleaner 刷具清洁液hair brush comb 梳子cotten puff for make-up cotton pads 化妆棉powder puff 粉扑hair tweezers 拔毛钳cotton balls 棉花球sponge 海绵eyebrow groomer 眉毛刷foot file 脚指甲挫刀makeup disk face kit face paint palette 彩妆盘(包含唇彩,眼影,腮红等刷具组)alpha hydroxy acid 果酸collagen protein ?喱原蛋白non-greasy 不油腻fragrance free 无香味waterproof 防水效果hydrating 保湿moisturizer 滋润whitening brightening 美白scrub exfoliant exfoliating 去角质rejuvenating revitalizing 活肤wrinkle treatment 抗皱firming 紧肤softening 软化detoxifying 排毒anti-aging 抗老化sign treatment 去斑blemish control 控制痘疤acne treatment 治痘anti-acne 抗痘。

【最新2019】高中英语语法-sewage treatment 污水治理-word范文模板本文部分内容来自网络整理，本司不为其真实性负责，如有异议或侵权请及时联系，本司将立即删除！== 本文为word格式，下载后可方便编辑和修改！ == 高中英语语法-sewage treatment 污水治理sewage treatment 污水治理今后五年，中国投入环保领域的资金总额将达到约 1.4万亿元人民币，投资将主要集中在水污染、大气环境、固体废物等领域。

请看《中国日报》相关报道：China plans to invest 1.4 trillion yuan （ US $175 billion ）in environmental protection between 201X and 201X. At a cost of 180 billion yuan ， sewage treatment facilities with a combined daily capacity of 40 million tons will be built in 10 river valleys to dispose of wastewater discharged by cities .城市的污水处理常用 sewage treatment 来表达， sewage 指污水。

由此，生活污水可用 domestic sewage 来形容，而工业污水则是industrial sewage . Sewage 做污水更侧重指下水道、排水沟排出的固体、液体废物，所以，与生活息息相关的化粪池可表示为 sewage tank .看下面一个例句： Sewage treatment methods vary .（污水处理的方法多种多样。

）另外，由报道，我们可看出污水处理设备是 sewage treatment facilities ，不过单个单词 sewerage 也可表达词义。

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英文回答：Sewage treatment is an important part of the national environmental protection policy and the removal of hazardous substances from sewage through a series of processes to meet certain emission standards and protect the environment and human health。

In order to achieve a level 1a standard sewage treatment target， there must be rigorous pre—treatment of household sewage， including glazing and sand removal。

Grid slags are used to intercept large particulate impurities from sewage through mechanical devices to avoid congestion or damage to subsequent treatment processes。

Sediment sand removal uses gravity to sink particles in sewage to the bottomof the pond， reducing interference with subsequent processes。

Chemical pre—treatment of industrial effluents， including PH—regulating and adhesives， is also required to remove hazardous substances such as heavy metal ion and suspensions and to lay the foundation for subsequent biological treatment。

TRUE GRIT WATER/WASTE TREATMENT GUIDE2 | | 1.888.429.4635At Hayward Flow Control, we understand themagnitude and impact water has in our everyday life. Equally important? Safety, efficiency and reliability. There’s no margin for error. That’s why we leave nothing to chance.Hayward ® Flow Control has been a leadingmanufacturer of industrial thermoplastic valves and process control products for more than 60 years. In fact, Hayward was one of the originators of the first thermoplastic ball valves. Since then, we have remained committed to producing the highest quality products while providing outstanding service. 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Our Computer Aided Design (CAD) system, linked to finite element software, provides accurate and essential stress analysis. Hayward valves are designed to be strong, with material where it counts allowing years of service. It’s why we’re trusted in some of the most strenuous environments in the world: mining, power generation, oil and gas, and more.W ORLD CLASS QUALITY As an ISO 9001:2015 certified company, Hayward Flow Control adheres to the strictest guidelines relative to component manufacture, assembly and testing. We employ the latest manufacturing technologies and continue to invest in new equipment and tooling. Our reputation for quality and reliability is unmatched. In addition to a tradition of quality and expertise, Hayward’s highly qualified field sales organization also provides customer assistance, training and field support.TRUSTED DELIVERY & RESULTSHayward specializes in large-scale flow control — and large-scale production. 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With manufacturing on American soil, Hayward FlowControl is well equipped to meet your needs, all with a global, industry-leading three-year warranty.LEADING AMERICAN SOLUTIONHAYWARD KNOWS WATER TREATMENTTrue Union Ball Valves 1/2" to 6" / DN8-150 PVC, CPVC True Union Ball Valves1/2" to 6" / DN15-150 PVC, CPVCProportional ControlTrue Union Ball Valves1/2" to 6" / DN15-150 PVC, CPVC CPVCEPDMPTFEBODY SEALS SEATSMATERIALSPVCCPVCEPDMPTFEBODY SEALS SEATSMATERIALSPVCCPVCEPDMPTFEBODY SEALSSEATSMATERIALSKEY FEATURES• Full Port Design• System2™ Sealing Technology provideslonger cycle life, 1/4" - 2"• 250 PSI / 16 Bar, non-shock at 70°F /23°C full pressure rating, 1/4" - 2"• 235 PSI / 16 Bar, non-shock at 70°F /23°C full pressure rating, 2-1/2" - 4"• 150 PSI / 10 Bar, non-shock at 70°F /23°C full pressure rating, 6"• Lockout/Tagout mechanism thatsecures directly to valve body forenhanced safety• Ergonomic handle for improved grip andcomfort• ISO 5211 top flange simplifiesactuation• Permanent markings, eliminates labels• Integral footpad for skid or panel mount• FPM or EPDM seals• Double O-Ring stem seals• Reversible PTFE seats – StandardOPTIONS• Pneumatic or Electric Actuators• Stem Extensions• M anual Limit SwitchKEY FEATURES• Drilled Ball for Sodium Hypochloriteapplications• 250 PSI / 16 Bar, non-shock at 70°F /23°C full pressure rating, 1/4" - 2"• 235 PSI / 16 Bar, non-shock at 70°F /23°C full pressure rating, 2-1/2" - 4"• 150 PSI / 10 Bar, non-shock at 70°F /23°C full pressure rating, 6"• Lockout/Tagout mechanism thatsecures directly to valve body forenhanced safety• Ergonomic handle for improved grip andcomfort• ISO 5211 top flange simplifies actuation• Permanent markings, eliminates labels• Integral footpad for skid or panel mount• FPM or EPDM seals• Double O-Ring stem seals• Reversible PTFE seats – StandardKEY FEATURES• Profile2™ Characterized Ball forproportional control• System2™ Sealing Technology provideslonger cycle life, 1/2" - 2"• 250 PSI / 16 Bar, non-shock at 70°F /23°C full pressure rating, 1/4" - 2"• 235 PSI / 16 Bar, non-shock at 70°F /23°C full pressure rating, 2-1/2" - 4"• 150 PSI / 10 Bar, non-shock at 70°F /23°C full pressure rating, 6"• Lockout/Tagout mechanism thatsecures directly to valve body forenhanced safety• Ergonomic handle for improved grip andcomfort• ISO 5211 top flange simplifies actuation• Permanent markings, eliminates labels• Integral footpad for skid or panel mount• FPM or EPDM seals• Double O-Ring stem seals• Reversible PTFE seats – StandardOPTIONS• Pneumatic or Electric Actuators• Stem Extensions• Manual Limit SwitchCertified toNSF/ANSI 61 & 372Certified toNSF/ANSI 61 & 372Certified toNSF/ANSI 61 & 372TBH SERIES TBH-Z SERIES CVH SERIES “Patent Pending”OPTIONS• Pneumatic or Electric Actuators• Stem Extensions• Manual Limit Switch6| | 1.888.429.46351.888.429.4635 | |7*D i s c o n l yKEY FEATURES• One Piece Injection Molded Body • Hand Lever with 19 Lockable Stop Positions & 360° Interlocking Splines • External Disc Position and Flow Indication • Hydro-dynamic Centric Disc forIncreased Flow Performance • Over-Sized Liner Face Maximizes Surface Contact with Flanges• 1-Piece 316 Stainless Steel Stem with Threaded Retaining Gland• Stem Bearing and Seal Retainer for Absolute Stem Position and Seal • ISO 5211 Top Flange and Stem Drive • All Sizes Meet ANSI B16.10 / ISO 5752 Face to Face Dimensions• Pressure Rated at 150 PSI/10 Bar in All Sizes @ 70°F Non-Shock• BYB Series Large Diameter Butterfly Valves: 14" to 24" available in PVC, CPVC, PP and PVDFOPTIONS• Over-Molded 316 Stainless Steel Lugs • Titanium or Hastelloy ™ Stem Materials • Gear Operators• Complete Range of Pneumatic or Electric Actuators • Lock Out Caps • Stem Extensions• Chain Operator for Gear BoxKEY FEATURES• Units are equipped with two (2)volt-free Form A Auxiliary switches• ISO5211 compliant mounting with a double square female drive socket • Raised visual position indicator • NEMA 4X/IP67 compliant • EMT entry ports with sealed cable glands• Internal Heater Standard • Manual Override• Class Zone and Class Div now Available • Available Voltages 12VAC/VDC, 24VAC/ VDC, 120/230VACOPTIONS• Power Supply Flexibility • On / Off or Proportional Control • Local Control Stations • IP68 Submersion • Battery Backup • Supercap Backup• Interchangeable ISO5211 Flange & DrivesKEY FEATURES• Ideal for Corrosive Atmosphere and Environments• Corrosion-Resistant GFPP Housing • LED Status Light• Anti-Condensation Heater • Manual Override • Position Indicator• 4 SPDT Micro Limit Switches • Lightweight - Easy for Installation • ISO 5211 Mounting Base • Stainless Steel Fasteners 303 SS • 100% Factory Tested• Single Phase 24~265VAC/VDCOPTIONS• Digital Positioner 0-20mA, 4-20mA or 0-10V • Battery BackupLocal Control StationBattery BackupButterfly Valves2" to 12" / DN50-300 PVC, CPVC, GFPPIndustrial Electric Actuators266 - 177,000 Torque in/lbsIndustrial Electric ActuatorsBall & Butterfly Valves upto 6" / DN150P V CG F P PC P V CE P D MN I T R I L EBODYLINERMATERIALSCertified to NSF/ANSI 61 & 372, PVC/EPDM 2" - 12", CPVC/EPDM 4" - 12"BYV SERIESHRS SERIESECP SERIES*P L A T I N U M“Patented & Other Patents Pending” Pat. No.:9,695,947PNEUMATIC ACTUATION BY HAYWARDHayward Flow Control offers a full line of Pneumatic Actuation including the compact PC Series Pneumatic Actuators. Perfect for those tight spaces andapplications that require a lightweight, highly adjustable solution. Four-piston rack and pinion design in both double-acting and fail-safe spring return. Head to our website to learn more!PC Series8 | | 1.888.429.4635Full Pattern Wafer Check Valves2" to 8" / DN50-200 PVC & CPVCY-Check Valves1/2" to 4" / DN15-100 PVC, CPVC 1/2" to 1" / DN15-25 PVDFKEY FEATURES• Robust Full Pattern Body • Available in PVC and CPVC• Pressure Rated at 150 PSI/10 Bar in All Sizes @ 70°F Non-Shock• No Special Spacers or Flanges Required • High Cv Rating Equal to Metal Check Valves, Saves on Energy and Pump Wear• FPM or EPDM Gasket and Face Seal • One-Piece Disc and Shaft DesignOPTIONS• 316 Stainless Steel or Hastelloy ®Disc SpringKEY FEATURES• Available in PVC, CPVC, and PVDF • Pressure Rated at 150PSI/10 Bar in All Sizes @ 70°F Non-Shock • Horizontal or Vertical Installation • Molded-In or True Union Socket orThreaded Connections • Full Flow Design• Minimal Back Pressure Required to Seat Piston• PVC, CPVC or PVDF Coil to Guide Piston to a Positive SeatWCV SERIESYC SERIESP VCC P V CE P D MBODYMATERIALSSEALSHAYWARD CHECK VALVESFor more check valve solutions from Hayward Flow Control,visit our website to learn more about our full line of balland Y-pattern checks as well as TC Series, True Union Ball Check Valves.TC Series True Union Ball Check ValvesMATERIALSE P D MSEALSP V CCP V CBODYPatent No. 8,887,757Swing Check Valves2" to 8" / DN50-200 PVC & CPVCSW SERIESKEY FEATURES• Available in PVC, CPVC and GFPP • High Temperature/Pressure Ratings • Horizontal or Vertical Installation • Two-in-One Seat Design • Built-in Flange Seals • Two Drain Ports• Self-Aligning Clapper Seals• High Cv Rating and Full Flow DesignOPTIONS• Counterweight for Closing Assistance • Limit Switch for Position IndicationMATERIALSE P D MSEALSP V CC P V CG F P PP L A T I N U MBODY1.888.429.4635 | | 9P V CKEY FEATURES• Available in PVC, CPVC, Clear PVC and PVDF• Pressure Rated at 150 PSI/10 Bar in All Sizes @ 70°F Non-Shock• For Horizontal or Vertical Installation • Molded-In or True Union Socket orThreaded End Connections • FPM or EPDM Seals • 2:1 Open Area Ration• Hex Cap for Easy Access to Screen • Standard Screen 1/32" Perforation**Standard PVDF Screen Has 3/32" PerforationOPTIONS• Stainless Steel or other Alloys Perf or Mesh• Strainer Screens Available in Various SizesKEY FEATURES• PVC, CPVC, GFPP, PVDF and Eastar ®• Pressure Rated at 150 PSI/10 Bar in All Sizes @ 70°F Non-Shock• Ergonomic Hand Removable Cover • In-Line or Loop Connections • External Cover Threads • Integral Flat Mounting Bases • Thermoplastic Baskets Standard • Ideal for protecting pumps and other critical system equipmentOPTIONS• Stainless Steel, Monel ®, Hastelloy ® and Titanium Strainer Baskets • Pressure Differential Gauge andSwitch for 6" and 8" / DN150-200 Sizes • Baskets Available with Perforated or Mesh LinersKEY FEATURES• GFPP, PVC or CPVC Material • Heavy Duty Injection Molded Construction with True Union Design • True Union End Connections - Socket, Threaded or Flanged• Solid Heavy-Duty Basket Standard• Hand Removable Ergonomic Cover with Liquid Displacing Dome • Vent Valve on Cover• In-Line or Loop Configuration • Drain Port at Bottom • Integral Mounting BaseOPTIONS• Pressure Differential Gauge and Switch • EPDM Seals• Cartridge Adapters - CFLV only • Duplex ConfigurationsY-Strainers1/2" to 2" / DN15-50 PVC, CPVC, CLEAR PVC2-1/2" to 4" / DN65-100 PVC, CPVC 1/2" to 1" / DN15-25 PVDFSimplex & Duplex Basket Strainers1/2" to 4" / DN15-100 PVC, CPVC, GFPP, and Eastar ® 6" to 8" / DN150-200 PVC, CPVC 1/2" to 2" / DN15-50 PVDFSimplex & Duplex Bag/Cartridge FiltersSingle Length 1-1/4" - 2" / DN32-50 GFPP, PVC, CPVCDouble Length 2-1/2" - 4" DN65-100 GFPP, PVC, CPVCYS SERIESSB SERIESFLV/CFLV SERIESMATERIALSP VCC P V CE P D MBODYSEALSC L E A RP V CSYSTEM PROTECTIONHayward offers a full line of PressureDifferential Gauge kits to help betterprotect your vital systems from damage. Pressure Differential Gauges indicatewhen to clean, change or replace your bag filter or strainer.NSF/ANSI 61 & 372PVC and CPVCMATERIALS“Patented” Pat. No.:9,630,127E P D MBODYSEALSP V CC P V CE A S TA R G F P PP L A T IN U MMATERIALSE P D MSEALSG F P PBODYC P V C10 | | 1.888.429.4635Back Pressure Valves1/2" to 4" / DN8-100 PVC, CPVC,PP, and PVDFKEY FEATURES• Available in PVC, CPVC, PP or PVDF Body with Noryl™ Molded Dome • PTFE/EPDM Diaphragm• Spring: 10-150 psi (Spring pre-set: 50 psi)• 304 Stainless Steel Bolting • FNPT or Socket 1/4"-2", Flange 3"-4"• Anti-Siphon Function • Adjustment Screw with Slot• PVC, CPVC and PVDF rated to 250 psi @ 70 F/17.2 Bar at 21 C, PP rated to 150 psi @ 70 F/10 Bar at 21 COPTIONS• ANSI or DIN/EN Threaded, Socket, TrueUnion Socket or Flanged End Connections • 0-50 psi and 10-250 psi Springs • PTFE/FPM DiaphragmPBV SERIESMATERIALSP V CC P VCP PBODYPressure Relief Valves1/2" to 4" / DN8-100 PVC, CPVC,PP, and PVDFKEY FEATURES• Available in PVC, CPVC, PP or PVDFBody with Noryl™ Molded Dome • PTFE/EPDM Diaphragm• Spring: 10-150 psi (Spring pre-set: 50 psi)• 304 Stainless Steel Bolting • FNPT Threads• Adjustment Screw with Slot• PVC, CPVC and PVDF rated to 250 psi @ 70 F/17.2 Bar at 21 C, PP rated to 150 psi @ 70 F/10 Bar at 21 COPTIONS• 2-port / 90o• ANSI or DIN/EN Threaded, Socket, TrueUnion Socket or Flanged End Connections • 0-50 psi and 10-250 psi Springs • PTFE/FPM DiaphragmRPV SERIESMATERIALSP V CC P VCP PBODYCS SERIESCorporation Stops1/2" to 1"PVC and CPVCKEY FEATURES• True Union Thermoplastic Ball Valve with PTFE Seats• Thermoplastic Injection Quill withBeveled Tip• 316SS Chain and Hardware• Variable and Customer Injector Lengths • Ball Check Valve with FPM O-Rings • Standard MNPT and Threaded True Union End Connections• Pressure rated to 150 psi @ 70 F/10 Bar at 21 COPTIONS• Flat Tip• Socket True Union, Metric Socket or BSPT Threaded End Connections • EPDM O-Ring Seals • PTFE/FPM DiaphragmMATERIALSP VCC P V CSEALSBODY1.888.429.4635 | | 11NVA SERIESNeedle Valves1/4" to 1/2"PVC, CPVC, GFPP, and PVDFKEY FEATURES• Available in PVC, CPVC, GFPP and PVDF • Integrated Stem/PTFE Seat Design • Flanges for Panel Mounting • NPT Threaded Ends • Accurate Flow Control• Fine Pitch Stem Threads for PreciseAdjustment• Adjust Flow Rates Down to Drops per Minute• Ideal for Metering FlowMATERIALSP VCC P V CBODYSEALSC L E A RP V C Z SERIESSolenoid DiaphragmMetering PumpsAnalog or Digital OperationKEY FEATURES• Analog and Digital Interface • Three Pump Sizes Cover 1 To 29 GPH • Standard One Piece Molded PVDF Pump Head • PTFE Diaphragm Standard • NEMA 4X Design/IP65 Rate• F ront facing controls, tubing and wiring connections allow for easy and flexible installation• Built-In Degassing Valve on 100 and 200 Sizes • Multi-Voltage Motor• C omplete Kit Includes PVDF Foot Valve, PVDF Injection Valve and Required TubingIV/IQ SERIES Injection Valves/Quills1/2" to 1" PVC, CPVC and PVDFKEY FEATURES• Built-in ball check valve with Hastelloy C™ spring, with the IV check being rebuildable • Threaded MNPT End Connections • FPM O-Ring Seals • 45° Bevel on Quill Tip• Pressure rated to 150 psi @ 70°FOPTIONS• Flat Bevel• Socket End Connections • EPDM O-Ring SealsMATERIALSE P D MSEALSP V CC P V CBODYPVDF Multifunction Valve OptionalLIQUID LEVEL, FLOW AND ANALYTICAL PRODUCTS FROM HAYWARD FLOW CONTROL MEASURE AND CONTROLKEY FEATURESLevel SensorsKEY FEATURES• Dual Channel input and display(CH2 is RTD for temperature)• Configurable, multi-color LCD display • Simple, Intuitive menu makes set-up quick and easy• NEMA 4X (IP65) Face, ¼ DIN chassis dimensions• 100-240 VAC, 50-60 Hz power range std.• Programmable dual relays and dual open collectors• Optional HMCENC NEMA 4X Electrical Enclosure, ¼ DIN Cutout, 6 wire connectorsIndicating Level TransmitterFlowmeterKEY FEATURES HMC200• pH, ORP, conductivity & flow parameters available• Highly visible large backlit LCD display • Flexible and easy calibration, including • 4-20mA process output with rangePVDF SOLUTIONS FOR THE HARSHEST CHEMFEED SYSTEMSTB SERIES Ball ValvesKEY FEATURES• Available in sizes 1/4" - 2"• A vailable with Threaded or Socket Fusion (IPS) Ends• Full Port Design• F PM O-Ring Seals Standard• Reversible PTFE Seats• Double O-Ring Stem Seals• Available with Electric or Pneumatic Actuation• Natural PVDF per ASTM D3222 Type 1TC SERIESBall CheckKEY FEATURES• Available in sizes 1/4" - 1"• A vailable with Threaded or SocketFusion (IPS) Ends• Ideal for Vertical Installation• Square Cut Seat for Positive Sealing• Seats with Minimum Back Pressure• Solid PTFE Ball• F PM O-Ring Seals Standard• Natural PVDF per ASTM D3222 Type 1YC SERIESY ChecksKEY FEATURES• Available in sizes 1/2" - 1"• Available with Threaded or Socket Fusion (IPS)• Full Flow Design• Minimum Pressure Drop• P VDF Coil to Guide Piston to a Positive Seat• M inimal Back Pressure Required to SeatPiston• FPM Seals and O-rings• Natural PVDF per ASTM D3222 Type 1YS SERIESStrainers KEY FEATURES• Available in sizes 1/2" - 1"• Available with Threaded or SocketFusion (IPS)• Ideal for Horizontal or VerticalInstallation• FPM O-Ring Seals• PVDF Screen Cage and PTFE Ends• P TFE Screen with 3/32" Perforationas Standard• Hex Cap for Easy Access to Screen• Natural PVDF per ASTM D3222 Type 1NVA SERIESNeedle Valves KEY FEATURES• Available in sizes 1/4", 3/8" and 1/2"• Ideal for Metering Flow• Integrated Stem/PTFE Seat Design• Flanges for Panel Mounting• NPT Threaded Ends• F ine Pitch Stem Threads for PreciseAdjustment• A djust Flow Rates Down to Drops perMinute• FPM Seal Standard• Natural PVDF per ASTM D3222 Type 1PBV/RPV SERIESBack & PressureRelief ValvesKEY FEATURES• Natural PVDF Body with Noryl™ Bonnet• PTFE/EPDM Diaphragm Standard• Spring: 10 - 150 psi (Spring pre-set: 50 psi)• 304 Stainless Steel Bolting• FNPT Threads• Anti-Siphon Function• Adjustment Screw with Slot• Pressure rated to 250 psiAll valves and strainers carry a pressure rating of 150psi/10 bar Non-Shock at 70ºF/ 23°C.Maximum service temperature is 240°F/115°C.SB SERIESSimplex BasketStrainersKEY FEATURES• Available in sizes 1/2" - 2"• Available with Threaded, Socket Fusion (IPS)or Flanged• True Union Design• Ergonomic Hand-Removable Cover• External Cover Threads• Integral Flat Mounting Base• FPM O-Ring Seals• PVDF Basket Standard• Natural PVDF per ASTM D3222 Type 11.888.429.4635 ||131.888.429.4635True Union Ball Valves1/2" to 1" Available in SDR 9, 111-1/4" to 4" Available in SDR 9, 11, 17True Union BallCheck Valves1/2" to 1" Available in SDR 9, 111-1/4" to 4" Available in SDR 9, 11, 17True Union Y-Check Valves1/2" to 1" Available in SDR 9, 111-1/4" to 3" Available in SDR 9, 11, 17 TBH SERIES TC SERIES YC SERIESTrue Union Y-Strainers1/2" to 1" Available in SDR 9, 111-1/4" to 3" Available in SDR 9, 11, 17True Union SimplexBasket Strainers1" Available in SDR 9, 112" to 3" Available in SDR 9, 11, 17YS SERIES SB SERIES FLV/CFLV SERIESBag & CartridgeFilter Vessels2" & 3" Available in SDR 9, 11, 17†HDPE end connectors may be provided as a kit. Contact factory for metric availability. HDPE14| |1.888.429.4635 | |15NOTESHayward Flow Control is passionate about solving our customer’s problems.Our products serve vital roles in numerous unforgiving processes that impact all walks of life. With an industrial mindset and a passion for excellence, Hayward Flow Control continues to drive forward with purpose, forward thinking and American ingenuity. We mean it when we say:USA:1.888.429.4635|Fax:1.888.778.8410|OneHaywardIndustrialDrive,Clemmons,NC27012|Email:********************Canada:1.888.238.7665|Fax:1.905.829.3636|2880PlymouthDrive,Oakville,ONL6H5R4|Email:***********************Visit us at: Hayward is a registered trademark of Hayward Industries, Inc. © 2022 Hayward Industries, Inc.WWT0522TRUE GRIT. WE HAVE IT.。

女士美容英语单词Acne 青春痘用品Active 赋活用After sun 日晒后用品LAIT REHYDRDTIONAlcohol-free 无酒精Anti- 抗、防ANTIAnti-wrinkle 抗老防皱ANTI RIDEBalancing 平衡酸碱Blusher 腮红JOUCS CONTRASTEClean- 清洁用CLARIF-Combination 混合性皮肤PEAUX NORMALES et MIXTES Cottect- 遮瑕膏ESTOMPE LUMERECream 霜CREMEDay 日间用Dry 干性皮肤PEAUXEssnece 精华液SERUMExfoliator 去角质Eye gel 眼胶Eye mask 眼膜Eye shadow 眼影Eyeliner 眼线（笔、刷）Facial 脸部用VISAGEFast dry 快干Firm 紧肤Foam 泡沫MOUSSEFoundation 粉底TEINT Freshener 化妆水LOTIONGel 胶状GEL 乳液Gentle 温和的Hydra- 保湿用HYDRA-Lip brillant 唇彩Lip care 护唇用Lip coat 口红护膜Lipstick 口红ROUGE ALEVRE Liquid- 液状Long lasting 持久性Lotion 水、露LAIT、FLUIDE Losse powder 蜜粉POUDRE Makeup 粉底Mask 面膜MASQUEMascara 睫毛膏CILS MAGIQUES Milk 乳Moisture 保湿HYDRA-Mult- 多元Nail color 指甲油LE VERNISNail enamel 指甲油Nail polish 指甲油Nail saver 护甲液Normal 中性皮肤Nutritious 滋养Oil-control 抑制油脂Oily 油性皮肤LA PEAU GRASSES Pack 剥撕式面膜Peeling 敷面剥落式面膜Pressed powder 粉饼Purify- 清洁用PURIFIANTQuick dry 快干Remover 去除、卸妆DEMAQUILLANT Repair 修护REPARERRevitalite 活化REVITALISANT Scrub 磨砂式（去角质）EXFOLIANT Sensitive 敏感性皮肤SENSIBLE Shading powder 修容饼Solvent 溶解Spot 青春痘用Sun block 防晒用ANTI-SOLAIRETanning 仿晒用品LAIT AUTIBRONZANTToning lotion 化妆水TONIQUETrentment 修护Wash 洗Waterproof 防水-White- 美白用-Hydratant/Hydra/Moisturize--保湿这应该是我们最常见的词语，在日常用的润肤露、润肤霜、润唇膏等产品上都会看到，而越来越多的彩妆产品也注明具有保湿功效。

污水处理名词常用40个英语翻译汇总下面是40个水处理领域内常用的名词对应的英文翻译写法，很是便利大家日后查阅英文文献时的便捷性和专业性，或许你现在用不到，但是谁知道啥时候就能用到了呢？所以水处理专业的小伙伴们赶快保藏吧！财务评价 financial evaluation配水系统 distribution system侧渠型一体化氧化沟 integrated oxidation ditch with side ditch产氢气乙酸菌 Rydrogenes and acetic aid genes产甲烷细菌 methanogenes产率系数 yield coefficient常规给水处理工艺 conventional water treatment processes放开式循环冷却水系统 opened recirculating cooling water system超高纯水 ultra-high-purify water超过滤 ultrafiltration超过滤膜法 ultrafiltration membrane process沉淀 precipitation, sedimentation沉淀池 sedimentation tank沉砂池 grit chamber城市废水 municipal wastewater城市废水处理 municipal wastewater treatment澄清 clalification可持续进展 sustainable development布满度 degree of fullness重现期 exceedion interval, period of recurrence抽风式机械通风冷却塔 induced draft mechanical cooling tower 臭氧发生器 ozone generator臭氧法 ozonation process臭氧消毒 ozone disinfection初次(级)沉淀池 primary clarifier, primary sedimentation tank除水器 drift eliminator除铁除锰 iron and manganese removal除盐水(脱盐水) desalted water,demineralized water除渣 desilication, silica removal除藻 algal removal除氟 algal fluorine穿透曲线 penetration curve活性污泥法 activated sludge process生物脱氮工艺 biological nitrogen removal process船型一体化氧化沟Boat Type in intrachannel clarifier oxidation ditch纯(富)氧曝气法 pure-oxygen aeration process磁分散 magnetic coagulation磁盘法 magnetic disk process磁过滤法 magnetic fierration process萃取 extraction萃取剂 extractant下面是40个水处理领域内常用的名词对应的英文翻译写法，很是便利大家日后查阅英文文献时的便捷性和专业性，或许你现在用不到，但是谁知道啥时候就能用到了呢？所以水处理专业的小伙伴们赶快保藏吧！财务评价 financial evaluation配水系统 distribution system侧渠型一体化氧化沟 integrated oxidation ditch with side ditch产氢气乙酸菌 Rydrogenes and acetic aid genes产甲烷细菌 methanogenes产率系数 yield coefficient常规给水处理工艺 conventional water treatment processes放开式循环冷却水系统 opened recirculating cooling water system超高纯水 ultra-high-purify water超过滤 ultrafiltration超过滤膜法 ultrafiltration membrane process沉淀 precipitation, sedimentation沉淀池 sedimentation tank沉砂池 grit chamber城市废水 municipal wastewater城市废水处理 municipal wastewater treatment澄清 clalification可持续进展 sustainable development布满度 degree of fullness重现期 exceedion interval, period of recurrence抽风式机械通风冷却塔 induced draft mechanical cooling tower 臭氧发生器 ozone generator臭氧法 ozonation process臭氧消毒 ozone disinfection初次(级)沉淀池 primary clarifier, primary sedimentation tank除水器 drift eliminator除铁除锰 iron and manganese removal除盐水(脱盐水) desalted water,demineralized water除渣 desilication, silica removal除藻 algal removal除氟 algal fluorine穿透曲线 penetration curve活性污泥法 activated sludge process生物脱氮工艺 biological nitrogen removal process船型一体化氧化沟Boat Type in intrachannel clarifier oxidation ditch纯(富)氧曝气法 pure-oxygen aeration process磁分散 magnetic coagulation磁盘法 magnetic disk process磁过滤法 magnetic fierration process萃取 extraction萃取剂 extractant。

一、化妆品类别二、功效类三、彩妆类四、常见名称五、化妆品 INGREDIENTS(成份)中文标示简介一、化妆品类别护?? 肤：skin care洗面奶：facial cleanser/face wash(Foaming,milky,cream,Gel)爽肤水：toner/astringent紧肤水：firming lotion柔肤水：toner/smoothing toner （facial mist/facial spray/com plexion mist）护肤霜：moisturizers and creams精华：serum/essence喷雾：spa water/spray乳液：fluid保?? 湿：moisturizer隔离霜，防晒：sun screen/sun block美白：whitening露：lotion，霜：cream日霜：day cream晚霜：night cream眼部GEL: eye gel面膜: facial mask/masque眼膜: eye mask护唇用：Lip care口红护膜：Lip coat磨砂膏: facial scrub去黑头: (deep) pore cleanser/striper pore refining 去死皮: Exfoliating Scrub润肤露（身体）:bodylotion/moisturizer护手霜: hand lotion/moisturizer沐浴露: body wash二、功效类Acne/Spot（青春痘用品）Active（赋活用）After sun（日晒后用品）Alcohol-free（无酒精）Anti-（抗、防）Anti- wrinkle（抗老防皱）Balancing（平衡酸硷）Clean-/Purify-（清洁用）Combination（混合性皮肤）Dry（干性皮肤）Essence（精华液）Facial（脸部用）Fast/Quick dry（快干）Firm（紧肤）Foam（泡沫）Gentle（温和的）Hydra-（保湿用）Long lasting（持久性）Milk（乳）Mult-（多元）Normal（中性皮肤）Nutritious（滋养）Oil-control（抑制油脂）Oily（油性皮肤）Pack（剥撕式面膜）Peeling（敷面剥落式面膜）Remover（去除、卸妆）Repair（修护）Revitalite（活化）Scrub（磨砂式 (去角质)）Sensitive（敏感性皮肤）Solvent（溶解）Sun block（防晒用）Toning lotion（化妆水）Trentment（修护）Wash（洗）Waterproof（防水）arifiant / Lisse——让皮肤更有光泽，更为光滑，增加容光Purifiant / Purifying / Pure——清洁Exfoliant / Gommage / Scrub——按摩，去除角质Hydratant / Hydra——保湿Contour——周边Adoucissant / Douceur——使肌肤更细嫩Shine-Free / Oil-Control / Anti-Brillance——控制皮脂分泌Nutri / Nutritive / Nourishing——丰富营养，滋润Repair / Anti-Age——恢复，抗衰老Démaquillant / Make up Remover——卸妆三、彩妆类彩妆: cosmetics遮瑕膏: concealer修容饼：Shading powder粉底: foundation (compact,stick)粉饼: pressed powder散粉：loose powder闪粉：shimmering powder/glitter眉粉: brow powder眉笔：brow pencil眼线液（眼线笔）：liquid eye liner, eye liner眼影: eye shadow睫毛膏: mascara唇线笔: lip liner唇膏: lip color/lipstick（笔状 lip pencil，膏状 lip lipstick，盒装 l ipcolor/lip gloss）唇彩: lip gloss/lip color腮红: blush卸装水: makeup remover卸装乳: makeup removing lotion帖在身上的小亮片: body art指甲: manicure/pedicure指甲油: nail polish/color/enamel去甲油：nail polish remover护甲液：Nail saver发: hair products/accessories洗发水: shampoo护发素: hair conditioner锔油膏: conditioning hairdressing/hairdressing gel /treatmen t摩丝: mousse发胶: styling gel染发: hair color冷烫水: perm/perming formula卷发器: rollers/perm rollers工具: cosmetic applicators/accessories粉刷: cosmetic brush, face brush粉扑: powder puffs海绵扑: sponge puffs眉刷: brow brush睫毛夹: lash curler眼影刷: eye shadow brush/shadow applicator口红刷: lip brush胭脂扫: blush brush转笔刀: pencil sharpener电动剃毛器: electric shaver-for women电动睫毛卷: electric lash curler描眉卡: brow template纸巾: facial tissue吸油纸: oil-Absorbing Sheets化装棉: cotton pads棉签: Q-tips化装包: cosmetic bag四、化妆品常见名称Facial Care Products 脸部保养品Facial Mask 面膜Peel off Mask 撕去性面膜Rinse off Mask 冲洗性面膜Intensive Whitening Mask 深度白净面膜Gentle Cleansing Lotion/ Gentle Cleansing Foam/ Gentle Cleansing soap 温和洗面乳(皂)Gentle Cleansing Cream 温和洗面霜100% Oil-Free Eye Makeup Remover 100%无油性眼部卸妆油Eye Make-Up Cleansing 眼部卸妆液Gentle Eye Makeup Remover 温和眼部卸妆(油/液/乳)Instant Eye And Lip Makeup Remover 快速眼唇卸妆(油/液/乳)Lotion Toner/ Toning Water 化妆水Clear Lotion 美白化妆水Ultra-Brightening/ Whitening Lotion 明亮白皙化妆水Refreshing Lotion 焕采化妆水Night Cream/ Night Treatments 晚霜Anti-Wrinkle Cream 抗皱霜Recoup Recovery Cream 焕肤霜Anti-Aging Moisturizer 抗老润肤(霜/凝霜/乳液)Eye Cream/ Eye Care/ Eye Gel 眼霜Activate Eye Cream 活化眼霜Activate Skin Builder 肌肤活力精华(霜/凝胶/乳液)Brightening Moisturizing Gel 明亮润肤凝胶Brightening Moisturizing Emulsion 明亮润肤乳液T-Zone Balancing Gel T字部位平衡凝胶Eye Revitalizer 赋活眼(霜/凝胶/乳液)Eye Soother Anti-Puffiness/ Dark Circles 眼部清柔抗肿胀/黑眼圈(霜/凝胶/乳液)Make-Up Remover/ Cleansing Oil 卸妆油Facial Foam/ Facial Cleansing Cream/ Cleansers 洗面乳Essence Concentrate 精华液Moisturizer Lotion 乳液Oil Obsorbing Sheet 吸油面纸Lip Balm Chopstick/ Lip Conditioner 护唇膏Water Spray 保湿喷雾Body Care Products 身体保养品Fragrance/ Parfum Spray 香水Body Spray/ Body Splash 身体喷雾Lanolin Cream 绵羊油Massage Cream 按摩霜Body Cream 身体霜Body Butter 身体乳霜(油)Body Moisturing Lotion 身体保湿乳液Body Lotion 身体乳液Shower Gel 沐浴凝胶Bath And Massage Oil 沐浴按摩油Essential Oil 精油Body Wash/ Shower Gel/ Bathing Gel 沐浴乳Bouncing Bubbles 泡泡浴凝胶Body Scrub 身体去角质霜Sun Block/ Sunscreen 防晒乳Sunscreen Spray 防晒喷雾Self Tanner Oil 助晒油After-Sun Lotion 晒後乳液Hand Care Products 手部保养品Hand Cream/ Hand Lotion 护手霜(乳液)Hand Cleanser 洗手乳Nail Polish Crystal/ Nail Lacquer 指甲油Fast-Dry Nail Color 快乾指甲油Polish Remover 去光水Foot Care Products 腿部保养品Foot Scrub 腿部去角质霜Foot Cream 腿霜Cracked Heel Treatment Cream 脚後跟龟裂霜Hair Care Products 头发保养品Shampoo 洗发精Conditioner 润发乳Glossing Shampoo 光泽洗发精Glossing Conditioner 光泽润发乳Curls Shampoo 卷发用洗发精Curls Conditioner 卷发用润发乳Nourishing Shampoo For Dry/ Damaged Hair 滋养洗发精(乾性/受损发质适用)Shine Shampoo For Formal 光泽洗发精(正常发质适用)Balancing Shampoo For Formal 均衡洗发精(正常发质适用)Technician Shampoo 专业用洗发精Technician Conditioner 专业用润发乳Technician Color Care Mask 专业用护色发膜Style Glossing Cream 造型亮泽霜Mousse 慕丝Curls Wave Creating Spray 造型卷发喷雾Curl Enhancing Gel 加强卷度造型胶Hair Treatment/ Hair Essence/ Essential Oil 护发乳(护发精华)Cosmetics 化妆品Foundation Cosmetics 底妆化妆品Protect Base/ Block/ Makeup Base/ Control Base/ Sun Screen Lotion/ Face Protecter 隔离霜Correcting Makeup Base 遮瑕隔离霜Foundation/ Compact/ Compact Powder/ Pressed Powder/ Foundation Cake 粉饼(注明”refill”可替换粉芯)Brightening Powder Foundation 润色增亮粉饼Pressed Powder 蜜粉饼Loose Powder 蜜粉Liquid Foundation 粉底液Glistening Powder 珠光效果的蜜粉Sensual Skin Enhancer/ Sensual Skin Primer/ Time Balm Concealer/ Corrector Concealer 饰底乳/霜(遮瑕膏/霜)Liquid Conceale 遮瑕霜Pen Concealer 遮瑕笔Stick Concealer 遮瑕膏条(Can be worn alone or under foundation 可以单独使用也可以用於上粉底之前)(Yellow corrects dark circles 黄色的遮瑕膏可以改善黑眼圈)(Green corrects redness 绿色可以改善泛红)Cream-To-Powder Foundation 粉凝霜Blush/ Blush Powder/ Cheek Color 腮红饼Cream Blush/ Creamy Moist Glow 腮红霜Glitter/ Shimmer 用於脸或身体的亮粉Eye Cosmetics 眼部化妆品Eye Shadow 眼影Single Eye Shadow 单色眼影Eye Shadow Duo 双色眼影Trio Eye Shadow 三色眼影Eye Shadow Pen 眼影笔Eyeliner Pencil/ Eye Liner 眼线笔Liquid Eyeliner 眼线液Eye Liner Gel 眼线胶Mascara 睫毛膏Exaggeration Lengthening Mascara 超长睫毛膏Lashes Intensifying Mascara 睫毛增强睫毛膏Curling Mascara 卷俏睫毛膏Eyebrow Pencil 眉笔False Lashes 假睫毛Lip Cosmetics 唇部化妆品Lip Pencil 唇笔Long-Lasting Lipstick 持久唇膏Lipstick Rouge 唇膏Strictly Sheer Moisturizing Lipstick 薄透水润唇膏Pure Reflection Ultra-Shine Lipstick 超亮泽唇膏Wet Pearl Lipstick 保湿珠光唇膏Lip Gloss Lacquer/ Luster Lip Balm 唇蜜Double-Ended Lip Gloss 两端都有的唇蜜Mouth-Watering Lip Gloss 超水感唇蜜Shine Lip Lacquer/ Lip Shine/ Lip Polish 唇亮油Plump Your Pucker/ Lip Plumper/ Plump Lip Enhancer/ Lip Plumper/ Lip Balm/Soothing Lip Buffer 护唇膏Lip Kit/ Lip Palette 唇彩盘Accessories 配件Cosmetic Bags/ Cosmetic Case/ Makeup Bags/ Makeup Case 化妆包Mirrors 镜子Eye Shadow Brush 眼影刷Double-Ended Eyelining Brush 双头的眼线刷Eyelash Curler 睫毛夹Lash Definer 睫毛刷Brow & Lash Comb 眉毛&睫毛刷Lip Brush 唇刷Pencil Sharpener 削笔机Blush Brush/ Face Blender Brush 腮红刷Retractable Blush Brush 可伸缩的腮红刷Powder Brush 蜜粉刷Brush Cleaner 刷具清洁液Hair Brush Comb 梳子Cotten Puff For Make-up/ Cotton Pads 化妆棉Powder Puff 粉扑Hair Tweezers 拔毛钳Cotton Balls 棉花球Sponge 海绵Eyebrow Groomer 眉毛刷Foot File 脚指甲挫刀Makeup Disk/ Face Kit/ Face Paint Palette 彩妆盘(包含唇彩,眼影,腮红等刷具组)Alpha Hydroxy Acid 果酸Collagen Protein 胶原蛋白Non-Greasy 不油腻Fragrance Free 无香味Waterproof 防水效果Hydrating 保湿Moisturizer 滋润Whitening/ Brightening 美白Scrub Exfoliantion/ Exfoliating 去角质Rejuvenating/ Revitalizing 活肤Wrinkle Treatment 抗皱Firming 紧肤Softening 软化Detoxifying 排毒Anti-Aging 抗老化Sign Treatment 去斑Blemish Control 控制痘疤Acne Treatment 治痘Anti-Acne 抗痘Dry Skin 乾燥肌肤Oily Skin 油性肌肤Young Skin 年轻肌肤Sensitive Skin 敏感性肌肤Normal Skin 正常肌肤Combinaiton Skin 综合性肌肤T-Zone T字型部位五、化妆品 INGREDIENTS(成份)中文标示简介INGREDIENTS(成份)中文标示简介AAcyclovir 带状泡疹、水痘药物治疗成份，需医生处方Adapalene 维他命A酸衍生物治疗痤疮有效成份，需医生处方Adenosine Triphosphate(ATP) 腺三磷酸使皮肤代谢正常Albumin 白蛋白水溶性蛋白质，为中性缓冲液，是一种酵素Alcohol 酒精溶剂Alfalfa Extract 紫花苜蓿萃取含多种氨基酸及红萝卜素，可抗老化Algae Extract 海藻萃取液抗氧化Algisium C 是一种生物保湿剂，可以修护肌肤并使更新暗沉的肤质，延缓老化的速度；其保湿性可维持8-12小时Alkyl Benzoate 烃基安息香酸盐油脂剂，作为基质Allantoin 尿囊素抗炎症、促进细胞修护Almond 杏仁油天然油脂，用作基质Aloe Extract 芦荟萃取镇静、保湿、滋润、抗敏、镇静、去红肿Aloe Vera 芦荟镇静、保湿、滋润、抗敏、镇静、去红肿Alpha Hydroxy(AHA) 果酸最常用的为甘醇酸(Glycolic Acid)及乳酸(Lactic Acid)，主要功效在促进皮肤新陈代谢，具有角质微剥的功效Alpha Lipoic Acid 脂肪酸，硫辛酸抗氧化Alpha Tocopheryl 维他命E 抗氧化Aluminum Chlorohydrate 氢氯酸铝可抑制身体出汗，常来用作止汗剂成份Amino Acid 天然胺基酸防止水份过度的流失，并使肌肤温和不紧绷，护肤、供给肌肤营养Aminocaproic Acid 胺基己酸预防肌肤敏感现象Ammonium Glycyrrhizate 甘草酸胺保湿、预防过敏Amniotic Fluid 羊膜液含丰富肌肤所需的胺基酸Angelica Sinensis Diels Extract 当归萃取具有行气活血功效，可促进肌肤毛细微管血液循环Angelica 白芷当归属，含天然维他命C及预防敏感作用Angiosperm Extract 被子植物酸具有防止发炎及抗过敏效果Anhydroalkannin 去水紫草烯紫草萃取精华，可抗炎、抗菌、活血、去瘀Anthranilates 化学性防晒成分Apple Extract 苹果萃取含有Vit-C等美容成份，另具有爽肤、镇静消毒作用Apricot Bead 杏桃颗粒通常加在磨砂膏中，用来去除皮肤老废角质Apricot Kernel Oil 杏核油富含矿物质和维他命，是天然的保湿剂，特别适合敏感性肤质Aqua 水，溶液基质Arbutin 熊果素淡化已形成的黑色素，能安定自由基、避免肌肤老化，卫生署公布有效美白成份之一Arnica Extract 山金车萃取活血散瘀Arnica Oil 山金车油可促使伤口愈合、消毒、消肿、防止瘀斑出现Ascorbic Acid 维他命C 抗氧化Ascorbyl Glucoside(AAG) 维他命C甘醣维他命C衍生物，为卫生署公布有效美白成份之一Ascorbyl Pamitate 维他命C棕榈酸盐一种脂溶性维他命C，是安定的维他命C Ascorbyl Stearate 酯化C 安定的维他命CAscorbyl Tetraisopalmitate 脂溶性维他命C 安定的维他命CAstragalus Membranaceus(Fisch) Bunge Extract 膜荚黄耆萃取提高肌肤活力，效用比人蔘更佳Avobenzone 化学性防晒成分，属Parsol 1789类，罕见过敏反应Avocado Oil 骆梨油保湿剂、含大量维他命A、C、D、EAzelaic Acid 壬二酸，杜鹃花酸抑制黑色素，抗菌消炎，用来治疗痤疮的温和成份BBaSO4 硫酸钡物理性防晒成份Babassuamidopropylamine 泡沫增强剂Bay Extract 月桂萃取收敛毛孔、抑制油份分泌Bearberry Extract 熊果萃取含食子单宁、葡萄糖甘等成份，具收敛、杀菌消毒、美白等功效Bees Wax 蜜蜡基质，可增强产品浓度Bentonite 膨润土，皂土有很好的清洁和吸附效果，亦具有抑制脸部油脂分泌的功效，用来调置面膜清洁皮肤，或是用作产品基质Benzalkonium Chloride 氯化苯二甲烃铵抗菌、防腐Benzoic Acid 安息香酸，苯甲酸防腐剂Benzophenones(Benzophenone-3) 二苯甲酮衍生物化学性防晒成分，可防御UVA，属苯甲酮类Benzoyl Alcohol 产品赋型剂，作为基质Benzoyl Peroxide 过氧化苯盐是一种氧化剂，有抑菌的效果，特别是对引起青春痘的痤疮杆菌这种厌氧菌特别有效Bergamot Mint Extract 佛手柑萃取收敛毛孔、平衡油脂分泌Betula Alba Extract 桦木芽萃取抗菌Betula Extract 桦木萃取抗菌、收敛、净化作用Bilberry Extract 覆盆子萃取消毒、收敛、消脂、排水Bio-Collagen 生化胶原蛋白保湿Bio-Enzyme 酵素，脢促进细胞新陈代谢Biocatalyst 酵素促进细胞新陈代谢Biopeptide 生化蛋白质刺激胶原蛋白合成，预防老化，有助组织重建Biopeptides 双性缩胺酸促进胶原蛋白、弹力蛋白的产生，改善松弛Biota Orientalis(L.) Endle Extract 侧柏叶萃取镇定肌肤Birch Tree Extract 桦树萃取消毒、收敛，增加皮肤愈合力Bisabolo Extract 没药萃取收敛、消毒杀菌加快伤口愈合Bisabolol 甜没药醇防刺激剂，提取自洋甘菊Bletilla Striata Reichenbach Extract 白芨萃取含天然维他命C，可减少黑色素沉淀Borage Oil 琉璃苣油天然油脂，含丰富的维他命Ｅ、Ｆ，修补凹洞Bromclain 菠萝酵素代谢老旧细胞角质Burdock Root Extract 牛蒡根萃取调节皮脂分泌、收敛作用Burdock 牛蒡消毒、预防粉刺、促进细胞生长、抗发炎Butyl Methoxydibenzoylmethane 化学性防晒成分，属Parsol 1789类，罕见过敏反应Butyl Paraben 丁酯防腐剂Butyl Stearate 硬脂酸赋型剂、基质Butylene Glycol 丁二醇保湿Butylhydroxyanisol 羟基茴香二丁酯酸化防止剂CC12-15 Alkyl Benzoate 赋型剂、基质CO-Q10 辅脢抗氧化，可以消灭自由基，维持细胞膜的完整和稳定Calcium Pantetheine Sulfonate 维他命B5衍生物，为紫外线吸收剂(化学性防晒成份) Calcium Pantothenate 泛酸钙，维他命B5 抗氧化，促进代谢Calendula Extract 金盏花萃取具舒缓、安抚敏感肌肤等功效Camellia Sinensis Extract 山茶萃取，茶多酚抗氧化Camphor 樟树抗痒、防过敏Candelilla Wax 墈地里拉蜡浓度增强剂Caprylic/Capric Triglyceride 三甘油酯皮肤润滑剂Carbomer 高份子胶浓度增强剂Carbopol 羧乙烯聚合物赋型剂Carboxymethyl Chitin 几丁质衍生物来自虾蟹外壳，为一高分子量之粘多醣体，具有保湿作用Carnauba Wax 棕榈蜡增加光泽感Carrageenan 鹿角菜胶保湿Carrot Oil 胡萝卜油可促使伤口愈合、镇痛、滋养、消毒、抗老化Carthamus Tinctorius L. Extract 红花萃取活化肌肤Castor Oil 蓖麻油含蓖麻油酸(Ricinoleic acid)，可润滑、保湿Centella Asiatica 老公根紧实肌肤、增加弹性Ceramide 3 分子钉保湿剂Ceramide 神经醯胺、细胞质脂保湿剂Ceresin 矿蜡乳化剂Ceteareth-12 乳化剂Ceteareth-20 乳化剂Cetearyl Alcohol 十六硬脂酸酯乳化剂Cetyl Acetate 鲸蜡醋酸盐油脂剂Cetyl Alcohol 鲸腊硬酯醇、十六醇乳化剂Cetyl Dimethicone 鲸蜡硅氧烷油脂剂Cetyl Palmitate 棕榈酸鲸腊酯乳化剂Chamomil Oil 洋甘菊油抗自由基、舒缓Chamomile Extract 洋甘菊萃取含丰富的甘菊蓝，具有防止皮肤发炎的功效，亦具有清洁、安定肌肤的效果Chlorella Extract 绿藻萃取滋润、保湿Cholecalciferol 维他命D3，胆骨化醇内用为增加钙质吸收，外用可治疗牛皮癣Cholesterol 胆固醇乳化剂Cinnamate 桂皮酸盐类化学性防晒成分，也是目前较安全的成份Cinnamon Essential Oil 肉桂精油防腐、杀菌Cinoxate 化学性防晒成分，属桂皮酸盐类Citric Acid 柠檬酸防腐剂及平衡酸碱度Citric Alcohol 柠檬醇乳化剂Citric Oil 柠檬油润肤Citron 法国香柠檬具提神醒肤、消除肌肉疲劳以及对毛孔粗大有收敛效果等作用Citronella Essential Oil 香茅精油清洁、杀菌Citrus Extract 柑橘萃取含有维他命C，具有防菌效果，可以控制油脂分泌作用及防止雀斑、黑斑的形成Coal Tar 煤焦油常用来做为唇膏的染料Cocamidopropyl Betaine 烷基醯胺类界面活性剂，起泡剂，清洁用Cocamidopropyl Hydroxy Sultane 烷基醯胺类界面活性剂，起泡剂，清洁用Cocoamide DEA 非离子界面活性剂清洁用品主要成份。