DBE Unit4 Product

1. Company DescriptionAce CorporationThis is Ace Corporation.It was established in 1920, more than 75 years ago.QAce manufactures sporting equipment such as tennis rackets, tennis balls and fishing rods. (Ace is a sporting goods manufacturer.)It’s a well-managed company, and its products are well made.( its products are well made)Its head office is in New York. It also has an office in Los Angeles. (Its main office is in New York, and there is another office in L.A..) Ace has two factories.Its main factory is in Chicago. The other factory is in Miami.QIts head office has 300 employees. The L.A. office employs around 50. (Its head office in New York employs 300 workers, and the L.A. office has a staff of around 50 employees.)5,000 people are employed in the Chicago factory, and another 1,150 work in the Miami factory. (5,000 people work in the Chicago factory.)QAce’s main customers are general consumers.Its products are also sold to schools and other organizations.In recent years the company has done well.Sales and profits have both increased.QIts main competitors are foreign companies from Europe and Asia. Because of its high quality products however, Ace has been successful.United IndustriesThis is United Industries, an American company.(United Industries is an American company.)Its main products are rocket engines, satellites and aircraft parts. (It manufactures advanced products such as rocket engines, satellites and aircraft parts.)United was established in 1960 by a small group of engineers.(A small group of engineers started the company in 1960.)QAt that time it made rocket engines for other companies.In 1965 it started to make aircraft parts, including small jet engines. Since then it has opened up new factories and offices in Europe and Asia. United’s head office and main factory is in Seattle where it employs more than 15,000 workers.(United is based in Seattle, Washington, where its main factory is located.)It also has offices in Europe, Asia and other locations around the world. There are three factories.The main one is in Seattle, another is in Montreal, and the third is in London.QUnited employs between 20~25,000 people.(United is a large company, employing almost 25,000 people.)2,000 employees work in the London factory.In Montreal, the company has 5,000 employees, including part-time workers.The two factories outside the US employ a total of around 7,000 workers. In recent years the company has done well.Sales and profits have both increased.United sells its products to many different countries.Some people don’t like United because some of its products are used for military purposes.Unfortunately, these kings of products are used too often.2. Work Experience●Jean NielsenThis is Jean Nielsen.Jean graduated from Columbia University in 1981. She majored in economics. In 1983 she got a job with Federal Motors.(Two years later, in 1983, Jean was hired by Federal Motors.)Jean worked in Personnel at Federal Motors for 7 years, until 1990. She left Federal Motors in 1990 and got a job with IBX.(In 1990 she quit her job at Federal Motors and joined IBX.)Jean quit her job at Federal Motors because she wanted a more interesting job. She was also offered a higher salary.At IBX she was hired as a Personnel Manager in one of their factories.As Personnel Manager she has many responsibilities.Jean is in charge of interviewing and hiring new employees.She also manages the company’s employee training programs.In her job, she also needs good communication skills.Jean has excellent communication skills, so she has done very well at IBX. Jean has worked/been at IBX since 1990.Jean likes her job and is planning to stay at IBX for a long time.At beginning of 1990, Jean Nielsen was an assistant manager.When Jean left the company at the end of 1990, she was replaced by Steve Gomez.Steve’s old position was filled by Bill Lee.Bill Lee transferred into Personnel from Sales.●Tom JonesThis is Tom Jones.Tom is a graduate of Stanford University.He graduated in 1988 with a degree in mathematics.Tom got a job with Federal Motors right after graduation.(Tom was hired by Federal Motors right after graduating from Stanford.) Tom has worked in the R&D Department since he joined the company in 1988. (Since he joined company in 1988, Tom has worked in Research and Development.)Tom is responsible for designing new automobile components.(For the past few years, Tom has been designing auto components.) Tom enjoys his work and often works late at the office.He is hoping to be promoted in the next year or two.Tom has been with Federal Motors for more than 10 years.He has worked very hard, and he has an excellent work record.Tom is responsible to his boss, Jim Nielsen.Jim Nielsen has been Tom’s boss since 1990.Jim started working at Federal Motors 3 years before Tom joined the company.In the future, Tom Jones will probably be promoted.●Federal MotorsThere were many important changes at Federal Motors in 1990.In Personnel, Jean Nielsen was an assistant manager at the beginning of the year.At the end of the year, Jean left Federal Motors and joined IBX.Jean’s position was filled by Steve Gomez, who joined the company in 1987. In the Production Division, 1990 was not a good year.In the factory, the work force was cut by more than 10%.At the beginning of the year, there were 2,000 workers in the factory. At the end of the year, there were 1,750 workers in the factory. There were also some important changes in the Sales Department.Dave Jackson, the Sales Manager, was fired because of a drinking problem. He missed meetings and often came to work late.He was replaced by Sonia Scott, who joined the company from outside. Ed Smith was transferred to Sales from Engineering to assist Ms. Scott. There were also changes in the R&D department.Jim Nielsen was promoted to General Manager.3. Manufacturing and Trade●YR1 RobotThis is the YR1. The YR1 is an industrial robot.(This is the YR1, an industrial robot.)Industrial robots have many uses.This kind of robot is usually used for high precision assembly or metal work.The YR1 is made by a Japanese company, Yamashita Ltd.Yamashita is located in Tokyo, Japan.(The first YR1 was made in Japan in 1997. The YR1 was developed by Yamashita Ltd, a Japanese company.)YR1 is used on assembly lines, such as this one at Federal Motors. Federal Motors makes cars. (Federal Motors manufactures cars.)The YR1 is used for welding cars on the assembly line.(At Federal Motors, the YR1 robot is used for welding cars.)Many YR1 robots have been sold to the automobile industry.(Federal Motors is an automobile company. it makes many kinds of motor vehicles, such as cars, trucks and vans. This is one of the assembly lines at Federal Motors, an automobile company located in the United States.) In 1997, 15 units were bought by Federal Motors.Those units are now being used to do the work that 60 workers used to do. The robots work faster than human workers and they make fewer mistakes. The automobile industry has bought many industrial robots, such as the YR1.In 1997, 5,000 YR1 were made by Yamashita.Of those 5,000 robots, 50% were sold in Japan.25% were sold in the US. 10% were sold in Europe.(50% of the 5,000 robots that were made in 1997 were sold in Japan. 25% were exported to the US. 10% were sold in Europe. The rest were exported to other markets around the world.)In 1997, 50% of the YR1s manufactured by Yamashita were exported to other countries.The rest were sold in the highly competitive domestic market.In the past few years, worldwide sales of the YR1 and other robots have rapidly increased.If free trade continues, Yamashita’s future looks good.●OA-X ComputerThis is the OA-X. The OA-X is a computer.(This is the OA-X, it is a computer designed to increase efficiency.) It comes with lots of useful software.It has many uses.(It is easy to use and it has a variety of uses.)Some of its uses include word processing, communications and spreadsheets.This is Ace Ltd, a sporting goods company, located in the USA.Ace is one of the companies which bought OA-X computers in 1998.At Ace, the OA-X is used for word processing, communications and spreadsheets.Ace is using the OA-X to cut costs and improve office efficiency. Advanced Technologies is the maker of the OA-X computer.(The OA-X is manufactured and sold by Advanced Technologies Incorporated.)(The OA-X is made by Advanced Technologies.)The OA-X computer is an American product.(The OA-X computer is an American product, though many of its component parts are imported.)Advanced Technologies is located in California, near San Francisco. (Advanced Technologies is based in California, just south of San Francisco.)The company has an excellent reputation.(The company has an outstanding reputation for quality.)In recent years however, its sales have suffered because of strong competition from Japan.It has excellent products and competitive prices.(It has a highly trained work force and it uses the latest technology inthe manufacturing process.)It also provides outstanding customer support.As a result, its products are highly rated.In 1998, Advanced Technologies sold 10,000 units.(Worldwide sales of the OA-X totaled 10,000 units in 1998.)The selling price for each unit was about 2,000 dollars.Sales were good in the major international markets, however in Japan, sales were poor.75% of the units made in 1998 were sold in the United States.10% were sold in Canada and another 10% were sold in Europe.Only 2% of them were sold in Japan.The Americans complained, they said it was unfair.(The American said that this was because the Japanese markets were closed.)The Japanese said it was the American’s fault.(The Japanese said that the OA-X was poorly designed for the Japanese user. They said their market was open.)Without more facts, it is difficult to decide the real reason.Trade friction is a difficult issue for every one involved.4. Product Comparisons●The EpicThis is the Epic.(The Epic is an American car.)It’s built by Federal Motors, an American company.Federal Motors introduced this model 5 years ago and designed especially for commuters.Recently it has become very popular. Compared to last year, its sales are up by more than 20%.Its sporty design and excellent fuel efficiency have contributed to its success.Customer satisfaction ratings have put it on the top 10 for the past few years.Its advanced design and light weight are a product of the world’s most advanced engine technology.It’s the most fuel efficient car of any American made car.The Epic gets 44 miles per gallon on the highway and 32 miles per gallon in city traffic.It costs around $18,000. At $18,000, it is a good buy.It is well engineered, and is reported to be the most trouble free of any American made car.(In terms of quality and dependability, the Epic is considered to be the best made American car in its price range.)The Epic generally goes about 80,000 miles before it needs major repairs. (The Epic is built to last around 80,000 miles before problems begin to appear.)According to a recent study, fewer Epic owners had problems in the first six months of ownership than owners of any other car.It is also backed by an excellent warranty program.Its warranty covers all parts and labor for five years or 50,000 miles. As a result, it has proven to be a good choice for people who spend lots of time commuting to work each day.Five years ago, Federal Motors was losing a lot of money, and its market share was falling rapidly.Many of its cars had to be recalled for safety problems, and three were many customer complaints about quality.When the Epic was introduced, sales were slow at first because the public had lost confidence in Federal Motors.Gradually however, the car began to earn a good reputation, and sales improved.As a result, Federal Motors has been able to compete more successfully with foreign competitors.Their main challenge now is to improve their dealer network.Their sales people are often criticized for poor sales practices.●The SXThis is the Yamada SX.50% of the Yamada sold in the US are imported from Japan, the other half are made in the US.The base price of the SX is around $14,000.It comes with a 36 month or 36,000 mile warranty.The SX is one of the biggest Japanese cars in its class. It has room for 5 big adults.In terms of fuel economy, the SX gets about 38 miles per gallon on the highway, which is better than average for its class.Auto industry studies indicate that the SX is trouble free for around 60,000 miles.An important sales point is that its maintenance and service costs are generally lower than the industry average.This is because Yamada has established a dealer network that provides thebest service support in the industry.According to several surveys, the SX has been number one in customer satisfaction for 3 years.(For 3 years, it is one the top customer satisfaction rating in several surveys.)As a result, the SX is now the best selling car in the US.●The AriaThis is the Union Aria. It was first introduced into the US in the late 1980s by Union Motors, a European company.It’s a well built car, and it has a good reputation.(It’s a solid, well made car with a good reputation for passenger comfort and safety.)The Aria is paid about $28,000.It comes equipped with lots of standard features, such as AM/FM radio and air conditioning.The Aria has more passenger room than any other car in its class.It has plenty of room for a growing family.It gets 34 miles per gallon on the highway and 22 miles per gallon in the city.It comes with a powerful engine that can pull a boat or a trailer with ease.It’s rated high in terms of dependability.In generally goes about 60,000 miles before it needs any major repairs. Unfortunately, the cost of parts and services are higher than average. In terms of safety, the Aria has the best record of any car.In crash tests, the Aria has consistently outperformed all other cars. In general, its size, power, and excellent safety record make it a good family car.Though it’s an excellent family car, its sales have remained flat for the past few years.Some people say it’s too expensive, others say that its design is uninteresting.If sales don’t improve, major changes will have to be made.●A ComparisonLet’s compare these three automobiles.First, the Federal Epic is the most fuel efficient.(In terms of fuel economy, the Epic gets better mileage than either theUnion Aria or the Yamada SX.)The Aria doesn’t get as many miles per gallon as the other two cars, but it’s bigger and its engine is more powerful.As you can see in this comparison, the Aria is the most expensive. (As for price, the Aria costs more than the other two.)It costs twice as much as the SX.The least expensive of these three cars is the SX.(Priced at $14,000, the SX is the least expensive of these three models.) It's about half the price of the Aria and nearly 25% less than the Epic. The Epic costs $4,000 more than the SX.As for size, the Aria is the biggest of the three.(In terms of size, the Aria is bigger than the other two.)The Epic, which seats 4 adults, is the smallest.The SX is larger than the Epic, but it has slightly less passenger room than the Aria.(The SX is bigger than the Epic, but it isn’t quite as big or powerful as the Aria.)In terms of low cost maintenance and durability, the Epic has the best record.It is very economical.It has a better performance record than either the Aria or the SX. Compared to both the other cars, it goes 20,000 more miles before it needs repairs.To summarize, each car has its advantages.The Aria may be the best buy for a growing family, though it's a bit expensive.For the commuter, the Epic is probably the best choice.Its fuel economy and excellent dependability give it the advantage. For buyers who like a low purchase price and who want a slightly bigger car, the SX is probably the best value.It isn’t as small as the Epic and it costs less。

核心单词forehead ，blank，dizzy，chairwoman，potential，enterprising，input，phase，purchase，distribution，bonus，guidance，consultant，conventional，discriminate，equator，estate，superior，mild，calorie，subjective，financial，automatically，sorrow，hire，expense，abuse，theft，purse重点短语as to，take a deep breath，be fond of，end up，in the hope of，a world away from，be bitten by the ... bug，row upon row，start out，go into debt，rent out，make ends meet，be relevant to，take on，do a further favour，at the expense of，response to，at rock-bottom prices，be subject to重点句型1.独立主格结构作状语 2.That is why ...“那/这就是为什么……” 3.whether... or...引导的让步状语从句单元语法复习定语从句主题写作写一篇关于非现金支付的文章Section ⅠUnderstanding ideas1．run down her ________ 顺着她的额头往下流2．their ________ faces 他们木然的表情3．feeling ________ 感到眩晕4．________ of her own company 她自己公司的董事长5．realise their full ________ 充分发挥他们的潜力6．the all-important ________非常重要的投入7．the initial _________ 初始阶段8．________ cosmetics 购买化妆品9．a decent _________ 一笔可观的奖金10．an expert ________ 一位专家顾问1．enterprise n．事业心；进取心；创业精神→________ adj.有创业精神的；有事业心的；有进取心的2．distribute v．分发；分配；分销→________ n．(商品的)分销，经销3．guide n．指南；向导；指导者v．指引；指导→________ n．指导，引导1．____________ 至于，关于，就……而论2．____________ 深呼吸3．____________ 喜爱，爱好4．____________ 最终，结果是5．____________ 怀着……的希望6．____________ 与……大不相同7．_____________ 对……产生浓厚的兴趣8．____________ 鳞次栉比9．____________ 开始1．[句型公式]独立主格结构作状语They stared back，_______________________ as to what they would say next.他们面无表情地凝视着她，让人根本看不出他们接下来会说什么。

Unit4重点词汇精讲●Parcel v/n.包裹，邮包；一批，一群；同根词：n.parceling缠包帆布条；打包近义词：package/enlace词组：part and parcel必要部分；重要的部分part and parcel of不可缺少的一部分parcel post邮政包裹；包裹邮递land parcel地块air parcel. 空运parcel out分配，把…分成几份parcel of land地片●Dust v.擦去……的灰尘；把粉末撒于/n.沙尘；灰尘；粉末；同根词：adj.dusty落满灰尘的n.duster抹布，掸子；除尘器；打扫灰尘的人dustiness灰蒙蒙；多灰尘；尘污近义词：powder/dirt词组：in the dust死了；入土dust removal除尘，除尘设备dust collector吸尘器；集尘器coal dust煤尘；煤粉dust collection收尘；集尘；吸尘dust control防尘；尘埃控制；飞尘捕集dust concentration粉尘浓度；尘末浓度dust catcher除尘器dust storm尘暴dust remover除尘器；扑灰机dust explosion尘爆；尘末爆炸dust off抹去灰尘dust emission粉尘排放，烟尘排放；[机]扬尘量fine dust细粉尘flue dust. 烟灰；烟道灰；炉顶灰dust filter滤尘器；尘土过滤器dust content尘含量；含尘率dust particle尘粒；微尘dust and ashes尘土和炉灰；令人失望的事物dust bowl风沙侵蚀区Cotton n.棉，棉花；棉布；/v.开始领会，开始明白同根词：adj.cottony棉的；像棉样的；起毛的；柔软的近义词：square/identify/coincide词组：cotton fabric棉布；棉纤物cotton yarn棉纱；棉纱线cotton fiber棉纤维cotton spinning棉纺；棉纺工艺cotton cloth棉布cotton textile棉纺织品raw cotton原棉；未加工棉cotton ball棉球；硼钠钙石cotton wool原棉；棉绒；脱脂棉cotton fibre棉纤维cotton goods棉制品；棉纺织品；应交税的商品cotton thread棉线white cotton白棉花cotton pad化装棉；棉褥cotton piece goods棉布匹combed cotton精梳棉；精棉；精梳棉纱organic cotton有机棉cotton mill. 纺织厂cotton canvas棉帆布；棉质油画布Rigid adj.严格死板的，僵化的；同根词：adj.rigorous严格的，严厉的；严密的；严酷的adv.rigidly严格地；坚硬地；严厉地；牢牢地n.rigidity[物] 硬度，[力] 刚性；严格，刻板；僵化；坚硬rigor严厉；精确；苛刻；僵硬rigidness坚硬；严厉vi.rigidify僵化；固定近义词：strict/precise/wooden/accurate词组：rigid body刚体；刚性体rigid frame刚性构架rigid frame bridge刚构桥，刚架桥；刚架式桥梁rigid plastic硬质塑料rigid pavement刚性路面；混凝土路面rigid foam硬质泡沫塑料；硬塑胶rigid foundation刚性基础；刚性地基；钢性基础rigid connection刚性联接rigid polyvinyl chloride硬聚氯乙烯rigid structure[化]刚性结构rigid system刚体系；刚性系统rigid support刚性支承；刚性支架；刚强支柱rigid rotor刚性转子；刚接式旋翼；整体转筒rigid steel硬钢Drag v.拖，拽；用鼠标拖动；同根词：adj.dragging拖延的；拖曳用的n.dragger拖曳等之人或物；小型拖网渔船近义词：pull/tow词组：drag on拖延drag and drop拖放drag reduction减阻drag coefficient阻力系数；曳引系数drag in插入讨论中；拉进drag force拖曳力，曳力click and drag单击并拖动drag down向下拖aerodynamic drag空气动力阻力friction drag摩阻；磨擦阻力air drag空气阻力drag along拖着脚走，慢慢地行走drag out拖延frictional drag摩擦阻力；摩擦拽力drag link拉杆drag racing直线加速赛；短程高速赛车；减重短程高速汽车赛；街头飚车（汽车）drag torque阻力矩；曳力矩；拖曳转矩drag chain牵引链wave drag波阻drag over拖过；拖出●Privilege v.<正式> 给予特权，特别优待；/n.特权，特殊待遇；荣幸，光荣；同根词：adj.privileged享有特权的；近义词：franchise/peculiar词组：special privilege特权；特别优惠；特殊许可access privilege存取特权; 访问特权;user privilege用户权限●Resign v.辞（职），放弃（工作或职位）；（使）听任，（使）顺从同根词：adj.resigned顺从的；已辞职的；己放弃的adv.resignedly听从地；服从地n.resignation辞职；放弃；辞职书；顺从近义词：yield/desert/refer/quit词组：resign from辞职resign oneself to使听从于; 听任; 听凭于; 甘受resign one's post辞职Contract n.合同，契约/v.（使）收缩，缩小；签合同，订立契约同根词：adj.contractual契约的，合同的adv.contractually合约地；合同性地；契约规定地n.contractor承包人；立契约者contraction收缩，紧缩；缩写式；害病近义词：affect/catch/communicate词组：contract with承包；与…订有合约contract in[法]保证承担义务labor contract 劳工合同contract management合同管理breach of contract违约；违反合同sales contract销售合同insurance contract保险契约，保险合同contract price合约价格；发包价格construction contract建筑包工合同under the contract依据本合同employment contract雇佣合同；聘约purchase contract购货合同sign a contract签订合同；签合同；签署合同by contract承包；根据合同under contract根据合同psychological contract心理契约；精神契约contract terms合同条款on contract按合约方式service contract劳务合同social contract社会契约Grant v.授予，给予；承认/n.补助金，拨款；同根词：n.grantee受让人；被授与者grantor授予者；[法] 让与人granter出让方；出让人；授与者；转让者近义词：award/let/accept/recognize/agree词组：take for granted认为…理所当然government grant政府批地书，政府补助金Relay v.传递，传达（信息、新闻等）；中继转发，转播近义词：retransmit词组：torch relay火炬传递；火炬接力；圣火传递relay protection继电保护relay race接力赛frame relay[计]帧中继time relay时间继电器electromagnetic relay电磁式继电器relay station中继站；中断电台protective relay保护继电器solid state relay固态继电器distance relay测距继电器differential relay差动继电器medley relay混合泳；混合泳接力current relay电流继电器；电撂电器relay system中继系统；全继电器制relay contact继电器触点，继电匹点intermediate relay中间继电器power system relay protection电力系统继电保护原理thermal overload relay热继电器；热过载继电器alarm relay警报继电器thermal relay[电]热继电器。

词汇表必修三Unit41. astronaut n. 宇航员;太空人2. procedure n. 程序;步骤;手续3. m ental adj 精神的;思想的4. cm abbr (centimetre/ senti: (r)or centimeter)厘米5. intelligent adj. 有智慧的;聪明的;有智力的6. rocket n. 火箭;火箭弹7. gravity n. 重力;引力8. frontier n. 边境;国界;边远地区9. vehicle n. 交通工具;车辆10. universe n. 宇宙;天地万物11. determined adj. 有决心的;意志坚定的12. determine vt. 查明;确定;决定13. satellite n. 人造卫星;卫星14. aunch n. 发射;发起;上市15. orbit n. (环绕地球、太阳等运行的)轨道;势力范围vt.＆vi.沿轨道运行;环绕…运行16. giant adj. 巨大的;伟大的n.巨人;巨兽;伟人17. leap n. 跳跃;剧增;剧变(leapt, leapt /lept/or leaped, leaped vt.＆vi.跳过;跃过18. mankind n. 人类19. agency n. (政府的)专门机构;服务机构;代理处20. transmit vt.＆vi.传输;发送21. data n. [pl.]资料;数据22. disappointed adj. 失望的;沮丧的23. desire n. 渴望;欲望vt.渴望;期望24. carry on继续做，坚持干25. ongoing adj. 持续存在的;仍在进行的;不新发展的26. on board 在宇宙飞船上;在船上;在飞机上27. independently adv. 独立地;自立地28. independent adj. 独立的;自立的29. spacecraft n. 航天器;宇宙飞船30. spacewalk n. 太空行走;太空行走的时间31. jade n. 玉;翠;玉器32. dock vi.＆vt.(两架航天器)对接;(使)……进港.码n头;船坞33. signal vt.＆vi.标志着;标明;发信号n.信号;标志34. in the hope of doing sth抱着……的希望35. so as to (do sth)为了;以便36. recycle vt. 回收利用;再利用37. muscle n. 肌肉;实力;影响力38. lack n. 缺乏;短缺.没有;缺乏39. float vi. 浮动;源流;源浮；vt使浮动;使漂流40. otherwise adv. 否则;要不然41. beyond prep.在更远处;超出42. solar adj. 太阳的;太阳能的43. solar system太阳系;类太阳系44. current adj. 当前的;现在的n.水流;电流;思潮45. figure out弄懂;弄清楚;弄明白46. sufficient adj. 足够的;充足的47. soap n. 肥皂48. towel n. 毛巾;抹布49. microwave n.( also microwave oven)微波炉50. tissue n. 纸巾;(人、动植物细胞的组织)51. facility n. 设施;设备52. keen adj. 热衷的;渴望的53. globe n. 地球;世界;地球仪54. argue vt.＆vi.论证;争辩;争论55. argument n. 争论;争吵;论点56. fatal adj. 致命的;灾难性的57. shallow adj. 肤浅的;浅的58. result in导致;造成59. pattern n. 模式;图案;模范60. analysis n (pl analyses )(对事物的)分析;分析结果61. as a result 所以;结果(是)62. high- end adj. 高端的63. monitor n. 监视器;监测仪vt.监视;监测;监控64. regularly adv. 经常;定期地65. regular adj. 定期的;经常的;正常的66. foam n. 泡沫橡胶;泡沫67. pillow n. 枕头68. smartphone n. 智能手机69. resource n. 资源;财力;物力70. imited adj. 有限的71. provide for sb提供生活所需72. closing adj. 结尾的;结東的n.停业;关闭;倒闭73. in closing 最后74. mystery n. 神秘事物;迷75. run out用完;耗尽76. attach vt. 系;綁;贴77. oxygen n. 氧;氧气78. Sputnik 1 “旅伴一号”(苏联发射的人类第一颗人造卫星)79. the USSR abbr. the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics苏联80. Yuri Gagarin 尤里・加加林(苏联宇航员)81. Neil Armstrong/'niol ' a: strop/尼尔・阿姆斯特朗(美国宇航员)82. NASA abbr. National Aeronautics and SpaceAdministration (美国)国家航空与航天局83. Voyager1 “旅行者一号”84. Soyuz 11 “联盟11号85. Challenger “挑战者”号航天飞机86. the International Space Station国际空间站87. Jade Rabbit “玉兔”月球车88. Mars n. 火星89. Jupiter n. 木星90. Typhoon Goni 合风天鹅91. GPS abbr. global positioning system全球(卫星)定位系统。

D y n e d_D B E_U n i t1~41. Company DescriptionAce CorporationThis is Ace Corporation.It was established in 1920, more than 75 years ago.QAce manufactures sporting equipment such as tennis rackets, tennis balls and fishing rods. (Ace is a sporting goods manufacturer.)It’s a well-managed company, and its products are well made.( its products are well made)Its head office is in New York. It also has an office in Los Angeles.(Its main office is in New York, and there is another office in L.A..)Ace has two factories.Its main factory is in Chicago. The other factory is in Miami.QIts head office has 300 employees. The L.A. office employs around 50.(Its head office in New York employs 300 workers, and the L.A. office has a staff of around 50 employees.)5,000 people are employed in the Chicago factory, and another 1,150 work in the Miami factory. (5,000 people work in the Chicago factory.)QAce’s main customers are general consumers.Its products are also sold to schools and other organizations.In recent years the company has done well.Sales and profits have both increased.QIts main competitors are foreign companies from Europe and Asia.Because of its high quality products however, Ace has been successful.United IndustriesThis is United Industries, an American company.(United Industries is an American company.)Its main products are rocket engines, satellites and aircraft parts.(It manufactures advanced products such as rocket engines, satellites and aircraft parts.)United was established in 1960 by a small group of engineers.(A small group of engineers started the company in 1960.)QAt that time it made rocket engines for other companies.In 1965 it started to make aircraft parts, including small jet engines.Since then it has opened up new factories and offices in Europe and Asia.United’s head office and main factory is in Seattle where it employs more than 15,000 workers.(United is based in Seattle, Washington, where its main factory is located.)It also has offices in Europe, Asia and other locations around the world.There are three factories.The main one is in Seattle, another is in Montreal, and the third is in London.QUnited employs between 20~25,000 people.(United is a large company, employing almost 25,000 people.)2,000 employees work in the London factory.In Montreal, the company has 5,000 employees, including part-time workers.The two factories outside the US employ a total of around 7,000 workers.In recent years the company has done well.Sales and profits have both increased.United sells its products to many different countries.Some people don’t like United because some of its products are used for military purposes.Unfortunately, these kings of products are used too often.2. Work Experience●Jean NielsenThis is Jean Nielsen.Jean graduated from Columbia University in 1981. She majored in economics.In 1983 she got a job with Federal Motors.(Two years later, in 1983, Jean was hired by Federal Motors.)Jean worked in Personnel at Federal Motors for 7 years, until 1990.She left Federal Motors in 1990 and got a job with IBX.(In 1990 she quit her job at Federal Motors and joined IBX.)Jean quit her job at Federal Motors because she wanted a more interesting job. She was also offered a higher salary.At IBX she was hired as a Personnel Manager in one of their factories.As Personnel Manager she has many responsibilities.Jean is in charge of interviewing and hiring new employees.She also manages the company’s employee training programs.In her job, she also needs good communication skills.Jean has excellent communication skills, so she has done very well at IBX.Jean has worked/been at IBX since 1990.Jean likes her job and is planning to stay at IBX for a long time.At beginning of 1990, Jean Nielsen was an assistant manager.When Jean left the company at the end of 1990, she was replaced by Steve Gomez. Steve’s old position was filled by Bill Lee.Bill Lee transferred into Personnel from Sales.●Tom JonesThis is Tom Jones.Tom is a graduate of Stanford University.He graduated in 1988 with a degree in mathematics.Tom got a job with Federal Motors right after graduation.(Tom was hired by Federal Motors right after graduating from Stanford.)Tom has worked in the R&D Department since he joined the company in 1988. (Since he joined company in 1988, Tom has worked in Research and Development.) Tom is responsible for designing new automobile components.(For the past few years, Tom has been designing auto components.)Tom enjoys his work and often works late at the office.He is hoping to be promoted in the next year or two.Tom has been with Federal Motors for more than 10 years.He has worked very hard, and he has an excellent work record.Tom is responsible to his boss, Jim Nielsen.Jim Nielsen has been Tom’s bos s since 1990.Jim started working at Federal Motors 3 years before Tom joined the company.In the future, Tom Jones will probably be promoted.●Fed eral MotorsThere were many important changes at Federal Motors in 1990.In Personnel, Jean Nielsen was an assistant manager at the beginning of the year.At the end of the year, Jean left Federal Motors and joined IBX.Jean’s position was filled by Steve Gomez, who joined the company in 1987.In the Production Division, 1990 was not a good year.In the factory, the work force was cut by more than 10%.At the beginning of the year, there were 2,000 workers in the factory.At the end of the year, there were 1,750 workers in the factory.There were also some important changes in the Sales Department.Dave Jackson, the Sales Manager, was fired because of a drinking problem.He missed meetings and often came to work late.He was replaced by Sonia Scott, who joined the company from outside.Ed Smith was transferred to Sales from Engineering to assist Ms. Scott.There were also changes in the R&D department.Jim Nielsen was promoted to General Manager.3. Manufacturing and Trade●YR1 RobotThis is the YR1. The YR1 is an industrial robot.(This is the YR1, an industrial robot.)Industrial robots have many uses.This kind of robot is usually used for high precision assembly or metal work.The YR1 is made by a Japanese company, Yamashita Ltd.Yamashita is located in Tokyo, Japan.(The first YR1 was made in Japan in 1997. The YR1 was developed by Yamashita Ltd, a Japanese company.)YR1 is used on assembly lines, such as this one at Federal Motors.Federal Motors makes cars. (Federal Motors manufactures cars.)The YR1 is used for welding cars on the assembly line.(At Federal Motors, the YR1 robot is used for welding cars.)Many YR1 robots have been sold to the automobile industry.(Federal Motors is an automobile company. it makes many kinds of motor vehicles, such as cars, trucks and vans. This is one of the assembly lines at Federal Motors, an automobile company located in the United States.)In 1997, 15 units were bought by Federal Motors.Those units are now being used to do the work that 60 workers used to do.The robots work faster than human workers and they make fewer mistakes.The automobile industry has bought many industrial robots, such as the YR1.In 1997, 5,000 YR1 were made by Yamashita.Of those 5,000 robots, 50% were sold in Japan.25% were sold in the US. 10% were sold in Europe.(50% of the 5,000 robots that were made in 1997 were sold in Japan. 25% were exported to the US. 10% were sold in Europe. The rest were exported to other markets around the world.)In 1997, 50% of the YR1s manufactured by Yamashita were exported to other countries.The rest were sold in the highly competitive domestic market.In the past few years, worldwide sales of the YR1 and other robots have rapidly increased.If free trade continues, Yamashita’s future looks good.●OA-X ComputerThis is the OA-X. The OA-X is a computer.(This is the OA-X, it is a computer designed to increase efficiency.)It comes with lots of useful software.It has many uses.(It is easy to use and it has a variety of uses.)Some of its uses include word processing, communications and spreadsheets.This is Ace Ltd, a sporting goods company, located in the USA.Ace is one of the companies which bought OA-X computers in 1998.At Ace, the OA-X is used for word processing, communications and spreadsheets. Ace is using the OA-X to cut costs and improve office efficiency.Advanced Technologies is the maker of the OA-X computer.(The OA-X is manufactured and sold by Advanced Technologies Incorporated.) (The OA-X is made by Advanced Technologies.)The OA-X computer is an American product.(The OA-X computer is an American product, though many of its component parts are imported.)Advanced Technologies is located in California, near San Francisco.(Advanced Technologies is based in California, just south of San Francisco.)The company has an excellent reputation.(The company has an outstanding reputation for quality.)In recent years however, its sales have suffered because of strong competition from Japan.It has excellent products and competitive prices.(It has a highly trained work force and it uses the latest technology in the manufacturing process.)It also provides outstanding customer support.As a result, its products are highly rated.In 1998, Advanced Technologies sold 10,000 units.(Worldwide sales of the OA-X totaled 10,000 units in 1998.)The selling price for each unit was about 2,000 dollars.Sales were good in the major international markets, however in Japan, sales were poor. 75% of the units made in 1998 were sold in the United States.10% were sold in Canada and another 10% were sold in Europe.Only 2% of them were sold in Japan.The Americans complained, they said it was unfair.(The American said that this was because the Japanese markets were closed.)The Japanese said it was the American’s fault.(The Japanese said that the OA-X was poorly designed for the Japanese user. They said their market was open.)Without more facts, it is difficult to decide the real reason.Trade friction is a difficult issue for every one involved.4. Product Comparisons●The EpicThis is the Epic.(The Epic is an American car.)It’s built by Federal Motors, an American company.Federal Motors introduced this model 5 years ago and designed especially for commuters.Recently it has become very popular. Compared to last year, its sales are up by more than 20%.Its sporty design and excellent fuel efficiency have contributed to its success. Customer satisfaction ratings have put it on the top 10 for the past few years.Its advanced design and light weight are a product of the world’s most advanced engine technology.It’s the most fuel efficient car of any American made car.The Epic gets 44 miles per gallon on the highway and 32 miles per gallon in city traffic.It costs around $18,000. At $18,000, it is a good buy.It is well engineered, and is reported to be the most trouble free of any American made car.(In terms of quality and dependability, the Epic is considered to be the best made American car in its price range.)The Epic generally goes about 80,000 miles before it needs major repairs.(The Epic is built to last around 80,000 miles before problems begin to appear.) According to a recent study, fewer Epic owners had problems in the first six months of ownership than owners of any other car.It is also backed by an excellent warranty program.Its warranty covers all parts and labor for five years or 50,000 miles.As a result, it has proven to be a good choice for people who spend lots of time commuting to work each day.Five years ago, Federal Motors was losing a lot of money, and its market share was falling rapidly.Many of its cars had to be recalled for safety problems, and three were many customer complaints about quality.When the Epic was introduced, sales were slow at first because the public had lost confidence in Federal Motors.Gradually however, the car began to earn a good reputation, and sales improved.As a result, Federal Motors has been able to compete more successfully with foreign competitors.Their main challenge now is to improve their dealer network.Their sales people are often criticized for poor sales practices.●The SXThis is the Yamada SX.50% of the Yamada sold in the US are imported from Japan, the other half are made in the US.The base price of the SX is around $14,000.It comes with a 36 month or 36,000 mile warranty.The SX is one of the biggest Japanese cars in its class. It has room for 5 big adults. In terms of fuel economy, the SX gets about 38 miles per gallon on the highway, which is better than average for its class.Auto industry studies indicate that the SX is trouble free for around 60,000 miles. An important sales point is that its maintenance and service costs are generally lower than the industry average.This is because Yamada has established a dealer network that provides the best service support in the industry.According to several surveys, the SX has been number one in customer satisfaction for 3 years.(For 3 years, it is one the top customer satisfaction rating in several surveys.)As a result, the SX is now the best selling car in the US.●The AriaThis is the Union Aria. It was first introduced into the US in the late 1980s by Union Motors, a European company.It’s a well built car, and it has a good reputation.(It’s a solid, well made car with a good reputation for passenger comfort and safety.) The Aria is paid about $28,000.It comes equipped with lots of standard features, such as AM/FM radio and air conditioning.The Aria has more passenger room than any other car in its class.It has plenty of room for a growing family.It gets 34 miles per gallon on the highway and 22 miles per gallon in the city.It comes with a powerful engine that can pull a boat or a trailer with ease.It’s rated high in terms of dependability.In generally goes about 60,000 miles before it needs any major repairs. Unfortunately, the cost of parts and services are higher than average.In terms of safety, the Aria has the best record of any car.In crash tests, the Aria has consistently outperformed all other cars.In general, its size, power, and excellent safety record make it a good family car. Though it’s an excellent family car, its sales ha ve remained flat for the past few years. Some people say it’s too expensive, others say that its design is uninteresting.If sales don’t improve, major changes will have to be made.●A ComparisonLet’s compare these three automobiles.First, the Federal Epic is the most fuel efficient.(In terms of fuel economy, the Epic gets better mileage than either the Union Aria or the Yamada SX.)The Aria doesn’t get as many miles per gallon as the other two cars, but it’s bigger and its engine is more powerful.As you can see in this comparison, the Aria is the most expensive.(As for price, the Aria costs more than the other two.)It costs twice as much as the SX.The least expensive of these three cars is the SX.(Priced at $14,000, the SX is the least expensive of these three models.)It's about half the price of the Aria and nearly 25% less than the Epic.The Epic costs $4,000 more than the SX.As for size, the Aria is the biggest of the three.(In terms of size, the Aria is bigger than the other two.)The Epic, which seats 4 adults, is the smallest.The SX is larger than the Epic, but it has slightly less passenger room than the Aria. (The SX is bigger than the Epic, but it isn’t quite as big or powerful as the Aria.)In terms of low cost maintenance and durability, the Epic has the best record.It is very economical.It has a better performance record than either the Aria or the SX.Compared to both the other cars, it goes 20,000 more miles before it needs repairs. To summarize, each car has its advantages.The Aria may be the best buy for a growing family, though it's a bit expensive.For the commuter, the Epic is probably the best choice.Its fuel economy and excellent dependability give it the advantage.For buyers who like a low purchase price and who want a slightly bigger car, the SX is probably the best value.It isn’t as small as the Epic and it costs less。