不定式与被动语态专讲与练习

被动语态讲解及练习(含答案)一、单项选择被动语态1．Please don’t stand up in class until you ______.A．were told to B．are toldC．are told to D．were told【答案】C【解析】【详解】考查省略句。

句意：直到有人叫你站起来，你才可以在课堂上站起来。

在一定的上下文中，为了避免重复，动词不定式在句中可以被省略掉，但是要保留动词不定式的符号to。

分析句子可知，本句为一般现在时。

故C选项正确。

【点睛】to代替不定式在一定的上下文中，为了避免重复，动词不定式在句中可以被省略掉，但是要保留动词不定式的符号to。

to代替不定式，常同refuse, want, seem, intend, expect, hope, like, be afraid, prefer, care, oblige, forget, wish, try，tell等动词连用。

注意：如果不定式中含有be, have,或have been，一般要保留be, have或have been。

本句还原为：Please don’t stand up in class until you are told to stand up。

省略句为：Please don’t stand up in class until you are told to 。

故C选项正确。

2． A human case of H7N9 was reported in 2014 when a woman______ to be infected with the bird flu virus.A．confirmed B．had been confirmedC．was confirmed D．have confirmed【答案】C【解析】试题分析：句意：一例人感染H7N9病毒的报告发生在2014年，当时，一名女性被确诊感染了禽流感。

高中英语被动语态总结一、被动语态的组成形式被动语态的基本时态变化被动语态往常为十种时态的被动形式, 被动语态由be＋过去分词组成，be随时态的变化而变化。

以do为例，各样时态的被动语态形式为：1)am/is/are+done( 过去分词)一般此刻时2）has/havebeendone 此刻达成时3）am/is/arebeingdone 此刻进行时4）was/weredone 一般过去时5）hadbeendone 过去达成时6）was/werebeingdone 过去进行时7）shall/willbedone 一般未来时8）should/wouldbedone 过去未来时9）shall/willhavebeendone 未来达成时（少用）10）should/wouldhavebeendone 过去未来达成时（少用）2. 被动语态的特别构造形式带神态动词的被动构造。

其形式为：神态动词＋be＋过去分词。

例Thebabyshouldbetakengoodcareofbythebaby-sitter.有些动词能够有两个宾语，在用于被动构造时，能够把主动构造中的一个宾语变成主语，另一宾语仍旧保存在谓语后边。

往常变成主语的是间接宾语。

例Hismothergavehimapresentforhisbirthday. 可改为Hewasgivenapresentbyhismotherforhisbirthday.当“动词+宾语+宾语补足语”构造变成被动语态时，将宾语变成被动构造中的主语，其余不动。

例Someonecaughttheboysmokingacigarette. 可改为Theboywascaughtsmokingacigarette.4）在使役动词have,make,get 以及感官动词see,watch,notice,hear, feel,observe等后边不定式作宾语补语时，在主动构造中不定式to要省略，但变成被动构造时，要加to。

动词不定式（The Infinitive）二、不定式的主要用法动词不等式具有名词、形容词及副词的特征，因此在句中可作主语、宾语、宾语（或主语）补足语、表语、定语、及状语等。

1、不定式作主语①不等式作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。

To conquer English is not easy. 征服英语不容易。

To make plan firs t is a good idea. 先制定计划是个好主意。

To know everything is to know nothing. 事事皆通，无一精通。

②不等式作主语时，常常用形式主语it替代，而将真正的主语不等式放在句子的后面。

It is necessary to master a foreign language.掌握一门外语很有必要。

It’s a great pleasure to see you again.再次见到你真高兴。

It is a bad manner to stare at a foreign guest.盯着外宾看是一种不良的举动。

③如果说明不等式表示的动作是谁做的，可以在不等式的前面加一个for引起的短语，这就是常见的“It is adj./n. for sb. to do sth.”句式。

如：It is good manners for an Arab to stand close to his friends when they are talking.对阿拉伯人来说，交谈时站得离朋友近些是好的礼貌。

It is a great honor for us to be presented at the party.我们能来参加晚会，深感荣幸。

It will be a regret for us not to help him. 我们没有帮助他是个遗憾。

④在某些形容词（如kind, good, nice, wise, unwise, clever, silly, wrong, right, foolish, stupid, careless, considerate, rude, naughty, impolite等）作表语时，不等式前常加一个以of引起的短语，来说明不等式指的是谁的情况。

被动语态全解语态是动词的一种形式，表示句子中主语和谓语动词的关系 表示主语是动作的承受者。

只有及物动词才能用于被动语态。

一.被动语态的时态：am /is/ are + 动词的过去分词 was /were + 动词的过去分词 will be +动词的过去分词 am /is /are +being + 动词的过去分词 have /has +been + 动词的过去分词 6.情态动词的被动语态： 情态动词+ be +动词的过去分词主易语态木能变为被动语态倒情说:1, 当宾语是反身代词时 The man introduced himself as Mr.Parker .2, 当谓语是表示状态的及物动词时 Does the pair of new shoes suit you? We will have a meeting . 四. 特殊情况的被动语态： 1. 带双宾语的被动语态：动词+ sb （间宾）+sth （直宾）口诀：如遇双宾语，一般变间宾，若把直宾变， to /for 间宾连。

1） .give/pass /show 与介词 to 搭配。

give sb sth ---------sb +be given sth 或 sth +be given +to sb . 2） .buy/make/cook 与介词 for 搭配。

buy sb sth ---------sb +be bought + sth 或 sth +be bought +for sb He gave me a book I a book by him. A book me by him .My mother made me a cake . I a cake by my mother A cake me by my mother .2. 带省to 的不定式作宾补的被语态：动词 + sb + do sth .口诀：感使动词真叫怪， to 来to 去记心怀，主动语态 to 离去被动语态to 回来。

被动语态(the Passive V oice)用法小结一．语态语态是表示主语和谓语的关系的。

如果主语是动作的执行者,动词要用主动语态；如果主语是动作的承受者,动词就要用被动语态。

二．被动语态的基本结构 be + 过去分词(人称.数。

时态的变化都体现在助动词be的变化上）e。

g. People use English freely. （主动句）English is used （by people) freely. （被动句）三．几种时态的被动语态１．一般现在时结构：主语＋am / is / are +donee.g. 主动句：She cleans her room every day。

被动句:Her room is cleaned (by her） every day. (肯定句）否定句：Her room isn’t cleaned （by her） every day.一般疑问句：Is her room cleaned (by her) every day？注意：被动句的be助动词的变化应按被动句中新主语的人称和数而变化,其时态应与主动句的时态一致．2。

一般过去时结构：主语＋was / were +donee.g。

主动句：The workers made the VCD last week。

被动句:The VCD was made by the workers last week。

(肯定句）否定句： The VCD wasn't made by the workers last week.一般疑问句：Was the VCD made by the workers last week？3. 一般将来时结构：主语＋will be +donee。

g。

主动句：My father will send me to America soon。

被动句: 肯定句：I will be sent to America by my father soon。

被动语态二、变被动句步骤1、把原主动句中的宾语变为被动句的主语2、把动词变为被动形式即be +过去分词，并注意其人称和数随主语的变化，而动词的时态则保持不变。

3、原主动句的主语如需要则放在by后面以它的宾格形式出现（注代词的宾格），如不需要则可省略。

4、其它的成分（定语、状语）不变。

主动语态变为被动语态例句：一般现在时：主：We believe him. 被：He is believed by us.一般过去时：主：He bought his children some pens. 被：Some pens were bought for his children by him.一般将来时：主：Everyone will know the truth soon . 被：The truth will be known by everyone. 现在进行时：主：Mary is making a doll. 被：A doll is being made by Mary.过去进行时：主：They were carrying the hurt player. 被：The hurt player was being carried by them .现在完成时：主：He has received the letter. 被：The letter has been received by him.过去完成时：主：They had built ten bridges. 被：Ten bridges had been built by them.三、一般用法1.一般现在时的被动语态构成：is / am / are +及物动词的过去分词Our classroom is cleaned everyday.I am asked to study hard by my mother.Knives are used for cutting things.2.一般过去时的被动语态构成：was / were + 及物动词的过去分词The new shop was built last year.Dinosaur eggs were laid long long ago.3.现在完成时的被动语态构成：has / have + been +及物动词的过去分词This book has been translated into many languages.Many man-made satellites have been sent up into space by many countries.4.一般将来时的被动语态构成：will+ be + 及物动词的过去分词A new hospital will be built in our city.Many more trees will be planted next year.5.含有情态动词的被动语态构成：情态动词+ be + 及物动词的过去分词Young trees must be watered often.Your mistakes should be corrected right now.The door may be locked inside.Your homework can be handed in tomorrow.6.现在进行时的被动语态构成：am / is / are + being +及物动词的过去分词Uncl e Wang is mending my bike now.→My bike is being repaired by Tom now.They are planting trees over there. →Trees are being planted over there by them.7.不定式的被动语态：to + be + 及物动词的过去分词There are two books to be read. →There are twenty more trees to be planted.四、特殊用法1.不及物动词无被动语态。

初三被动语态精讲精练一、被动语态基本用法主动语态当句子的主语是动作的执行者时，谓语的形式是主动语态。

例如：Many people speak English.谓语speak的动作是由主语many people来执行的。

被动语态当句子的主语是动作的承受者时，谓语要用被动语态。

被动语态由助动词be+过去分词构成，时态通过be表现出来。

例如：English is spoken by many people.主语English是动词speak的承受者。

二、常用时态的被动语态构成形式(以play为例)时态主动语态被动语态一般现在时play/plays am/is/are + played 一般过去时played was/were + played 一般将来时will play will be + played现在完成时has/have played has/have been + played 现在进行时am/is/are playing am/is/are being + played 情态动词情态动词+ play 情态动词+ be + played 一般现在时：am / is / are + doneYou are wanted on the phone. 有你的电话。

一般过去时：was / were + doneChina was liberated in 1949.1949年中国解放。

一般将来时：will / shall be + doneThe problem will be discussed tomorrow. 明天将对这个问题进行讨论。

现在完成时：have / has been + doneNot a book in the library has been taken away.图书馆里没有一本书被人拿走。

现在进行时：am / is / are being + doneMy bike is being repaired. 我的自行车正在修理。

动词不定式非谓语动词指的是在句中不能单独作谓语, 但保留动词的某些特征（如有自己的宾语或状语等）的动词形式。

非谓语包括动词不定式、现在分词、过去分词和动名词。

非谓语动词没有人称和数的变化, 但要遵循基本的时态语态规则, 在句中充当各种成分。

一、动词不定式基本构成形式 结构 例句肯定形式to+动词原形The teacher asked his students to finish their homeworkon time.老师让学生们按时完成作业。

否定形式 not to+动词原形Aunt Li often tells her son not to eat too much sugar. 李阿姨经告诫她的儿子不要吃太多的糖。

被动形式 to+be+过去分词He would like to be treated as a child. 他喜欢被当成孩子般看待。

注意: 动词不定式在一些感官动词（see, watch, hear 等）或使役动词（make, let, have 等）的后面, 做宾补时, 通常会省略to, 如:动词不定式知识精讲The boss made me work ten hours a day.=I was made to work ten hours a day by the boss.这个老板让我一天工作十个小时。

二、动词不定式的语法功能动词不定式在句子中可充当主语、表语、宾语、宾补、定语和状语（即除谓语之外的各种成分）。

1.不定式作主语1).动词不定式短语作句子主语时，视为单数，谓语动词用第三人称单数，如：To make work more efficient is our goal.让工作更有效率是我们的目标。

2).不定式短语作主语时, 为了考虑句子的平衡, 常用it作形式主语, 而将真正的不定式主语放在句子后面, 结构为: It+is/ was+adj.(+for sb.)+动词不定式, 如上一句话也可写成:It’s our goal to make work efficient.我们的目标是让工作更有效率。

被动语态讲义与专项练习被动语态2010-09-23 09:37:12 阅读31 评论0字号：大中小被动语态讲义与专项练习一、被动语态的构成形式1.被动语态的基本时态变化被动语态通常为10种时态的被动形式, 被动语态由be＋过去分词构成，be随时态的变化而变化。

以do为e.g. ，各种时态的被动语态形式为：1) am/is/are +done一般现在时e.g. Visitors are requested not to touch the exhibits.2）am/is /are being done现在进行时e.g. A new cinema is being built here．3）was/were done一般过去时e.g. I was given ten minutes to decide whether I should reject the offer.4）was/were being done过去进行时e.g. A meeting was being held when I was there.5）has /have been done现在完成时e.g. All the preparations for the task have been completed, and we're ready to start. 6）had been done过去完成时e.g. By the end of last year, another new gymnasium had been completed in Beijing. 7）shall/will be done一般将来时e.g. Hundreds of jobs will be lost if the factory closes.8）should/would be done过去将来时e.g. The news would be sent to the soldier's mother as soon as it arrived.9）shall/will have been done将来完成时（少用）e.g. The project will have been completed before July.10）should/would have been done过去将来完成时（少用）e.g. He told me that his new clothes would have been made very soon.附：动词的时态1. 一般现在时的用法1）表示经常性、习惯性的动作；表示现在的状态、特征和真理。

动词不定式被动语态讲解 Prepared on 24 November 2020Book7unit2动词不定式被动语态形一、复习各种时态的被动语态★被动语态的基本结构:be+done（以thebook,publish为例）一般现在/过去时：Thebook is/waspublished.一般/过去将来时:Thebook will/wouldbepublished.Thebook is/wasgoingtobepublished.现在/过去进行时：Thebook is/wasbeingpublished.现在/过去完成时:Thebook has/hadbeenpublished.情态动词：Thebook can/could/may/might…bepublished.二、不定式的被动式的基础知识：1）一般式：（not/never）tobedone2）完成式：（not/never）tohavebeendone（表示不定式动作发生在谓语动词之前）三、▲通常在believe,suppose,say,report等动词构成的句子中可以进行主动语态到被动语态以及被动语态和动词不定式的转换.如:TheysaythatMikeissickinbed.=ItissaidthatMikeissickinbed.=Mikeissaidtobesickinbed.据说麦克卧床不起.Peoplebelievethathewaskilled.=Itisbelievedthathewaskilled.=Heisbelievedtohavebeenkilled.大家相信他被杀了.四、当不定式的逻辑主语是不定式所表示的动作的承受者而非发出者时，不定式一般要采用被动形式(tobedone).语法功能：1．作主语：Itisanhonourforme tobeasked tospeakhere.2．作宾语：Sheasked tobesent toworkinXinjiang.3．构成复合宾语：Hewantedtheletter tobetyped atonce.Shedidn’tlikeherself tobepraised likethat.4．构成复合谓语：Thebooksarenotallowed tobetakenoutoftheroom.5．作定语：Areyougoingtothemeeting tobeheld intheteachers’office6．作状语：Shewastooyoung tobeassigned suchwork.五、不定式有时还可以有完成式的被动式tohavebeendone（表示该动作是发生在主句之前的一个被动动作），在句中作主语、宾语、定语，或者构成复合宾语、复合谓语等，如：Itisagoodthingforhim tohavebeencriticized.（主语）Shepreferred tohavebeengiven heavierworktodo.(宾语)）Hethoughtitanhonour tohavebeeninvited totheparty.（复合宾语）Thebookissaid tohavebeentranslated intomanylanguages.（复合谓语）Shewasthefirstwoman tohavebeenelected tosuchapost.（定语）六、不定式的主动形式表示被动1．Therebe结构中，用不定式的主动和被动式来修饰主语，区别不大。

GrammarReview the Passive Voice（复习被动语态）★被动语态的基本形式：英语中的被动语态由be done（vt.的过去分词）构成。

其人称、数和时态的变化通过be的变化表现出来的。

以实义动词do为例，在常见时态中，其被动语态的基本形式如下:㈠谓语动词的被动语态注：get/got don^l是一种特殊的被动语态，表示的是某种结果或状态，本身并不强调动作被执行。

常见短语：get lost/ married/ paid/ hurt/ bur nt/ broke n/ drunk/ killed drow ned/ cheated/separated/dressed/ i njured等等。

eg:① How did you get lost in the mountain?②They got married two mon ths after their first sight.㈡非谓语动词的被动语态★主动语态表被动意义的情况：①感官动词，系动词feel, look, taste, smell, sou nd，prove］，|turn out | 等动词；动词read，write，sell, wash, clean, Iock, dry, wear 等表主语的属性特征；表示开始，结束，运动的动词begin, finish, start, open, close, stop, end, shut, run, move 等;用作谓语时，句子主语含有被动关系，但并不表示动作被执行，故不需用被动语态。

如：1. What he said| proved to be reason able.2. The water in win ter feelsl cold.3. Whatever my mother cooks| tasje delicious.4. You hairstyle |looks vary fashi on able.5. This pen writes well.6. T he door won 'ck.7. The red coat of mi ne washes well.8. The shop closesat 10 o ' clock every morning.9. The meeti ng en ded in an frie ndly atmosphere.②sb./sth. + be+ adj. to do ,此句中不定式to do与主语sb./sth.构成逻辑上的动宾关系。

动词不定式: to+do 或do动词不定式由to + 动词原形组成，是动词的一种非谓语形式。

它可以带宾语，构成动词不定式短语，在句子中起名词、形容词和副词的作用，因此在句中可充当谓语以外的任何成分，即主语、表语、宾语、定语、状语、宾补、主补和同谓语。

1. 动词不定在句中的语法功能(1)动词不定式（短语）作主语To love is to be loved. 爱别人就是被人爱。

To teach is to give. 教书就是奉献。

注意：1）在口语中，动词不定式作主语时常用形式主语it，而真正的主语则被置于句子后部。

It always pays to be honest. 老实不吃亏。

It is of great importance to solve the housing problem. 解决住房问题是很重要的。

It will take me three hours to do this job. 干这个工作我花了三个小时。

2）假如动词不定式要带逻辑主语，则需用介词of 或for来引导。

It's good for me to have a talk with you. 我很高兴和你交谈。

It is really important for students to learn English well. 对学生们来说，学好英语很重要。

It is possible for all nations to unite to get rid of the terrorists. 所有国家携手铲除恐怖分子，这是可以做到的。

It is stupid of John to help such a shameless girl. 约翰真傻，竟去帮助这样一个无耻的女孩。

It is cruel of man to kill animals in such a casual manner. 人类如此随便地屠杀动物，真是残忍。

精心整理被动语态全解语态是动词的一种形式,表示句子中主语和谓语动词的关系,主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者,被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。

只有及物动词才能用于被动语态。

被动语态的时态：1.一般现在时的被动语态：am/is/are+动词的过去分词2.情态动词的被动语态：情态动词+be+动词的过去分词3.一般过去时的被动语态：was/were+动词的过去分词4.一般将来时的被动语态：willbe+动词的过去分词5.现在进行时的被动语态：am/is/are+doing+动词的过去分词6.过去进行时的被动语态：was/were+doing+动词的过去分词7.现在完成时的被动语态：have/has+been+动词的过去分词8.过去完成时的被动语态：had+been+动词的过去分词9.过去将来时的被动语态：would/should+be+动词的过去分词二．被动语态的基本用法:(1)需要强调动作的承受者时TheGreatWallisenjoyedbymillionsofpeopleallovertheworldEnglishiswidelyspokenintheworldnow.(2)不知道或没必要指出动作的执行者时Mr.Wangisinvitedtothemeetingtoday.Theproblemisdealtwithnow.(3)当说话人需要强调客观时Itissaidthatshewasabeautywhenshewasyoung.三．主动语态变被动语态的变法：口诀：宾变主，主变宾，谓变bedone,时不变，数格必须随被变。

注：1.主动、被动的时态要一致。

2.主动、被动的句式要一致。

3.变成的被动语态的主语与谓语在单复数上保持一致。

四、语态转换不被动语态的步骤1,把原主动句中的宾语转换为被动语态的主语2,把动词改为被动语态形式即"be+过去分词"。

3,原来主动语态句子中的主语,如果需要就放在by的后面以它的宾格形式出现(因为by是介词,后面需跟宾格作介词的宾语。

一、被动语态的构成形式be+done(注意拼音联系法bei+dong)1. 被动语态的基本时态变化被动语态由be＋过去分词构成，be随时态的变化而变化。

以do为例,三种基本时态的被动语态形式为：1) am/is/are +done (过去分词) 一般现在时例I eat an apple. 变为An apple is eaten by me.2）was/were done 一般过去时例I ate an apple. 变为An apple was eaten by me.3）will be done 一般将来时例I will eat an apple. 变为An apple will be eaten by me.练习1）Food and clothes ____ by women.A is often talk about B. are often talkedC. are often talked aboutD. often talked about2）Our TV set _____ yesterday.A. is repairedB. was repairedC. had been repairedD. would be repaired3） A new building _____ in our school next year.A. will be builtB. is builtC. is being builtD. has been built1. Some top students _____(send) to study in foreign countries once a year.2. More and more schools ___________(build) here later.3. All the shoes __________(sell) out last week.2.情态动词的特殊结构形式1)带情态动词的被动结构。

非谓语动词用法精讲动词不定式与被动语态的用法动词不定式是非谓语动词的一种形式，可以用来表示动作、状态、目的、结果等，并且在句子中可以作主语、宾语、表语、定语等成分。

本文将对动词不定式的用法进行精讲，并探讨与被动语态的关系。

一、动词不定式的基本形式动词不定式的基本形式是由“to + 动词原形”构成，如：to eat，to play，to sleep等。

根据句子的需要，动词不定式可以进行时态的变化、情态动词的变化和宾语的变化。

1. 动词不定式的时态变化动词不定式能够表达的时态有现在时、过去时和将来时。

以动词“to study”为例，其时态变化如下：现在时：to study（一般现在时）；to be studying（进行时）；to have studied（完成时）；过去时：to have studied（一般过去时）；to have been studying（过去进行时）；将来时：to be going to study（将来时）；to be about to study（即将发生）。

2. 动词不定式与情态动词的变化情态动词与动词不定式联用时，情态动词的形式保持不变，而动词不定式则仍保持原来的基本形式。

如：I can swim.（我会游泳。

）She must be careful.（她必须小心。

）He should apologize.（他应该道歉。

）3. 动词不定式作宾语动词不定式常常作为动词的宾语，说明动作或状态的对象。

常见的动词有want, hope, decide, plan, try, like等。

如：She wants to learn Chinese.（她想学中文。

）I hope to visit Beijing next year.（我希望明年去北京。

）4. 动词不定式作表语动词不定式还可以作表语，说明主语的身份、职业、爱好等。

如：Her dream is to be a teacher.（她的梦想是成为一名教师。

一、什么是被动语态？英语中时态很多，但语态不多，只有两种，即：主动语态和被动语态。

所谓“被动语态”，相当于中文中常说的“被……”、“由……”的句式，如：“他的自行车被偷了。

”，“这座楼房是由他们建造的。

”二、被动语态的结构则，英语中被动语态是怎么样构成的呢？请看下面的例句（注意划线部分）：His bicycle was stolen. The building has been built in 2000.通过上面的例句，可以看出，“被动语态”的构成是：be + 过去分词+ (by+动作执行者)三、被动语态的运用什么情况下要用被动语态呢？一般地说，有下面几种情况：（1）不知道谁是动作的执行者或没有必要。

例如：Paper is made from wood. （纸是由木材生产出来的。

）The house is quite old. It was built in 1950. （这座房子太旧了。

它是1950年建成的。

）He was wounded in the fight. （他在战斗在受伤了。

）Electricity is used to run machines. （电是用来开动机器的。

）（2）需要强调动作的对象时。

例如：Calculator can't be used in the maths exam. （计算器不能用于数学考试。

）Books and newspapers in the reading room mustn’t be taken away. （阅览室的书籍和报纸不准带走。

）He was awarded first prize in that contest. （他在比赛中获得了第一。

）（3）为了使语气婉转，避免提到是谁做的这件事。

例如：The construction of the new lab must be completed by t he end of next month. （新实验室必须在下个月底前完工。

非谓语动词被动语态归纳与练习非谓语动词被动语态归纳与练习当不定式或动词的-ing形式与其逻辑主语之间构成被动关系时，要用其用被动式。

其形式归纳如下：不定式To be done To have been done动词-ing形式Being done Having been done对非谓语动词被动语态的考查在高考中也是较常见的。

例1：Little Jim should love ________ to the theatre this evening. （92全国）A. to be takenB. to takeC. being takenD. taking【分析】答案选A。

句子主语Little Jim与take是被动关系，“被带去看戏”发生在“想(should love=want)”后，所以用不定式的被动式作宾语。

例2：After he became conscious, he remembered _______ and ________ on the head with a rod. 【06江西】A. to attack; hitB. to be attacked; to be hitC. attacking; be hitD. having been attacked; hit【分析】特殊情况：“remember”接动名词的一般式或完成式均表示“记得已经发生过的事”，句子的主语he与并列的attack，hit是被动关系，答案应选D。

例3：At the beginning of the class,the noise of desks_____could be heard outside the classrooms.（07全国II）A. opened and closedB. to be opened and closedB. being opened and closed D. to open and close【分析】动词-ing形式的被动语态为“being done”。

不定式及其被动语态一．动词不定式（to do）：1.接动词不定式的动词:(1)afford负担得起；买得起/ agree同意/ arrange 安排/ ask要求/ beg 祈求/ care关心；关注/ choose 选择/ decide决定/ demand要求/determine决定/ expect期待/ fear害怕/ help帮助/ hope希望/ learn学习/ manage尽力/ offer提供/ plan计划/ prepare准备/ pretend 假装/ promise许诺/ refuse拒绝/ want想要/ wish祝愿/ aim旨在/ fail失败/ long渴望/ happen碰巧/ hesitate犹豫/ struggle努力to do sth.(2) advise 建议/ allow允许/ ask要求/ beg祈求/ cause促使/ command 命令/ drive驱使/ elect选择/ encourage鼓励/ expect期待/ forbid 禁止/ force强迫/ get 驱使/ hate讨厌/ help帮助/ intend旨在/ invite 邀请/ leave留下/ mean示意/ oblige强迫/ order命令/ permit允许/ persuade 说服/ prefer宁愿/ request 要求/ remind提醒/ teach教/ tell告诉/ train训练/trouble麻烦/ want想要/ warn警告/ wish 希望sb to do sth.2.动词不定式的否定形式：not to do;3.动词不定式专题练习:(1) I wanted to see the Beijing Opera, so Lingling offered ________(take) me to watch an opera.(2) This weekend our class will go to a mountain near our city________(plant) trees.(3) These people dress themselves in bloody shark suits. They tell people ________ (eat)shark fins in order to protect sharks.(4)—I'll have a ten­day holiday. But I don't know where ________(go).—How about Paris？(5) How kind you are! You always do what you can ________(help) others.(6) The group found it hard ________(finish) the job on time.(7) It's raining heavily. You'd better ________ (not leave) now.(8) I'm allowed ________ (go) to the movies on Saturday.(9) We mix the water and flour ________(make) bread.(10) Linda would rather ________ (leave)than stay here.(11) Did you watch the actor ________(perform) the whole play yesterday?(12) Why not ________(finish) it as soon as possible?(13) It's really a wonderful trip. I have many things ________(tell) you.(14) No one wants to tell me where________(buy) the book.(15) My mum had me ________(buy) a bottle of oil for her.(16) The baby was made ________(cry) by his naughty brother.(17) My family invite you ________(come) next Friday for the party.(18) The doctor told me ________ (not drink) too much, but I find it difficult.(19) Jackie warned me ________ (not touch) anything. He said it was very dangerous.(20)—Can I borrow your bike？I promise ________ (return)your bicycle on good condition.(21) It's very kind of you________(show)me the way to the post office.(22) Smoking is harmful to your health, so you should try not ________(smoke).(23) We organized two talent shows ________ (raise)money for the people in trouble in Yingjiang.(24) Chinese athletes did a great job in the Winter Olympics in Sochi. It can encourage post­00s (00后) ________(work) harder.(25) How careless you are! You'd better ________(hand) in yourhomework on time.(26) My brother Jack would rather ________(read) story books thanwatch TV on Sundays.4. 动词不定式专题练习答案：(1) to take;(2) to plant;(3) not to eat;(4) to go;(5) to help;(6) to finish;(7) not leave;(8) to go;(9) to make;(10) leave;(11) perform;(12) finish;(13) to tell;(14) to buy;(15) buy;(16) to cry;(17) to come;(18) not to drink;(19) not to touch;(20) to return;(21) to show;(22) to smoke;(23) to raise;(24) to work;(25) hand;(26) read;二.动词不定式的被动语态:1.结构：不定式的被动式为to be done，其完成式为to have been done，表示其逻辑主语是动作的承受者。