2012年1月份MBA联考英语(二)真题及答案

Section 1 Use of EninglishDirections :Millions of Americans and foreigners see GI.Joe as a mindless war toy ,the symbol o f American military adventurism, but that‘s not how it used to be .To the men and wome n who 1 )in World War II and the people they liberated ,the GI.was the 2) man grown i nto hero ,the pool farm kid torn away from his home ,the guy who 3) all the burdens of battle ,who slept in cold foxholes,who went without the 4) of food and shelter ,who stuc k it out and drove back the Nazi reign of murder .this was not a volunteer soldier ,not s omeone well paid ,5) an average guy ,up 6 )the best trained ,best equipped ,fiercest ,most brutal enemies seen in centuries. His name is not much.GI. is just a military abbreviation 7) Government Issue ,and it was on all of the article 8) to soldiers .And Joe? A common name for a guy who never 9) it to the top .Joe Blow ,Joe Magrac …a working class name.The United States has 1 0) had a president or vicepresident or secretary of state Joe. GI .joe had a (11)career fighting German ,Japanese , and Korean troops . He appers as a character ,or a (12 ) of american personalities, in the 1945 movie The Story of GI. Joe, based on the last days of war correspondent Ernie Pyle. Some of the soldiers Pyle(13) portrayde themselves in the film. Pyle was famous for covering the (14)side of the warl, writing about the dirt-snow –and-mud soldiers, not how many miles were(15)or what town s were captured or liberated, His reports(16)the ―willieǁ cartoons of famed Stars and Strip es artist Bill Maulden. Both men(17)the dirt and exhaustion of war, the (18)of civilization that the soldiers shared with each other and the civilians: coffee, tobacco, whiskey, shelter, sleep. (19)Egypt, France, and a dozen more countries, G.I. Joe was any American soldi er,(20)the most important person in their lives. 1.[A] performed [B]served [C]rebelled [D]betrayed 2.[A] actual [B]common [C]special [D]normal 3.[A]bore [B]cased [C]removed [D]loaded 4.[A]necessities [B]facilitice [C]commodities [D]propertoes 5.[A]and [B]nor [C]but [D]hence 6.[A]for [B]into [C] form [D]against 7.[A]meaning [B]implying [C]symbolizing [D]claiming 8.[A]handed out [B]turn over [C]brought back [D]passed down 9.[A]pushed [B]got [C]made [D]managed 10.[A]ever [B]never [C]either [D]neither 11.[A]disguised [B]disturbed [C]disputed [D]distinguished 12.[A]company [B]collection [C]community [D]colony 13.[A]employed [B]appointed [C]interviewed [D]questioned 14.[A]ethical [B]military [C]political [D]human 15.[A]ruined [B]commuted [C]patrolled [D]gained 16.[A]paralleled [B]counteracted [C]duplicated [D]contradicted 17.[A]neglected [B]avoided [C]emphasized [D]admired 18.[A]stages [B]illusions [C]fragments [D]advancea 19.[A]With [B]To [C]Among [D]Beyond 20.[A]on the contrary [B] by this means [C]from the outset [D]at that point Section II Resdiong Comprehension Part ADirections:Read the following four texts. answer the question after each text by choosing A,B,C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1.(40 points) Text 1Homework has never been terribly popular with students and even many parents, but in recent years it has been particularly scorned. School districts across the country, most r ecently Los Angeles Unified, are revising their thinking on his educational ritual. Unfortun ately, L.A. Unified has produced an inflexible policy which mandates that with the excepti on of some advanced courses, homework may no longer count for more than 10% of a st udent‘s academic grade.This rule is meant to address the difficulty that students from impoverished or chaotic homes might have in completing their homework. But the policy is unclear and contradictory. Certainly, no homework should be assigned that students cannot do without expensiv e equipment. But if the district is essentially giving a pass to students who do not do the ir homework because of complicated family lives, it is going riskily close to the implicati on that standards need to be lowered for poor children. District administrators say that homework will still be a pat of schooling: teachers are allowed to assign as much of it as they want. But with homework counting for no more than 10% of their grades, students can easily skip half their homework and see vey little difference on their report cards. Some students might do well on state tests without com pleting their homework, but what about the students who performed well on the tests and did their homework? It is quite possible that the homework helped. Yet rather than empo wering teachers to find what works best for their students, the policy imposes a flat, acro ss-the-board rule. At the same time, the policy addresses none of the truly thorny questions about hom ework. If the district finds homework to be unimportant to its students‘ academic achieve ment, it should move to reduce or eliminate the assignments, not make them count for al most nothing. Conversely, if homework does nothing to ensure that the homework students are not assigning more than they are willing to review and correct. The homework rules should be put on hold while the school board, which is responsi ble for setting educational policy, looks into the matter and conducts public hearings. It is not too late for L.A. Unified to do homework right. 21.It is implied in paragraph 1 that nowadays homework_____. [A] is receiving more criticism [B]is no longer an educational ritual [C]is not required for advanced courses [D]is gaining more preferences 22.L.A.Unified has made the rule about homework mainly because poor students____ _. [A]tend to have moderate expectations for their education [B]have asked for a different educational standard [C]may have problems finishing their homework [D]have voiced their complaints about homework 23.According to Paragraph 3,one problem with the policy is that it may____. [A]discourage students from doing homework [B]result in students' indifference to their report cards [C]undermine the authority of state tests [D]restrict teachers' power in education 24. As mentioned in Paragraph 4, a key question unanswered about homework is whe ther______. [A] it should be eliminated [B]it counts much in schooling [C]it places extra burdens on teachers [D]it is important for grades 25.A suitable title for this text could be______. [A]Wrong Interpretation of an Educational Policy [B]A Welcomed Policy for Poor Students [C]Thorny Questions about Homework [D]A Faulty Approach to Homework Text2Pretty in pink: adult women do not rememer being so obsessed with the colour, yet i t is pervasive in our young girls‘ lives. Tt is not that pink is intrinsicall y bad, but it is s uch a tiny slice of the rainbow and, though it may celebrate girlhood in one way, it also repeatedly and firmly fuses girls‘ identity to appearance. Then it presents that connection, even among two-year-olds, between girls as not only innocent but as evidence of innocen ce. Looking around, I despaired at the singular lack of imagination about girls‘ lives and interests. Girls‘ attraction to pink may seem unavoidable, somehow encoded in their DNA, but according to Jo Paoletti, an associate professor of American Studies, it is not. Children w ere not colour-coded at all until the early 20th century: in the era before domestic washing machines all babies wore white as a practical matter, since the only way of getting clothes clean was to boil them. What‘s more, both boys and girls wore what were thought ofas gender-neutral dresses.When nursery colours were introduced, pink was actually consid ered the more masculine colour, a pastel version of red, which was associated with strengt h. Blue, with its intimations of the Virgin Mary, constancy and faithfulness, symbolised femininity. It was not until the mid-1980s, when amplifying age and sex differences becamea dominant children‘s marketing strategy, that pink fully came into its own, when it bega n to seem inherently attractive to girls, part of what defined them as female, at least for the first few critical years. I had not realised how profoundly marketing trends dictated our perception of what is natural to kins, including our core beliefs about their psychological development. Take the toddler. I assumed that phase was something experts developed after years of research into children‘s behaviour: wrong. Turns out, acdording to Daniel Cook, a historian of childhood consumerism, it was popularised as a marketing trick by clothing manufacrurers in the 1930s. Trade publications counselled department stores that, in order to increase sales, they sstepping stoneǁ between infant wear and older kids‘ clothes. Tt was hould create a ―third s tepping only after ―toddlerǁbecame a common shoppers‘ term that it evolved into a broadly accepted developmental stage. Splitting kids, or adults,into ever-tinier categories has proved a sure-fire way to boost profits. And one of the easiest ways to segment a market is to magnify gender differences –or invent them where they did not previously exist. 26.By saying "it is...the rainbow"(Line 3, Para.1),the author means pink______. [A]should not be the sole representation of girlhood [B]should not be associated with girls' innocence [C]cannot explain girls' lack of imagination [D]cannot influence girls' lives and interests 27.According to Paragraph 2, which of the following is true of colours? [A]Colours are encoded in girls' DNA. [B]Blue used to be regarded as the colour for girls. [C]Pink used to be a neutral colour in symbolising genders. [D]White is prefered by babies. 28.The author suggests that our perception of children's psychological development wa s much influenced by_____. [A]the marketing of products for children [B]the observation of children's nature [C]researches into children's behavior [D]studies of childhood consumption 29.We may learn from Paragraph 4 that department stores were advised to_____. [A]focus on infant wear and older kids' clothes [B]attach equal importance to different genders [C]classify consumers into smaller groups [D]create some common shoppers' terms 30.It can be concluded that girls' attraction to pink seems to be____. [A] clearly explained by their inborn tendency [B]fully understood by clothing manufacturers [C] mainly imposed by profit-driven businessmen [D]well interpreted by psychological experts Text3In2010.afederaljudgeshookAmerica'panieshadwonpatentsforis olatedDNAfordecades-by2005some20%ofhumangeneswereparented.ButinMarch2010ajudgeruledt hatgeneswereunpatentable.Executiveswereviolentlyagitated.TheBiotechnologyIndustryOrganisatio n(BIO),atradegroup,assuredmembersthatthiswasjusta―preliminarystepǁinalongerbattle.OnJuly29ththeywererelieved,atleasttemporarily.Afederalappealscourtoverturnedthepriordecis ion,rulingthatMyriadGeneticscouldindeedholbpatentstotwogenssthathelpforecastawoman'sriskofbr eastcancer.ThechiefexecutiveofMyriad,acompanyinUtah,saidtherulingwasablessingtofirmsandpati entsalike. Butascompaniescontinuetheirattemptsatpersonalisedmedicine,thecourtswillremainratherbusy.TheMyriadcaseitselfisprobablynotoverCriticsmakethreemainargumentsagainstgenepatents:ageneis aproductofnature,soitmaynotbepatented;genepatentssuppressinnovationratherthanrewardit;andpatents'monopoliesrestrictaccesstogenetictestssuchasMyriad'styearafederaltask-forceurgedreformforpatentsrelatedtogenetictests.InOctobertheDepartmentofJusticefiledabriefintheMyriadcas e,arguingthatanisolatedDNAmolecule―isnolessaproductofnature...thanarecot tonfibresthathavebeenseparatedfromcottonseeds.ǁDespitetheappealscourt'sdecision,bigquestionsremainunanswered.Forexample,itisunclearwhet herthesequencingofawholegenomeviolatesthepatentsofindividualgeneswithinit.Thecasemayyetreac htheSupremeCourt. AS the industry advances ,however,other suits may have an even greater p anies are unlikely to file many more patents for human DNA molecules-most are already patented or in the public domain .firms are now studying how genes intcract,looking for c orrelations that might be used to determine the causes of disease or predict a drug‘s effic acy,companies are eager to win patents for ‗connecting the dits‘,expaainshanssauer,alawyer for the BIO. Their success may be determined by a suit related to this issue, brought by the May o Clinic, which the Supreme Court will hear in its next term. The BIO rtcently held a co nvention which included seddions to coach lawyers on the shifting landscape for patents. Each meeting was packed. 31.itcanbe learned from paragraph I that the biotech companies would like----- A.their executives to be active B.judges to rule out gene patenting C.genes to be patcntablc D.the BIO to issue a warning 32.those who are against gene patents believe that---- A.genetic tests are not reliable B.only man-made products are patentable C.patents on genes depend much on innovatiaon D.courts should restrict access to gene tic tests 33.according to hanssauer ,companies are eager to win patents for---- A.establishing disease comelations B.discovering gene interactions C.drawing pictures of genes D.identifying human DNA meeting was packedǁ(line4,para6)the author means that ----- 34.By saying ―each m eeting A.thesupreme court was authoritative B.the BIO was a powerful organization C.gene patenting was a great concern wyers were keen to attend conventiongs 35.generally speaking ,the author‘s attitude toward gene patenting is---- A.critical B.supportive C.scornful D.objective Text 4The great recession may be over, but this era of high joblessness is probably beginni ng. Before it ends, it will likely change the life course and character of a generation of young adults. A nd ultimately, it is likely to reshape our politics,our culture, and the character of our soci ety for years. No one tries harder than the jobless to find silver linings in this national economic d isaster. Many said that unemployment, while extremely painful, had improved them in som e ways; they had become less materialistic and more financially prudent; they were more aware of the struggles of others. In limited respects, perhaps the recession will leave socie ty better off. At the very least, it has awoken us from our national fever dream of easy r iches and bigger houses, and put a necessary end to an era of reckless personal spending. But for the most part, these benefits seem thin, uncertain, and far off. In The Moral Consequences of Economic Growth, the economic historian Benjamin Friedman argues thatboth inside and outside the U.S. ,lengthy periods of economic stagnation or decline have almost always left society more mean-spirited and less inclusive, and have usually stopped or reversed the advance of rights and freedoms. Anti-immigrant sentiment typically increases, as does conflict between races and classes. Income inequality usually falls during a recession, but it has not shrunk in this one,. Indeed, this period of economic weakness may reinforce class divides, and decrease opport unities to cross them--- especially for young people. The research of Till V on Wachter, th e economist in Columbia University, suggests that not all people graduating into a recessi on see their life chances dimmed: those with degrees from elite universities catch up fairl y quickly to where they otherwise would have been if they had graduated in better times; it is the masses beneath them that are left behind. In the internet age, it is particularly easy to see the resentment that has always been hidden winthin American society. More difficult, in the moment , is discerning precisely h ow these lean times are affecting society‘s character. In many respects, the U.S. was more socially tolerant entering this resession than at any time in its history, and a variety of n ational polls on social conflict since then have shown mixed results. We will have to wait and see exactly how these hard times will reshape our social fabric. But they certainly it, and all the more so the longer they extend. find silver liningsǁ(Line 1,Para.2)the author suggest that the jobless 36.By saying ―to f ind try to___. [A]seek subsidies from the govemment [B]explore reasons for the unermployment [C]make profits from the troubled economy [D]look on the bright side of the recession 37.According to Paragraph 2,the recession has made people_____. [A]realize the national dream [B]struggle against each other [C]challenge their lifestyle [D]reconsider their lifestyle 38.Benjamin Friedman believe that economic recessions may_____. [A]impose a heavier burden on immigrants [B]bring out more evils of human nature [C]Promote the advance of rights and freedoms [D]ease conflicts between races and classes 39.The research of Till V on Wachther suggests that in recession graduates from elite universities tend to _____. [A]lag behind the others due to decreased opportunities [B]catch up quickly with experienced employees [C]see thei r life chances as dimmed as the others‘[D]recover more quickly than the others 40.The author thinks that the influence of hard times on society is____. [A]certain Part BDirections:Read the following text and answer the questions by finding information from the leftcolumn that corresponds to each of the marked details given in the right column. There are two extra choices in the right column. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEERT 1. (10 points) history, the history of what man has a ccomplished in this world, is at bott ―Universal h istory, om the History of the Great Men who have worked here,ǁ wrote the Victorian sage Tho mas Carlyle. Well, not any more it is not. Suddenly, Britain looks to have fallen out with its favourite historical form. This coul d be no more than a passing literary craze, but it also points to a broader truth about ho w we now approach the past: less concerned with learning from forefathers and more inte rested in feeling their pain. Today, we want empathy, not inspiration. From the earliest days of the Renaissance, the writing of history meant recounting theexemplary lives of great men. In 1337, Petrarch began work on his rambling writing De VirisIllustribus –On Famous Men, highlighting the virtus (or virtue) of classical heroes. Petrarch celebrated their greatness in conquering fortune and rising to the top. This was th e biographical tradition which Niccolo Machiavelli turned on its head. In The Prince, the championed cunning, ruthlessness, and boldness, rather than virtue, mercy and justice, as t he skills of successful leaders. Over time, the attributes of greatness shifted. The Romantics commemorated the leadi ng painters and authors of their day, stressing the uniqueness of the artist's personal experience rather than public glory. By contrast, the Victorian author Samual Smiles wrote Self -Help as a catalogue of the worthy lives of engineers , industrialists and explores . "The valuable examples which they furnish of the power of self-help, if patient purpose, resolut e working and steadfast integrity, issuing in the formulation of truly noble and many char acter, exhibit,"wroteSmiles."what it is in the power of each to accomplish for himself"His biographies of James Walt, Richard Arkwright and Josiah Wedgwood were held up as bea cons to guide the working man through his difficult life. This was all a bit bourgeois for Thomas Carlyle, who focused his biographies on the truly heroic lives of Martin Luther, Oliver Cromwell and Napoleon Bonaparte. These epo chal figures represented lives hard to imitate, but to be acknowledged as possessing higher authority than mere mortals. Communist Manifesto. For them, history did nothing, it possessed no immense wealth nor waged battles:―It i s is man, real, living man who does all that.ǁ And history should be the story of the masses and their record of struggle. As such, it needed to appreciate the economic realities, the social contexts and power relations in which each epoch stood. Fo make their own history, but they do not make it just as the y please; they do not r:―Men m ake make it under circumstances chosen by themselves, but under circumstances directly found, given and transmitted from the past.ǁThis was the tradition which revolutionized our appreciation of the past. In place of Thomas Carlyle, Britain nurtured Christopher Hill, EP Thompson and Eric Hobsbawm. His tory from below stood alongside biographies of great men. Whole new realms of understa nding —from gender to race to cultural studies —were opened up as scholars unpickedthe multiplicity of lost societies. And it transformed public history too: downstairs became just as fascinating as upstairs. [A] emphasized the virtue of classical heroes. 41. Petrarch [B] highlighted the public glory of the leading artists. 42. NiccoloMachiavellli [C] focused on epochal figures whose lives were hard to imitate. 43. Samuel Smiles [D] opened up new realms of understanding the great men in history. 44. Thomas Carlyle [E] held that history should be the story of the masses and their record of struggle. 45. Marx and Engels [F] dismissed virtue as unnecessary for successful leaders. [G] depicted the worthy lives of engineer industrialists and explorers Section III Translation46.Directions:Translate the following text from English into Chinese.Write your translation on ANS WER SHEET2.(15 points) When people in developing countries worry about migration,they are usually concerned at the prospect of ther best and brightest departure to Silicon Valley or to hospitals and universities in the developed world ,These are the kind of workers that countries like Bri tian ,Canada and Australia try to attract by using immigration rules that privilege college graduates . Lots of studies have found that well-educated people from developing countries are p articularly likely to emigrate .A big survey of Indian households in 2004 found that nearly 40%of emigrants had more than a high-school education,compared with around 3.3%of all Indians over the age of 25.This "brain drain "has long bothered policymakers in poor c ountries ,They fear that it hurts their economies ,depriving them of much-needed skilled w orkers who could have taught at their universities ,worked in their hospitals and come up with clever new products for their factories to make . Section IV Writing Part A 47.Directions Suppose you have found something wrong with the electronic dictionary that you bou ght from an onlin store the other day ,Write an email to the customer service center to 1)make a complaint and 2)demand a prompt solution You should write about 100words on ANSERE SHEET 2 Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter ,Use "zhangwei "instead . 48、write an essay based on the following table .In your writing you should 1)describe the table ,and 2)give your comments You should write at least 150 words(15points) 某公司员工工作满意度调查年龄-------满意度满意不清楚不满意小于等于40岁16.7% 50.0% 33．3% 41-50岁0.0% 36.0% 64.0% 大于50岁40.0 50.0% 10.0% 完形填空：1.B 2.B 3.A 4.A 5.C 6.B 7.C 8.A 9.D 10.B 11.D 12.B 13.C 14.D 15.B 16.A 17.C 18.B 19.B 20.D TEXT1：21. A 22.C 23.A 24.B 25.D TEXT2：26.A 27.B 28.A 29.C 30.C TEXT3：31.C 32.B 33.A 34.D 35.D TEXT4：36.D 37.D 38.B 39.D 40.A 新题型：41-45：AFGCE 小作文范文：Dear Sir or Madame, As one of the regular customers of your online store, I am writing this letter to exp ress my complaint against the flaws in your product—an electronic dictionary I bought in your shop the other day. The dictionary is supposed to be a favorable tool for my study. Unfortunately, I fou nd that there are several problems. To begin with, when I opened it, I detected that the a ppearance of it had been scratched. Secondly, I did not find the battery promised in the a dvertisement posted on the homepage of your shop, which makes me feel that you have n ot kept your promise. What is worse, some of the keys on the keyboard do not work. I strongly request that a satisfactory explanation be given and effective measures sho uld be taken to improve your service and the quality of your products. You can either se nd a new one to me or refund me my money in full. I am looking forward to your reply at your earliest convenience. Sincerely yours, Zhang Wei [B]positive [C]trivial [D]destructive 。

2012 年硕士研究生入学考试英语（二）Section I Use of EnglishDirections：Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered b l a c k and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 po i n t s)M illi on s of A m e r i c a n s and f o r e i gn e r s see GI. Joe as a m i nd l ess war toy, the s y m bo l of A m e r i c a n m ili t a ry a d v e n t u r i s m,but t h a t‟s not how it used to be. To the men and women who （1）in World War II and the p e op l e they li b e r a t e d,the GI. was the（2）man grown into hero ,the pool f a r m kid torn away from h i s home, the guy w ho（3）a ll the burdens of b a tt l e, who s l e p t in cold f o x ho l es,who went w i t hou t t h e（4）o f f ood and s h e l t e r,who stuck it out and drove back the N a z i r e i gn of murder. T h i s was not a v o l un t ee r s o l d i e r,not someone w e ll p a i d,（5）an average guy, up （6）the best tr a i n e d,best e qu i pp e d,f i e r c es t,most b r u t a l e n e m i es seen in c e n t u r i es.H i s name i s not much. GI. i s j u s t a m ili t a ry a bb r e v i a t i on（7）G o v e r n m e n t I ss u e,and it was on a ll of the a rt i c l e（8）to s o l d i e r s. And Joe? A common name for a guy who n e v e r（9）i t to the top. Joe Blow, Joe Magrac… a working c l ass name. The U n i t e d States h as（10）had a p r es i d e n t or v i c e-p r es i d e n t or secretary of state J o e.GI. Joe had a（11）career fighting German, Japanese, and Korean troops. He appears as a character ,or a （12）of A m e r i c a n p e r s on a li t i es, in the 1945 m o v i e The Story of GI. Joe, based on the l as t days of war correspondent E r n i e P y l e.Some of the s o l d i e r s P y l e（13）po rtr a y e d t h e m se l v es in the film. P y l e was f a m ou s for co v e r i ng t h e（14）s i d e of the war, writing about the d i rt-s no w -and-mud s o l d i e r s, not how many m il es were（15）or what towns were captured or li b e r a t e d.H i s reports（16）the “W illi e”cartoons of f a m e d Stars and S tr i p es a rt i s t Bill M a u l d e n.Both m e n（17）the dirt and e x h a u s t i on of war, t h e（18）o f c i v ili z a t i on that the s o l d i e r s shared with each other a nd the c i v ili a n s:co ff ee,tobacco, w h i s k e y,s h e l t e r,s l ee p.（19 ）Egypt, France, and a dozen m o r e（20）the most i m po rt a n t person in t h e i r li v es.coun tr i es,G. I. Joe was any A m e r i c a n s o l d i e r,1. [A] p e r f o r m e d2. [A] a c t u a l3. [A]bo r e4. [A]n e c ess i t i es [B]se rv e d[B]co mm on[B]c ase d[B]f a c ili t i es[C]r e b e ll e d[C]s p e c i a l[C]r e m o v e d[C]co mm od i t i es[D]b e tr a y e d[D]no r m a l[D]l o a d e d[D]p r op e rt i es真题5. [A]a nd6. [A]f o r7. [A]m ea n i ng8. [A]h a nd e d out9. [A]pu s h e d10. [A]e v e r11. [A]d i s gu i se d12. [A]co m p a n y13. [A]e m p l o y e d14. [A]e t h i c a l15. [A]r u i n e d16. [A]p a r a ll e l e d17. [A]n e g l e c t e d18. [A]s t a g es19. [A]W i t h20. [A]on the con tr a ry [B]nor[B]i n t o[B]i m p l y i ng[B]turn o v e r[B]got[B]n e v e r[B]d i s t u r b e d[B]co ll e c t i on[B]a ppo i n t e d[B]m ili t a ry[B]co mm u t e d[B]coun t e r a c t e d[B]a v o i d e d[B]ill u s i on s[B]T o[B] by t h i s m ea n s[C]but[C] form[C]s y m bo li z i ng[C]b r ough t b a c k[C]m a d e[C]e i t h e r[C]d i s pu t e d[C]community[C]i n t e rv i e w e d[C]po li t i c a l[C]p a tr o ll e d[C]dup li c a t e d[C]e m ph as i z e d[C]f r a g m e n t s[C]Among[C]from the ou t se t[D]h e nc e[D]a g a i n s t[D]c l a i m i ng[D]p asse d down[D]m a n a g e d[D]n e i t h e r[D]d i s t i ngu i s h e d[D]colony[D]qu es t i on e d[D]hu m a n[D]g a i n e d[D]con tr a d i c t e d[D]a d m i r e d[D]a d v a nc es[D]B e y ond[D]a t that pointSection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections: Read the following four texts. Answer the qu es t i on s a f t e r each text by choo s i ng A, B, C or D. M a rk your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (40po i n t s)Text 1Homework has never been t e rr i b l y popu l a r with students and even many parents, but in r e c e n t years it has been p a rt i cu l a r l y scorned. S choo l d i s tr i c t s across the country, most r e c e n t l y L o s A ng e l es U n i f i e d,are r e v i s i ng t h e i r thinking on h i s e duc a t i on a l r i t u a l.U n f o rt un a t e l y, L.A. U n i f i e d has produced an i n f l e x i b l e policy which mandates that with the e x c e p t i on of some a d v a nc e d courses, homework may no l ong e r count for more than 10% of a s t ud e n t‟s a c a d e m i c g r a d e.T h i s r u l e i s meant to address the difficulty that students from i m po v e r i s h e d or ch a o t i c homes might have in co m p l e t i ng t h e i r homework. But the policy i s unc l ea r and con tr a d i c t o ry.C e rt a i n l y, no homework s hou l d be ass i gn e d that students cannot do without e x p e n s i v e e qu i p m e n t. But if t h e d i s tr i c t i s esse n t i a ll y giving a pass to students who do not do t h e i r homework because of co m p li c a t e d f a m il y li v es, it i s going r i s k il y c l o se to the i m p li c a t i on that standards need to b e l o w e r e d for poor ch il d r e n.D i s tr i c t a d m i n i s tr a t o r s say that homework will s t ill be a pat of s choo li ng:teachers are a ll o w e d to ass i gn as much of it as they want. But with homework coun t i ng for no more than 10% of t h e i r grades, students can eas il y s k i p h a l f t h e i r homework and see very li tt l e d i ff e r e nc e on t h e i r r e po rt c a r d s.Some students might do w e ll on state tests without co m p l e t i ng t h e i r homework, but w h a t about the students who p e r f o r m e d w e ll on the tests and did t h e i r homework? It i s qu i t e po ss i b l e t h a t the homework h e l p e d. Y e t rather than e m po w e r i ng teachers to find what works best for t h e i r students, the po li c y i m po ses a f l a t,across-the-board r u l e.At the same t i m e,the policy addresses none of the truly thorny qu es t i on s about ho m e w o rk. If the d i s tr i c t f i nd s homework to be un i m po rt a n t to i t s s t ud e n t s‟a c a d e m i c a ch i e v e m e n t, it s hou l d move to reduce or e li m i n a t e the ass i gn m e n t s,not make them count for a l m o s t no t h i ng.C on v e r se l y, if homework does no t h i ng to ensure that the homework students are not ass i gn i ng more than t h e y are willing to r e v i e w and co rr e c t.The homework r u l es s hou l d be put on hold w h il e the s choo l board, which i s r es pon s i b l e for se tt i ng e duc a t i on a l po li c y,l oo k s into the matter and conducts pub li c h ea r i ng s. It i s not too l a t e for L.A. U n i f i e d to do homework right.21. It i s i m p li e d in paragraph 1 that nowadays ho m e w o rk[A] i s r e c e i v i ng more c r i t i c i s m[B] i s no l ong e r an e duc a t i on a l r i t u a l[C] i s not r e qu i r e d for advanced cou r ses[D] i s g a i n i ng more p r e f e r e nc es.22. L. A. U n i f i e d has made the r u l e about homework m a i n l y because poor students .[A] tend to have moderate e x p e c t a t i on s for t h e i r e duc a t i on[B] have asked for a d i ff e r e n t e duc a t i on a l s t a nd a r d[C] may have p r ob l e m s f i n i s h i ng t h e i r ho m e w o rk[D] have v o i c e d t h e i r co m p l a i n t s about ho m e w o rk23. A cco r d i ng to Paragraph 3, one p r ob l e m with the po li c y i s that it may .[A] d i s cou r a g e students from do i ng ho m e w o rk[B] r es u l t in students' i nd i ff e r e nc e to t h e i r report c a r d s[C] und e r m i n e the a u t ho r i ty of state t es t s[D] r es tr i c t teachers' power in e duc a t i on24. A s m e n t i on e d in Paragraph 4, a key qu es t i on unanswered about homework i s whether .[A] it s hou l d be e li m i n a t e d[C] it p l a c es extra burdens on t ea ch e r s [B] it counts much in s choo li ng [D] it i s i m po rt a n t for g r a d es25. A s u i t a b l e t i t l e for t h i s text cou l d be .[A] wrong I n t e r p r e t a t i on of an E duc a t i on a l P o li c y[B] a W e l co m e d P o li c y for Poor S t ud e n t s[C] thorny Q u es t i on s about H o m e w o rk[D] a F a u l ty Approach to H o m e w o rkText 2Pretty in pink: a du l t women do not remember b e i ng so obsessed with the colour, yet it i s p e rv as i v e in our young g i r l s‟li v es. It i s not that pink i s i n tr i n s i c a ll y bad, but it i s such a tiny s li c e of the r a i nbo w and, though it may c e l e b r a t e g i r l hood in one way, it a l s o r e p ea t e d l y and firmly f u ses g i r l s‟i d e n t i ty to appearance. Then it presents that conn e c t i on,even among tw o-y ea r-o l d s,b e tw ee n g i r l s as not only i nnoc e n t but as e v i d e nc e of i nnoc e nc e.L oo k i ng around, I d es p a i r e d at the s i ngu l a r l a c k of i m a g i n a t i on about g i r l s‟li v es and i n t e r es t s.G i r l s‟a ttr a c t i on to pink may seem un a v o i d a b l e,somehow encoded in t h e i r DNA, but a cco r d i ng to Jo P a o l e tt i,an ass oc i a t e p r o f ess o r of A m e r i c a n S t ud i es,it i s not. C h il d r e n were not co l ou r-cod e d at a ll until the ea r l y20th century: in the era b e f o r e do m es t i c w as h i ng m a ch i n es a ll b a b i es wore w h i t e as a p r a c t i c a l matter, s i nc e the only way of g e tt i ng c l o t h es c l ea n was to boil t h e m. W h a t‟s more, both boys and g i r l s wore what were thought of as g e nd e r-n e u tr a l dresses. W h e n nursery co l ou r s were i n tr oduc e d, pink was a c t u a ll y con s i d e r e d the more m as cu li n e co l ou r,a p as t e l v e r s i on of red, which was ass oc i a t e d with strength. B l u e, with i t s i n t i m a t i on s of the Virgin M a ry, constancy and f a i t h f u l n ess,s y m bo li z e d f e m i n i n i ty. It was not until the m i d-1980s,when a m p li f y i ng age and sex d i ff e r e nc es became a do m i n a n t ch il d r e n‟s m a rk e t i ng strategy, that pink fully came into i t s own, when it began to seem i nh e r e n t l y a ttr a c t i v e to g i r l s,part of what d e f i n e d them as f e m a l e,a t l eas t for the f i r s t f e w c r i t i c a l y ea r s.I had not r ea li z e d how p r o f ound l y m a rk e t i ng trends d i c t a t e d our p e r c e p t i on of what i s n a t u r a l to k i d s, including our core b e li e f s about t h e i r p s y cho l og i c a l d e v e l op m e n t.Take the t odd l e r.I assumed that phase was s o m e t h i ng experts d e v e l op e d a f t e r years of research into ch il d r e n‟s b e h a v i ou r:wrong. Turns out, a cco r d i ng to D a n i e l Cook, a h i s t o r i a n of ch il dhood con s u m e r i s m,i t was popu l a r i z e d as a m a rk e t i ng trick by c l o t h i ng m a nu f a c t u r e r s in the 1930s.Trade pub li c a t i on s coun se ll e d department stores that, in order to i nc r ease sa l es,they s hou l d create a “t h i r d s t e pp i ng s t on e”between i n f a n t wear and o l d e r k i d s‟c l o t h es. It was only a f t e r “t odd l e r”became a common s hopp e r s‟term that it e v o l v e d into a b r o a d l y accepted d e v e l op m e n t a l stage. S p li tt i ng k i d s, or a du l t s, into e v e r-t i n i e r c a t e go r i es has proved a s u r e-f i r e way to boost p r o f i t s. And one of the eas i es t ways to segment a market i s to m a gn i f y gender d i ff e r e nc es - or i n v e n t t h e m where they did not p r e v i ou s l y e x i s t.26. By sa y i ng "it i s…the r a i nbo w"(L i n e2-3, Para. 1), the author means pink .[A] s hou l d not be the s o l e r e p r ese n t a t i on of girlhood[B] s hou l d not be ass oc i a t e d with g i r l s'i nnoc e nc e[C] cannot e x p l a i n g i r l s'l a c k of i m a g i n a t i on[D] cannot i n f l u e nc e g i r l s'li v es and i n t e r es t s27. A cco r d i ng to Paragraph 2, w h i ch of the following i s true of co l ou r s？[A] C o l ou r s are encoded in g i r l s'DN A.[B] B l u e used to be regarded as the co l ou r for g i r l s.[C] P i n k used to be a n e u tr a l co l ou r in s y m bo li z i ng g e nd e r s.[D] W h i t e i s p r e f e rr e d by b a b i es.28. The author suggests that our p e r c e p t i on of ch il d r e n's p s y cho l og i c a l d e v e l op m e n tw as much i n f l u e nc e d by .[A] the m a rk e t i ng of products for ch il d r e n[B] the ob se rv a t i on of ch il d r e n's n a t u r e[C] researches into ch il d r e n's b e h a v i o r[D] s t ud i es of ch il dhood con s u m p t i on29. We may l ea r n from Paragraph 4 that department stores were a d v i se d to .[A] f ocu s on i n f a n t wear and o l d e r k i d s'c l o t h es[B] attach e qu a l i m po rt a nc e to d i ff e r e n t g e nd e r s[C] c l ass i f y consumers into s m a ll e r g r oup s[D] create some common shoppers' t e r m s30. It can be conc l ud e d that g i r l s'a ttr a c t i on to pink seems to be .[A] c l ea r l y e x p l a i n e d by t h e i r i nbo r n t e nd e nc y[B] fully understood by c l o t h i ng m a nu f a c t u r e r s[C] m a i n l y i m po se d by p r o f i t-d r i v e n bu s i n ess m e n[D] w e ll i n t e r p r e t e d by p s y cho l og i c a l e x p e rt sText 3In 2010, a f e d e r a l j udg e shook A m e r i c a's b i o t e ch i ndu s try to i t s core. C o m p a n i es had won patents for i s o l a t e d DNA for decades-by 2005 some 20% of human genes were parented. But in March 2010 a j udg e r u l e d that genes were unp a t e n t a b l e.E x e cu t i v es were v i o l e n t l y a g i t a t e d.T h e B i o t e chno l og y I ndu s try O r g a n i z a t i on(BIO), a trade group, assured members that t h i s was j u s t a “p r e li m i n a ry s t e p” in a l ong e r b a tt l e.On J u l y29th they were r e li e v e d,at l eas t t e m po r a r il y. A f e d e r a l a pp ea l s court overturned t h e prior d e c i s i on, ruling that M yr i a d G e n e t i c s could i nd ee d hold patents to two genes that h e l pf o r e c as t a woman's r i s k of breast cancer. The ch i e f e x e cu t i v e of M yr i a d,a company in Utah, sa i d the ruling was a b l ess i ng to f i r m s and p a t i e n t s a li k e.But as co m p a n i es con t i nu e t h e i r attempts at p e r s on a li z e d m e d i c i n e,the courts will r e m a i n rather busy. The M yr i a d case i t se l f i s p r ob a b l y not over C r i t i c s make three m a i n arguments a g a i n s t gene patents: a gene i s a product of nature, so it may not be patented; gene patents s upp r ess i nno v a t i on rather than reward it; and patents' m onopo li es r es tr i c t access to g e n e t i c tests such as M yr i a d's. A g r o w i ng number seem to agree. Last year a f e d e r a l t as k-f o r c e urged r e f o r m for p a t e n t s r e l a t e d to g e n e t i c tests. In October the Department of J u s t i c e f il e d a b r i e f in the M yr i a d c ase, a r gu i ng that an i s o l a t e d DNA m o l e cu l e“i s no l ess a product of nature…than are cotton f i b r es t h a t have been separated from cotton see d s.”D es p i t e the a pp ea l s court's d e c i s i on, big qu es t i on s r e m a i n unanswered. For e x a m p l e, it i s unc l ea r whether the se qu e nc i ng of a w ho l e genome v i o l a t es the patents of i nd i v i du a l genes within it. The case may yet reach the Supreme Court.A s the i ndu s try advances, however, other s u i t s may have an even greater i m p a c t.C o m p a n i es are un li k e l y to f il e many more patents for human DNA m o l e cu l es-m o s t are a l r ea d y patented or in the public do m a i n.F i r m s are now s t ud y i ng how genes i n t e r a c t, looking for co rr e l a t i on s that might be used to d e t e r m i n e the causes of d i sease or p r e d i c t a d r ug‟s e ff i c a c y,co m p a n i es are eager to win patents for …conn e c t i ng the do t s‟,e x p l a i n s Hans Sauer, a l a wy e r for the BIO.T h e i r success may be d e t e r m i n e d by a s u i t r e l a t e d to t h i s i ss u e,brought by the Mayo Clinic, which the Supreme Court will hear in i t s next term. The BIO r e c e n t l y h e l d a con v e n t i on whichi nc l ud e d sess i on s to coach l a wy e r s on the s h i f t i ng l a nd s c a p e for patents. Each m ee t i ng was p a c k e d.31.I t c a n b e l ea r n e d f r o m p a r a g r a ph I t h a t t h e b i o t e ch co m p a n i es w ou l d li k eA. t h e i r e x e cu t i v es to be a c t i v e C. genes to be p a t e n t a b l eB. j udg es to r u l e out gene p a t e n t i ng D. the BIO to i ss u e a w a r n i ng32.t ho se w ho a r e a g a i n s t g e n e p a t e n t s b e li e v e t h a tA. g e n e t i c tests are not r e li a b l eB. only man-made products are p a t e n t a b l eC. patents on genes depend much on i nno v a t i onD. courts s hou l d r es tr i c t access to gene tic t es t s33.A cco r d i ng t o H a n s S a u e r,co m p a n i es a r e ea g e r t o w i n p a t e n t s f o rA. es t a b li s h i ng d i sease co rr e l a t i on sB. d i s co v e r i ng gene i n t e r a c t i on sC. d r a w i ng p i c t u r es of g e n esD. i d e n t i f y i ng human DN A34．By sa y i ng“ea ch m ee t i ng w as p a c k e d”(li n e4,p a r a6)t h e a u t ho r m ea n s t h a tA. the supreme court was a u t ho r i t a t i v eB. the BIO was a po w e r f u l o r g a n i z a t i onC. gene p a t e n t i ng was a great conc e r nD. l a wy e r s were keen to attend con v e n t i on s35.g e n e r a ll y s p ea k i ng,t h e a u t ho r‟s a tt i t ud e t o w a r d g e n e p a t e n t i ng i sA. c r i t i c a lB. s uppo rt i v eC. s co r n f u lD. ob j e c t i v eText 4The great r e c ess i on may be over, but t h i s era of high j ob l ess n ess i s p r ob a b l y b e g i nn i ng.B e f o r e it ends, it will li k e l y change the li f e course and character of a g e n e r a t i on of young a du l t s. And u l t i m a t e l y, it i s li k e l y to reshape our po li t i c s, our cu l t u r e,and the character of our s oc i e ty for y ea r s.No one tr i es harder than the j ob l ess to find s il v e r li n i ng s in t h i s n a t i on a l e cono m i c d i sas t e r.Many sa i d that un e m p l o y m e n t,w h il e e xtr e m e l y p a i n f u l,had i m p r o v e d them in some w a y s; they had become l ess m a t e r i a li s t i c and more f i n a nc i a ll y prudent; they were more aware of t h e s tr ugg l es of others. In li m i t e d respects, perhaps the r e c ess i on will l ea v e s oc i e ty better off. At t h e very l eas t, it has awoken us from our n a t i on a l f e v e r dream of easy r i ch es and b i gg e r houses, a nd put a necessary end to an era of r e c k l ess p e r s on a l s p e nd i ng.But for the most part, these b e n e f i t s seem thin, unc e rt a i n,and f a r off. In The M o r a l Consequences of E cono m i c Growth, the e cono m i c h i s t o r i a n B e n j a m i n F r i e d m a n argues that both i n s i d e and ou t s i d e the U. S. , l e ng t h y p e r i od s of e cono m i c s t a gn a t i on or d e c li n e have a l m o s t a l w a y s l e f t s oc i e ty more m ea n-s p i r i t e d and l ess i nc l u s i v e,and have u s u a ll y stopped or reversed t h e advance of r i gh t s and f r ee do m s.A n t i-i mm i g r a n t se n t i m e n t ty p i c a ll y i nc r eases,as does conflict between races and c l asses.I nco m e i n e qu a li ty u s u a ll y f a ll s du r i ng a r e c ess i on, but it has not shrunk in t h i s one, I nd ee d, t h i s p e r i od of e cono m i c weakness may r e i n f o r c e c l ass d i v i d es,and decrease oppo rt un i t i es to c r o ss them--- es p e c i a ll y for young p e op l e.The research of Till Von Wachter, the e cono m i s t in C o l u m b i a U n i v e r s i ty,suggests that not a ll p e op l e g r a du a t i ng into a r e c ess i on see t h e i r li f e chances d i mm e d: those with degrees from e li t e un i v e r s i t i es catch up f a i r l y quickly to where they o t h e rw i se would have been if they had graduated in better t i m es; it i s the masses beneath them that are l e f t b e h i nd.In the i n t e r n e t age, it i s p a rt i cu l a r l y easy to see the resentment that has a l w a y s been h i dd e n within A m e r i c a n s oc i e ty.More difficult, in the moment, i s d i s c e r n i ng p r e c i se l y how these l ea n t i m es are a ff e c t i ng s oc i e ty‟s character. In many respects, the U.S. was more s oc i a ll y t o l e r a n t e n t e r i ng t h i s r e c ess i on than at any t i m e in i t s h i s t o ry,and a v a r i e ty of n a t i on a l po ll s on s oc i a l conflict s i nc e then have shown m i x e d r es u l t s.We will have to w a i t and see e x a c t l y how these h a r d t i m es will reshape our s oc i a l f a b r i c. But they c e rt a i n l y it, and a ll the more so the l ong e r t h e ye xt e nd.36. By sa y i ng“t o find s il v e r li n i ng s”（L i n e1,Para. 2）the author suggest that the j ob l ess tryto .[A] seek s ub s i d i es from the go v e r n m e n t[B] e x p l o r e reasons for the un e m p l o y m e n t[C] make p r o f i t s from the tr oub l e d e cono m y[D] look on the b r i gh t s i d e of the r e c ess i on37. A cco r d i ng to Paragraph 2,the r e c ess i on has made p e op l e.[A] r ea li z e the n a t i on a l d r ea m[B] s tr ugg l e a g a i n s t each o t h e r[C] ch a ll e ng e t h e i r li f es ty l e[D] r e con s i d e r t h e i r li f es ty l e38. B e n j a m i n F r i e d m a n b e li e v e that e cono m i c r e c ess i on s may_ .[A] i m po se a h ea v i e r burden on i mm i g r a n t s[B] b r i ng out more e v il s of human n a t u r e[C] promote the advance of r i gh t s and f r ee do m s[D] ease con f li c t s between races and c l asses39. The research of Till Von Wachther suggests that in r e c ess i ongraduates from e li t e un i v e r s i t i es tend to .[A] l a g b e h i nd the others due to decreased oppo rt un i t i es[B] catch up quickly with e x p e r i e nc e d e m p l o y ees[C] see t h e i r li f e chances as d i mm e d as the o t h e r s‟[D] recover more quickly than the o t h e r s40. The author t h i n k s that the i n f l u e nc e of hard t i m es on s oc i e ty i s .[A] c e rt a i n[B] po s i t i v e[C] tr i v i a l[D] d es tr uc t i v ePart BDirections: Read the following text and answer the qu es t i on s by finding i n f o r m a t i on from the right co l u m n that corresponds to each of the marked d e t a il s g i v e n in the l e f t co l u m n.There are two extra cho i c es in the right co l u m n.M a rk your answer on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 po i n t s)“U n i v e r sa l h i s t o ry,the h i s t o ry of what man has a cco m p li s h e d in t h i s world, i s at bottom t h e H i s t o ry of the Great Men who have worked h e r e,”wrote the V i c t o r i a n sage Thomas C a r l y l e.W e ll,not any more it i s not.S udd e n l y,Br i t a i n l oo k s to have f a ll e n out with i t s f a v ou r i t e h i s t o r i c a l form. T h i s cou l d be no more than a p ass i ng li t e r a ry craze, but it a l s o po i n t s to a broader truth about how we now a pp r o a ch the past: l ess concerned with l ea r n i ng from f o r e f a t h e r s and more i n t e r es t e d in f ee li ng t h e i r p a i n. Today, we want empathy, not i n s p i r a t i on.From the ea r li es t days of the R e n a i ssa nc e,the writing of h i s t o ry meant r e coun t i ng t h e e x e m p l a ry li v es of great men. In 1337, Petrarch began work on h i s r a m b li ng writing De V i r i s I ll u s tr i bu s―O n Famous Men, highlighting the v i rt u s (or v i rt u e) of c l ass i c a l heroes. P e tr a r ch c e l e b r a t e d t h e i r greatness in conqu e r i ng f o rt un e and r i s i ng to the top. T h i s was the b i og r a ph i c a l tr a d i t i on which Niccolo M a ch i a v e lli turned on i t s head. In The P r i nc e,the ch a m p i on e d cunning, r u t h l ess n ess,and bo l dn ess,rather than v i rt u e,mercy and j u s t i c e,as the s k ill s of s ucc ess f u l l ea d e r s.Over t i m e,the a ttr i bu t es of greatness s h i f t e d.The R o m a n t i c s commemorated the l ea d i ng p a i n t e r s and authors of t h e i r day, s tr ess i ng the un i qu e n ess of the a rt i s t's p e r s on a l e x p e r i e nc e r a t h e r than public glory. By contrast, the V i c t o r i a n author S a m u a l S m il es wrote S e l f-H e l p as a c a t a l ogu e of the worthy li v es of e ng i n ee r s,i ndu s tr i a li s t s and e x p l o r es."The v a l u a b l e e x a m p l es which t h e y f u r n i s h of the power of se l f-h e l p, if p a t i e n t purpose, r es o l u t e working and s t ea d f as t i n t e g r i ty, i ss u i ng in the f o r m u l a t i on of truly nob l e and many character, e x h i b i t,"wrote S m il es."What it i s in the power of each to a cco m p li s h for h i m se l f."H i s b i og r a ph i es of James W a l t,R i ch a r d Arkwright and J o s i a h Wedgwood were h e l d up as beacons to gu i d e the w o rk i ng man through h i s difficult li f e.T h i s was a ll a bit bou r g e o i s for Thomas C a r l y l e,who f ocu se d h i s b i og r a ph i es on the truly h e r o i c li v es of M a rt i n Luther, O li v e r C r o m w e ll and N a po l e on Bonaparte. These e poch a l f i gu r es represented li v es hard to i m i t a t e, but to be a c k no w l e dg e d as po ssess i ng h i gh e r a u t ho r i ty than m e r e m o rt a l s.Not everyone was con v i nc e d by such bombast. “T h e h i s t o ry of a ll h i t h e rt o e x i s t i ng s oc i e ty i s the h i s t o ry of c l ass s tr ugg l es,”wrote M a rx and E ng e l s in T h e C o m m u n i s t M a n i f e s t o. For them, h i s t o ry did no t h i ng, it possessed no i mm e n se w ea l t h nor waged b a tt l es:“It i s man, r ea l, living man who do es a ll t h a t.” And h i s t o ry s hou l d be the story of the masses and t h e i r record of s tr ugg l e.A s such, i t needed to a pp r e c i a t e the e cono m i c r ea li t i es,the s oc i a l contexts and power r e l a t i on s in which each epoch stood. For: “M e n make t h e i r own h i s t o ry, but they do not make it j u s t as they p l ease; they do not make it under c i r cu m s t a nc es chosen by t h e m se l v es,but under c i r cu m s t a nc es d i r e c t l y f ound,g i v e n and tr a n s m i tt e d from the past. ”T h i s was the tr a d i t i on which r e v o l u t i on i z e d our a pp r e c i a t i on of the past. In p l a c e of T ho m as C a r l y l e,Br i t a i n nurtured C h r i s t oph e r Hill, EP Thompson and Eric Hobsbawm. H i s t o ry from b e l o w stood a l ong s i d e b i og r a ph i es of great men. W ho l e new r ea l m s of und e r s t a nd i ng―from gender to race to cu l t u r a l s t ud i es- were opened up as s cho l a r s unp i c k e d the multiplicity of l o s t s oc i e t i es. And it tr a n s f o r m e d pub li c h i s t o ry too: do w n s t a i r s became j u s t as f as c i n a t i ng as up s t a i r s.[A] e m ph as i z e d the v i rt u e of c l ass i c a l h e r o es.。

2012考研英语二真题及答案解析(完整版)2012年考研英语(二)真题及答案(完整版)Directions :Millions of Americans and foreigners see GI.Joe as a mindless war toy ,the symbol of American military adventurism, but that’s not how it used to be .To the men and women who 1 )in World War II and the people they liberated ,the GI.was the 2) man grown into hero ,the pool farm kid torn away from his home ,the guy who 3) all the burdens of battle ,who slept in cold foxholes,who went without the 4) of food and shelter ,who stuck it out and drove back the Nazi reign of murder .this was not a volunteer soldier ,not someone well paid ,5) an average guy ,up 6 )the best trained ,best equipped ,fiercest ,most brutal enemies seen in centuries。

His name is not much.GI. is just a military abbreviation 7) Government Issue ,and it was on all of the article 8) to soldiers .And Joe? A common name for a guy who never 9) it to the top .Joe Blow ,Joe Magrac …a working class name.The United States has 10) had a president or vicepresident or secretary of state Joe。

2012年考研英语二真题及答案解析完整版2011年管理类联考综合能力初数部分真题一、问题求解：第1~15小题，每小题3分，共45分。

下列每题给出的A 、B 、C 、D 、E 五个选项中，只有一项是符合要求的。

请在答题卡上将所选项的字母涂黑。

1.已知船在静水中的速度为28km/h ，河水的流速为2km/h ，则此船在相距78km 的两地间往返一次所需时间是 （A ）5.9h （B ）5.6h （C ）5.4h （D ）4.4h （E ）4h3)E (54)D (34)C (35)B (4)A (abc ,0)4c 5(5b 33a c ,b ,a .22---==-+++-则满足若实数3.某年级60名学生中，有30人参加合唱团、45人参加运动队，其中参加合唱团而未参加运动队的有8人，则参加运动队而未参加合唱团的有（A ）15人 （B ）22人 （C ）23人 （D ）30人 （E ）37人33333R 93)E (R 31)D (R 34)C (R 938)B (R 38)A (R .4方体的体积是工的最大正加工成正方体，则能加的球体，拟用刨床将其现有一个半径为5.2007年，某市的全年研究与试验发展（R&D ）经费支出300亿元，比2006年增长20%，该市的GDP 为10000亿元，比2006年增长10%。

2006年，该市的R&D 经费支出占当年GDP 的（A ）1.75% （B ）2% （C ）2.5% （D ）2.75% （E ）3%61E 51D 41C 31B 21A 133145.6）（）（）（）（）（名学生的概率为个专业各有则该小组中人小组，机派出一个名财会专业的学生中随名经济专业和名管理专业，现从名）（名）（名）（名）（名）（年九月底的在校学生有名，则该校多招名，之后每年比上一年年招生生九月份入学。

该校毕业生七月份离校，新一所四年制大学每年的3200E 6200D 9000C 11600B 14000A 200720020002001.72717E 95D 94C 278B 91A 112.8）（）（）（）（）（球的概率为个红乙盒中至少有乙、丙三个盒子中，则个白球随机地放入甲、个红球与将22E 12D 41C 2B 21A DOA COD BOC AOB 1ABCD 1.9π--ππ-π）（）（）（）（）（则阴影部分的面积为均为半圆，，，，的正方形，弧是边长为，四边形如图种）（种种！）（种）种）（在一起的不同坐法有人都坐张连座票，则每一家的他们购买了同一排的口之家一起观看演出，个!9E )!3)(D ()3(3C )!3(B ()!3(A 933.104332的坐标为则点的切线平行于直线上的一点，该圆在点是圆设P ,02y x P 2y x P .1122=++=+)1,1)(E ()0,2)(D (2,0)(C ()1,1)(B ()1,1)(A (--=++=-+-+-c b a 8a c c b b a 12c ,b ,a .12，则数），且的三个不同的质数（素是小于设(A)10 (B)12 (C)14 (D)15 (E)1913.在年底的献爱心活动中，某单位共有100人参加捐款，经统计，捐款总额是19000元，个人捐款数额有100元、500元和2000元三种，该单位捐款500元的人数为 (A)13 (B)18 (C)25 (D)30 (E)2814.某施工队承担了开凿一条长为2400m 隧道的工程，在掘进了400m 后，由于改进了施工工艺，每天比原计划多掘进2m ，最后提前50天完成了施工任务，原计划施工工期是 (A)200天 (B)240天 (C)250天 (D)300天 (E)350天141)E (131)D (61)C (51)B (21)A (yx y x y x ,4xy ,9y x .153322=++++==+则已知二、条件充分性判断：第16-25小题，每小题3分，共30分。

2012年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语（二）试题真题试卷Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s)for each numbered blank and mark A,B,C or D on ANSWER SHEET1.(10 points)Millions of Americans and foreigners see GI.Joe as a mindless war toy ,the symbol of American military adventurism, but that’s not how it used to be .To the men and women who__1__in World War II and the people they liberated ,the GI.was the__2__ man grown into hero ,the pool farm kid torn away from his home ,the guy who __3__ all the burdens of battle ,who slept in cold foxholes,who went without the __4__of food and shelter ,who stuck it out and drove back the Nazi reign of murder .this was not a volunteer soldier ,not someone well paid__5__an average guy ,up__6__the best trained ,best equipped ,fiercest ,most brutal enemies seen in centuries.His name is not much.GI. is just a military abbreviation__7__Government Issue ,and it was on all of the article__8__to soldiers.And Joe? A common name for a guy who never__9__ it to the top .Joe Blow ,Joe Magrac …a working class name.The United States has__10__had a president or vicepresident or secretary of state Joe.GI .joe had a__11__career fighting German ,Japanese , and Korean troops . He appers as a character ,or a__12__of american personalities, in the 1945 movie The Story of GI. Joe, based on the last days of war correspondent Ernie Pyle. Some of the soldiers Pyle__13__ portrayed themselves in the film. Pyle was famous for covering the__14__side of the war I, writing about the dirt-snow–and-mud soldiers, not how many miles were__15__or what towns were captured or liberated, His reports__16__the “willie” cartoons of famed Stars and Stripes artist Bill Maulden. Both men__17__he dirt and exhaustion of war, the __18__of civilization that the soldiers shared with each other and the civilians: coffee, tobacco, whiskey, shelter, sleep.__19__Egypt, France, and a dozen more countries, G.I. Joe was any American soldier,__20__the most important person in their lives.1.[A] performed [B]served [C]rebelled [D]betrayed2.[A] actual [B]common [C]special [D]normal3.[A]bore [B]cased [C]removed [D]loaded4.[A]necessities [B]facilitice [C]commodities [D]propertoes5.[A]and [B]nor [C]but [D]hence6.[A]for [B]into [C] form [D]against7.[A]meaning [B]implying [C]symbolizing [D]claiming8.[A]handed out [B]turn over [C]brought back [D]passed down9.[A]pushed [B]got [C]made [D]managed10.[A]ever [B]never [C]either [D]neither11.[A]disguised [B]disturbed [C]disputed [D]distinguished12.[A]company [B]collection [C]community [D]colony13.[A]employed [B]appointed [C]interviewed [D]questioned14.[A]ethical [B]military [C]political [D]human15.[A]ruined [B]commuted [C]patrolled [D]gained16.[A]paralleled [B]counteracted [C]duplicated [D]contradicted17.[A]neglected [B]avoided [C]emphasized [D]admired18.[A]stages [B]illusions [C]fragments [D]advancea19.[A]With [B]To [C]Among [D]Beyond20.[A]on the contrary [B] by this means [C]from the outset [D]at that pointSection II Resdiong ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. answer the question after each text by choosing A,B,C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1.(40 points)Text 1Homework has never been terribly popular with students and even many parents, but in recent years it has been particularly scorned. School districts across the country, most recently Los Angeles Unified, are revising their thinking on his educational ritual. Unfortunately, L.A. Unified has produced an inflexible policy which mandates that with the exception of some advanced courses, homework may no longer count for more than 10% of a student’s academic grade.This rule is meant to address the difficulty that students from impoverished or chaotic homes might have in completing their homework. But the policy is unclear and contradictory. Certainly, no homework should be assigned that students cannot do without expensive equipment. But if the district is essentially giving a pass to students who do not do their homework because of complicated family lives, it is going riskily close to the implication that standards need to be lowered for poor children.District administrators say that homework will still be a pat of schooling: teachers are allowed to assign as much of it as they want. But with homework counting for no more than 10%of their grades, students can easily skip half their homework and see vey little difference on their report cards. Some students might do well on state tests without completing their homework, but what about the students who performed well on the tests and did their homework? It is quite possible that the homework helped. Yet rather than empowering teachers to find what works best for their students, the policy imposes a flat, across-the-board rule.At the same time, the policy addresses none of the truly thorny questions about homework. If the district finds hom ework to be unimportant to its students’ academic achievement, it should move to reduce or eliminate the assignments, not make them count for almost nothing. Conversely, if homework does nothing to ensure that the homework students are not assigning more than they are willing to review and correct.The homework rules should be put on hold while the school board, which is responsible for setting educational policy, looks into the matter and conducts public hearings. It is not too late for L.A. Unified to do homework right.21.It is implied in paragraph 1 that nowadays homework_____.[A] is receiving more criticism[B]is no longer an educational ritual[C]is not required for advanced courses[D]is gaining more preferences22.L.A.Unified has made the rule about homework mainly because poor students_____.[A]tend to have moderate expectations for their education[B]have asked for a different educational standard[C]may have problems finishing their homework[D]have voiced their complaints about homework23.According to Paragraph 3,one problem with the policy is that it may____.[A]discourage students from doing homework[B]result in students' indifference to their report cards[C]undermine the authority of state tests[D]restrict teachers' power in education24.As mentioned in Paragraph 4, a key question unanswered about homework is whether______.[A] it should be eliminated[B]it counts much in schooling[C]it places extra burdens on teachers[D]it is important for grades25.A suitable title for this text could be______.[A]Wrong Interpretation of an Educational Policy[B]A Welcomed Policy for Poor Students[C]Thorny Questions about Homework[D]A Faulty Approach to HomeworkText 2Pretty in pink: adult women do not rememer being so obsessed with the colour, yet it is pervasive in our young girls’ lives. It is not that pink is intrinsically bad, but it is such a tiny slice of the rainbow and, though it may celebrate girlhood in one way, it also repeatedly and firmly fuses girls’ identity to appearance. Then it presents that connection, even among two-year-olds, between girls as not only innocent but as evidence of innocence. Looking around, I despaired at the singular lack of imaginat ion about girls’ lives and interests.Girls’ attraction to pink may seem unavoidable, somehow encoded in their DNA, but according to Jo Paoletti, an associate professor of American Studies, it is not. Children were not colour-coded at all until the early 20th century: in the era before domestic washing machines all babies wore white as a practical matter, since the only way of getting clothes clean was to boil them. What’s more, both boys and girls wore what were thought of as gender-neutral dresses.When nursery colours were introduced, pink was actually considered the more masculine colour, a pastel version of red, which was associated with strength. Blue, with its intimations of the Virgin Mary, constancy and faithfulness, symbolised femininity. It was not until the mid-1980s, when amplifying age and sex differences became a dominant children’s marketing strategy, that pink fully came into its own, when it began to seem inherently attractive to girls, part of what defined them as female, at least for the first few critical years.I had not realised how profoundly marketing trends dictated our perception of what is natural to kins, including our core beliefs about their psychological development. Take the toddler. I assumed that phase was something experts de veloped after years of research into children’s behaviour: wrong. Turns out, acdording to Daniel Cook, a historian of childhood consumerism, it was popularised as a marketing trick by clothing manufacrurers in the 1930s.Trade publications counselled department stores that, in order to increase sales, they should create a “third stepping stone” between infant wear and older kids’ clothes. It was only after “toddler”became a common shoppers’ term that it evolved into a broadly accepted developmental stage. Splitting kids, or adults,into ever-tinier categories has proved a sure-fire way to boost profits. And one of the easiest ways to segment a market is to magnify gender differences – or invent them where they did not previously exist.26.By saying "it is...the rainbow"(Line 3, Para.1),the author means pink______.[A]should not be the sole representation of girlhood[B]should not be associated with girls' innocence[C]cannot explain girls' lack of imagination[D]cannot influence girls' lives and interests27.According to Paragraph 2, which of the following is true of colours？[A]Colours are encoded in girls' DNA.[B]Blue used to be regarded as the colour for girls.[C]Pink used to be a neutral colour in symbolising genders.[D]White is prefered by babies.28.The author suggests that our perception of children's psychological development was much influenced by_____.[A]the marketing of products for children[B]the observation of children's nature[C]researches into children's behavior[D]studies of childhood consumption29.We may learn from Paragraph 4 that department stores were advised to_____.[A]focus on infant wear and older kids' clothes[B]attach equal importance to different genders[C]classify consumers into smaller groups[D]create some common shoppers' terms30.It can be concluded that girls' attraction to pink seems to be____.[A] clearly explained by their inborn tendency[B]fully understood by clothing manufacturers[C] mainly imposed by profit-driven businessmen[D]well interpreted by psychological expertsText 3In 2010. a federal judge shook America's biotech industry to its core. Companies had won patents for isolated DNA for decades-by 2005 some 20% of human genes were parented. But in March 2010 a judge ruled that genes were unpatentable. Executives were violently agitated. The Biotechnology Industry Organisation (BIO)，a trade group，assured members that this was just a “preliminary step” in a longer battle.On July 29th they were relieved，at least temporarily. A federal appeals court overturned the prior decision，ruling that Myriad Genetics could indeed holb patents to two genss that help forecast a woman's risk of breast cancer. The chief executive of Myriad，a company in Utah，said the ruling was a blessing to firms and patients alike.But as companies continue their attempts at personalised medicine，the courts will remain rather busy. The Myriad case itself is probably not over Critics make three main arguments against gene patents：a gene is a product of nature，so it may not be patented；gene patents suppress innovation rather than reward it；and patents' monopolies restrict access to genetic tests such asMyriad's. A growing number seem to st year a federal task-force urged reform for patents related to genetic tests. In October the Department of Justice filed a brief in the Myriad case，arguing that an isolated DNA molecule “is no less a product of nature... than are cotton fibres that have been separated from cotton seeds. ”Despite the appeals court's decision，big questions remain unanswered. For example，it is unclear whether the sequencing of a whole genome violates the patents of indivi dual genes within it. The case may yet reach the Supreme Court.As the industry advances ,however,other suits may have an even greater panies are unlikely to file many more patents for human DNA molecules-most are already patented or in the public domain .firms are now studying how genes intcract,looking for correlations that might be used to determine the causes of disease or predict a drug’s e fficacy,companies are eager to win patents for ‘connecting the dits’,expaains hans sauer,alawyer for the BIO.Their success may be determined by a suit related to this issue, brought by the Mayo Clinic, which the Supreme Court will hear in its next term. The BIO rtcently held a convention which included seddions to coach lawyers on the shifting landscape for patents. Each meeting was packed.31.it canbe learned from paragraph I that the biotech companies would like-----[A].their executives to be active[B].judges to rule out gene patenting[C].genes to be patcntablc[D].the BIO to issue a warning32.those who are against gene patents believe that----[A].genetic tests are not reliable[B].only man-made products are patentable[C].patents on genes depend much on innovatiaon[D].courts should restrict access to gene tic tests33.according to hans sauer ,companies are eager to win patents for----[A].establishing disease comelations[B].discovering gene interactions[C].drawing pictures of genes[D].identifying human DNA34．By saying “each meeting was packed”(line4,para6)the author means that -----[A].the supreme court was authoritative[B].the BIO was a powerful organization[C].gene patenting was a great concern[D].lawyers were keen to attend conventiongs35.generally speaking ,the author’s attitude toward gene patenting is----[A].critical[B].supportive[C].scornful[D].objectiveText 4The great recession may be over, but this era of high joblessness is probably beginning. Before it ends,it will likely change the life course and character of a generation of young adults. And ultimately, it is likely to reshape our politics,our culture, and the character of our society for years.No one tries harder than the jobless to find silver linings in this national economic disaster. Many said that unemployment, while extremely painful, had improved them in some ways; they had become less materialistic and more financially prudent; they were more aware of the struggles of others. In limited respects, perhaps the recession will leave society better off. At the very least, it has awoken us from our national fever dream of easy riches and bigger houses, and put a necessary end to an era of reckless personal spending.But for the most part, these benefits seem thin, uncertain, and far off. In The Moral Consequences of Economic Growth, the economic historian Benjamin Friedman argues that both inside and outside the U.S. ,lengthy periods of economic stagnation or decline have almost always left society more mean-spirited and less inclusive, and have usually stopped or reversed the advance of rights and freedoms. Anti-immigrant sentiment typically increases, as does conflict between races and classes.Income inequality usually falls during a recession, but it has not shrunk in this one,. Indeed, this period of economic weakness may reinforce class divides, and decrease opportunities to cross them--- especially for young people. The research of Till V on Wachter, the economist in Columbia University, suggests that not all people graduating into a recession see their life chances dimmed: those with degrees from elite universities catch up fairly quickly to where they otherwise would have been if they had graduated in better times; it is the masses beneath them that are left behind.In the internet age, it is particularly easy to see the resentment that has always been hidden winthin American society. More difficult, in the moment , is discerning precisely how these lean times are affecting society’s character. In many res pects, the U.S. was more socially tolerant entering this resession than at any time in its history, and a variety of national polls on social conflict since then have shown mixed results. We will have to wait and see exactly how these hard times will reshape our social fabric. But they certainly it, and all the more so the longer they extend.36.By saying “to find silver linings”（Line 1,Para.2）the author suggest that the jobless tryto___.[A]seek subsidies from the govemment[B]explore reasons for the unermployment[C]make profits from the troubled economy[D]look on the bright side of the recession37.According to Paragraph 2,the recession has made people_____.[A]realize the national dream[B]struggle against each other[C]challenge their lifestyle[D]reconsider their lifestyle38.Benjamin Friedman believe that economic recessions may_____.[A]impose a heavier burden on immigrants[B]bring out more evils of human nature[C]Promote the advance of rights and freedoms[D]ease conflicts between races and classes39.The research of Till V on Wachther suggests that in recession graduates from elite universities tend to _____.[A]lag behind the others due to decreased opportunities[B]catch up quickly with experienced employees[C]see their life chances as dimme d as the others’[D]recover more quickly than the others40.The author thinks that the influence of hard times on society is____.[A]certain[B]positive[C]trivial[D]destructivePart BDirections:Read the following text and answer the questions by finding information from the left column that corresponds to each of the marked details given in the right column. There are two extra choices in the right column. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEERT 1.(10 points) “Universal history, the history of what man has a ccomplished in this world, is at bottom the History of the Great Men who have worked here,” wrote the Victorian sage Thomas Carlyle. Well, not any more it is not.Suddenly, Britain looks to have fallen out with its favourite historical form. This could be no more than a passing literary craze, but it also points to a broader truth about how we now approachthe past: less concerned with learning from forefathers and more interested in feeling their pain. Today, we want empathy, not inspiration.From the earliest days of the Renaissance, the writing of history meant recounting the exemplary lives of great men. In 1337, Petrarch began work on his rambling writing De Viris Illustribus –On Famous Men, highlighting the virtus (or virtue) of classical heroes. Petrarch celebrated their greatness in conquering fortune and rising to the top. This was the biographical tradition which Niccolo Machiavelli turned on its head. In The Prince, the championed cunning, ruthlessness, and boldness, rather than virtue, mercy and justice, as the skills of successful leaders.Over time, the attributes of greatness shifted. The Romantics commemorated the leading painters and authors of their day, stressing the uniqueness of the artist's personal experience rather than public glory. By contrast, the Victorian author Samual Smiles wrote Self-Help as a catalogue of the worthy lives of engineers , industrialists and explores . "The valuable examples which they furnish of the power of self-help, if patient purpose, resolute working and steadfast integrity, issuing in the formulation of truly noble and many character, exhibit,"wrote Smiles."what it is in the power of each to accomplish for himself"His biographies of James Walt, Richard Arkwright and Josiah Wedgwood were held up as beacons to guide the working man through his difficult life.This was all a bit bourgeois for Thomas Carlyle, who focused his biographies on the truly heroic lives of Martin Luther, Oliver Cromwell and Napoleon Bonaparte. These epochal figures represented lives hard to imitate, but to be acknowledged as possessing higher authority than mere mortals.Not everyone was convinced by such bombast. “The history of all hitherto existing society is the hist ory of class struggles,” wrote Marx and Engel in The Communist Manifesto. For them, history did nothing, it possessed no immense wealth nor waged battles:“It is man, real, living man who does all that.” And history should be the story of the masses and the ir record of struggle. As such, it needed to appreciate the economic realities, the social contexts and power relations in which each epoch stood. For:“Men make their own history, but they do not make it just as they please; they do not make it under circumstances chosen by themselves, but under circumstances directly found, given and transmitted from the past.”This was the tradition which revolutionized our appreciation of the past. In place of Thomas Carlyle, Britain nurtured Christopher Hill, EP Thompson and Eric Hobsbawm. History from below stood alongside biographies of great men. Whole new realms of understanding — from gender to race to cultural studies — were opened up as scholars unpicked the multiplicity of lost societies. And it transformed public history too: downstairs became just as fascinating as upstairs.Section III Translation46.Directions:Translate the following text from English into Chinese.Write your translation on ANSWER SHEET2.(15 points)When people in developing countries worry about migration,they are usually concerned at the prospect of ther best and brightest departure to Silicon V alley or to hospitals and universities in the developed world ,These are the kind of workers that countries like Britian,Canada and Australia try to attract by using immigration rules that privilege college graduates .Lots of studies have found that well-educated people from developing countries are particularly likely to emigrate .A big survey of Indian households in 2004 found that nearly 40%of emigrants had more than a high-school education,compared with around 3.3% of all Indians over the age of 25.This"brain drain"has long bothered policymakers in poor countries ,They fear that it hurts their economies,depriving them of much-needed skilled workers who could have taught at their univer-sities,worked in their hospitals and come up with clever new products for their factories to make .Section IV WritingPart A47.DirectionsSuppose you have found something wrong with the electronic dictionary that you bought from an online store the other day ,Write an email to the customer service center to1)make a complaint and2)demand a prompt solutionYou should write about 100 words on ANSERE SHEET 2Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter ,Use "zhang wei "instead . Part B48.Directions:write an essay based on the following table .In your writing you should1)describe the table ,and2)give your commentsYou should write at least 150 words.(15points)某公司员工工作满意度调查答案解析1．【答案】B【解析】从空后的句子“他们解放的人们”可以看出，空前的句子表示的应该是参加了第二次大战的男人和女人。

2012年考研英语(二)真题及答案(完整版) Directions :Millions of Americans and foreigners see GI.Joe as a mindless war toy ,the symbol of American military adventurism, but that’s not how it used to be .To the men and women who 1 )in World War II and the people they liberated ,the GI.was the 2) man grown into hero ,the pool farm kid torn away from his home ,the guy who 3) all the burdens of battle ,who slept in cold foxholes,who went without the 4) of food and shelter ,who stuck it out and drove back the Nazi reign of murder .this was not a volunteer soldier ,not someone well paid ,5) an average guy ,up 6 )the best trained ,best equipped ,fiercest ,most brutal enemies seen in centuries。

His name is not much.GI. is just a military abbreviation 7) Government Issue ,and it was on all of the article 8) to soldiers .And Joe? A common name for a guy who never 9) it to the top .Joe Blow ,Joe Magrac …a working class name.The United States has 10) had a president or vicepresident or secretary of state Joe。

2012考研英语二真题及参考答案(完整版)来源：海天考研发布时间：2012-01-07 [新浪官方微博]大家在关注：·【首发】2014考研真题及答案解析：政治英语数学专业课2012考研真题解析专题政治真题答案英语真题答案数学真题答案专业课真题答案Directions :Millions of Americans and foreigners see GI.Joe as a mindless war toy ,the symbol of American military adventurism, but that‘s not how it used to be .To the men and women who 1 )in World War II and the people they liberated ,the GI.was the 2) man grown into hero ,the pool farm kid torn away from his home ,the guy who 3) all the burdens of battle ,who slept in cold foxholes,who went without the 4) of food and shelter ,who stuck it out and drove back the Nazi reign of murder .this was not a volunteer soldier ,not someone well paid ,5) an average guy ,up6 )the best trained ,best equipped ,fiercest ,most brutal enemies seen in centuries.His name is not much.GI. is just a military abbreviation 7) Government Issue ,and it was on all of the article 8) to soldiers .And Joe? A common name for a guy who never 9) it to the top .Joe Blow ,Joe Magrac …a working class name.The United States has 10) had a president or vicepresident or secretary of state Joe.GI .joe had a (11)career fighting German ,Japanese , and Korean troops . He appers as a character ,or a (12 ) of american personalities, in the 1945 movie The Story of GI. Joe, based on the last days of war correspondent Ernie Pyle. Some of the soldiers Pyle(13)portrayde themselves in the film. Pyle was famous for covering the (14)side of the warl, writing about the dirt-snow–and-mud soldiers, not how many miles were(15)or what towns were captured or liberated, His reports(16)the ―willie‖ cartoons of famed Stars and Stripes artist Bill Maulden. Both men(17)the dirt and exhaustion of war, the (18)of civilization that the soldiers shared with each other and the civilians: coffee, tobacco, whiskey, shelter, sleep. (19)Egypt, France, and a dozen more countries, G.I. Joe was any American soldier,(20)the most important person in their lives.1.[A] performed [B]served [C]rebelled [D]betrayed2.[A] actual [B]common [C]special [D]normal3.[A]bore [B]cased [C]removed [D]loaded4.[A]necessities [B]facilitice [C]commodities [D]propertoes5.[A]and [B]nor [C]but [D]hence6.[A]for [B]into [C] form [D]against7.[A]meaning [B]implying [C]symbolizing [D]claiming8.[A]handed out [B]turn over [C]brought back [D]passed down9.[A]pushed [B]got [C]made [D]managed10.[A]ever [B]never [C]either [D]neither11.[A]disguised [B]disturbed [C]disputed [D]distinguished12.[A]company [B]collection [C]community [D]colony13.[A]employed [B]appointed [C]interviewed [D]questioned14.[A]ethical [B]military [C]political [D]human15.[A]ruined [B]commuted [C]patrolled [D]gained16.[A]paralleled [B]counteracted [C]duplicated [D]contradicted17.[A]neglected [B]avoided [C]emphasized [D]admired18.[A]stages [B]illusions [C]fragments [D]advancea19.[A]With [B]To [C]Among [D]Beyond20.[A]on the contrary [B] by this means [C]from the outset [D]at that point Section II Resdiong ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. answer the question after each text by choosing A,B,C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1.(40 points)Text 1Homework has never been terribly popular with students and even many parents, but in recent years it has been particularly scorned. School districts across the country, most recently Los Angeles Unified, are revising their thinking on his educational ritual. Unfortunately, L.A. Unified has produced an inflexible policy which mandates that with the exception of some advanced courses, homework may no longer count for more than 10% of a student‘s academic grade.This rule is meant to address the difficulty that students from impoverished or chaotic homes might have in completing their homework. But the policy is unclear and contradictory. Certainly, no homework should be assigned that students cannot do without expensive equipment. But if the district is essentially giving a pass to students who do not do their homework because of complicated family lives, it is going riskily close to the implication that standards need to be lowered for poor children.District administrators say that homework will still be a pat of schooling: teachers are allowed to assign as much of it as they want. But with homework counting for no more than 10% of their grades, students can easily skip half their homework and see vey little difference on their report cards. Some students might do well on state tests without completing their homework, but what about the students who performed well on the tests and did their homework? It is quite possible that the homework helped. Yet rather than empowering teachers to find what works best for their students, the policy imposes a flat, across-the-board rule.At the same time, the policy addresses none of the truly thorny questions about homework. If the district finds homework to be unimportan t to its students‘ academic achievement, it should move to reduce or eliminate the assignments, not make them count for almost nothing. Conversely, if homework does nothing to ensure that the homework students are not assigning more than they are willing to review and correct.The homework rules should be put on hold while the school board, which is responsible for setting educational policy, looks into the matter and conducts public hearings. It is not too late for L.A. Unified to do homework right.21.It is implied in paragraph 1 that nowadays homework_____.[A] is receiving more criticism[B]is no longer an educational ritual[C]is not required for advanced courses[D]is gaining more preferences22.L.A.Unified has made the rule about homework mainly because poor students_____.[A]tend to have moderate expectations for their education[B]have asked for a different educational standard[C]may have problems finishing their homework[D]have voiced their complaints about homework23.According to Paragraph 3,one problem with the policy is that it may____.[A]discourage students from doing homework[B]result in students' indifference to their report cards[C]undermine the authority of state tests[D]restrict teachers' power in education24. As mentioned in Paragraph 4, a key question unanswered about homework is whether______.[A] it should be eliminated[B]it counts much in schooling[C]it places extra burdens on teachers[D]it is important for grades25.A suitable title for this text could be______.[A]Wrong Interpretation of an Educational Policy[B]A Welcomed Policy for Poor Students[C]Thorny Questions about Homework[D]A Faulty Approach to HomeworkText2Pretty in pink: adult women do not rememer being so obsessed with the colour, yet it is pervasive in our young girls‘ lives. Tt is not that pink is intrinsically bad, but it is such a tiny slice of the rainbow and, though it may celebrate girlhood in one way, it also repeatedly and firmly fuses girls‘ identity to appearance. Then i t presents that connection, even among two-year-olds, between girls as not only innocent but as evidence of innocence. Looking around, I despaired at the singular lack of imagination about girls‘ lives and interests.Girls‘ attraction to pink may seem unavoidable, somehow encoded in their DNA, but according to Jo Paoletti, an associate professor of American Studies, it is not. Children were not colour-coded at all until the early 20th century: in the era before domestic washing machines all babies wore white as a practical matter, since the only way of getting clothes clean was to boil them. What‘s more, both boys and girls wore what were thought of as gender-neutraldresses.When nursery colours were introduced, pink was actually considered the more masculine colour, a pastel version of red, which was associated with strength. Blue, with its intimations of the Virgin Mary, constancy and faithfulness, symbolised femininity. It was not until themid-1980s, when amplifyin g age and sex differences became a dominant children‘s marketing strategy, that pink fully came into its own, when it began to seem inherently attractive to girls, part of what defined them as female, at least for the first few critical years.I had not realised how profoundly marketing trends dictated our perception of what is natural to kins, including our core beliefs about their psychological development. Take the toddler. I assumed that phase was something experts developed after years of research in to children‘s behaviour: wrong. Turns out, acdording to Daniel Cook, a historian of childhood consumerism, it was popularised as a marketing trick by clothing manufacrurers in the 1930s.Trade publications counselled department stores that, in order to increase sales, they should create a ―third stepping stone‖ between infant wear and older kids‘ clothes. Tt was only after―toddler‖became a common shoppers‘ term that it evolved into a br oadly accepted developmentalstage. Splitting kids, or adults,into ever-tinier categories has proved a sure-fire way to boost profits. And one of the easiest ways to segment a market is to magnify gender differences – or invent them where they did not previously exist.26.By saying "it is...the rainbow"(Line 3, Para.1),the author means pink______.[A]should not be the sole representation of girlhood[B]should not be associated with girls' innocence[C]cannot explain girls' lack of imagination[D]cannot influence girls' lives and interests27.According to Paragraph 2, which of the following is true of colours?[A]Colours are encoded in girls' DNA.[B]Blue used to be regarded as the colour for girls.[C]Pink used to be a neutral colour in symbolising genders.[D]White is prefered by babies.28.The author suggests that our perception of children's psychological development was much influenced by_____.[A]the marketing of products for children[B]the observation of children's nature[C]researches into children's behavior[D]studies of childhood consumption29.We may learn from Paragraph 4 that department stores were advised to_____.[A]focus on infant wear and older kids' clothes[B]attach equal importance to different genders[C]classify consumers into smaller groups[D]create some common shoppers' terms30.It can be concluded that girls' attraction to pink seems to be____.[A] clearly explained by their inborn tendency[B]fully understood by clothing manufacturers[C] mainly imposed by profit-driven businessmen[D]well interpreted by psychological expertsText 3In 2010. a federal judge shook America's biotech industry to its core. Companies had won patents for isolated DNA for decades-by 2005 some 20% of human genes were parented. But in March 2010 a judge ruled that genes were unpatentable. Executives were violently agitated. The Biotechnology Industry Organisation (BIO), a trade group, assured members that this was just a ―preliminary step‖ in a longer battle.On July 29th they were relieved, at least temporarily. A federal appeals court overturned the prior decision, ruling that Myriad Genetics could indeed holb patents to two genss that help forecast a woman's risk of breast cancer. The chief executive of Myriad, a company in Utah,said the ruling was a blessing to firms and patients alike.But as companies continue their attempts at personalised medicine, the courts will remain rather busy. The Myriad case itself is probably not over Critics make three main arguments against gene patents: a gene is a product of nature, so it may not be patented; gene patents suppress innovation rather than reward it; and patents' monopolies restrict access to genetic tests such as Myriad's. A growing number seem to st year a federal task-force urged reform for patents related to genetic tests. In October the Department of Justice filed a brief in the Myriad case, arguing that an isolated DNA molecule ―is no less a product of nature... than are cotton fibres that have been separated from cotton seeds. ‖Despite the appeals court's decision, big questions remain unanswered. For example, it is unclear whether the sequencing of a whole genome violates the patents of indivi dual genes within it. The case may yet reach the Supreme Court.AS the industry advances ,however,other suits may have an even greater panies are unlikely to file many more patents for human DNA molecules-most are already patented or in the public domain .firms are now studying how genes intcract,looking for correlations that might be used to determine the causes of disease or predict a drug‘s efficacy,companies are eager to win patents for ‗connecting the dits‘,expaains hans sauer,alawyer for the BIO.Their success may be determined by a suit related to this issue, brought by the Mayo Clinic, which the Supreme Court will hear in its next term. The BIO rtcently held a convention which included seddions to coach lawyers on the shifting landscape for patents. Each meeting was packed.31.it canbe learned from paragraph I that the biotech companies would like-----A.their executives to be activeB.judges to rule out gene patentingC.genes to be patcntablcD.the BIO to issue a warning32.those who are against gene patents believe that----A.genetic tests are not reliableB.only man-made products are patentableC.patents on genes depend much on innovatiaonD.courts should restrict access to gene tic tests33.according to hans sauer ,companies are eager to win patents for----A.establishing disease comelationsB.discovering gene interactionsC.drawing pictures of genesD.identifying human DNA34.By saying ―each meeting was packed‖(line4,para6)the author means that -----A.the supreme court was authoritativeB.the BIO was a powerful organizationC.gene patenting was a great concernwyers were keen to attend conventiongs35.generally speaking ,the author‘s attitude toward gene patenting is----A.criticalB.supportiveC.scornfulD.objectiveText 4The great recession may be over, but this era of high joblessness is probably beginning. Before it ends,it will likely change the life course and character of a generation of young adults. And ultimately, it is likely to reshape our politics,our culture, and the character of our society for years.No one tries harder than the jobless to find silver linings in this national economic disaster. Many said that unemployment, while extremely painful, had improved them in some ways; they had become less materialistic and more financially prudent; they were more aware of the struggles of others. In limited respects, perhaps the recession will leave society better off. At the very least, it has awoken us from our national fever dream of easy riches and bigger houses, and put a necessary end to an era of reckless personal spending.But for the most part, these benefits seem thin, uncertain, and far off. In The Moral Consequences of Economic Growth, the economic historian Benjamin Friedman argues that both inside and outside the U.S. ,lengthy periods of economic stagnation or decline have almost always left society more mean-spirited and less inclusive, and have usually stopped or reversed the advance of rights and freedoms. Anti-immigrant sentiment typically increases, as does conflict between races and classes.Income inequality usually falls during a recession, but it has not shrunk in this one,. Indeed, this period of economic weakness may reinforce class divides, and decrease opportunities to cross them--- especially for young people. The research of Till Von Wachter, the economist in Columbia University, suggests that not all people graduating into a recession see their life chances dimmed: those with degrees from elite universities catch up fairly quickly to where they otherwise would have been if they had graduated in better times; it is the masses beneath them that are left behind.In the internet age, it is particularly easy to see the resentment that has always been hidden winthin American society. More difficult, in the moment , is discerning precisely how these lean times are affecting society‘s character. In many respects, the U.S. was more socially tolerant entering this resession than at any time in its history, and a variety of national polls on social conflict since then have shown mixed results. We will have to wait and see exactly how these hard times will reshape our social fabric. But they certainly it, and all the more so the longer they extend.36.By s aying ―to find silver linings‖(Line 1,Para.2)the author suggest that the jobless tryto___.[A]seek subsidies from the govemment[B]explore reasons for the unermployment[C]make profits from the troubled economy[D]look on the bright side of the recession37.According to Paragraph 2,the recession has made people_____.[A]realize the national dream[B]struggle against each other[C]challenge their lifestyle[D]reconsider their lifestyle38.Benjamin Friedman believe that economic recessions may_____.[A]impose a heavier burden on immigrants[B]bring out more evils of human nature[C]Promote the advance of rights and freedoms[D]ease conflicts between races and classes39.The research of Till Von Wachther suggests that in recession graduates from elite universities tend to _____.[A]lag behind the others due to decreased opportunities[B]catch up quickly with experienced employees[C]see their life chances as dimmed as the others‘[D]recover more quickly than the others40.The author thinks that the influence of hard times on society is____.[A]certain[B]positive[C]trivial[D]destructivePart BDirections:Read the following text and answer the questions by finding information from the left column that corresponds to each of the marked details given in the right column. There are two extra choices in the right column. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEERT 1.(10 points)―Universal history, the history of what man has accomplished in this world, is at bottom the History of the Great Men who have worked here,‖ wrote the Victorian sage Thomas Carlyle. Well, not any more it is not.Suddenly, Britain looks to have fallen out with its favourite historical form. This could be no more than a passing literary craze, but it also points to a broader truth about how we now approach the past: less concerned with learning from forefathers and more interested in feeling their pain. Today, we want empathy, not inspiration.From the earliest days of the Renaissance, the writing of history meant recounting the exemplary lives of great men. In 1337, Petrarch began work on his rambling writing De Viris Illustribus – On Famous Men, highlighting the virtus (or virtue) of classical heroes. Petrarch celebrated their greatness in conquering fortune and rising to the top. This was the biographical tradition which Niccolo Machiavelli turned on its head. In The Prince, the championed cunning, ruthlessness, and boldness, rather than virtue, mercy and justice, as the skills of successful leaders.Over time, the attributes of greatness shifted. The Romantics commemorated the leading painters and authors of their day, stressing the uniqueness of the artist's personal experience rather than public glory. By contrast, the Victorian author Samual Smiles wrote Self-Help as a catalogue of the worthy lives of engineers , industrialists and explores . "The valuable examples which they furnish of the power of self-help, if patient purpose, resolute working and steadfast integrity, issuing in the formulation of truly noble and many character, exhibit,"wrote Smiles."what it is in the power of each to accomplish for himself"His biographies of James Walt, Richard Arkwright and Josiah Wedgwood were held up as beacons to guide the working man through his difficult life.This was all a bit bourgeois for Thomas Carlyle, who focused his biographies on the truly heroic lives of Martin Luther, Oliver Cromwell and Napoleon Bonaparte. These epochal figures represented lives hard to imitate, but to be acknowledged as possessing higher authority than mere mortals.Communist Manifesto. For them, history did nothing, it possessed no immense wealth nor waged battles:―It is man, real, living man who does all that.‖ And history should be the story ofthe masses and their record of struggle. As such, it needed to appreciate the economic realities, the social contexts and power relations in which each epoch stood. For:―Men make their own history, but they do not make it just as they please; they do not make it under circumstances chosen by themselves, but under circumstances directly found, given and transmitted from the past.‖This was the tradition which revolutionized our appreciation of the past. In place of Thomas Carlyle, Britain nurtured Christopher Hill, EP Thompson and Eric Hobsbawm. History from below stood alongside biographies of great men. Whole new realms of understanding — from gender to race to cultural studies — were opened up as scholars unpicked the multiplicity of lost societies. And it transformed public history too: downstairs became just as fascinating as upstairs.Section III Translation46.Directions:Translate the following text from English into Chinese.Write your translation on ANSWER SHEET2.(15 points)When people in developing countries worry about migration,they are usually concerned at the prospect of ther best and brightest departure to Silicon Valley or to hospitals and universities in the developed world ,These are the kind of workers that countries like Britian ,Canada and Australia try to attract by using immigration rules that privilege college graduates .Lots of studies have found that well-educated people from developing countries are particularly likely to emigrate .A big survey of Indian households in 2004 found that nearly 40%of emigrants had more than a high-school education,compared with around 3.3%of all Indians over the age of 25.This "brain drain "has long bothered policymakers in poor countries ,They fear that it hurts their economies ,depriving them of much-needed skilled workers who could have taught at their universities ,worked in their hospitals and come up with clever new products for their factories to make .Section IV WritingPart A47.DirectionsSuppose you have found something wrong with the electronic dictionary that you bought from an onlin store the other day ,Write an email to the customer service center to1)make a complaint and2)demand a prompt solutionYou should write about 100words on ANSERE SHEET 2Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter ,Use "zhang wei "instead .48、write an essay based on the following table .In your writing you should1)describe the table ,and2)give your commentsYou should write at least 150 words(15points)某公司员工工作满意度调查完形填空：1.B2.B3.A4.A5.C6.B7.C8.A9.D 10.B11.D 12.B 13.C 14.D 15.B16.A 17.C 18.B 19.B 20.DTEXT1：21. A 22.C 23.A 24.B 25.DTEXT2：26.A 27.B 28.A 29.C 30.CTEXT3：31.C 32.B 33.A 34.D 35.DTEXT4：36.D 37.D 38.B 39.D 40.A新题型：41-45：AFGCE小作文范文：Dear Sir or Madame,As one of the regular customers of your online store, I am writing this letter to express my complaint against the flaws in your product—an electronic dictionary I bought in your shop the other day.The dictionary is supposed to be a favorable tool for my study. Unfortunately, I found that there are several problems. To begin with, when I opened it, I detected that the appearance of ithad been scratched. Secondly, I did not find the battery promised in the advertisement posted on the homepage of your shop, which makes me feel that you have not kept your promise. What is worse, some of the keys on the keyboard do not work.I strongly request that a satisfactory explanation be given and effective measures should be taken to improve your service and the quality of your products. You can either send a new one to me or refund me my money in full.I am looking forward to your reply at your earliest convenience.Sincerely yours,Zhang Wei。

英语二真题：Section 1 Use of EninglishDirections :Millions of Americans and foreigners see GI.Joe as a mindless war toy ,the symbol of American military adventurism, but that’s not how it used to be .To the men and women who（ 1 )in World War II and the people they liberated ,the GI.was the （2) man grown into hero ,the pool farm kid torn away from his home ,the guy who（ 3) all the burdens of battle ,who slept in cold foxholes,who went without the（ 4) of food and shelter ,who stuck it out and drove back the Nazi reign of murder .this was not a volunteer soldier ,not someone well paid ,（5) an average guy ,up（ 6 )the best trained ,best equipped ,fiercest ,most brutal enemies seen in centuries.His name is not much.GI. is just a military abbreviation （7) Government Issue ,and it was on all of the article（ 8) to soldiers .And Joe? A common name for a guy who never （9) it to the top .Joe Blow ,Joe Magrac …a working class name.The United States has（ 10) had a president or vicepresident or secretary of state Joe.GI .joe had a (11)career fighting German ,Japanese , and Korean troops . He appers as a character ,or a (12 ) of american personalities, in the 1945 movie The Story of GI. Joe, based on the last days of war correspondent Ernie Pyle. Some of the soldiers Pyle(13)portrayde themselves in the film. Pyle was famous for covering the (14)side of the warl, writing about the dirt-snow –and-mud soldiers, not how many miles were(15)or what towns were captured or liberated, His reports(16)the “willie” cartoons of famed Stars and Stripes artist Bill Maulden. Both men(17)the dirt and exhaustion of war, the (18)of civilization that the soldiers shared with each other and the civilians: coffee, tobacco, whiskey, shelter, sleep.(19)Egypt, France, and a dozen more countries, G.I. Joe was any American soldier,(20)the most important person in their lives.1.[A] performed [B]served [C]rebelled [D]betrayed2.[A] actual [B]common [C]special [D]normal3.[A]bore [B]cased [C]removed [D]loaded4.[A]necessities [B]facilitice [C]commodities [D]propertoes5.[A]and [B]nor [C]but [D]hence6.[A]for [B]into [C] form [D]against7.[A]meaning [B]implying [C]symbolizing [D]claiming8.[A]handed out [B]turn over [C]brought back [D]passed down9.[A]pushed [B]got [C]made [D]managed10.[A]ever [B]never [C]either [D]neither11.[A]disguised [B]disturbed [C]disputed [D]distinguished12.[A]company [B]collection [C]community [D]colony13.[A]employed [B]appointed [C]interviewed [D]questioned14.[A]ethical [B]military [C]political [D]human15.[A]ruined [B]commuted [C]patrolled [D]gained16.[A]paralleled [B]counteracted [C]duplicated [D]contradicted17.[A]neglected [B]avoided [C]emphasized [D]admired18.[A]stages [B]illusions [C]fragments [D]advancea19.[A]With [B]To [C]Among [D]Beyond20.[A]on the contrary [B] by this means[C]from the outset [D]at that pointSection II Resdiong ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. answer the question after each textby choosing A,B,C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1.(40 points)Text 1Homework has never been terribly popular with students and even manyparents, but in recent years it has been particularly scorned. Schooldistricts across the country, most recently Los Angeles Unified, arerevising their thinking on his educational ritual. Unfortunately, L.A.Unified has produced an inflexible policy which mandates that with theexception of some advanced courses, homework may no longer count for morethan 10% of a student’s academic grade.This rule is meant to address the difficulty that students fromimpoverished or chaotic homes might have in completing their homework.But the policy is unclear and contradictory. Certainly, no homework shouldbe assigned that students cannot do without expensive equipment. But ifthe district is essentially giving a pass to students who do not do theirhomework because of complicated family lives, it is going riskily closeto the implication that standards need to be lowered for poor children.District administrators say that homework will still be a pat ofschooling: teachers are allowed to assign as much of it as they want. Butwith homework counting for no more than 10% of their grades, students caneasily skip half their homework and see vey little difference on theirreport cards. Some students might do well on state tests withoutcompleting their homework, but what about the students who performed wellon the tests and did their homework? It is quite possible that the homeworkhelped. Yet rather than empowering teachers to find what works best fortheir students, the policy imposes a flat, across-the-board rule.At the same time, the policy addresses none of the truly thornyquestions about homework. If the district finds homework to be unimportantto its students’ academic achievement, it should move to reduce or eliminate the assignments, not make them count for almost nothing. Conversely, if homework does nothing to ensure that the homework students are not assigning more than they are willing to review and correct.The homework rules should be put on hold while the school board, which is responsible for setting educational policy, looks into the matter and conducts public hearings. It is not too late for L.A. Unified to do homework right.21.It is implied in paragraph 1 that nowadays homework_____.[A] is receiving more criticism[B]is no longer an educational ritual[C]is not required for advanced courses[D]is gaining more preferences22.L.A.Unified has made the rule about homework mainly because poor students_____.[A]tend to have moderate expectations for their education[B]have asked for a different educational standard[C]may have problems finishing their homework[D]have voiced their complaints about homework23.According to Paragraph 3,one problem with the policy is that it may____.[A]discourage students from doing homework[B]result in students' indifference to their report cards[C]undermine the authority of state tests[D]restrict teachers' power in education24. As mentioned in Paragraph 4, a key question unanswered about homework is whether______. [A] it should be eliminated[B]it counts much in schooling[C]it places extra burdens on teachers[D]it is important for grades25.A suitable title for this text could be______.[A]Wrong Interpretation of an Educational Policy[B]A Welcomed Policy for Poor Students[C]Thorny Questions about Homework[D]A Faulty Approach to HomeworkText2Pretty in pink: adult women do not rememer being so obsessed with the colour, yet it is pervasive in our young girls’ lives. Tt is not that pink is intrinsically bad, but it is such a tiny slice of the rainbow and, though it may celebrate girlhood in one way, it also repeatedly and firmly fuses girls’ identity to appearance. Then it presents that connection,even among two-year-olds, between girls as not only innocent but as evidence of innocence. Looking around, I despaired at the singular lack of imagination about girls’ lives and interests.Girls’ attraction to pink may seem unavoidable, somehow encoded in their DNA, but according to Jo Paoletti, an associate professor of American Studies, it is not. Children were not colour-coded at all until the early 20th century: in the era before domestic washing machines all babies wore white as a practical matter, since the only way of getting clothes clean was to boil them. What’s more, both boys and girls wore what were thought of as gender-neutral dresses.When nursery colours were introduced, pink was actually considered the more masculine colour, a pastel version of red, which was associated with strength. Blue, with its intimations of the Virgin Mary, constancy and faithfulness, symbolised femininity. It was not until the mid-1980s, when amplifying age and sex differences became a dominant children’s marketing strategy, that pink fully came into its own,when it began to seem inherently attractive to girls, part of what defined them as female, at least for the first few critical years.I had not realised how profoundly marketing trends dictated our perception of what is natural to kins, including our core beliefs about their psychological development. Take the toddler. I assumed that phase was something experts developed after years of research into children’s behaviour: wrong. Turns out, acdording to Daniel Cook, a historian of childhood consumerism, it was popularised as a marketing trick by clothing manufacrurers in the 1930s.Trade publications counselled department stores that, in order to increase sales, they should create a “third stepping stone” between infant wear and older kids’ clothes. Tt was only after “toddler”became a common shoppers’ term that it evolved i nto a broadly accepted developmental stage. Splitting kids, or adults,into ever-tinier categories has proved a sure-fire way to boost profits. And one of the easiest ways to segment a market is to magnify gender differences – or invent them where they did not previously exist.26.By saying "it is...the rainbow"(Line 3, Para.1),the author means pink______.[A]should not be the sole representation of girlhood[B]should not be associated with girls' innocence[C]cannot explain girls' lack of imagination[D]cannot influence girls' lives and interests27.According to Paragraph 2, which of the following is true of colours?[A]Colours are encoded in girls' DNA.[B]Blue used to be regarded as the colour for girls.[C]Pink used to be a neutral colour in symbolising genders.[D]White is prefered by babies.28.The author suggests that our perception of children's psychological development was much influenced by_____.[A]the marketing of products for children[B]the observation of children's nature[C]researches into children's behavior[D]studies of childhood consumption29.We may learn from Paragraph 4 that department stores were advised to_____.[A]focus on infant wear and older kids' clothes[B]attach equal importance to different genders[C]classify consumers into smaller groups[D]create some common shoppers' terms30.It can be concluded that girls' attraction to pink seems to be____.[A] clearly explained by their inborn tendency[B]fully understood by clothing manufacturers[C] mainly imposed by profit-driven businessmen[D]well interpreted by psychological expertsText3In2010.afederaljudgeshookAmerica'paniesh adwonpatentsforisolatedDNAfordecades-by2005some20%ofhumangeneswereparented.ButinMarch2010ajudgeruledthatgeneswereunpa tentable.Executiveswereviolentlyagitated.TheBiotechnologyIndustryOrga nisation(BIO),atradegroup,assuredmembersthatthiswasjusta “preliminarystep”inalongerbattle.OnJuly29ththeywererelieved,atleasttemporarily.Afederalappealscourtove rturnedthepriordecision,rulingthatMyriadGeneticscouldindeedholbpatent stotwogenssthathelpforecastawoman'sriskofbreastcancer.Thechiefexecuti veofMyriad,acompanyinUtah,saidtherulingwasablessingtofirmsandpatients alike.Butascompaniescontinuetheirattemptsatpersonalisedmedicine,thecourtswi llremainratherbusy.TheMyriadcaseitselfisprobablynotoverCriticsmakethreemainargumentsagainstgenepatents:ageneisaproductofnature,soitmaynotb epatented;genepatentssuppressinnovationratherthanrewardit;andpatents' monopoliesrestrictaccesstogenetictestssuchasMyriad's.Agrowingnumberse styearafederaltask-forceurgedreformforpatentsrelatedtogen etictests.InOctobertheDepartmentofJusticefiledabriefintheMyriadcase,a rguingthatanisolatedDNAmolecule“isnolessaproductofnature...thanarecottonfibresthathavebeenseparated fromcottonseeds.”Despitetheappealscourt'sdecision,bigquestionsremainunanswered.Forexam ple,itisunclearwhetherthesequencingofawholegenomeviolatesthepatentsof individualgeneswithinit.ThecasemayyetreachtheSupremeCourt.AS the industry advances ,however,other suits may have an even greater panies are unlikely to file many more patents for human DNA molecules-most are already patented or in the public domain .firms are now studying how genes intcract,looking for correlations that might be used to determine the causes of disease or predict a drug’s efficacy,companies are eager to win patents for ‘connecting the dits’,expaains hans sauer,alawyer for the BIO.Their success may be determined by a suit related to this issue, brought by the Mayo Clinic, which the Supreme Court will hear in its next term. The BIO rtcently held a convention which included seddions to coach lawyers on the shifting landscape for patents. Each meeting was packed.31.it canbe learned from paragraph I that the biotech companies would like-----A.their executives to be activeB.judges to rule out gene patentingC.genes to be patcntablcD.the BIO to issue a warning32.those who are against gene patents believe that----A.genetic tests are not reliableB.only man-made products are patentableC.patents on genes depend much on innovatiaonD.courts should restrict access to gene tic tests33.according to hans sauer ,companies are eager to win patents for----A.establishing disease comelationsB.discovering gene interactionsC.drawing pictures of genesD.identifying human DNA34.By saying “each meeting was packed”(line4,para6)the author means that -----A.the supreme court was authoritativeB.the BIO was a powerful organizationC.gene patenting was a great concernwyers were keen to attend conventiongs35.generally speaking ,the author’s attitude toward gene patenting is----A.criticalB.supportiveC.scornfulD.objectiveText 4The great recession may be over, but this era of high joblessness is probably beginning. Before it ends,it will likely change the life course and character of a generation of young adults. And ultimately, it is likely to reshape our politics,our culture, and the character of our society for years.No one tries harder than the jobless to find silver linings in this national economic disaster. Many said that unemployment, while extremely painful, had improved them in some ways; they had become less materialistic and more financially prudent; they were more aware of the struggles of others. In limited respects, perhaps the recession will leave society better off. At the very least, it has awoken us from our national fever dream of easy riches and bigger houses, and put a necessary end to an era of reckless personal spending.But for the most part, these benefits seem thin, uncertain, and far off. In The Moral Consequences of Economic Growth, the economic historian Benjamin Friedman argues that both inside and outside the U.S. ,lengthy periods of economic stagnation or decline have almost always left society more mean-spirited and less inclusive, and have usually stopped or reversed the advance of rights and freedoms. Anti-immigrant sentiment typically increases, as does conflict between races and classes.Income inequality usually falls during a recession, but it has not shrunk in this one,. Indeed, this period of economic weakness may reinforce class divides, and decrease opportunities to cross them--- especially for young people. The research of Till Von Wachter, the economist in Columbia University, suggests that not all people graduatinginto a recession see their life chances dimmed: those with degrees from elite universities catch up fairly quickly to where they otherwise would have been if they had graduated in better times; it is the masses beneath them that are left behind.In the internet age, it is particularly easy to see the resentment that has always been hidden winthin American society. More difficult, in the moment , is discerning precisely how these lean times are affecting society’s character. In many respects, the U.S. was more socially tolerant entering this resession than at any time in its history, and a variety of national polls on social conflict since then have shown mixed results. We will have to wait and see exactly how these hard times will reshape our social fabric. But they certainly it, and all the more so the longer they extend.36.By saying “to find silver linings”(Line 1,Para.2)the author suggest that the jobless try to___.[A]seek subsidies from the govemment[B]explore reasons for the unermployment[C]make profits from the troubled economy[D]look on the bright side of the recession37.According to Paragraph 2,the recession has made people_____.[A]realize the national dream[B]struggle against each other[C]challenge their lifestyle[D]reconsider their lifestyle38.Benjamin Friedman believe that economic recessions may_____.[A]impose a heavier burden on immigrants[B]bring out more evils of human nature[C]Promote the advance of rights and freedoms[D]ease conflicts between races and classes39.The research of Till Von Wachther suggests that in recession graduates from elite universities tend to _____.[A]lag behind the others due to decreased opportunities[B]catch up quickly with experienced employees[C]see their life chances as dimmed as the others’[D]recover more quickly than the others40.The author thinks that the influence of hard times on society is____.[A]certain[B]positive[C]trivial[D]destructivePart BDirections:Read the following text and answer the questions by finding information from the left column that corresponds to each of the marked details given in the right column. There are two extra choices in the right column. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEERT 1.(10 points)“Universal history, the history of what man has accomplished in this world, is at bottom the History of the Great Men who have worked here,”wrote the Victorian sage Thomas Carlyle. Well, not any more it is not.Suddenly, Britain looks to have fallen out with its favourite historical form. This could be no more than a passing literary craze, but it also points to a broader truth about how we now approach the past: less concerned with learning from forefathers and more interested in feeling their pain. Today, we want empathy, not inspiration.From the earliest days of the Renaissance, the writing of history meant recounting the exemplary lives of great men. In 1337, Petrarch began work on his rambling writing De Viris Illustribus –On Famous Men, highlighting the virtus (or virtue) of classical heroes. Petrarch celebrated their greatness in conquering fortune and rising to the top. This was the biographical tradition which Niccolo Machiavelli turned on its head. In The Prince, the championed cunning, ruthlessness, and boldness, rather than virtue, mercy and justice, as the skills of successful leaders.Over time, the attributes of greatness shifted. The Romantics commemorated the leading painters and authors of their day, stressing the uniqueness of the artist's personal experience rather than public glory. By contrast, the Victorian author Samual Smiles wrote Self-Help as a catalogue of the worthy lives of engineers , industrialists and explores . "The valuable examples which they furnish of the power of self-help, if patient purpose, resolute working and steadfast integrity, issuing in the formulation of truly noble and many character, exhibit,"wrote Smiles."what it is in the power of each to accomplish for himself"His biographies of James Walt, Richard Arkwright and Josiah Wedgwood were held up as beacons to guide the working man through his difficult life.This was all a bit bourgeois for Thomas Carlyle, who focused his biographies on the truly heroic lives of Martin Luther, Oliver Cromwell and Napoleon Bonaparte. These epochal figures represented lives hard to imitate, but to be acknowledged as possessing higher authority than mere mortals.Communist Manifesto. For them, history did nothing, it possessed no immense wealth nor waged battles:“It is man, real, living man who does all that.” And history should be the story of the masses and their record of struggle. As such, it needed to appreciate the economic realities, the social contexts and power relations in which each epoch stood. For:“Men make their own history, but they do not make it just as they please; they do not make it under circumstances chosen by themselves, but under circumstances directly found, given and transmitted from the past.”This was the tradition which revolutionized our appreciation of the past. In place of Thomas Carlyle, Britain nurtured Christopher Hill, EP Thompson and Eric Hobsbawm. History from below stood alongside biographies of great men. Whole new realms of understanding —from gender to race to cultural studies — were opened up as scholars unpicked the multiplicity of lost societies. And it transformed public history too: downstairs became just as fascinating as upstairs.Section III Translation46.Directions:Translate the following text from English into Chinese.Write your translation on ANSWER SHEET2.(15 points)When people in developing countries worry about migration,they are usually concerned at the prospect of ther best and brightest departure to Silicon Valley or to hospitals and universities in the developed world ,These are the kind of workers that countries like Britian ,Canada and Australia try to attract by using immigration rules that privilege college graduates .Lots of studies have found that well-educated people from developing countries are particularly likely to emigrate .A big survey of Indian households in 2004 found that nearly 40%of emigrants had more than a high-school education,compared with around 3.3%of all Indians over the age of 25.This "brain drain "has long bothered policymakers in poor countries ,They fear that it hurts their economies ,depriving them of much-needed skilled workers who could have taught at their universities ,worked in their hospitals and come up with clever new products for their factories to make .Section IV WritingPart A47.DirectionsSuppose you have found something wrong with the electronic dictionary that you bought from an onlin store the other day ,Write an email to the customer service center to1)make a complaint and2)demand a prompt solutionYou should write about 100words on ANSERE SHEET 2Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter ,Use "zhang wei "instead .48、write an essay based on the following table .In your writing you should1)describe the table ,and2)give your commentsYou should write at least 150 words(15points)英语二答案：完形填空：1.B2.B3.A4.A5.C6.B7.C8.A9.D 10.B11.D 12.B 13.C 14.D 15.B16.A 17.C 18.B 19.B 20.DTEXT1：21. A 22.C 23.A 24.B 25.DTEXT2：26.A 27.B 28.A 29.C 30.CTEXT3：31.C 32.B 33.A 34.D 35.DTEXT4：36.D 37.D 38.B 39.D 40.A新题型：41-45：AFGCE 翻译、写作见后面详解详解1.【答案】B 从空后的句子“他们解放的人们”可以看出，空前的句子表示的应该是参加了第二次大战的男人和女人。

2012考研英语二真题及答案2012年的考研英语二试题是许多考生备战考研的重要参考资料之一。

下面将为大家提供该年份的试题和答案。

阅读理解部分Passage 1Stress is a universal problem and psychological stress is recognized as an important factor in causing heart disease. But the mechanisms by which stress damages the heart are not clearly understood.In certain animals stress leads to an increase in the size of the adrenal glands. If this happens to young rats, they develop high blood pressure that lasts throughout their lives. In one study, rats that had been made emotionally upset by receiving a series of electric shocks as they tried to climb out of a pool of water were found to have high adrenal hormone levels.A group of similar rats that did not receive the shocks did not have raised hormone levels. Further studies showed that the adrenal hormones impaireda certain type of cells which line the blood vessels. It may be, therefore, that the blood vessels of the emotionally upset rats do not function correctly, allowing high blood pressure to develop. So far, however, nothing certain is known about this.According to the passage, the mechanisms by which stress damages the heart are ____.【A】 well understood【B】 not understandable【C】 not quite clear【D】 completely unknown【答案】C【解析】根据原文第一段"But the mechanisms by which stress damages the heart are not clearly understood."可以得出答案。

2012年考研英语二真题及答案解析完整版2011年管理类联考综合能力初数部分真题一、问题求解：第1~15小题，每小题3分，共45分。

下列每题给出的A 、B 、C 、D 、E 五个选项中，只有一项是符合要求的。

请在答题卡上将所选项的字母涂黑。

1.已知船在静水中的速度为28km/h ，河水的流速为2km/h ，则此船在相距78km 的两地间往返一次所需时间是 （A ）5.9h （B ）5.6h （C ）5.4h （D ）4.4h （E ）4h3)E (54)D (34)C (35)B (4)A (abc ,0)4c 5(5b 33a c ,b ,a .22---==-+++-则满足若实数3.某年级60名学生中，有30人参加合唱团、45人参加运动队，其中参加合唱团而未参加运动队的有8人，则参加运动队而未参加合唱团的有（A ）15人 （B ）22人 （C ）23人 （D ）30人 （E ）37人33333R 93)E (R 31)D (R 34)C (R 938)B (R 38)A (R .4方体的体积是工的最大正加工成正方体，则能加的球体，拟用刨床将其现有一个半径为5.2007年，某市的全年研究与试验发展（R&D ）经费支出300亿元，比2006年增长20%，该市的GDP 为10000亿元，比2006年增长10%。

2006年，该市的R&D 经费支出占当年GDP 的（A ）1.75% （B ）2% （C ）2.5% （D ）2.75% （E ）3%61E 51D 41C 31B 21A 133145.6）（）（）（）（）（名学生的概率为个专业各有则该小组中人小组，机派出一个名财会专业的学生中随名经济专业和名管理专业，现从名）（名）（名）（名）（名）（年九月底的在校学生有名，则该校多招名，之后每年比上一年年招生生九月份入学。

该校毕业生七月份离校，新一所四年制大学每年的3200E 6200D 9000C 11600B 14000A 200720020002001.72717E 95D 94C 278B 91A 112.8）（）（）（）（）（球的概率为个红乙盒中至少有乙、丙三个盒子中，则个白球随机地放入甲、个红球与将22E 12D 41C 2B 21A DOA COD BOC AOB 1ABCD 1.9π--ππ-π）（）（）（）（）（则阴影部分的面积为均为半圆，，，，的正方形，弧是边长为，四边形如图种）（种种！）（种）种）（在一起的不同坐法有人都坐张连座票，则每一家的他们购买了同一排的口之家一起观看演出，个!9E )!3)(D ()3(3C )!3(B ()!3(A 933.104332的坐标为则点的切线平行于直线上的一点，该圆在点是圆设P ,02y x P 2y x P .1122=++=+)1,1)(E ()0,2)(D (2,0)(C ()1,1)(B ()1,1)(A (--=++=-+-+-c b a 8a c c b b a 12c ,b ,a .12，则数），且的三个不同的质数（素是小于设(A)10 (B)12 (C)14 (D)15 (E)1913.在年底的献爱心活动中，某单位共有100人参加捐款，经统计，捐款总额是19000元，个人捐款数额有100元、500元和2000元三种，该单位捐款500元的人数为 (A)13 (B)18 (C)25 (D)30 (E)2814.某施工队承担了开凿一条长为2400m 隧道的工程，在掘进了400m 后，由于改进了施工工艺，每天比原计划多掘进2m ，最后提前50天完成了施工任务，原计划施工工期是 (A)200天 (B)240天 (C)250天 (D)300天 (E)350天141)E (131)D (61)C (51)B (21)A (yx y x y x ,4xy ,9y x .153322=++++==+则已知二、条件充分性判断：第16-25小题，每小题3分，共30分。