Application of Materials Studio modeling in crystal structure

material studioMaterial StudioIntroduction:Material Studio is a versatile software package that is designed for modeling, visualizing, and analyzing various materials at the atomic and molecular level. It is a powerful tool for researchers and scientists in the field of materials science, chemistry, and engineering to study the properties and behavior of different materials. This document aims to provide an overview of Material Studio, its features, and its applications.Features:1. Material Modeling: Material Studio provides a wide range of tools and modules for modeling different materials. It allows users to construct molecular structures, simulate their behavior under various conditions, and analyze their properties. The software supports various modeling techniques such as molecular dynamics, Monte Carlo simulations, and quantum chemistry calculations.2. Visualization: Material Studio offers advanced visualization capabilities that enable users to visualize and explore the structures and properties of materials. It provides a variety of tools for rendering 3D structures, generating molecular graphics, and creating interactive visualizations. The software supports interactive plot creation, molecular animations, and high-resolution rendering.3. Property Analysis: Material Studio includes a wide range of tools for analyzing the properties of materials. It allows users to calculate various properties such as energy, force field parameters, thermodynamic properties, and electronic properties. The software also provides tools for analyzing crystal structures, calculating phase diagrams, and predicting material properties based on empirical models.4. Database Integration: Material Studio allows users to access various material databases and integrate them with their modeling and analysis workflows. It provides tools to search, retrieve, and import experimental and theoretical data from databases such as the Cambridge Structural Database, Materials Project, and NIST databases. The software also enables users to create and share their own material databases.Applications:1. Drug Discovery: Material Studio plays a crucial role in drug discovery by enabling researchers to model and analyze the interactions between drugs and biological targets. It allows users to predict drug binding affinities, optimize drug structures, and study drug-protein interactions. The software also provides tools for virtual screening, ligand docking, and molecular dynamics simulations.2. Nanotechnology: Material Studio is widely used in the field of nanotechnology to study the properties of nanomaterials and nanostructures. It enables researchers to simulate and analyze the behavior of nanoparticles, nanotubes, and nanowires. The software provides tools for calculating electronic properties, mechanical properties, and optical properties of nanostructures.3. Catalysis: Material Studio is extensively used in the study of catalysis to understand the mechanisms and kinetics of chemical reactions. It allows researchers to model and analyze the behavior of catalysts and reaction intermediates. The software provides tools for simulating reaction pathways, calculating reaction energies, and predicting catalytic activity.4. Energy Materials: Material Studio is valuable for the study of energy materials such as batteries, fuel cells, and solar cells. It enables researchers to model and analyze the properties ofmaterials used in energy conversion and storage devices. The software provides tools for simulating electrochemical processes, calculating charge transfer energies, and optimizing material structures for improved performance.Conclusion:Material Studio is a comprehensive software package that offers powerful tools for modeling, visualizing, and analyzing materials at the atomic and molecular level. Its wide range of features and applications make it an indispensable tool for researchers and scientists in the field of materials science. Whether it is for drug discovery, nanotechnology, catalysis, or energy materials research, Material Studio provides the necessary tools to advance scientific understanding and accelerate the development of new materials and technologies.。

铁基块体非晶合金-纳米晶转变的动力学模拟过程Discover模块1 原子力场的分配在使用Discover模块建立基于力场的计算中，涉及几个步骤。

主要有：选择力场、指定原子类型、计算或指定电荷、选择non-bond cutoffs。

在这些步骤中，指定原子类型和计算电荷一般是自动执行的。

然而，在某些情形下需要手动指定原子类型。

原子定型使用预定义的规则对结构中的每个原子指定原子类型。

在为特定的系统确定能量和力时，定型原子使工作者能使用正确的力场参数。

通常，原子定型由Discover使用定型引擎的基本规则来自动执行，所以不需要手动原子定型。

然而，在特殊情形下，人们不得不手动的定型原子，以确保它们被正确地设置。

图 3-11）计算并显示原子类型：点击Edit→Atom Selection，如图所示弹出对话框，如图所示从右边的…的元素周期表中选择Fe，再点Select，此时所建晶胞中所有Fe原子都将被选中，原子被红色线圈住即表示原子被选中。

再编辑集合，点击Edit→Edit Sets，如图所示弹出对话框见图，点击New...，给原子集合设定一个名字。

这里设置为Fe，则3D视图中会显示“Fe”字样，再分配力场：在工具栏上点击Discover按钮，从下拉列表中选择Setup，显示Discover Setup对话框，选择Typing选项卡。

图3-2 Discover Setup对话框Typing选项卡在Forcefield types里选择相应原子力场，再点Assign（分配）按钮进行原子力场分配。

注意原子力场中的价态要与Properties Project里的原子价态（Formalcharge）一致。

2力场的选择1）Energy力场的选择：力场是经典模拟计算的核心，因为它代表着结构中每种类型的原子与围绕着它的原子是如何相互作用的。

对系统中的每个原子，力场类型都被指定了，它描述了原子的局部环境。

力场包括描述属性的不同的信息，如平衡键长度和力场类型对之间的电子相互作用。

As an artist, I am currently seeking models to participate in a series of live figure drawing sessions. These sessions are an integral part of my creative process and are essential for the development of my art. If you are interested in becoming a model, please consider the following details:1. Eligibility: Individuals of all body types, ethnicities, and ages are welcome to apply. I am particularly interested in capturing the diversity of the human form.2. Compensation: Models will be compensated for their time. The rate will be discussed during the initial interview and will be commensurate with industry standards.3. Schedule: Sessions will be held at my studio, located in the heart of the city. The schedule is flexible, but I prefer to work in the late afternoons and evenings, as well as on weekends.4. Responsibilities: Models are expected to maintain a variety of poses for extended periods, typically ranging from 5 to 30 minutes. Breaks will be provided between poses.5. Comfort: The studio is a comfortable and professional environment. Models are encouraged to bring any items that may help them feel more at ease, such as a book, music, or a blanket.6. Confidentiality: All models will be treated with the utmost respect, and their privacy will be strictly maintained. The artwork created during these sessions will not be used for any commercial purposes without the models consent.7. Application Process: To apply, please send a brief introduction about yourself, including your age, height, and any experience you may have as a model. Include a few recent photos that showcase your appearance from different angles.8. Contact Information: Interested applicants should reach out to me via email at or through the contact form on my website,.9. Deadline: The application process is ongoing, but I am particularly looking to fill positions for the upcoming month. Early applications are encouraged.10. Additional Opportunities: Models who excel in the figure drawing sessions may be invited to participate in more complex projects, such as themed art installations or collaborative exhibitions.I look forward to meeting and working with a diverse group of individuals who are interested in contributing to the world of art through their unique presence.。

194Univ. Chem. 2020, 35 (9), 194−197收稿：2019-08-11；录用：2019-10-18；网络发表：2019-10-31*通讯作者，Email: chenxin830107@基金资助：四川省教育厅高等教育人才培养质量和教学改革重点项目(X2018JGZDA016，X2018JGZDA005)；西南石油大学高等教育教学改革研究重点项目(X2018JGZDI015)•自学之友• doi: 10.3866/PKU.DXHX201908009 Materials Studio 和VESTA 等软件在电化学教学中的应用陈鑫*，张辉西南石油大学化学化工学院，成都 610500摘要：在电化学授课过程中应用Materials Studio 和VESTA 等软件对电极材料结构及催化剂催化活性的影响因素等知识点进行辅助教学，使相关的教学内容变得形象、简单。

这不仅激发了学生对电化学课程的学习兴趣，提高了课堂教学效果，更有利于培养学生的科研思维和探索能力。

关键词：计算模拟软件；电化学教学；建模；燃料电池催化中图分类号：G64；O6Application of Materials Studio and VESTA Software Packages in Electrochemistry TeachingXin Chen *, Hui ZhangCollege of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest Petroleum University, Chengdu 610500, P. R. China.Abstract: In teaching electrochemistry, Materials Studio and VESTA softwares are used to assist the teaching of the structure of electrode materials and factors affecting the catalytic activity of catalysts, which makes the relevant teaching content easy to understand. This not only stimulates students’ interest in the course of electrochemistry and improves the classroom teaching effect, but also helps to cultivate students’ scientific thinking and exploration ability.Key Words: Computational simulation software; Electrochemistry teaching; Modeling; Fuel cell catalysis教学和科研是高校教师必不可少的两项工作。

第2章Materials Studio建模2.1界面常用操作2.1.1 Materials Studio的启动从Windows“启动”菜单中选择“程序”Accelrys Materials Studio 4.0| Materials Studio。

如果在桌面上有Materials Studio图标，也可以通过双击图标来启动Materials Studio。

在启动Materials Studio时，首先会出现一个所谓的欢迎界面（Welcome to Materials Studio），必须创建一个新的项目或从对话框中载入一个已经存在的项目。

注意：如果是第一次打开Materials Studio，会看到一个叫做Materials Studio 文件关联的对话框，如果出现这种情况，按照提示点击OK按钮即可。

2.1.2 创建项目在欢迎界面对话框上选择创建一个新的项目，然后点击OK。

然后会出现新建项目对话框，选择要存储文件的位置并且键入“tiejifeijinghejin”作为文件名，然后点击OK。

此时的项目管理器如图2-1所示：图2-1 Project 界面Materials Studio对中文支持不好，命名时最好用英文字母，可以右击点Rename，进行重命名。

2.1.3 输出图像可以将3D Atomistic文件显示的图像作为位图输出，输出的图像可以包含到其它文件中。

位图图像被存储为.bmp格式，可以使用简单的位图编辑器比如Windows的画图进行编辑。

从菜单栏中选择File | Export...显示Export对话框。

点击Export as type文本框右侧的选项箭头，从下拉列表中选择Structure Bitmap （*.bmp）。

一旦选择了位图格式，Options...按钮就被激活了。

点击Options...按钮以显示Bitmap Export Options对话框。

可以调节对话框中的位图图像的像素尺寸以适合相关需求。

MS软件常见问题及解决办法1、问：用MS构造晶体时要先确立空间群,可是那些空间群的代码是啥意思啊,看不懂,我想做的是聚乙烯醇的晶体,嘿嘿,也不知道去哪可以查到它的空间群答：A、要做晶体，首先要查询晶体数据，然后利用晶体数据再建立模型。

晶体数据来源主要是文献，或者一些数据库，比如CCDC。

你都不知道这个晶体是怎么样的，怎么指定空间群呢？要反过来做事情哦：）B、我不知道你指示的代码是数字代码还是字母代码,数字代码它对应了字母的代码，而字母的代码它含盖了一些群论的知识(晶系,对称操作等),如果要具体了解你的物质或者材料属于那一个群，你可以查阅一下相关的手册,当然你要了解一些基本的群论知识.MS自带了一些材料的晶体结构,你可以查询一下.2、问：各位高手，我用ms中的castep进行运算。

无论cpu是几个核心，它只有一个核心在工作。

这个怎么解决呢？答：请先确认以下几个问题：1，在什么系统下装，是否装了并行版本。

2，计算时设置参数的地方是否选择了并行。

3，程序运算时，并不是时时刻刻都要用到多个CPU3、问：我已经成功地安装了MS3.1的Linux版本，串行的DMol3可以成功运行。

但是运行并行的时候出错。

机器是双Xeon5320(四核)服务器，rsh和rlogin均开启，RHEL4.6系统。

其中hosts.equiv的内容如下：localhostibm-consolemachines.LINUX的内容如下：localhost:8现在运行RunDMol3.sh时，脚本停在$MS_INSTALL_ROOT/MPICH/bin/mpirun $nolocal -np $nproc $MS_INSTALL_ROOT/DMol3/bin/dmol3_mpi.exe $rootname$DMOL3_DATA这一处，没法执行这一命令并行运算时，出现以下PIxxxx(x为数字)输出ibm-console 0 /home/www/MSI/MS3.1/DMol3/bin/dmol3_mpi.exelocalhost 3 /home/www/MSI/MS3.1/DMol3/bin/dmol3_mpi.exe请问这是什么原因？谢谢！答：主要是rsh中到ibm-console的没有设置把/etc/hosts改为127.0.0.1 localhost.localdomain localhost ibm-console在后面加个ibm-console也希望对大家有帮助!4、问：在最后结果的dos图中,会显示不同电子spd的贡献,我想问的是,假设MS考虑的原子Mg的电子组态为2p6 3s2,那么最后的dos结果中的s,p是不是就是2p,跟3s的贡献.比如更高能量的3p是否可能出现在dos中?如果可能的话，在这种情况下,如何区分2p和3p的贡献,谢谢.答：A、取决于你的餍势势里面没有3p电子，DOS怎么会有呢？自然，你的1p1s也不会出现在你的DOS中。

materialsstudioMaterials StudioIntroduction:Materials Studio is a comprehensive modeling and simulation software package developed by BIOVIA, a leading provider of scientific software solutions. It is widely used in the field of materials science and engineering to predict and understand the properties and behavior of various materials. This powerful software provides researchers and scientists with a range of tools and capabilities to design, analyze, and optimize materials for a wide variety of applications.Features and Capabilities:Materials Studio offers a wide range of features and capabilities that enable researchers to explore and analyze materials at the atomic and molecular levels. Some of the key features of Materials Studio include:1. Atomic-scale Modeling: Materials Studio allows users to build, visualize, and manipulate atomic structures of different materials. It includes powerful molecular modeling tools that enable the creation and manipulation of complex structures.2. Property Prediction: With Materials Studio, researchers can predict various properties of materials, including mechanical, electronic, and thermodynamic properties. This helps in understanding material behavior under different conditions and designing materials with desired properties.3. Simulation and Modeling: Materials Studio provides a variety of simulation techniques, such as molecular dynamics and Monte Carlo simulations, to study material properties and behavior at different length and time scales. These simulations help in predicting material behavior and understanding the underlying mechanisms.4. Structure-Property Relationships: Materials Studio enables researchers to establish structure-property relationships by analyzing the relationship between material structure and its properties. This helps in designing materials with specific properties based on the desired application requirements.5. Database and Analysis Tools: Materials Studio includes a vast database of materials properties, allowing users to quickly access and analyze experimental and theoretical data. It also provides advanced analysis tools for data visualization and exploration.Applications of Materials Studio:Materials Studio finds applications in various fields, ranging from semiconductor design to drug discovery. Some of the key areas where Materials Studio is extensively used include:1. Nanomaterials: Materials Studio provides tools to study the behavior of nanomaterials, such as carbon nanotubes and nanoparticles. This helps in designing and optimizing nanomaterials for applications in electronics, energy storage, and catalysis.2. Polymers and Composites: Researchers can use Materials Studio to study the properties of polymers and composite materials, enabling the development of new materials with improved properties for applications in automotive, aerospace, and packaging industries.3. Pharmaceuticals: Materials Studio is widely used in the pharmaceutical industry for drug discovery and development. It helps in modeling and simulating drug interactions with various biomolecules to optimize drug design and predict drug behavior.4. Energy Storage: Materials Studio can be used to model and simulate the behavior of materials for energy storage applications, such as batteries and fuel cells. This aids in the development of advanced materials with improved energy storage capabilities.5. Catalysis: Researchers use Materials Studio to explore and optimize catalysts for various industrial processes. This helps in designing catalysts with enhanced activity, selectivity, and stability.Conclusion:Materials Studio is an advanced software package that offers powerful modeling and simulation capabilities for materials science and engineering. Its wide range of features and applications make it a valuable tool for researchers and scientists working in various fields. By enabling the design, analysis, and optimization of materials, Materials Studio plays a significant role in advancing research and development in materials science.。

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Install the Network License Manager Tools . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4Obtain Host Name ID Using LMTools . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4Obtain a Network License File . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4Set Up the Network License File . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6Configure the Network License Server . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7Combining Network License Files . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7Distributed License Server Model . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8Redundant License Server Model . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9Network License Client Setup . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10Licensing from Previous Versions of Revit Structure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 Network License Cascading . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10License Server Reporting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10Licensing Extension . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10License Transferring . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11License Borrowing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11Subscription Center . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 Using Help . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 The Interface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 Chapter 2Getting Started . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 What is a Project? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 Creating a Project . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 Beginning a Project . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 Element Classifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 Adding Levels and Grids . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 Massing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 Massing and Building Maker . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17Massing Terminology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18Typical Uses of Massing Studies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18Using Imported Geometry in Mass Versus Generic Model Families . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18Controlling Visibility of Mass Instances . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19Using the Mass Editor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19Working with Loaded Mass Families . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19Working with In-Place Mass Families . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 Multiple Mass Instances in a Project . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 Common Mass Instance Parameters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22Creating Building Elements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 Building Elements from Massing or Generic Models . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 Structural Templates and Structural Analytical Templates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32 Starting a Project with the Structural Template . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32Contents | vCreating Custom Project Templates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32 Creating and Saving the Template . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33 Chapter 3Sketching . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35 Sketching Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36 Creating Sketched Lines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36Sketching Options . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36 Sketching Tips . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37 Sketching Design Bar Commands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38Snap Points . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39Jump Snaps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40Snapping Tips . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40Valid/Invalid Sketches . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41Modifying Sketches . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42 Creating Ellipses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42 Sketching a Full Ellipse . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42Sketching a Partial Ellipse . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43Resizing an Ellipse . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43 Resizing with Drag Controls . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43 Rotating an Ellipse . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44 Setting the Work Plane . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44 Making the Work Plane Visible . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45Tips for Work Plane Visibility . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45Elements Associated with Work Planes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45 Chapter 4Constraint Elements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47 Constraint Elements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48 Creating Constraints . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48Constraints with Dimensions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48Equality Constraints . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48 EQ Label . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49 Constraints and Worksets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49Removing Constraints . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49Constraint Elements Notes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49 Chapter 5Families . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51 Family Editor Basics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52 Family Templates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52 Basic Family Templates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52 Design Environment for Creating Families . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53 Design Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53 General Rules for Geometry Creation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53 Procedure to Define a Family Origin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54Is Reference Values . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54Reference Lines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55 Creating Family Types . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57 Within the Family Editor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57Within a Project . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58 Setting Subcategories . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58 Subcategory Procedure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58 Families Tips . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58 Families Included In The Library . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58 Editing Loaded Families . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59 Edit a Family within a Project or Nested Family . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59 Reloading Families . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59 Reload a Family . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60 Copying Family Types Between Projects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60 Copying a Family Type from the Project Browser . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60Copying a Family Type from the Document Window . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60 Strong and Weak References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60 vi | ContentsSetting Strong and Weak References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61 Dimensions with Families . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61 Automatic Sketch Dimensions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61 Visibility . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61 Effects on Your Geometry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62 Dimensioning with Families . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62 Labeling Dimensions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62 Dimensioning with Families Tips . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63 Visibility and Detail Levels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63 Setting Family Geometry Visibility . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63 Visibility of Imported Geometry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64 Visibility During Sketching . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64 Setting Detail Level . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64 Instance Parameters and Shape Handles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64 Creating Instance Parameters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64 Adding Shape Handles to a Component Family . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65 Family Types . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68 Creating Family Types . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68 Adding a Type to a Family . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68 Using Formulas for Numerical Parameters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69 Adding a Formula to a Parameter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69 Valid Formula Syntax . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69 Valid Formula Abbreviations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70 Conditional Statements in Formulas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70 Adding a Website Link to Families . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71 Creating New Family Parameters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71 Creating New Parameters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71 Modifying Family Parameters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72 Profile Families . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72 Family Templates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73 Creating a Profile Family . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73 Loading the Family into a Project . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74 Family Editor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74 Family Editor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74 Family Editor Commands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74 Duplicating Parameterized Elements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76 Solid Geometry Tools . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77 Creating Solid Revolves . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77 Revolved Geometry Tips . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78 Creating Solid Sweeps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78 Sweep Tips . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79 Creating Solid Blends . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79 Blend Tips . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81 Creating a Solid Extrusion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81 Extrusion Tips . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82 Void Geometry Tools . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82 Void Extrusions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82 Void Blends . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83 Void Revolves . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84 Void Sweeps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85 Cut Geometry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86 Creating a Subcategory . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87 Creating Subcategories for the Family . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87 Assigning the Subcategory to the Family . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87 Subcategory Tip . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87 Family Geometry Properties . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87 Extrusion Properties . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87 Blend Properties . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88 Revolved Geometry Properties . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88Contents | viiSweep Properties . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88Line Properties . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89 Family Category and Parameters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89 Assigning Family Categories . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89Specifying the Always Vertical Parameter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90Specifying the Always Export as Geometry Parameter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90Using the Shared Parameter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90Specifying the Work Plane-Based Parameter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91 Loading a Family into Projects or Families . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91 Load into Projects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91 Creating Vertical Families . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92 Setting the Always Vertical Parameter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92 Creating Work Plane-based and Face-based Families . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92 Creating a Work Plane-based Family . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93 Nested Families . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93 Family Loading Restrictions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93Creating a Nested Family . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94Visibility of Nested Families . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94Creating a Nested Family with Interchangeable Subcomponents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94 Creating and Applying a Family Type Parameter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94 Shared Families . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95 Creating Shared Families . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95 Creating a Nested Family of Shared Components . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95 Loading Shared Families into a Project . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96Working with Shared Families in a Project . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96Scheduling Shared Families . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97 In-Place Families . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97 Creating an In-Place Family . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98Create Command . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98Editing the In-Place Family . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98In-Place Families Tip . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98 Changing the Appearance of the Detail Component . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98 Linking Family Parameters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98 Creating Family Parameter Links . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99Linking Family Parameters Tip . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99 Loading Generic Annotations into Model Families . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99 Example Procedure for Adding a Generic Annotation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100 Creating a Column Family . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 101 Starting a Column Family . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102Specifying How a Column Displays in Project Plan Views . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102 Creating a Truss Family . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103 Creating a New Family Type . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103 Creating a Label . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105 Formatting Parameters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 106Applying the Label to a Tag in the Project . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 106Applying the Label to a Titleblock in the Project . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107 Creating a Section Head Family . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107 Starting the Section Head Family . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107Setting Parameters for the Section Head . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107Tip for Creating a Section Head Family . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 108 Creating Additional Families . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 108 Automatic Cutouts in Floors and Ceilings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 108 Titleblocks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 108 Creating Titleblocks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 108Titleblock Tips . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109 viii | Contents。

单击此处编辑母版标题样式单此编辑版本样式单击此处编辑母版文本样式Materials Studio 第二级第三级Materials Studio 软件第四级半导体缺陷形成能的计算第五级半导体是指一种导电性可受控制，范围可从绝缘体至导体之间的材料。

单击此处编辑母版标题样式单击此处编辑母版副标题样式金属半导体绝缘体n型/p型半导体单击此处编辑母版标题样式单击此处编辑母版副标题样式密度泛函理论(Density Functional Theory)Hohenberg Kohn 定理r n E r r E G G G =Ψ,...Hohenberg-Kohn ()[]()[]N ,1()[]()[]()[]()[]r n E r n U r n T r n E xc G G G G ++=0单击此处编辑母版标题样式[])()()]([,,,2r r r n v k i k i k i eff G G G G G G ϕεϕ=+∇Kohn-Sham 方程单击此处编辑母版副标题样式Walter Kohn()()()r r f r n i i i G G G ϕϕ×=∑∗前提条件i ()r d r n N 3∫Ω=G •只能计算体系的基态性能局限性•需要对交换相关能E xc 做近似处理CASTEP平面波赝势法(Planewave-Pseudopotential)CASTEP ⋅+r)G k (i 将电子波函数通过平面波函数展开∑+=ΨG ,)r (G k i e C 单击此处编辑母版标题样式赝势有效的减少平面波数目单击此处编辑母版副标题样式pseudo wave functionpseudopotential 只适用于周期性体系一、缺陷形成能(1)如果超晶胞中没有原子的得失，且保持电中性。

此单击此处编辑母版标题样式时，其缺陷形成能的表达式为：(d f t)(f t)(1)E f ＝E T (defect) －E T (perfect) (1)单击此处编辑母版副标题样式E f 为缺陷形成能；E T (defect)为含有缺陷的体系的总能；E T (perfect) 为完整晶格的体系总能。

单击此处编辑母版标题样式单此编辑版本样式单击此处编辑母版文本样式Materials Studio 第二级第三级Materials Studio 软件第四级半导体缺陷形成能的计算第五级半导体是指一种导电性可受控制，范围可从绝缘体至导体之间的材料。

单击此处编辑母版标题样式单击此处编辑母版副标题样式金属半导体绝缘体n型/p型半导体单击此处编辑母版标题样式单击此处编辑母版副标题样式密度泛函理论(Density Functional Theory)Hohenberg Kohn 定理r n E r r E G G G =Ψ,...Hohenberg-Kohn ()[]()[]N ,1()[]()[]()[]()[]r n E r n U r n T r n E xc G G G G ++=0单击此处编辑母版标题样式[])()()]([,,,2r r r n v k i k i k i eff G G G G G G ϕεϕ=+∇Kohn-Sham 方程单击此处编辑母版副标题样式Walter Kohn()()()r r f r n i i i G G G ϕϕ×=∑∗前提条件i ()r d r n N 3∫Ω=G •只能计算体系的基态性能局限性•需要对交换相关能E xc 做近似处理CASTEP平面波赝势法(Planewave-Pseudopotential)CASTEP ⋅+r)G k (i 将电子波函数通过平面波函数展开∑+=ΨG ,)r (G k i e C 单击此处编辑母版标题样式赝势有效的减少平面波数目单击此处编辑母版副标题样式pseudo wave functionpseudopotential 只适用于周期性体系一、缺陷形成能(1)如果超晶胞中没有原子的得失，且保持电中性。

此单击此处编辑母版标题样式时，其缺陷形成能的表达式为：(d f t)(f t)(1)E f ＝E T (defect) －E T (perfect) (1)单击此处编辑母版副标题样式E f 为缺陷形成能；E T (defect)为含有缺陷的体系的总能；E T (perfect) 为完整晶格的体系总能。

申请博物馆志愿者的英语作文高中全文共3篇示例，供读者参考篇1My Application to be a Museum VolunteerHi there! My name is Jamie and I'm 16 years old. I really, really want to be a volunteer at our city's awesome Museum of Natural History this summer. Let me tell you why!First off, I absolutely LOVE museums! Whenever my parents take me to one, I get so excited. There's just something magical about seeing all those cool exhibits with the ancient artifacts, dinosaur bones, gemstones, and animals from around the world. It's like stepping into another world or back in time. My favorite is definitely the dinosaur hall - I mean, how amazing is it that those giant skeletons used to be real living, breathing animals?! I could stare at them for hours.Another reason I want to volunteer is because I'm really into science. You could say I'm a total science nerd! I especially love learning about fossils, rocks, animals, and nature. At school, science is my favorite class. I always get good grades and my teacher tells me I ask great questions. I'm constantly readingscience books and watching documentaries. Working at a natural history museum would be like a dream come true - I'd get to be around science exhibits and learn new things every single day!Most importantly though, I think volunteering at the museum would be an awesome way to spend my summer vacation. Can you imagine how cool it would be to actually work there instead of just visiting? As a volunteer, I could give tours and talk to visitors about all the exhibits. I'm a pretty friendly kid and I definitely don't mind public speaking. It would be so much fun to share my enthusiasm and knowledge about science and nature with other people who are interested in it too!I could help out with kid's programs and activities, which sounds like a blast. Maybe I could even dress up as a dinosaur mascot - rawr! How hilarious would that be? The museum staff probably need a hand with setting up new exhibits too. I may be small but I'm pretty handy and good at following directions. I'm willing to do whatever is needed, even if it's just straightening up the gift shop or running errands.In school, we recently learned about giving back to the community through volunteer work. The museum is such an important place for learning and culture in our city. Byvolunteering there, I'd be doing my part to make it an even better place for everyone who visits. It would make me feel really good inside to help out somewhere so meaningful to me and my community. Who knows, maybe I'll discover I have a talent for museum work and it could turn into a career! An elementary schooler can dream, right?So that's why I really, really, REALLY want to volunteer at the natural history museum this summer. I know I'm just a kid, but I promise to work super hard and be as helpful as possible. I've been counting down the days until summer break and waiting to apply for ages. This would be the most awesome way for me to spend my vacation ever! Pretty pleeeeease pick me to be a museum volunteer - I'll do my best to make you proud. Thanks for considering me!Whew, writing this application sure made me tired. I'm going to go take a nap now and dream about hanging out with the dinosaurs. Roar!篇2My Love for Museums and Why I Want to VolunteerHi there! My name is Michael and I'm 15 years old. I absolutely love going to museums. There's just something socool about seeing all the amazing things from long ago on display. Whenever my parents would take me to a museum as a kid, I would get super excited!I still remember the first time I went to a really big museum - it was the Natural History Museum in New York City when I was 8 years old. We went on a family trip there during summer vacation. As soon as we walked in, I was in awe! The huge dinosaur skeletons towering over me, the dioramas with all the stuffed animals looking so life-like, the giant whale model hanging from the ceiling. It was seriously the coolest place ever to my 8-year-old self.I kept asking my parents a million questions about everything I was seeing. "How old is that dinosaur skeleton? What kind of dinosaur is that? How did they figure out what colors to make the animals?" My parents probably got a little annoyed with all my endless questions, but I just couldn't help being so curious about it all!We spent the entire day there exploring every single exhibit.I remember feeling so sad when we had to leave at the end of the day. On the way home in the car, I told my parents "When I grow up, I want to work at a museum! That was the funnest place ever!" Yeah, funnest isn't a real word, but you know what I mean!Ever since then, museums have been one of my biggest passions and interests. Whenever we would go on family vacations, I would always beg my parents to take me to whatever museums were in the area we visited. I've been to so many awesome ones - from art museums with famous paintings and sculptures to museums all about science, technology, and space exploration.Each one has something unique and fascinating to offer. At art museums, I'm just in awe at the incredible talent and creativity that went into creating beautiful works of art hundreds of years ago. And science museums are always so much fun with all the interactive exhibits to explore and learn about how things work. I could spend hours upon hours in any type of museum just taking in all the incredible displays and reading every single information panel to learn as much as I can.What really sparked my deep love for museums though was when my grandpa started taking me to small local history museums near where he lived. These little museums didn't have huge dinosaur skeletons or famous works of art, but they gave me a peek into what life was like in that specific area long ago. Seeing the tools, clothing, furniture, and personal belongingsfrom centuries past really brought history to life for me in a way textbooks just can't.My grandpa would spend hours with me at these local museums listening to me read all the background information panels and then asking me questions about what I had learned to quiz my knowledge. He also loved telling me extra stories and anecdotes he knew related to the historical artifacts and time periods on display. Looking back now, those experiences with my grandpa are some of my most cherished childhood memories.I have so much appreciation for how museums work to preserve pieces of history, art, culture, and human achievement for future generations. They stand as reminders of where we came from and how far we've come. To me, every object on display at a museum tells a story just waiting to be discovered and learned about. That's why I have such a profound love and respect for museums.This passion is a huge part of why I really want to become a volunteer at my local art museum. For the last few years, I've attended pretty much every traveling exhibit, lecture, and special event they've held. The staff there probably thinks I'm crazy because I'm always one of the first people in line to get tickets!Whenever I'm at the museum, I just can't help but soak in all the amazing art and artifacts on display like a sponge soaking up water.My favorite part is reading all the little info plaques next to each piece to learn its background - who created it, what materials and techniques were used, the time period it's from, the inspirations and meaning behind it. I have so much appreciation for the artistic storytelling each work represents.Some kids my age think museums are boring, dusty old buildings. But not me! I just love the quiet serenity of the museum atmosphere. It's like being in another world away from the normal hustle and bustle of everyday life. When I'm there, I can slow down and really immerse myself in examining and appreciating each exceptional work in a way you just can't by quickly glancing at pictures in a textbook.That's why being a museum volunteer would be such an incredible experience for me. I want to be surrounded by that amazing atmosphere and priceless art on a regular basis. I'll finally have the chance to go behind-the-scenes and get a closer look at how museums operate and care for their collections. I can spend as much time as I want studying and taking in every little detail of the artwork. And maybe, I can inspire other kids todevelop the same appreciation I have for the preservation of art and history.Most importantly though, I really want to learn absolutely everything I can from the museum's experts - the curators, historians, artists, archeologists and others who have devoted their careers to collecting and understanding these invaluable pieces of work. I'm like a supernova of unquenchable curiosity just waiting to absorb as much knowledge as I possibly can!I can't even put into words how grateful and honored I would feel to get the chance to volunteer with professionals who have such specialized expertise and who share my passion for celebrating the past in this way. Getting advice, guidance, and wisdom from them would be a true gift. Who knows, maybe I'll even discover my own calling is to have a career in the museum field someday!I know I'm just a kid and all, but I can absolutely assure you that I don't take the opportunity to volunteer lightly at all. You have my word that I would treat every task and assignment with the utmost care and responsibility, no matter how big or small. I'll listen closely, follow all the rules, and work as hard as I possibly can because it would mean that much to me.More than anything, I want to show how much I love and value what your museum stands for. I may be young, but I'm endlessly eager to learn and gain first-hand experience in any way I can. This volunteer role would allow me to turn my childhood passion into something enriching and productive. What could be better than that?So that's why I'm applying to be a volunteer - because of my sincere wonder and amazement at the incredible works you have on display and my burning desire to learn from your staff's vast knowledge and expertise. I may just be a kid, but my appreciation for the arts and human history runs deeper than the deepest ocean trench! This isn't just a school requirement or something to pass the time for me. Your museum and its mission are a true passion that I hope to play a small role in someday.Well thanks for letting me share why I feel so compelled to volunteer at your wonderful museum. I really appreciate you taking the time to consider my application. I completely understand if I'm too young or inexperienced compared to other candidates. But I promise that if given the chance, you won't find a volunteer with more enthusiasm and genuine care for your museum's vision than me! Maybe you can mold me into a greatmuseum worker from an early age. Who knows? Fingers crossed! Thanks again!篇3My Love for Museums and Why I Want to VolunteerHi there! My name is Jamie and I'm a high school student who is completely museum-obsessed. For as long as I can remember, I've loved visiting museums and learning about new topics through their amazing exhibits and collections. That's why I'm writing this essay to apply to be a volunteer at the City Museum of Art and History.I still remember my very first museum trip when I was just a little kid. My parents took me to the Natural History Museum and I was in total awe of the huge dinosaur skeletons and ancient artifacts on display. The museum seemed like a magical place full of wonders and mysteries waiting to be uncovered. I spent hours reading every single plaque and sign, trying to soak up as much information as my little brain could hold.From then on, I was hooked. Any chance we had to visit a new museum, you better believe I was the first one in the car, backpack stuffed with snacks and drinks for the journey. Whether it was an art museum, a children's museum, a sciencecenter, or a living history village, I loved them all. I was endlessly fascinated learning about different cultures, time periods, scientific discoveries, and creative works.My museum obsession really kicked into high gear in middle school when I joined the school's Museum Club. It was a group of fellow museum lovers who came together to explore local institutions and even put on our own mini-exhibits. We went on tons of field trips and I helped curate a cool exhibit about outer space using models, games, and artifacts from the club members' collections. It was such an amazing experience to be behind-the-scenes and see how museums are put together.Which brings me to why I'm hoping to become a volunteer at your museum. Quite simply, I love museums with every fiber of my being and want to become more involved in any way I can. Your museum's incredible collection of art, historical artifacts, and interactive exhibits related to our city's past and present are right up my alley. I would be honored to support your mission of educating the community through immersive and enlightening museum experiences.As a volunteer, I will bring my enthusiasm, responsibility, and eagerness to learn. You can count on me to be on-time, follow all rules and instructions, and treat visitors and staff with kindnessand respect. While I may be young, I have regularly volunteered at my school's library and various community events, so I understand what it takes to be a helpful and hardworking volunteer. I'm not afraid to take on any task, whether it's assisting with children's programs, giving tours, working at the front desk, or helping set up/take down exhibits.Most importantly, I will bring my deep appreciation and genuine interest in the museum's content and educational mission. You'll never catch me sneakily looking at my phone or being apathetic - I'll be fully engaged and eager to learn something new every single day. I love talking to people about topics I'm passionate about, so I'll strive to create an engaging, enjoyable experience for visitors. My enthusiasm is contagious!Beyond just volunteering, I hope to gain meaningful experience that could help shape my future career path. While I'm still a little unsure of exactly what I want to do, I know I want it to involve museums, art, history, culture, or education in some way. By volunteering now, I'll get an inside look at how museums operate and the different roles involved. I can explore potential job opportunities and figure out what path is the best fit for my aspirations. Who knows, I may even decide to become a museum curator, archivist, educator, or director someday!In the meantime, I'll continue devouring every book, documentary, and podcast I can find about museums, their collections, and the important roles they play in society. For example, I was completely fascinated by the story of how the Louvre worked to secretly evacuate works from the museum during World War II to protect them from the Nazis. I've also watched museum renovation shows with great interest, seeing how new technology and modern architecture can revitalize older institutions. I'm constantly in awe of the creativity and care that goes into designing exciting new exhibits to educate the public on a variety of topics.I know volunteering at a museum requires hard work, dedication, and a commitment to constantly learning new things. Luckily, those are some of my biggest strengths! I'm a diligent student who isn't afraid to go the extra mile on assignments and projects I care about. Thanks to my insatiable curiosity and love of research, I'll enthusiastically take it upon myself to learn everything I can about your museum's collections, exhibits, and operations. I'll study up in advance so I can be as knowledgeable and helpful as possible when interacting with visitors.Most importantly, I'll bring a positive, friendly attitude with a big smile on my face. A huge part of what makes museumsspecial is the ability to spark conversations, human interactions, and sharing of knowledge between people. As a volunteer, I'll aim to create a warm, welcoming atmosphere where visitors feel comfortable asking questions, sharing their own insights, and immersing themselves in the wonders of the museum. My energy and joy will hopefully be contagious and inspire others to appreciate the valuable role museums play.In conclusion, I may be young, but my passion for museums burns brighter than a thousand suns. I hope you'll give me the opportunity to share my enthusiasm and assist your museum in any way I can as a volunteer. More than anything, I want to contribute to an institution that sparks curiosity, learning, and amazing experiences for all who walk through its doors. I would be eternally grateful for the chance to be part of the museum magic!。

单击此处编辑母版标题样式单M击此at处e编ri辑al母s 版S文tu本d样io式 多尺度多功第 第能二 三分级 级子模拟软件第四级 第五级虚拟 “实验”（分子模拟技术）决定依据CREA T单击此处编辑母版标题样式VIT 单击此处编辑母版副标题样式Y虚拟设计表征材料结构，以及与结构相关的性质 —— 解释 设计材料结构，以及与结构相关的性质 —— 预测Materials Studio™是整合的计算模拟平台• 可兼顾科研和教学需求 • 可在大规模机群上进行并行计算• 全面的应用领域- 固体物理与表面化学• 客户端-服务器 计算方式- 催化、分离与化学反应单击此处编辑母版标题样式 – Windows, Linux– 最大限度的使用已有IT资源 • 包含多种计算方法- 半导体功能材料 - 金属与合金材料– DFT及半经验量子力学 – 线形标度量子力学- 特种陶瓷材料– – –Q分 介M子 观/M力 模M学 拟方单法 击此处编辑母版--副纳高米分标材子题料与软样材式料– 统计方法 – 分析仪器模拟 – ……- 材料表征与仪器分析 - 晶体与结晶- 构效关系研究与配方设计- ……Materials Studio™单击此处编辑母版标题样式单击此处编辑母版副标题样式•多尺度，应用领域全面Materials Studio™分子力学、动力学量子力学 •Forcite plus 介观动力学• Castep• Gulp• MesoDyn• Dmol3• COMPASS • Mesocite单击此处编辑母版标题样式 • Onetep• Qmera• Amorphous Cell •Sorption•VAMPM单ate击ria此ls处Vis编ua辑liz母er 版副标题样式• Reflex plus • Xcell • Polymorph Predictor • Morpholog晶体学• QSAR 构效关系•操作简便----方便的参数设置MenuToolbar单击此处编辑母版标题样式 Property View 单Pr击ojec此t 处编辑母版副标题样式Job statusMaterials Studio在科研领域的贡献从2006年至2012年，全球各地科学家使用Materials Studio在顶级期刊上发表了近7000篇论文，包括像Nature、Science单击此处编辑母版标题样式 、Nature Materials、Nature Chemistry、PNAS 、Progress inSurface Science 、Small、Physical Review Letters 、AppliedPhysics Letters、Phil. Trans. Royal Soc. A、Nanotechnology、ACS Nano 、J. Am. Chem. Soc.、Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci.、Physical JournaloRf 单eCvhie击ewm此iAca处、l PP编hhyy辑ssiiccs母a、l 版RCehv副eimew标icaB题l 、P样Jh.ys式Aicpspl.LePthteyrss.、 、Nature Nanotechnology 、 Chemical Society Reviews 、Nanoscale Research Letters、Nanoscale等知名期刊。

英语工作室申请说明Application for English StudioI am writing to apply for the position of English Studio. I have a strong passion for teaching English and helping students improve their language skills. With my experience and dedication, I believe I am a strong candidate for this position.First and foremost, I have a solid background in English language and literature. I hold a Bachelor's degree in English and have completed various courses and certifications related to teaching English as a second language. I am also a native English speaker, which allows me to provide authentic language input to my students.In addition to my academic qualifications, I have gained practical experience in teaching English to non-native speakers. I have worked as an English teacher in a language institute for two years, where I taught studentsof different ages and language levels. This experience has equipped me with the necessary skills to create engaging and effective lesson plans, as well as the ability to adapt my teaching style to meet the needs of diverse learners.Furthermore, I am well-versed in using technology to enhance language learning. I am proficient in using various online platforms and software to create interactive and multimedia-rich learning materials. I believe that integrating technology into the classroom can greatly enhance the learning experience for students and make language learning more engaging and effective.Moreover, I am highly adaptable and open-minded, which allows me to connect with students from different cultural backgrounds and create a supportive and inclusive learning environment. I understand the challenges that non-native English speakers face when learning the language, and I am committed to providing them with the necessary support and guidance to help them overcome these challenges.In conclusion, I am confident that my academicbackground, teaching experience, technological proficiency, and cultural competence make me a strong candidate for the position of English Studio. I am passionate about helping students improve their English language skills and I am dedicated to creating a positive and effective learning environment. I am excited about the opportunity to contribute to the success of your English Studio and I am looking forward to the possibility of working with you. Thank you for considering my application. I am availablefor an interview at your earliest convenience.。

模拟心得MATERIAL STUDIO 中SORPTION 第一个课题是模拟金属有机框架和共价有机框架吸附CO2以及分离CO2/CH4,使用的软件是Material studio，使用的是Sorption模块，输入的是逸度。

单组份求逸度的MA TLAB程序，只需要在主程序窗口输入function [rho,f]=PengRobinson(P1,T,N)（P1,T,N是具体的数值）就可以得到不同的压力和温度下的逸度。

function [rho,f] =PengRobinson(P1,T,N)%+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++%PengRobinson is used to calculate the density and fugacity of single%component gas at given pressure with Peng-Robinson equation.%PengRobinson v1.00 beta include the parameter of n-alkanes(1-5), CO2(6)%and CO(7).%Where P1 means input pressure(kPa), T is temperature(K), N means the serial number of gas. rho%is density, f is fugacity.%e.g. If you wanna calculate density and fugacity of methane at 300kPa, 298k,you%need input [rho,f] =PengRobinson(300,298,1).%+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++%set physical parameters%+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++P=P1./100;t_M=[16.043 30.070 44.097 58.123 72.150 44.01 28.01];t_omiga=[0.012 0.100 0.152 0.2 0.252 0.224 0.048];t_Tc=[190.6 305.3 369.8 425.1 469.7 304.2 132.9 ];t_Pc=[45.99 48.72 42.48 37.96 33.70 73.83 34.99];%+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++Tc=t_Tc(N);Pc=t_Pc(N);omiga=t_omiga(N);M=t_M(N);%+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++R=83.14;epsilon=1-2.^(0.5);sigma=1+2.^(0.5);%+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++%calculate the Z of PR equation%+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++alpha=(1+(0.37464+1.54226*omiga-0.26992*omiga.^2)*(1-(T/Tc)^(0.5))).^2;a=((0.45724*R^2*Tc^2)/Pc)*alpha;b=0.07779.*R.*Tc./Pc;beta=b.*P./(R.*T);q=a./(b.*R.*T);Z0=zeros(length(P),1);Z1=ones(length(P),1);for k=1:length(P)while abs(Z1(k)-Z0(k))>1e-6Z0(k)=Z1(k);Z1(k)=1+beta(k)-q.*beta(k).*(Z0(k)-beta(k))./((Z0(k)+epsilon.*beta(k)).*(Z0(k)+sigma.*beta(k))); endendI=(1./(sigma-epsilon)).*log((Z1+sigma.*beta)./(Z1+epsilon.*beta));%+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++%gain the density of gas%+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++rho=(P./(Z1.*R.*T)).*M.*1e6;rho=vpa(rho,6);phi=exp(Z1-1-log(Z1-beta)-q.*I);f=phi.*P1;f=vpa(f,5);双组份的求逸度的程序：求逸度的过程和单组份的一样。