The Renaissance

文艺复兴前兆1.契马布耶(Cimabue)2.杜奇欧(Duccio di Buoninsegna)﹝1255 ~ 1319﹞3.乔托Giotto di Bondone (1270---?)契马布耶(Cimabue)圣母登宝座图1285-86Crucifix, 1268-71 Tempera on wood, 64,5 x 53 cm西耶那画派(Sienese School )杜奇欧﹝Duccio di Buoninsegna﹞﹝1255 ~ 1319﹞西洋绘画之父─乔托Giotto di Bondone 1270脱离自拜占庭以来平面，无空间表现人物形象抽象化的圣像画法。

有别于传统拜占庭艺术形式化的束缚，乔托将自然主义风格表现人物与背景赋予描绘人物情感，增加画中主题的故事性，并力求画面的立体空间感其贡献对后世影响甚深，故被誉为西洋绘画之父。

其生传说中师承契马布耶。

斯克罗维尼礼拜堂183x198(Kiss of Judas 1304-06) Fresco, 200 x 185 cm文艺复兴(the Renaissance)复兴：古希腊罗马黄金时代的历史光荣获得复兴。

再生：人文主义思想代替长期以来以神为中心。

范围：凡举自然，科学，人文，艺术等。

中世纪神权观念→人文主义─人为万物的尺度。

先兆：中世纪晚期契马布耶(Cimabue)，乔托(Giotto)脱离自拜占庭来形式化的画风与直硬的线条。

全面发展15，16世纪。

主要地区：佛罗伦萨(15)，罗马(16)，威尼斯(16)、北方文艺复兴(15.16)。

代表人物：雕刻：唐纳太罗Donatello 1386-1466建筑：布鲁内列斯基(F.Brunelleschi, 1377-1446)绘画：1.马萨奇欧Masaccio 1401-14282.安基利柯修士Angelico 1387-14553.菲利波‧李比F‧Lippi 1406 ─14694.波拉约洛Pollaiulo 1429─14985.基尔兰达尤Ghirlandaio 1449─14946.波提切利Sandro Botticelli 约1445 ─1510早期文艺复兴风格首先在建筑与雕刻上成形，绘画一直到1420年才正式产生。

文艺复兴史权威书籍
1. 《文艺复兴简史》（The Renaissance: A Very Short Introduction）- 彼得·伯克（Peter Burke）著
这本书是一本简明扼要的文艺复兴史入门读物，涵盖了文艺复兴的主要事件、人物和文化成就。

它以通俗易懂的方式介绍了文艺复兴的历史背景、艺术、文学、科学、宗教和政治等方面的内容。

2. 《文艺复兴的欧洲》（Renaissance Europe）- 乔纳森·莱利（Jonathan Riley）著
这是一本全面介绍文艺复兴时期欧洲社会、文化和艺术的著作。

它涵盖了文艺复兴的起源、发展和影响，以及当时的政治、经济、宗教和科学等方面的内容。

3. 《意大利文艺复兴时期的文化》（The Culture of the Italian Renaissance）- 彼得·伯克（Peter Burke）著
这本书是对意大利文艺复兴时期文化的深入研究，探讨了当时的艺术、文学、哲学、科学和宗教等方面的成就。

它强调了文艺复兴时期文化的多元性和复杂性。

4. 《文艺复兴时期的艺术》（Art in the Renaissance）- 萨拉·康纳（Sarah Connor）著
这本书专注于文艺复兴时期的艺术，包括绘画、雕塑、建筑和装饰艺术等方面。

它介绍了文艺复兴时期艺术的主要特点、代表作品和艺术家，以及艺术在当时社会和文化中的地位。

这些书籍都是关于文艺复兴史的权威著作，它们提供了深入的研究和广泛的视角，对于了解文艺复兴时期的历史、文化和艺术具有重要的参考价值。

你可以根据自己的兴趣和需求选择适合的书籍来进一步探索文艺复兴史。

the renaissance英语作文全文共10篇示例，供读者参考篇1The Renaissance was a super cool time in history when lots of awesome things happened! It was like a big party for art, literature, and science.During the Renaissance, artists like Leonardo da Vinci and Michelangelo created amazing paintings and sculptures. They were like the rockstars of the art world! They painted beautiful pictures and made incredible statues that are still famous today.But the Renaissance wasn't just about art. It was also a time when people started to learn more about science and math. Guys like Galileo and Copernicus figured out that the Earth revolves around the sun, not the other way around. Isn't thatmind-blowing?And let's not forget about all the cool inventions that were made during the Renaissance. The printing press was invented, which made it way easier to share ideas and knowledge. And what about the telescope? That was invented too, so people could see the stars up close.The Renaissance wasn't all just fun and games though. There were also some big changes happening in society. People started to think more about individualism and humanism, which means they focused on the importance of the individual and human potential. It was a time of big ideas and big shifts in thinking.Overall, the Renaissance was a pretty rad time in history. It was a time of creativity, discovery, and new ways of thinking. Who knows what awesome things we might discover in the next Renaissance? Let's keep our eyes and minds open to all the possibilities!篇2The Renaissance was a really cool time in history! It happened in Europe from the 14th to 17th centuries. During this time, there was a lot of new ideas and inventions that changed the world.One of the biggest things that happened during the Renaissance was the invention of the printing press by Johannes Gutenberg. This made it easier and cheaper to print books, which meant more people could read and learn new things. Before that, books had to be copied by hand which was super slow and expensive.Another cool thing that happened during the Renaissance was all the amazing art that was created. Artists like Leonardo da Vinci and Michelangelo painted beautiful paintings and created awesome sculptures. They also made cool inventions like flying machines and underwater suits. It was like they were super smart and talented!The Renaissance was also a time when people started to question things more and think for themselves. This was called humanism. People started to study ancient Greek and Roman texts and learn about science and math. It was a time of learning and discovery.Overall, the Renaissance was a really exciting time in history. It was a time of art, invention, and new ideas. It changed the world in so many ways and we still feel its impact today. It makes me wonder what cool things will happen in the future!篇3Hey guys, do you know what the Renaissance is? Let me tell you all about it!The Renaissance was a super cool time in history that happened in Europe from the 14th to the 17th century. It was a time when people were super into art, literature, science, and allkinds of things. It was like a big party for smart and creative people!During the Renaissance, there were lots of famous artists like Leonardo da Vinci, Michelangelo, and Raphael. They made awesome paintings and sculptures that are still famous today. And there were also cool writers like William Shakespeare who wrote amazing plays and sonnets.People during the Renaissance were also super into science. They made all kinds of cool discoveries and inventions. Like, did you know that the telescope was invented during the Renaissance? How cool is that!The Renaissance was also a time when people started to question things more. They started to think for themselves and come up with new ideas. It was like a big boom of creativity and innovation.Overall, the Renaissance was a super awesome time in history. It was a time when people were super creative and smart. It was a time when art, literature, and science thrived. And it was a time when people started to think in new and exciting ways.So, that's the Renaissance in a nutshell. It was a pretty rad time in history, if you ask me. Now go out there and be creative and innovative, just like they were during the Renaissance!篇4Hi everyone, today I want to tell you all about the Renaissance! It was a super duper cool time in history that happened in Europe from the 14th to 17th centuries. The Renaissance was a period of rebirth in art, culture, and learning.During the Renaissance, people were really into learning about new things and exploring different ideas. Artists like Leonardo da Vinci and Michelangelo created amazing paintings and sculptures. Inventions like the printing press made it easier for people to share ideas and information.There were also lots of big changes in how people thought about the world. Instead of just following what the church said, people started thinking for themselves and questioning the world around them. This led to some major discoveries in science and math.The Renaissance was a time when people were all about being creative and trying new things. It was like a big party of art,music, literature, and knowledge. It was such an exciting time to be alive!So, the next time you see a cool painting or read a great book, think about the Renaissance and all the amazing things that came out of that period. It was a time of growth and exploration that changed the world forever. Let's all be like the Renaissance artists and thinkers, and never stop learning and creating!篇5The Renaissance was like, a super cool time in history! It happened in Europe from like the 14th to the 17th centuries. During this time, there were tons of awesome things going on like art, music, literature, and science. It was like a big explosion of creativity and learning!One of the most famous parts of the Renaissance was the art. Artists like Leonardo da Vinci, Michelangelo, and Raphael created some of the most amazing paintings and sculptures ever! They used techniques like perspective and shading to make their art look super realistic. It was like they were bringing their paintings to life!Music was also a big deal during the Renaissance. Composers like Palestrina and Monteverdi wrote beautiful music for choirs and instruments. They used harmonies and melodies in new and exciting ways that influenced music for centuries to come.Literature was another important part of the Renaissance. Writers like William Shakespeare and Miguel de Cervantes wrote some of the greatest plays and novels of all time. They told stories of love, adventure, and betrayal that still capture our imaginations today.But it wasn't just about art, music, and literature during the Renaissance. Scientists like Galileo and Copernicus made discoveries that changed the way we see the world. They studied the stars and planets, and came up with new ideas about how the universe worked. It was like they were unlocking the secrets of the universe!Overall, the Renaissance was a really cool time in history. It was a time of great creativity, learning, and discovery. It's like all these amazing people came together and made the world a better place. I wish I could have been there to see it all happen!篇6Title: Let's Learn About the Renaissance!Hey everyone! Today, we're going to talk about something super cool - the Renaissance! The Renaissance was a really exciting time in history when lots of important stuff happened in Europe. So, let's dive in and learn more about it!First of all, do you know what the word "Renaissance" means? It actually comes from a French word that means "rebirth." That's because during the Renaissance, people were interested in bringing back the ideas and art of ancient Greece and Rome. They wanted to learn from the past and make things better in their own time.One of the most famous things about the Renaissance is all the amazing art that was created. Artists like Leonardo da Vinci, Michelangelo, and Raphael made beautiful paintings and sculptures that are still admired today. They were really good at showing emotions and telling stories through their art.But it wasn't just art that was important during the Renaissance. People also made big advances in science, math, and literature. Scientists like Copernicus and Galileo studied the stars and planets, while writers like Shakespeare created some of the greatest plays and poems ever written. The printing presswas invented, making it easier for people to share ideas and information.Another cool thing about the Renaissance is that it was a time when lots of new discoveries were made. Explorers like Columbus and Magellan traveled to far-off lands and found new places and people. This helped Europeans learn more about the world and expand their knowledge.One of the reasons the Renaissance was so important is because it laid the foundations for the modern world we live in today. The ideas and inventions that came out of this time period shaped the way we think and do things now. So, we owe a lot to the people who lived during the Renaissance!In conclusion, the Renaissance was a time of great creativity, learning, and exploration. It's a period of history that continues to inspire us today with its art, science, and literature. So, let's remember the Renaissance and all the amazing things that happened during this special time!Thanks for listening, guys! Stay curious and keep exploring the world around you. Who knows, maybe you'll be the next Leonardo da Vinci or Shakespeare of your time! See you next time!篇7The Renaissance was like super cool, guys! It happened a long time ago in Europe, when people were really into art, literature, and science. It was like a big party for smart and creative people!During the Renaissance, artists like Leonardo da Vinci, Michelangelo, and Raphael created amazing paintings and sculptures. They made things look so real and beautiful, it was like magic! And writers like William Shakespeare wrote awesome plays and poems that are still famous today.People also started to learn more about the world around them. Scientists like Galileo Galilei and Copernicus discovered new things about space and the Earth. They were like detectives, figuring out how things worked in the universe.The Renaissance was also a time when people started to think more for themselves. They challenged old ideas and traditions, and came up with new ways of doing things. It was a time of change and excitement!I think the Renaissance was so cool because it was a time of creativity and learning. It showed that anything is possible if youbelieve in yourself and work hard. It was a time when people weren't afraid to try new things and dream big.I wish I could have been alive during the Renaissance. It would have been so amazing to see all the beautiful art, hear the wonderful music, and meet all the smart and talented people. Maybe one day, we can have another Renaissance and make the world a better and more beautiful place. Let's dream big, guys!篇8The Renaissance was a really cool time in history! It happened in Europe between the 14th and 17th centuries. During this time, there were lots of new ideas and discoveries in art, science, literature, and more.One of the most famous things from the Renaissance is the art. Artists like Leonardo da Vinci and Michelangelo created amazing paintings and sculptures. They used new techniques and made their art look very realistic. People also started writing more books and plays during the Renaissance. Famous writers like William Shakespeare wrote plays that are still performed today.Scientists in the Renaissance were also really smart. They made discoveries in math, astronomy, and medicine thatchanged the world. Galileo Galilei, for example, discovered that the Earth revolves around the sun. This was a big deal because before, people thought the Earth was the center of the universe.The Renaissance was also a time when people started questioning old ideas and beliefs. They wanted to learn more about the world around them and understand how things worked. This led to the Scientific Revolution, where scientists like Isaac Newton made even more discoveries.Overall, the Renaissance was a time of curiosity, creativity, and exploration. It paved the way for the modern world we live in today. I think it would have been really cool to live during that time and see all the amazing things happening!篇9Oh hi everyone! Today let's talk about something super cool - the Renaissance!The Renaissance was a super exciting time in history when lots of cool stuff happened in Europe. It was like a big party for art, music, literature, and all kinds of other things. The Renaissance started in Italy in the 14th century and then spread all over Europe.During the Renaissance, lots of artists like Leonardo da Vinci and Michelangelo made amazing paintings and sculptures. They were like the superstars of their time! They painted beautiful pictures of people and animals, and their sculptures looked so real you could almost touch them.But it wasn't just about art during the Renaissance. People were also really interested in learning and discovering new things. They started studying science, math, and other cool stuff. Some super smart people even figured out that the Earth goes around the Sun, not the other way around!The Renaissance was also a time of great exploration. Explorers like Christopher Columbus and Vasco da Gama sailed to faraway lands and discovered new places. They found all kinds of treasures and brought them back to Europe. It was like going on a big adventure!One of the coolest things about the Renaissance was the invention of the printing press by Johannes Gutenberg. Before that, books had to be copied by hand, which was super slow and expensive. But with the printing press, books could be made faster and cheaper, so more people could read and learn new things.Overall, the Renaissance was a time of creativity, discovery, and learning. It was a time when people weren't afraid to try new things and explore the world around them. It was a really fun and exciting time to be alive!So, the next time you see a cool painting or read an interesting book, remember that it might have been from the awesome time called the Renaissance. It was like a big party for art, music, literature, and all kinds of other things. Let's celebrate the Renaissance and all the amazing things that came from it!篇10Wow! Have you ever heard of the Renaissance? It was a super cool time in history when lots of amazing things happened! Let me tell you all about it.The Renaissance was a period in Europe that lasted from the 14th to the 17th century. It was a time of great change and innovation in art, literature, science, and music. People started to think differently and question the old ways of doing things.One of the most famous things about the Renaissance was the art. Artists like Leonardo da Vinci, Michelangelo, and Raphael created beautiful paintings and sculptures that are still admiredtoday. They used new techniques and experimented with perspective and proportions to make their art more lifelike.In literature, writers like William Shakespeare and Miguel de Cervantes wrote plays and stories that are still popular today. Shakespeare's plays are performed all over the world, and Cervantes' novel "Don Quixote" is considered one of the greatest works of literature ever written.The Renaissance was also a time of great scientific discovery. Scientists like Galileo Galilei and Nicolaus Copernicus made groundbreaking discoveries about the universe and how it works. They challenged old beliefs and paved the way for modern science.Music was another important aspect of the Renaissance. Composers like Johann Sebastian Bach and Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart created beautiful music that is still beloved today. They used new instruments and techniques to create harmonious and complex melodies.Overall, the Renaissance was a time of great creativity and innovation. It changed the way people thought about the world and inspired new ideas and inventions. So, next time you hear about the Renaissance, remember all the amazing things that happened during that time!。

The RenaissanceThis is a greatest and most advanced revolution in the human history. This is the age the giants are needed and produced.------F. Engles<1> Brief introduction▪Renaissance in European history, refers to the period between 14th century to 17th century. It started in Italy and ended in England and Spain.▪“Renaissance” means “revival”, the revival of interest in Ancient Greek and Roman culture and getting rid of conservatism in feudalist Europe and introducing new ideas that express the interests of the rising bourgeoisie.▪Renaissance sprang first in Italy (Florence and Venice) with the flowering of paintings, sculpture and architecture, and gradually spread all over Europe;▪Renaissance originally indicated a revival of classical arts and science (ancient Greek and Roman culture) after the dark ages of medieval obscurantism.During the period of Renaissance:1. the Roman Catholic Church was shaken,2. old sciences revived and new sciences emerged,3. national languages and cultures took shape,4. art and literature flourishedBrief introduction▪There arose an interest in the manuscripts surviving from ancient Greece and Rome. Classical learning and philosophy were enthusiastically studied.▪The intellectual wisdom of ancient Greece and Rome encouraged a rebirth of human spirit，a realization of human potential for development and creation．▪Never before in human history were men and women so eager to create and discover something new．In Italy a group of artists，scientists，politicians，and writers created the most brilliant page of culture and science in Renaissance Europe．Examples:①Copernicus (哥白尼) asserted that the earth was not the center of the universe；②The passionate Petrarch produced sonnets that influenced Shakespeare and many others；③Boccaccio(卜伽邱) wrote tales of eternal charm: The Decameron；④Marco Polo (马可波罗) made journeys into the remote kingdom of China；⑤Michelangelo（米开朗琪罗），Leonardo da Vinci (达芬奇)，Raphael (拉斐尔)，and Titian (提香) createdpaintings and sculptures that are invaluable treasures of the world．<2>Essence and features▪Essence: It is the reflection of the rise of bourgeoisie in the sphere of cultural life.（另版本）：Renaissance, in essence, is a historical period in which the European humanist thinkers and scholars made attempts to:to get rid of conservatism in Feudalist Europe;to introduce new ideas that expressed the interests of the rising bourgeoisie,to lift the restrictions in all areas placed by the Roman church authorities.Briefly it is the reflection of the rise of bourgeoisie inthe sphere of cultural life.▪Features: there are two striking features①A thirsting curiosity for the classical literature.②The keen interest in the activities of humanity.<3>Renaissance and HumanismRenaissance: the term originally indicated a revival of classical arts and science after the dark ages of medieval obscurantism. Indeed, a great number of the works of classical authors were translated into English during the 16th century.Humanism：The progressive thinkers of the humanists held their chief interest not in ecclesiastical knowledge, but in man, his environment and doings and bravely fought for the emancipation of man from the tyranny of the church and religious dogmas.Humanism is the key-note of the Renaissance. It reflected the new outlook of the rising bourgeois class;<4>HumanismHumanism is the essence of the Renaissance. It sprang from the endeavor to restore a reverence for the Greek and Roman civilization based on the conception that man is the measure of all things.Contrary to the subordination of individuals to the feudal rules and the sacrifice of earthly life for a future life in the medieval society, Renaissance humanists found in the classics a justification to exalt human nature and came to see that human beings were glorious creatures capable of individual development for perfection.By emphasizing the dignity of human beings and the importance of the present life, they voiced their beliefs that man did not only have the right to enjoy life, but had the ability to perfect himself and to perform wonders.<5>Features of humanism in RenaissanceEmphasizing the power, value and dignity of the human being and holding that human beings are glorious creatures The core of Renaissance thought is the greatness of man/giants. This is best summarized in the lines of Shakespeare’s HamletWhat a piece of work is man; how noble in reason; how infinite in faculty, in form and moving how express and admirable; in action how like and angel; in apprehension how like a god! The beauty of the world, the paragon of animals.人是一件多么了不起的杰作！多么高贵的理性！多么伟大的力量！多么优美的仪表！多么文雅的举动！在行为上多么像一个天使！在智慧上多么想一个天神！宇宙的精华！万物的灵长！▪1. Emphasizing secular happiness and individualism against the medieval ideas of asceticism;▪2.shifting man’s interest from Christianity to humanity, from religion to philoso phy, from beauty and greatness of God to the beauty of human body in all its joys and pains.▪3. Applying Aristotle’s theory, Humanist literature mainly use realistic style and take literature as the mirror or miniature of the society.<6>Influence and English RenaissanceInfluences:1.These Italians, and many others, helped to make Italy the center of the Renaissance movement in Europe.2.The movement changed the medieval Western Europe into a modern one．3.The intellectual wisdom of ancient Greece and Rome encouraged a rebirth of human spirit，a realization of human potential for development and creationEnglish Renaissance:Oxford Reformers: the Oxford reformers, scholars and humanists introduced classical literature to England. Education was revitalized and literature became more popular.This was England’s Golden Age in literature. There appeared many English literary giants such as Shakespeare, Spenser, Johnson, Sidney, Marlowe, Bacon and Donne.English RenaissanceContents●I.TheSixteenthCentury England ●II. Renaissance in England ●III. The main artistic styles●IV. William Shakespeare●V. Francis BaconI. The Sixteenth Century England1. Enclosure Movement2. The establishment of absolute monarchy3. Religious reformation4. International situation5. Cultural preparati●The background of the humanism in Europe●The introduction of printing led to an enlarged reading public and a commercial market for literature;●The great economic and political changes led to the rise of democracy;●The spirit of nationalism;●The growing of "new science” etc.Characteristics of the Elizabethan Age1. An age of comparative religious tolerance;2. An age of comparative social contentment;3. An age of dreams, of adventures, of unbounded enthusiasm;4. An age of intellectual liberty, of growing intelligence and comfort among all classes and of unbounded patriotism.II. Renaissance in England▪The time: mainly from the reign of Henry VIII, Edward, Mary and then to Queen Elizabeth and Jacobean Eraa. Beginning: the last years of the 15-th century---first half of the 16-th centuryb. Flourishing: the Elizabethan Age (1558-1603)c. Declining: the period of James I (1603-1625) early 17-th centuryThe flowering of English literatureThe second half of the 16th century, “a nest of singing birds”The early period:imitation and assimilation, translated works, poetry and poetic drama were the most outstanding literary forms. ▪Sonnet: an exact form of poetry in 14 lines of iambic pentameter intricately rhymed.▪Blank verse: iambic pentameter unrhymedThe latter period:Drama— the real mainstream of the English Renaissanceyears 1587-93. they were all of humble birth and struggled for a livelihood by writing. Through hard work, they revised old plays and wrote new ones. They made rapid progress in dramatic techniques because they has close contact with the actors and audiences. They were looked down upon by the gentlemen and suspected by the government. It was their industrious works that furnished the Elizabethan stage.Christopher MarloweWilliam ShakespeareIII. The main artistic stylesThe artistic styles as lyric poetry, narrative poetry, drama are maturized; new styles which characterized the modern literature such as sonnets, short stories and novels were produced.translation:Ovid’s Metamorphoses, Homer’s Iliad, Montaigne’s Essays▪travel books:More’s Utopia▪poetry: Edmund Spenser▪drama: “University Wits”, Marlowe, Shakespeare▪essay: Francis BaconForerunner of utopian socialism▪An imaginative travel narrative written in the form of conversation between More and Hythloday, a returned voyager describing an ideal state governed by reason.▪The subject is the search for the best possible form of government: Utopia---a community of property---a pure, pre-Marx form of communism.The Sheph erd’s Calendar 《牧人日历》: 12 pastoral poems and eclogues, one for each month, put into the mouths of speakers distinguishing themselves as shepherds, really representing Spenser and his friends.▪Amoretti《爱情小诗》:a series of 88 sonnets in honor of his lover Elizabeth. All except one was written in the Spenserian sonnet.▪Epithlamion 《婚后曲》: marriage hymns to celebrate his marriage with Elizabeth.The Faerie Queene《仙后》:▪The blending of religious and historical allegory with chivalric romance: a long poem planned 12 books. 12 knights for the qualities of the chivalric virtues--- the six completed books are holiness, temperance, chastity, friendship, justice and courtesy.Fairy Queen—Queen Elizabeth, the knights as a whole --- England, the evil figures—enemies.Themes of the poem :●nationalism( celebration of Queen Elizabeth)●humanism (strong opposition to Roman Catholicism),●Puritanism (moral teaching)Spenserian stanza:it is a nine-line stanza with the first 8 lines iambic pentameter and the ninth, iambic hexameter 六步格的诗rhyming abab,bcbc,c which is the typical verse in The Faerie Queene.For its rare beauty, this verse form was much used by many later poets, esp. imitated by the romantic poets of the 19th century.Spenser’s position in English Literature:the publica tion of “The Shepherd’s Calendar” marks the budding of Renaissance flower in the northern island of England.The language he used was modern English which has distinguished itself from the Middle English of Chaucer's day. Spenserian stanza: a model of poetic art among the Renaissance English poets.“the poet’s poet”, the first master to make the Modern English the natural music of his poetic effusion and held his position as a model of poetic art. His influence can be traced in the works of Milton, Shelley and Keats.Life: short but riotous⏹Major works:➢Tamburlaine the Great:《帖木耳》•A drama in a blank verse•About the rise and fall of Tamburlaine the Mongol conqueror on the 14th century central Asia.•A tragedy about a man who thinks he can but actually can not control his own fate.•By depicting a great hero with high ambition and sheer brutal force, the author voiced the supreme desire of the man of the Renaissance for infinite power and authority.•➢The Jew of Malta:《马耳他的犹太人》•A study of the lust for wealth, which centers around Barabas the Jew, an old money lender, whose only philosophy is the art of gaining advantage.•Suggestive of Shylock in Shakespeare’s The Merchant of Venice.•A tragic result: typically greedy of riches and gold, which is another feature shared by those in Renaissance England. •➢The History of Doctor Faustus 《浮士德博士》•Refer to compare with Goethe’s Faust•The Faust myth in 16th century Germany: the myth of men seeking great earthly power from demons at the cost of their immortal soul.•The conventional view: Dr. Faustus is a morality play that vindicates humility, faith and obedience to the law of God. •The new view: Dr. Faustus celebrates the human passion for knowledge, power and happiness, and also reveals man’s frustration in realizing the high aspiration in a hostile moral order.⏹Social significance and literary achievement1.showing the spirit of the rising bourgeoisie. Its eager curiosity for knowledge, power and gold.The praise of individuality freed from the restraints of medieval dogmas and the conviction of the boundless possibility of human efforts in conquering the universe.The heroes are mainly individualists. Their individualistic ambition often brings ruin to the world and to themselves.…soul of the Age!The applause! Delight! The wonder of our stage! Triumph, my Britain, thou hast one to show To whom all scenes of Europe homage owe. He was not of an age, but for all time!William Shakespeare1. Brief Introduction2. Shakespeare’s dramaFour periods of his literary career Categories of his drama 3. the artistic features of his plays4. Shakespeare’s place and contribution5. Shakespeare’s sonnetsWhat to be at least known about ShakespeareLife: birthplace, birth date, death date, important time in his life and career●His major works: 37 plays(10histories, 10 comedies, 10 tragedies), 2 long narrative poems, 154 sonnets.Plays to be read: great comedies & 4 great tragedies●Writing features in each of four periodsI. Brief IntroductionA dramatist “not of an age, but of all time” by Ben Jonhson, not of Engla nd, but of the world.●Not only a master of English language but also a genius of character portrayal and plot construction●A “poet of reality” for his idea that literature should reflect nature and reality.●37 plays, 154 sonnets and 2 long poems.II. Shak espeare’s dramaFour Periods of Shakespeare’s Literary careerFour major phrases represent respectively his early, mature, flourishing and late periods.1. Period of early experiment and apprenticeship (1590-1594)Background:A. it was in the middle of the highly thriving Elizabethan Age.B. The thoughts of humanism and the ideas of man’s emancipation, freedom of love was rapidly spread.C. Shakespeare was a young man full of astonishing versatility and wonderful talent and the great interest in the political questions of his time.Features:A. the writer made experiments in a number of dramatic forms: the historical plays, comedy, the revenge tragedy and the romantic tragedy.B. this period is distinctively marked by youthfulness and exuberance of imagination, by extravagance of witty language or speech, and by the final and frequent use of blank verse. In his hand, blank verse developed into a happy vehicle to express all kinds of thoughts and emotions (thus shaking off the rigidity of rimed and mechanic lines) .2. Period of maturity (1595-1600)Features:A. a period of “great comedies” and mature historical plays and sonnets.B. a sweet and joyful time when the writer portrays successfully a magnificent panorama of the manifold pursuit of people in real life.C. a great shift in characterization. A notable gallery of heroines in the comedies and vivid characters in historical plays is presented: Portia, Posalynd, Voila, Beatrice, Sir John Falstaff.3. Period of gloom and depression (1601-1607)Background:A. the aggravation of the social situation: the rising of peasants, the corruption, the tension between bourgeoisie and the feudal lands.B. the change of mood in the playwright: gloomy and indignantFeatures:A. a period of “great tragedies” and “dark comedies”B. the writer gave a scathing exposition of the somber pictures and scenes of murder, lust, treachery, ingratitude and crime.C. a higher level of crafts is reached: more intricate plotting, intense inner conflict, meticulous depiction of human mind.4. Period of calm and reconciliation (1608-1612)Background:A. the fall and collapse of absolute monarchB. the retirement of the playwright back into the tranquil countrysideFeatures:A. some serenity and optimism, instead of the beginning lightness and the middle somber violence reigned.B. romantic dramas and comedies were the main form.C. moral teaching and supernatural forces were relied on to restore the rightful honor and position. These plays all show a falling off from his previous works.Categories of his dramacomedies histories tragedies romances？？Comedy is a light form of drama aiming primarily to amuse and ending happily. It often deals with people in their human state, restrained and ridiculous by their limitations, faults, bodily functions.Four Great ComdiesThe Merchant of VeniceA Midsummer Night’s DreamAs you Like itTwelfth NightComedies of the First PeriodThe keynote of his comedies:●to portray people just freed from the feudal fetters, sing of youth, love and ideas of happiness.●The heroes and heroines fight against destiny and mould their fate according to their own free will. Thus becomethe sons and daughters of Renaissance.●The victory of humanist ideal is inevitable. The general spirit of these plays is optimistic.The Merchant of Venice•The double plot: one is about the Bassanio’s winning of a bride by undergoing a test; the other is about the demanding of a pound of human flesh by Shylock.•The traditional theme is to praise the friendship between Antonio and Bassanio, to idealize Portia as a heroine of great beauty, wit and loyalty and to expose the insatiable greed and brutality of the Jew.•The new one is to regard the play as a satire of the Christian hypocrisy and their false standards of friendship and love, their cunning ways of pursuing worldliness and unreasoning prejudice against Jews.Portia: a rich heiress of Belmont in Shakespeare's comedy The Merchant of Venice.●1. Portia is a woman of Renaissance—beautiful, prudent, cultured, courteous and capable of rising to an emergency. She is one of Shakespear’s ideal women.●2. the young heroes in Shakespeare's comedies are always independent in character and take their own path of life.History plays aim to present some historical age or character, and may be either a comedy or a tragedy.●His histories include two tetralogies (四部曲)and two other plays. Characterizes two centuries of English history from Richard III to Henry VIII (1377-1547)●There is only one ideal king---Henry V who represents the aspiration for national unity under a powerful and efficient monarchy.The image of Henry V:Henry V is the symbol of Shakespear’s ideal kingship. He represents the upsurging patriotism of the time. In depicting Henry V as a prince and as a man, Shakespeare looks deep into the personality of his hero and shows a profound understanding of the politics and social life of the time.Theme: Shakespeare’s historical plays describe the decaying of the old feudal society an d the rising of the new forces. His historical plays sum up the necessity for national unity under a mighty and just sovereign. The idea is anti-feudal inIt is concerned with the harshness and injustice of life. They are often serious plays with sad endings.●Often the hero’s tragedy is due to a weakness in his or her character which brings self-destruction. A weakness such as the excessive pride of Faustus, the overweening ambition of Macbeth, or the uncontrolled jealousy of Othello.●In S hakespeare’s plays, he saw sharp contradictions between his lofty humanistic ideals and the evil social forces. Background for Shakespeare’s tragediesHe began to observe life with penetration, to expose mercilessly the contradiction of the Elizabethan society. The economical and social crisis which began at the end of the reign of Queen Elizabeth continued right up to the English Revolution.The bourgeoisie intended to break up the yoke of absolute monarchy and struggled for free development.It was in this atmosphere of general unrest that he created his great tragedies.Four Great Tragedies All analyzing the human wickedness.●Hamlet: the hero’s weakness makes him vulnerable in fighting against the outward evil.●Othello shows how an outward evil make s use of the hero’s weakness and causes his fall.●King Lear demonstrates how man’s mistake sets free the evils of treachery, hypocrisy, flattery, selfishness and distrust.●Macbeth reveals how the outward evil stirs up the wickedness in man and destroys him.Hamlet“Hamlet” is considered the summit of Shakespeare's art.Hamlet is a man of genius, highly accomplished and educated, a man of profound perception and sparkling wit. He is a scholar, soldier and statesman all combined. His image reflects the versatility of the man of Renaissance.Hamlet’s melancholy is not the negative, over-subtle and fruitless kind, it is the result of his penetrating mind. It expresses, in away, the crisis of humanism at the end of the 16th and the beginning of the 17th century.III. the artistic features of his plays1. Characterization: By using comparison and contrasts, he depicts a group of individuals with strong and distinct personalities.The melancholy of Hamlet, the wickedness of Claudius and Iago, the honesty of Othello, ambition of Macbeth and the beauty and wit of Portia.2. Psycho-analytical study: He reveals the intricate inner workings of the character’s minds through the full use of soliloquies(独白).3. Structure:⏹His plays usu. have more than one plot. Through contrast and parallel, the major and minor plots are woven intoan organic whole.⏹the device of a play within the play also plays an important part.4. Language: Shakespeare is a master of the English language, with a large vocabulary of 16000 English words. More important are the figurative speeches such as analogy and metaphor.5. style: realistic style. The reader may be impressed by the typical speech modes —the question in Hamlet, the ambiguities in Macbeth, the exclamations and very simple but also very basic questions in King Lear.IV. Shakespeare’s place and contributionOne of the founder of realism in world literature. Living in the historical period of the transition from feudalism to capitalism, he paints a panorama of the decline of the old feudal nobility and the rise of new bourgeoisie.Amazing prolificacy. In 22years, nearly 40 plays, no two of which evoke the same feeling or image among the audience, a master of every forms of drama.Skilled in many poetic forms. The songs, sonnets, couplets, esp. at home with blank verse, which became a vehicle of utterance to all the possible sentiments of his characters.A great master of English language. He has an amazing wealth of vocabulary and idiom. He is known to have used 16,000 different words. His coinage of new words and distortion of the meaning of the old ones also create striking effects on the reader.He was universally regarded are the summit of English Renaissance. His influence on later writers is immeasurable. Almost all English writers after him have been influenced by him either in artistic point view, in literary form or in language.SonnetDefinition:▪A sonnet is a fourteen-line poem in iambic pentameter with a carefully patterned rhyme scheme.Origin:▪A form of lyrical poetry was originated in Italy. “sonnet” was derived from Provencal (普罗旺斯语) “Sonet”. It was once a short popular poetry used for singing in the medieval age.▪Italian poet Petrarch was the major representatives of the poets who used this poetic form. He wrote altogether 375 sonnets, dedicated to his lover. That is the Petrarchan sonnet.▪Sonnet was introduced into England by Thomas Wyatt . It flourished in the 1590s and reach its peak of popularity with the surge of Renaissance in England.Two types of sonnetThe Italian, or Petrarchan sonnet :Petrarchan Sonnet▪The Italian form, in some ways the simpler of the two, Its fourteen lines break into an octave （八行诗）(or octet), which usually rhymes abba,abba, and a sestet （六行诗节）, which may rhyme cdecde or cdcdcd, or any of the multiple variations possible using only two or three rhyme-sounds.▪It usually projects and develops a subject in the octave, then executes a turn at the beginning of the sestet, which means that the sestet must in some way release the tension built up in the octave.▪Example: see Wyatt's "Farewell Love and all thy laws for ever."Farewell, LoveSir Thomas Wyatt (1503~1542)Farwell, Love, and all thy laws forever,Thy baited hooks shall tangle me no more;Senec and Plato call me from thy lore,To perfect wealth my wit for to endeavor,In blind error then I did persever,Thy sharp repulse, that prickth aye so sore,Hath taought me to set in trifles no storeAnd’ scape forth since liberty is leverTherefore farewell, go trouble younger hearts, And in me claim no more authorityWith idle youth go use thy property,And therein spend thy many brittle darts,For hitherto though I have lost all my time,Me lusteth no longer rotten boughs to climb.别了，爱，以及你所有的法则，你上饵的钩子不再能把我缠绞，塞内克与柏拉图叫我离开你那套，并尽我才智把完美的财富获得。

Module 2 The Renaissance【导读】圣诞节之际，马奇家的四个女孩子都决心努力做个好女孩，不再滥发脾气，不再懒惰，不再自私。

阅读下列节选自小说《小妇人》的片段，看一下这些女孩子们是怎样度过这个快乐的圣诞节的。

Little Women(excerpt)Jo was the first to wake up on Christmas morning，but soon they were all awake and they went downstairs.“Where's Mother？” asked Meg.“I don't know，”said old Hannah.She had lived with the family since Meg was born，and was more like a friend than a servant.“Some poor woman came to the d oor and your mother went off to see w hat was needed.”“She'll be back soon，”said Meg.She looked at the presents for her mother which were in a basket under a chair，ready to bring out at the right time.“Where is Amy's bottle of perfume？”“She went to put some pretty paper round it，I think，”said Jo.Suddenly，they heard the outside door close.“Here's Mother！Hide the basket，quick！”said Jo.But it was Amy.She came in quickly.“Where have you been，and what's that behind you？”asked Meg.“I ran to the shop and changed the little bottle of perfume for a big one，”sai d Amy.“I spent all my money to get it, and I'm not going to be selfish any more！”Meg smiled proudly and put her arms around her sister.Then there was another bang from the outside door，and the basket was pushed back under the chair.The girls ran to the table，ready for their breakfast.“Happy Christmas，Mother！”they shouted.“Happy Christmas，little daughters！”said Mrs March.Then the smile disappeared from her face.“Girls，listen.Not far away is a poor woman，Mrs Hummel，with a new baby.Her six children are in one bed，trying to keep warm，as they have no wood for a fire.There is nothing to eat and they are hungry and cold.Will you give them your breakfast as a Christmas present？”For a minute no one spoke.Then Jo said，“Mother，I'm so glad you came back before we began to eat！”And the girls quickly began to put their breakfast in a basket.“I knew you would do it，”said Mrs March，smiling.She took the girls and Hannah to a cold，miserable little room in an old building，where they found a sick mother，a crying baby，and a group of children with white，frightened faces.The children were on the bed under a blanket，trying to keep warm.The woman almost cried with happiness when she saw the girls.Hannah，who had brought wood，made a fire.Mrs March gave the mother tea and hot food，then she dressed the little baby gently.The girls put the children round the fire and fed them like hungry birds.It was a very happy meal，although the girls ate none of it.But no one was happier than those hungry young ladies who gave away their breakfast on Christmas morning.Mrs March was surprised and pleased when she saw her presents later.There was a lot of laughing and kissing and explaining.Then，for the rest of the day，the girls were busy.Jo liked to write plays，and the four of them were going to act one that evening.They had learned their words，and had worked hard to make strange and wonderful clothes for all the different characters in the play.《小妇人》节选圣诞节清晨，琼是第一个醒来的，可随后她们就都醒了，然后下了楼。

1RenaissanceThe Renaissance (UK/rɨˈneɪsəns/, US/ˈrɛnɨsɑːns/)[1] is a period in Europe, from the 14th to the 17th century, considered the bridge between the Middle Ages and modern history. It started as a cultural movement in Italy in the Late Medieval period and later spread to the rest of Europe, marking the beginning of the Early Modern Age.The Renaissance's intellectual basis was humanism, derived from the rediscovery of classical Greek philosophy, such as that of Protagoras, who said, that "Man is the measure of all things." This new thinking became manifest in art, architecture, politics, science and literature. Early examples were the development of perspective in oil painting and the recycled knowledge of how to make concrete. Although the inventionof metal movable type sped the dissemination of ideas from the later 15th century, the changes of the Renaissance were not uniformly experienced across Europe.As a cultural movement, it encompassed innovative flowering of Latin and vernacular literatures, beginning with the 14th century resurgence of learning based on classical sources, which contemporaries credited to Petrarch; the development oflinear perspective and other techniques of rendering a more natural reality in painting; and gradual but widespread educational reform. In politics, the Renaissance contributed to the development of the customs and conventions of diplomacy, and in science to an increased reliance on observation and inductive reasoning. Although the Renaissance saw revolutions in many intellectual pursuits, as well as social and political upheaval, it is perhaps best known for its artistic developments and the contributions ofsuch polymaths as Leonardo da Vinci and Michelangelo, who inspired the term "Renaissance man".[2][3]There is a consensus that the Renaissance began in Florence, in the 14thcentury.[4] Various theories have been proposed to account for its origins and characteristics, focusing on a variety of factors including the social and civic peculiarities of Florence at the time; its political structure; the patronage of its dominant family,the Medici;[5][6] and the migration of Greek scholars and texts to Italy following the Fall of Constantinople at the hands of the Ottoman Turks.[7][8][9] Other major centres were northern Italian city-states such as Venice, Genoa, Bologna, Milan andfinally Rome during the Renaissance Papacy.The Renaissance has a long and complex historiography, and, in line with general scepticism of discrete periodizations, there has been much debate among historians reacting to the 19th-century glorification of the "Renaissance" and individual culture heroes as "Renaissance men", questioning the usefulness of Renaissance as a term andas a historical delineation.[10] The art historian Erwin Panofsky observed of this resistance to the concept of "Renaissance":It is perhaps no accident that the factuality of the Italian Renaissance has been most vigorously questioned by those who are not obliged to take a professional interest in the aesthetic aspects of civilization—historians of economic and social developments, political and religious situations, and, most particularly, natural science—but only exceptionally by students of literature and hardly ever by historians of Art.[11]Some observers have called into question whether the Renaissance was a cultural "advance" from the Middle Ages, instead seeing it as a period of pessimismand nostalgia for classical antiquity,[12] while social and economic historians, especially of the longue durée, have instead focused on the continuity between the two eras[13] which are linked, as Panofsky himself observed, "by a thousand ties".[14]The word Renaissance, literally meaning "Rebirth" in French, first appears in English in the 1830s.[15] The word occurs in Jules Michelet's 1855 work, Histoire de France. The word Renaissance has also been extended to other historical and cultural movements, such as the Carolingian Renaissance and the Renaissance of the 12th century.[16]2RepresentativesAlfred Tennyson, among many others. In addition, the first use of the interlockingthree-line rhyme scheme, or the terza rima, is attributed to him.Dante has been called "the Father of the Italian language".[2] In Italy, Dante is often referred to as il Sommo Poeta("the Supreme Poet") and il Poeta; he, Petrarch, and Boccaccio are also called "the three fountains" or "the three crowns".The Divine Comedy describes Dante's journeythrough Hell (Inferno), Purgatory (Purgatorio), and Paradise (Paradiso)Dante, like most Florentines of his day, was embroiled in the Guelph–Ghibelline conflict. He fought in the Battle of Campaldino (June 11, 1289), with the Florentine Guelphs against Arezzo Ghibellines; then in 1294 he was among the escorts of Charles Martel of Anjou (grandson of Charles I of Naples, more commonly called Charles of Anjou) while he was in Florence. To further his political career, he became a pharmacist. He did not intend to practice as one, but a law issued in 1295 required nobles aspiring to public office to be enrolled in one of the CorporazionidelleArti e deiMestieri, so Dante obtained admission to the Apothecaries' Guild. This profession was not inappropriate, since at that time books were sold from apothecaries' shops. As a politician he accomplished little, but held various offices over some years in a city rife with political unrest.After defeating the Ghibellines, the Guelphs divided into two factions: the White Guelphs (Guelfi Bianchi)—Dante's party, led by VierideiCerchi—and the Black Guelphs (GuelfiNeri), led by Corso Donati. Although the split was along family lines at first, ideological differences arose based on opposing views of the papal role in Florentine affairs, with the Blacks supporting the Pope and the Whites wanting more freedom from Rome. The Whites took power first and expelled the Blacks. In response, Pope Boniface VIII planned a military occupation of Florence. In 1301, Charles of Valois, brother ofKing Philip IV of France, was expected to visit Florence because the Pope had appointed him peacemaker for Tuscany. But the city's government had treated the Pope's ambassadors badly a few weeks before, seeking independence from papal influence. It was believed that Charles had received other unofficial instructions, so the council sent a delegation to Rome to ascertain the Pope's intentions. Dante was one of the delegates.2. Leonardo da Vinci。

Module 2 The Renaissance词汇短语园地1. appeal v. 恳求；呼吁搭配：（1）appeal to sb （for sth）（为某事）呼吁/恳请某人He appealed to his friends for help.他向朋友们请求帮助。

（2）appeal to sb to do sth 呼吁/恳请某人做某事The police appealed to the crowd to keep calm.警察向群众呼吁要保持冷静。

（1）appeal v. 上诉；有吸引力搭配：1）appeal against sth 不服某事而上诉He appealed against the five-year sentence he had been given.他对被判五年徒刑提出上诉。

2）appeal to sb 迎合某人的爱好；吸引某人The idea appealed to Mary.这主意正合玛丽的心意。

（2）appeal n. 呼吁，恳求；上诉；吸引力The country has made an appeal for help to the world.那个国家向世界求助。

The new fashion soon lost its appeal.这种新式样很快就失去了吸引力。

2. loss n. 丢失；丧失The loss of her purse caused her much inconvenience.丢失钱包给她带来了诸多不便。

The loss of income for the government is about $250 million a month.政府收入每月大概减少2.5亿美元。

3. seek v. 寻找；寻求We sought （for）an answer to the question，but couldn’t find one.我们寻求这个问题的答案，可是没能找到。

【词汇讲解】Module 2 The Renaissance 词汇考点探究解密考点解读1．appeal v．恳求，呼吁；诉诸；求助；有吸引力；(律)上诉n．呼吁，恳求；吸引力；上诉This poem makes an appeal to the emotions.精讲拓展：①make an appeal to sb.向某人提出呼吁，引起某人兴趣②appeal to sb. for为……向某人呼吁(请求)③appeal to...向……呼吁，诉诸于/求助于，对……有吸引力，上诉④appeal to arms(force)诉诸武力⑤appeal for mercy/sympathy请求宽恕/同情误区警示：appeal作为一个多义词，应用的具体语境是值得注意的。

朗文在线：①The United Nations' appeal for a ceasefire has been largely ignored by both sides. 总的来说，双方对联合国关于停火的呼吁不予理会。

②The police are appealing to the public for information about the crime.警方呼吁公众提供有关这宗罪案的信息。

命题方向：appeal构成的短语和句型很有可能在高考单项填空和完形填空中考查。

活学巧练：(1)Bright colors appeal_to small children.(替换)________(2)He appealed_to his friends for support.(替换)________(3)We will ________(求助于)a great variety of sources of information.答案：(1)interests (2)turned to (3)appeal to(4)(2010·杭州高三模拟)—Did he say something in the lecture that ________ you?—Not really. Actually I felt sleepy over his speech.A. adjusted toB. attached toC. referred toD. appealed to答案与解析：D 考查动词短语辨析。

The RenaissanceT he Renaissance refers to the period in European civilization towards the end of the Middle Ages, which was characterized by a surge of interest in classical learning and values.1.The origin of the RenaissanceThe Renaissance emerged when social instability, economic sluggishness and intellectual depression became so intolerable that most of the people, especially the intellectuals could no longer accept the worsening situation. The Renaissance as a movement first started in Florence and then expanded to Venice, Rome and other Italian cities before it swept the rest parts of Europe. Painting and sculpture were the most sensitive fields to the change with their subjects and tastes, shifting from dullness, stagnation, lack of emotion and divinity to dynamics, enthusiasm and humanitarianism. Literature and ideology soon followed as other important areas proceeded and the movement further separated itself from feudalistic tyranny, ecclesiastic bondage and sought intellectual freedom and ideological emancipation.2.The characteristics of the RenaissanceThe Renaissance is characterized by seeking ideological emancipation, intellectual freedom and political awareness, based on cultural production and religious reformation. All these were undertaken or unfolded gradually but widely, extending its influences to every corner of Europe, with more and more people getting involved. The achievements were seen principally in six areas, namely, painting, sculpture, poetry, fiction, drama and religious reformation as well as the change in the cultural and intellectual climate.3.The influence of the RenaissanceThe Renaissance was an important stage in the historical process of the Western civilization and indicated a transitional period from the Middle Ages to the modern era in the development of Western culture. Economic and intellectual changes during the Renaissance both helped to speed up Western social and cultural development and prepared the necessary conditions for the rapid progress in political, social and ideological areas of the Modern Age.文艺复兴是指由于意大利最早产生了资本主义萌芽，13世纪末在意大利兴起，以后扩散到西欧各国，16世纪盛行的一场思想文化运动。

英语(新标准)(高中阶段)顺序选修8Module2TheRenaissance教学设计《英语》（新标准）高中必修8 第二模块整体解读及分析模块整体解读及分析《英语》（新标准）高中选修8 Module 2 The Renaissance话题The Renaissance功能任务课时划分Talking about a paintingDescribing a Chinese painting第一课时第二课时第三课时第四课时Reading and vocabularyReading practiceCultural cornerGrammar第一课时一、教学内容分析教学内容教学对象教学项目《英语》（新标准）高中选修8 The Renaissance Reading and vocabulary The Renaissance高二学生教材内容The Renaissance词语Some words related to the Renaissance 结构Sentence structures其他语言知识Important words, phrases and structures 语言技能Develop and improve the ability of reading by groupwork语言运用Understand the difficult language points文化意识Learn about the background of the Renaissance,theachievements and representatives in some fields情感态度Encourage them to get more information about theRenaissance after class学习策略Cooperate,Get the information they need by working togetherHow to deal with the important and difficult points by cooperationLeading，motivating, directing, explainingTask-centermedia二、课堂教学过程预设时间教学步骤教师活动学生活动教学目的教学目标教学重点教学难点运用任务教学方法教学媒体10’Step oneHomeworkcheckingIntroduction/vocabulary Homework: Search for information about the Mona Lisa in different ways.(textbook, reference book, library, the Internet, friends 。