标题_2018-2019学年高中三维设计一轮复习英语人教版：Topic 5 Under the sea (Book 7

■子话题(一)文学初背：月日再背：月日一、必背话题词汇(一)文学用词1．literature n．文学2．masterpiece n. 杰作3．adaptation n. 改编本；适应4．novel n. 小说5．fiction n. 小说；虚构的事6．poem n. 诗7．poetry n. (总称)诗8．lyric n. 抒情诗9．essay n. 散文；文章；随笔10．myth n. 神话11．legend n. 传说；传奇故事12．biography n. 传记13．chapter n. 章14．volume n. 卷15．periodical/journal n. 期刊16．description n. 描述；描写17．draft n. 草稿；草案v t. 起草；草拟18．original adj. 原创的n. 原作19．publish v t. 出版；发行20．recommend v t. 推荐21．subscribe v. 订阅；订购(报刊等)22．fairy tale 童话故事23．classical literature/work 古典文学/作品24．detective novel 侦探小说25．mystery novel 悬疑小说26．science fiction 科幻小说27．works appreciation 作品欣赏28．a book review 书评29．be set in 以……为背景30．adapt ... from ... 根据……改编……31．translate ... into ... 把……翻译成……(二)外国著作名称(了解词汇)1．The Ad v entures of Tom Sa w yer《汤姆·索亚历险记》2．Pride and Prejudice《傲慢与偏见》3．Uncle Tom's Cabin《汤姆叔叔的小屋》4．The Old Man and the Sea《老人与海》5．Anderson's Fairy Tales《安徒生童话集》6．Grimm's Fairy Tales《格林童话集》7．Wuthering Heights《呼啸山庄》8．Sister Carrie《嘉莉妹妹》9．Jane Eyre《简·爱》10．Robinson Crusoe《鲁滨逊漂流记》11．Gone w ith the Wind《飘》(《乱世佳人》)12．A Tale of T w o Cities《双城记》13．Tales from a Thousand and One Nights《天方夜谭》(《一千零一夜》)14．Oli v er T w ist《雾都孤儿》15．Aesop's Fables《伊索寓言》16．The Million Pound Bank Note《百万英镑》[阅读中常见的四六级词汇]1．Literature is a kind of intellectual light, which, like the light of the sun, may sometimes enable us to see what we do not like.文学是一种理智之光，它和阳光一样，有时能使我们看到我们不喜欢的东西。

Topic 1English around the world (Book 1•Unit 2)Ⅰ.阅读理解A话题词数建议用时意大利对外来移民进行语言测试323 7分钟lived here seven years as a caregiver to Italian kids and the elderly, but in order to stay she's had to prove her language skills by taking a test which requires her to write a postcard to an imaginary friend and answer a fictional job ad.Italy is the latest Western European country trying to control a growing immigrant (移民) population by demanding language skills in exchange for work permits, or in some cases, citizenship.Some immigrant advocates worry that as hard financial times make it more difficult for natives to keep jobs, such measures will become more a vehicle for intolerance than integration (融合). Others say it's only natural that newcomers learn the language of their host nation, seeing it as a condition to ensure they can contribute to society.Other European countries laid down a similar requirement for immigrants, and some terms are even tougher. The governments argue that this will help foreigners better join the society and promote understanding across cultures.Italy, which has a much weaker tradition of immigration, has witnessed a sharp increase in immigration in recent years. In 1990, immigrants numbered some 1.14 million out of Italy's then 56.7 million people, or about 2 percent. At the start of this year, foreigners living in Italy amounted to 4.56 million of a total population of 60.6 million, or 7.5 percent, with immigrants' children accounting for an ever larger percentage of births in Italy.Cojochru, the Moldovan caregiver, hoped obtaining permanent residence (居住权) would help her bring her two children to Italy; they live with her sister in Moldova, where salaries are among the lowest in Europe. She was skeptical that the language requirement would encourage integration.Italians always “see me as a foreigner，”an outsider, even though she's stayed in the country for years and can speak the local language fluently, she said.语篇解读：本文是一篇议论文，主要探讨了意大利刚出台的对日益增长的移民所采取的语言测试项目及人们对该项目的不同看法。

Module 1British and American EnglishⅠ.单词—在语境中默写，在联想中积累[写得准][用得活][积得多] 1.accent n．口音2.structure n. 结构；体系3.present v t. 陈述；提出(观点、计划等)adj. 目前的；到场的；出席的4.attempt n．& v. 尝试；努力bination n．结合→combine v t.结合6.confusing adj.令人困惑的；难懂的→confuse v t.使困惑→confused adj.感到困惑的pare v t.比较→comparison n．比较；比喻8.variety n．种类→variation n．变化→vary v．改变；使变化→various adj.各种各样的9.differ v i.不同，有区别→difference n．不同；区别→different adj.不同的，有区别的用所给词的适当形式填空1.The confused look on her faceshowed she was confused by theconfusing question.(confuse)2. From the appearance, we cannot tell the differences betweenthe twins, though they alwayshave some different ideas. As forthis phenomenon, ideas differamong many people.(differ)3.He made simple remarks onher remarkableachievements.(remark)4.After he was criticised by thecritic,_he realized that criticismwas very important.(criticise)5.The book explains grammarsimply and clearly, because theauthor used simple examplesentences to simplify abstractconcepts.(simple)bine反义词集锦①separate v t.使分离；使分开②divide v. 分开③divorce v. (使)离婚/分离④isolate v. 隔离；孤立⑤split v t. 分离；使分离2.-ify结尾动词清单①simplify 简化②identify 确定；鉴定；识别③electrify 使电气化；使充电④horrify 使恐惧⑤classify 分类；分等⑥modify 修改，修饰；更改Ⅲ.句式—在解读中学懂，在仿写中学通[背原句][记句式][会仿用] 1.Americans use a flashlight, while forthe British, it's a torch.美国人把手电筒称为flashlight，而英国人叫它torch。

■子话题(一)旅行事宜初背：月日再背：月日一、必背话题词汇1．journey n．旅行；行程2．tour n. 参观；观光；旅行3．voyage n. 航行；旅行4．outing n. 郊游；远足5．traveller n. 旅行者6．tourist n. 旅行者；观光者7．visa n. 签证8．passport n. 护照9．guide n. 向导；导游10．agent n. 代理人；经纪人11．application n. 申请12．insurance n. 保险13．arrangement n. 安排；布置14．accommodation n. 住宿；膳宿15．suitcase n. 手提箱；衣箱；行李箱16．baggage/luggage n. 行李17．pack n. 包；捆v t.打包；包装18．reserve v t.预订19．put up 投宿20．check in 登记入住21．check out 结账离开22．leave for 动身前往23．set out/off 出发24．book a room 预订房间25．travel agency 旅行社26．travel brochure/guide 旅行指南27．self-driving travel 自驾游28．make a trip to 去……旅行29．be on holiday 去度假30．explore a forest 森林探险31．a round-trip ticket 双程票32．group/organized tour 团体游[阅读中常见的四六级词汇]1．resort n．旅游胜地2．souvenir n. 纪念品3．straighten out 清理；整顿4．be on vacation abroad 去国外度假5．lessen the discomfort 减少不适二、必背话题佳句1．We'd like to ask your travel agency to arrange for us to take a two days' trip.我们想请你们旅行社为我们安排一次为期两天的旅游。

Unit 5Nelson Mandela — a modern hero一、单词表词汇全查验——运用多媒体，提问默写词汇Ⅰ.阅读词汇(英译汉)[第一屏听写]1．mean adj.吝啬的；自私的；卑鄙的2．generous adj. 慷慨的；大方的3．easy-going adj. 随和的；温和宽容的4．self n. 自我；自身5．selfish adj. 自私的6．selfless adj. 无私的；忘我的7．selflessly ad v. 无私地；忘我地[第二屏听写]8．invader n．侵略者9．republic n. 共和国；共和政体10．principle n. 法则；原则；原理11．livelihood n. 生计；谋生12．mankind n. 人类13．lawyer n. 律师14．legal adj. 法律的；依照法律的15．fee n. 费(会费、学费等)；酬金[第三屏听写]16．league n．同盟；联盟；联合会17．Youth League 青年团18．quote n. 引用语；语录19．release v t. 释放；发行20．blanket n. 毛毯；毯子21．terror n. 恐怖；可怕的人；恐怖时期；恐怖活动22．anti-[前缀]_反；抗；阻23．anti-black adj. 反黑人的Ⅱ.高频词汇(汉译英)[第四屏听写]1．quality n．质量；品质；性质2．warm-hearted adj. 热心肠的3．active adj. 积极的；活跃的4．devote v t. (与to连用)献身；专心于5．devoted adj. 忠实的；深爱的6．found v t. 建立；建设7．peaceful adj. 和平的；平静的；安宁的8．hopeful adj. 怀有希望的；有希望的[第五屏听写]9．youth n．青年；青年时期10．guidance n. 指导；领导11．stage n. 舞台；阶段；时期12．vote v t.&v i. 投票；选举n. 投票；选票；表决13．attack v t. 进攻；攻击；抨击14．equal adj. 相等的；平等的15．willing adj. 乐意的；自愿的[第六屏听写]16．unfair adj.不公正的；不公平的17．escape v i.&v t. 逃脱；逃走；避开；泄露18．educate v t. 教育；训练19．educated adj. 受过教育的；有教养的20．beg v i. 请求；乞求21．relative n. 亲戚；亲属22．reward n. 报酬；奖金v t. 酬劳；奖赏[第七屏听写] 23．sentence v t.判决；宣判24．president n. 总统；会长；校长；行长25．opinion n. 意见；看法；主张26．violence n. 暴力；暴行27．cruelty n. 残忍；残酷28．out_of_work 失业29．as_a_matter_of_fact 事实上[第八屏听写]30．blow_up使充气；爆炸31．in_trouble 在危险、受罚、痛苦、忧虑等的处境中32．turn_to 求助于；致力于33．lose_heart 丧失勇气或信心34．come_to_power 当权；上台35．set_up 设立；建立36．be_sentenced_to 被判处……(徒刑)二、单元核心考点初热身——提供语境，单元考点自测回顾(一)分类识记单词——用时少·功效高⇩积得多(平时多输入，用时顺手出)(二)语段串记短语——不枯燥·兴趣高⇩积得多(平时多输入，用时顺手出)(三)仿写用活句式——造佳句·表达高1．devote vt.献身；专心于单句语法填空①Once married, Jo devoted her whole life to looking after children and being a full time homemaker.②Devoting (devote) herself/Devoted (devote) to teaching the deaf children, the young lady has little time to care for her own daughter.③To be honest, Li Lei is my devoted (devote) friend.④His devotion (devote) to this work moves the people deeply.补全句子⑤You will never gain success unless you are_fully_devoted_to your work.除非你完全专注于你的工作，不然你永远不会获得成功。

Topic 2Theme parks (Book 4•Unit 5)Ⅰ.阅读理解ADriving on up to Yosemite with my family was exciting butnerve-racking (神经紧张的). I had never been to such an amazing nationalpark before, yet I wasn't the most athletic person, so I knew that I couldn'tstick through all the hiking up and down. It actually ended up being a fun andadventurous experience.The ride there was definitely long but worth it. As I woke up from mynap, I saw the beautiful scenery of the tall mountains and beautiful streams. The trails were made nicely for visitors. The waterfalls were breathtaking. Climbing up rocks was one of my favorite parts. Even though I fell a couple of times, I still had a lot of fun. The fact that my family and I spent so much time together trying to find out which route to take and what views to watch really brought us closer together.The great thing about nature is that, it's just you, the views, and the people around you. There's nothing there to bother you and it's the best way to relax and enjoy yourself. Yosemite has 5 of the world's highest waterfalls, and about 300 lakes. The structure of each mountain is incredible; it's formed in ways that almost take your breath away. Some of them are of a deep dark color with waterfalls forming; some are formed with spots of green peeking (窥探) out. It's definitely something you wouldn't want to miss.Yosemite isn't the only great National Park but based on my experience I highly recommend going out and enjoying nature with family and friends. It's a great time to bond, laugh, and take in what Mother Nature offers.A．introduce the topic of this passageB．offer an example to usC．tell us his future plan for hikingD．describe a national park解析：选A推理判断题。

■子话题(一)食物与食材初背：月日再背：月日一、必背话题词汇(一)粮食与主食1．wheat n．小麦2．soybean n. 大豆；黄豆3．flour n. 面粉；粉4．grain n. 谷物；谷类5．dumpling n. 饺子6．pancake n. 薄煎饼7．porridge n. 稀饭；粥8．hamburger n. 汉堡包9．sandwich n. 三明治10．toast n. 烤面包片；吐司11．beancurd n. 豆腐12．cuisine n. 饭菜；菜肴(二)甜食1．biscuit n. 饼干2．cookie n. 小甜饼3．dessert n. 甜点4．sweet n. 甜食；甜点；糖果(三)肉食1．bacon n. 熏咸肉；腊肉2．beef n. 牛肉3．mutton n. 羊肉4．pork n. 猪肉5．steak n. 牛排；肉排；鱼排6．sausage n. 香肠；腊肠(四)蔬菜1．tomato n. 西红柿2．cabbage n. 卷心菜；洋白菜3．eggplant n. 茄子4．garlic n. 大蒜5．mushroom n. 蘑菇6．onion n. 洋葱；洋葱头(五)水果1．peach n. 桃2．grape n. 葡萄3．lemon n. 柠檬4．strawberry n. 草莓5．pineapple n. 菠萝6．melon n. (甜)瓜7．watermelon n. 西瓜8．cherry n. 樱桃(六)零食及其他1．refreshments n. 点心；便餐2．chips n．(pl.) 炸土豆条(片)；炸薯条3．cream n. 奶油；乳脂4．butter n. 黄油；奶油5．cheese n. 奶酪6．honey n. 蜂蜜7．pepper n. 胡椒粉；辣椒8．popcorn n. 爆米花9．sauce n. 酱；调味汁10．vinegar n. 醋[阅读中常见的四六级词汇]1．An apple a day keeps the doctor away.每天一苹果，疾病远离我。

■子话题(一)学习内容初背：月日再背：月日一、必背话题词汇1．alphabet n．字母；字母表2．vocabulary n. 词汇；词汇量；词表3．phrase n. 短语；词组4．expression n. 词语；表示；表达5．idiom n. 成语；习语6．sentence n. 句子7．passage n. 文章8．accent n. 口音；腔调；重音9．dialect n. 方言10．saying n. 谚语11．pronunciation n. 发音12．tone n. 腔调；语调；声调13．stress n. 重音14．spelling n. 拼写；拼法15．meaning n. 意义16．term n. 术语；条目17．grammar n. 语法18．usage n. 使用；用法19．mistake n. 错误20．loanword n. 外来词21．compound word 复合词22．native/mother tongue 母语23．official language 官方语言24．oral/spoken English 英语口语25．written English 书面英语26．foreign language 外语[阅读中常见的四六级词汇]1．abstract n．摘要2．academic adj.学院的；学术的3．literacy n. 读写能力；识字4．literal adj.文字(上)的；字面的5．manuscript n. 手稿；底稿；原稿6．masterpiece n. 杰作；名著二、必背话题佳句1．It's said that the biggest barrier to success in learning a foreign language is vocabulary.据说学好外语的最大障碍是词汇。

2．American English is easier to remember while British English is just kept its original words without few changes.美式英语更容易记住，而英式英语却保留了它的原词，没什么变化。

managedtoacquiretwoticketstoacquireatasteforacquiredaknowledgeofacquireachievegain指经过有意识的努力而获得成就或利益gain强调通过极大的努力克服困难后达到目标achieve指经过不懈努力才获得的技术知识等抽象的东西也指养成习惯等acquire活学活用选用上述词语填空aftersomanyyearsofhardworkhefinallysuccess
absorb vt. 6．_________
晨 背
吸收；吸引；使专心 认为；怀疑 被怀疑者；嫌疑犯 责备；谴责 过失；责备 柄；把手
演 练 培 优
suspect vt. 7．_________ n. blame vt. 8．________
自 检
n.
handle n. 9．________
师 说
vt.
人教英语(广东专版)
培 优
自 检
师 说
演 练
目 录
Unit1 Great scientists
Ⅲ.长难句分析
晨 背
1．Only if you put the sun there did the movements of the other planets in the sky make sense.
晨 背
make sense 7．____________ slow down 8．__________ with certainty 9．_____________ (be) exposed to 10．_______________ blame sb.for sth. 12．________________ contribute to 13．______________

■子话题(一)中国历史初背：月日再背：月日一、必背话题词汇1．dynasty n．朝代2．emperor n. 皇帝3．slavery n. 奴隶制度4．ancestor n. 祖先5．origin n. 起源；由来6．weapon n. 武器7．aggression n. 侵略8．revolution n. 革命9．incident n. 事变10．invade v t.侵略11．occupy v t.攻占；忙于12．sacrifice v t.牺牲13．betray v t.背叛；泄露(机密) 14．escape v i.逃跑；逃走15．feudal adj.封建的16．ancient adj.古代的17．primitive adj.原始的；远古的18．historic adj.历史上著名(或重要)的19．historical adj.与历史有关的；历史学的20．in peace 和平21．at war 交战22．turn against 背叛23．defend ...against ... 防御……24．date back to 追溯到25．date from 起源于；始于26．break out 爆发27．in memory of 为了纪念……[阅读中常见的四六级词汇]1．domestic adj.本国的；国内的；家用的；家庭的2．interfere v i.干涉；干扰；妨碍3．internal adj.内部的；国内的4．capture v t.俘虏；捕获5．boundary n. 分界线；边界二、必背话题佳句1．This building which has a long history can date back to the Ming Dynasty.这座有着悠久历史的建筑可以追溯到明朝。

2．In ancient times, the fast way to travel was to ride a horse or carriage.在古代，最快的旅行方式是骑马或坐马车。

Topic 2Sharing (Book 7•Unit 4)Ⅰ.阅读理解A话题词数建议用时怎样处理朋友关系374 7分钟change the people with whom I spent the most time. We've all gone through periods when the people in our lives have changed — graduation, moving to a new city, getting a new job, joining a new club, etc. I don't think I need to convince you just how much influence other people can have over your identity. If you've ever experienced a major switch in your people environment, then you know that you change as well.Most people don't make these choices consciously (有意识地) though. You might consciously decide to spend more time with a certain friend, or you may ask someone out on a date to begin a new relationship. But few people choose their existing friendships deliberately.There's_no_“getting_rid_of_people”. People are always dropping into and out of each other's lives. Associations grow into friendships, and friendships fade into associations. You don't get rid of anyone. The truth is that in order to make room for new people and new experiences, you may need to loosen up some of your existing connections.What about loyalty (忠诚)? Shouldn't you always be loyal to your friends? Once you have a close friend, even if their influence on you is slightly harmful, shouldn't you stick by them?Loyalty to a friend sometimes means having to let go. It means being loyal to their highest and best as well. If someone is destroying his health by smoking, for example, you aren't showing loyalty by smoking right along with him. True loyalty sometimes requires that you break damaging connections, get yourself back on solid ground, and then decide what you can really do to help your friend.It can take a lot of courage to tell someone, “I'm sorry, but I can't have you in my life anymore.” But even though this might seem like a selfish act at times, it's often the best thing for the other person too. If a relationship is holding you back in some way, understand that it's also hurting the other person. For example, if you work for a violent boss, your acceptance of that situation is considered to be silent approval, encouraging your boss to continue to behave violently.语篇解读：人们发生重大生活变化的时候，人际环境也会变化，这就涉及交往过程中朋友关系的处理，怎么做才是对朋友的忠诚，作者给出了自己的看法。

■子话题(一)外貌特征初背：月日再背：月日一、必背话题词汇(一)外表1．plain adj.朴素的；简单的2．elegant adj.文雅的；漂亮的3．grey/gray adj.灰色的；灰白的4．pale adj.苍白的；灰白的5．fair adj.(肤色)白皙的；(人)白肤金发的6．figure n. (人的)体形；身材7．overweight adj.超重的；过重的8．slim adj.苗条的9．have/keep a good figure 有/保持好身材10．medium height 中等身材11．average height 一般身材(二)着装与配饰1．dress n. 衣服；连衣裙v t.&v i.(给……)穿衣服；穿……的服装2．uniform n. 制服3．tie n. 领带；鞋带；结v t.(用绳、线)系；拴；扎4．sleeve n. 袖子；袖套5．loose adj.松散的；宽松的6．fit adj.适合的v t.&v i.(使)适合；合身7．dress well 穿着讲究8．be in fashion 在流行中9．be out of fashion 落伍的；过时的10．follow the fashion 赶时髦(三)表情1．facial adj.面部的2．satisfied/content adj.满意的3．pleased/delighted adj.高兴的4．confused adj.困惑的5．cheerful adj.兴高采烈的6．desperate adj.绝望的7．numb adj.麻木的；失去知觉的；迟钝的8．frightened/scared adj.害怕的9．embarrassed adj.尴尬的10．shocked adj.震惊的11．amazed adj.吃惊的12．sympathetic adj.同情的13．gloomy adj.忧伤的14．indifferent adj.冷漠的15．be curious about 对……好奇[阅读中常见的四六级词汇]1．external adj.外部的；外表的；外面的2．respectful adj.尊敬的；有礼貌的；谦恭的3．amusing adj.有趣的；使人发笑的；消遣的；愉快的4．approval adj.赞成的；满意的5．bitter adj.痛苦的；怀恨的二、必背话题佳句1．He is always welcomed because he dresses well and behaves gracefully, considerately andpolitely, giving others a good impression.他穿戴得体、举止文雅、礼貌周到，能给别人留下好的印象，所以他总是受欢迎。

Topic 3Life in the future (Book 5•Unit 3)Ⅰ.阅读理解ACutting trees in half can help scientists understand the past and now it appears it can be used to predict the future. Researchers have been looking at ring growth from trees to make sense of past weather patterns such as droughts and rain.Combining data from the rings allowed them to create a copy ofpictures of climate changes over the past 2,000 years and this informationcould also be used to foresee the future famine (饥荒), unrest and conflict.The project has been named Old World Drought Atlas, or OWDA.Its main author, Columbia biologist Edward Cook, has already carried out similar projects using trees to create chronological (按年代顺序排列的) maps of droughts in Asia and North America. He believes that combining the three atlases could throw light on the global causes of droughts and climate changes.The study, for instance, gave special attention to the importance of one of such causes, the North Atlantic Oscillation (波动), in affecting climate patterns in Europe, and specifically in making Europe wetter north of the Alps and drier south of them.The OWDA also helped analyse historical events from a climatic perspective. For instance, the 1740－1741 famine in Ireland had so far been explained by an unusually cold winter and spring, but the atlas shows that unusually low rainfall over the spring and summer of 1741 could also have played a role. Finally this made growing food nearly impossible and caused a continent-wide famine.A better grasp of these processes could even make it possible to predict the future famine, unrest and conflict.Cook said, “The Old World Drought Atlas fills a major geographic gap in the data that's important to determine patterns of climate changes in time. That's important for understanding causes of many droughts, and it's important for climate modelers to test hypotheses (假说) of climate forcing and changes.”A．It's the best way to understand the past.B．It could be used to predict the future.C．It could be used to prevent the outbreak of droughts and rain.D．It isn't mentioned in the passage.解析：选B细节理解题。

■子话题(一)人口状况与发展初背：月日再背：月日一、必背话题词汇1．citizen n．公民2．resident n. 居民3．habitant n. 居民；居住者4．growth n. 增长5．immigrant n. 移民6．migration n. 迁移；移居7．rural adj.乡村的8．urban adj.城市的；市郊的9．ageing n．& adj.老龄化；变老的10．increase v i.& n. 增加11．decrease v i.减少12．decline v i.降低；下降13．settle down 定居下来14．settle in 在……居住；安顿下来15．birth/death rate 出生/死亡率16．floating population 流动人口17．have a population of 有……的人口18．migrant worker 农民工19．population density 人口密度20．universal two-child policy 全面两孩政策[阅读中常见的四六级词汇]1．deputy n. 副职；代表2．inhabitant n. 居民3．bureau n. 局；办事处4．provision n. [pl.]给养；口粮；准备；设备；装置5．personnel n. [pl.]全体人员；职工；人事部门二、必背话题佳句1．With the development of economy and growth of its population, more and more good farmland has been used to build houses and factories.随着经济的发展和人口的增长，越来越多的良田被用来建造房屋和工厂。

2．It covers a total area of 7,434.4 square kilometers with a population of14.0435 million.它的总面积是7 434.4平方千米，总人口是1 404.35万。

Unit 1Great scientists一、单词——在语境中默写，在联想中积累⇩积得多(平时多积累，考场出华章)二、短语——在应用中记牢，在归纳中记多⇩积 得 多(平时多积累，考场出华章)三、句式——At the conference，the manager of the company put forward several suggestions on how to gain success in the competitive world. He said it was being fully devoted to one's work that contributed to one's success，which I think makes sense in our daily life. To conclude，we are supposed to spare no effort to realize our dream.A large population and too many private cars contribute to heavy traffic jam in the city.大量的人口和过多的私家车导致城市严重的交通阻塞。

②If you want to contribute_to our newspaper, please send me your article before the deadline.(2015·全国卷Ⅰ满分作文)如果你想往我们报纸投稿，请在最后期限前把文章寄给我。

③Participating in the contest will be a golden chance for me to show my dancing skills andmake some contributions_(contribute) to the class.(上海高考写作)参加比赛对我来说是一次难得的展示我的舞蹈才能的好机会，并对班级做出贡献。

Topic 4Cloning (Book 8•Unit 2)Ⅰ.阅读理解A(2018·DNA kept for tens of millions of years to clone dinosaurs. They find trouble, however, when they realize that the cloned creatures are smarter and more dangerous than expected. That's nothing more than a fiction.But could we really clone endangered animals?To date, the most successful attempt to do so was the cloning of a gaur, a rare ox-like animal from southeast Asia. Scientists used a cow to bring the cloned baby gaur, named Noah. Two days after birth, however, Noah died from a common bacterial infection. Other endangered species that may be cloned include the African bongo antelope (羚羊), the Sumatran tiger, the cheetah (猎豹), and the giant panda.Next, could we really clone extinct animals?In theory? Yes. To do this, you need a well-kept source of DNA from the extinct animals such as wool mammoth (毛象), Tasmanian tiger, or even dinosaur, and a closely related species, still living, which could serve as a_surrogate_mother.In reality? Probably not. On the one hand, it's not likely that extinct animals' DNA could survive undamaged for such a long time. Cloning such extinct animals as wool mammoth, Tasmanian tiger, or dinosaur is much more difficult due to the lack of properly well-preserved DNA. On the other hand, for example, a gaur can have a cow as a surrogate mother, definitely not a monkey. But what about an extinct animal as unique as the panda? What species could possibly serve as a surrogate mother?Cloning presents many exciting possibilities. However, even if extinct animals were brought back, they could not survive in today's world. Not only do most extinct animals have no habitat to live in, but the other plants and animals they depended on for food may also be gone as well.A．the gaur is an extinct speciesB．the gaur lives in Asia and is endangeredC．scientists have cloned the African bongo antelopeD．both the cheetah and the giant panda live in Asia解析：选B细节理解题。

Topic 3Global warming (Book 6•Unit 4)Ⅰ.阅读理解A话题词数建议用时气温升高对北极圈植物的影响328 7分钟In parts of the Arctic, entire forests are moving northward. Across the Arctic, temperatures are rising faster than anywhere else in the world. As that happens, the tree line that marks where forests stop and the treeless tundra (冻原) starts has been shifting northward. Trees growing along the tree line must protect themselves from the cold wind. To do this,_plants tend to grow horizontal (水平的) branches low to the ground. The energy it takes for trees to grow this way means they don't have enough energy to make seeds.But as Earth's climate has been warming, trees no longer have to just grow horizontally. Many can instead grow up toward the sky. This takes less energy. And with all that leftover energy, these trees have started producing more seeds. This happens especially in places where white spruce (白云杉) grows.White spruce, which is a North American tree, is quite able to produce a lot of seeds, which can move long distances in the wind. When wind-blown seeds end up on the tundra beyond the tree line, they eventually can sprout (发芽) new trees. This explains how a forest can move. Of course, the process would work only if the tundra were warm enough. But in recent years, the whole planet has been warming.New trees will provide shelters for some snow. Keeping the sun's rays from making the white surface disappear. Instead, the trees absorb the sun's heat. This warms the surrounding air. The extra warmth encourages even more trees to produce seeds. That further boosts a forest's ability to expand. In addition, more trees will trap more snow, preventing much of it from being blown away. Snow can trap heat in the soil below, which encourages trees to grow. The recent rise of temperatures has helped more trees grow past the tree line. People worry about impacts on the animals that depend on frozen conditions for food and shelter.语篇解读：本文是一篇科研报告。