短文改错四大错误类型总结

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短文改错四大错误类型总结

老师叮咛:李辉老师说,英语学习的陷阱之一,就是 “ 多做题 ” 。很多人一想到学英语就想到 “ 多做题 ” ,但是做了很久都没提分,原因何在?事实上,每道题目都背后都有其 “ 方法 ” 和 “ 考点 ” 。下面的短文改错常见错误考点类型 “ 很重要 ” !经过了全网首席高考英语名师李辉老师团队高度 认真地整理 校对,无错、可信!可供全国各省高中生打印、学习、背诵!

一、动词

① 时态错误(过去时 / 现在时)

eg:

1. Some people even had to wait outside.

解析: had 改为 have 。

2. I think I would be happy there .

解析: think 改为 thought 。

② 语态错误(主动 / 被动)

注意:先翻译句子,后观察该词在句中是主动 / 被动。

eg: Every day he makes sure that fresh vegetables or high quality oil are using forcooking.

每天,他都要确保新鲜蔬菜或高质量的油用于烹饪。

解析: using → used ,根据句意此处表示被动含义, be used for“ 被用来去做 ” 。

③ 主谓不一致

( 1 ) 前文所提的主语与后文所述的谓语不一致

eg: 1.The teacher were angry because we had the same answers in the tests. 解析: were → was , The teacher 是单数形式,谓语动词用单数形式。

2.The rest of the trees was cut down.

解析: was → were , rest 指的是可数名词的复数形式,谓语动词用复数形式。

( 2 ) 集体名词,谓语动词用复数。如: people, cattle, group, family,government, team, police 等。

eg:

The police is coming this way.

解析: is → are , The police 是集体名词,故 is → are 。

( 3 ) 就近原则

常见: neither...nor... / not only...but... / either...or... / not...but...

eg:

1.Not only his parents but also he are crazy about the foreign films.

解析:are → is,该处谓语最近的主语为he是第三人称单数,故 动词用第三人称单数形式。

2.Because of too much homework,neither you nor James go to the cinema to enjoythe fantastic movie named Ready Player One.

解析:go → goes,该处谓语最近的主语为James是第三人称单数,故 谓语用第三人称单数形式。

( 4 ) There be 句型

eg: There has a big library in our school.

解析: has → is ,某地有某物,表存在用 there be 句型,且后面跟的是 a biglibrary 单数。

( 5 ) 就远原则 常见: except / with / together with / along with / as well as / including eg: I as well as he is happy.

解析: is → am ,该处谓语最远的主语为 I 是第一人称,故谓语动词用第一人称 am 。

( 6 ) 缺少谓语动词(尤其缺 be 动词)

eg:

1.Secondly, I always practice pronunciation and reading and speaking.

解析:Practice →practise,practice的词性是名词,该句中没有与主语I相适应 的谓语动词形式故把 practice → practise(practise的词性是动词)则是 在句中添加了一个谓语动词。

2.She very beautiful.

解析:在 She 后加 is ,补齐主谓宾。

④ 非谓语错用

( 1 ) 谓语动词与非谓语动词区分不清

eg: There are thousands of examples tell us : if we want to succeed,we need acorrect direction.

解析:tell → telling,there be句型表示存在,是一个完整的句型结构,be动 词就是谓语动词,所以句中若出现了其他动词,可以采用非谓语动词形 式,因此动词 tell 不能直接使用原形,而且由于 examples 和 tell 之间是 主谓关系,所以要用 tell 的现在分词形式。

( 2 ) V-ing 和 V-ed 混用

eg: We were exciting to hear the news.

解析: exciting →excited , exciting 修饰物,而 excited 修饰人。

( 3 ) to 的多用、少用或误用

eg: 1.When I finally arrived at my friend’s he lent to me lots of clothes. 解析:删除to,由lend sb . sth.(借给某人某物)可知,不用to,但如 果将 sth. 放到前面,则用 to 。

2.This thing belongs me.

解析:在 belongs 后加 to ,表示属于。

3.He was tall,with board shoulders and a beard that turned form black towards grayover the years.

解析: towards → to , form ...towards...“ 从 ... 走向 ...” , form...to...“ 从 ... 到 ...” , 根据句意 towards → to 。

⑤ 虚拟语气误用

eg:Then he and my mother would have had a drink while she prepared dinner and they would talk about his day and hers.

解析:去掉had,句意:他和我妈妈会喝些东西。这里不是虚拟语气,不能用 wouldhave done ,用 would do 表示 “ 过去常常做 ” 。

二、名词

① 缺主 / 宾语,补名词 / 代词

eg: I wanted to reward the old woman for the trouble I had caused.But she refused.

解析:在 caused 后加 her ,缺少宾语。

②that/those (表示跟上文同类事物比较)

eg: My books are more diffi cult than of Jerry’s.

解析:在 than 后加 those ,缺少代词,代指 books 。

③ 反身代词

eg: Tom felt that he knew everybody’s business better than they knew it them. 解析: them → themselves ,主语是他们,宾语也是他们,宾语的他们用 themselves 。

④ 名词前加限定词(冠词,形容词性物主代词,指示代词) 如: a / an / the / my / your / his / her / their / this / that / there / these

eg:

1.An American and a Frenchman decided to cross the sea between France andEngland in the balloon in 1784.

解析: the → a ,此处指乘坐一个气球横过海洋,第一次提到用 a 。

2.I wanted to reward the old woman for the trouble I had caused hers.But sherefused. 解析: hers → her ,此处为宾语,后无名词,故选用形容词性物主代词。

⑤ 单复数形式

常见不可数名词:advice / information / fun / equipment / news / furniture / ba gg age / lu gg age / traffic / knowledge / homework / progress / work / paper / food /change / water / joy / hair

常见单复数同形名词: sheep / fish / Chinese / cattle / bison / deer / people /clothes

eg: As for most of us, we missed many chance to earn more money, to get a highposition and to realize our dreams.

解析: chance → chances , many 后用复数。

三、形容词 / 副词

① 修饰名词或作表语,用形容词。

eg:It was both excited and frightening to be up there !

解析: excited → exciting ,主语是形式主语 it ,真正的主语是 to be up there , 主语是物的时候,表语应该用现在分词形式的形容词。

② 提示词是形容词,常变副词。

eg:

1.He must be mental disabled. 解析: mental → mentally