it用法

1 高中英语语法—it的用法及练习

1、 it可指天气、温度、时间、距离等

e.g. —It is cold today, isn’t it?

2、 用作人称代词，代替前文提到过的事物

e.g. The dog is not a cold-blooded animals. It doesn’t need to hibernate.

3、 为避免重复，it可用来代替前面说过的短语或句子

e.g. I tried to persuade my father to give up smoking, but found it impossible. (it=to persuade my father to give up smoking)

4、 代替指示代词this，that

e.g. —What’s this? —It’s an album.

—Whose new bike is that? —It’s Mary’s.

【注】it与that的异同

it指同一事物，that指同类但并不是同一事物

e.g. I like the climate of Kunming more than that of Beijing. The climate of Kunming is mild, and I like it.

5、 it作形式主语

it在句中可作形式主语，而真正作主语的主语从句需要放在句子的末尾。主语从句后置常用以下几种结构：

1）It is/was + adj. + subject-clause可用于此句型的形容词有：clear, certain, funny, good, impossible, likely, natural, obvious, possible, probable, strange, surprising, true, unusual, wonderful等

e.g. It is obvious that going for sports will do a lot of good to your health.

2）It + be + adj./n. (for sb./of sb.) + to do sth.

该句型中的形容词通常表示事物的特点或特征的，如difficult, hard, easy, impossible, necessary, important等，此时用for；或表示人的性格特征或特点的，如nice, good, bad, kind, silly, foolish, wise, clever, careless,

rude, brave, cruel, careful, grateful等，这时要用of

7）一些固定句型

It takes sb. some time to do sth.

e.g. It will take you two days to get there on foot.

It costs sb. some money to do sth.

e.g. It costs 1,000 dollars to fly to America.

It is/was no use(useless) doing（做什么是没有用处的）

2 e.g. It’s no use arguing with him.

It is/was no good doing（做什么是没有好处的）

8）以下句型结构中需要用虚拟语气

① It is/was important(necessary, strange) that…; It is/was ordered(required, suggested, proposed) that…; It

is/was a pity(a shame) that…表示遗憾等感情的句子中，主语从句要用“should+动词原形”，should可以省略。

e.g. It’s necessary that he (should) be operated on at once.

② It is (high) time that…结构中用should+动词原形（should不能省略）或动词过去式。

e.g. It is high time that you should make(made) full use of your time to go over your lessons.

6、 it作形式宾语

7、 强调句中的it

It可以用来改变句子结构，使句子的某一成分得到强调

1）强调句的基本句型it is/was + 被强调成分 + that/who + 其他成分

e.g. 原句：I told Jim the news in our office yesterday.

强调主语：It was I that/who told Jim the news in our office yesterday.

强调宾语：It was Jim that I told the news in our office yesterday.(或It was the news that I told Jim in our office yesterday.)

强调地点状语：It was in our office that I told Jim the news yesterday.

强调时间状语：It was yesterday that I told Jim the news in our office.

2）强调句的一般疑问句型 Is/Was + it + 所强调部分 + that/who…?

e.g. Was it you that told Jim the news in your office yesterday?

3）强调句的特殊疑问句型 疑问词 + is/was + it + that/who…?

e.g. Who was it that told Jim the news in your office yesterday?

【注】强调句与主语从句虽然在形式上很相似，即都含有it is(was)…that。但，区别在于：强调句去掉it is(was)…that之后，句子结构仍然完整，而主语从句却不能这样。

e.g. (It is) our hope (that) the two sides will work towards peace.去掉It is…that之后，句子是不成立的。由此得出该句不是强调句，而是一个简单的主语从句，it是形式主语，从句是真正的主语。

1. — Who’s that speaking?

— .

A. I’m Mary B. This is Mary C. It’s me, Mary D. Both B and C

3 5. is a long way from here to that park.

A. It B. That C. This D. What

7. It was foolish you to give up what you rightly owned.

A. for B. of C. about D. from

8. After taking a very long rest, he found to get down to work.

A. difficult B. difficulty C. it difficult D. it difficulty

10. in a small temple Dr. Bethune saved the wounded soldier.

A. It was, which B. IT is, where C. It was ,that D. It is, that

12. Hemingway lived in Cuba that he wrote “ The old Man and the Sea”.

A. During the time B. When C. While D. It was when

13. — Who’s singing in the ball?

— .

A. She must be Helen B. He must be Helen

C. It can be Helen D. It must be Helen

15. Who was you met in the library?

A. that B. it that C. it D. that it

17. I have lost my dictionary. I’m going to buy .

A. it B. one C. that D. the one

20. It was last month I took part in the party.

A. that B. where C. when D. I

21. It John and Peter who helped me with my translation work the other day.

A. has been B. is C. was D. were

22. you were born?

A. Was it where that B. It was where that