超声常用术语

临床超声医学杂志2021年6月第23卷第6期J Clin Ultrasound in Med，Jun.2021，Vol.23，No.6讨论X线是传统的肺部影像学检查手段，但其对组织显像不清晰，对细微结果的对比显像利用率不高。

超声检查具有无辐射、无创的优点，通过超声探头向结构内部发射脉冲式超声波，根据超声波在内部传播的反射信号时间差分析组织内部缺陷的位置、大小和基本轮廓信息，更适合临床广泛应用［6-7］。

本研究将100例肺炎患者分为危重症组和非危重症组，比较两组LUS及临床指标的差异，发现危重组OI低于非危重组，A-aDO2、APACHE-Ⅱ评分、LUS及CPIS均高于非危重组，差异均有统计学意义（均P<0.05）。

表明危重症肺炎患者的呼吸机制受到严重抑制，随着病情恶化，其OI、A-aDO2、APACHE-Ⅱ、LUS、CPIS水平也发生变化［8］。

OI是呼吸类疾病治疗中的一项重要指标，表示器官组织可得到充足的氧气，使人体可以进行正常的氧合作用获取生存能源。

A-aDO2是指肺泡氧分压-脉血氧分压的差值，对人体肺部氧摄取状况较为敏感，是临床上重要的肺换气功能评价指标。

APACHE-Ⅱ是目前使用最广泛的危重病情评价系统，与危重病患者的病情密切关联。

CPIS是综合患者临床表现、影像学和微生物学标准的感染严重程度评估标准，可为临床治疗、用药和预后提供参考［9-10］。

以上指标均参与肺炎的前期诊断，对重症肺炎的临床诊断和病情评估具有较显著意义。

本研究还对LUS与肺炎严重程度进行相关性分析，发现肺炎患者的LUS与A-aDO2、APACHE-Ⅱ、CPIS评分均呈正相关，与OI呈负相关（均P<0.01）。

进一步绘制ROC曲线分析显示，LUS评估肺炎患者严重程度的曲线下面积为0.837，敏感性为56.5%，特异性为100%。

表明肺部疾病的各类病理改变均导致肺部超声征象多样化，LUS越高，肺部病变程度越严重，与文献［11-12］结论一致。

心脏超声医学中英文术语、缩略语A-Mode Amplitude mode A型(超声)AMVL Anterior mitral valve leaflet 二尖瓣前叶AAO Aorta ascendens 升主动脉Ao Aorta 主动脉AI Aortic insufficiency 主动脉关闭不全AML Anterior mitral leaflet 二尖瓣前叶AR Aortic regurgitation 主动脉瓣返流AS Aortic stenosis 主动脉狭窄ASD Atrial septal defect 房间隔缺损ASH Asymmetrical septal hypertrophy 非对称性室间隔肥厚ATVL Anterior tricuspid valve leaflet 三尖瓣前叶AV Aortic valve 主动脉瓣AVA Aortic valve atresia 主动脉瓣闭锁AVR Aortic valve replacement 主动脉瓣置换术BAV bicuspid aortic valve 二叶式主动脉瓣B mode Brightness mode B型超声CDFI Color Doppler Flow Imaging 彩色多普勒血流显像CHD Congenital heart disease 先天性心脏病CPV common pulmonary vein 共同肺静脉干CW chest wall 胸壁CW-Doppler Continuous-wave Dopper 连续频谱多普勒CO Cardiac output 心输出量DA Descending aorta 降主动脉DCM dilated cardiomyopathy 扩张性心肌病DTI doppler tissue imaging 多普勒组织显像DORV double outlet right ventricle 右心室双出口DOLV double outlet left ventricle 左心室双出口ED End-diastole 舒张末期的EDV End-diastolic volume 舒张末期容积EF Ejection fraction 射血分数EPSS E-point of septal separation 舒张早期二尖瓣前叶与室间隔之间的距离ESD End-systolic dimension 收缩末直径ESV End-systolic volume 收缩末容量F3 trilogy of Fallot 法洛三联症F4 tetralogy of Fallot 法洛四联症FO fossa ovalis 卵圆窝FS fractional shortening 缩短分数HCM hypertrophic cardiomyopathy 肥厚性心肌病HOCM hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy肥厚性梗阻性心肌病HPRF High pulse repetition frequency 高脉冲重复频率HR Heart rate 心率IAS Interatrial septum 房间隔IVC Inferior vena cava 下腔静脉IVCT Isovolumic contraction time 等容收缩期IVRT Isovolumic relaxation time 等容舒张期IVS interventricular septum 室间隔LA Left atrium 左心房LAA Left atrial appendage 左心耳LAD Left anterior descending cor 前降支LAE Left atrial enlargement 左心房扩大LAO Left anterior oblique 左前斜位LCC Left coronary cusp 左冠状动脉瓣LMCA Left main coronary artery 左主干LPA Left pulmonary artery 左肺动脉LSPV left superior pulmonary vein 左上肺静脉LSA left subclavian artery 左锁骨下动脉LV Left ventricle 左心室LVAN left ventricular aneurysm 左心室室壁瘤LVED Left ventricular end diastolic 左心室舒张未期内径LVH Left ventricular hypertrophy 左心室肥大LVDd Left ventricular end diastolic dimension左心室舒张末期内径LVDs left ventricular end-systolic dimension 左心室收缩末期内径LVPW left ventricular posterior wall 左心室后壁LVOT Left ventricular outflow tract 左室流出道LVIT Left ventricular inflow tract 左室流入道LVIW left ventricular inferior wall 左室下壁M-mode Motion mode M-型超声MAC Mitral annular calcification 二尖瓣环钙化MB Moderator band 隔缘肉柱MI mitral insufficiency 二尖瓣关闭不全MS Mitral stenosis 二尖瓣狭窄MR Mitral regurgitation 二尖瓣返流MVO Mitral valve orifice 二尖瓣口MVP mitral valve prolapse 二尖瓣脱垂NCC Noncoronary cusp 无冠瓣OMI old myocardial infarction 陈旧性心肌梗塞PA Pulmonary artery 肺动脉PAP Pulmonary artery pressure 肺动脉压PBMV percutaeous balloon mitral valvuloplasty经皮二尖瓣球囊扩张成形术PDA Patent ductus arteriosis 动脉导管未闭PE Pericardial effusion 心包积液PISA Proximal isovelocity surface area 最近等速线表面积PM papillary muscle 乳头肌心脏彩超正常值项目名称：内径(mm) 部位名称厚度（ mm）左房 LA 〈35 室间隔IVS <12左室 LV 〈55 左室后壁LVPW <12升主动脉 AO 〈35 右室壁 <3-4主肺动脉 PA 〈30 左室壁 <9-12右房 RA 〈40×35 右室 <25左室流出道 18-40 右室流出道 18-35部位分度瓣口面积 (cm2 )二尖瓣狭窄最轻：≤2.5轻度：2.0-2.4轻-中度：1.5-1.9 中度：1.0-1.4重度：0.6-1.0 最重度：<0.5主动脉瓣狭窄轻度：1.6-1.1 压差：20-50mmHg中度：1.0-0.75 压差：20-50mmHg重度： <0.75 压差：50-150mmHg肺动脉高压正常： 15-30mmHg轻度： 30-50mmHg中度： 50-70mmHg重度： >70mmHg左室功能（LVEF）正常：>50％轻度降低：40％-50％中度降低：30％-40％重度降低：<30％左室充盈功能左室等容舒张时间：（IVRT）<40岁 69±12ms >40岁 76±13msE波减速时间：（EDT） 199±32msA峰E峰流速比值：E／A >1血管正常值：动脉血管：内膜增厚>1mm 动脉硬化斑块>1.2mm血流速度：>0. 50m/s狭窄分级：轻度内径减少0－50％收缩期峰值流速<120cm/s中度内径减少51-70％收缩期峰值流速>120m/s 舒张期流速<40 cm/s严重狭窄内径减少71-90％收缩期峰值流速>170m/s 舒张期流速>40 cm/s 极严重狭窄内径减少91-99％收缩期峰值流速>200m/s 舒张期流速>100 cm/s 闭塞内径减少100％闭塞段可见血栓回声,管腔无血流信号下肢深静脉瓣功能不全分级:I级反流时间1-2s II级反流时间2-3s III级反流时间4-6s IV级反流时间>6s心包积液分级: 微量:2-3mm ,<50ml:房室沟下后壁少量:3-5mm ,50-100ml: 下后壁中量:5-10mm ,100-300ml:房室沟下后壁心尖区大量:10-20mm ,300-1000ml整个心腔极大量:20-60mm ,1000-40000ml:明显摆动A-Mode Amplitude mode A型(超声)AMVL Anterior mitral valve leaflet 二尖瓣前叶AAO Aorta ascendens 升主动脉Ao Aorta 主动脉AI Aortic insufficiency 主动脉关闭不全AML Anterior mitral leaflet 二尖瓣前叶AR Aortic regurgitation 主动脉瓣返流AS Aortic stenosis 主动脉狭窄ASD Atrial septal defect 房间隔缺损ASH Asymmetrical septal hypertrophy 非对称性室间隔肥厚ATVL Anterior tricuspid valve leaflet 三尖瓣前叶AV Aortic valve 主动脉瓣AVA Aortic valve atresia 主动脉瓣闭锁AVR Aortic valve replacement 主动脉瓣置换术BAV bicuspid aortic valve 二叶式主动脉瓣B mode Brightness mode B型超声CDFI Color Doppler Flow Imaging 彩色多普勒血流显像CHD Congenital heart disease 先天性心脏病CPV common pulmonary vein 共同肺静脉干CW chestwall 胸壁CW-Doppler Continuous-wave Dopper 连续频谱多普勒CO Cardiac output 心输出量DA Descending aorta 降主动脉DCM dilated cardiomyopathy 扩张性心肌病DTI doppler tissue imaging 多普勒组织显像DORV double outlet right ventricle 右心室双出口DOLV double outlet left ventricle 左心室双出口ED End-diastole 舒张末期的EDV End-diastolic volume 舒张末期容积EF Ejection fraction 射血分数EPSS E-point of septal separation 舒张早期二尖瓣前叶与室间隔之间的距离ESD End-systolic dimension 收缩末直径ESV End-systolic volume 收缩末容量F3 trilogy of Fallot 法洛三联症F4 tetralogy of Fallot 法洛四联症FO fossa ovalis 卵圆窝FS fractional shortening 缩短分数HCM hypertrophic cardiomyopathy 肥厚性心肌病HOCM hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy肥厚性梗阻性心肌病HPRF High pulse repetition frequency 高脉冲重复频率HR Heart rate 心率IAS Interatrial septum 房间隔IVC Inferior vena cava 下腔静脉IVCT Isovolumic contraction time 等容收缩期IVRT Isovolumic relaxation time 等容舒张期IVS interventricular septum 室间隔LA Left atrium 左心房LAA Left atrial appendage 左心耳LAD Left anterior descending cor 前降支LAE Left atrial enlargement 左心房扩大LAO Left anterior oblique 左前斜位LCC Left coronary cusp 左冠状动脉瓣LMCA Left main coronary artery 左主干LPA Left pulmonary artery 左肺动脉LSPV left superior pulmonary vein 左上肺静脉LSA left subclavian artery 左锁骨下动脉LV Left ventricle 左心室LVAN left ventricular aneurysm 左心室室壁瘤LVED Left ventricular end diastolic 左心室舒张未期内径LVH Left ventricular hypertrophy 左心室肥大LVDd Left ventricular end diastolic dimension左心室舒张末期内径LVDs left ventricular end-systolic dimension 左心室收缩末期内径LVPW left ventricular posterior wall 左心室后壁LVOT Left ventricular outflow tract 左室流出道LVIT Left ventricular inflow tract 左室流入道LVIW left ventricular inferior wall 左室下壁M-mode Motion mode M-型超声MAC Mitral annular calcification 二尖瓣环钙化MB Moderator band 隔缘肉柱MI mitral insufficiency 二尖瓣关闭不全MS Mitral stenosis 二尖瓣狭窄MR Mitral regurgitation 二尖瓣返流MVO Mitral valve orifice 二尖瓣口MVP mitral valve prolapse 二尖瓣脱垂NCC Noncoronary cusp 无冠瓣OMI old myocardial infarction 陈旧性心肌梗塞PA Pulmonary artery 肺动脉PAP Pulmonary artery pressure 肺动脉压PBMV percutaeous balloon mitral valvuloplasty经皮二尖瓣球囊扩张成形术PDA Patent ductus arteriosis 动脉导管未闭PE Pericardial effusion 心包积液PISA Proximal isovelocity surface area 最近等速线表面积PM papillary muscle 乳头肌PML Posterior mitral leaflet 二尖瓣后叶PTL posterior tricuspid leaflet 三尖瓣后叶PI Pulmonary insufficiency 肺动脉关闭不全PPM posterior papillary muscle 后乳头肌PS Pulmonary stenosis 肺动脉狭窄PV Pulmonic valve 肺动脉瓣PV Pulmonary vein 肺静脉PW-Doppler Pulsed-wave Doppler 脉冲频谱多普勒PWT Posterior wall thickness 舒张期后壁厚度RA Right atrium 右心房RAE Right atrial enlargement 右心房增大RAO Right anterior oblique 右前斜RCA Right coronary artery 右冠状动脉RCC Right coronary cusp 右冠瓣RPA Right pulmonary artery 右肺动脉RSPV Right superior pulmonary vein 右上肺静脉RV Right ventricle 右室RVAW Right ventricular anterior wall 右心室前壁RVE Right ventricular enlargement 右心室扩大RVH Right ventricular hypertrophy 右心室肥大RVI Right ventricular inflow 右室流入道RVOT Right ventricular outflow tract 右心室流出道SAM Systolic anterior motion 二尖瓣收缩期前向运动SBE subacute bacterial endocarditis 亚急性细菌心内膜炎SSN Suprasternal notch 胸骨上切迹ST Septal thickness 间隔厚度STP sinus transversus pericardii 心包横窦SOP sinus obliquus pericardium 心包斜窦SV Stroke volume 每搏输出量SVC Superior vena cava 上腔静脉SWMA Segmental wall motion abnormality节断性室壁运动异常TEE Transesophageal echocardiography经食管超声心动图TGA Transposition of the grea 大动脉移位TGC Time gain compensation 时间增益补偿TI tricuspid incompetence 三尖瓣关闭不全TL True lumen 真腔TOF Tetralogy of Fallot 法乐(氏)四联症TVP tricuspid valve prolapse 三尖瓣脱垂TS Tricuspid stenosis 三尖辨狭窄TTE Transthoracic echocardiography 经胸壁超声心动图TV Tricuspid valve 三尖瓣Veg Vegetation 赘生物Vmax Maximum velocity 最大速度VSD Ventricular septal defect 室间隔缺损VTI Velocity time integral 速度时间积分Nakata指数（PAI指数）=左右肺动脉截面积之和÷体表面积Mcgoon指数=左右肺动脉直径之和÷膈肌水平主动脉直径项目名称：内径(mm) 部位名称厚度（mm）左房LA 〈35 室间隔IVS &lt;12左室LV 〈55 左室后壁LVPW &lt;12升主动脉AO 〈35 右室壁&lt;3-4主肺动脉PA 〈30 左室壁&lt;9-12右房RA 〈40×35 右室&lt;25左室流出道18-40 右室流出道18-35部位分度瓣口面积(cm2 )二尖瓣狭窄最轻：≤2.5 轻度：2.0-2.4轻-中度：1.5-1.9 中度：1.0-1.4重度：0.6-1.0 最重度：&lt;0.5中度：1.0-0.75 压差：20-50mmHg重度：&lt;0.75 压差：50-150mmHg肺动脉高压正常：15-30mmHg轻度：30-50mmHg中度：50-70mmHg重度：&gt;70mmHg左室功能（LVEF）正常：&gt;50％轻度降低：40％-50％中度降低：30％-40％重度降低：&lt;30％左室充盈功能左室等容舒张时间：（IVRT）&lt;40岁69±12ms &gt;40岁76±13msE波减速时间：（EDT）199±32msA峰E峰流速比值：E／A &gt;1血管正常值：动脉血管：内膜增厚&gt;1mm 动脉硬化斑块&gt;1.2mm血流速度：&gt;0. 50m/s狭窄分级：轻度内径减少0－50％收缩期峰值流速&lt;120cm/s中度内径减少51-70％收缩期峰值流速&gt;120m/s 舒张期流速&lt;40 cm/s严重狭窄内径减少71-90％收缩期峰值流速&gt;170m/s 舒张期流速&gt;40 cm/s极严重狭窄内径减少91-99％收缩期峰值流速&gt;200m/s 舒张期流速&gt;100 cm/s 闭塞内径减少100％闭塞段可见血栓回声,管腔无血流信号下肢深静脉瓣功能不全分级:I级反流时间1-2s II级反流时间2-3s III级反流时间4-6sIV级反流时间&gt;6s心包积液分级: 微量:2-3mm ,&lt;50ml:房室沟下后壁少量:3-5mm ,50-100ml: 下后壁中量:5-10mm ,100-300ml:房室沟下后壁心尖区大量:10-20mm ,300-1000ml整个心腔极大量:20-60mm ,1000-40000ml:明显摆动。

超声医学术语、缩略语中英文对照一解剖学方面：1、眼、面颈，乳腺，涎腺眼球Optic bulb;Eyeball 角膜Cornea 虹膜Iris 睫状体Ciliary body 视网膜Retina脉胳膜Choroid 巩膜Sclera 视神经Optic nerve(ON) 眼动脉Ophthalmic artery(OA)唾液腺、涎腺Salivary gland 甲状腺Thyrlid 颌下腺Submaxillay gland 舌下腺Sublingual gland 乳腺Breast 颈总动脉Common carotid Artery（CCA）颈外动脉External carotid Artery（ECA）颈内动脉Internal carotid Artery（ICA）无名动脉Innominate artery 椎动脉Vertebral artery （V A）2、腹部血管、周围血管腹主动脉Abdominal aorta(AA) 肠系膜上动脉Superior mesenteric artery(SMA)肝动脉Hepatic artery (HA) 胃左动脉Left gastric artery (LGA) 脾动脉SpA 肾动脉RA 卵巢动脉OA 髂内动脉IIA 髂外动脉EIA 大隐静脉GSV 下腔静脉ICA 门静脉PV 肝静脉HV 肾静脉RV 股动脉FA 锁骨下动脉Subclavian artry3、肝、胆、胰、脾、泌尿男生殖肝左叶Left liver lobe (LL) 肝右叶（RL）尾状叶CL 方叶QL胆囊GB 胆囊管CD肝管HD 肝门Porta hepatis 胆囊窝CBF 肝总管CHD 胆总管CBD 胰腺Pancreas (Pa) 胰头Head 0f pancreas （PaH）胰颈PaN 胰体PaB 胰尾PaB 钩突Uncinate process 脾Spleen（SP）脾门SPH 集合系统CS 肾Kidney (K) 肾盂RP 肾盏RC 肾柱RCo 肾上腺Adrenal gland （AG）输尿管UR 膀胱BL/UB 尿道Urethra 睾丸Tesitis (TS) 副睾Epididymis （Ep）鞘膜Tunica vagialis 精囊SV 阴囊Scrotum （SC）腹股沟Inguen 前列腺Prostate (PST)4妇产科子宫Uterus (U)t 输卵管Uterine tube 卵巢Ov 子宫内膜En 阴道Vagina 胚胎Embryo 卵黄囊Yolk sac (YS) 羊膜A m 胎儿Fetus(F) 胎心F Ht 胎头FH 胎儿脊柱F Sp 胎儿胃泡F STO 胎儿肾FK 胎儿肢体 F Lb 卵泡Follicle 附件Adnexa 羊水AF 宫内节育器IUD 妊娠囊GS 顶臀长度CRL 双顶径BPD 头围HC胸围Th C 腹围AC 股骨长度FL脊柱Spine(Sp) 胎盘PL 脐带Umbilical cord (UC)（一）仪器和原理方面切面面积Cross sectional Area (CSA) 扫描器、探头Scanner (SCNR)凸形、凸阵Convex (CVX) 扇扫角度Sector Angle (Sec Ang)辉度、亮度Brightness 冻结Freeze (FRZ)平均速度Mean Velocity (Mean Vel) 增益Gain返流Reversed Flow (RF) 频谱Frequency Spectrum彩色多普勒血流显像Color Doppler Flow Imaging (CDFI)经颅多普勒Transcranial Doppler ( TCD)腹部血流显示Abdominal Flow Display (AFD)阴道超声Transvagin Scan (TVS)（二）解剖学方面1）妇产科胎盘Placenta (PL) 胎心Fetal Heart (F Ht)胎头Fetal Head (FH) 胎头指数Cephalic Index大脑镰Falx Cerebri (FC;;;;FL) 丘脑、视丘Thalmus (Th)侧脑室Lateral Ventricle (LV) 第三脑室Third Ventricle (V3)透明隔Septum Pellucidum (SP) 透明隔腔Septum Pellucidum (SP)脐带Umbilical Cord (UC) 绒毛Villus绒毛膜Chorion (C ) 蜕膜Decidua羊水Amniotic Fluid (AF) 羊水指数Amniotic Fluid Index (AFI)妊娠囊Gestational Sac (GS) 双顶径Biparietal Diameter (BPD)股骨径Femur Length (FL) 顶臀长度Crowm-Rump Length (CRL)胸围Thoracic Circumference (Th C) 腹围Abdominal Circumference (AC)头围Head circumference (HC) 枕额径Occipital Frontal Diameter (OFD)子宫Uterus 输卵管Uterine Tube,Oviduct卵巢Ovary, Ovaries (Ov) 子宫颈Cervix (C )子宫腔Urterine Canal 子宫内膜Endometriosis (En)阴道Vagina 卵黄囊Yolk Sac (YS)子宫内口Internal Ostium of the Uterius 子宫口Orifice of the Uterius2) 眼、面颈、涎腺、乳腺、胸腔眼球Optic Bulb;;;; Eyeball 角膜Cornea前房Anterior Chamber(AC ) 虹膜Iris睫状体Ciliary Body 视网膜Retina脉络膜Choroid 巩膜Sclera房水Aqueous Humour 玻璃体Vitreous晶状体Lens 腮腺Parotid颌下腺Submaxillay Gland 舌下腺Sublingual Gland甲状腺Thyroid 甲状旁腺Parathroid乳腺Breast 横膈Diaphragm (D)胸腔Thoracic cavity3）血管腹主动脉Abdominal Aorta (AA) 腹腔动脉Celiac Artery (Ce A;;;;CA)肠系膜上动脉Superior Mesenteric Artery (SMA) 胃左动脉Left Gastric Artery 脾动脉Splenic Artery (Sp A) 肾动脉Renal Artery (RA)门静脉Portal Vein (PV) 肝静脉Hepatic Vein (HV)肝中静脉Medial Hepatic Vein (MHV) 肝左静脉Left Hepatic Vein(LHV)肝右静脉Right Hepatic Vein (RHV) 下腔静脉Inferior Vena Cava (IVC)肠系膜上静脉Superior Mesenteric Vein (SMV) 肾静脉Renal Vein (RV)腋静脉Axillary Vein 锁骨下静脉Subclavian Vein (SCV)颈外静脉External Jugular Vein 颈内静脉Internal Jugular Vein颈总动脉Common Jugular Artery 髂内动脉Internal Iliac Artery髂外动脉External Iliac Artery 髂总动脉Common Iliac Artery大隐静脉Great Saphenous Vein 小隐静脉Short Saphenous Vein股动脉Femoral Artery 股静脉Femoral Vein腘动脉Popliteal Artery 腘静脉Popliteal Vein足背动脉Dorsal Pedal Artery4）肝、胆、胰、脾、泌尿生殖肝左叶Left Liver Lobe (LL) 肝右叶Right Liver Lobe (RL)尾状叶Caudate Lobe (CL) 方叶Quadrate Lobe (QL)胆囊Gallbladder (G 胆囊管Cystic Duct (CD)肝管Hepatic Duct (HD) 胆总管Common Bile Duct (CBD)肝门Porta Hepatis 肝总管Common Hepatic Duct (CHD)肝管Hepatic Duct (HD) 胰腺Pancreas (P;;;;Pa)胰管Pancreatic Duct (PD;;;;PaD) 副胰管Santorini Duct (SD)胰头Head of Pancreas (PaH) 胰颈Neck of Pancreas (PaN)胰体Body Of Pancreas (Pa 胰尾Tail of Pancreas (PaT)钩突Uncinate Process 脾Spleen (Sp)肾Kidney (K) 肾盂Renal Pelvis (RP)肾盏Renal Calyces (RC) 锥体Pyramids (Py)肾柱Renal Colums (Rco) 肾上腺Adrenal Gland (AG)输尿管Ureters (Ur) 膀胱Urinary Bladder (U,Bladder (BL)前列腺Prostate (Pro) 尿道Urethra睾丸Testis (Ts) 副睾Epididymis (Ep)鞘膜Tunica Vagialis, Vagina Tunic 精囊V esiculae Seminals;;;; Seminal Vesicle (SV) 阴囊Scrotum (Sc),Scrotal Sac (SS) 精索Spermatic Cord腹股沟Inguen5)胃肠胃Stomach (STO) 贲门Cardia (C ),(Ca)胃底Fundus of Stomach (SF) 胃体Body of Stomach (S幽门Pylorus (Py) 十二指肠Duodenum (Du)小肠Small Intestine 空肠Jejunum回肠Ileum 盲肠Cecum阑尾Appendix (Ap) 大肠Large Intestine结肠Colon (Co) 结肠肝曲Hepatic Flexure of Colon结肠脾曲Splenic Flexure of Colon 升结肠Ascending Colon (As C)横结肠Transverse Colon (Tr C) 降结肠Descending Colon (De C )乙状结肠Sigmoid Colon 直肠Rectum肠系膜Mesentery6) 肌肉、骨关节肌肉Muscle, Musculus (M) 肌腱Tendon Tendon腓骨Fib 腰大肌M.Psoas Major尺骨Ulna 脊柱Verebral Colum, Spine椎骨Vertebra (V 肱骨Humerus脊柱裂Spina Bifida (S 桡骨Raduis股骨Fumur 胫骨Tibiaula颅骨Skull ,Cranial Bones 髂骨Ilium髋骨Hip 髂嵴Iliac Creast关节Joint7) 其它脓肿Abscess (ABS) 钙化Calcification (CAL)肌瘤Myoma (MYO) 结核Tuberculosis (TB淋巴结Lymph node (LN) 肿瘤Tumor (T)包块Mass( M) 结节Node (N)壁Wall (W) 积液Effusion (Eff)腹水Ascites (ASC) 坏死Necrosis (Nec)结石Stone (St) 靶团Target (TAR)血肿Hematoma (HMA) 血栓Thrombus (Th) 纤维化Fibrosis (Fib) 疤痕Scar (Sc)囊肿Cyst (Cy) 脂肪瘤Lipoma淋巴瘤Lymphoma 错构瘤Hamartoma异物Foreign Boby (F 栓塞Embolism粪石Fecalith (Fe) 半月板Meniscus转移灶Metastasis (Met) 沉积物Sediment (Sed 针尖Needle Tip (NT)血管瘤Angioma (ANG)宫内节育器Intrauterine Devices (IUD)蛔虫Ascariasis (As)胆道蛔虫Bile Dull Ascariasis (BDAS)。

超声术语中英对照首页论坛资源病例免费题库培训果更多夕颜夜提醒【分享】献给超声爱好者：超声术语中英文对照（全）本贴收到16朵鲜花献给超声爱好者：超声术语中英文对照（全）超声术语解释2D：two-dimensional 二维3D: three-dimensional 三维AAO: ascending aorta 升主动脉AbAO: abdominal aorta 腹主动脉ABD: automatic borderline determination 自动边缘检测AC: accessory chamber 附属腔AD: acoustic densitometry 声学密度定量AML: anterior mitral leaflet 二尖瓣前叶AMV: anterior mitral valve 二尖瓣前叶AN: anuerysm 动脉瘤AO: aorta or aorta root 主动脉或主动脉根部AoAR: aortic arch 主动脉弓AoS: aortic sinus 主动脉窦AQ: acoustic quantification 声学定量ARCH: aortic arch 主动脉弓ARV: atrialized right ventricle 房化右室ASD: atrial septal defect 房间隔缺损ATL: anterior tricuspid leaflet 三尖瓣前叶ATV: anterior tricuspid valve 三尖瓣前叶AV: aortic valve 主动脉瓣AW: anterior wall 前壁CABG: coronary artery bypass grafting冠状动脉旁路血管移植术CDFI: color Doppler flow imaging 彩色多普勒血流成像CDFM: color Doppler flow mapping 彩色多普勒血流成像CK: color kinesis 彩色室壁动态技术CO: cardic output 心排出量CPV: common pulmonary vein 肺总静脉CS: coronary sinus 冠状静脉窦CS: crista supraventricularis 室上嵴CT: chordae tendinae 腱索CV: common ventricle 共同心室CW: continuous wave Doppler 连续型多普勒DA: dissecting aneurysm 夹层动脉瘤DAO: descending aorta 降主动脉DSE: Dobutamine stress echocardiography 多巴酚丁胺负荷超声心动图DTI: Doppler tissue imaging 组织多普勒成像技术DV: ductus venosus 静脉导管ECG: electrocardiogram 心电图EN: endocardium 心内膜EP: epicardium 心外膜EPSS: E point-septal seperation E 峰至室间隔间距ET: ejection time 射血期FCR: flow convergence region 血流汇聚区FFT: fast Fourier transformation 快速富利叶转换FL: false lumen 假腔HPLA: high pressure left atrium 左房高压腔HR: heart rate 心率HV: hepatic vein 肝静脉Hz: Hertz 赫兹IAS: interatrial septum 房间隔LA: left atrium 左房IBS: integral of backscatter 背向散射积分IVC: inferior vena cava 下腔静脉IVS: interventricular septum 室间隔IVUS: intravascular ultrasound 血管内超声IW: interior wall 下壁VSD: ventricular septal defect 室间隔缺损LAA: left atrial auricle 左心耳VV: vertical vein 垂直静脉LAD: left anterior descending coronary atery 左冠状动脉前降支LCA: left coronary artery 左冠状动脉LCC: left circumflex coronaryartery 左冠状动脉回旋支LD: long diameter 长径LIV: left innominate vein 左无名静脉LPA: left pulmonary artery 左肺动脉VC: vena cava 腔静脉LPEP: left ventricular pre-ejection period左室射血前期LPLA: low pressure left atrium 左房低压腔LPV: left pulmonary vein 左肺静脉L-RD: left-right diameter 左右径LSVC: left superior vena cava 左位上腔静脉LV: left ventricle 左室LVC: left ventricular cavity 左室腔LVET: left ventricular ejection time 左室射血时间V: vegetation 赘生物LVIT: left ventricular inflow tract 左室流入道LVOT: left ventricular outflow tract 左室流出道LVPW: left ventricular posterior wall 左室后壁LW: lateral wall 侧壁m／s: 米/秒MHz: 兆赫MCE: mycardial contrast echocardiogrphy 心肌声学造影M-LD: medial-lateral diameter 内外径M-mode: motion mode M型（超声心动图）MPA: main pulmonary artery 主肺动脉MV: mitral valve 二尖瓣MVP: mitral valve prolapse 二尖瓣脱垂PE: pericardial effusion 心包积液PA Bif: pulmonary artery bifurcation 肺动脉分叉PDA: patent ductus arteriousus 动脉导管未闭PM: papillary muscle 乳头肌PMV: posterior mitral valve 二尖瓣后叶PRF: pulsed repetition frequency 脉冲重复频率RA: right atrium 右房RPV: right pulmonary vein 右肺静脉PTV: posterior tricuspid valve 三尖瓣后叶PW: pulsed wave Doppler 脉冲型多普勒RCA: right coronary artery 右冠状动脉RIV: right innominate vein 右无名静脉RPA: right pulmonary artery 右肺动脉RPEP: right ventricular pre-ejection period 右室射血前期RSVC: right superior vena cava 右位上腔静脉RUPV: right upper pulmonary vein 右上肺静脉RLPV: right low pulmonary vein 右下肺静脉RV: right ventricle右室RVAW: right ventricular anterior wall 右室前壁RVC: right ventricular cavity 右室腔TL: true lumen 真腔RVET: right ventricular ejection time 右室射血时间RVOT: right ventricular out tract 右室流出道RWMA: regional wall motion abnormality 节段性室壁运动异常SAM: systolic anterior motion 二尖瓣收缩期前向运动SHI: second harmonic imaging 二次谐波成像技术SV: sampling volume or strake volume 取样容积或心搏量TEE: transesophageal echocardiography 经食管超声心动图TGA: transposition of the great arteries 大动脉转位TH: thrombosis 血栓形成ThAO: thoracic aorta 胸主动脉TMLR or TMR: transmyocardial laser revascularization 激光心肌血运重建术TTE: transthoracic echocardiography 经胸超声心动图TV: tricuspid valve 三尖瓣仪器和原理方面：切面面积Cross sectional Area (CSA)扫描器、探头Scanner (SCNR)凸形、凸阵Convex (CVX)扇扫角度Sector Angle (Sec Ang)辉度、亮度Brightness冻结Freeze (FRZ)平均速度Mean Velocity (Mean Vel)增益Gain返流Reversed Flow (RF)频谱Frequency Spectrum彩色多普勒血流显像Color Doppler Flow Imaging (CDFI)经颅多普勒Transcranial Doppler ( TCD)腹部血流显示Abdominal Flow Display (AFD)阴道超声Transvagin Scan (TVS)解剖学方面1）妇产科：胎盘Placenta (PL)胎心Fetal Heart (F Ht)胎头Fetal Head (FH)胎头指数Cephalic Index大脑镰Falx Cerebri (FC;FL)丘脑、视丘Thalmus (Th)侧脑室Lateral Ventricle (LV)第三脑室Third Ventricle (V3)透明隔Septum Pellucidum (SP)透明隔腔Septum Pellucidum (SP)蜕膜Decidua脐带Umbilical Cord (UC)绒毛Villus绒毛膜Chorion (C )羊水Amniotic Fluid (AF)羊水指数Amniotic Fluid Index (AFI)子宫内口Internal Ostium of the Uterius妊娠囊Gestational Sac (GS)双顶径Biparietal Diameter (BPD)股骨径Femur Length (FL)子宫口Orifice of the Uterius顶臀长度Crowm-Rump Length (CRL)胸围Thoracic Circumference (Th C)腹围Abdominal Circumference (AC)阴道Vagina头围Head circumference (HC)枕额径Occipital Frontal Diameter (OFD)子宫Uterus输卵管Uterine Tube,Oviduct卵巢Ovary, Ovaries (Ov)子宫颈Cervix (C )子宫腔Urterine Canal子宫内膜Endometriosis (En)卵黄囊Yolk Sac (YS)眼、面颈、涎腺、乳腺、胸腔：眼球Optic Bulb; Eyeball角膜Cornea前房Anterior Chamber(AC )虹膜Iris睫状体Ciliary Body视网膜Retina脉络膜Choroid巩膜Sclera房水Aqueous Humour玻璃体Vitreous晶状体Lens腮腺Parotid颌下腺Submaxillay Gland舌下腺Sublingual Gland甲状腺Thyroid甲状旁腺Parathroid乳腺Breast横膈Diaphragm (D)胸腔Thoracic cavity血管：腹主动脉Abdominal Aorta (AA)腹腔动脉Celiac Artery (Ce A;CA)肠系膜上动脉Superior Mesenteric Artery (SMA)胃左动脉Left Gastric Artery脾动脉Splenic Artery (Sp A)肾动脉Renal Artery (RA)肾静脉Renal Vein (RV)门静脉Portal Vein (PV)肝静脉Hepatic Vein (HV)肝中静脉Medial Hepatic Vein (MHV)肝左静脉Left Hepatic Vein(LHV)腋静脉Axillary Vein肝右静脉Right Hepatic Vein (RHV)下腔静脉Inferior Vena Cava (IVC)肠系膜上静脉Superior Mesenteric Vein (SMV) 锁骨下静脉Subclavian Vein (SCV)颈外静脉External Jugular Vein颈内静脉Internal Jugular Vein颈总动脉Common Jugular Artery髂内动脉Internal Iliac Artery髂外动脉External Iliac Artery髂总动脉Common Iliac Artery大隐静脉Great Saphenous Vein小隐静脉Short Saphenous Vein股动脉Femoral Artery股静脉Femoral Vein腘动脉Popliteal Artery腘静脉Popliteal Vein足背动脉Dorsal Pedal Artery肝、胆、胰、脾、泌尿生殖：肝左叶Left Liver Lobe (LL)肝右叶Right Liver Lobe (RL)尾状叶Caudate Lobe (CL)方叶Quadrate Lobe (QL)胆囊Gallbladder (G)胆囊管Cystic Duct (CD)肝管Hepatic Duct (HD)胆总管Common Bile Duct (CBD)肝门Porta Hepatis肝总管Common Hepatic Duct (CHD)胰腺Pancreas (P;Pa)胰管Pancreatic Duct (PD;PaD)副胰管Santorini Duct (SD)胰头Head of Pancreas (PaH)胰颈Neck of Pancreas (PaN)胰体Body Of Pancreas (Pa)胰尾Tail of Pancreas (PaT)钩突Uncinate Process脾Spleen (Sp)肾Kidney (K)肾盂Renal Pelvis (RP)肾盏Renal Calyces (RC)肾锥体Pyramids (Py)肾柱Renal Colums (Rco)肾上腺Adrenal Gland (AG)输尿管Ureters (Ur)膀胱Urinary Bladder (U,Bladder (BL)前列腺Prostate (Pro)尿道Urethra睾丸Testis (Ts)副睾Epididymis (Ep)鞘膜Tunica Vagialis, Vagina Tunic腹股沟Inguen精囊Vesiculae Seminals; Seminal Vesicle (SV) 阴囊Scrotum (Sc),Scrotal Sac (SS)精索Spermatic Cord胃肠：胃Stomach (STO)贲门Cardia (C ),(Ca)胃底Fundus of Stomach (SF)胃体Body of Stomach (S)幽门Pylorus (Py)十二指肠Duodenum (Du)小肠Small Intestine空肠Jejunum回肠Ileum盲肠Cecum阑尾Appendix (Ap)大肠Large Intestine结肠Colon (Co)结肠肝曲Hepatic Flexure of Colon肠系膜Mesentery结肠脾曲Splenic Flexure of Colon升结肠Ascending Colon (As C)横结肠Transverse Colon (Tr C)降结肠Descending Colon (De C )乙状结肠Sigmoid Colon直肠Rectum肌肉、骨关节：肌肉Muscle, Musculus (M)肌腱Tendon Tendon腓骨Fib腰大肌M.Psoas Major尺骨Ulna脊柱Verebral Colum, Spine 椎骨Vertebra (V)半月板Meniscus肱骨Humerus脊柱裂Spina Bifida (S)桡骨Raduis股骨Fumur胫骨Tibiaula颅骨Skull ,Cranial Bones 髂骨Ilium髋骨Hip髂嵴Iliac Creast关节Joint其它：脓肿Abscess (ABS)钙化Calcification (CAL)肌瘤Myoma (MYO)结核Tuberculosis (T)蛔虫Ascariasis (As)淋巴结Lymph node (LN) 肿瘤Tumor (T)包块Mass( M)结节Node (N)壁Wall (W)积液Effusion (Eff)腹水Ascites (ASC)坏死Necrosis (Nec)结石Stone (St)靶团Target (TAR)血肿Hematoma (HMA)血栓Thrombus (Th)纤维化Fibrosis (Fib)疤痕Scar (Sc)囊肿Cyst (Cy)脂肪瘤Lipoma淋巴瘤Lymphoma错构瘤Hamartoma异物Foreign Boby (F)栓塞Embolism粪石Fecalith (Fe)胆道蛔虫Bile Dull Ascariasis (BDAS)转移灶Metastasis (Met)沉积物Sediment (Sed)针尖Needle Tip (NT)血管瘤Angioma (ANG)宫内节育器Intrauterine Devices (IUD)消化系统肝脏L 尾状叶CL 方叶QL 肝总管CHD 肝管HD肝外胆管EHBD 圆韧带HUL 胆囊GB 胆总管CBD 胰管ＰD镰状韧带FL 门静脉PV 胰腺PA 胰头PA 胰体PAB淋巴结LYN 胆囊管CD 胰尾PAT 脾动脉SPA 脾SP脊柱Spine 左肝管LHD 胃STO 胃底SF 胃体SB十二指肠DU 幽门PY 肠BO 升结肠ASC 结肠CO降结肠Dec 横结肠Tre泌生肾上腺AG 肾K 肾盂RP 肾盏RC 肾柱Rco肾动脉RA 肾静脉RV 尿道UR 睾丸TS 附睾EP输尿管UR 前列腺PST 阴囊S 精囊SV 膀光BL子宫内膜En 子宫UT 卵巢OV 阴道S 卵泡Fou心血管系统腹主动脉AO 奇静脉AIV 腘动脉POA 肱静脉BV腹腔动脉CA 脐静脉UV 腓动脉PEA 桡静脉RV肠系膜上动脉SMA 肱动脉BA 腋静脉AxV 桡动脉RA肠系膜上静脉SMV 尺动脉UA 腋动脉AxA 股总动脉CFA肠系膜下静脉IMV 上肢静脉UEV 腘静脉POV 股浅动脉SFA肠系膜下动脉IMA 上肢动脉UEA 椎动脉VA 股深动脉DFA颈内动脉ICA 胫前静脉ATV 椎静脉VV 胫前动脉ATA颈内静脉IJV 胫后静脉PTV 大隐静脉GSV 胫后动脉PTA基底动脉VA 颈总动脉CCA 小隐静脉SSV 足背动脉DPA锁骨下动脉SCA 颈外动脉ECA 上腔静脉SVC 下肢静脉LEV锁骨下静脉SCV 无名静脉INA 下腔静脉IVC 髂总静脉CIV髂总动脉CIA 无名动脉INA 肾静脉RV 髂内静脉IIV髂内动脉ILA 股浅静脉SFV 腓静脉PEV 髂外静脉EIV髂外动脉EIA 股深静脉DFV 股总静脉CFV 血栓TH主动脉弓AOAR 血管瘤ANG产科胚胎Emb 胎儿 F 胎盘FC 胎心FHT 胎头FH脐带UC 羊水AF 头围HC 胸围Thc 腹围AC妊娠囊GS 双顶径BPD 枕额径OFD 头臀长CRT异常脂肪瘤Lipoma 结节N 脓肿ABS 积液Eff 腹水AS坏死Nec 钙化CAL 异物FB 结石ST 肿瘤T血肿HMA 肌瘤MYO 纤维化Fib 疤痕SC 囊肿CY错构瘤FETAL 肿块MAO 腹主动脉CA 腹腔动脉SMA 肠系膜上动脉SMV 肠系膜上静脉CHA 肝总动脉HA 肝动脉SA 脾动脉IVC 下腔静脉PV 门静脉RPV 门静脉右支LPV 门静脉左支SPJ 脾门融合SV 脾静脉RHV 右肝静脉MHV 中肝静脉LHV 左肝静脉RRV 右肾静脉RRA 右肾动脉LRV 左肾静脉LRA 左肾动脉L 肝脏RL 肝右叶LL 肝左叶CL 尾叶PHT 门脉高压L 肝癌N 结节T 肿瘤HMAS 血肿ABS 脓肿CY 囊肿AS 角征HS 驼峰征ANG 血管瘤HP 冰雹状TAR 靶团SP 脾脏TSP 移植脾 D 隔肌ASC 腹水GB 胆囊RBD 右胆管LBD 左胆管ST 结石BDAS 胆道蛔虫SH 声影CBD 总胆管P 胰腺WD 胰管PCY 假性囊肿DU 十二指肠LY 淋巴LYMA 淋巴瘤PE 胸水AA 动脉瘤FH 胎头TP 双胎BPD 双顶径HDY 脑积水ANY 无脑畸形MES 脑脊膜膨出TH 丘脑LVS 侧脑室3rdV 第三脑室FL 大脑镰SP 脊柱SB 脊柱裂THX 胸部H 心脏STO 胃BO 肠SC 阴囊UV 脐静脉UC 脐带AF 羊水PL 胎盘UT 子宫 C 宫颈V 阴道OV 卵巢MYO 肌瘤FN 内膜HM 葡萄胎GS 妊囊DCY 皮样囊肿UBI 双角子宫PU 幼稚子宫M 包块BL 膀胱K 肾脏LAG 左肾上腺RAG 右肾上腺PST 前列腺【超声基础方面】超声成像ultrasonic imaging实时成像real-time imaging灰阶显示gray scale display彩阶显示color scale display经颅多普勒transcranial doppler彩色多普勒血流显像color doppler flow imaging彩色血流造影color flow angiography彩色多普勒能量图color doppler energy彩色能量图color power angio超声内镜ultrasound endoscope超声导管ultrasound catheter血管内超声intravascular ultrasound血管内超声显像intravascular ultrasonic imaging管腔内超声显像intraluminal ultrasonic imaging腔内超声显像endoluminal sonography心内超声显像intracardiac ultrasonic imaging内镜超声扫描endoscopic ultrasonography内镜超声技术endosonography膀胱镜超声技术cystosonography阴道镜超声技术vaginosonography经阴道彩色多普勒显像transvaginal color doppler imaging经直肠超声扫描transrectal ultrasonography直肠镜超声（技术）rectosonography经尿道扫查transurethral scanning介入性超声interventional ultrasound术中超声监视intraoperative ultrasonic monitoring超声引导经皮肝穿刺胆管造影ultrasound guided percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography 超声引导经皮穿刺注射乙醇US guided percutaneous alcohol injection超声引导经皮胆囊胆汁引流US guided percutaneous gallbladder bile drainage超声引导经皮抽吸US guided percutaneous aspiration超声引导胎儿组织活检US guided fetal tissue biopsy超声引导经皮肝穿刺门静脉造影US guided percutaneous transhepatic portography三维显示three dimensional display三维图像重建3D image reconstruction组织特性成像tissue specific imaging动态成像dynamic imaging数字成像digital image血管显像angiography声像图法echography sonography声像图sonogram echogram多用途探头multipurpose scanner宽频带探头wide-band probe环阵相控探头phased annular array probe术中探头intraoperative porbe穿刺探头ultrasound guided probe食管探头transesophagel probe经食管超声心动图探头transesophagel echocardiography probe阴道探头transvaginal probe直肠探头transrectal probe 尿道探头transurethral probe膀胱探头intervesical probe腔内探头intracavitary probe内腔探头endo-probe导管超声探头catheter-based US probe扫描方式scan mode线阵linear array凸阵convex array扇扫sector scanning传感器sensor换能器transducer放大器amplifier阻尼器buffer解调器、检波器demodulator触发器trigger零位调整zero adjustment定标、校正calibration快速时间常数电路fast time constant自动增益控制automatic gain control深度增益补偿depth gain compensation时间增益补偿time gain compensation对数压缩logarithmic compression灵敏度时间控制sensitivity time control动态范围dynamic range消除erase, eliminate变换shift倒置、反转invert消除clear注释annotation放大magnification , magnify , zoom写入write记录record聚焦focus帧率frame rate冻结freeze字符character抑制rejection, reject , suppression增益gain帧相关frame correlation回放rendering , play back彩色极性color polarity彩色边界color edge彩色增强color enhance菜单选择menu selection彩色余辉color persistence彩色捕获color capture彩色壁滤波color wall filter彩色速度显像color velocity imaging彩色转向color steering彩色消除color cut彩色锁定color lock成像数据imaging data预设置preset前处理pre process后处理post process重调、复原reset动态频率扫描dynamic frequency scanning焦距focal distance动态聚焦dynamic focusing滑动聚焦sliging focusing区域聚焦zone focusing连续聚焦sequential focusing电子聚焦electric focusing分段聚焦segment focusing多段聚焦multistage focusing全场连续聚焦confocusing图像均匀性image uniformity运动辨别力motion discrimination穿透深度penetration depth空间分辨力spatial resolution瞬时分辨力temporal resolution帧分辨力frame resolution图像线分辨力image-line resolution对比分辨力contrast resolution细节分辨力detail resolution多普勒取样容积doppler sample volume多普勒流速分布分辨力doppler flow-velocity distributive resolution 多普勒流向分辨力doppler flow-direction resolution多普勒最低流速分辨力doppler minimum flow-velocity resolution 彩色多普勒空间分辨力spatial resolution of color doppler彩色多普勒时间分辨力time resolution of color doppler彩色多普勒最低流速分辨力minimum flow-velocity of color doppler 彩色多普勒强度color doppler level彩色多普勒处理功能板CFM processing board彩色视频监视器color video monitor【解剖学方面】1 颅脑大脑cerebrum大脑纵裂longitudinal cerebral fissure大脑皮质cerebral cortex大脑镰falx cerebri大脑导水管，中脑水管cerebral aqueduct中脑midbrain, mesencephalon小脑cerebellum小脑幕tentorium cerebella丘脑，视丘thalmus延髓medulla oblongata侧脑室lateral ventricle第三脑室third ventricle第四脑室fourth ventricle第五脑室fifth ventricle脑桥，桥脑pons脑干brain stem间脑diencephalon中间块intermidiate mass尾状核caudate nucleus脉络丛choroid plexus胼胝体corpus callosum脑岛，岛叶insula大脑脚cerebral peduncles大脑外侧沟（窝、裂）lateral sulcus , sylvius fissure 穹窿fornix透明隔septum pellucidum透明隔腔cavity of septum pellucidum额叶frontal lobe顶叶parietal lobe枕叶occipital lobe颞叶temporale lobe缘叶limbic lobe大脑动脉环Willi&#39;s artery circle大脑前动脉anterior cerebral artery大脑中动脉middle cerebral artery大脑后动脉posterior cerebral artery基底动脉basilar artery前交通支（动脉）anterior communicating branch 后交通支（动脉）posterior communicating branch 颅前窝，凹anterior cranial fossa颅中窝，凹middle cranial fossa颅后窝，凹posterior cranial fossa2 眼、面颈、涎腺、乳腺、胸肺眼球optic bulb ,eyeball角膜cornea前房anterior chamber虹膜iris睫状体ciliary body视网膜retina脉络膜choroid巩膜sclera房水aqueous humour玻璃体vitreous玻璃体膜hyaloid membrae晶状体lens（眼）直肌recti muscles视神经optic nerve眶上动脉supraorbital artery眼动脉ophthalmic artery视网膜中央动脉central retinal artery睫状后长（短）动脉posterior long (short)ciliary artery泪腺动脉lacrimal gland artery滑车上动脉supratrochlear artery眼静脉ophthalmic vein眶上静脉suprorbital vein滑车上静脉supratrochlear vein视网膜中央静脉central retinal vein涡状静脉vorticose veins眼眶orbit结膜conjunctiva唾液腺、涎腺salivary gland腮腺parotid (gland)颌下腺submaxillary gland舌下腺sublingual gland甲状腺thyroid (gland )甲状旁腺parathyroid (gland )上颌窦maxillary sinus气管trachea食管esophagus乳腺breast, mammary gland额front枕occiput颞temples颊cheek胸廓、胸腔thorax, thorax cavity肋骨ribs, costae肋软骨costal cartilages胸骨sternum乳腺组织breast tissue悬韧带suspensory ligament, Copper&#39;s ligament 乳腺后组织retromammary tissue横膈diaphragm颈总动脉common carotid artery颈外动脉external carotid artery颈内动脉internal carotid artery椎动脉vertebral artery无名动脉innominate artery颈内静脉internal jugular vein甲状腺上动脉superior thyroid artery乳房内动脉internal mammary artery3 腹部血管、周围血管腹主动脉abdominal aorta腹腔动脉celiac artery肠系膜上动脉superior mesenteric artery肠系膜下动脉inferior mesenteric artery肝总动脉common hepatic artery肝动脉hepatic artery胃左动脉left gastric artery胃十二指肠动脉gastroduodenal artery脾动脉splenic artery肾动脉renal artery卵巢动脉ovarian artery髂总动脉common iliac artery髂内动脉internal iliac artery髂外动脉external iliac artery锁骨下动脉subclavian artery椎动脉vertebral artery乳房内动脉internal mammary artery颈内静脉internal jugular vein颈外静脉external jugular vein腋静脉axillary vein奇静脉azygos vein大隐静脉great saphenous vein下腔静脉inferior vena cava门静脉portal vein肠系膜上静脉superior mesenteric vein肝静脉hepatic vein肾静脉renal vein腰静脉lumbar vein精索静脉spermatic vein肾弓形动脉renal arcuate arteries股动脉femoral artery肱动脉humeral artery桡动脉radial artery尺动脉ulnar artery面动脉facial artery锁骨下动脉subclavian artery颈浅动脉superficial cervical artery颞浅动脉superficial temporal artery4 肝、胆、胰、脾、泌尿男生殖肝左叶left liver lobe(LL)肝右叶right liver lobe(RL)尾状叶caudate lobe(CL)方叶quadrate lobe(QL)附垂叶Riedel&#39;s lobe胆囊gallbladder(G)胆囊管cystic duct(CD)肝管hepatic duct(HD)胆总管common bile duct (CBD)肝门porta hepatis胆囊窝gallbladder forssa肝圆韧带hepatoumbilical ligament, round ligament 肝镰状韧带falciform ligament肝静脉韧带venose ligament胆管、胆道bile duct(BD)螺旋状瓣spiral valve肝总管common hepatic duct肝外胆管extrahepatic duct乏特壶腹Vater&#39;s ampulla胰腺pancreas胰管pancreatic duct , Wirsung&#39;s duct副胰管Santorini duct胰头head of pancreas胰颈neck of pancreas胰体body of pancreas胰尾tail of pancreas钩突uncinate process脾spleen脾门splenic hilum肾周脂肪perinephrit fat集合系统collective system肾kedney肾盂renal calyes锥体pyramids肾柱renal colums肾上腺adrenal gland输尿管ureters, ureteral , uretero膀胱urinary bladder , bladder尿道urethra睾丸testis附睾epididymis鞘膜tunica vagialis, vagina tunic白膜tunica albuginea , albuginea输精管ductus deferens, deferent duct精囊vesiculae seminals, seminal vesicle射精管ejaculatory ducts阴囊scrotum, scrotal sac精索spermatic cord腹股沟inguen前列腺prostate5 妇产科子宫uterus输卵管uterine tube, oviduct卵巢ovary, ovaries子宫颈cervix子宫腔uterine canal子宫内膜endometriosis子宫直肠陷凹rectouterine fossa子宫内口internal ostium of the uterus子宫口orifice of the uterus 阴道vagina胚胎embryo卵黄囊yolk sac羊膜amnion羊膜腔amniotic cavity蜕膜decidua绒毛villus绒毛膜chorion胎盘placenta胎儿fetus胎心fetal heart胎动fetal movement, feta motion胎儿脊柱fetal spine胎儿胃泡fetal stomach bubble胎儿胸部fetal thorax胎儿肾fetal kidney胎儿肢体fetal limb脐带umbilical cord卵泡，滤泡follicle附件adnexa羊水amniotic fluid宫内节育器intrauterine device妊娠囊gestational sac顶臀长度crown-rump length双顶径biparietal diameter胎头指数cephalic index枕额径occipito-frontal diameter头围head circumference胸围thoracic circumference腹围abdominal circumference小脑径cerebellum diameter头（径）指数cephalic index双眼间距ocular distance腹部横径transverse trunk diameter腹部前后径anteroposterior trunk diameter 椎骨长度（胸6～腰3）length of vertebrae 脊柱spine, vertebral colum股骨长度femur length肱骨长度humerus length胎儿体重fetal weight脐动脉umbilical artery脐静脉umbilical vein胎盘placenta孕周gestational week孕龄gestational age。

自动追频超声波专业术语
自动追频超声波是指一种超声波信号处理技术，其专业术语主要包括以下几个方面：
1. 追频（Doppler）：指超声波经过散射体反射后频率发生变化，即频率偏移现象。

追频技术利用这一现象，通过测量频率变化来推断被测物体的速度和方向。

2. 自动追频（Automatic Doppler Tracking）：指通过内置的算法和反馈机制，实现对被测物体的自动追踪和持续监测。

3. 超声波（Ultrasonic）：指频率超过人类听觉范围（20kHz）的声波。

在医学、工业、科研等领域，超声波被广泛应用于成像、测距、检测等方面。

4. 信号处理（Signal Processing）：指对采集到的信号进行滤波、放大、去噪、特征提取等操作，以提高信号质量和提取有用信息。

5. 散射体（Scatterer）：指超声波在物体或介质中遇到的障碍物，使其发生反射、折射、散射等现象。

6. 算法（Algorithm）：指用于处理和分析追频超声波信号的数学模型和计算方法，包括傅里叶变换、相关分析、滤波算法等。

7. 反馈机制（Feedback Mechanism）：指通过传感器等反馈装
置不断调整追踪系统的参数，使其能够持续跟踪被测物体并保持稳定。

8. 监测（Monitoring）：指实时观察和记录被测物体的运动变化，可以用于医学诊断、流体流速检测等应用中。

以上是自动追频超声波的一些常见专业术语，用于描述、研究和应用该技术。

教女性朋友看懂乳腺超声常见的6个专业术语首先看下一份乳腺超声报告，对照里面的一些常见术语，为非医务人员的女性朋友做个科普，便于快速掌握自己的病情。

一、结节、团块⏹结节表示小肿块⏹团块表示大肿块【解读】“结节”是体检报告中出现频率最高的术语，多出现在乳腺超声报告里，偶尔在简单的触摸查体报告、钼靶报告中也可见。

“结节”只是一个描述性语言，用来形容各种方法所发现的“小肿块”，它不涉及肿物的良恶性质，也不是疾病的名称。

而“团块”则与“结节”相对，用来形容“大肿块”。

二、低回声、无回声、边界清楚、边界不清⏹低回声：“结节”在图影中黑一些⏹无回声：“结节”在图影中更黑一些⏹边界清楚和边界不清：描述肿块在图像上是否清晰可辨【解读】在乳腺超声报告里，通常会形容结节是“低回声”或“无回声”，这同样是一个描述性语言。

在超声的黑白图像上，各种不同性质的“结节”自然有的黑一些（低回声），有的更黑一些（无回声），似乎也没有特别客观的界定标准。

“边界清楚”或“边界不清”则是形容这些“结节”在图像上是否清晰可辨。

但是，不能绝对化地认为“边界不清”就一定是恶性的，或者“边界清楚”就是良性，这还需要医师具体分析。

三、腺体结构紊乱⏹乳腺细胞数量、排列及组织结构看起来与正常的不同【解读】在乳腺超声或钼靶报告里较为常见的一个形容腺体图像的描述性语言。

如果乳腺影像结构看起来与正常的不同，我们就会形容为“腺体结构紊乱”，多数是由于腺体增生（微观上就是细胞数量、排列及组织结构的改变）所致，就是人们常说的“乳腺增生”，当然也不能排除极少数“结构紊乱”是因为局部细胞的恶变所致。

四、囊肿一层薄薄的皮包着一包水【解读】同样，在超声报告里，对特别典型的“无回声”结节，有经验的超声医师会将其直接判断为“囊肿”，所谓囊肿，可以理解为一层薄薄的皮包着一包水，这在乳腺囊性增生病里较为常见，可以单发，也可以多发。

而多数的囊肿是良性、无害的。

五、BI-RADS【解读】这个看起来“高大上”的神秘英文令不少患者恐慌，更可怕的是其后缀上的不同级别——1级、2级、3级……其实，这只是“Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System”（乳腺影像报告及数据系统）的英文缩写，为的是使不同的医生看到影像报告时，有个统一的标准可循，当分级≥3级时，提示医师要进行进一步诊断或外科干预。

超声医学术语中英文对照（SY）Fumur 股骨Skull ,Cra nialBones颅骨Hip 髋骨Spi naBifida脊柱裂Humerus 肱骨Tendon Tendon 肌腱Iliac Creast 髂嵴Tibiaula 胫骨Ilium 髂骨Ulna尺骨脊柱Joint关节M.Psoas Major Verebral Colum, SpineMuscle, Musculus (M)8)心脏(Cardiac )AccTALS腰大肌椎骨肌肉Vertebra加速度面积Acc血流加速时间心率HR主动脉瓣叶开放等容舒张期IVRT室间隔AnnAo瓣环IVS主动脉IVSd 、IVSs主动脉弓直径L升主动脉直径室间隔（收缩期，舒期）厚度Ao Arch Diam 长度Ao Asc LA 左心房Ao Desc Diam 降主动脉直径LA Diam 左心房直径Ao DiamAo IsthmusAo st junctARAscASDAVAV- A 连续性方程计算的主动脉瓣膜面积AV CuspAV CuspAV Di am)AVABSACI主动脉根部直径主动脉峡部主动脉ST接合主动脉返流上升心房间隔缺损主动脉瓣膜主动脉瓣膜尖端开放主动脉瓣膜尖端开放主动脉瓣膜直径主动脉瓣膜面积体表面积心脏指数LA MajorLA MinorLA/Ao RatioLAALADLPALPALVLVALVI DLVIDdLVIDsLVL左心房长度左心房宽度左心房直径和主动脉部直径比率左心房面积左心房直径左肺动脉左肺动脉左心室左心室面积左心室内径舒张期左心室容积收缩期左心室容积左心室长度舒张期左心室内径LVLd。

超声基本术语解释超声基本术语解释B模式是用亮度 (Brightness)调制方式来显示回波强弱的方式，也称作"断层图像”，即二维灰阶图像。

M模式是记录在某一固定的采样线上，组织器官随时间变化而发生纵向运动的方法。

B/M模式是显示器上同时显示一幅断层图像和一幅M模式图像的操作模式。

体位标志是为标志当前超声所探测的身体部位而设的身体部位的图形标志。

字符一组数字和字母及其它符号，用来对超声图像加入注释。

探头是电声换能片，在超声扫描时，它将电发射脉冲信号转换成超声脉冲信号，也将超声回波信号转换成电信号。

DSC是"数字扫描转换器"的缩写，是一个数字集成存贮器，它能存贮超声信号并把它们转化为TV扫描信号。

动态范围是指回波信号不被噪声淹没，并且不饱和，能放大显示的输入(电压等等)范围。

电子聚焦适当安排换能器阵各阵元的激励信号，实现声束聚焦的技术。

多段聚焦在不同探测深度进行电子聚焦，聚焦数的增加可使图像更加清晰。

是一种增强图像边缘以使图像组织边界更清晰的功能。

Far Gain(远场增益)是补偿超声波随探测点深度增加而衰减用的增益。

Near Gain(近场增益)是一种控制在距换能片不超过3cm的区域内的回波强度的功能。

帧相关是一种滤除噪声，对图像进行平滑的功能。

扫描速度指M模式图像每秒内的水平移动的距离，在这里指的是一幅图像从左边扫至右边所需的时间。

ZOOM(倍率)是一种放大图像的功能。

冻结是使实时显示的超声图像静止不动的功能。

全数字化超声诊断仪采用数字声束形成技术，在接收模拟人体信号的过程中，探头将信号进行数字化编码，使信号完全数字化，进一步提高图像的质量。

通常理解，凡具有 4个聚焦点的超声诊断仪则应是数字化超声。

通道可等同于物理通道。

对接收通道而言，通道即指具有接收隔离、前置放大、 TGC控制等具体电路的硬件。

在多声束形成技术中，每一物理通道(对应一个阵元)将分为多个虚拟通道(或称逻辑通道)，产生不同的延迟时间后与相邻的阵元信号相加，形成不同的声束成像帧率成像帧率取决于成像设备的性能、是否使用多声束形成技术和探测深度，其中探测深度对成像帧率起决定性的作用。

常用超声术语英文缩略词超声科医生在日常工作及科研工作中经常接触到一些英文术语及缩略词，有必要对常见的超声术语予以一定的了解及掌握，下面对在英文文献及教科书中经常出现的术语总结如下。

取术语中每个单词的首位字母即组成缩略词（如胆总管common bile duct缩略词为CBD）。

当然，不是所有的所谓术语都具有缩略词，除了一部分被普遍承认的缩略词外，在使用英文术语时应尽量用全称。

【超声基础方面】超声成像ultrasonic imaging实时成像real-time imaging灰阶显示gray scale display彩阶显示color scale display经颅多普勒transcranial doppler彩色多普勒血流显像color doppler flow imaging彩色血流造影color flow angiography彩色多普勒能量图color doppler energy彩色能量图color power angio超声内镜ultrasound endoscope超声导管ultrasound catheter血管内超声intravascular ultrasound血管内超声显像intravascular ultrasonic imaging管腔内超声显像intraluminal ultrasonic imaging腔内超声显像endoluminal sonography心内超声显像intracardiac ultrasonic imaging内镜超声扫描endoscopic ultrasonography内镜超声技术endosonography膀胱镜超声技术cystosonography阴道镜超声技术vaginosonography经阴道彩色多普勒显像transvaginal color doppler imaging经直肠超声扫描transrectal ultrasonography直肠镜超声（技术）rectosonography经尿道扫查transurethral scanning介入性超声interventional ultrasound术中超声监视intraoperative ultrasonic monitoring超声引导经皮肝穿刺胆管造影ultrasound guided percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography超声引导经皮穿刺注射乙醇US guided percutaneous alcohol injection超声引导经皮胆囊胆汁引流US guided percutaneous gallbladder bile drainage超声引导经皮抽吸US guided percutaneous aspiration超声引导胎儿组织活检US guided fetal tissue biopsy超声引导经皮肝穿刺门静脉造影US guided percutaneous transhepatic portography三维显示three dimensional display三维图像重建3D image reconstruction组织特性成像tissue specific imaging动态成像dynamic imaging数字成像digital image血管显像angiography声像图法echography sonography声像图sonogram echogram多用途探头multipurpose scanner宽频带探头wide-band probe环阵相控探头phased annular array probe术中探头intraoperative porbe穿刺探头ultrasound guided probe食管探头transesophagel probe经食管超声心动图探头transesophagel echocardiography probe 阴道探头transvaginal probe直肠探头transrectal probe尿道探头transurethral probe膀胱探头intervesical probe腔内探头intracavitary probe内腔探头endo-probe导管超声探头catheter-based US probe扫描方式scan mode线阵linear array凸阵convex array扇扫sector scanning传感器sensor换能器transducer放大器amplifier阻尼器buffer解调器、检波器demodulator触发器trigger零位调整zero adjustment定标、校正calibration快速时间常数电路fast time constant自动增益控制automatic gain control深度增益补偿depth gain compensation时间增益补偿time gain compensation对数压缩logarithmic compression灵敏度时间控制sensitivity time control动态范围dynamic range消除erase, eliminate变换shift倒置、反转invert消除clear注释annotation放大magnification , magnify , zoom写入write记录record聚焦focus帧率frame rate冻结freeze字符character抑制rejection, reject , suppression增益gain帧相关frame correlation回放rendering , play back彩色极性color polarity彩色边界color edge彩色增强color enhance菜单选择menu selection彩色余辉color persistence彩色捕获color capture彩色壁滤波color wall filter彩色速度显像color velocity imaging彩色转向color steering彩色消除color cut彩色锁定color lock成像数据imaging data预设置preset前处理pre process后处理post process重调、复原reset动态频率扫描dynamic frequency scanning 焦距focal distance动态聚焦dynamic focusing滑动聚焦sliging focusing区域聚焦zone focusing连续聚焦sequential focusing电子聚焦electric focusing分段聚焦segment focusing多段聚焦multistage focusing全场连续聚焦confocusing图像均匀性image uniformity运动辨别力motion discrimination穿透深度penetration depth空间分辨力spatial resolution瞬时分辨力temporal resolution帧分辨力frame resolution图像线分辨力image-line resolution对比分辨力contrast resolution细节分辨力detail resolution多普勒取样容积doppler sample volume多普勒流速分布分辨力doppler flow-velocity distributive resolution 多普勒流向分辨力doppler flow-direction resolution多普勒最低流速分辨力doppler minimum flow-velocity resolution彩色多普勒空间分辨力spatial resolution of color doppler彩色多普勒时间分辨力time resolution of color doppler彩色多普勒最低流速分辨力minimum flow-velocity of color doppler 彩色多普勒强度color doppler level彩色多普勒处理功能板CFM processing board彩色视频监视器color video monitor--------------------------------------------------------------------------------【解剖学方面】1、颅脑大脑cerebrum大脑纵裂longitudinal cerebral fissure大脑皮质cerebral大脑镰falx cerebri大脑导水管，中脑水管cerebral aqueduct中脑midbrain, mesencephalon小脑cerebellum小脑幕tentorium cerebelli丘脑，视丘thalmus延髓medulla oblongata侧脑室lateral ventricle第三脑室third ventricle第四脑室fourth ventricle第五脑室fifth ventricle脑桥，桥脑pons脑干brain stem间脑diencephalon中间块intermidiate mass尾状核caudate nucleus脉络丛choroid plexus胼胝体corpus callosum脑岛，岛叶insula大脑脚cerebral peduncles大脑外侧沟（窝、裂）lateral sulcus , sylvius fissure穹窿fornix透明隔septum pellucidum透明隔腔cavity of septum pellucidum额叶frontal lobe顶叶parietal lobe枕叶occipital lobe颞叶temporale lobe缘叶limbic lobe大脑动脉环Willi\'s artery circle大脑前动脉anterior cerebral artery大脑中动脉middle cerebral artery大脑后动脉posterior cerebral artery基底动脉basilar artery前交通支（动脉）anterior communicating branch后交通支（动脉）posterior communicating branch颅前窝，凹anterior cranial fossa颅中窝，凹middle cranial fossa颅后窝，凹posterior cranial fossa2、眼、面颈、涎腺、乳腺、胸肺眼球optic bulb ,eyeball角膜cornea前房anterior chamber虹膜iris睫状体ciliary body视网膜retina脉络膜choroid巩膜sclera房水aqueous humour玻璃体vitreous玻璃体膜hyaloid membrae晶状体lens（眼）直肌recti muscles视神经optic nerve眶上动脉supraorbital artery眼动脉ophthalmic artery视网膜中央动脉central retinal artery睫状后长（短）动脉posterior long (short) ciliary artery 泪腺动脉lacrimal gland artery滑车上动脉supratrochlear artery眼静脉ophthalmic vein眶上静脉suprorbital vein滑车上静脉supratrochlear vein视网膜中央静脉central retinal vein涡状静脉vorticose veins眼眶orbit结膜conjunctiva唾液腺、涎腺salivary gland腮腺parotid (gland)颌下腺submaxillary gland舌下腺sublingual gland甲状腺thyroid (gland )甲状旁腺parathyroid (gland )上颌窦maxillary sinus气管trachea食管esophagus乳腺breast, mammary gland额front枕occiput颞temples颊cheek胸廓、胸腔thorax, thorax cavity肋骨ribs, costae肋软骨costal cartilages胸骨sternum乳腺组织breast tissue悬韧带suspensory ligament, Copper\'s ligament 乳腺后组织retromammary tissue横膈diaphragm颈总动脉common carotid artery颈外动脉external carotid artery颈内动脉internal carotid artery椎动脉vertebral artery无名动脉innominate artery颈内静脉internal jugular vein甲状腺上动脉superior thyroid artery乳房内动脉internal mammary artery3、腹部血管、周围血管腹主动脉abdominal aorta腹腔动脉celiac artery肠系膜上动脉superior mesenteric artery肠系膜下动脉inferior mesenteric artery肝总动脉common hepatic artery肝动脉hepatic artery胃左动脉left gastric artery胃十二指肠动脉gastroduodenal artery脾动脉splenic artery肾动脉renal artery卵巢动脉ovarian artery髂总动脉common iliac artery髂内动脉internal iliac artery髂外动脉external iliac artery锁骨下动脉subclavian artery椎动脉vertebral artery乳房内动脉internal mammary artery颈内静脉internal jugular vein颈外静脉external jugular vein腋静脉axillary vein奇静脉azygos vein大隐静脉great saphenous vein下腔静脉inferior vena cava门静脉portal vein肠系膜上静脉superior mesenteric vein肝静脉hepatic vein肾静脉renal vein腰静脉lumbar vein精索静脉spermatic vein肾弓形动脉renal arcuate arteries股动脉femoral artery肱动脉humeral artery桡动脉radial artery尺动脉ulnar artery面动脉facial artery锁骨下动脉subclavian artery颈浅动脉superficial cervical artery颞浅动脉superficial temporal artery4、肝、胆、胰、脾、泌尿男生殖肝左叶left liver lobe(LL)肝右叶right liver lobe(RL)尾状叶caudate lobe(CL)方叶quadrate lobe(QL)附垂叶Riedel\'s lobe胆囊gallbladder(GB)胆囊管cystic duct(CD)肝管hepatic duct(HD)胆总管common bile duct (CBD)肝门porta hepatis胆囊窝gallbladder forssa肝圆韧带hepatoumbilical ligament, round ligament 肝镰状韧带falciform ligament肝静脉韧带venose ligament胆管、胆道bile duct(BD)螺旋状瓣spiral valve肝总管common hepatic duct肝外胆管extrahepatic duct乏特壶腹V ater\'s ampulla胰腺pancreas胰管pancreatic duct , Wirsung\'s duct副胰管Santorini duct胰头head of pancreas胰颈neck of pancreas胰体body of pancreas胰尾tail of pancreas钩突uncinate process脾spleen脾门splenic hilum肾周脂肪perinephrit fat集合系统collective system肾kedney肾盂renal calyes锥体pyramids肾柱renal colums肾上腺adrenal gland输尿管ureters, ureteral , uretero膀胱urinary bladder , bladder尿道urethra睾丸testis附睾epididymis鞘膜tunica vagialis, vagina tunic白膜tunica albuginea , albuginea输精管ductus deferens, deferent duct精囊vesiculae seminals, seminal vesicle射精管ejaculatory ducts阴囊scrotum, scrotal sac精索spermatic cord腹股沟inguen前列腺prostate5、妇产科子宫uterus输卵管uterine tube, oviduct卵巢ovary, ovaries子宫颈cervix子宫腔uterine canal子宫内膜endometriosis子宫直肠陷凹rectouterine fossa子宫内口internal ostium of the uterus子宫口orifice of the uterus阴道vagina胚胎embryo卵黄囊yolk sac羊膜amnion羊膜腔amniotic cavity蜕膜decidua绒毛villus绒毛膜chorion胎盘placenta胎儿fetus胎心fetal heart胎动fetal movement, feta motion胎儿脊柱fetal spine胎儿胃泡fetal stomach bubble胎儿胸部fetal thorax胎儿肾fetal kidney胎儿肢体fetal limb脐带umbilical cord卵泡，滤泡follic le附件adnexa羊水amniotic fluid宫内节育器intrauterine device妊娠囊gestational sac顶臀长度crown-rump length双顶径biparietal diameter胎头指数cephalic index枕额径occipito-frontal diameter头围head circumference胸围thoracic circumference腹围abdominal circumference小脑径cerebellum diameter头（径）指数cephalic index双眼间距ocular distance腹部横径transverse trunk diameter腹部前后径anteroposterior trunk diameter 椎骨长度（胸6～腰3）length of vertebrae 脊柱spine, vertebral colum股骨长度femur length肱骨长度humerus length胎儿体重fetal weight脐动脉umbilical artery脐静脉umbilical vein 胎盘placenta孕周gestational week 孕龄gestational age。

中英文超声无损检测名词术语Acceptance limits 验收范围Acceptance level 验收水平Acceptance standard 验收标准Accumulation test 累积检测Acoustic emission transducer 声发射换能器〔声发射传感器〕Acoustic impedance 声阻抗Acoustic impedance matching 声阻抗匹配Acoustic impedance method 声阻法Acoustic wave 声波Acoustical lens 声透镜Acoustic—ultrasonic 声-超声〔AU〕Adequate shielding 安全屏蔽Amplitude 幅度Angle beam method 斜射法Angle of incidence 入射角Angle of reflection 反射角Angle of spread 指向角Angle of squint 偏向角Angle probe 斜探头Area amplitude response curve 面积幅度曲线Area of interest 评定区Artificial discontinuity 人工不连续性Artifact 假缺陷Artificial defect 人工缺陷Artificial discontinuity 标准人工缺陷A-scan A型扫描A-scope; A-scan A型显示Attenuation coefficient 衰减系数Attenuator 衰减器Automatic testing 自动检测Evaluation 评定Beam 声束Beam ratio 光束比Beam angle 束张角Beam axis 声束轴线Beam index 声束入射点Beam path location 声程定位Beam path; path length 声程Beam spread 声束扩散Bottom echo 底面回波Bottom surface 底面Boundary echo<first> 边界一次回波Broad-beam condition 宽射束B-scan presentation B型扫描显示B-scope; B-scan B型显示C- scan C型扫描Calibration,instrument 设备校准pressional wave 压缩波Continuous emission 连续发射microstructureContinuous linear array 连续线阵Continuous method 连续法Continuous spectrum 连续谱Continuous wave 连续波Contract stretch 对比度宽限Contrast 对比度Contrast sensitivity 对比灵敏度Control echo 监视回波Control echo 参考回波Couplant 耦合剂Coupling 耦合Coupling losses 耦合损失Creeping wave 爬波Critical angle 临界角Cross section 横截面Cross talk 串音Cross-drilled hole 横孔Crystal 晶片C-scope; C-scan C型显示Curie point 居里点Curie temperature 居里温度Curie<Ci> 居里Dead zone 盲区Decibel<dB> 分贝Defect 缺陷Defect resolution 缺陷分辨力Defect detection sensitivity 缺陷检出灵敏度Definition 清晰度Definition, image definition 清晰度,图像清晰度Direct contact method 直接接触法Directivity 指向性Discontinuity 不连续性Distance- gain- size-German A VG 距离- 增益- 尺寸〔DGS德文为A VG〕Distance marker; time marker 距离刻度Double crystal probe 双晶片探头Double probe technique 双探头法Double transceiver technique 双发双收法Double traverse technique 二次波法D-scope; D-scan D型显示Dual search unit 双探头Dynamic range 动态范围Echo 回波Echo frequency 回波频率Echo height 回波高度Echo indication 回波指示Echo transmittance of sound pressure 往复透过率Echo width 回波宽度Equivalent 当量Equivalent method 当量法Evaluation 评定Examination area 检测范围Examination region 检验区域Final test 复探Flat-bottomed hole 平底孔Flat-bottomed hole equivalent 平底孔当量Flaw 伤Flaw characterization 伤特性Flaw echo 缺陷回波Flexural wave 弯曲波Focal spot 焦点Focal distance 焦距Focus length 焦点长度Focus size 焦点尺寸Focus width 焦点宽度Focused beam 聚焦声束Focusing probe 聚焦探头Focus-to-film distance<f.f.d> 焦点-胶片距离〔焦距〕Frequency 频率Frequency constant 频率常数Fringe 干涉带Front distance 前沿距离Front distance of flaw 缺陷前沿距离Fundamental frequency 基频Gain 增益Gap scanning 间隙扫查Gate 闸门Gating technique 选通技术Gauss 高斯Grazing incidence 掠入射Grazing angle 掠射角Group velocity 群速度Half life 半衰期Half-value method 半波高度法Harmonic analysis 谐波分析Harmonics 谐频Head wave 头波Image definition 图像清晰度Image contrast 图像对比度Image enhancement 图像增强Image magnification 图像放大Image quality 图像质量Imaging line scanner 图像线扫描器Immersion probe 液浸探头Immersion rinse 浸没清洗Immersion testing 液浸法Impedance 阻抗Impedance plane diagram 阻抗平面图Imperfection 不完整性Indicated defect area 缺陷指示面积Indicated defect length 缺陷指示长度Indication 指示Initial pulse 始脉冲Initial pulse width 始波宽度Inspection 检查Inspection medium 检查介质Inspection frequency/ test frequency 检测频率Interface boundary 界面Interface echo 界面回波Interface trigger 界面触发Interference 干涉Interpretation 解释Lamb wave 兰姆波Lateral scan 左右扫查Lateral scan with oblique angle 斜平行扫查Limiting resolution 极限分辨率Line scanner 线扫描器Linear scan 线扫查Location 定位Location accuracy 定位精度Location puted 定位,计算Location marker 定位标记Longitudinal wave 纵波Longitudinal wave probe 纵波探头Longitudinal wave technique 纵波法Loss of back reflection 背面反射损失Loss of back reflection 底面反射损失Magnetostrictive effect 磁致伸缩效应Magnetostrictive transducer 磁致伸缩换能器Main beam 主声束Manual testing 手动检测MA-scope; MA-scan MA型显示Micrometre 微米Micron of mercury 微米汞柱Mode 波型Mode conversion 波型转换Mode transformation 波型转换Multiple back reflections 多次背面反射Multiple reflections 多次反射Multiple back reflections 多次底面反射Multiple echo method 多次反射法Multiple probe technique 多探头法Multiple triangular array 多三角形阵列Narrow beam condition 窄射束Near field 近场Near field length 近场长度Near surface defect 近表面缺陷Noise 噪声Nominal angle 标称角度Nominal frequency 标称频率Nondestructive Examination〔NDE〕无损试验Nondestructive Evaluation〔NDE〕无损评价Nondestructive Inspection〔NDI〕无损检验Nondestructive Testing〔NDT〕无损检测Normal incidence 垂直入射〔亦见直射声束〕Normal beam method; straight beam method 垂直法Normal probe 直探头Parallel scan 平行扫查Parasitic echo 干扰回波Pattern 探伤图形Penetrant flaw detection 渗透探伤Phantom echo 幻象回波Phase detection 相位检测Plane wave 平面波Plate wave 板波Plate wave technique 板波法Point source 点源Probe test 探头检测Probe index 探头入射点Probe to weld distance 探头-焊缝距离Probe/ search unit 探头Pulse 脉冲波Pulse 脉冲Pulse echo method 脉冲回波法Pulse repetition rate 脉冲重复率Pulse amplitude 脉冲幅度Pulse echo method 脉冲反射法Pulse energy 脉冲能量Pulse envelope 脉冲包络Pulse length 脉冲长度Pulse repetition frequency 脉冲重复频率Pulse tuning 脉冲调谐Quadruple traverse technique 四次波法Range 量程Rayleigh wave 瑞利波Rayleigh scattering 瑞利散射Reference block 参考试块Reference block 对比试块Reference block method 对比试块法Reference standard 参考标准Reflection 反射Reflection coefficient 反射系数Reflector 反射体Refraction 折射Refractive index 折射率Reject; suppression 抑制Rejection level 拒收水平Resolution 分辨力Sampling probe 取样探头Saturation 饱和Saturation,magnetic 磁饱和Scan on grid lines 格子线扫查Scan pitch 扫查间距Scanning 扫查Scanning index 扫查标记Scanning directly on the weld 焊缝上扫查Scanning path 扫查轨迹Scanning sensitivity 扫查灵敏度Scanning speed 扫查速度Scanning zone 扫查区域SE probe SE探头Second critical angle 第二临界角Sensitivity va1ue 灵敏度值Sensitivity 灵敏度Sensitivity of leak test 泄漏检测灵敏度Sensitivity control 灵敏度控制Shear wave 切变波Shear wave probe 横波探头Shear wave technique 横波法Signal to noise ratio 信噪比Single crystal probe 单晶片探头Single probe technique 单探头法Single traverse technique 一次波法Sizing technique 定量法Sound diffraction 声绕射Sound insulating layer 隔声层Sound intensity 声强Sound intensity level 声强级Sound pressure 声压Sound scattering 声散射Sound transparent layer 透声层Sound velocity 声速Source 源Specified sensitivity 规定灵敏度Standard 标准Standard 标准试样Standard test block 标准试块Standardization instrument 设备标准化Standing wave; stationary wave 驻波Subsurface discontinuity 近表面不连续性Suppression 抑制Surface echo 表面回波Surface wave 表面波Surface wave probe 表面波探头Surface wave technique 表面波法Surplus sensitivity 灵敏度余量Sweep 扫描Sweep range 扫描范围Sweep speed 扫描速度Swept gain 扫描增益Swivel scan 环绕扫查System exanlillatien threshold 系统检验阈值System noise 系统噪声Tandem scan 串列扫查Test block 试块Test frequency 试验频率Test range 探测范围Test surface 探测面Testing,ultrasonic 超声检测Third critical angle 第三临界角Through transmission technique 穿透技术Through penetration technique 贯穿渗透法Through transmission technique; transmission technique 穿透法Transducer 换能器/传感器Transmission 透射Transverse wave 横波Traveling echo 游动回波Travering scan; depth scan 前后扫查Triangular array 正三角形阵列Trigger/alarm condition 触发/报警状态Trigger/alarm level 触发/报警标准Triple traverse technique 三次波法True continuous technique 准确连续法技术Ultrasonic noise level 超声噪声电平Ultrasonic field 超声场Ultrasonic flaw detection 超声探伤Ultrasonic flaw detector 超声探伤仪Variable angle probe 可变角探头Vertical linearity 垂直线性Vertical location 垂直定位Visible light 可见光Wave 波Wave train 波列Wave from 波形Wave front 波前Wave length 波长Wave node 波节Wave train 波列Wedge 斜楔Wheel type probe; wheel search unit 轮式探头Working sensitivity 探伤灵敏度Zigzag scan 锯齿扫查。

超声专业术语解说英文中文术语解说按图像信息的获取方法分类，由此可划分为反射法超声诊疗仪、多普勒法超声诊疗仪和透射法超声诊疗仪。

按图像信息显示的成像方式分类，则可将超声诊疗仪分为 A 型、 M 型、 B 型、 P 型、 BP 型、 C 型、 F 型以及超声全息等超声诊疗仪三种方式分类各样，除 A 型和 M 型外，其余均属广义的 B 型范围。

按超声波束的扫描方式分类，超声诊疗仪又分为低速（手动）扫描、高速机械线性扫描、高速机械扇形扫描、高速电子线性扫描和高速电子扇形（相控阵）扫描等。

鉴于超声在经过不一样的声阻抗组织界面时会发生较强反射的原理工作的，按图像显示方式分类的 A 型、M 型、B 型、P反射法超声仪器型、 BP 型、 C 型和 F 型超声诊疗仪统属反射法超声仪器，就成像方式而言， A 型采纳幅度调制的回波显示法， M 型采纳辉度调制的时基显示法，而 B 型、 BP 型、 C 型和 F 型则采纳辉度调制的二维声像图显示法，且往常可实现及时动向成像显示。

鉴于超声流传的多普勒效应工作的，有连续多普勒和脉冲多普勒之分。

及时二维彩色多普勒血流显像仪则是最近几年来在连多普勒法超声仪器续多普勒及脉冲多普勒技术上发展的一项超声诊疗新技术，是彩色 B 型显像技术与超声多普勒探测技术相联合的产物，80 年月中期应用于临床以来，到现在已有了较快的发展。

透射法超声仪器可望实现超声全息及时动向成像，目前尚处于研制中，未达来临床应用的水平。

Array Element阵元受雷达技术的影响，从上世纪80年月开始，绝大多半医用超声成像系统都用阵列探头来成像了，所谓阵列探头，就是探头外面看起来固然是一坨，内部其实被切成了好多个完好独立的单元，称为阵元。

阵元数多了，自然就有不一样的电路来控制这些阵元的发射和接收，其实这些不一样的电路就Channel通道是通道。

因为系统里既要发射，又要接收，所以超声成像系统的通道散发射通道和接收通道，发射通道数也就是相互独立的发射电路数目；接收通道数也就是相互独立的接收电路数目。

超声成像- ultrasonic imaging实时成像- real-time imaging灰阶显示- gray scale display彩阶显示- color scale display经颅多普勒- transcranial doppler彩色多普勒血流显像- color doppler flow imaging彩色血流造影- color flow angiography彩色多普勒能量图- color doppler energy彩色能量图- color power angio超声内镜- ultrasound endoscope超声导管- ultrasound catheter血管内超声- intravascular ultrasound 血管内超声显像- intravascular ultrasonic imaging管腔内超声显像- intraluminal ultrasonic imaging腔内超声显像- endoluminal sonography心内超声显像- intracardiac ultrasonic imaging内镜超声扫描- endoscopic ultrasonography内镜超声技术- endosonography膀胱镜超声技术- cystosonography阴道镜超声技术- vaginosonography 经阴道彩色多普勒显像- transvaginal color doppler imaging经直肠超声扫描- transrectal ultrasonography直肠镜超声（技术）- rectosonography经尿道扫查- transurethral scanning介入性超声- interventional ultrasound 术中超声监视- intraoperative ultrasonic monitoring超声引导经皮肝穿刺胆管造影- ultrasound guided percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography超声引导经皮穿刺注射乙醇- US guided percutaneous alcohol injection超声引导经皮胆囊胆汁引流- US guided percutaneous gallbladder bile drainage超声引导经皮抽吸- US guided percutaneous aspiration超声引导胎儿组织活检- US guided fetal tissue biopsy超声引导经皮肝穿刺门静脉造影- US guided percutaneous transhepatic portography三维显示- three dimensional display三维图像重建- 3D image reconstruction组织特性成像- tissue specific imaging 动态成像- dynamic imaging数字成像- digital image血管显像- angiography声像图法- echography sonography声像图- sonogram echogram多用途探头- multipurpose scanner宽频带探头- wide-band probe环阵相控探头- phased annular array probe术中探头- intraoperative porbe穿刺探头- ultrasound guided probe食管探头- transesophagel probe经食管超声心动图探头- transesophagel echocardiography probe 阴道探头- transvaginal probe直肠探头- transrectal probe尿道探头- transurethral probe膀胱探头- intervesical probe腔内探头- intracavitary probe内腔探头- endo-probe导管超声探头- catheter-based US probe扫描方式- scan mode线阵- linear array凸阵- convex array扇扫- sector scanning传感器- sensor 换能器- transducer放大器- amplifier阻尼器- buffer解调器、检波器- demodulator触发器- trigger零位调整- zero adjustment定标、校正- calibration快速时间常数电路- fast time constant 自动增益控制- automatic gain control 深度增益补偿- depth gain compensation时间增益补偿- time gain compensation对数压缩- logarithmic compression灵敏度时间控制- sensitivity time control动态范围- dynamic range消除- erase, eliminate变换- shift倒置、反转- invert消除- clear注释- annotation放大- magnification , magnify , zoom 写入- write记录- record聚焦- focus帧率- frame rate冻结- freeze字符- character抑制- rejection, reject , suppression增益- gain帧相关- frame correlation回放- rendering , play back彩色极性- color polarity彩色边界- color edge彩色增强- color enhance菜单选择- menu selection彩色余辉- color persistence彩色捕获- color capture彩色壁滤波- color wall filter彩色速度显像- color velocity imaging 彩色转向- color steering彩色消除- color cut彩色锁定- color lock成像数据- imaging data预设置- preset前处理- pre process后处理- post process重调、复原- reset 动态频率扫描- dynamic frequency scanning焦距- focal distance动态聚焦- dynamic focusing滑动聚焦- sliging focusing区域聚焦- zone focusing连续聚焦- sequential focusing电子聚焦- electric focusing分段聚焦- segment focusing多段聚焦- multistage focusing全场连续聚焦- confocusing图像均匀性- image uniformity运动辨别力- motion discrimination穿透深度- penetration depth空间分辨力- spatial resolution瞬时分辨力- temporal resolution帧分辨力- frame resolution图像线分辨力- image-line resolution 对比分辨力- contrast resolution细节分辨力- detail resolution多普勒取样容积- doppler sample volume多普勒流速分布分辨力- doppler flow-velocity distributive resolution多普勒流向分辨力- doppler flow-direction resolution多普勒最低流速分辨力- doppler minimum flow-velocity resolution彩色多普勒空间分辨力- spatial resolution of color doppler彩色多普勒时间分辨力- time resolution of color doppler彩色多普勒最低流速分辨力- minimum flow-velocity of color doppler 彩色多普勒强度- color doppler level 彩色多普勒处理功能板- CFM processing board彩色视频监视器- color video monitor ultrasonic imaging 超声成像real-time imaging 实时成像gray scale display 灰阶显示color scale display 彩阶显示transcranial doppler 经颅多普勒color doppler flow imaging 彩色多普勒血流显像color flow angiography 彩色血流造影color doppler energy 彩色多普勒能量图color power angio 彩色能量图ultrasound endoscope 超声内镜ultrasound catheter 超声导管intravascular ultrasound 血管内超声intravascular ultrasonic imaging 血管内超声显像intraluminal ultrasonic imaging 管腔内超声显像endoluminal sonography 腔内超声显像intracardiac ultrasonic imaging 心内超声显像endoscopic ultrasonography 内镜超声扫描endosonography 内镜超声技术cystosonography 膀胱镜超声技术vaginosonography 阴道镜超声技术transvaginal color doppler imaging 经阴道彩色多普勒显像transrectal ultrasonography 经直肠超声扫描rectosonography 直肠镜超声（技术）transurethral scanning 经尿道扫查interventional ultrasound 介入性超声intraoperative ultrasonic monitoring 术中超声监视ultrasound guided percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography 超声引导经皮肝穿刺胆管造影US guided percutaneous alcohol injection 超声引导经皮穿刺注射乙醇US guided percutaneous gallbladder bile drainage 超声引导经皮胆囊胆汁引流US guided percutaneous aspiration 超声引导经皮抽吸US guided fetal tissue biopsy 超声引导胎儿组织活检US guided percutaneous transhepatic portography 超声引导经皮肝穿刺门静脉造影three dimensional display 三维显示3D image reconstruction 三维图像重建tissue specific imaging 组织特性成像dynamic imaging 动态成像digital image 数字成像angiography 血管显像echography sonography 声像图法sonogram echogram 声像图multipurpose scanner 多用途探头wide-band probe 宽频带探头phased annular array probe 环阵相控探头intraoperative porbe 术中探头ultrasound guided probe 穿刺探头transesophagel probe 食管探头transesophagel echocardiography probe 经食管超声心动图探头transvaginal probe 阴道探头transrectal probe 直肠探头transurethral probe 尿道探头intervesical probe 膀胱探头intracavitary probe 腔内探头endo-probe 内腔探头catheter-based US probe 导管超声探头scan mode 扫描方式linear array 线阵convex array 凸阵sector scanning 扇扫sensor 传感器transducer 换能器amplifier 放大器buffer 阻尼器demodulator 解调器、检波器trigger 触发器zero adjustment 零位调整calibration 定标、校正fast time constant 快速时间常数电路automatic gain control 自动增益控制depth gain compensation 深度增益补偿time gain compensation 时间增益补偿logarithmic compression 对数压缩sensitivity time control 灵敏度时间控制dynamic range 动态范围erase, eliminate 消除shift 变换invert 倒置、反转clear 消除annotation 注释magnification , magnify , zoom 放大write 写入record 记录focus 聚焦frame rate 帧率freeze 冻结character 字符rejection, reject , suppression 抑制gain 增益frame correlation 帧相关rendering , play back 回放color polarity 彩色极性color edge 彩色边界color enhance 彩色增强menu selection 菜单选择color persistence 彩色余辉color capture 彩色捕获color wall filter 彩色壁滤波color velocity imaging 彩色速度显像color steering 彩色转向color cut 彩色消除color lock 彩色锁定imaging data 成像数据preset 预设置pre process 前处理post process 后处理reset 重调、复原dynamic frequency scanning 动态频率扫描focal distance 焦距dynamic focusing 动态聚焦sliging focusing 滑动聚焦zone focusing 区域聚焦sequential focusing 连续聚焦electric focusing 电子聚焦segment focusing 分段聚焦multistage focusing 多段聚焦confocusing 全场连续聚焦image uniformity 图像均匀性motion discrimination 运动辨别力penetration depth 穿透深度spatial resolution 空间分辨力temporal resolution 瞬时分辨力frame resolution 帧分辨力image-line resolution 图像线分辨力contrast resolution 对比分辨力detail resolution 细节分辨力doppler sample volume 多普勒取样容积doppler flow-velocity distributive resolution 多普勒流速分布分辨力doppler flow-direction resolution 多普勒流向分辨力doppler minimum flow-velocity resolution 多普勒最低流速分辨力spatial resolution of color doppler 彩色多普勒空间分辨力time resolution of color doppler 彩色多普勒时间分辨力minimum flow-velocity of color doppler 彩色多普勒最低流速分辨力color doppler level 彩色多普勒强度CFM processing board 彩色多普勒处理功能板color video monitor 彩色视频监视器。

超声考核评价术语1. “哇塞，超声图像超清晰呢，就像高清电影一样！” 例如，在检查肝脏的时候，那超声图像清晰得连最小的血管都能看见，就跟看高清大片似的，细节满满，这绝对是超棒的超声表现。

2. “这个超声的分辨率简直绝了，像放大镜下看东西一样细致。

” 就拿检查甲状腺来说，那些微小的结节都能清楚显示，分辨率这么高，就仿佛我们拿着放大镜在甲状腺上仔细查看一样，太厉害了。

3. “超声的灵敏度高得吓人，一点点小变化都能捕捉到，像灵敏的小侦探。

” 比如在检测早期妊娠的时候，哪怕胚胎刚刚着床，超声就能察觉到那细微的变化，就如同一个小侦探不放过任何蛛丝马迹。

4. “这超声的探测深度深得很呐，像潜入深海探寻宝藏一样。

” 要是给体型较大的患者检查腹部，它能深入探测到内部器官的情况，就像潜水员能深入海底寻找宝藏一样，够厉害。

5. “超声的灰度显示很合理呀，黑白层次分明得像水墨画。

” 当查看肾脏超声的时候，肾实质和肾盂的灰度显示得清清楚楚，就如同水墨画里浓淡相宜的墨色，特别容易分辨。

6. “超声的血流显示超酷的，红红蓝蓝的就像彩色的河流。

” 像是检查心脏血管的时候，那彩色血流显示在屏幕上，红色的动脉血和蓝色的静脉血流动的样子，就像彩色的河流在心脏周围流淌，可直观了。

7. “哎呀，这个超声的探头操作好灵活，就像舞者的舞步一样轻盈。

” 操作人员在给患者做超声检查时，探头在皮肤上移动自如，就像舞者在舞台上轻盈地舞动脚步，不会有任何卡顿。

8. “超声的测量功能精准得没话说，比最精密的尺子还准。

” 在测量胎儿双顶径的时候，超声测量出来的数据非常准确，比我们用最精密的尺子量东西还要精准呢。

9. “这超声的伪像控制得太好了，没有那些乱七八糟的干扰，就像平静的湖面没有涟漪。

” 检查胆囊的时候，超声图像上没有因为伪像而出现的模糊或者错误的显示，就像平静的湖面一样清澈干净。

10. “超声的实时成像功能真牛，就像现场直播一样及时。

” 比如在做关节超声的时候，随着关节的活动，超声能够实时显示关节内部结构的变化，就像在看现场直播的体育赛事一样即时。