VS2 Nanosheets A Potential Anode Materiral for Li-ion Batteriers

专利名称：一种Pt/VS催化材料及其制备方法和应用专利类型：发明专利
发明人：朱婧婷,张文静,王卓,柯宇轩
申请号：CN201910389921.4
申请日：20190510
公开号：CN110064409B
公开日：
20220311
专利内容由知识产权出版社提供
摘要：本发明提供一种Pt/VS2催化材料及其制备方法和应用。

Pt/VS2催化材料包括VS2纳米材料以及分散于所述VS2纳米材料的Pt原子。

本发明将VS2催化剂与分散其中的Pt原子催化剂相结合，兼具高导电性和高活性位点密度，实现优化材料电催化析氢性能的同时，提高贵金属利用率、降低材料成本。

申请人：深圳大学
地址：518060 广东省深圳市南山区南海大道3688号
国籍：CN
代理机构：上海瀚桥专利代理事务所(普通合伙)
更多信息请下载全文后查看。

A review of advanced and practical lithium battery materialsRotem Marom,*S.Francis Amalraj,Nicole Leifer,David Jacob and Doron AurbachReceived 3rd December 2010,Accepted 31st January 2011DOI:10.1039/c0jm04225kPresented herein is a discussion of the forefront in research and development of advanced electrode materials and electrolyte solutions for the next generation of lithium ion batteries.The main challenge of the field today is in meeting the demands necessary to make the electric vehicle fully commercially viable.This requires high energy and power densities with no compromise in safety.Three families of advanced cathode materials (the limiting factor for energy density in the Li battery systems)are discussed in detail:LiMn 1.5Ni 0.5O 4high voltage spinel compounds,Li 2MnO 3–LiMO 2high capacity composite layered compounds,and LiMPO 4,where M ¼Fe,Mn.Graphite,Si,Li x TO y ,and MO (conversion reactions)are discussed as anode materials.The electrolyte is a key component that determines the ability to use high voltage cathodes and low voltage anodes in the same system.Electrode–solution interactions and passivation phenomena on both electrodes in Li-ion batteries also play significant roles in determining stability,cycle life and safety features.This presentation is aimed at providing an overall picture of the road map necessary for the future development of advanced high energy density Li-ion batteries for EV applications.IntroductionOne of the greatest challenges of modern society is to stabilize a consistent energy supply that will meet our growing energy demands.A consideration of the facts at hand related to the energy sources on earth reveals that we are not encountering an energy crisis related to a shortage in total resources.For instancethe earth’s crust contains enough coal for the production of electricity for hundreds of years.1However the continued unbridled usage of this resource as it is currently employed may potentially bring about catastrophic climatological effects.As far as the availability of crude oil,however,it in fact appears that we are already beyond ‘peak’production.2As a result,increasing oil shortages in the near future seem inevitable.Therefore it is of critical importance to considerably decrease our use of oil for propulsion by developing effective electric vehicles (EVs).EV applications require high energy density energy storage devices that can enable a reasonable driving range betweenDepartment of Chemistry,Bar-Ilan University,Ramat-Gan,52900,Israel;Web:http://www.ch.biu.ac.il/people/aurbach.E-mail:rotem.marom@live.biu.ac.il;aurbach@mail.biu.ac.ilRotem MaromRotem Marom received her BS degree in organic chemistry (2005)and MS degree in poly-mer chemistry (2007)from Bar-Ilan University,Ramat Gan,Israel.She started a PhD in electrochemistry under the supervision of Prof.D.Aurbach in 2010.She is currently con-ducting research on a variety of lithium ion battery materials for electric vehicles,with a focus on electrolyte solutions,salts andadditives.S :Francis AmalrajFrancis Amalraj hails from Tamil Nadu,India.He received his MSc in Applied Chemistry from Anna University.He then carried out his doctoral studies at National Chemical Laboratory,Pune and obtained his PhD in Chemistry from Pune University (2008).He is currently a postdoctoral fellow in Prof.Doron Aurbach’s group at Bar-Ilan University,Israel.His current research interest focuses on the synthesis,electrochemical and transport properties of high ener-getic electrode materials for energy conversion and storage systems.Dynamic Article Links CJournal ofMaterials ChemistryCite this:DOI:10.1039/c0jm04225k /materialsFEATURE ARTICLED o w n l o a d e d b y B e i j i n g U n i v e r s i t y o f C h e m i c a l T e c h n o l o g y o n 24 F e b r u a r y 2011P u b l i s h e d o n 23 F e b r u a r y 2011 o n h t t p ://p u b s .r s c .o r g | d o i :10.1039/C 0J M 04225KView Onlinecharges and maintain acceptable speeds.3Other important requirements are high power density and acceptable safety features.The energy storage field faces a second critical chal-lenge:namely,the development of rechargeable systems for load leveling applications (e.g.storing solar and wind energy,and reducing the massive wasted electricity from conventional fossil fuel combustion plants).4Here the main requirements are a very prolonged cycle life,components (i.e.,relevant elements)abun-dant in high quantities in the earth’s crust,and environmentally friendly systems.Since it is not clear whether Li-ion battery technology can contribute significantly to this application,battery-centered solutions for this application are not discussedherein.In fact,even for electrical propulsion,the non-petroleum power source with the highest energy density is the H 2/O 2fuel cell (FC).5However,despite impressive developments in recent years in the field,there are intrinsic problems related to electrocatalysis in the FCs and the storage of hydrogen 6that will need many years of R&D to solve.Hence,for the foreseeable future,rechargeable batteries appear to be the most practically viable power source for EVs.Among the available battery technologies to date,only Li-ion batteries may possess the power and energy densities necessary for EV applications.The commonly used Li-ion batteries that power almost all portable electronic equipment today are comprised of a graphite anode and a LiCoO 2cathode (3.6V system)and can reach a practical energy density of 150W h kg À1in single cells.This battery technology is not very useful for EV application due to its limited cycle life (especially at elevated temperatures)and prob-lematic safety features (especially for large,multi-cell modules).7While there are ongoing developments in the hybrid EV field,including practical ones in which only part of the propulsion of the car is driven by an electrical motor and batteries,8the main goal of the battery community is to be able to develop full EV applications.This necessitates the development of Li-ion batteries with much higher energy densities compared to the practical state-of-the-art.The biggest challenge is that Li-ion batteries are complicated devices whose components never reach thermodynamic stability.The surface chemistry that occurs within these systems is very complicated,as described briefly below,and continues to be the main factor that determines their performance.9Nicole Leifer Nicole Leifer received a BS degree in chemistry from MIT in 1998.After teaching high school chemistry and physics for several years at Stuyvesant High School in New York City,she began work towards her PhD in solid state physics from the City University of New York Grad-uate Center.Her research con-sisted primarily of employing solid state NMR in the study of lithium ion electrode materialsand electrode surfacephenomena with Prof.Green-baum at Hunter College andProf.Grey at Stony Brook University.After completing her PhD she joined Prof.Doron Aurbach for a postdoctorate at Bar-Ilan University to continue work in lithium ion battery research.There she continues her work in using NMR to study lithium materials in addition to new forays into carbon materials’research for super-capacitor applications with a focus on enhancement of electro-chemical performance through the incorporation of carbonnanotubes.David Jacob David Jacob earned a BSc from Amravati University in 1998,an MSc from Pune University in 2000,and completed his PhD at Bar-Ilan University in 2007under the tutelage of Professor Aharon Gedanken.As part of his PhD research,he developed novel methods of synthesizing metal fluoride nano-material structures in ionic liquids.Upon finishing his PhD he joined Prof.Doron Aurbach’s lithium ionbattery group at Bar-Ilan in2007as a post-doctorate and during that time developed newformulations of electrolyte solutions for Li-ion batteries.He has a great interest in nanotechnology and as of 2011,has become the CEO of IsraZion Ltd.,a company dedicated to the manufacturing of novelnano-materials.Doron Aurbach Dr Doron Aurbach is a full Professor in the Department of Chemistry at Bar-Ilan Univer-sity (BIU)in Ramat Gan,Israel and a senate member at BIU since 1996.He chaired the chemistry department there during the years 2001–2005.He is also the chairman of the Israeli Labs Accreditation Authority.He founded the elec-trochemistry group at BIU at the end of 1985.His groupconducts research in thefollowing fields:Li ion batteries for electric vehicles and for otherportable uses (new cathodes,anodes,electrolyte solutions,elec-trodes–solution interactions,practical systems),rechargeable magnesium batteries,electronically conducting polymers,super-capacitors,engineering of new carbonaceous materials,develop-ment of devices for storage and conversion of sustainable energy (solar,wind)sensors and water desalination.The group currently collaborates with several prominent research groups in Europe and the US and with several commercial companies in Israel and abroad.He is also a fellow of the ECS and ISE as well as an associate editor of Electrochemical and Solid State Letters and the Journal of Solid State Electrochemistry.Prof.Aurbach has more than 350journals publications.D o w n l o a d e d b y B e i j i n g U n i v e r s i t y o f C h e m i c a l T e c h n o l o g y o n 24 F e b r u a r y 2011P u b l i s h e d o n 23 F e b r u a r y 2011 o n h t t p ://p u b s .r s c .o r g | d o i :10.1039/C 0J M 04225KAll electrodes,excluding 1.5V systems such as LiTiO x anodes,are surface-film controlled (SFC)systems.At the anode side,all conventional electrolyte systems can be reduced in the presence of Li ions below 1.5V,thus forming insoluble Li-ion salts that comprise a passivating surface layer of particles referred to as the solid electrolyte interphase (SEI).10The cathode side is less trivial.Alkyl carbonates can be oxidized at potentials below 4V.11These reactions are inhibited on the passivated aluminium current collectors (Al CC)and on the composite cathodes.There is a rich surface chemistry on the cathode surface as well.In their lithiated state,nucleophilic oxygen anions in the surface layer of the cathode particles attack electrophilic RO(CO)OR solvents,forming different combinations of surface components (e.g.ROCO 2Li,ROCO 2M,ROLi,ROM etc.)depending on the electrolytes used.12The polymerization of solvent molecules such as EC by cationic stimulation results in the formation of poly-carbonates.13The dissolution of transition metal cations forms surface inactive Li x MO y phases.14Their precipitation on the anode side destroys the passivation of the negative electrodes.15Red-ox reactions with solution species form inactive LiMO y with the transition metal M at a lower oxidation state.14LiMO y compounds are spontaneously delithiated in air due to reactions with CO 2.16Acid–base reactions occur in the LiPF 6solutions (trace HF,water)that are commonly used in Li-ion batteries.Finally,LiCoO 2itself has a rich surface chemistry that influences its performance:4LiCo III O 2 !Co IV O 2þCo II Co III 2O 4þ2Li 2O !4HF4LiF þ2H 2O Co III compounds oxidize alkyl carbonates;CO 2is one of the products,Co III /Co II /Co 2+dissolution.14Interestingly,this process seems to be self-limiting,as the presence of Co 2+ions in solution itself stabilizes the LiCoO 2electrodes,17However,Co metal in turn appears to deposit on the negative electrodes,destroying their passivation.Hence the performance of many types of electrodes depends on their surface chemistry.Unfortunately surface studies provide more ambiguous results than bulk studies,therefore there are still many open questions related to the surface chemistry of Li-ion battery systems.It is for these reasons that proper R&D of advanced materials for Li-ion batteries has to include bulk structural and perfor-mance studies,electrode–solution interactions,and possible reflections between the anode and cathode.These studies require the use of the most advanced electrochemical,18structural (XRD,HR microscopy),spectroscopic and surface sensitive analytical techniques (SS NMR,19FTIR,20XPS,21Raman,22X-ray based spectroscopies 23).This presentation provides a review of the forefront of the study of advanced materials—electrolyte systems,current collectors,anode materials,and finally advanced cathodes materials used in Li-ion batteries,with the emphasis on contributions from the authors’group.ExperimentalMany of the materials reviewed were studied in this laboratory,therefore the experimental details have been provided as follows.The LiMO 2compounds studied were prepared via self-combus-tion reactions (SCRs).24Li[MnNiCo]O 2and Li 2MnO 3$Li/MnNiCo]O 2materials were produced in nano-andsubmicrometric particles both produced by SCR with different annealing stages (700 C for 1hour in air,900 C or 1000 C for 22hours in air,respectively).LiMn 1.5Ni 0.5O 4spinel particles were also synthesized using SCR.Li 4T 5O 12nanoparticles were obtained from NEI Inc.,USA.Graphitic material was obtained from Superior Graphite (USA),Timcal (Switzerland),and Conoco-Philips.LiMn 0.8Fe 0.2PO 4was obtained from HPL Switzerland.Standard electrolyte solutions (alkyl carbonates/LiPF 6),ready to use,were obtained from UBE,Japan.Ionic liquids were obtained from Merck KGaA (Germany and Toyo Gosie Ltd.,(Japan)).The surface chemistry of the various electrodes was charac-terized by the following techniques:Fourier transform infrared (FTIR)spectroscopy using a Magna 860Spectrometer from Nicolet Inc.,placed in a homemade glove box purged with H 2O and CO 2(Balson Inc.air purification system)and carried out in diffuse reflectance mode;high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM)and scanning electron microscopy (SEM),using a JEOL-JEM-2011(200kV)and JEOL-JSM-7000F electron microscopes,respectively,both equipped with an energy dispersive X-ray microanalysis system from Oxford Inc.;X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS)using an HX Axis spectrom-eter from Kratos,Inc.(England)with monochromic Al K a (1486.6eV)X-ray beam radiation;solid state 7Li magic angle spinning (MAS)NMR performed at 194.34MHz on a Bruker Avance 500MHz spectrometer in 3.2mm rotors at spinning speeds of 18–22kHz;single pulse and rotor synchronized Hahn echo sequences were used,and the spectra were referenced to 1M LiCl at 0ppm;MicroRaman spectroscopy with a spectrometerfrom Jobin-Yvon Inc.,France.We also used M €ossbauer spec-troscopy for studying the stability of LiMPO 4compounds (conventional constant-acceleration spectrometer,room temperature,50mC:57Co:Rh source,the absorbers were put in Perspex holders.In situ AFM measurements were carried out using the system described in ref.25.The following electrochemical measurements were posite electrodes were prepared by spreading slurries comprising the active mass,carbon powder and poly-vinylidene difluoride (PVdF)binder (ratio of 75%:15%:10%by weight,mixed into N -methyl pyrrolidone (NMP),and deposited onto aluminium foil current collectors,followed by drying in a vacuum oven.The average load was around 2.5mg active mass per cm 2.These electrodes were tested in two-electrode,coin-type cells (Model 2032from NRC Canada)with Li foil serving as the counter electrode,and various electrolyte puter-ized multi-channel battery analyzers from Maccor Inc.(USA)and Arbin Inc.were used for galvanostatic measurements (voltage vs.time/capacity,measured at constant currents).Results and discussionOur road map for materials developmentFig.1indicates a suggested road map for the direction of Li-ion research.The axes are voltage and capacity,and a variety of electrode materials are marked therein according to their respective values.As is clear,the main limiting factor is the cathode material (in voltage and capacity).The electrode mate-rials currently used in today’s practical batteries allow forD o w n l o a d e d b y B e i j i n g U n i v e r s i t y o f C h e m i c a l T e c h n o l o g y o n 24 F e b r u a r y 2011P u b l i s h e d o n 23 F e b r u a r y 2011 o n h t t p ://p u b s .r s c .o r g | d o i :10.1039/C 0J M 04225Ka nominal voltage of below 4V.The lower limit of the electro-chemical window of the currently used electrolyte solutions (alkyl carbonates/LiPF 6)is approximately 1.5V vs.Li 26(see later discussion about the passivation phenomena that allow for the operation of lower voltage electrodes,such as Li and Li–graphite).The anodic limit of the electrochemical window of the alkyl carbonate/LiPF 6solutions has not been specifically determined but practical accepted values are between 4.2and 5V vs.Li 26(see further discussion).With some systems which will be discussed later,meta-stability up to 4.9V can be achieved in these standard electrolyte solutions.Electrolyte solutionsThe anodic stability limits of electrolyte solutions for Li-ion batteries (and those of polar aprotic solutions in general)demand ongoing research in this subfield as well.It is hard to define the onset of oxidation reactions of nonaqueous electrolyte solutions because these strongly depend on the level of purity,the presence of contaminants,and the types of electrodes used.Alkyl carbonates are still the solutions of choice with little competition (except by ionic liquids,as discussed below)because of the high oxidation state of their central carbon (+4).Within this class of compounds EC and DMC have the highest anodic stability,due to their small alkyl groups.An additional benefit is that,as discussed above,all kinds of negative electrodes,Li,Li–graphite,Li–Si,etc.,develop excellent passivation in these solutions at low potentials.The potentiodynamic behavior of polar aprotic solutions based on alkyl carbonates and inert electrodes (Pt,glassy carbon,Au)shows an impressive anodic stability and an irreversible cathodic wave whose onset is $1.5vs.Li,which does not appear in consequent cycles due to passivation of the anode surface bythe SEI.The onset of these oxidation reactions is not well defined (>4/5V vs.Li).An important discovery was the fact that in the presence of Li salts,EC,one of the most reactive alkyl carbonates (in terms of reduction),forms a variety of semi-organic Li-con-taining salts that serve as passivation agents on Li,Li–carbon,Li–Si,and inert metal electrodes polarized to low potentials.Fig.2and Scheme 1indicates the most significant reduction schemes for EC,as elucidated through spectroscopic measure-ments (FTIR,XPS,NMR,Raman).27–29It is important to note (as reflected in Scheme 1)that the nature of the Li salts present greatly affects the electrode surface chemistry.When the pres-ence of the salt does not induce the formation of acidic species in solutions (e.g.,LiClO 4,LiN(SO 2CF 3)2),alkyl carbonates are reduced to ROCO 2Li and ROLi compounds,as presented in Fig. 2.In LiPF 6solutions acidic species are formed:LiPF 6decomposes thermally to LiF and PF 5.The latter moiety is a Lewis acid which further reacts with any protic contaminants (e.g.unavoidably present traces of water)to form HF.The presence of such acidic species in solution strongly affects the surface chemistry in two ways.One way is that PF 5interactswithFig.1The road map for R&D of new electrode materials,compared to today’s state-of-the-art.The y and x axes are voltage and specific capacity,respectively.Fig.2A schematic presentation of the CV behavior of inert (Pt)elec-trodes in various families of polar aprotic solvents with Li salts.26D o w n l o a d e d b y B e i j i n g U n i v e r s i t y o f C h e m i c a l T e c h n o l o g y o n 24 F e b r u a r y 2011P u b l i s h e d o n 23 F e b r u a r y 2011 o n h t t p ://p u b s .r s c .o r g | d o i :10.1039/C 0J M 04225Kthe carbonyl group and channels the reduction process of EC to form ethylene di-alkoxide species along with more complicated alkoxy compounds such as binary and tertiary ethers,rather than Li-ethylene dicarbonates (see schemes in Fig.2);the other way is that HF reacts with ROLi and ROCO 2Li to form ROH,ROCO 2H (which further decomposes to ROH and CO 2),and surface LiF.Other species formed from the reduction of EC are Li-oxalate and moieties with Li–C and C–F bonds (see Scheme 1).27–31Efforts have been made to enhance the formation of the passivation layer (on graphite electrodes in particular)in the presence of these solutions through the use of surface-active additives such as vinylene carbonate (VC)and lithium bi-oxalato borate (LiBOB).27At this point there are hundreds of publica-tions and patents on various passivating agents,particularly for graphite electrodes;their further discussion is beyond the scope of this paper.Readers may instead be referred to the excellent review by Xu 32on this subject.Ionic liquids (ILs)have excellent qualities that could render them very relevant for use in advanced Li-ion batteries,including high anodic stability,low volatility and low flammability.Their main drawbacks are their high viscosities,problems in wetting particle pores in composite structures,and low ionic conductivity at low temperatures.Recent years have seen increasing efforts to test ILs as solvents or additives in Li-ion battery systems.33Fig.3shows the cyclic voltammetric response (Pt working electrodes)of imidazolium-,piperidinium-,and pyrrolidinium-based ILs with N(SO 2CF 3)2Àanions containing LiN(SO 2CF 3)2salt.34This figure reflects the very wide electrochemical window and impressive anodic stability (>5V)of piperidium-and pyr-rolidium-based ILs.Imidazolium-based IL solutions have a much lower cathodic stability than the above cyclic quaternary ammonium cation-based IL solutions,as demonstrated in Fig.3.The cyclic voltammograms of several common electrode mate-rials measured in IL-based solutions are also included in the figure.It is clearly demonstrated that the Li,Li–Si,LiCoO 2,andLiMn 1.5Ni 0.5O 4electrodes behave reversibly in piperidium-and pyrrolidium-based ILs with N(SO 2CF 3)2Àand LiN(SO 2CF 3)2salts.This figure demonstrates the main advantage of the above IL systems:namely,the wide electrochemical window with exceptionally high anodic stability.It was demonstrated that aluminium electrodes are fully passivated in solutions based on derivatives of pyrrolidium with a N(SO 2CF 3)2Àanion and LiN(SO 2CF 3)2.35Hence,in contrast to alkyl carbonate-based solutions in which LiN(SO 2CF 3)2has limited usefulness as a salt due to the poor passivation of aluminium in its solutions in the above IL-based systems,the use of N(SO 2CF 3)2Àas the anion doesn’t limit their anodic stability at all.In fact it was possible to demonstrate prototype graphite/LiMn 1.5Ni 0.5O 4and Li/L-iMn 1.5Ni 0.5O 4cells operating even at 60 C insolutionsScheme 1A reaction scheme for all possible reduction paths of EC that form passivating surface species (detected by FTIR,XPS,Raman,and SSNMR 28–31,49).Fig.3Steady-state CV response of a Pt electrode in three IL solutions,as indicated.(See structure formulae presented therein.)The CV presentations include insets of steady-state CVs of four electrodes,as indicated:Li,Li–Si,LiCoO 2,and LiMn 1.5Ni 0.5O 4.34D o w n l o a d e d b y B e i j i n g U n i v e r s i t y o f C h e m i c a l T e c h n o l o g y o n 24 F e b r u a r y 2011P u b l i s h e d o n 23 F e b r u a r y 2011 o n h t t p ://p u b s .r s c .o r g | d o i :10.1039/C 0J M 04225Kcomprising alkyl piperidium-N(SO2CF3)2as the IL solvent and Li(SO2CF3)2as the electrolyte.34Challenges remain in as far as the use of these IL-based solutions with graphite electrodes.22Fig.4shows the typical steady state of the CV of graphite electrodes in the IL without Li salts.The response in this graph reflects the reversible behavior of these electrodes which involves the insertion of the IL cations into the graphite lattice and their subsequent reduction at very low potentials.However when the IL contains Li salt,the nature of the reduction processes drastically changes.It was recently found that in the presence of Li ions the N(SO2CF3)2Àanion is reduced to insoluble ionic compounds such as LiF,LiCF3, LiSO2CF3,Li2S2O4etc.,which passivate graphite electrodes to different extents,depending on their morphology(Fig.4).22 Fig.4b shows a typical SEM image of a natural graphite(NG) particle with a schematic view of its edge planes.Fig.4c shows thefirst CVs of composite electrodes comprising NG particles in the Li(SO2CF3)2/IL solution.These voltammograms reflect an irreversible cathodic wave at thefirst cycle that belongs to the reduction and passivation processes and their highly reversible repeated Li insertion into the electrodes comprising NG. Reversible capacities close to the theoretical ones have been measured.Fig.4d and e reflect the structure and behavior of synthetic graphiteflakes.The edge planes of these particles are assumed to be much rougher than those of the NG particles,and so their passivation in the same IL solutions is not reached easily. Their voltammetric response reflects the co-insertion of the IL cations(peaks at0.5V vs.Li)together with Li insertion at the lower potentials(<0.3V vs.Li).Passivation of this type of graphite is obtained gradually upon repeated cycling(Fig.4e), and the steady-state capacity that can be obtained is much lower than the theoretical one(372mA h gÀ1).Hence it seems that using graphite particles with suitable morphologies can enable their highly reversible and stable operation in cyclic ammonium-based ILs.This would make it possible to operate high voltage Li-ion batteries even at elevated temperatures(e.g. 4.7–4.8V graphite/LiMn1.5Ni0.5O4cells).34 The main challenge in thisfield is to demonstrate the reasonable performance of cells with IL-based electrolytes at high rates and low temperatures.To this end,the use of different blends of ILs may lead to future breakthroughs.Current collectorsThe current collectors used in Li-ion systems for the cathodes can also affect the anodic stability of the electrolyte solutions.Many common metals will dissolve in aprotic solutions in the potential ranges used with advanced cathode materials(up to5V vs.Li). Inert metals such as Pt and Au are also irrelevant due to cost considerations.Aluminium,however,is both abundantand Fig.4A collection of data related to the behavior of graphite electrodes in butyl,methyl piperidinium IL solutions.22(a)The behavior of natural graphite electrodes in pure IL without Li salt(steady-state CV is presented).(b)The schematic morphology and a SEM image of natural graphite(NG)flakes.(c)The CV response(3first consecutive cycles)of NG electrodes in IL/0.5lithium trifluoromethanesulfonimide(LiTFSI)solution.(d and e)Same as(b and c)but for synthetic graphiteflakes.DownloadedbyBeijingUniversityofChemicalTechnologyon24February211Publishedon23February211onhttp://pubs.rsc.org|doi:1.139/CJM4225Kcheap and functions very well as a current collector due to its excellent passivation properties which allow it a high anodic stability.The question remains as to what extent Al surfaces can maintain the stability required for advanced cathode materials (up to 5V vs.Li),especially at elevated temperatures.Fig.5presents the potentiodynamic response of Al electrodes in various EC–DMC solutions,considered the alkyl carbonate solvent mixture with the highest anodic stability,at 30and 60 C.37The inset to this picture shows several images in which it is demonstrated that Al surfaces are indeed active and develop unique morphologies in the various solutions due to their obvious anodic processes in solutions,some of which lead to their effective passivation.The electrolyte used has a critical impact on the anodic stability of the Al.In general,LiPF 6solutions demonstrate the highest stability even at elevated temperatures due to the formation of surface AlF 3and even Al(PF 6)3.Al CCs in EC–DMC/LiPF 6solutions provide the highest anodic stability possible for conventional electrode/solution systems.This was demonstrated for Li/LiMn 1.5Ni 0.5O 4spinel (4.8V)cells,even at 60 C.36This was also confirmed using bare Al electrodes polarized up to 5V at 60 C;the anodic currents were seen to decay to negligible values due to passivation,mostly by surface AlF 3.37Passivation can also be reached in Li(SO 2CF 3),LiClO 4and LiBOB solutions (Fig.5).Above 4V (vs.Li),the formation of a successful passivation layer on Al CCs is highly dependent on the electrolyte formula used.The anodic stability of EC–DMC/LiPF 6solutions and Al current collectors may be further enhanced by the use of additives,but a review of additives in itself deserves an article of its own and for this readers are again referred to the review by Xu.32When discussing the topic of current collectors for Li ion battery electrodes,it is important to note the highly innovative work on (particularly anodic)current collectors by Taberna et al.on nano-architectured Cu CCs 47and Hu et al.who assembled CCs based on carbon nano-tubes for flexible paper-like batteries,38both of whom demonstrated suberb rate capabilities.39AnodesThe anode section in Fig.1indicates four of the most promising groups of materials whose Li-ion chemistry is elaborated as follows:1.Carbonaceous materials/graphite:Li ++e À+C 6#LiC 62.Sn and Si-based alloys and composites:40,41Si(Sn)+x Li ++x e À#Li x Si(Sn),X max ¼4.4.3.Metal oxides (i.e.conversion reactions):nano-MO +2Li ++2e À#nano-MO +Li 2O(in a composite structure).424.Li x TiO y electrodes (most importantly,the Li 4Ti 5O 12spinel structure).43Li 4Ti 5O 12+x Li ++x e À#Li 4+x Ti 5O 12(where x is between 2and 3).Conversion reactions,while they demonstrate capacities much higher than that of graphite,are,practically speaking,not very well-suited for use as anodes in Li-ion batteries as they generally take place below the thermodynamic limit of most developed electrolyte solutions.42In addition,as the reactions require a nanostructuring of the materials,their stability at elevated temperatures will necessarily be an issue because of the higher reactivity (due to the 1000-fold increase in surface area).As per the published research on this topic,only a limited meta-stability has been demonstrated.Practically speaking,it does not seem likely that Li batteries comprising nano-MO anodes will ever reach the prolonged cycle life and stability required for EV applications.Tin and silicon behave similarly upon alloying with Li,with similar stoichiometries and >300%volume changes upon lith-iation,44but the latter remain more popular,as Si is much more abundant than Sn,and Li–Si electrodes indicate a 4-fold higher capacity.The main approaches for attaining a workable revers-ibility in the Si(Sn)–Li alloying reactions have been through the use of both nanoparticles (e.g.,a Si–C nanocomposites 45)and composite structures (Si/Sn–M1–M2inter-metalliccompounds 44),both of which can better accommodate these huge volume changes.The type of binder used in composite electrodes containing Si particles is very important.Extensive work has been conducted to determine suitable binders for these systems that can improve the stability and cycle life of composite silicon electrodes.46As the practical usage of these systems for EV applications is far from maturity,these electrodes are not dis-cussed in depth in this paper.However it is important to note that there have been several recent demonstrations of how silica wires and carpets of Si nano-rods can act as much improved anode materials for Li battery systems in that they can serveasFig.5The potentiodynamic behavior of Al electrodes (current density measured vs.E during linear potential scanning)in various solutions at 30and 60 C,as indicated.The inset shows SEM micrographs of passivated Al surfaces by the anodic polarization to 5V in the solutions indicated therein.37D o w n l o a d e d b y B e i j i n g U n i v e r s i t y o f C h e m i c a l T e c h n o l o g y o n 24 F e b r u a r y 2011P u b l i s h e d o n 23 F e b r u a r y 2011 o n h t t p ://p u b s .r s c .o r g | d o i :10.1039/C 0J M 04225K。

双相MoS2的制备及其析氢性能研究发布时间：2023-02-06T02:17:37.348Z 来源：《科技新时代》2022年9月17期作者：孙久强1，李有才2，黄国云1，边守臣1，黄杰1，黄安1，梁砚琴3[导读] 二硫化钼（MoS2）因具有独特的层状结构以及较高的本征催化活性，孙久强1，李有才2，黄国云1，边守臣1，黄杰1，黄安1，梁砚琴31中海油田服务股份有限公司一体化和新能源事业部2中交疏浚技术装备国家工程研究中心有限公司3天津大学材料学院摘要：二硫化钼（MoS2）因具有独特的层状结构以及较高的本征催化活性，被认为是可替代贵金属催化剂的材料之一。

但是，2H-MoS2表现为半导体特性，其催化性能受到其导电能力及活性位点数目的制约。

因此，本文通过Li离子插层化学剥离法对块状2H相MoS2进行改性，制备出了尺寸为几到几十纳米的双相（1T相与2H相）MoS2纳米片，并系统评价了改性后催化剂的析氢活性与稳定性。

相比于块体MoS2，MoS2纳米片表现出更佳的析氢（HER）催化性能，在电流密度为10mAcm2下的过电位较前者降低了170 mV，这主要归因于1T-MoS2能够暴露更多的活性位点，且1T-MoS2的存在促使催化剂的导电性增加。

1.前言化石燃料过度使用所带来的能源与环境危机日益严峻，寻找新型清洁能源刻不容缓。

氢能作为一种绿色、清洁、可再生的能源，其能量密度高，是一种代替传统化石燃料的理想能量载体[1-5]。

电解水制氢是制备氢气的重要方法。

目前催化性能最好的是商业Pt基催化剂，起始电位接近于零，但Pt基催化剂价格高昂、储量稀少，这限制了其大规模使用。

目前电解水制氢研究的关键在于电极催化剂的设计，既要保证催化剂具有高催化活性，又要价格低廉、易于制备[6-8]。

MoS2作为理论上最有可能替代贵金属HER催化剂的材料之一[9, 10]。

MoS2中析氢催化反应的活性位主要来自于片层结构的边缘，而基面没有催化活性。

在离子液体中用阳极氧化铝模板电沉积制备稀土镧纳米线苏轶坤;姚营;辛亮亮;汤皎宁
【期刊名称】《应用化工》
【年(卷),期】2006(35)8
【摘要】采用二次阳极氧化法获得纳米多孔阳极氧化铝(AAO)模板,在尿素-NaBr-KBr-甲酰胺离子液体中,用AAO模板电沉积稀土镧纳米线.扫描电子显微镜(SEM)结果显示,自制AAO模板孔洞分布均匀,孔径基本一致(约60～70 nm) ,孔口呈六边形.经过XRD、EDS和SEM对电沉积样品的成分和形貌进行表征和分析,显示在AAO模板中有镧纳米线的存在.
【总页数】3页(P572-574)
【作者】苏轶坤;姚营;辛亮亮;汤皎宁
【作者单位】深圳大学理学院,材料系,深圳市特种功能材料重点实验室,广东,深圳,518060;深圳大学理学院,材料系,深圳市特种功能材料重点实验室,广东,深
圳,518060;深圳大学理学院,材料系,深圳市特种功能材料重点实验室,广东,深
圳,518060;深圳大学理学院,材料系,深圳市特种功能材料重点实验室,广东,深
圳,518060
【正文语种】中文
【中图分类】O646
【相关文献】
1.阳极氧化铝模板中直接直流电沉积铁纳米线 [J], 刘丽来;闫红丹;尚杰;李学铭;张鹏翔
2.离子液体中电沉积制备钴纳米线阵列 [J], 杨培霞;安茂忠;苏彩娜;王福平
3.大长径比有序多孔阳极氧化铝模板的制备及用于镍纳米线阵列 [J], 张华;胡耀娟;吴萍;张卉;蔡称心
4.阳极氧化铝模板法可控制备金属纳米线和纳米管阵列的生长机制 [J], 郭元元;汪明;毛晓波;蒋月秀;王琛;杨延莲
5.多孔阳极氧化铝模板法交流电沉积单晶镍纳米线阵列 [J], 袁新国;彭乔
因版权原因，仅展示原文概要，查看原文内容请购买。

j hazard mater影响因子随着纳米二氧化钛材料(nTiO2)在各种工业产品中的广泛生产和使用，人们日益关切其对环境造成的潜在的生态和健康风险。

研究表明，nTiO2在紫外照射下产生的活性氧对微生物产生不利的生物效应，但也有报道指出，在黑暗中长期接触nTiO2可诱导细菌细胞壁增厚和生物膜形成，促进微生物适应环境。

因此，nTiO2对微生物造成何种影响，需要深入而细致的探讨。

2022年3月，来自湘潭大学的张鹏研究团队在Journal of Hazardous Materials （IF 14.224）上发表题为”Quantitative proteomics and phosphoproteomics elucidate the molecular mechanism of nanostructured TiO2-stimulated biofilm formation”的文章，该研究整合蛋白质组学与磷酸化修饰组学探讨微生物适应纳米材料的分子机制。

本研究发现，nTiO2显著改变活性污泥中菌群结构，其中大肠杆菌可通过形成生物膜适应亚致死的nTiO2。

中科新生命为其提供了蛋白质组学和磷酸化修饰组学技术服务。

研究材料nTiO2，Escherichia coli K12技术路线步骤1：nTiO2选择性富集细菌病原体并增加微生物群落的多样性；步骤2：nTiO2胁迫下大肠杆菌蛋白质组学及磷酸化修饰组学分析；步骤3：nTiO2通过增强铁的吸收促进生物膜的生成；步骤4：nTiO2通过增强转录和翻译过程提高大肠杆菌对抗菌剂适应性；步骤5：nTiO2通过CsgD的去磷酸化增加了生物膜的生成。

研究结果 1. nTiO2选择性富集细菌病原体并增加微生物群落的多样性研究人员向活性污泥中分别添加0、5、50 mg/L nTiO2，30h后观察胁迫条件下生物膜的生长情况。

结果显示，随着时间的推移，生物膜生物量逐渐增加，并且暴露于nTiO2的活性污泥具有更高的细菌丰度和群落多样性。

专利名称：谷胱甘肽荧光探针及其制备方法和用途专利类型：发明专利
发明人：陈小强,王莉,王芳,马洋,郁文翔
申请号：CN201310232554.X
申请日：20130609
公开号：CN103289681A
公开日：
20130911
专利内容由知识产权出版社提供
摘要：本发明涉及谷胱甘肽荧光探针及其制备方法和用途，探针结构如式（1）所示；其制备方法为：将2,4-二硝基氟苯、荧光素和碳酸钾溶解于无水DMF中，反应后即生成谷胱甘肽荧光探针；其用途为用于非诊断性质的谷胱甘肽含量检测。

本发明荧光探针仅与谷胱甘肽发生荧光反应，对其它氨基酸均无反应，具有很好的选择性和特异性；该探针制备工艺简单易行，易于规模化生产。

申请人：南京工业大学
地址：210009 江苏省南京市新模范马路5号
国籍：CN
代理机构：南京苏科专利代理有限责任公司
更多信息请下载全文后查看。

新型金属硫化物二维半导体材料性质探明
佚名
【期刊名称】《分析测试学报》
【年(卷),期】2014(33)4
【摘要】中国科学院半导体研究所超晶格国家重点实验室博士后杨圣雪、博士生
李燕，在研究员李京波、中科院院士李树深和夏建白等人的指导下，取得二维GaS超薄半导体基础研究的新进展，探明了新型超薄金属硫化物二维半导体材料
性质。

相关成果发表在英国皇家化学会主办的《纳米尺度》上，并被选为热点论文。

【总页数】1页(P448-448)
【关键词】中国科学院半导体研究所;金属硫化物;材料性质;二维;国家重点实验室;
中科院院士;基础研究;纳米尺度
【正文语种】中文
【中图分类】O614
【相关文献】
1.二维半导体过渡金属硫化物的逻辑集成器件 [J], 李卫胜;周健;王瀚宸;汪树贤;于
志浩;黎松林;施毅;王欣然
2.二维过渡金属硫化物硫化铼材料的表面增强拉曼散射效应 [J],
3.二维过渡金属硫化物二次谐波:材料表征、信号调控及增强 [J], 曾周晓松;王笑;
潘安练
4.中科院探明新型金属硫化物二维半导体材料性质 [J], 无
5.二维过渡金属硫化物热电材料的研究进展 [J], 柏祖志;郭勇;刘聪聪
因版权原因，仅展示原文概要，查看原文内容请购买。

纳米双相复合钕铁硼永磁材料磁性能的分析技术摘要:可以通过采用熔体快淬和晶化热处理方法制备纳米晶双相复合钕铁硼永磁材料。

然后利用XRD、TEM、VSM以及多功能磁测量仪等手段研究制备工艺参数、成分变化对其微观结构和磁性能的影响规律。

本文主要讲述的是如何利用这些测试方法研究材料的磁性能。

关键词：钕铁硼永磁材料、XRD、TEM、VSMThe testing methods of two-phase nanocrystalline Nd-Fe-Bpermanent magnetsHuang xiaoqian(School of Material Science and Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200072, China)Abstract：Two-phase nanocrystalline Nd-Fe-B permanent magnets can be prepared by melt-spun and subsequent heat-treatment. We can get the optimum process parameters and composition of the Nd-Fe-B type alloys by studying their microstructure and magnetic properties via the methods of XRD, TEM, VSM and magnetic properties analysis. This paper is mainly about how to use these testing methods to study the magnetic properties of materials.Key words: Nd-Fe-B permanent magnets, XRD, TEM, VSM1.前言：1.1 简介：磁性材料包括硬磁材料、软磁材料、半硬磁材料、磁致伸缩材料、磁性薄膜、磁性微粉等。

专利名称：一种纳米结构聚苯胺复合水凝胶及其制备方法及应用
专利类型：发明专利
发明人：刘天西,于晓辉,凡小山
申请号：CN202110655083.8
申请日：20210611
公开号：CN113336971B
公开日：
20220524
专利内容由知识产权出版社提供
摘要：本发明涉及一种纳米结构聚苯胺复合水凝胶及其制备方法及应用，所述复合水凝胶先通过微相分离技术制备得到聚苯胺纳米颗粒，再通过加入丙烯酸和甲基丙烯酸聚乙二醇酯通过热引发自由基聚合，即得。

本发明的纳米结构聚苯胺复合水凝胶可用于应变传感器。

克服了目前导电聚合物复合水凝胶机械耐受性较差的局限性，并且通过微相分离技术使得聚苯胺以纳米结构均匀分散在水凝胶网络中，进一步提升了材料的导电性。

纳米结构的聚苯胺颗粒在水凝胶网络中均匀分散，使得材料具有优秀的电导率。

此外，由于没有添加化学交联剂，丙烯酸与聚乙二醇单甲醚丙烯酸酯中丰富的动态氢键确保了材料在可以耐受巨大形变的同时呈现出超柔软的特性。

申请人：东华大学
地址：201103 上海市长宁区延安西路1882号
国籍：CN
代理机构：北京力量专利代理事务所(特殊普通合伙)
代理人：毛雨田
更多信息请下载全文后查看。

环结束后处理并分析蓝电测试系统上获得的数据从而进一步获得充放电比容量、库伦效率以及充放电曲线等一系列电化学数据与图表，接着对上述获得的数据和图表进行分析就能够知道测试电池的性能。

第二部分是电池的倍率性能测试：在不同电流密度（电流密度从小到大最后再直接从最大电流回到最小电流）下对测试电池完成几次（每个电流密度下测试5次）循环测试过程，由此获得倍率性能。

2.3电化学阻抗谱测试采用的方法为给接受测试的电池加上一个不同频率的小振幅交流信号，通过这个方法测得了交流信号电压和电流之间的比值（这个比值即为系统的阻抗）如何受正弦波频率ω的影响而变化。

四、结果与讨论1.结构形貌分析如图2所示为CNT/VS2的场发射扫描电子显微镜图像，图a和图b分别为低倍数场发射扫描电镜图和高倍数场发射扫描电镜图。

从图a可以看出，碳纳米管互相络合形成的网络结构宏观上包覆着二硫化钒的分层纳米片结构。

图b为单层二硫化钒纳米片上包覆的碳纳米管，我们能够清晰的看出碳纳米管的管状结构，直径大小为10nm左右。

综上，我们制备的为既含有碳纳米管也含有二硫化钒的复合材料。

碳纳米管形成的网络结构起到了支撑作用，能够有效缓解体积膨胀效应，同时可以提供更多反应位点，二硫化钒提供容量。

碳纳米管和二硫化钒的合理复合是提升电化学性能的重要图2 CNT/VS2的场发射扫描电子显微镜图像图3CNT/VS2的元素映射谱图以及能量色散谱仪(EDS)谱图为了研究CNT/VS2的元素组成以及元素分布，将其进行SEM的元素映射谱图以及能量色散谱仪(EDS)谱图分析。

得到的对应的图像以及谱图如图3所示。

从对应的元素映射图谱来观察，能够清晰的看到，在CNT/VS2之中存在的C、O、S、V四种元素的分布方式是均匀的，我们将四种对应的元素依次用暗绿、暗红、暗蓝、暗黄来标示，因此能够说明二硫化钒与碳纳米管复合得较均匀。

从EDS图谱之中，我们也能够同时看出有C、O、S、V四种元素存在并且其在图中的分布方式也是均匀的，这也说明了制备出来的CNT/VS2这一种复合材料各部分的组成是一致的。

大学University 2021年第19期基金项目:国家自然科学基金项目“基于宏观相分离一步构筑快速驱动反馈的仿生离子皮肤及性能研究”（项目编号：22002104）；浙江省自然科学项目“一步构建高灵敏度协同响应的各向异性水凝胶及相关机制研究”（项目编号：LQ20E030007）。

作者简介:肖圣威（1985—），男，博士，台州学院医药化工与材料工程学院讲师，研究方向：高分子智能水凝胶设计与制备；何志才（1978—），男，博士，台州学院医药化工与材料工程学院副教授，研究方向：橡/塑材料的高性能化和轻量化研究。

新时代应用型高校“教-赛-研”一体化教学模式探索肖圣威，何志才（台州学院医药化工与材料工程学院，浙江台州318000）摘要：如何培养出创新型人才是我高等教育的重要研究课题之一。

当前，高校教育质量和教师队伍素质的优化要求教学和科研两个方面同步发展，而“教-赛-研”一体化教学模式的开发对教师教学和科研质量，以及学生综合能力的提升都起到重要的推动作用。

本文从应用型高校教学与科研的关系入手，深入开展分析，明确“教-赛-研”一体化教学模式价值，探索其应用现状，针对性提出合理的发展策略。

关键词：应用型高校；“教-赛-研”一体化；创新型人才中图分类号：G641文献标识码：A 文章编号：1673-7164（2021）19-0009-04《国家中长期教育改革和发展规划纲要（2010—2020）》中明确提出，未来我国教育工作的主要方向之一是“改革创新”，即在高等教育的主阵地上培养创新型人才。

教师是高校的中坚力量，是衡量人才培养水平的重要标志。

然而，在实际工作中很多高校的教师由于受到评价指标的限制而出现重研轻教的情况，导致教师放在教学上的时间和精力严重不足，出现教学和科研的矛盾冲突。

如何平衡教学与科研的矛盾关系是我国乃至世界大学面临的共同难题。

一、应用型高校教学与科研的关系教学与科研是高校教师的两项主要职责，全世界的大学几乎都经历了从教学为主到科教并重的转变。

南理工微纳米金属、结构、材料研究工作获支持
佚名
【期刊名称】《中国粉体工业》
【年(卷),期】2013(000)006
【摘要】南京理工大学“微纳米材料与装备引智基地”日前入选教育部、国家外国专家局公布的“高等学校学科创新引智计划”2014年度建设项目。

【总页数】1页(P47-47)
【正文语种】中文
【中图分类】TB383
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3.建材行业重点支持新型无机非金属结构材料和无机非金属功能材料 [J], 无
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因版权原因，仅展示原文概要，查看原文内容请购买。

nano materials science 分区Nano materials science 是一个涉及纳米尺度材料研究的学科领域，主要关注纳米材料的物理、化学、机械、电子等性质及其应用。

其研究范围涉及纳米颗粒、纳米管、纳米棒、纳米盘、纳米结构、纳米晶等各种纳米结构和界面材料。

在SCI期刊分区中，nano materials science 主要分为Materials Science、Chemistry和Physics三个大类别。

具体如下：Materials Science该领域的期刊涉及纳米材料的合成、表征、结构、性质和应用等方面，例如：- Nano Letters：侧重于纳米结构材料的合成和表征；- ACS Nano：侧重于新型纳米材料的合成与性能调控；- Advanced Materials：侧重于纳米材料在电子学、光学、生物医学等领域的应用研究。

Chemistry该领域的期刊关注纳米材料的化学合成、表征、反应机理等方面，例如：- Chemical Reviews：关注纳米结构合成、表征、性能以及生物化学应用等；- The Journal of Physical Chemistry C：关注纳米材料在电子、能源和催化等领域的应用研究；- Nano Research：涵盖了纳米材料的全领域。

Physics该领域的期刊主要研究纳米材料的物理性质、电学性质、热学性质等方面，例如：- Physical Review Letters：关注纳米尺度物理学研究，包括材料、器件和系统等；- Nano Energy：关注纳米材料在能源转化、储存和利用等方面的应用研究；- ACS Photonics：关注纳米材料在光学领域的应用研究，如光电转换、激光器件等。

纳米材料的研究是一个跨学科的领域，其分区可根据不同研究方向和需求进行选择。

基于飞秒激光超快光谱的生物表界面力学参数全光测量(特邀)张何;许文雄;李奇维;夏传晟;王潇璇;丁海波;徐春祥;崔乾楠
【期刊名称】《光子学报》
【年(卷),期】2022(51)10
【摘要】通过飞秒激光泵浦探测,在多层二硫化钼与生物水凝胶复合界面上,实现了GHz超高频声波的全光产生与时间分辨探测。

进一步,采用频谱分析与理论解析手段,获取了生物水凝胶的声速和杨氏模量等力学参数。

研究结果为生物表界面力学参数提供了一种全光无损测量方法,可为基于二维半导体的新型光声换能器构建、生物表界面力学参数的成像和超高时空分辨探测技术发展提供理论和实验参考。

【总页数】9页(P208-216)
【作者】张何;许文雄;李奇维;夏传晟;王潇璇;丁海波;徐春祥;崔乾楠
【作者单位】东南大学生物科学与医学工程学院生物电子学国家重点实验室
【正文语种】中文
【中图分类】O433.1
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文档下载后可定制修改，请根据实际需要进行调整和使用，谢谢！本店铺为大家提供各种类型的实用资料，如教育随笔、日记赏析、句子摘抄、古诗大全、经典美文、话题作文、工作总结、词语解析、文案摘录、其他资料等等，想了解不同资料格式和写法，敬请关注！Download tips: This document is carefully compiled by this editor. I hope that after you download it, it can help you solve practical problems. The document can be customized and modified after downloading, please adjust and use it according to actual needs, thank you! In addition, this shop provides you with various types of practical materials, such as educational essays, diary appreciation, sentence excerpts, ancient poems, classic articles, topic composition, work summary, word parsing, copy excerpts, other materials and so on, want to know different data formats and writing methods, please pay attention!Certainly! Here's a demonstration article structured with clear sections and subsections:引言在材料科学领域，二维晶体材料因其独特的电子结构和表面效应，在能源转换、电子器件和传感器等领域展示出巨大的应用潜力。

基于SPM技术的二维纳米材料制备及其应用研究二维纳米材料是近年来材料科学领域研究的热点之一。

其具有的大比表面积、优异的光、电、热等性能使其备受关注。

而SPM技术（扫描探针显微镜技术）则是制备和研究二维纳米材料的重要手段之一。

本文将就SPM技术在二维纳米材料制备及其应用的研究进展进行概述。

一、SPM技术SPM技术属于原子力显微镜（AFM）的范畴，可用于研究材料表面形貌和物理性质。

其优势在于对样品操作无损伤、分辨率高等特点。

而在制备二维纳米材料方面，常用的有STM（扫描隧道显微镜）、AFM等技术。

二、制备方法1.气相沉积法气相沉积法是二维纳米材料制备的常用方法之一。

其优点在于样品制备过程中得到的材料晶粒尺寸小、表面平整度好。

常用的气相沉积方法有CVD（化学气相沉积法）和MBE（分子束外延法）等。

CVD法主要适用于高温条件下的化学反应制备，而MBE法则是在超高真空下用精确控制的分子束喷射法制备。

2.液相化学还原法液相化学还原法是将金属离子还原成金属纳米颗粒的方法。

由于反应温度低、操作简单、产品精度高等特点，成为制备金属纳米材料的一种较为常用的方法。

同时该方法也可以制备碳纳米管和三角形的银纳米花。

3.机械剥离法机械剥离法是指利用化学气相沉积得到的多层二维材料通过机械剥离方法进行层剥离，使其形成单层材料的方法。

常见的机械剥离方法有机械剪切、化学涂覆法等。

这种方法可以在其它条件未发生变化时保持材料的天然形态，因此特别适用于层间距大的二维层材料。

三、应用研究1.电子学应用由于二维材料具有理想的物理和化学性质，其在电子学应用领域中有着重要的地位。

例如，由石墨烯类材料制成的场效应晶体管、量子点太阳能电池、电子隧道晶体管等均为典型的二维材料电子学应用。

2.催化应用二维纳米材料在化学催化领域应用广泛。

例如利用石墨烯类材料作为催化剂，可用于二氧化碳还原反应等反应的催化反应。

3.生物医学应用二维纳米材料在生物医学应用领域应用前景广阔。