1第七课aA 21…boy and man, I had been through it often before.3As a boy and later when I was a grown-up man, I had of- ten travelled through the region. 42. But somehow I had never quite sensed its appaling desolation.5But somehow in the past I never really perceived how shocking and wretched this whole region 6was.73….it reduced the whole aspiration of man to a macabre and depressing joke.8This dreadful scene makes all human endeavors to advance and improve their lot appear as a 9ghastly,saddening joke.4.The country itself is not uncomely, despite the grim of the endless mills.1The country itself is pleasant to look at, despite the sooty dirt spread by the innumerable 2mills in this region.35.They have taken as their model a brick set on end.4The model they followed in building their houses was a brick standing upright. / All the houses 5they built looked like bricks standing upright.66.This they have converted into a thing of dingy clapboards, with a narrow, low-pitched roof. 7These brick-like houses were made of shabby,thin wooden boards and their roofs were narrow 8and had little slope.97.When it has taken on the patina of the mills it is the color of an egg long past all hope 0or caring.1When the brick is covered with the black soot of the mills it takes on the color of a rotten 2egg.38.Red brick, even in a steel town, ages with some dignity.4Red brick, even in a steel town, looks quite respectable with the passing of time. / Even 5in a steel town, old red bricks still appear pleasing to the eye.69.I award this championship only after laborious research and incessant prayer.7I have given Westmoreland the highest award for ugliness after having done a lot of hard work 8and research and after continuous praying.910.They show grotesqueries of ugliness that, in retroapect, become almost diabolical.They show such fantastic and bizarre ugliness that, in looking back, they become almost 1fiendish and wicked./ When one looks back at these houses whose ugliness is so fantastic and bizarre, 2one feels they must be the work of the devil himself.311.It is incredible that mere ignorance should have achieved such masterpieces of horror. 4It is hard to believe that people built such horrible houses just because they did not know 5what beautiful houses were like.612.on certain levels of the American race, indeed, there seems to be a positive libido for 7the ugly…8People in certain strata of American society seem definite- ly to hunger after ugly things; 9while in other less Chris- tian strata, people seem to long for things beautiful.13.they meet, in some unfathomable way, its obscure and unintelligible demands.1These ugly designs, in some way that people cannot un- derstand, satisfy the hidden and 2unintelligible demands of this type of mind.314….they made it perfect in their own sight by putting a completely impossible penthouse, 4painted a staring yellow, on top of it.5They put a penthouse on top of it, painted in a bright, conspicuous yellow color and thought 6it looked perfect but they only managed to make it absolutely intolerable.715.out of the melting pot emerges a race which hates beauty as it hates truth.8From the intermingling of different nationalities and races in the United States emerges the 9American race which hates beauty as strongly as it hates truth．12第八课31….by the very fact of production, he has risen above the animal kingdom…4Because of the fact itself that man produces, he has developed far beyond all other animals. 52.Work is also his liberator from nature, his creator as a social and independent being.6Work also frees man from nature and makes him into a social being independent of nature. 73…all are expressions of the creative transformation of nature by man’s reason and skill. 8All the above-mentioned work shows how man has trans formed nature through his reason and skill. 94.There is no split of work and play, or work and culture.Therefore pleasure and work went together so did the cultural development of the worker go 1hand in hand with the work he was doing.25.Work became the chief factor in a system of “innerwordly asceticiam,”an answer to man’s 3sense of aloneness and isolation.4Work became the chief element in a system that preached an austere and self-denying way of 5life. Work was the only thing that brought relief to those who felt alone and isolat ed leading 6this kind of ascetic life.76.Work has become alienated from the working person.8In capitalist society the worker feels estranged from or hostile to the work he is doing. 97. Work is a means of getting money, not in itself a meaningful human activity.Work helps the worker to earn some money; and earning money only is an activity without much 1significance or pur pose.28…a pay check is not enough to base one’s self-respect on.3Just earning some money is not enough to make a worker have a proper respect of himself. 49…most industrial psychologists are mainly concerned with the manipulation of the worker’s 5psyche,6Most industrial psychologists are mainly trying to manage and control the mind of the worker. 710.It is going to pay off in cold dollars and cents to management.8Better relations with the public will yield larger profits to management. The management will 9earn larger profits ifit has better relations with the public.111.But this usefulness often serves only as a rationalization for the appeal to complete 2passivity and receptivity.3The fact that many gadgets are indeed useful is often used by advertisers as a more 4"high-minded" cover for what is really a vulgar, base appeal to idleness and willingness to accept 5things.612….he has a feeling of fraudulency about his product and a secret contempt for it.7The businessman knows the quality or usefulness of his product is not what it should be. He 8despises the goods he produces, conscious of the deception involved.91第九课21.with a clamor of bells that set the swallows soaring, the Festival of Summer came to the 3city Omelas.4The 1oud ringing of the bells, which sent the frightened swallows flying high, marked the 5beginning of the Festival of Summer in Omelas.62…their high calls rising like the swallows’crossing flights over the music and the singing. 7The shouting of the children could be heard clearly above the music and singing like the calls 8of the swallows flying by overhead.93…exercised their restive hoeses befor the race.The riders were putting the horses through some exercises because the horses were eager to 1start and stubbornly resisting the control of the riders.24.Given a description such as this one tends to make certain assumptions.3After reading the above description the reader is likely to assume certain things.45.These were not simple folk, not dulcet shepherds, noble savages, bland utopian.5The citizens of Omelas were not simple people, not kind and gentle shepherds, not savages 6of high birth, nor mild idealists dreaming of a perfect society.76.This is the treason of the artist:a refusal to admit the banality of evil and the terrible 8boredom of pain.9An artist betrays his trust when he does not admit that evil is nothing fresh nor novel and 0pain is very dull and uninteresting.17.They were mature, intelligent, passionate adults whose lives were not wretched.2They were fully developed and intelligent grown-up people full of intense feelings and they 3were not miserable people.48.Perhaps it would be best if you imagined it your own fancy bids, assuming it will rise to 5the occasion.6Perhaps it would be best if the reader pictures Omelas to himself as his imagination tells 7him, assuming his imagination will be equal to the task.89.The faint insistent sweetness of drooz may perfume the ways of the city.9The faint but compelling sweet scent of the drug drooz may fill the streets of the city. 010.Perhaps it was born defective, or perhaps it has become imbecile through fear, malnutrition, 1and neglect.2Perhaps the child was mentally retarded because it was born so or perhaps it has become very 3foolish and stupid because of fear, poor nourishment and neglect.411.Its habits are too uncouth for it to respond to humane treatment.5The habits of the child are so crude and uncultured that it will show no sign of improvement 6even if it is treated kindly and tenderly.712.Their tears at the bitter injustice dry when they begin to perceive the terrible justice 8of reality,and to accept it.9They shed tears when they see how terribly unjust they have been to the child, but these tears 0dry up when they realize how just and fair though terrible reality was.12345第十课61.The slightest mention of the decade brings nostalgic recollections to the middle aged.7At the very mention of this post-war period, middle-aged people begin to think about it 8longingly.92.The rejection of Victorian gentility was, in any case, inevitable.In any case, an American could not avoid casting aside its middle-class respectability and 1affected refinement.23.The war acted merely as a catalytic agent in this breakdown of the Victorian slcial 3structure,…4The war only helped to speed up the breakdown of the Victorian social structure.54…it was tempted, in America at least, to escape its responsibilities and retreat behind an 6air of naughty alcoholic sophistication…7In America at least, the young people were strongly inclined to shirk their responsibilities. 8They pretended to be worldly-wise, drinking and behaving naughtily.95.Prohibition afforded the young the additional opportunity of making their pleasures 0illicit,…1The young people found greater pleasure in their drinking because Prohibition, by making 2drinking unlawful added a sense of adventure.36…our young men began to enlist under foreign flags.4Our young men joined the armies of foreign countries to fight in the war.57…they “wanted to get into the fun before the whole thing turned belly up”.6The young people wanted to take part in the glorious ad-venture before the whole war ended. 78….they had outgrown towns and families…8These young people could no longer adapt themselves to lives in their home towns or their 9families.9…the returning veteran also had to face…the hypocritical dogoodism of Prohibition,…1The returning veteran also had to face Prohibition which the lawmakers hypocritically assumed 2would do good to the people.310.Something in the tension-ridden youth of America had to “give”…4(Under all this force and pressure) something in the youth of America, who were already very 5tense, had to break down.611…it was only natural that hopeful young writers, their minds and pens inflamed against war, 7Babbittry, and “Puritanical” gentility, should flock to the traditional artistic center…8It was only natural that hopeful young Writers whose minds and writings were filled with 9violent anger against war, Babbitry, and "Puritanical" gentility, should come in great numbers 0to live in Greenwich Village, the traditional artistic centre.112.Each town had its”fast” set which prided itself on its unconventionality,…2Each town was proud that it had a group of wild, reckless people, who lived unconventional 3lives.4567第十一课81…below the noisy arguments,the abuse and the quarrels,there is a reservoir of 9instinctive-feeling…The English people may hotly argue and abuse and quarrel with each other but there still exists 1a lot of natural sympathetic feeling for each other.22…at heart they would like to take a whip to the whole idle troublesome mob of them.3What the wealthy employers would really like to do is to whip all the workers whom they consider 4to be lazy and troublesome people.53….there are not many of these men, either on the board or the shop floor,…6There are not many snarling shop stewards in the work-shop, nor are there many cruel wealthy 7employers on the board of managers (or governing board of a factory).84.It demands bigness, and they are suspicious of bigness.9The contemporary world demands that everything be done on a big scale and the English do not 0like or trust bigness.15.Against this, at least superficially, Englishness seems a poor shadowy show…2At least on the surface, when Englishness is put against the power and success of Admass, 3English ness seems to put up a rather poor weak performance.46….while Englishness is not hostile to change, it is deeply suspicious of change for change’s 5sake,…6Englishness is not against change, but it believes that changing just for changing and for 7no other useful purpose to be very wrong and harmful.87.To put cars and motorways before houses seems to Englishness a communal imbecility.9To regard cars and motorways as more important than houses seems to Englishness a public 0stupidity~18.I must add that while Englishness can still fight on, Admass could be winning.2I must further say that while Englishness can go on fighting, there is a great possibility 3of Admass winning.49.It must have some moral capital to draw upon, and soon it may be asking for an overdraft. 5Englishness draws its strength from a reservoir of strong moral and ethical principles, and 6soon it may be asking for strength which this reservoir of principles cannot supply.710.They probably believe, as I do, that the Admass “Good Life” is a fraud on all counts. 8These people probably believe, as I do, that the 'Good Life' promised by Admass is false and 9dishonest in all respects.11.They can be found, too-though not in largenumbers because the breed is duing out- among 1crusty High Tories who avoid the City and directors’ fees.2They can be found too though there are not many of them now because these kind of people are 3dying out -- among the curt, bad-tempered, extremely conservative politicians who refuse to accept 4high posts in big commercial enterprises.512….they are inept, shiftless, slovenly, messy.6They are incompetent, lazy and inefficient, careless and untidy.713…he will not even find much satisfaction in this scrounging messy existence, which does 8nothing for a man’s self-respect.9He will not even find much satisfaction in his untidy and disordered life where he manages 0to live as a parasite by sponging on people. This kind of life does not help a person to build 1up any self-respect.214.To them the House of Commons is a remote squabbling-shop.3These people think of the House of Commons as a place rather far away where some people are 4always quarreling and arguing over some small matter.515….heavy hands can fall on the shoulders that have been shrugging away polotics.6If a dictator comes to power, these people then will soon learn in the worst way that they 7were very wrong to ignore politics for they can now suddenly and for no reason be arrested and 8thrown into prison.9123第十二课41.It is a complex fate to be an American…5The fate of an American is complicated and hard to understand.62…they were no more at home in Europe than I was.7They were uneasy and uncomfortable in Europe as I was.83.We were both searching for our separate identities.9They were all trying to find their own special individualities.4.I do not think that I could have made this reconciliation here.1I don't think I could have accepted in America my Negro status without feeling ashamed. 25.Europe can be very crippling too…3Europe can also have a very frustrating or disabling effect.46…it is easier to cut across social and occupational lines there than it is here.5It is easier in Europe for people of different social groups and occupations to intermingle 6and have social intercourse.77.A man can be as proud of being a good waiter as of being a good actor, and in neither case 8feel threatened.9In Europe a good waiter and a good actor are equally proud of their social status and position. 0They are not jealous of each other and do not live in fear of losing their position.18.I was born in New York, but have lived only in pockets of it.2I was born in New York but have lived only in some small areas of the city.39.This reassessment, which can be very painful, is also very valuable.4The reconsideration of the significance and importance of many things that one had taken for 5granted in the past can be very painful, though very valuable.610.On this acceptance, literally, the life of a writer depends.7The life of a writer really depends on his accepting the fact that no matter where he goes 8or what he does he will always carry the marks of his origins.911.American writers do not have a fixed society to describe.American writers live in a mobile society where nothing is fixed, so they do not have a fixed 1society to describe.212.Every society is really governed by hidden laws, by unspoken but profound assumptions on 3the part of the people…4Every society is influenced and directed by hidden laws, and by many things deeply felt and 5taken for granted by the people, though not openly spoken about.6第十四课71.Nowadays New York is out of phase with American taste…8Nowadays New York cannot understand nor follow the taste of the American people.92.New York even prides itself on being a holdout from prevailing American trends,…New York boasts that it is a city that resists the prevailing trends (styles, fashion)of 1America.23…sitcomes cloned and canned in Hollywood, and the Johnny Carson show live, preempt the 3airwaves from California.4Situation comedies made in Hollywood and the actual performance of Johnny Carson now replace 5the scheduled radio and TV programs for California.64. it is making something of a comeback as a tourist attraction.7New York is regaining somewhat its status as a city that attracts tourists.85.To win in New York is to be uneasy…9A person who wins in New York is constantly disturbed by fear and anxiety (because he is afraid 0of losing what he has won in the fierce competition).16.nature’s pleasures are much qualified in New York.2The chance to enjoy the pleasures of nature is very limited.37…the city’s bright glow arrogantly obscures the heavens.4At night the city of New York is aglow with lights and seems proudly and haughtily to darken 5the night sky.68.But the purity of a bihemian dedication can be exaggerated.7But a pure and wholehearted devotion to a Bohemian life style can be exaggerated.89.In both these roles it ratifies more than it creates.9In both these roles of banking and communications head- quarters, New York starts or originates 0very few things but gives its stamp of approval to many things created by people in other parts 1of the country.210.The television generation grew up in the insistent presence of hype,…3The television generation was constantly and strongly influenced by extravagant promotional 4advertising.511…those who are writing ambitious novels sustain themselves in the magazines.6Authors writing long serious novels earn their living in the meantime by also writing articles 7for popular magazines.812.Broadway, which seemed to be succuming to the tawdriness of its environment, is astir again. 9Broadway, which seemed unable to resist the cheap, gaudy shows put on in the surrounding areas, 0is once again busy and active.113…he prefers the unhealthy haale and the vitality of urban life.2(If you tell a New Yorker about the vigor of outdoor pleasures, he will reply that) he prefers 3the unhealthy turmoil and animated life of a city.414.The defeated are not hidden away aomewhere else on the wrong side of town.5Those who failed in the struggle of life, the down-and-outs, are not hidden away in slums 6or ghettoes where other people can't see them.715.The place constantly exasperates, st times exhilarates.8New York constantly irritates and annoys very much but at times it also invigorates and 9stimulates.1。
