上外英语专业综合教程U1 text 2

上外英语专业考研完形填空题目精选TEXT 1(beside under aside character over distort slay suppose scrub sit separate home demonstrate tip genetic commencement accurate periodically expose address flicker investigate stand sample flaws meanwhile coincide puncture prosecution outline)An attractive American student on trial for murder can count on support 6,000 miles away in her native Seattle. There, one of Amanda Knox's most vocal backers is attorney Anne Bremner, who has offered her counsel pro bono to the accused's family and is a spokeswoman for Friends of Amanda. On Friday, she sat down with TIME to go over the case against Knox, who took the witness (1) ____on Friday in her murder trial.Video footage from the crime scene of British student Meredith Kercher's murder (2) ____ on a laptop screen as Bremner points out what she deems critical (3) ____ in the collection of evidence. After placing rulers on the sides of a bloody shoeprint, for example, a blue-rubber-gloved hand reaches down with a piece of white cloth and (4) ____ the bloody mark off the tile floor before putting the cloth into an evidence tube. This happens three times for three (5) ____footprints. In film footage taken at least a day later, another team of investigators attempts, using photographs, to place where the footprints had been. "They should have lifted the tile," Bremner says, shaking her head.In what is surely a well-rehearsed (6) ____ by now, Bremner goes on to (7) ____ the case against Knox, point by point. The (8) ____, she says, is most likely relying on a knife found at the house of Knox's then boyfriend and fellow accused Rafaelle Sollecito. That knife has Knox's DNA on the handle and what some forensic scientists say is Kercher's DNA on the (9) ____. But Bremner dismisses the idea that it is the knife that killed Kercher: "They never found the murder weapon." Bremner claims that a bloody print on the bed linens conveys the shape of the actual murder weapon and that the knife in question "doesn't match an (10) ____ of the knife on the bed." Additionally, Bremner says, expert testimony has already indicated that at least two of the wounds on Kercher's neck couldn't have been made by that particular blade. That (11) ____, she points out, it's not surprising that Knox's DNA would be on its handle; she prepared dinner with Sollecito in his apartment.As to whether the DNA on the tip belongs to Kercher, experts disagree. Patrizia Stefanoni, a police forensics expert who testified in the pretrial hearing in May, suggested that it was Kercher's DNA on the tip of the knife — and that the way the (12) ____ material was positioned indicated the knife had probably been used to (13) ____ the skin. But other experts who have analyzed the DNA evidence for the defense suggest that poor sample quality and possible contamination undermine the (14) ____ of these results.Contamination was also likely with the DNA found on Kercher's bra clasp, Bremner says, pointing out that the clasp wasn't collected until more than two months after the murder and that throughout film footage of the crime scene investigation it (15) ____ changes location —suggesting it was picked up and moved several times.Bremner goes on to criticize the (16) ____ assassination the media have directed at Knox since the beginning of the trial, which she believes gives the defense an uphill battle in front of a jury that is unsequestered andthus (17) ____ to the often explosive stories in the press.Accounts of Knox doing splits and cartwheels as she awaited questioning by the police are a (18) ___of the behavior of a teenager exhibiting restlessness, Bremner argues, and depictions of a hypersexualized relationship with her "on-again, off-again" boyfriend Sollecito have been (19) ___dramatized. "They met at a music concert and had been dating for two weeks when this happened," she says. "It's hard to be 'on-again, off-again' in two weeks."Her list goes on. It was reported that Knox went out to buy lingerie and had an explicit conversation about sex with Sollecito as the investigation first got (20) ___ way. "That house was a crime scene," Bremner explains, "so she couldn't go back in and didn't have any clothes. And the person who (21) ____ reported that this conversation had been overheard didn't even speak English, and their conversation was in English."As the trial goes on, the prosecution will surely continue to drive (22) ____ their most damning points: the knife; Knox's statement putting herself at the house the night Kercher was (23) ____. And the defense will probably point to the crime-scene video, with its frequent stops and starts, and to alleged flaws in the (24) ____ — for example, when a female investigator reaches down with tweezers to pluck a hair (25) ____ off the blood-stained duvet, her own long hair dangles down (26) ____ her.(27) ____, back in Seattle, Knox's supporters will be following all this from afar. And observing a bitter milestone: this weekend, Knox's testimony (28) ____ with what would have been her college graduation. Her former classmates "are (29)____ their lives,"Bremner says, "and she's (30) ____ in jail."TEXT 2(affection consistent identity mar cultivate condition crackdown woe coherence dictator model same more little clamp pragmatism capitalism argue privilege click notable likely slap capture ally downgrade scrap sector traditionally pretense )On a recent cover, weekly French news magazine Le Point featured a photo of a confounded- looking President Nicolas Sarkozy in a heavy rainstorm with a headline that read what's happening to him? Both the image and the question (1)____ Sarkozy's transformation from a leader who could do no wrong to one whose every move seems to incite opposition or controversy — even among (2)____. Many of the French President's (3)____ exist because voters are confused about what he stands for. His decisions seem to contradict each other, they complain, and his policies are often ideologically schizophrenic. "For the first two years of his presidency, Sarkozy convinced French public opinion that all he had to do was announce reform for it to be as good as done — that his word and desired results were one and the (4)____," says Denis Muzet, president of Médiascopie, a public-opinion research institute in Paris. "Since last January, however, people have not only begun complaining it's all gesticulation with (5) ____ real result, but that the reforms themselves are clashing in nature, illegible in content, and often harmful in what they achieve. They see no ideological (6)____ in Sarkozy's reform or leadership." Which means that the more salient question might actually be: Who is Nicolas Sarkozy? Is he the man elected President in May 2007, who immediately set out to lower income taxes, (7)____ France's 35-hour workweek, revoke special retirement (8)____ for public-transport workers, and harangue employees to "work (9)____ to earn more"? Or is he the leader who in the past year has (10)____ down greedy bankers, fumed at U.S. and British resistance to French plans for strict new regulationsof the global finance (11)____, and preached the gospel of "moralizing (12)____ "? Is he the man, a son of a Hungarian immigrant, who, newly elected, challenged French (13)____ of color-blind égalité by (14)____ for American-style affirmative action? Or is he the leader who, facing critical regional elections next March, has begun openly courting voters of the extreme-right National Front with a (15)____ on illegal aliens and a divisive national debate on immigration and French (16)____?All politicians contradict themselves, of course. It's almost impossible to remain perfectly (17)____ and ideologically pure under the watchful gaze of the media — especially in an age when conflicting statements are just a (18)___ on YouTube away. But Sarkozy's slipperiness is (19)____ because his political success has been built around his reputation as a straight talker and someone who acts rather than bloviates. Now many voters — and even some of his former allies — are questioning the President they thought they knew. "This is classic Sarkozy: claiming that adaptable principles and a willingness to take any stand (20)____ to reinforce his own political interests are in fact proof of (21)____ and openness to all views," says a former adviser to conservative politicians, who spoke on (22)____ of anonymity. "Zero conviction and fidelity —except to himself."Take international affairs. During the first year of his presidency, Sarkozy's frosty relationship with German Chancellor Angela Merkel led him to (23)____ the Franco-German relationship that has (24)____ been central to French policy in Europe and instead (25)____ closer ties with the U.K. But in April, ahead of the G-20 summit in London, the French leader rushed back to Merkel on the issue of tougher international regulation of financial markets, and has since encouraged a tighter relationship with Berlin. Last week, Sarkozy even started a public fight with British Chancellor Alistair Darling by bragging that the appointment of a French official to oversee E.U. regulation of financial markets was both a "victory of the European (26)____, which has nothing to do with the excesses of financial capitalism," and a chance to "(27)____ down on the City [London's financial hub]" —a threat Darling described as "self-defeating" and "a recipe for confusion."Sarkozy's early idolization of U.S. President Barack Obama has likewise given way to bitter disappointment over the American's slow, consensual method of reform — and his refusal to return Sarkozy's public displays of (28)____.There's also the pesky issue of human rights. Sarkozy pledged to place human rights at the top of his list of requirements for diplomatic partners before he was elected but that quickly gave way to an embrace of leaders like Muammar Gaddafi from Libya and Bashar al-Assad from Syria, statetrips to pal around with African (29)____, and a congratulatory call to Vladimir Putin after his party's December 2007 success in legislative elections (30)____ by accusations of corruption.TEXT 3(Awareness, Bail, Misusing, Modesty, Faith, Opposite, Behalf, Stick, Malaria, Trials, Involvement, Disappointments, Presidency, Echoing, Successor, Security, Promise, Ground, Insist, Dated, Nominee, Detonate, Displaying, Challenge, Deficits, Trouble, elected, Charge, Bragging, Expanded)"We will reopen Pennsylvania Avenue in front of the White House." —the 2000 Republican platform.But they never did. Eight years later, the barricades remain. It was a phony issue, of course — just another ___1___ with which to beat Bill Clinton, who closed the road at the ___2___ of the Secret Service. In aninterview with PBS a month after Sept. 11, 2001, Vice President Dick Cheney stated the obvious: "Pennsylvania Avenue ought to stay closed because, as a fact, if somebody were to ___3___ a truck bomb in front of the White House, it would probably level the White House, and that is unacceptable."Sept. 11 is the excuse for many of the Bush Administration's failures and ___4___. It is also the basis for the one great claim made on George W. Bush's ___5___: At least he has protected us from terrorism. In the seven years since that day, there has not been another foreign-terrorist attack on the American homeland. The ___6___ is that there were no foreign-terrorist attacks on the American homeland in the seven years before 9/11 either. The risk of another terrorist attack didn't increase on 9/11 — only our ___7___ of the risk. The Bush Administration took office mocking the concern that someone might blow up the White House but soon enough was ___8___ that concern.The platform on which Bush entered the presidency eight years ago comes from a lost world, in which even the party out of power saw an America of unthreatened prosperity and___9___ "Yesterday's wildest dreams are today's realities, and there is no limit on the ___10___ of tomorrow," the GOP said. The biggest foreign policy ___11___ America faced in 2000, according to this party document, was to avoid ___12___. our enormous power. "Earlier generations defended America through great ___13___" the platform declared. Then it quoted the Republican ___14___ Bush, on the importance of showing the "___15___ of true strength. The humility of real greatness." Even enthusiasts of Bush's foreign policy would not describe it as ___16___ the humility of true greatness. More like the pugnacity of lost greatness. All that talk of one superpower — us —bestriding a "unipolar" world seems as ___17___ as Seinfeld reruns.The measure of Bush's failure as President is not his broken promises or unmet goals. All politicians break their promises, and none achieve the goals of their soaring rhetoric. But Bush stands out for abandoning the promises and goals that got him ___18___, taking up the ___19___ ones and then failing to keep or meet those.In 2000 Bush excoriated his predecessor for launching wars without an "exit strategy." In 2008 he leaves his ___20___ a war that has already lasted for years longer than America's ___21___ in World War II, with no exit in sight. Bush got elected warning against using U.S. troops for "nation-building" — meaning any goal beyond immediate military necessity. Then once in office, he promised to bring democracy to the entire Middle East and ended up destroying Iraq as a nation in the name of saving it.Bush leaves the stage still justifying his Iraq disaster on the ___22___ that prewar intelligence showed that Saddam Hussein had weapons of mass destruction. He acknowledges that this intelligence was wrong but maintains he relied on it in good ___23___. Who cares? What matters is whether there were WMD, not how sincerely he believed there were. WMD were how he justified the war. How do you explain to families of the war dead why a war must go on for years after even the man who started it thinks starting it was based on a mistake?The current economic calamity was a bolt from the blue to many who should have known better, but only one of them had been in ___24___ for the previous eight years. Only one spent much of that time ___25___ about how swell everything was, thanks to him. Many shared the heedless assumption that there was no limit on how much government or individuals could borrow, but only one turned record surpluses into record ___26___. And only one lectured us, Reagan-style, about burdensome government and then, almost casually, ___27___ government's role in the economy more than any President since F.D.R.: taking over banks and ___28___ outthe auto companies.O.K., but didn't he do anything right? Well, he came up with serious money to treat AIDS and ___29___ in Africa. He used the bully pulpit to embrace Muslims in the great post-9/11 American bear hug, when there was real danger of the opposite reaction. And you could say that Bush's disastrous ___30___ vindicates democracy. Let's not forget that, in 2000, more people voted for the other guy.TEXT 4(issue recommendations reinstate motivations confessions outrage convictions uncertainty term commute manifest pardon precedented imprisonment announcement righteousness death drama significance forensic overturn testimony review rush rash elect fallibility dogged prosecutor form)After 16 years of wearing prison-issue denim, Madison Hobley barely had time to change into the suit his wife had brought him before he was (1) ____ out of the gate last week by Illinois officials, an exonerated man. Condemned to death for the murder of his first wife, baby son and five other people in a 1987 arson case, Hobley--who had no previous (2) ____ --insisted that police had beaten and suffocated him to get a confession. Years later, his lawyers claimed that crucial evidence had not been made available to them by (3) ____. Yet for all the (4) ____ over Hobley's arrest and (5) ____, his release played only a bit part in the (6) ___ of Illinois Governor George Ryan's final hours in office. After granting a full pardon to Hobley and three others condemned to death, Ryan then (7) ____ the death sentences of an additional 157 inmates. Death row in the Land of Lincoln is now officially empty.There is no known precedent in the U.S. for universal clemency in death-penalty cases, and Ryan's (8) ____ was undoubtedly the most (9) ____ of his troubled gubernatorial career, which ends this week. He has put his state--one of 10 to have ordered a review of their death-penalty process--at the center of a growing national debate over the (10) ____ of capital punishment. Although polls show that Americans overwhelmingly believe in the moral (11)____ of executing murderers for their crimes, they turn squeamish at the thought of an innocent's being punished for another's evil deeds. Thanks to DNA testing and other (12)____ advances, convictions are being (13)____ with increasing frequency.When Ryan came into office in 1999, he supported the death penalty. But he found Illinois' record "shameful": the state's 12 executions since the reinstatement of capital punishment in 1977 had been outstripped by 13 exonerations. By November 1999, half of the state's almost 300 capital cases were reversed; 46 death-row inmates had been convicted on (14)___ from jailhouse informants. A Chicago police commander was fired after an internal inquiry found that he and his detectives had systematically tortured murder suspects (all four inmates released last week said their (15)____ were coerced by these officers).Ryan declared a moratorium on executions in January 2000 and ordered a comprehensive (16)____. His blue-ribbon commission issued more than 80 (17)____, but the state legislature hasn't passed any reform measures. As the clock ticked on his (18)____, Ryan began to personally review all death-row inmates' cases. "I have taken extraordinary action to correct (19)____ wrongs," he said. But Cook County state's attorney Richard Devine, whose office prosecuted the four (20)____ men, called the Governor's actions "outrageous and unconscionable." Ryan, he said, "has breached faith with the memory of the dead victims, their familiesand the people he was (21)____ to serve."Death-penalty supporters are furious that Ryan took the criminal-justice system into his own hands, although a (22)____ of pardons by a departing politician is not (23)____. Some accuse Ryan of being motivated by a cynical desire to create a last-minute legacy. (24)____ throughout much of his governorship by the investigation and indictment of 12 former staff members for alleged offenses that included using state money to fund political campaigns, Ryan--who has not been charged with any wrongdoing--decided not to seek re-election.Regardless of his (25)____, death-penalty opponents believe the Governor has delivered a wake-up call to the nation. For every 8 people executed since the Supreme Court (26)____ the death penalty in 1976, 1 person was exonerated from the crime that landed him on (27)____ row, according to statistics collected by the Death Penalty Information Center. Juries seem to be taking note of the (28)____ in the system: the number of death sentences (29)____ nationwide has dropped, from 303 in 1998 to 155 in 2001, according to the Bureau of Justice Statistics.Madison Hobley, now 42, plans this week to visit the graves of his (30)____ wife and son. Then he will begin to think about the future--buying a house, raising a family. Says Hobley: "I want a second chance to be a father."TEXT 5(unlikely link churning medication metabolism injection sew intestine obsolete all gain solid tolerance agent govern morbid dieting set diagram have face disband receptacle magic trigger resort normal existent complex effective )Like millions of less celebrated Americans, Carnie Wilson was not just fat. At 5 ft. 3 in. and more than 300 lbs., she was (1)____ obese--more than 100 lbs. above her ideal body weight. After trying all sorts of diets that didn't work, the daughter of Beach Boy Brian Wilson and member of the now (2)____ pop trio Wilson Phillips turned to a drastic last (3)____: gastric-bypass surgery. Doctors (4)____ up most of her stomach, reducing it to a tiny (5)___ that holds several tablespoonfuls at best, and isolated much of her small (6)____ to reduce nutrient absorption. Result: filled to bursting after just a few swallows, she simply couldn't eat the way she used to. In three years, Wilson dropped an astonishing 150 lbs. What's surprising, though, is that she lost not just the ability to overindulge but also her appetite. "For the first year and a half," she says, "it was almost (7)____. I had to remind myself to eat."Wilson's experience isn't (8)____ that unusual, and while doctors still aren't exactly sure what's going on, a report in last week's New England Journal of Medicine offers a tantalizing clue. The loss of appetite in bypass patients may be (9)____ to a recently discovered gastric hormone called ghrelin. Not only that, ghrelin may turn out to be one reason we feel hungry in the first place and why it's so hard for dieters to keep weight off. Understanding how ghrelin works could even lead to (10)____ weight-loss drugs or drugs to promote weight (11)____ in anorexics and cancer patients.For now, researchers are careful to emphasize only what they know for sure. Their study involved just 28 patients, and while the scientists came to three conclusions, lead author Dr. David Cummings of the Universityof Washington says, "I feel very (12)____ about two of them." The first is that ghrelin levels in the bloodstream rise significantly before meals and drop afterward. This suggests that ghrelin is involved in (13)____ the desire to eat--and indeed, earlier studies performed since the hormone was discovered in 1999 have shown that a ghrelin (14)____ just before a meal causes people to eat more than they normally would.The second conclusion reached by Cummings and his colleagues is that ghrelin levels are higher on average in people who have lost weight from (15)____. "It's well known that your body works against you when you try and lose weight," he says. If your weight falls below a certain "(16)____ point," which varies from one person to the next, your (17)____ adjusts to bring you back. "What's new," explains Cummings, "is the possibility that a rise in ghrelin is one way it's done."Cummings is less sure of the third conclusion, that bypass patients have only a quarter as much ghrelin as most people of (18)____ weight. "It was based on only five people," he says, "and it's quite possible that (19)____ we studied a sixth, he would not show that." Still, the conclusion makes sense on its (20)____. Ghrelin is produced mostly by cells in the stomach; if large parts of that organ are cut off from the rest of the digestive system, they may well stop (21)____ out the hormone.But while it's tempting to think that ghrelin is a (22)____ bullet that could be used to keep us all at a perfect weight, doctors think that's highly (23)____. Similar hopes were raised a few years ago for leptin, a hormone that acts as an appetite suppressant. After years of trying, nobody has found a way to make it into a useful (24)____, largely because patients quickly develop a leptin (25)____.What doctors suspect is that both leptin and ghrelin are part of a (26)____ system of brain and body chemicals that have evolved over millions of years to (27)____ weight and appetite. Says Dr. Rudy Leibel, an obesity expert and head of the molecular-genetics department at Columbia University: "It's just unlikely that any single component of this system will necessarily lead to a definitive therapeutic (28)____."That doesn't mean pharmaceutical weight control is forever out of the question. "In the next 10 years," says Dr. Bradford Lowell, an associate professor of medicine at Harvard and an expert on obesity, "we'll be able to determine the complete wiring (29)____ for body-weight control." And once scientists understand the entire system, not just a few of its components, they may be ready to design drugs that will make (30)____ the drastic surgery that Carnie Wilson underwent.TEXT 6(speed line accidentally rapport compromise consultant duty dramatic top various remedy translate interactions reduce understaffed come nursing potentially practice considerable technology ultimately distribution list dizzying ward outpatient check administer daunting )According to a recent survey in the Archives of Internal Medicine, an average of 40 drug errors occurred each day of 1999 in a typical, 300-bed hospital or (1)____ home. That (2)____ to about two errors per patient each day, most of which involved giving patients medications at the wrong time or not giving the dose at all. And while only seven percent of those errors are considered (3)____ dangerous, the numbers are still enough to leave patients — and families of patients — wondering how to protect themselves.Hospitals are taking their own steps. "These numbers, while they sound (4)____, have been reported before," says Duane Kirking, professor and chair of the Department of Social and Administrative Sciences at the University of Michigan College of Pharmacy. "Hospitals do know that errors are happening." (5)____ range from introducing new computers to monitor and control prescription medication output to adding better-qualified pharmacy staff. The computers will help cut back on mistakes (6)____, Kirking says, but the hospitals are still tied to imperfect technology —and human error —so existing problems can't be solved overnight. Additional staff will help (7)____ off the fatigue-related errors sometimes found in hospitals with overworked and (8)____ nursing departments —nurses, after all, are often the ones stuck processing prescriptions.Pharmacists and drug companies are also trying to avoid dangerous mistakes, says Jesse Vivian, a pharmacist and a professor of pharmacy (9)____ at Wayne State University in Detroit. "A lot of pharmacies are now using barcode (10)____ to make sure the medications match the drug that's prescribed," he says.(11)____, though, your health is in your own hands. What can you and your family do to (12)____ prescription error?Be an active patient: The most common drug error, according to the new study, is (13)____ skipping a dose. The second most common mistake is taking the medication at the wrong time. Both of these errors could be diminished considerably if patients and patients' families pay careful attention to the dosage and (14)____ of what can often be a (15)____ array of medications. This is especially true if you're keeping an eye on prescriptions for a young child, an elderly person or someone with (16)____ immunity, populations that can suffer much more dangerous responses to drug errors than someone whose immune system is up to (17)____.Ask questions: "Know what medications you’re taking," advises Kirking, "or have a family member keep a (18)____ of the prescriptions. Don't be afraid to ask questions: ask what medications a patient will be on, find out what they do, when they should be taken, how many a day, et cetera." Often, the patient is the best (19)____ of defense against mistakes. "You should know what your medication looks like," says Vivian. "If the appearance, color or smell is different, ask your pharmacist to double-check the prescription."(20)____ on the people writing the prescriptions: Though people in many hospitals, nursing homes and community pharmacies are overworked, try to find the best staffing situation you can. Look especially for a place where patients and their families can (21)____ in and talk to pharmacists. "In hospitals and nursing homes," says Vivian, "be sure to check on staffing levels after midnight —a time when many drugs are (22)____, and often when the least experienced staff are on (23)____."Stay on (24)___ of the situation: This can be (25)____; it's often difficult to find out exactly what's happening with a family members' prescriptions because things change so quickly and so many different doctors can be involved with the case. It's critical, says Kirking, to ask if the facility has a pharmacy (26)____ who can sit down with you and your family to discuss (27)____ prescriptions, drug (28)____ and side effects. Some nursing home facilities make this relatively easy, providing weekly "consultations" for family members.Don't forget to check (29)____ prescriptions, too: If you visit a hospital and are given a prescription to fill, try to take it to a pharmacist you know and trust. "It's important to develop a good (30)____ with one or two pharmacists who know you and your family members," says Vivian. "Don't assume every pharmacist will。

Unit 2“Future”, is a puzzling word for all the people in this world, including the scientists and the common. What will the world be like in five hundred year’s time?A thousand years’ time? Or more? Some people are pessimistic, and fear that things can only get wore because people may be slaves of the developed science and technology. Others are optimistic, looking forward to a better world and a happy life with the development of science and technology. In this Unit, we are given two texts about “smart cars”, a kind of intelligent products that bring so much convenience to people in the future. Then let’s come to Unit2 and learn something about “smart cars” in about 7 classes..Objectives in Unit 2:⒈words and phrases:alert application capability convert correlate decrease(increase) drastically eliminate expansion prototype manufacturing in the air take control of get/be stuck in turn(sth.) into/become a reality appropriate implement outline permanent thereby at the start of by means of in cooperation with⒉structure:①double prepositions②V. + it +adj. + to do③“” (present or past) is used as adjective to modify noun.⒊ learn some techniques in expository writing(definition, quote, a mixture of facts and opinions, etc.)4. writing: how to write a resume ( need explaining in detail)--- for homework to introduce next unit.For the first period: (1st,2nd class) have a revision of Unit 1 and come to Unit 2(words and phrases)Text A Smart CarsⅠSOME QUESTIONS for group discussion: (30 minutes)①What will the world be like in the future? (worse or better) What aspect do youthink in the world will change most?—Worse: destroyed by the people themselves, war, depend excessively on advanced science and technology to become lazy, indifferent, lack love between peopleand people, the Judge Day.—Better: make good use of science and technology to improve the world, a world garden, a society like Communist Society, happy life, share—Aspect: people’s life ,( way of thinking, custom)②With the development of science and technology, what will happen to cars? Whatcan be called “smart cars”?—In the film “007”, a “smart car ” is described. It was a transportation for Bond and the name was “the vanish”. It was a car of “adopted camouflage. Ti nycameras on all sides…project the image they see onto a light-emitting…polymer skin on the opposite side. For the casual eyes, it’s as good as invisible. Plus all the usual refinements, ejector seat…”③Would you like to drive a smart car? Why or why not?Like—convenient, comfortable, a vehicle avoiding traffic accidents, safe, with many functions that we can imagineDo not like—can not enjoy the pleasure of driving a car, too complex④ Free writing :(Finish it in ten minutes)*You may begin with the sentences:A. If I could afford a car, I will buy one without hesitation because…….B. Even if I could afford a car, I may not actually want to drive one because…... *State your viewpoints to the other students in your groupⅡ Background information (Introduction of Cars) : (10 minutes)The invention of cars ─ The first self-propelled car was built by Nicolas Cugnot in 1769 which could attain speeds of up to 6 kms/hour. In 1771 he again designed another steam-driven engine which ran so fast that it rammed into a wall, recording the worlds first accident.Some famous brands of cars ─General MotorsFord Motor Company(Ford Lincoln Mercury Mazda Volvo JaguarLand Rover Aston Martin)?DaimlerChrysler （戴姆勒-克莱斯勒）(DaimlerChryslers’ passen ger car brands include Maybach, Mercedes-Benz, Chrysler, Jeep?, Dodge and smart. Commercial vehicle brands include Mercedes-Benz, Freightliner, Sterling, Western ,Star and Setra)Toyota (Toyota is a world famous brand of cars. The company is in Japan) Mercedes-Benz (This brand has stood for more than 100 years. It is a German company.)From the questions we discussed in the above, we can get a general impression on the future world and the smart cars in the future. Smart cars that can see, hear, feel, smell, talk, and drive on their own… all that sounds like a dream maybe become a reality with the help of computer revolution and with the appearance of smart cars, the modern science and technology will bring some effects on man in the future possibly. Thereby, let’s look at the first text “Smart Cars”.Ⅲ TEXT ORGANIZATION: (15 minutes)Part one paras 1—3 New technology will have a dramatic impact on cars andhighways in the 21st century.Part two paras 4—9 With the aid of advanced technology, smart cars willbe designed that they can help eliminate trafficaccidents, determine their own precise locations andwarn of traffic jams.Smart cars are superior to the ordinary cars in many ways: (let thestudents find answers in this part)①Smart cars can see, hear, feel, smell, talk, and act.②They can eliminate most car accidents.③They can alert the police and provide precise location if stolen.④They can monitor one’s driving and the driving conditions nearby.⑤They can alert the driver who feels drowsy.⑥They can locate your car precisely and warn of traffic jams.Part three paras 10—13 GPS and “telematics” will make it possible tobuild smart highways, which will benefit us inmore than one way.Ⅳ KEY POINTS in the text: (30 minutes)Part one⒈questions: — What are the effects of the computer revolution?—It brings the development of automobile industry and theappearance of the smart cars become possible.⒉language points: ① turn into/become a reality ─ H er dreams of being acollege student has turned into a reality.②para1 phrase “remain unchanged” 保持一种状态 Keep warmremain untouched remain silentpara2 rank as: put…in a class 被列为…They all agree to rank Addison as a great essayist.…as among… (double preposition. Exercise 1 for structure) para3 key (to): sth. that provides an answer (to a problem or a mystery) General Motors Corporation 通用汽车公司ITS program: 智能运输系统Intelligent Transportation SystemprogramITS improves transportation safety and mobility and enhances productivity through the use of advanced communications technologies.Intelligent transportation systems (ITS) encompass a broad range of wireless and wire line communications-based information and electronics technologies.? When integrated into the transportation system's infrastructure, and in vehicles themselves, these technologies relieve congestion, improve safety and enhance American productivity.? Homework: ① review the key points we have leaned in the part one.②preview the following text, find the difficult sentences, try to memorizethe words and expressions in the vocabulary.For the second period: (3rd ,4th class)Part two⒈questions: ① ─In what aspects are the smart cars superior to the ordinary cars? (text organization 2)② ─What new technology have already been adopted in developing the cars? ─We have had the cars that can monitor one’s driving and the d rivingconditions nearby; We have had the cars that can determine how sleepy you are as you drive; and in Japan cars with navigational capability have been built.⒉ language points: para4 ① don’t bother to do: take trouble 麻烦Don’t bother to get dinner for me today; I’ll eatat a restaurant in town.② via (prep.) 通过 by way of④in the air : uncertain— My plan are still quite in the air.There is a peculiar smell in the air.Para 5 ① scan for② Should you make a serious mistake,… (subjunctive mood)If you should make a serious mistake,…Para 6 ①MIT: 麻省理工学院Massachusetts Institute of Technology, one of the world’s leading research universities, in Cambridge, Massachusetts. In 1865, the school was opened in Boston by geologist William Barton Rogers who became its first president. Throughout its history MIT has held a worldwide reputation for teaching and reach.② underestimated/overestimatedPara 7 question: what are the two of the most frustrating things about driving a car? And how to overcome it ? ()①tune to②They make it possible to determine your location…V. + it +adj. + to doExercise 2 for structurePara 8 convert (to) ─change from one form or use to another (followed by into/to) The signal will be converted into digital code.Para 9 correlate ─have a mutual relationship or connection, in which one thing affects or depends on another (followed by with/to)A mothers smoking in pregnancy correlates with low birth weight in her baby.Part three:⒈questions: How to use GPS and “telematics” in automobile industry in the future? What are the benefits?—Blind individuals could use GPS…the list of potential uses is endless; put the smart cars on smart high ways—This could prove to be an environmental boon as well, saving fuel, reducing traffic jams, decreasing air pollution, as serving as an alternative to highway expansion.⒉ language points: ①be poised to do: (be ready to do) The automobile company is poised to launch its new advertising campaign.②…as the price of microchips drops to below a penny a piece…double preposition (exercise on page52)③ GPS:全球性定位系统The Global Positioning System (GPS) is asatellite-based navigation system made up of a network of 24 satellites placed into orbit by the . Department of Defense. GPS was originally intended for military applications, but in the 1980s, the government made the system available for civilian use. GPS works in any weather conditions, anywhere inthe world, 24 hours a day. There are no subscription fees or setup charges touse GPS.Homework: ① review the whole text, especially the key points. Learn to analysis and translate some long sentences if necessary.② finish the exercises.For the third period: (5th class)Have a dictation and explain the rest exercises of text A, especially the words, phrases and translation, help the students memorize all the language points.Dictation: turn it into reality automobile industry manufacturing industry start up the engine alert the police get stuck in traffic a precise frequency decreasing air pollution highway expansion send put a radio signal application approximately eliminate lucrative convert______changed the world during the 20th century, _______in the United States and other industrialized nations. They are indeed of great use to us, but they have brought some______ as well, such as noise and air______, and highway______. It is reported that automobile accidents _____among the leading causes of death or injury throughout the world. Fortunately modern innovators are reinventing the automobile. New propulsion systems, fuels, designs, and means of ______cars have all developed rapidly in the past decade. For example, by using the _____-aided global positioning system (GPS), a computer in the automobile can _____the vehicle’s precise position, and with the application of sensors, smart cars can _____most cars accidents. (Automobiles, particularly, hazards, pollution, fatalities, rank, manufacturing, satellite, locate, eliminate)Explain the exercises together, especially vocabulary, structure, cloze .(6th class) come to text BText B Intelligent vehiclesObjectives:1.This text is used as a fast reading t o practice student’s ability for readingcomprehension.2.Try to grasp the new words and phrase listed in the box.3.learn to comprehend the sentences and translate them into Chinese.Step one: give students 15 minutes to read the text and at the same time finish the following questions (for first seven N, Y and NG, the next three briefanswer s)We only eliminate the more that ten percent of the traffic crashes that arecaused by human errors by driving the intelligent car. (N)We can infer that the author believes that human drivers cannot travel close behind other vehicles. (Y)The author mentions the Futurama as an example to explain a failed attempt at automation. (N)Visual systems for observing the road are better than magnetic systems because they do not need special equipment buried in the road. (Y)For observing other vehicles, laser systems are preferred in the USA. (NG) Onboard computers are better than roadside computers for setting lane speed.(N)The author’ attitude towards the future developm ent of automatic transport system is positive. (Y)The distances and closing rates to preceding vehicles can be measured by a _____or a _________. Radar, laser rangefinderThe _______ of these driver muscle functions are electromechanical devices installed in the automated vehicle. EquivalentsThe luxury of being chauffeured to your destination might be enjoyed by all, not just the__________. Wealthiest individualsStep two: Text Organization─Part one (1—2) the benefit to be gained from the intelligent vehicles─eliminate the traffic crashes, reduce antisocial driving behavior, the entire population can enjoy it, reduce the pollution andfuel consumptionPart two (3—15) the way intelligent cars work and the remaining changes as to their application.1.it is a realistic prospect to have intelligent cars in the nearfuture.2.it is possible to determine accurately a vehicle’s position andorientation relative to the lane’s center.3.The distances and closing rates to preceding vehicles can bemeasured by a radar or a laser rangefinder.4.the electromechanical devices control the car completely.5. Computers in the vehicles and those at the roadside decide whenand where to change the course.6.There remains a number of difficulties to be overcome, technicalones especially.Part three (16) the promising future of intelligent cars.Homework：preview the text； read the text in detailFor the forth period:Step three: key points─1.outline / deadline/ headline/ online/ underline2.implication─ n. implication for sb./sth.The new report has far-reaching implications for the future of broadcasting.这一新报告对广播业的前途有些意味深长的暗示。

Unit One Growing UpLearning Objectives:Students will be able to:1.grasp the essence of essay and learn to write a good essay;2.appreciate the different uses of synonyms in the text and learn to avoid the monotonous use of words inwriting;3.master the key language points and grammatical structures in the text;4.conduct a series of reading, listening, speaking and writing activities related to the theme of the unit. Proverbs and Quotations1. Youth and age will never agree. 少年和老头，永远不相投。

2. Youth is the season of hope. 青春是希望的季节。

3. Youth must have its fling (猛冲).年轻人要敢闯。

4. You have to believe in yourself. That’s the secret of success.人必须相信自己，这是成功的秘诀。

-- Charles Chaplin, American actor -- 美国演员卓别林5. Follow your own course, and let people talk.走自己的路，让人家去说吧。

-- Dante, Italian poet --意大利诗人但丁Pre-reading task:1.How do you understand the title of Text A－Writing For Myself?2.Why did Baker enjoy writing “The Art of Eating Spaghetti”?First PeriodPart one: Listening task (10m)Listen to the passage and answer the following questions:Next week, Max is going on a business trip. He’s going to fly to London from San Francisco. He tried to buy airplane tickets last week but the flight was full. Yesterday his travel agent called and told him there was space on the flight. He’s going to get the tickets in a mail tomorrow.Questions:1. What is Max going to do next week? (He’s going on a business trip next week.)2. Is he going to Sa n Francisco? (No, he’s going to fly to London.)3. Why could he not buy the tickets last week? (Because the flight was full.)4. Who helped him with the tickets? (His travel agent)5. Can he get his tickets today? (No, he can’t. He’s going to get the ticke ts tomorrow.)Part two: Review task(20m):How to understand the title－Writing For Myself? (para5)Look at the title of Text A, then find out in which paragraph a similar phrase appears. Read that paragraph carefully and explain in your own words what the author means by saying “write for myself”.Usually we will write the compositions in the light of all the rules given by teacher and do not dare to violate these rules. So in some sense we write the compositions for teachers. But Baker want to put down or write down the warmth and good feeling of eating spaghetti for himself, and relive and recapture the pleasure of that evening, even though Fleagle would give him a failing grade.Why did Baker enjoy writing “The Art of Eating Spaghetti”?(para3-4)Fleagle distributed a homework sheet with some simple-minded and dull topics, so Baker did nothing until the night before the essay was due. Finally Baker faced up to the unwelcome task and scanned it and chose the title The Art of Eating Spaghetti. This title produced an extraordinary sequence of mental images. Vivid memories came flooding back of a night in Belleville when all of us were seated around the supper table.All the good humor of Uncle Allen’s house reawoke in my mind as I recalled the laughing arguments we had that night about the socially respectable method for moving spaghetti from plate to mouth.Part three: Cultural Notes (10m)1. Spaghetti（意大利式细面条）It is the Italian-style thin noodles. Unlike some Chinese noodles, it is usually served with sauce, not in soupand it will never taste pulpy (多汁的).2. What is the right way of eating spaghetti ?Spaghetti is the Italian-style thin noodle, cooked by boiling and served with sauce. Usually you would put a fork into a plate of spaghetti, turn the fork several times so that spaghetti will wind around the fork, then place the fork into your mouth. It’s impolite to suck.3. The U.S. Grade School System•Kindergarten: under 5 years old /Chinese: under 6years old•Elementary/primary school (grades 1-6): 6-11 years old/ Chinese: (greades1-6) 7-12 years old•Junior high/middle school (grades 7-8): 12-13 years old/Chinese(grades 7-9) 13-15 years old•Senior high school (grades 9-12): 14-17 years old/Chinese: (grades 10-12/13) 16-18/19 years old•College, institute, academy, universityPart four: The Structure of Text A (55m)Why did not he have the dream?(para1: bored English courses, dull grammar,long assignments, lifeless paragraphs)(dream:writer)Baker Why did he have the dream?(background:para1) (because the English class was assigned to Mr.Fleagle.his description:para2 )How did he find the dream?(para3-4:Fleagle distributed students a homework sheet for an essay, Bakerchose the art of eating spaghetti.)Why did he choose the title?(para5)(relive…recapture…violate…)Why did he turn in the essay for himself to Fleagle?(para6:because…wait…)What Fleagle did in the class?(para6-8:classmates…) How did he feel after Fleagle’s reading the essay? (para9:delighted...)1.B aker’s dream (para1-2)What’s his dream?: a writerWhen did he have the dream?:The idea of becoming a writer had come to me off and on since my childhood in Belleville, but it wasn’t my third year in high school that the possibility took hold.Why didn’t he have the dream before the 3rd year in high school?He had been bored by everything associated with English courses. He found English grammar dull and difficult. He hated the assignments to turn out long, lifeless paragraphs that were agony for teachers to read and for me to write.What impression did Fleagle give students?(para.2):When our class was assigned to Fleagle I anticipated another cheerless year in that most tedious of subjects. Mr. Fleagle had a reputation for dullness and inability to inspire. He was formal, rigid, hopelessly out of date, excessively prim. He wore primly severe eyeglasses, prim suits with neckties set primly against the collar buttons of his white shirts. He had a primly pointed jaw, a primly straight nose.The prim manner of speaking was so correct and gentle that he seemed a comic antique.2.How to realize his dream?:first (para.3), Mr. Fleagle distributed a homework sheet to write an informal essay. Baker thought them simple-mined and dull, so Baker did nothing until the night before the essay was due. Baker finally faced up to the task and chose the title: The Art of Eating Spaghetti.second(para.4), Baker recalled the happy moment of eating spaghetti.third(para.5), Baker violated all the rules of formal composition and put down the happy moments for hisown joy, and decided to write another formal one for Mr. Fleagle.fourth(para.6), due to the time, Baker turned in his essay for himself. Mr. Fleagle returned everyone’s but his. So Baker prepared for a command to report to Mr. Fleagle.finally(para.7-8), Mr. Fleagle read Baker’s essay for the class. The entire clas s listened attentively and laughed not in contempt and ridicule but with open-hearted enjoyment. Even Mr. Fleagle smiled.3.Baker’s feeling after teacher’s reading(para.9)?:He was delighted at the demonstration that his words had the power to make people laugh. Teacher gave him the highest appreciation about his essay: this is the essence of the essay. He discovered his calling─writing. Part five: homework (5m)According to the below descriptive words and expressions about a person and try to use them to describe your classmates or a person you are familiar with.(Serious/easy-going, formal/informal, wavy or straight hair, pointed or plat jaw or nose, humorous or not, outdated or modern clothes…)Second PeriodPart one: review task(10m) (ask one or two students to describe a person)Suggested answer:My English teacher is a lady. She has the long and wavy hair, very beautiful. And she has a pointed jaw and a pointed nose. She always wears the clothes in fashion. Her manner of speaking is very gentle and humorous. What’s more, she treats us very well. She is an easy-going teacher and talks to us with smiles on her face. We all like her.Part two: True or False Questions (20m)1. Baker had an idea of becoming a writer at his eleventh grade. (F) The idea of becoming a writer began from his childhood, but it didn’t take hold until to his high school.2. Baker was bored at writing because he had no friends at school. (F) He was bored by everything associated with English course, including grammar and English writing assignments.3. Mr. Fleagle was a dull person only because of his appearance. (F) He had a bad reputation for dullness and inability to inspire, his manners also suggested a dull impression.4. Baker felt no interest in the topic of essay at first.5. Baker had fond memory of eating spaghetti with his family members.6. Bake wrote an essay for his own pleasure.7. Baker didn’t like to compose another essay for Mr. Fleagle. (F) No, he attempted to, but he had no time.8. Baker was praised for his essay because he knew the essence of writing.9. Everybody in the class laughed at Baker’s w riting. (F) No, they were amused at his fancy writing, and laughed heartily.10. Mr. Fleagle encouraged Baker to write by giving him a gift. (F) He praised and encouraged him by saying the last words to him.Part three: analysis of essay writing (40m)1. According to Baker’s essay: The Art of Eating Spaghetti, talk about the essence of the essay. Whatis essay? How to write essay?According to Baker’s essay, we know that a good essay is the reflection of writer’s true feelings not the repetion of all the rules of formal composition. Writer writes simply for his own joy and pleasure not for teachers, recapture and relive the author’s true feelings. So the essence of good essay is to write that one enjoys writing about. This is what the title Writing For Myself means. This is the essence of essay. (see para.5)2. Analysis of writing skills of essayAccording to Text A, the essay is, in a sense, an account of what once happened to you in your life. Writing of this kind usually takes the form of narration with some facts and arguments and some expressions of the author’s feelings. Text A is written according to time clues.2.1 Look for some arguments and supporting details for Baker to support his opinions, and paraphrase these arguments.Argument 1 (para1)The idea of becoming a writer had come to me off and on since my childhood in Belleville, but it wasn’t until my third year in high school that the possibility took hold. (I was bored by everything connected with English courses. I found English grammar dull and difficult. I hated the assignments to turn out long, lifeless paragraphs that were agony for teachers to read and for me to write.)Argument 2 (para2)When our class was assigned to Mr. Fleagle for third-year English I anticipated another cheerless year in that most tedious of subjects. (He had a reputation among students for dullness and not arousing students’ inspiration. He was said to be formal, rigid, and out of fashion/outdated. I prepared for an unfruitful year with Mr. Fleagle and for a long time was not disappointed.)Argument 3 (para4)This title produced an extraordinary sequence of mental images. (Vivid memories came flooding back of a night in Belleville. We were seated around the supper table, we argue about the socially respectable method for eating spaghetti, we laughed cheerly.)2.2 Ask students to look for some sentences for Baker to express his feelings and translate these sentences into Chinese.－Until then I’d been bored by everything associated with English courses. (para1)－I prepared for an unfruitful year with Mr.Fleagle and for a long time was not disappointed(desperate ). (para3)－suddenly I wanted to write about that, about the warmth and good feeling of it, but I wanted to put it down simply for my own joy, not for Mr. Fleagle. It was a moment I wanted to recapture and hold for muself. I wanted to relive the pleasure of that evening. To write it as I wanted, however, would violate all the rules of formal composition I’d learned in school.(para5)－I did my best to avoid showing pleasure, but what I was feelling was pure delight at this demonstration that my words had the power to make people laugh.(para9)2.3 Ask students to look for the time clues in text A and retell the storysuggested answer:Since my childhood in Belleville I haven’t dreamed becoming a writer, until my third year in high school the possibility of the idea took hold. Until then I was bored by everything related to English classes. When our class was assigned to Mr. Fleagle for third-year English I anticipated another cheerless year in that most tedious of subjects. Late in the year we tackled the informal essay, Fleagle assigned an essay to us. Until the night before the essay was due I did nothing, but I finally faced up to the unwelcome task. When I finished writing the essay, the night was half gone and there was no time left to compose a proper and respectable essay for Fleagle. Next morning I had to turn in my tale. Two days passed Fleagle returned everyone’s but mine. When I saw him lift my paper from his desk and knock for the class’s attention I was preparing myself for a command to report to him immediately after school for discipline. When Mr. Fleagle finished, he said that this is the essence of the essay. Congratulations on your writing, Mr. Baker.Part four: Useful Expressions(15m)Translate the below useful expressions into English(teacher tell students these Chinese expressions and let students find the English expressions from the Text A)!1. 断断续续(off and on)2. 对…感到腻味(be bored by ...)3. 觉得…枯燥难懂(find ... dull and difficult)4. 以…而出名(have a reputation for...)5. 据说某人…(sb. be said to be ...)6. 拘谨刻板，落后于时代(formal, rigid and out-of-date)7. 随笔小品文(an informal essay)8. 躺在沙发上(lie on a sofa)9. 不得不面对…(face up to ...)10. 围坐在晚餐桌旁(be seated around the supper table) 11. …重现在我脑海中(... reawake in my mind)12. 自得其乐(for my own joy) 13. 违反规定(violate the rules)14. 不及格分(a failing grade) 15. 别无选择，只好做…(There is no choice but to do...)16. 更不可思议的是(what’s more) 17. 专心听讲(listen attentively)18. 乐乎乎地开怀大笑(laugh with open-hearted enjoyment) 19. 心花怒放(pure delight)20. 最后的时刻(at the eleventh hour)Part five: homework(5m)1.Find out the synonymous words and phrases from Text Afor the words and phrases below.dull (L. 4): bored, lifeless, cheerless, tedious turn out (L. 5): compose, put downanticipate (L. 8): prepare for formal (L.10): rigid, prim, correct, proper, respectablerecapture (L. 35): relive contempt (L. 52): ridicule2. Preview Text B and try to find out the answers to the following questions:1. Who was Mr. Ballou? What was the author’s impression of Mr. Ballou at first? What did the author find about Mr. Ballou later?2. What was the attitude of the author towards reading books before he went into Mr. Ballou’s house? Did t he author’s attitude towards reading changed later?3. How did the author like what Mr. Ballou had given to him?4. What’s the conclusion of this author?Third PeriodPart one: review task : task 1 (task 2 will be handled when the structure of Text B is analyzed) (10m) Part two: Error Correction (15m)Directions: Look carefully at the passage and correct the mistakes. And then underline the words and phrases you’ve just learned.The sight of the picture always associated me to(with) my childhood. Life in school was tideous(tedious) and dull.Discipline(disciplines) from the rigid teachers were unavoidable for any violation out of(of) their commands. However(what’s more), nothing could inspire us to face up with(face up to) the hopless(hopeless) life.Part three(20m): Group Discussion1. What do you learn from the story?(No matter what difficulties we encounter in the future, we should face up to them and try our best to conquer them. We should learn from Baker to dare to write a good essay for his own joy not for Fleagle, that is to say, we should dare to challenge the rules of formal compositions not only obey them, we should learn his spirit to challenge authority. We should believe in our abilities to deal with the difficult problems just as Baker wrote a good essay by himself and got teacher’s appreciation finally. )2．Is there any unforgettable experience during your growing up? What is it? Why? How do you succeed and how do you overcome you failures?We all hope we will experience all the good things in life, such as the happiness of realizing our dreams, the joy of feeling worthwhile, and the satisfaction of knowing we’ve succeeded. Indeed, we cannot always hope to embrace success and never accept failure. And most importantly, only if we learn from many a failure can we do things better and finally overcome such a bad feeling as frustration. It is the part ou our life experience. In our process of growing up, we may inevitably experience it when confronted with situations that don’t come up to our expectations. It is a test of our courage when it befalls us. If we let it controls us, we may fall into sadness. But if we conquer it, it will become our source of inspiration, we may ultimately enjoy the glory of success.3. Summary of text AAs students when we are writing we are often told to keep our readers and teachers in mind, to shape what we say to fit their tastes and interests. So Baker is very confused and does not know how to finish an essay when Mr. Fleagle distributed a homework sheet offering a choice of topics. But there is one reader in particular who should not be forgotten, that is the writer himself. Baker discovered this point. And finally finished the essay writing by putting down the happy memories for himself and obtained the teacher and classmates’ appreciation.Part four: Structure of Text B( 40m)I. Structural Chart of Text B:II. Questions that could guide the students to understand the structure of Text B.1. When did the story take place? What did the author do at that time?This story took place when he was fourteen. He was a student who cut lawns for other people as a summer job to earn money.2. When did the narrator wrote this essay? What did the narrator do when he wrote this essay?Thirty years later. He became an anthropologist at Dartmouth College.3. Who was Mr. Ballou? What was the author’s impression of Mr. Ballou at first?He was one of the neighbors of the author who never paid the author for cutting lawns at all. The author thought that Mr. Ballou was poor but polite at first.(Para.2 “ Mr. Ballou fell into the last category, and he always had a reason why. On one day he had no change for a fifty, on another he was flat out of checks, on another, he was simply out when I knocked on his door.” “I figured him for a thin retiremen t check.” “Grass was grass, and the little that Mr.Ballou’s property comprised didn’t take long to trim.”(Poor)Para.2 “ …always waving or tipping his hat when he’d see me from a distance…” (Polite))4. What did the author find about Mr. Ballou later?Later, the author found that Mr. Ballou was rich in books and experienced in reading.(Para.7 “…I saw that books were stacked everywhere. It was like a library…”(rich in books)Para.8 “ This is nothing…a second time.” (experienced in reading))5. What was the attitude of the author towards reading books before he went into Mr. Ballou’s house?He just read what was in front of him, i.e. he just read randomly for entertainment, and he even didn’t know what were his favorites, none of the books or magazines he read before had any impressions on his memories. (Para. 9 “ I generally read what was in front of me, what I could get from the paperback stack at the drugstore, what I found at the library, magazines, the back of cereal boxes, comics. The idea of consciously seeking out a special title was new to me, but, I realized, not without appeal…”)6. Did the author’s attitude towards reading changed later? When?Yes, his attitude towards reading changed later. In the evening of the day on which he got the book t itled “ The Last of the Just” from Mr. Ballou, he began to read seriously and absorbedly, this book attracted him and impressed him deeply.(Para.16 “ Within a few pages, the yard, the summer, disappeared, and I was plunged into the aching tragedy of the Holocaust, the extraordinary clash of good, represented by one decent man, and evil.”Para.17 “ To this day, thirty years later, I vividly remember the experience. It was my first voluntary encounter with world literature, and I was stunned by the concentra ted power a novel could contain.”)7. Had Mr. Ballou ever paid a cent to the author? What did he give to the author instead? How did the author like what Mr. Ballou had given to him?Mr. Ballou had never paid a cent to the author; he just gave some books to the author as the down payment. The author thought that what Mr. Ballou had given to him was of great value, because he became an anthropology professor later due to these books.(Para20. “ To make two long stories short, Mr. Ballou never paid me a cent for cutting his grass that year or the next, but for fifteen years I taught anthropology at Dartmouth College.8. What’s the conclusion of this author?Reading was not the innocent entertainment, and a right book will change the course of your life.(P ara. 20 “Summer reading was not the innocent entertainment I had assumed it to be, not a light hearted, instantly forgettable escape in a hammock (though I have since enjoyed many of those, too). A book, if it arrives before you …all that follows.”)Part five: Homework(5m)Ask the students to rewrite this essay in their own words, and encourage them to try to use the following wordsin their writings: comprise, motion, clash, represent, decent, evil, voluntary, assume. (120 words).Fourth periodPart one: review task(15m)Suggested answer:When I was fourteen, I earned money in the summer by cutting lawns. Mr. Ballou was one of my neighbors who never paid me at all. But I didn’t mind because the little that his property comprised didn’t take long to trim. O ne day, he motioned me to come into his house, and I saw that books were stacke d everywhere. Mr. Ballou encouraged me to choose some books to read, but I didn’t know what I want at all. So, Mr. Ballou helped to choose one book for me through a careful consideration. I started after supper. Within a few pages, I was plunged into the aching tragedy of the Holocaust, the extraordinary clash of good, represented by one decent man, and evil. It was my first voluntary encounter with world literature, and I was stunned by the concentrated power a novel could contain. Summer reading was not the innocent entertainment I had assumed it to be; a book, if it arrives before you at the right moment, will change the course of all that follows.Part two: Paraphrase and Translate the Following Sentences (35m)1.I got to know people by the flowers they planted that I had to remember not to cut down, by the things theylost in the grass or stuck in the ground on purpose.Paraphrase: My customers would plant some flowers on their lawns, and I had to remember not to cut down these flowers. Or sometimes they would lose or stick some things in the ground intentionally, and these details had helped me to get to know them gradually.客户们种植的花卉我得记住不能剪去，他们有时会将东西遗落在草地上或故意插在地里，通过这些我逐渐认识了他们。

Key to Unit 1 Never Say GoodbyePage5 Text comprehension1.Decid e which of the following best states the author’s purpose of writing.C2.Judge, according to the text, whether the foll owing statements are true orfalse.1—5 T T T F F3.Answer the foll owing questions1.What mad e the author’s grandpa cry sadly?The mere thought of his son’s d eath in that terribl e war in Italy mad e him cry.2.How l ong had Grandpa’s son been in the war?Three months.3.What is the implication of the author’s grandpa’s words “Never saygoodbye”?They mean “Never give in to sadness”.4.What did Grandpa ask the author to d o even if he and his friends had to part?He asked him to always remember the joy and happiness of the times when he first said hell o to his friends.5.What caused the author to return to the old house?His grandpa was gravely ill.6.Why d o you think the author’s grandpa smiled at him during his lastmoments?His grandpa must have felt greatly relieved when he realized that the author had finally found out the essence of his words.4.Explain in your own words the foll owing sentences.1.Our big old house had seen the joys and sorrows of four generations ofour family.2.I planted these roses a l ong time ago – before your mother was born.3.Many son left home to fight against fascists.4.Take the first friendly greeting and always keep it d eep in your heart. Page 6—9 VocabularyI.Explain the und erlined part in each sentence in your own words.1.When I was ten I sudd enly found myself faced with the anguish of movingfrom the only home.2.…they all share the same characteristic: sadness.3.…in that place in your heart where summer is an everlasting season.4.Don’t ever l et yourself overcome by the sadness and the loneliness of thatword.5.Take that special hello and keep it in your mind and d on’t ever forget it.II.Fill in the blank in each sentence with a word or phrase taken from the box in itsappropriate form.a.instead 2. Confronted with 3. lock away 4. well ed up5. summon6. brief7. stared8.whispering9. evil 10. give inIII. Choose a word or phrase that best compl etes each of the foll owing sentences. 1—4 D B B B 5 – 8 A D B CIV. Fill in each blank with one of the two words from each pair in its appropriate form and note the difference in meaning between them.1.shudd er & shakea.shakingb. shudd eredc. shakingd. shuddered2.answer & reply1.answer b. reply c. reply d. answeredmon & generala.generalb. generalc. general; commond. common4.small & tinya.smallb. tinyc. tinyd. small5.Give a synonym or an antonym of the word underlined in each sentence inthesense it is used.IV.anguish: pain, grief, sorrow, agonyV.softly: l oudly, harshly, roughlyVI.sadness: sorrow, grief, dismayVII.conspicuously: inconspicuously, unnoticeablyVIII.tiny: small, littleIX.part: meet, gatherX.gravely: seriously, severely, hopelesslyXI.brief: l engthy, l ong6.Fill in the blank in each sentence with an appropriate form of the givencapitalized word in brackets.1.industrial2. d escription3. suspicion4.assistant5. unempl oyed6. proof7.examination 8. FartherPage 10—12 Grammarpl ete the foll owing sentences using the simpl e past, past progressive orpastperfect.a.were bathing; were looking; were playingb.was sitting; was readingc.was leaving; was; arrived; l earned; had l eft; found; had usedd.were playing; heard; hid; tooke.was cycling; stepped; was going; managed; didn’t hitf.gave; thanked; said; had enjoyed; knew; had not read; wereg.had played; reached; enteredh.was running; struckpl ete the foll owing passage with the proper form of the verbs given.l eft; spent; had been travelling; appeared; was; were crossing; coul d; arrived; was sleeping; stopped; came; were getting; was; had not arrived; woul d beIII.Correct the errors, where found, in the foll owing sentences.1.talked →was talking2.√3.had remembered →remembered4.was working →had been working5.had resigned →resigned6.√7.√8.√IV.Fill in each blank with the proper form of the verb in brackets.1.take2. to play3. lifted4. barking5. played6.to say7. beaten8.bite; slither9. drop 10. lying V.Rewrite the foll owing sentences according to the exampl e.1.Poor as/though he was, he was honest.2.Terribl e as/though the storm, we continued our journey.3.Hard as/though he tried, he was unabl e to make much progress.4.Tired as/though I was, I went on working.5.Much as I would like to help you, I’m afraid I’m simply too busy at themoment.6.Much as I admired him as a writer, I d o not like him as a man.7.Strong as/though he was, Tom coul dn’t lift it.8.Bravely as/though they fought, they had no chance of winning.Page 13 Translation1.Translate the foll owing sentences into Chinese.a)我十岁那年,突然要搬家,从我唯一知道的家搬走,心中痛苦万分.b)我们似乎有许多不同的方式说再见,但它们都有一个共同之处, 那就是令人感到悲哀.c)有一天,一场可怕的战争爆发了,我的儿子,就像许许多多的儿子, 离乡背井与极大的邪恶战斗去了.d)我在自己的心灵深处搜寻那些构成我们友谊的特殊感情.2.Translate the foll owing sentences into English, using the words andphrases given in brackets.1.He has prepared answers to the questions that he expects to confront duringthe interview.2.His sad story touched us so d eeply that we nearly cried.3.The two of them are walking hand in hand along the riverbank, chatting andlaughing.4.When he heard the exciting news, tears of joy welled up in his eyes.5.Peopl e from Shanghai can und erstand Suzhou dial ect with ease, for Shanghaidial ect and Suzhou dial ect have much in common.6.Henry and his wife are l ooking into the possibility of buying a new housewithin three years.7.He finally gave in to his daughter’s repeated requests to further her educationabroad.8.We l ocked all our valuabl es away before we went on holiday.9.Although we have parted from each other, I hope that we’ll remain goodfriends and that we will care for and help each other just as we did in the past.10.At that critical moment, the army command er summoned all the officers towork out new strategies and tactics which would make it possibl e to conquer the enemy.Integrated skillsI. DictationThroughout history / the basic unit of almost every human society / has been the family. / Members of the family live together / und er the same roof. / They share the economic burd ens of life / as well as its joys. / The family head usually has consid erabl e influence / in arranging marriages, / selecting careers / and d etermining all important moves and purchases / by any member of the family. / Particularly in conditions / where society or the state / d oes not give aid / and the responsibilities of the family are greater, / this large group / provid es better protection / in times of economic or other emergency.II. Fill in each blank in the passage below with ONE word you think appropriate.ter2.push3.what4.puzzl ed5.custom6.because7.hosts8.visitor9.table10.howeverListeningGifts and CulturesNarrator: In many countries, peopl e give special gifts at certain times. Sometimes the customs seem unusual. For exampl e, in Australia, a birthday cake for a 21-year-old is often shaped like a key. It means the person is an adult and can come home at any time. In parts of Africa, peopl e give a cow as a wedding present, because they believe that a cow can bring good luck to the newly-weds. Before Korean stud ents take university entrance tests, their friends give them sticky rice candy for luck. The friends hope that the stud ents will pass the test and "stick to" the university. The following short conversations will tell you about different customs in China, Argentina, Switzerland, Italy and Japan.Number 1: ChinaWoman: Did I tell you I'm going to China?Man: China? Great.Woman: Yes. I'm going to Shanghai on business. I have to buy some gifts. Man: Good id ea. What are you going to take?Woman: I was thinking of bringing some handkerchiefs. They're col orful, beautiful? also lightweight. I d on't want to carry anything heavy.Man: Ah, I d on't think you shoul d give handkerchiefs. They aren't a good gift in Chinese culture.Woman: Why not?Man: A handkerchief is a symbol of saying goodbye.Woman: Saying goodbye?Man: Yeah, like when you're going away ... and peopl e are crying, so they need a handkerchief. Actually, I've heard that one of the best things to give is a dinner -- not a present, but a big dinner. It's good for business.Number 2: ArgentinaWoman: This is interesting. Did you know that in Argentina you shoul d never give clothing unl ess you know the person really well?Man: Don't give clothing? Why not?Woman: Cl othing -- even things like ties -- are too personal. Only good friends give them.Man: Huh? I never thought of a tie as being personal ... just uncomfortabl e. What should you bring?Woman: I d on't know. Maybe something for the house.Number 3: SwitzerlandMan: We're meeting Mr. Mertz and his wife for dinner. Maybe I should take fl owers or something ... Yeah, I'll pick up some red roses.Woman: You'd better not give them roses. In Switzerland, they could be a symbol of l ove and romance.Man: Oh, I didn't know that.Woman: I think candy or chocolate might be better.Number 4: ItalyWoman: I'd like some fl owers. Uh ... those. About ten, I guess.Man: Ma'am, I d on't think you should give ten fl owers. In Italy, even numbers -- 2, 4, 6, and so on -- are bad luck.Woman: Even numbers are bad luck? OK, I'll take nine fl owers then. Number 5: JapanWoman: May I help you?Man: I'm going to stay with a family in Japan. I need to get something for them. Woman: Pen sets are always a good gift.Man: Oh, that's a good id ea. Let's see ... There are sets with a pen and pencil ... and bigger sets with four pens.Woman: You said you're going to Japan?Man: Yeah.Woman: Don't give a set of four pens -- in fact, d on't give four of anything. Man: Why not?Woman: The Japanese word for "four" sounds like the word for "d eath." It's bad luck.Man: Thanks for telling me. I'll take the pen and pencil set.Woman: Good choice. These sets make very good gifts. After all, pens write in any language!Man: Uh ... yeah. Right.Key Unit 2 The Fun They HadText ComprehensionI. AII. 1. T 2. F 3. T 4. F 5. TIII.IV.1. Her mother asked the County Inspector to come over.2. The mechanical teacher worked out the mark very quickly.3. Tommy l ooked at Margie with an air which suggested he knew far better about school than others.4. A teacher has to make necessary changes about what to teach and how to teach so as to meet the needs of different pupils.VocabularyI.1. have finished reading2. by l ooking from behind his should er3. is capabl e of providing4. asked the Country Inspector to come over5. disassembl ed the machine / mechanic teacher6. didn’t like / want toII.1. in no time2. crinkly3. scornful4. neighbourhood5. awfully6. adjusting7. tuck8. nonchalantly9. punched 10. fitIII.1. D2. A3. B4. B5. A6. C7. C8. BIV1. a. funny b. interesting c. interesting d. funnyFunny is a very informal word, focusing mainly on whatever results in laughter because of od dness, abnormality, or inappropriateness. Interesting refers to something that that attracts peopl e’s attention, usually because it is exciting, unusual and d eserves their observation and study.2. a. silent b. silent c. still d. stillStill, suggests an unruffled or tranquil state, and often refers to a moment of calm between periods of noise and movement, and during this moment there is no sign of activity. Silent simply means becoming speechl ess or being without noise; itd oes not necessarily suggest serenity or motionlessness.3. a. dispute b. arguing c. disputing d. arguingDispute is often used as a transitive verb, meaning to say that something is incorrect or untrue, to fight passionately for control or ownership of something. Argue usually refers to a reasoned presentation of views or to a heated exchange of opinion; very often when used intransitively, it is foll owed by prepositions like “with,”“for/against,”“about” etc.4. a. usual b. usual c. Regular d. regularUsual is applied to whatever recurs frequently and steadily, referring to natural happenings as well as to occurrences based on the customs of the community or the habits of an individual, whil e regular emphasizes a conformity to the established or natural ord er of things, referring to events that happen often, or events that have equal amounts of time between them, so that they happen at the same time, for exampl e, each day or each week.V.1. Synonym: actual, genuine, true2. Antonym: moving, movabl e, mobile, restl ess3. Synonym: rough, coarse, uneven4. Antonym: like, l ove, enjoy5. Synonym: disdainful, contemptuous6. Antonym: inferior, subordinate, secondary7. Synonym: indifferently, col dly, coolly, casually, offhand edly8. Antonym: irregular, uncertain, rand omVI.1. pointl ess2. reproduction3. unreliabl e4. generosity5. apol ogetic6. disobedience7. empl oyer…empl oyees8. encouragement GrammarI.1. the, the2. a3. a, a, /4. a5. the6. /, the7. The, the, /8. the, the9. a, a, a 10. a, a, aII.1. /, /, /2. /3. the, /4. the, /5. /, /6. The7. the8. the, the9. the, / 10. /III.1. light2. a noise3. very good weather4. bad luck5. presid ent6. The vegetabl es7. war8. All the books9. coffee 10. poetryIV.1. /2. the3. /4. the5. the6. /7. /8. theV.1. A Briton falls to his d eath on the Matterhorn.2. An Olympic silver medalist dies in a crash.3. Callaghan recalls the British Ambassad or from Chil e.4. The army ends the chaos in the capital.5. A coll ege stud ent wins the first prize.TranslationI.1. 玛吉的爷爷曾经说过，小时候他的爷爷告诉他，过去故事都是印刷在纸上的。

Unit One Ways of LearningTeaching Objectives of this Unit:Students will be able to:1.grasp the main idea (that it would be ideal if we can strike a balance between the Chinese andthe Western learning styles) and structure of the text (introduction of the topic by an anecdote―elaboration by comparison and contrast― conclusion by a suggestion);2.appreciate the difference between comparison and contrast, as well as different ways to compareand contrast (point-by-point method or one-side-at-a-time method);3.master the key language points and grammatical structures in the text;4.conduct a series of reading, listening, speaking and writing activities related to the theme of thisunit.Previewing Tasks:T asks Ss to:1.get familiar with the following important words and expressions in Text A, which will enablethem to understand the text better: attach, initial, occasion, neglect, relevant, accomplish, in due course, make up for, continual, evolve, emerge, superior;2.pre-read Text A and try to find out the differences in education between China and America. Ssare also encouraged to collect more information on this issue from some after-class materials; 3.finish the comprehension questions for text organization on p. 10 of the textbook.First Period（90minutes）I. Cultural Notes:(1) Middle-class American: the old urban middle class consisted mainly of white collar workers and owners of the family businesses and their employees. They focused the majority of the middle class before 1945. The new middle class emerged out of the ashes of wartime destruction and consisted of salaried workers, blue collar, white collar, store clerks, shop keepers, regardless of the line of business they were in, all joined the ranks of the new middle-class which is between the very wealthy class and the class of unskilled laborers and unemployed people.(2) Standing on the shoulders of giants: a well-known phrase frequently employed by inventors to express modesty about their achievements. The suggestion is that while they have been able to see further than those who came before them, it is not because they themselves are intellectual giants. Rather it is because they have been able to build upon the accumulated discoveries of their great predecessors.II. A discussion for leading to Text A:1. If you find a two-year-old boy is trying to put a key into a box, will you help him immediately?---- Of course. He is too small to know how to do it---- No. let him do it and learn by trying.2.Can you recall how your parents taught you in your childhood? Did they like to teach you by holding your hand?---- (stories in their childhood)----Yes, I like it. I knew nothing as a little child and their help could give me a convenient way to achieve what I wanted.---- No, I don’t like it. Doing by myself could help me to grasp the things tightly.3. Which way did you prefer when you were in trouble with one of your toys in your childhood, turning to your parents for help, or exploring by yourselves?---- turning to my parents for help, because I was too young to know how to manage it.---- exploring by myself, like Kevin in Home Alone.4.Can you list some features of education in China based on the above discussions? Can youIn a broad sense, education is a kind of cultural phenomenon. Therefore, when we compare Sino-American education systems, it is indispensable to investigate the two cultures first, for it is the different cultures that lead to the differences in education. Knowing that, on the one hand, the core of Chinese education, though in varied forms, is given to the accumulation of knowledge and the construction of learning system and the aim of education is in molding, while on the American side, priority is given to fostering student’s ability to make practical application of knowledge learnt and boldness in innovations, creativity, originality, and the aim of its education is in perfection of his/her personality for the future happiness, you’ll find it is not hard to understand such common occurrences in text A or in daily life as why many Chinese staff would like to assist Benjamin to insert the key into the slot.III. Text Organization (exercise on P. 10):An essay is usually made up of three parts: a beginning where the topic is introduced; the body part where the topic is elaborated on, and a conclusion. This text is no exception:Part one: (Para.1—5) Topic introduced by an anecdote of teaching a child to insert a key into a slot. Part two: (Para.6—12) The differences in education between China and America.Point 1: Two different ways to learn to accomplish a task (Para.6—10)Point 2: Two different attitudes to creativity and skills (Para 11—12)Part three: (Para. 13—14) Conclusion: The author suggests that we might strike a better balance between the two contrary ways of education.(Teachers can draw the following chart on the blackboard to help the students be clear of the structure of Text A :)Chinese way↗↘Incident →→→difference in education →→→ conclusion↘American way ↗IV. Study in detail:Part one (Para. 1-5):1.Skimming: T asks Ss to skim this part and then answer the following questions:① Where and when did the incident take place? (Jinling Hotel in Nanjing, spring 1987)② Who are the main characters in this incident? (The author, his wife Ellen, their son Benjamin and the hotel staff)③ What is the attitude of the author and his wife towards Benjamin’s efforts in inserting the key into the slot? (They let him explore and enjoy himself)④ What is the attitude of the hotel staff toward Benjamin’s efforts? (They held his hand and taught him how to insert the key correctly)2. Language points in this part:1) reflect on: think deeply about, remind oneself of, considerI need time to reflect on your offer.2) attach: fasten or joinThe porter attached a label to my suitcase.She was strongly attached to her home.3)…to position the key just so:to position the key carefully to fit into the narrow key slot4) not in the least: not at allAnn didn't seem in the least concerned about her study5) on occasion: now and thenSteve spent almost all his time doing his research, but, on occasion, he would take his son to see a film.6) relevant: directly connected with the subject (followed by to, opposite irrelevant)Be related to / be associated with / be connected with / be concerned with7）assist: help (used in the pattern: assist sb. to do sth. , assist sb. with sth. )The head teacher’s deputy assists with many of his duties.3. T tells Ss that there are many ways of introducing a topic: ① to state the topic directly; ② to introduce the topic by posing a question (e.g. Text A, Unit 6, Book1: What Animals Really Think?);③to begin by quoting newspaper headlines (e.g. Text B, Unit 3, Book 1: How to Make Sense out of Science); ④an anecdote or an incident is used. Ss should decide which way is adopted by Howard Gardner, and T should drive home to them the very important point that they should learn to vary their own writing by adopting various types of topic introduction.V. Assignments:1. read the left two parts of text A in detail, pick out the sentences that can not easily understand.2. finish exercise 2 on P. 11, so as to get a better understanding of the differences in approaches to learning between the Chinese and Americans.Second Period (90minutes)I. Dictation:In a broad sense, education is a kind of cultural phenomenon. Therefore, when we compare Sino-America education systems, it is necessary to investigate the two cultures first, for it is the different cultures that lead to the difference in education. The Chinese give great priority to showing a child how to accomplish a task; In contrast, the Americans attach much importance to fostering students’ ability to make practical application of the knowledge and to encouraging them to be bold in innovation, creativity and originality.II. Part two:1. T asks Ss to scan this part quickly and then try to figure out the structure of this part:Para. 6-7: different explanations of the Chinese and the Americans for helping the children(Chinese: accomplish the task sooner, and they can proceed to more complex activities; Americans: self-reliance is a principle value of child rearing in middle-class American.)Para. 8-10: two different ways to learn.Para. 11-12: two different attitudes towards creativity and skills.2. T guides Ss to further discuss the differences in detail (check of assignment No.2):In this part, the author just gives his own thoughts on different approaches to leaning in China and the West based on the anecdote mentioned in the first part. Ss are supposed to sum up the differences in approaches to learning between the Chinese and Americans, including the two different ways to learn and two different attitudes towards creativity and skills as suggested by thecontrast (a comparison brings out the similarities between two or more things of the same kind, while a contrast the differences between them).3. T further explains to Ss that there are generally two ways to organize comparison and contrast in essays. One way is to examine one subject thoroughly and then start the other (one-side-at-a-time method), and the other way is to examine two subjects at the same time, discussing them point by point (point-by-point method). Then T asks Ss to scan Para. 6-7 and Para.11-13 respectively and decide what method of comparison and contrast are used here (one-side-at-a-time method for Para. 6-7 and point-by-point method for Para.11-13).4. Language points in this part:1) accomplish: manage to do (sth.)Unless you practice you’ll accomplish nothing.2) continual: describing separate actions which are repeated over a period of time.Recently the young couple have continual arguments with each other for trifles.continuous: indicating that an action carries on without stopping or interruptionA continuous beach is exposed to the beating of continual waves.3) apply: ① be relevant; have an effect ( used in the pattern apply to sb/sth)The principle of diligence applies to all undergoing② write a letter or fill in a form in order to ask formally for sth. (used in the pattern: apply for sth.. apply to do sth.)4) evolve: (cause to) develop gradually ;( used in the pattern evolve into, evolve from)The story evolves into a tragedy.Popular music evolves from folk songs.5) emerge: come out (followed by from)Emergence, n.出现emergency, n. 紧急情况，不测事件，非常时刻6) Sentences:① He may well get frustrated and angry. (line 39)may或might与well连用，表示有充分的理由，完全（能），（满）可以。

上外大学英语综合教程一Unit 2 The Fun They HadKey to the ExercisesText ComprehensionIV. Explain in your own words the following sentences.1.Her mother asked the County Inspector to come over.2.The mechanical teacher worked out the mark very quickly.3.Tommy looked at Margie with an air which suggested he knew far better about school thanothers/loftily.4. A teacher has to make necessary changes about what to teach and how to teach so as to meetthe different needs of different pupils.TranslationI. Translate the following sentences into Chinese.1.玛吉的爷爷曾经说过，小时候他的爷爷告诉他，过去的故事都是印刷在纸上的。

2.他们翻阅那些旧得泛黄，皱巴巴的书页，阅读那些一动不动的单词真是好玩极了。

那些单词并没有象我们平时看到的那样在屏幕上滚动。

3.这个机器老师一直在接二连三地让她做些地理测验，但她越做越糟糕。

结果她的母亲伤心地摇摇头，请来了县视察员。

4.玛吉希望他无法将机器重新组装起来，但他还是成功了。

过了个把小时，机器又好了，硕大的黑色机器，奇丑无比，有个大大的屏幕，所有的课程和问题全都显示在上面。

II. Translate the following sentences into English, using the words and phrases given in brackets.1.Yesterday a government delegation headed by the Minister of Foreign Affairs arrived in SouthAfrica and began a three-day friendly visit to the country.2.It is awfully funny to look at these caricatures which satirize social ills.puters are one of the most useful teaching aids, for all your lessons as well as all thequestions asked and all the answers provided can be shown on a screen.4.Zhang Li’s mother fell ill suddenly the day before yesterday; he sent for a doctor immediately.5.He failed in the college entrance examination last year, but he did not feel disappointed.Instead, he continued to study hard, passed the examination successfully and became a student in a famous university this year.6.There are many English words that this middle school student cannot pronounce correctly.7.In this era of information explosion, we have to make constant efforts to renew our knowledge.Only thus can we become adjusted to the requirements of our work.8.With his shirt tucked into the top of his trousers and a leather bag tucked under his arm, theboy looked just like a boss.9.Although she is only 8 years old, the little is already very good at calculating fractions. Nowonder her parents feel proud of her.10.All the neighborhood have heard of the news, but you haven’t. Don’t you think it is strange?DictationChildren learn almost nothing from television, / and the more they watch, / the less they remember. / They regard television purely as entertainment, / resent programs that make demands on them / and are surprised that anybody should take the medium seriously. / Far from being over-excited by programs, / they are mildly bored with the whole thing. / These are the main conclusions from a new study of children and television. / Its author confirms / that the modern child is a dedicated viewer. / The study suggests / that there is little point in the television company's attempts / to isolate adult viewing in the later hours. / More than a third of the children regularly watched their programs after 9 p.m. / All 11-year-olds had watched programs after midnight.ListeningFrom Television Back to GamesA. Listen carefully. Supply the missing words. For each blank you need to write three words.In a society where everyone is so fortunate as to be able to spend a lot of money on entertainment, most of us end up with either in front of a television or spending time with our family and friends playing a game of some kind. While television is probably the most popular form of home entertainment , there is a small group of us who still believe board games offer the most enjoyment . They offer us a variety of ways to learn new information , to test your skills, and most importantly, to bring us together .Instead of watching television all the time, people are finding that board games give us the outlet to test our skills and knowledge against each other. They are putting their remote controls away and giving up their “Executive Couch Potato”, and gathering around the kitchen table for an exciting game. I would much pretend that I’m a millionaire, playing for the high stakes, rather than watch someone else on a grass tube pretending to be one. It’s more exciting , less expensive, and best of all, I spend the time with real and interesting people.B. Listen again and complete the following chart, which shows the difference between television。

Test 2 Unit 1 School LifeA.VocabularyEmphasizing social play and students helping one another in kindergarten improves academic outcomes,self-control and attention regulation, finds new UBC research. The study, published in the journal PLoS One, found this approach to kindergarten curriculum also (1)__________children's joy in learning and teachers' enjoyment of teaching.“Before children have the ability to sit for long pe riods (2)___________ information,they need to be allowed to be(3) __________ and be encouraged to learn by doing,” said Dr.Adele Diamond,the study's lead author. “Indeed, people of all ages learn better by doing than by being told.”Through a controlled experiment, Diamond and her colleagues(4)__________ the effectiveness of a curriculum called Tools of the Mind (Tools). The curriculum was introduced to willing kindergarten teachers and 351 children with different backgrounds in 18 public schools.Tools was developed in 1993 by two American researchers. Its basic (5)__________ is that social-emotional development and improving self-control is as important as teaching academic skills and content. The Tools(6) __________ the role of social play in developing skills such as self-control, selective attention and planning. “Skills like self-control and selective attention are necessary for learning. They are often more strongly associated with school readiness than intelligence quotient (IQ),"said Diamo nd. “This expe riment is the first to show (7)__________ of a curriculum emphasizing social play.”Teachers reported more(8) __________ behavior and greater sense of community in Tools classes. Late is the school year, Tools teachers reported they still felt(9) __________ and excited about teaching, while teachers in the control group were exhausted.“I have enjoyed seeing the (10)__________ progress my students have made in writing and reading.” said a Tools teacher in Vancouver. “I have also enjoyed see ing the students get so excited about coming to school and learning. They loved all the activities so much that many students didn't want to miss school, even if they were sick.”B.ReadingFREE HomeschoolingIf you are reading this page you are looking into homeschooling. YAHOO! So proud of you for taking the road less traveled for your kids. It may not always be easy, but it is rewarding! 123 Home-school4Me is here to help you on your journey! We've got lots of tips, resources, and over a million pages of FREE Home-school worksheets, games and lesson plans to help you provide a solid, fun, and affordable education for your kids!Let me walk you through some homeschooling basics and how 123Homeschool4Me can help you home-school!Why HomeschoolingFor some it is a better education, impact of being socialized at school, passing on your faith, spending more time with your kids, helping your child with a special need, making learning fun, or any number of other reasons. Keep reminding yourself WHY you choose to home-school andmak e that your primary focus.How to Home-schoolDecided to Home-school after much careful research and thought25 Reasons Why We Love HomeschoolingFind out the legal requirements to home-school in your state-every state has different requirements that you must follow to home-school legally-Homeschooling Laws in your State Follow any and all legal requirements to home-school legally (see above)Pick a curriculum - you have tons of choices to fit your family and childrenHow to Choose a Home-school CurriculumOur Curriculum ChoicesPlan your school year-with any state regulations in mind, pick when your school will start end, take breaks, what days of the week you will meet and for how long, and what pace you need to go through your curriculum to finish in a year.Use these Free Home-school Forms to organize your yearHow to Home-school in 15 Hours a WeekDon't Home-school alone! Just because you aren't sending your kids to public or private school doesn't mean they won't be with others from outside your family.Getting Social in Your Home-schoolStart teaching your child-You taught your child how to use the bathroom and put on their shoes. You can do this! Just dive in!Okay, so that was super simplified, I know! But really that is all you need to start with.Make sure to read the links above for more information on each point.How to Start HomeschoolingMake Home-school FUN and Affordable! This is comes in! Mom leaves little time to think of fun, creative educational activities that make concepts stick. Plus, the cost to buy cool games and additional worksheets for every little skill can be unacceptable!We've got you covered! This site is filled with thousands of creative ideas and 1,000,000+ FREE educational print-ables to make learning fun!1.According to the above material, 123Homeschool4Me is probably __________A. a websiteB. a counselorC. a magazineD. an advertisement2. Which of the following might be a reason for parents to choose homeschooling?A. Restoring the child's faith.B. Getting social in the home-schoolC. Challenging the road less traveled.D. Tailoring the courses to kids' needs.3. 123Homeschool4Me is likely to be quite appealing to the readers due to __________.A. simplified lesson plans and fun activitiesB. interesting games and affordable worksheetsC. free teaching resources and practical suggestionsD. changeless curriculum plans and free homeschooling。

UNIT 2First PeriodPreview task:Read text B and try to understand what the true friends are.Pre-Reading1. Questions and AnswersQ(1)What is a fair weather friend?A(1) A fair weather friend is one who is happy to stay with you when things are going well but leaves as soon as trouble arrives.Q(2)How can friend and friendship be defined?Friends(A):A friend is one to whom one may pour out all the contents of one’s heart, chaff（谷壳）and grain together, knowing that gentle hands will take and sift (筛，过滤) them, keep what is worth keeping, and with a breath of kindness, blow the rest away.---------- George Eliot (1819~1880), English novelist(B):A friend is a person with whom I may be sincere. Before him, I may think aloud.- --------- Ralph Waldo Emerson (1803~1882), American poet and philosopher(C):A true friend is one who overlooks your failures and tolerates your successes.----------- Doug Larson (1902~1981), English middle-distance runnerFriendship(A):True friendship is like sound health; the value of it is seldom known until it is lost.---------- Charles Caleb Colton (1780~1832), English author and clergyman(B):Friendship is a ship big enough to carry two in fair weather, but only one in foul（天气恶劣的）.--------- Ambrose Bierce (1842~1914), American author and journalist, from The Devil’s Dictionary(C):Friendship is a treasure that always helps us overcome any kind of difficulty.Friendship is a comfort which always understands worries and emotions.Friendship is a blessing because it teaches the way to live.------------ UnknownQ(3)Can you give some examples of great friendship?Marx and EnglesMarx valued Engels’ friendship so highly that he once said he loved and admired his friend very much. Engels had been aiding Marx who suffered greatly from bitter poverty. Were it not for the help Marx obtained from Engels, Marx would hardly have been able to overcome poverty and he surely would not have left behind him a monument.W ord W ebThe stories in this unit are about friendship. Write down five words which you would use if you were writing a poem on this subject.durable long-standing enduring lifelong genuine help generous everlasting intimate close warm trust perpetualWhile-readingAs for “friend” or “friendship”, a sentence may occur to us --- “A friend in need is a friend indeed.” It tells us the real meaning of “friendship” and the reason why it has always been the theme of some great writers and some art works. The stories between real friends often made us moved deeply, and at the same time, almost all of us long for truehearted friendship. Text B is a story about the genuine friendship between two old men, and what happened to them in this text made us ponder over the problem that what we will do when our friends get in trouble.Text B Never Let A Friend DownPart 1. ask the student to read the text and get information about the main charactersBill : 79- year-old, thin but strong, look far younger than his age, now he was living by himself 12 miles east of the town and he scraped a living hunting foxes and rabbitsRoyce: 59-year-old, had a bad leg and walked with difficulty, helped run the Wedding family’s farmBill and Royce had been best of friends for 30 years, ever since the days when they traveled together fromfarm to farm in search of work.. Bill caught up with Royce once a fortnight.This narrative mainly gives us an account of how a pair of best friends survived a fire disaster.Once Bill helped Royce burn off the weeds on one of his fields. Unfortunately, they ran into a big trouble.Part 2. assign the students to describe the danger they face (para5-9)After setting a fire to the weeds, they were in danger: Royce’s car plowed into a hidden bank of sand and the fire headed directly toward them. After a while, they were surrounded by flames. At this crucial time, Royce was found pinned against the steering wheel.Part 3. How did they survive a fire disaster?(Para 10-12 is about the detail of what Bill did for his friend.)Bill never let a friend down, dragging Royce away from the burning c ar as hard as he could. To save Royce’s life, Bill went out of his way of getting help from his home. The twin pillars of character--- never give up no matter how bad the odds and never let friend down--- determined him to save his friend’s life. At last t hey made it.Part 4. the result( after the accident)They survived this accident but Both of them were injured seriously. Tell sth about their injuries. (para13-14) Royce’s stomach and left hip were covered in deep burns. His fingers were burned completely out of shape.Bill was in equally bad shape. Pieces of blackened flesh and skin hung from his forearms, hands and legs.Bill was presented with the Bravery Medal at Government House, but his best reward came when he was praised by his friend Royce.Homework:(1).Q: Choose some sentences from the text and retell this accident. (ask students one by one to finish this task.) A: (L.14) Soon they were bumping over a sandy track to the weed-choked 120-acre field.(L.17) Bill soaked the tire with gasoline, then he put a match to it and jumped in the car.(L.22) The breeze suddenly swung around to their backs and began to gather strength.(L.24) “Let’s get out of here!” Royce said.(L.21&25) But the car plowed into a hidden bank of sand, and they couldn’t back it out of the sand bank.(L.28.) The gasoline tank exploded.(L.30) (After the explosion,) Royce was pinned against the steering wheel and unable to move.(L.32) Bill was breathless and unable to move, too.(2). preview the text A and try to get the main ideaSecond period:Part5.Assign the student to retell the storyPart6. Detailed explanation of text B:(1) Attentions to the vivid description of the fireFanned to the white heat, the fire line suddenly burst into a wall of flame, heading directly towards them.The fire bit at Bill’s arms, face and legs, but he…………..The car was eaten by flames.……………….(2)Attentions to the verbs in the textThe car pitched violently forward, plowing into a hidden bank of sandPara 8, 9 and 15As soon as he had dragged him away he patted out the flames…………………….(3) Important sentences:L.27 Suddenly the fire was on them. Bill pushed open his door only to find himself flung through the air as, with a roar, the gasoline tank exploded and the car leapt three feet off the ground.①only to find only + 动词不定式，表示一种出乎意料的结果②find oneself + 现在分词/过去分词表示不知不觉地发现自己在做某事③with a roarL.55. A lifetime spent around the tough people (who make their home in the Australian bush) had permanently fixed into Bill’s soul two principles: never give up [no matter how bad the odds] and never let [a friend] down.①A lifetime had fixed two principles into Bill’s soul.② no matter how bad the odds③ never give up no matter how bad the odds and never let a friend down④ a lifetime (that was) spent around the tough people⑤ people who make their home in the Australian bush⑥一辈子与居住在澳大利亚灌木地带的那些刚强的硬汉一起生活的人生经历，将两条准则永久地铭刻在比尔心头：无论多么艰难，决不泄气，决不抛弃朋友。