最新94年研究生考试英语阅读真题分篇-text-5资料

1994年考研英语真题阅读理解精读笔记Text 1，spending their money in the marketplace for those goods and services that they want most.Private businessmen，striving to make profits， produce these goods and services in competition with other businessmen; and the profit motive， operating under competitive pressures，largely determines how these goods and services are produced.Thus， in the American economic system it is the demand of individual consumers， coupled with the desire of businessmen to maximize profits and the desire of individuals to maximize their incomes， that together determine what shall be produced and how resources are used to produce it.demands can be expressed and responded to by producers.In the American economy， this mechanism is provided by a price system， a process in which prices rise and fall in response toshort supply relative to the demand， the price will be bid up and some consumers will be eliminated from the market.If， on the other hand， producing more of a commodity results in reducing its cost，， which in turn will lower the price and permit more consumers to buy the product.Thus， price is the regulating mechanism in the American economic system.productive resources (private property)， and they are permitted to hire labor， gain control over natural resources， and produce goods and services for sale at a profit.In the American economy，the concept of private property embraces not only the ownership of productive resources but also certain rights， including the right to determine the price of a product or to make a free contract with another private individual.51. In Line 7， Paragraph 1，“the desire of individuals to maximize their incomes” means . ［A］ Americans are never satisfied with their incomes［B］ Americans tend to overstate their incomes［C］ Americans want to have their incomes increased［D］ Americans want to increase the purchasing power of their incomes52. The first two sentences in the second paragraph tell us that .［A］ producers can satisfy the consumers by mechanized production［B］ consumers can express their demands through producers［C］ producers decide the prices of products［D］ supply and demand regulate prices53. According to the passage， a private-enterprise economy is characterized by .［A］ private property and rights concerned［B］ manpower and natural resources control［C］ ownership of productive resources［D］ free contracts and prices54. The passage is mainly about .［A］ how American goods are produced［B］ how American consumers buy their goods［C］ how American economic system works［D］ how American businessmen make their profitsText 1allow 10/E5lau/v.允许，准许；承认；让……得到，使……得以发生bid 4/bid/v.出价；投标；努力争取；n.买方的出价；投标；努力争取characterize 8/5kAriktEraiz/v.表示……的特性；描述……的特性commodity 6/kE5mCditi/n.商品，物品competition 16/kCmpi5tiFEn/n.比赛；竞争competitive 9/kEm5petitiv/a.竞争的，比赛的concept 15/5kCnsept/n.概念，观念，思想concern 20/kEn5sE:n/v.涉及，关系到；（常与with，about，in连用）关心，挂念；担心，担忧；n.（利害）关系；关心，挂念；担心，担忧contract 4/5kCntrAkt/n.契约，合同，包工；v.缩小，缩短；订（约）economic 33/7i:kE5nCmik/a.经济（上）的，经济学的economy 29/i(:)5kCnEmi/n.节约；经济eliminate 5/i5limineit/v.消除embrace 1/im5breis/v.拥抱；包含enterprise 5/5entEpraiz/n.事业，企（事）业单位；事业心，进取心express 8/iks5pres/v.表达，表示；a.特快的，快速的；n.快车，快运factor 13/5fAktE/n.因素，要素goods 9/gudz/n.商品，货物individual 23/7indi5vidjuEl/a.个人的，单独的；独特的；n.个人，个体largely 12/5lB:dVli/ad.主要地，基本上；大量地，大规模地lower 7/5lEuE/a.较低的，下级的，下游的；v.降下，放低mechanism 6/5mekEnizEm/n.机械装置，机构；机制motive 2/5mEutiv/n.动机，目的；a.发动的，运动的organize 5/5C:gEnaiz/v.组织，编组orient 4/5C:riEnt/n.［the O-］东方；v.定……的方位ownership 5/5EunEFip/n.所有（权），所有制pressure 10/5preFE(r)/n.压（力）；强制，压迫，压强；v.强制，迫使private 11/5praivit/a.私人的，个人的，秘密的，私下的process 40/prE5ses/n.过程，进程；工序，制作法；工艺；v.加工，处理product 14/5prCdQkt/n.产品，产物；乘积；结果，后果productive 5/prE5dQktiv/a.生产（性）的，能产的，多产的profit 6/5prCfit/n.利润，收益，益处；v.（by，from）得利，获益；利用；有利于property 7/5prCpEti/n.财产，资产，所有物；性质，特性purchase 6/5pE:tFEs/v.买，购买；n.购买的物品；购买regulate 4/5regjuleit/v.管制，控制；调节，校准relative 6/5relEtiv/a.（to）相对的，比较的；有关系的，相关的；n.亲属，亲戚resource 7/ri5sC:s/n.［pl.］资源，财力；办法，智谋；应变之才；设备respond 8/ris5pCnd/v.回答，答复；（to）响应response 9/ris5pCns/n.回答，回音；反应，响应result 50/ri5zQlt/n.结果，成果，成绩；v.（in）导致，结果是；（from）起因于，因……而造成sentence 14/5sentEns/n.句子；判决，宣判；v.宣判，判决strive 5/straiv/v.奋斗，努力system 35/5sistEm/n.系统，体系；制度，体制tend 30/tend/v.趋向，往往是；照料，看护basically 1/5beisikEli/ad.基本上，主要地businessman 8/5biznismAn/n.商人consumer 20/kEn5sju:mE/n.消费者mainly 14/5meinli/ad.大体上，主要地manpower 4/5mAnpauE/n.人力marketplace 2/5mB:kit5pleis/n.集会场所，市场maximize 1/5mAksmaiz/vt.最大值，最佳化mechanize 1/5mekEnaiz/v.机械化overstate 1/5EuvE5steit/vt.夸大，夸张producer 3/prE5dju:sE/n.生产者，制作者，演出人，（电影）制片人seller 4/5selE/n.售货者难句，d by spending their money in the marketplace for those goods and services that they want most.【语法分析】1．核心句为：The American economic system is organized around a...economy。

1994年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题Section I Structure and VocabularyPart ADirections:Beneath each of the following sentences, there are four choices marked [A], [B], [C] and [D]. Choose the one that best completes the sentence. Mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET 1by blackening the corresponding letter in the brackets. (5 points)1. By the time you arrive in London, we ________ in Europe for two weeks.[A] shall stay[B] have stayed[C] will have stayed[D] have been staying2. I appreciated ________ the opportunity to study abroad two years ago.[A] having been given[B] having given[C] to have been given[D] to have given3. Living in the central Australian desert has its problems, ________ obtainingwater is not the least.[A] of which[B] for what[C] as[D] whose4. The heart is ________ intelligent than the stomach, for they are both controlledby the brain.[A] not so[B] not much[C] much more[D] no more5. ________ the fact that his initial experiments had failed, Prof. White persisted2大家版词典级23年考研英语真题及答案in his research.[A] Because of[B] As to[C] In spite of[D] In view of6. Jean Wagner’s most enduring contribution to the study of Afro-American poetryis his insistence that it ________ in a religious, as well as worldly, frame of reference.[A] is to be analyzed[B] has been analyzed[C] be analyzed[D] should have been analyzed7. The millions of calculations involved, had they been done by hand, ________all practical value by the time they were finished.[A] could lose[B] would have lost[C] might lose[D] ought to have lost8. No bread eaten by man is so sweet as ________ earned by his own labour.[A] one[B] that[C] such[D] what9. It isn’t cold enough for there ________ a frost tonight, so I can leave Jim’s carout quite safely.[A] would be[B] being[C] was[D] to be10. Scientists generally agree that the Earth’s climate will warm up over the next 50to 100 years ________ it has warmed in the 20,000 years since the Ice Age.[A] as long as[B] as much as[C] as soon as1994年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题3[D] as well asPart BDirections:Each of the following sentences has four underlined parts marked [A], [B], [C] and [D]. Identify the part of the sentence that is incorrect and mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET 1by blackening the corresponding letter in the brackets. (5 points)11. Similar elements in the prehistoric remainsA from both areas suggestBthatIndians and their neighbours had maintainedC distant but real connections everDbefore 1500 B. C.12. It soon became obviouslyA that instead of being trainedBto sing she wouldCbetrained asDthe astronomer’s assistant.13. He also conceivedA that the solar system and the universe would comeBintoexistence byC a natural process and would disappearDone day.14. The moon has a mass that is nearly one hundred times lessA than the earthB;in consequenceC ,the force ofDgravity at the moon’s surface is only one-sixth ofthat at the earth’s surface.15. “The Bunsen burner is soA named because it is thoughtBto be inventedCbyRobert Bunsen, who was German byDbirth.16. Much althoughA I have traveled, I have never seen anyone to equalBher inthoroughness, whateverC the job D.17. The weedsA and tall grass in that yard makesBthe house lookCas if it4大家版词典级23年考研英语真题及答案had been vacantDfor quite some time.18. If onlyA the nature of the aging process isBbetter understood, the possibilityof discoveringCa medicine that can block the fundamental process of agingseemsDvery remote.19. When I consider how talented he isA as a painterB, I cannot help but believingCthat the publicDwill appreciate his gift.20. Allen has statedA that he has always hadBa great interestCand admiration forDthe work of the British economist Keynes.Part CDirections:Beneath each of the following sentences, there are four choices marked [A], [B], [C] and [D]. Choose the one that best completes the sentence. Mark your answer on ANSWER SHEET 1 by blackening the corresponding letter in the brackets with a pencil. (10 points)21. Please do not be ________ by his bad manners since he is merely trying toattract attention.[A] disregarded[B] distorted[C] irritated[D] intervened22. Craig assured his boss that he would ________ all his energies in doing thisnew job.[A] call forth[B] call at[C] call on[D] call off23. Too much ________ to X-rays can cause skin burns, cancer or other damage to1994年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题5the body.[A] disclosure[B] exhibition[C] contact[D] exposure24. When confronted with such questions, my mind goes ________, and I canhardly remember my own date of birth.[A] dim[B] blank[C] faint[D] vain25. It is well known that knowledge is that ________ condition for expansion ofmind.[A] incompatible[B] incredible[C] indefinite[D] indispensable26. More than two hundred years ago the United States ________ from the BritishEmpire and become an independent country.[A] got off[B] pulled down[C] broke away[D] dropped off27. Care should be taken to decrease the length of time that one is ________ loudcontinuous noise.[A] subjected to[B] filled with[C] associated with[D] attached to28. Some of the most important concepts in physics ________ their success to thesemathematical systems.[A] oblige[B] owe[C] contribute6大家版词典级23年考研英语真题及答案[D] attribute29. As your instructor advised, you ought to spend your time on something________ researching into.[A] precious[B] worth[C] worthy[D] valuable30. As a defense against air-pollution damage, many plants and animals ________a substance to absorb harmful chemicals.[A] relieve[B] release[C] dismiss[D] discard31. Without the friction between their feet and the ground, people would ________be able to walk.[A] in no time[B] by all means[C] in no way[D] on any account32. While typing, Helen has a habit of stopping ________ to give her long andflowing hair a smooth.[A] occasionally[B] simultaneously[C] eventually[D] promptly33. One reason for the successes of Asian immigrants in the U.S. is that they havetaken great ________ to educate their children.[A] efforts[B] pains[C] attempts[D] endeavours34. If any man here does not agree with me, he should ________ his own plan forimproving the living conditions of these people.1994年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题7[A] put on[B] put out[C] put in[D] put forward35. I support your decision, but I should also make it clear that I am not going to be________ to it.[A] connected[B] fastened[C] bound[D] stuck36. The English language contains a(n) ________ of words which arecomparatively seldom used in ordinary conversation.[A] altitude[B] latitude[C] multitude[D] attitude37. In my opinion, you can widen the ________ of these improvements throughyour active participation.[A] dimension[B] volume[C] magnitude[D] scope38. Your improper words will give ________ to doubts concerning your trueintentions.[A] rise[B] reason[C] suspicion[D] impulse39. The news item about the fire is followed by a detailed report made ________.[A] on the spot[B] on the site[C] on the location[D] on the ground8大家版词典级23年考研英语真题及答案40. The remarkable ________ of life on the Galapagos Islands inspired CharlesDarwin to establish his theory of evolution.[A] classification[B] variety[C] density[D] diversionSection II Cloze TestDirections:For each numbered blank in the following passage, there are four choices marked [A], [B], [C] and [D]. Choose the best one and mark your answer on ANSWER SHEET 1 by blackening the corresponding letter in the brackets with a pencil. (10 points)The first and smallest unit that can be discussed in relation to language is the word. In speaking, the choice of words is 41the utmost importance. Proper selection will eliminate one source of 42breakdown in the communication cycle. Too often, careless use of words 43 a meeting of the minds of the speaker and listener. The words used by the speaker may 44unfavorable reactions in the listener 45interfere with his comprehension; hence, the transmission-reception system breaks down.46, inaccurate or indefinite words may make 47difficult for the listener to understand the 48which is being transmitted to him. The speaker who does not have specific words in his working vocabulary may be 49to explain or describe in a 50that can be understood by his listeners.41. [A] of[B] at[C] for[D] on42. [A] inaccessible[B] timely1994年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题9[C] likely[D] invalid43. [A] encourages[B] prevents[C] destroys[D] offers44. [A] pass out[B] take away[C] back up[D] stir up45. [A] who[B] as[C] which[D] what46. [A] Moreover[B] However[C] Preliminarily[D] Unexpectedly47. [A] that[B] it[C] so[D] this48. [A] speech[B] sense[C] message[D] meaning49. [A] obscure[B] difficult[C] impossible[D] unable50. [A] case10大家版词典级23年考研英语真题及答案[B] means[C] method[D] waySection III Reading ComprehensionDirections:Each of the passages below is followed by some questions. For each question there are four answers marked [A], [B], [C] and [D]. Read the passages carefully and choose the best answer to each of the questions. Then mark your answer on ANSWER SHEET 1 by blackening the corresponding letter in the brackets with a pencil. (40 points)Text 1The American economic system is organized around a basically private-enterprise, market-oriented economy in which consumers largely determine what shall be produced by spending their money in the marketplace for those goods and services that they want most. Private businessmen, striving to make profits, produce these goods and services in competition with other businessmen; and the profit motive, operating under competitive pressures, largely determines how these goods and services are produced. Thus, in the American economic system it is the demand of individual consumers, coupled with the desire of businessmen to maximize profits and the desire of individuals to maximize their incomes, that together determine what shall be produced and how resources are used to produce it.An important factor in a market-oriented economy is the mechanism by which consumer demands can be expressed and responded to by producers. In the American economy, this mechanism is provided by a price system, a process in which prices rise and fall in response to relative demands of consumers and supplies offered by seller-producers. If the product is in short supply relative to the demand, the price will be bid up and some consumers will be eliminated from the market. If, on the other hand, producing more of a commodity results in reducing its cost, this will tend to increase the supply offered by seller-producers, which in turn will lower the price and permit more consumers to buy the product. Thus, price is the regulating mechanism in the American economic system.The important factor in a private-enterprise economy is that individuals are allowed to own productive resources (private property), and they are permitted to hire labor, gain control over natural resources, and produce goods and services for sale at a profit. In the American economy, the concept of private property embraces not only the ownership of productive resources but also certain rights, including the right to determine the price of a product or to make a free contract with another private individual.51. In Line 8, Paragraph 1, “the desire of individuals to maximize their incomes”1994年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题11means ________.[A] Americans are never satisfied with their incomes[B] Americans tend to overstate their incomes[C] Americans want to have their incomes increased[D] Americans want to increase the purchasing power of their incomes52. The first two sentences in the second paragraph tell us that ________.[A] producers can satisfy the consumers by mechanized production[B] consumers can express their demands through producers[C] producers decide the prices of products[D] supply and demand regulate prices53. According to the passage, a private-enterprise economy is characterized by________.[A] private property and rights concerned[B] manpower and natural resources control[C] ownership of productive resources[D] free contracts and prices54. The passage is mainly about ________.[A] how American goods are produced[B] how American consumers buy their goods[C] how American economic system works[D] how American businessmen make their profitsText 2One hundred and thirteen million Americans have at least one bank-issued credit card. They give their owners automatic credit in stores, restaurants, and hotels, at home, across the country, and even abroad, and they make many banking services available as well. More and more of these credit cards can be read automatically, making it possible to withdraw or deposit money in scattered locations, whether or not the local branch bank is open. For many of us the “cashless society” is not on the horizon -- it’s already here.While computers offer these conveniences to consumers, they have many advantages for sellers too. Electronic cash registers can do much more than simply ring up sales. They can keep a wide range of records, including who sold what, when, and to whom. This information allows businessmen to keep track of their list of goods by showing which items are being sold and how fast they are moving. Decisions to reorder or return goods to suppliers can then be made. At the same time these computers record which hours are busiest and which employees are the most12大家版词典级23年考研英语真题及答案efficient, allowing personnel and staffing assignments to be made accordingly. And they also identify preferred customers for promotional campaigns. Computers are relied on by manufacturers for similar reasons. Computer-analyzed marketing reports can help to decide which products to emphasize now, which to develop for the future, and which to drop. Computers keep track of goods in stock, of raw materials on hand, and even of the production process itself.Numerous other commercial enterprises, from theaters to magazine publishers, from gas and electric utilities to milk processors, bring better and more efficient services to consumers through the use of computers.55. According to the passage, the credit card enables its owner to ________.[A] withdraw as much money from the bank as he wishes[B] obtain more convenient services than other people do[C] enjoy greater trust from the storekeeper[D] cash money wherever he wishes to56. From the last sentence of the first paragraph we learn that ________.[A] in the future all the Americans will use credit cards[B] credit cards are mainly used in the United States today[C] nowadays many Americans do not pay in cash[D] it is now more convenient to use credit cards than before57. The phrase “ring up sale s” (Line 3, Para. 2) most probably means “________”.[A] make an order of goods[B] record sales on a cash register[C] call the sales manager[D] keep track of the goods in stock58. What is this passage mainly about?[A] Approaches to the commercial use of computers.[B] Conveniences brought about by computers in business.[C] Significance of automation in commercial enterprises.[D] Advantages of credit cards in business.Text 3Exceptional children are different in some significant way from others of the same age. For these children to develop to their full adult potential, their education must be adapted to those differences.Although we focus on the needs of exceptional children, we find ourselves1994年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题13 describing their environment as well. While the leading actor on the stage captures our attention, we are aware of the importance of the supporting players and the scenery of the play itself. Both the family and the society in which exceptional children live are often the key to their growth and development. And it is in the public schools that we find the full expression of society’s understanding -- the knowledge, hopes, and fears that are passed on to the next generation.Education in any society is a mirror of that society. In that mirror we can see the strengths, the weaknesses, the hopes, the prejudices, and the central values of the culture itself. The great interest in exceptional children shown in public education over the past three decades indicates the strong feeling in our society that all citizens, whatever their special conditions, deserve the opportunity to fully develop their capabilities.“All men are created equal.”We’ve heard it many times, but it still has important meaning for education in a democratic society. Although the phrase was used by this country’s founders to denote equality before the law, it has also been interpreted to mean equality of opportunity. That concept implies educational opportunity for all children -- the right of each child to receive help in learning to the limits of his or her capacity, whether that capacity be small or great. Recent court decisions have confirmed the right of all children -- disabled or not -- to an appropriate education, and have ordered that public schools take the necessary steps to provide that education. In response, schools are modifying their programs, adapting instruction to children who are exceptional, to those who cannot profit substantially from regular programs.59. In Paragraph 2, the author cites the example of the leading actor on the stage toshow that ________.[A] the growth of exceptional children has much to do with their family and thesociety[B] exceptional children are more influenced by their families than normalchildren are[C] exceptional children are the key interest of the family and society[D] the needs of the society weigh much heavier than the needs of theexceptional children60. The reason that the exceptional children receive so much concern in educationis that ________.[A] they are expected to be leaders of the society[B] they might become a burden of the society[C] they should fully develop their potential[D] disabled children deserve special consideration61. This passage mainly deals with ________.14大家版词典级23年考研英语真题及答案[A] the differences of children in their learning capabilities[B] the definition of exceptional children in modern society[C] the special educational programs for exceptional children[D] the necessity of adapting education to exceptional children62. From this passage we learn that the educational concern for exceptionalchildren ________.[A] is now enjoying legal support[B] disagrees with the tradition of the country[C] was clearly stated by the country’s founders[D] will exert great influence over court decisionsText 4“I have great confidence that by the end of the decade we’ll know in vast detail how cancer cells arise,” says microbiologist Robert Weinberg, an expert on cancer. “But,” he cautions, “some people have the idea that once one understands the causes, the cure will rapidly follow. Consider Pasteur, he discovered the causes of many kinds of infections, but it was fifty or sixty years before cures were available.”This year, 50 percent of the 910,000 people who suffer from cancer will survive at least five years. In the year 2000, the National Cancer Institute estimates, that figure will be 75 percent. For some skin cancers, the five-year survival rate is as high as 90 percent. But other survival statistics are still discouraging -- 13 percent for lung cancer, and 2 percent for cancer of the pancreas.With as many as 120 varieties in existence, discovering how cancer works is not easy. The researchers made great progress in the early 1970s, when they discovered that oncogenes, which are cancer-causing genes, are inactive in normal cells. Anything from cosmic rays to radiation to diet may activate a dormant oncogene, but how remains unknown. If several oncogenes are driven into action, the cell, unable to turn them off, becomes cancerous.The exact mechanisms involved are still mysterious, but the likelihood that many cancers are initiated at the level of genes suggests that we will never prevent all cancers. “Changes are a normal part of the evolutionary process,” says oncologist William Hayward. Environmental factors can never be totally eliminated; as Hayward points out, “We can’t prepare a medicine against cosmic rays.”The prospects for cure, though still distant, are brighter.“First, we need to understand how the normal cell controls itself. Second, we have to determine whether there are a limited number of genes in cells which are always responsible for at least part of the trouble. If we can understand how cancer works, we can counteract its action.”63. The example of Pasteur in the passage is used to ________.1994年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题15[A] predict that the secret of cancer will be disclosed in a decade[B] indicate that the prospects for curing cancer are bright[C] prove that cancer will be cured in fifty to sixty years[D] warn that there is still a long way to go before cancer can be conquered64. The author implies that by the year 2000, ________.[A] there will be a drastic rise in the five-year survival rate of skin-cancerpatients[B] 90 percent of the skin-cancer patients today will still be living[C] the survival statistics will be fairly even among patients with variouscancers[D] there won’ t be a drastic increase of survival rate of all cancer patients65. Oncogenes are cancer-causing genes ________.[A] that are always in operation in a healthy person[B] which remain unharmful so long as they are not activated[C] that can be driven out of normal cells[D] which normal cells can’t turn off66. The word “dormant” in the third paragraph most probably means ________.[A] dead[B] ever-present[C] inactive[D] potentialText 5Discoveries in science and technology are thought by “untaught minds”to come in blinding flashes or as the result of dramatic accidents. Sir Alexander Fleming did not, as legend would have it, look at the mold on a piece of cheese and get the idea for penicillin there and then. He experimented with antibacterial substances for nine years before he made his discovery. Inventions and innovations almost always come out of laborious trial and error. Innovation is like soccer; even the best players miss the goal and have their shots blocked much more frequently than they score.The point is that the players who score most are the ones who take most shots at the goal -- and so it goes with innovation in any field of activity. The prime difference between innovation and others is one of approach. Everybody gets ideas, but innovators work consciously on theirs, and they follow them through until they prove practicable or otherwise. What ordinary people see as fanciful abstractions, professional innovators see as solid possibilities.16大家版词典级23年考研英语真题及答案“Creative thinking may mean simply the realization that there’s no particular virtue in doing things the way they have always been done,” wrote Rudolph Flesch, a language authority. This accounts for our reaction to seemingly simple innovations like plastic garbage bags and suitcases on wheels that make life more convenient: “How come nobody thought of that before?”The creative approach begins with the proposition that nothing is as it appears. Innovators will not accept that there is only one way to do anything. Faced with getting from A to B, the average person will automatically set out on the best-known and apparently simplest route. The innovator will search for alternate courses, which may prove easier in the long run and are bound to be more interesting and challenging even if they lead to dead ends.Highly creative individuals really do march to a different drummer.67. What does the author probably mean by “untaught mind” in the first paragraph?[A] A person ignorant of the hard work involved in experimentation.[B] A citizen of a society that restricts personal creativity.[C] A person who has had no education.[D] An individual who often comes up with new ideas by accident.68. According to the author, what distinguishes innovators from non-innovators?[A] The variety of ideas they have.[B] The intelligence they possess.[C] The way they deal with problems.[D] The way they present their findings.69. The author quotes Rudolph Flesch in Paragraph 3 because ________.[A] Rudolph Flesch is the best-known expert in the study of human creativity[B] the quotation strengthens the assertion that creative individuals look for newways of doing things[C] the reader is familiar with Rudolph Flesch’s point of view[D] the quotation adds a new idea to the information previously presented70. The phrase “march to a different drummer”(the last line of the passage)suggests that highly creative individuals are ________.[A] diligent in pursuing their goals[B] reluctant to follow common ways of doing things[C] devoted to the progress of society[D] concerned about the advance of societySection IV English-Chinese Translation1994年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题17 Directions:Read the following passage carefully and then translate the underlined sentences into Chinese. Your translation must be written neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (15 points)According to the new school of scientists, technology is an overlooked force in expanding the horizons of scientific knowledge. (71) Science moves forward, they say, not so much through the insights of great men of genius as because of more ordinary things like improved techniques and tools. (72) “In short,” a leader of the new school contends, “the scientific revolution, as we call it, was largely the improvement and invention and use of a series of instruments that expanded the reach of science in innumerable directions.”(73) Over the years, tools and technology themselves as a source of fundamental innovation have largely been ignored by historians and philosophers of science. The modern school that hails technology argues that such masters as Galileo, Newton, Maxwell, Einstein, and inventors such as Edison attached great importance to, and derived great benefit from, craft information and technological devices of different kinds that were usable in scientific experiments.The centerpiece of the argument of a technology-yes, genius-no advocate was an analysis of Galileo’s role at the start of the scientific revolution. The wisdom of the day was derived from Ptolemy, an astronomer of the second century, whose elaborate system of the sky put Earth at the center of all heavenly motions. (74) Galileo’s greatest glory was that in 1609 he was the first person to turn the newly invented telescope on the heavens to prove that the planets revolve around the sun rather than around the Earth. But the real hero of the story, according to the new school of scientists, was the long evolution in the improvement of machinery for making eye-glasses.Federal policy is necessarily involved in the technology vs. genius dispute. (75) Whether the Government’s should increase the financing of pure science at the expense of technology or vice versa often depends on the issue of which is seen as the driving force.Section V WritingDIRECTIONS:[A] Title: ON MAKING FRIENDS[B] TIME LIMIT: 40 minutes[C] Word limit: 120-150 words (not including the given opening sentence)[D] Your composition should be based on the OUTLINE below and should startwith the given opening sentence: “As a human being, one can hardly dowithout a friend.”[E] Your composition must be written clearly on the ANSWER SHEET. (15points)。

1994 Passage 5Discoveries in science and technology are thought by "untaught minds" to come in blinding flashes or as the result of dramatic accidents. Sir Alexander Fleming did not, as legend would have it, look at the mold on a piece of cheese and get the idea for penicillin there and then. He experimented with antibacterial substances for nine years before he made his discovery. Inventions and innovations almost always come out of laborious trial and error. Innovation is like soccer; even the best players miss the goal and have their shots blocked much more frequently than they score.The point is that the players who score most are the ones who take the most shots at the goal — and so it goes with innovation in any field of activity. The prime difference between innovators and others is one of approach. Everybody gets ideas, but innovators work consciously on theirs, and they follow them through until they prove practicable or otherwise. What ordinary people see as fanciful abstractions, professional innovators see as solid possibilities."Creative thinking may mean simply the realization that there's no particular virtue in doing things the way they have always been done," wrote Rudolph Flesch, a language authority. This accounts for our reaction to seemingly simple innovations like plastic garbage bags and suitcases on wheels that make life more convenient: "How come nobody thought of that before?"The creative approach begins with the proposition that nothing is as it appears. Innovators will not accept that there is only one way to do anything. Faced with getting from A to B, the average person will automatically set out on the best-known and apparently simplest route. The innovator will search for alternate courses, which may prove easier in the long run and are bound to be more interesting and challenging even if they lead to dead ends.Highly creative individuals really do march to a different drummer.67. What does the author probably mean by "untaught mind" in the first paragraph?[A] A person ignorant of the hard work involved in experimentation.[B] A citizen of a society that restricts personal creativity.[C] A person who has had no education.[D] An individual who often comes up with new ideas by accident.68. According to the author, what distinguishes innovators from non-innovators?[A] The variety of ideas they have.[B] The intelligence they possess.[C] The way they deal with problems.[D] The way they present their findings.69. The author quotes Rudolph Flesch in Paragraph 3 because ________.[A] Rudolph Flesch is the best-known expert in the study of human creativity[B] the quotation strengthens the assertion that creative individuals look for new ways of doing things[C] the reader is familiar with Rudolph Flesch's point of view[D] the quotation adds a new idea to the information previously presented70. The phrase "march to a different drummer" (the last line of the passage) suggests that highly creative individuals are ________.[A] diligent in pursuing their goals[B] reluctant to follow common ways of doing things[C] devoted to the progress of science[D] concerned about the advance of society科学技术上的发明创造被“不知内情者”看做灵感的眩目闪现或戏剧性事件的结果。

1994 Text 1Paragraph 11、The American economic system is organized around a basically private-enterprise, market-oriented economy in which consumers largely determine what shall be produced by spending their money in the marketplace for those goods and services that they want most. 美国的经济体制是在基本上由私营企业组成并以市场为导向的经济基础上建立起来的。

在这个经济体制里，需要生产什么主要是由消费者在市场上花钱购买他们最需要的商品和服务决定的。

1.1 organize英/ˈɔ:gənaɪz/ 美/ɔrɡənˌaɪz/vi. 组织起来；成立组织vt. 组织；使有系统化；给予生机；组织成立工会等1.2 basically英/'beɪsɪk(ə)lɪ/ 美/'besɪkli/adv. 主要地，基本上1.3 oriented英/'ɔːrɪentɪd/ 美/'orɪɛntɪd/v. 调整；使朝向（orient的过去分词）；确定…的方位adj. 导向的；定向的；以…为方向的1.4 determine英/dɪ'tɜːmɪn/ 美/dɪ'tɝmɪn/v. （使）下决心，（使）做出决定vt. 决定，确定；判定，判决；限定vi. 确定；决定；判决，终止；[主用于法律]了结，终止，结束2、Private businessmen, striving to make profits, produce these goods and services in competition with other businessmen; and the profit motive, operating under competitive pressures, largely determines how these goods and services are produced. 为了获取利润，私有企业主之间互相竞争，来生产这些产品和提供这些服务。

考研英语1994阅读考研英语1994年的阅读部分是历年考研英语试题中较为经典的一套，它不仅考验了考生的词汇量、语法知识，还考察了考生的逻辑推理和理解能力。

通过分析1994年的阅读材料，我们可以发现几个显著的特点，这些特点对于准备考研英语的考生来说，具有重要的参考价值。

首先，1994年的阅读材料涵盖了多个领域，包括社会科学、自然科学、人文科学等。

这些材料的多样性要求考生具备广泛的知识背景，以便能够快速适应不同题材的文章。

例如，其中一篇文章讨论了城市化对环境的影响，这就需要考生对环境科学有一定的了解。

其次，文章的难度适中，既有对细节的理解，也有对文章主旨的把握。

考生需要通过仔细阅读，理解文章的中心思想，并能够从细节中提炼出关键信息。

例如，有一篇文章通过对几种不同鸟类的描述，探讨了它们在生态系统中的作用，考生需要理解这些细节，并能够从中总结出文章的主旨。

再者，1994年的阅读部分还考察了考生的推理能力。

在某些文章中，作者并没有直接给出结论，而是通过一系列的事实和数据来引导读者自己得出结论。

这就需要考生具备较强的逻辑推理能力，能够从文章中提取信息，并进行合理的推断。

最后，1994年的阅读材料也体现了对考生语言运用能力的考察。

文章中包含了大量的长难句和复杂结构，考生需要能够准确理解这些句子的意思，并能够运用这些语言知识来回答问题。

综上所述，1994年的考研英语阅读部分是对考生综合能力的一次全面考察。

考生在准备考研英语时，应该注重提高自己的词汇量、语法知识、逻辑推理能力和语言运用能力，这样才能在考研英语的阅读部分取得好成绩。

同时，通过分析历年的考研英语阅读材料，考生可以更好地了解考试的难度和特点，从而更有针对性地进行复习。

1994年考研英语真题Section I Structure and V ocabularyPart ADirections:Beneath each of the following sentences, there are four choices marked [A], [B], [C] and [D]. Choose the one that best completes the sentence. Mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET 1by blackening the corresponding letter in the brackets. (5 points)1. By the time you arrive in London, we ________ in Europe for two weeks.[A] shall stay[B] have stayed[C] will have stayed[D] have been staying2. I appreciated ________ the opportunity to study abroad two years ago.[A] having been given[B] having given[C] to have been given[D] to have given3. Living in the central Australian desert has its problems, ________ obtainingwater is not the least.[A] of which[B] for what[C] as[D] whose4. The heart is ________ intelligent than the stomach, for they are both controlledby the brain.[A] not so[B] not much[C] much more[D] no more5. ________ the fact that his initial experiments had failed, Prof. White persistedin his research.[A] Because of[B] As to[C] In spite of[D] In view of6. Jean Wagner’s most enduring contribution to the study of Afro-American poetryis his insistence that it ________ in a religious, as well as worldly, frame of reference.[A] is to be analyzed[B] has been analyzed[C] be analyzed[D] should have been analyzed7. The millions of calculations involved, had they been done by hand, ________all practical value by the time they were finished.[A] could lose[B] would have lost[C] might lose[D] ought to have lost8. No bread eaten by man is so sweet as ________ earned by his own labour.[A] one[B] that[C] such[D] what9. It isn’t cold enough for there ________ a frost tonight, so I can leave Jim’s carout quite safely.[A] would be[B] being[C] was[D] to be10. Scientists generally agree that the Earth’s climate will warm up over the next 50to 100 years ________ it has warmed in the 20,000 years since the Ice Age.[A] as long as[B] as much as[C] as soon as[D] as well asPart BDirections:Each of the following sentences has four underlined parts marked [A], [B], [C] and [D]. Identify the part of the sentence that is incorrect and mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET 1by blackening the corresponding letter in the brackets. (5 points)11. Similar elements in the prehistoric remainsA from both areas suggestBthatIndians and their neighbours had maintainedC distant but real connections everDbefore 1500 B. C.12. It soon became obviouslyA that instead of being trainedBto sing she wouldCbetrained asDthe astronomer’s assistant.13. He also conceivedA that the solar system and the universe would comeBintoexistence byC a natural process and would disappearDone day.14. The moon has a mass that is nearly one hundred times lessA than the earthB;in consequenceC ,the force ofDgravity at the moon’s surface is only one-sixth ofthat at the earth’s surface.15. “The Bunsen burner is soA named because it is thoughtBto be inventedCbyRobert Bunsen, who was German byDbirth.16. Much althoughA I have traveled, I have never seen anyone to equalBher inthoroughness, whateverC the job D.17. The weedsA and tall grass in that yard makesBthe house lookCas if ithad been vacantDfor quite some time.18. If onlyA the nature of the aging process isBbetter understood, the possibilityof discoveringCa medicine that can block the fundamental process of agingseemsDvery remote.19. When I consider how talented he isA as a painterB, I cannot help but believingCthat the publicDwill appreciate his gift.20. Allen has statedA that he has always hadBa great interestCand admiration forDthe work of the British economist Keynes.Part CDirections:Beneath each of the following sentences, there are four choices marked [A], [B], [C] and [D]. Choose the one that best completes the sentence. Mark your answer on ANSWER SHEET 1 by blackening the corresponding letter in the brackets with a pencil. (10 points)21. Please do not be ________ by his bad manners since he is merely trying toattract attention.[A] disregarded[B] distorted[C] irritated[D] intervened22. Craig assured his boss that he would ________ all his energies in doing thisnew job.[A] call forth[B] call at[C] call on[D] call off23. Too much ________ to X-rays can cause skin burns, cancer or other damage tothe body.[A] disclosure[B] exhibition[C] contact[D] exposure24. When confronted with such questions, my mind goes ________, and I canhardly remember my own date of birth.[A] dim[B] blank[C] faint[D] vain25. It is well known that knowledge is that ________ condition for expansion ofmind.[A] incompatible[B] incredible[C] indefinite[D] indispensable26. More than two hundred years ago the United States ________ from the BritishEmpire and become an independent country.[A] got off[B] pulled down[C] broke away[D] dropped off27. Care should be taken to decrease the length of time that one is ________ loudcontinuous noise.[A] subjected to[B] filled with[C] associated with[D] attached to28. Some of the most important concepts in physics ________ their success to thesemathematical systems.[A] oblige[B] owe[C] contribute[D] attribute29. As your instructor advised, you ought to spend your time on something________ researching into.[A] precious[B] worth[C] worthy[D] valuable30. As a defense against air-pollution damage, many plants and animals ________a substance to absorb harmful chemicals.[A] relieve[B] release[C] dismiss[D] discard31. Without the friction between their feet and the ground, people would ________be able to walk.[A] in no time[B] by all means[C] in no way[D] on any account32. While typing, Helen has a habit of stopping ________ to give her long andflowing hair a smooth.[A] occasionally[B] simultaneously[C] eventually[D] promptly33. One reason for the successes of Asian immigrants in the U.S. is that they havetaken great ________ to educate their children.[A] efforts[B] pains[C] attempts[D] endeavours34. If any man here does not agree with me, he should ________ his own plan forimproving the living conditions of these people.[A] put on[B] put out[C] put in[D] put forward35. I support your decision, but I should also make it clear that I am not going to be________ to it.[A] connected[B] fastened[C] bound[D] stuck36. The English language contains a(n) ________ of words which arecomparatively seldom used in ordinary conversation.[A] altitude[B] latitude[C] multitude[D] attitude37. In my opinion, you can widen the ________ of these improvements throughyour active participation.[A] dimension[B] volume[C] magnitude[D] scope38. Your improper words will give ________ to doubts concerning your trueintentions.[A] rise[B] reason[C] suspicion[D] impulse39. The news item about the fire is followed by a detailed report made ________.[A] on the spot[B] on the site[C] on the location[D] on the ground40. The remarkable ________ of life on the Galapagos Islands inspired CharlesDarwin to establish his theory of evolution.[A] classification[B] variety[C] density[D] diversionSection II Cloze TestDirections:For each numbered blank in the following passage, there are four choices marked [A], [B], [C] and [D]. Choose the best one and mark your answer on ANSWER SHEET 1 by blackening the corresponding letter in the brackets with a pencil. (10 points)The first and smallest unit that can be discussed in relation to language is the word. In speaking, the choice of words is 41the utmost importance. Proper selection will eliminate one source of 大42家breakdown in the communication cycle. Too often, careless use of words 43 a meeting of the minds of the speaker and listener. The words used by the speaker may 44unfavorable reactions in the listener 45interfere with his comprehension; hence, the transmission-reception system breaks down.46, inaccurate or indefinite words may make 47difficult for the listener to understand the 48which is being transmitted to him. The speaker who does not have specific words in his working vocabulary may be 49to explain or describe in a 大50家that can be understood by his listeners.41. [A] of[B] at[C] for[D] on42. [A] inaccessible[B] timely[C] likely[D] invalid43. [A] encourages[B] prevents[C] destroys[D] offers44. [A] pass out[B] take away[C] back up[D] stir up45. [A] who[B] as[C] which[D] what46. [A] Moreover[B] However[C] Preliminarily[D] Unexpectedly47. [A] that[B] it[C] so[D] this48. [A] speech[B] sense[C] message[D] meaning49. [A] obscure[B] difficult[C] impossible[D] unable50. [A] case[B] means[C] method[D] waySection III Reading ComprehensionDirections:Each of the passages below is followed by some questions. For each question there are four answers marked [A], [B], [C] and [D]. Read the passages carefully and choose the best answer to each of the questions. Then mark your answer on ANSWER SHEET 1 by blackening the corresponding letter in the brackets with a pencil. (40 points)Text 1The American economic system is organized around a basically private-enterprise, market-oriented economy in which consumers largely determine what shall be produced by spending their money in the marketplace for those goods and services that they want most. Private businessmen, striving to make profits, produce these goods and services in competition with other businessmen; and the profit motive, operating under competitive pressures, largely determines how these goods and services are produced. Thus, in the American economic system it is the demand of individual consumers, coupled with the desire of businessmen to maximize profits and the desire of individuals to maximize their incomes, that together determine what shall be produced and how resources are used to produce it.An important factor in a market-oriented economy is the mechanism by which consumer demands can be expressed and responded to by producers. In the American economy, this mechanism is provided by a price system, a process in which prices rise and fall in response to relative demands of consumers and supplies offered by seller-producers. If the product is in short supply relative to the demand, the price will be bid up and some consumers will be eliminated from the market. If, on the other hand, producing more of a commodity results in reducing its cost, this will tend to increase the supply offered by seller-producers, which in turn will lower the price and permit more consumers to buy the product. Thus, price is the regulatingmechanism in the American economic system.The important factor in a private-enterprise economy is that individuals are allowed to own productive resources (private property), and they are permitted to hire labor, gain control over natural resources, and produce goods and services for sale at a profit. In the American economy, the concept of private property embraces not only the ownership of productive resources but also certain rights, including the right to determine the price of a product or to make a free contract with another private individual.51. In Line 8, Paragraph 1, “the desire of individuals to maximize their incomes”means ________.[A] Americans are never satisfied with their incomes[B] Americans tend to overstate their incomes[C] Americans want to have their incomes increased[D] Americans want to increase the purchasing power of their incomes52. The first two sentences in the second paragraph tell us that ________.[A] producers can satisfy the consumers by mechanized production[B] consumers can express their demands through producers[C] producers decide the prices of products[D] supply and demand regulate prices53. According to the passage, a private-enterprise economy is characterized by________.[A] private property and rights concerned[B] manpower and natural resources control[C] ownership of productive resources[D] free contracts and prices54. The passage is mainly about ________.[A] how American goods are produced[B] how American consumers buy their goods[C] how American economic system works[D] how American businessmen make their profitsText 2One hundred and thirteen million Americans have at least one bank-issued credit card. They give their owners automatic credit in stores, restaurants, and hotels, at home, across the country, and even abroad, and they make many banking servicesavailable as well. More and more of these credit cards can be read automatically, making it possible to withdraw or deposit money in scattered locations, whether or not the local branch bank is open. For many of us the “cashless society” is not on the horizon -- it’s already here.While computers offer these conveniences to consumers, they have many advantages for sellers too. Electronic cash registers can do much more than simply ring up sales. They can keep a wide range of records, including who sold what, when, and to whom. This information allows businessmen to keep track of their list of goods by showing which items are being sold and how fast they are moving. Decisions to reorder or return goods to suppliers can then be made. At the same time these computers record which hours are busiest and which employees are the most efficient, allowing personnel and staffing assignments to be made accordingly. And they also identify preferred customers for promotional campaigns. Computers are relied on by manufacturers for similar reasons. Computer-analyzed marketing reports can help to decide which products to emphasize now, which to develop for the future, and which to drop. Computers keep track of goods in stock, of raw materials on hand, and even of the production process itself.Numerous other commercial enterprises, from theaters to magazine publishers, from gas and electric utilities to milk processors, bring better and more efficient services to consumers through the use of computers.55. According to the passage, the credit card enables its owner to ________.[A] withdraw as much money from the bank as he wishes[B] obtain more convenient services than other people do[C] enjoy greater trust from the storekeeper[D] cash money wherever he wishes to56. From the last sentence of the first paragraph we learn that ________.[A] in the future all the Americans will use credit cards[B] credit cards are mainly used in the United States today[C] nowadays many Americans do not pay in cash[D] it is now more convenient to use credit cards than before57. The phrase “ring up sales” (Line 3, Para. 2) most probably means “________”.[A] make an order of goods[B] record sales on a cash register[C] call the sales manager[D] keep track of the goods in stock58. What is this passage mainly about?[A] Approaches to the commercial use of computers.[B] Conveniences brought about by computers in business.[C] Significance of automation in commercial enterprises.[D] Advantages of credit cards in business.Text 3Exceptional children are different in some significant way from others of the same age. For these children to develop to their full adult potential, their education must be adapted to those differences.Although we focus on the needs of exceptional children, we find ourselves describing their environment as well. While the leading actor on the stage captures our attention, we are aware of the importance of the supporting players and the scenery of the play itself. Both the family and the society in which exceptional children live are often the key to their growth and development. And it is in the public schools that we find the full expression of society’s understanding -- the knowledge, hopes, and fears that are passed on to the next generation.Education in any society is a mirror of that society. In that mirror we can see the strengths, the weaknesses, the hopes, the prejudices, and the central values of the culture itself. The great interest in exceptional children shown in public education over the past three decades indicates the strong feeling in our society that all citizens, whatever their special conditions, deserve the opportunity to fully develop their capabilities.“All men are created equal.” We’ve heard it many times, but it still has important meaning for education in a democratic society. Although the phrase was used by th is country’s founders to denote equality before the law, it has also been interpreted to mean equality of opportunity. That concept implies educational opportunity for all children -- the right of each child to receive help in learning to the limits of his or her capacity, whether that capacity be small or great. Recent court decisions have confirmed the right of all children -- disabled or not -- to an appropriate education, and have ordered that public schools take the necessary steps to provide that education. In response, schools are modifying their programs, adapting instruction to children who are exceptional, to those who cannot profit substantially from regular programs.59. In Paragraph 2, the author cites the example of the leading actor on the stage toshow that ________.[A] the growth of exceptional children has much to do with their family and thesociety[B] exceptional children are more influenced by their families than normalchildren are[C] exceptional children are the key interest of the family and society[D] the needs of the society weigh much heavier than the needs of theexceptional children60. The reason that the exceptional children receive so much concern in educationis that ________.[A] they are expected to be leaders of the society[B] they might become a burden of the society[C] they should fully develop their potential[D] disabled children deserve special consideration61. This passage mainly deals with ________.[A] the differences of children in their learning capabilities[B] the definition of exceptional children in modern society[C] the special educational programs for exceptional children[D] the necessity of adapting education to exceptional children62. From this passage we learn that the educational concern for exceptionalchildren ________.[A] is now enjoying legal support[B] disagrees with the tradition of the country[C] was clearly stated by the country’s founders[D] will exert great influence over court decisionsText 4“I have great confidence that by the end of the decade we’ll know in vast detail how cancer cells arise,” says microbiologist Robert Weinberg, an expert on cancer. “But,” he cautions, “some people have the idea that once one understands the causes, the cure will rapidly follow. Consider Pasteur, he discovered the causes of many kinds of infections, but it was fifty or sixty years before cures were available.”This year, 50 percent of the 910,000 people who suffer from cancer will survive at least five years. In the year 2000, the National Cancer Institute estimates, that figure will be 75 percent. For some skin cancers, the five-year survival rate is as high as 90 percent. But other survival statistics are still discouraging -- 13 percent for lung cancer, and 2 percent for cancer of the pancreas (胰腺).With as many as 120 varieties in existence, discovering how cancer works is not easy. The researchers made great progress in the early 1970s, when they discovered that oncogenes, which are cancer-causing genes (基因), are inactive in normal cells. Anything from cosmic rays to radiation to diet may activate a dormant oncogene, but how remains unknown. If several oncogenes are driven into action, the cell, unableto turn them off, becomes cancerous.The exact mechanisms involved are still mysterious, but the likelihood that many cancers are initiated at the level of genes suggests that we will never prevent all cancers. “Changes are a normal part of the evolutionary process,” says oncologist William Hayward. Environmental factors can never be totally eliminated; as Hayward points out, “We can’t prepare a medicine against cosmic rays.”The prospects for cure, though still distant, are brighter.“First, we need to understand how the normal cell controls itself. Second, we have to determine whether there are a limited number of genes in cells which are always responsible for at least part of the trouble. If we can understand how cancer works, we can counteract its action.”63. The example of Pasteur in the passage is used to ________.[A] predict that the secret of cancer will be disclosed in a decade[B] indicate that the prospects for curing cancer are bright[C] prove that cancer will be cured in fifty to sixty years[D] warn that there is still a long way to go before cancer can be conquered64. The author implies that by the year 2000, ________.[A] there will be a drastic rise in the five-year survival rate of skin-cancerpatients[B] 90 percent of the skin-cancer patients today will still be living[C] the survival statistics will be fairly even among patients with variouscancers[D] there won’ t be a drastic increase of survival rate of all cancer patients65. Oncogenes are cancer-causing genes ________.[A] that are always in operation in a healthy person[B] which remain unharmful so long as they are not activated[C] that can be driven out of normal cells[D] which normal cells can’t turn off66. The word “dormant” in the third paragraph most probably means ________.[A] dead[B] ever-present[C] inactive[D] potentialText 5Disc overies in science and technology are thought by “untaught minds” to come in blinding flashes or as the result of dramatic accidents. Sir Alexander Fleming did not, as legend would have it, look at the mold (霉) on a piece of cheese and get the idea for penicillin there and then. He experimented with antibacterial substances for nine years before he made his discovery. Inventions and innovations almost always come out of laborious trial and error. Innovation is like soccer; even the best players miss the goal and have their shots blocked much more frequently than they score.The point is that the players who score most are the ones who take most shots at the goal -- and so it goes with innovation in any field of activity. The prime difference between innovators and others is one of approach. Everybody gets ideas, but innovators work consciously on theirs, and they follow them through until they prove practicable or otherwise. What ordinary people see as fanciful abstractions, professional innovators see as solid possibilities.“Creative thinking may mean simply the realization that there’s no particular virtue in doing things the way they have always been done,” wrote Rudolph Flesch, a language authority. This accounts for our reaction to seemingly simple innovations like plastic garbage bags and suitcases on wheels that make life more convenient: “How come nobody thought of that before?”The creative approach begins with the proposition that nothing is as it appears. Innovators will not accept that there is only one way to do anything. Faced with getting from A to B, the average person will automatically set out on the best-known and apparently simplest route. The innovator will search for alternate courses, which may prove easier in the long run and are bound to be more interesting and challenging even if they lead to dead ends.Highly creative individuals really do march to a different drummer.67. What does the author probably mean by “untaught mind” in the first paragraph?[A] A person ignorant of the hard work involved in experimentation.[B] A citizen of a society that restricts personal creativity.[C] A person who has had no education.[D] An individual who often comes up with new ideas by accident.68. According to the author, what distinguishes innovators from non-innovators?[A] The variety of ideas they have.[B] The intelligence they possess.[C] The way they deal with problems.[D] The way they present their findings.69. The author quotes Rudolph Flesch in Paragraph 3 because ________.[A] Rudolph Flesch is the best-known expert in the study of human creativity[B] the quotation strengthens the assertion that creative individuals look for newways of doing things[C] the reader is familiar with Rudolph Flesch’s point of view[D] the quotation adds a new idea to the information previously presented70. The phrase “march to a different drummer” (the last line of the passage)suggests that highly creative individuals are ________.[A] diligent in pursuing their goals[B] reluctant to follow common ways of doing things[C] devoted to the progress of society[D] concerned about the advance of societySection IV English-Chinese TranslationDirections:Read the following passage carefully and then translate the underlined sentences into Chinese. Your translation must be written neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (15 points)According to the new school of scientists, technology is an overlooked force in expanding the horizons of scientific knowledge. (71) Science moves forward, they say, not so much through the insights of great men of genius as because of more ordinary things like improved techniques and tools. (72) “In short,” a leader of the new school contends, “the scientific revolution, as we call it, was largely the improvement and invention and use of a series of instruments that expanded the reach of science in innumerable directions.”(73) Over the years, tools and technology themselves as a source of fundamental innovation have largely been ignored by historians and philosophers of science. The modern school that hails technology argues that such masters as Galileo, Newton, Maxwell, Einstein, and inventors such as Edison attached great importance to, and derived great benefit from, craft information and technological devices of different kinds that were usable in scientific experiments.The centerpiece of the argument of a technology-yes, genius-no advocate was an analysis of Galileo’s role at the start of the scientific revolution. The wisdom of the day was derived from Ptolemy, an astronomer of the second century, whose elaborate system of the sky put Earth at the center of all heavenly motions. (74) Galileo’s greatest glory was that in 1609 he was the first person to turn the newly invented telescope on the heavens to prove that the planets revolve around the sun rather than around the Earth. But the real hero of the story, according to the new school of scientists, was the long evolution in the improvement of machinery for making eye-glasses.Federal policy is necessarily involved in the technology vs. genius dispute. (75) Whether the Government’s should increase the financing of pure science at the expense of technology or vice versa (反之) often depends on the issue of which is seen as the driving force.Section V WritingDirections:[A] Title: ON MAKING FRIENDS[B] Time limit: 40 minutes[C] Word limit: 120-150 words (not including the given opening sentence)[D] Your composition should be based on the OUTLINE below and should startwith the given opening sentence: “As a human being, one can hardly dowithout a friend.”[E] Your composition must be written clearly on the ANSWER SHEET. (15points)OUTLINE:1. The need for friends2. True friendship3. My principle in making friends。

1994年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题Section I: Structure and VocabularyPart ADirections:Beneath each of the following sentences, there are four choices marked [A], B), [C] and [D]. Choose the one that best completes the sentence. Mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET by blackening the corresponding letter in the brackets. (5 points)1.By the time you arrive in London, we ________ in Europe for two weeks.[A] shall stay[B] have stayed[C] will have stayed[D] have been staying2. I appreciated ________ the opportunity to study abroad two years ago.[A] having been given[B] having given[C] to have been given[D] to have given3. Living in the central Australian desert has its problems, ________ obtaining water is not the least.[A] of which[B] for what[C] as[D] whose4. The heart is ________ intelligent than the stomach, for they are both controlled by the brain.[A] not so[B] not much[C] much more[D] no more5.________ the fact that his initial experiments had failed, Prof. White persisted in his research.[A] Because of[B] As to[C] In spite of[D] In view of6.Jean Wagner’s most enduring contribution to the study of Afro-American poetry is his insistence that it ________ in religious, as well as worldly, frame of reference.[A] is to be analyzed[B] has been analyzed[C] be analyzed[D] should have been analyzed7. The millions of calculations involved, had they been done by hand, ________ all practical value by the time they finished.[A] could lose[B] would have lost[C] might lose[D] ought to have lost8.No bread eaten by man is so sweet as ________ earned by his own labour.[A] one[B] that[C] such[D] what9.It isn’t cold enough for there ________ a frost tonight, so I can leave Jim’s car out quite safely.[A] would be[B] being[C] was[D] to be10.Scientists generally agree that the Earth’s climate will warm up over the next 50 to 100 years ________ it has warmed in the 20,000 years since the Ice Age.[A] as long as[B] as much as[C] as soon as[D] as well asPart BDirections:Each of the following sentences has four underlined parts marked [A], [B], [C] and [D]. Identify the part of the sentence that is incorrect and mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET by blackening the corresponding letter in the brackets. (5 points)11.Similar elements in the prehistoric remains [A] from both areas suggest [B] that Indians and their neighbours had maintained [C] distant but real connections ever [D] before 1500 B. C. 12.It soon became obviously [A] that instead of being trained [B] to sing she would [C] be trained as [D] the astronomer’s assistant.13.He also conceived [A] that the solar system and the universe would come [B] into existence by [C] a natural process and would disappear [D] one day.14.The moon has a mass that is nearly one hundred times less [A] than the earth [B]; in consequence [C],the force of [D] gravity at the moon’s surface is only one-sixth of that at theearth’s surface.15. “The Bunsen burner is so [A] named because it is thought [B] to be invented [C] by Robert Bunsen, who was German by [D] birth.16.Much although [A] I have traveled, I have never seen anyone to equal [B] her in thoroughness, whatever [C] the job [D].17. The weeds [A] and tall grass in that yard makes [B] the house look [C] as if it had been vacant [D] for quite some time.18.If only [A] the nature of the aging process is [B] better understood, the possibility of discovering [C] a medicine that can block the fundamental process of aging seems [D] very remote.19.When I consider how talented he is [A] as a painter [B], I cannot help but believing [C] that the public [D] will appreciate his gift.20.Allen has stated [A] that he has always had [B] a great interest [C] and admiration for [D] the work of the British economist Keynes.Part CDirections:Beneath each of the following sentences, there are four choices marked [A], [B], [C] and [D]. Choose the one that best completes the sentence. Mark your answer on ANSWER SHEET 1 by blackening the corresponding letter in the brackets with a pencil. (10 points)21.Please do not be ________ by his bad manners since he is merely trying to attract attention.[A] disregarded[B] distorted[C] irritated[D] intervened22. Craig assured his boss that he would ________ all his energies in doing this new job.[A] call forth[B] call at[C] call on[D] call off23.Too much ________ to X-rays can cause skin burns, cancer or other damage to the body.[A] disclosure[B] exhibition[C] contact[D] exposure24.When confronted with such questions, my mind goes ________, and I can hardly remember my own date of birth.[A] dim[B] blank[C] faint[D] vain25.It is well known that knowledge is the ________ condition for expansion of mind.[A] incompatible[B] incredible[C] indefinite[D] indispensable26.More than two hundred years ago the United States ________ from the British Empire and become an independent country.[A] got off[B] pulled down[C] broke away[D] attached to27.Care should be taken to decrease the length of time that one is ________ loud continuous noise.[A] subjected to[B] filled with[C] associated with[D] dropped off28.Some of the most important concepts in physics ________ their success to these mathematical systems.[A] oblige[B] owe[C] contribute[D] attribute29.As your instructor advised, you ought to spend your time on something ________ researching into.[A] precious[B] worth[C] worthy[D] valuable30.As a defense against air-pollution damage, many plants and animals ________ a substance to absorb harmful chemicals.[A] relieve[B] release[C] dismiss[D] discard31.Without the friction between their feet and the ground, people would ________ be able to walk.[A] in no time[B] by all means[C] in no way[D] on any account32.While typing, Helen has a habit of stopping ________ to give her long and flowing hair a smooth.[A] occasionally[B] simultaneously[C] eventually[D] promptly33.One reason for the successes of Asian immigrants in the U.S. is that they have taken great ________ to educate their children.[A] efforts[B] pains[C] attempts[D] endeavours34. If any man here does not agree with me, he should ________ his own plan for improving the living conditions of these people.[A] put on[B] put out[C] put in[D] put forward35.I support your decision, but I should also make it clear that I am not going to be ________ to it.[A] connected[B] fastened[C] bound[D] stuck36.The English language contains a(n) ________ of words which are comparative seldom used in ordinary conversation.[A] altitude[B] latitude[C] multitude[D] attitude37.In my opinion, you can widen the ________ of these improvements through your active participation.[A] dimension[B] volume[C] magnitude[D] scope38.Your improper words will give ________ to doubts concerning your true intentions.[A] rise[B] reason[C] suspicion[D] impulse39.The news item about the fire is followed by a detailed report made ________.[A] on the spot[B] on the site[C] on the location[D] on the ground40. The remarkable ________ of life on the Galopagos Islands inspired Charles Darwin to establish his theory of evolution.[A] classification[B] variety[C] density[D] diversionSection II: Cloze TestDirections:For each numbered blank in following passage, there are four choices marked [A], [B], [C] and [D]. Choose the best one and mark your answer on ANSWER SHEET 1 by blackening the corresponding letter in the brackets with a pencil. (10 points)The first and smallest unit that can be discussed in relation to language is the word. In speaking, the choice of words is __41__ the utmost importance. Proper selection will eliminate one source of __42__ breakdown in the communication cycle. Too often, careless use of words __43__ a meeting of the minds of the speaker and listener. The words used by the speaker may __44__ unfavorable reactions in the listener __45__ interfere with his comprehension; hence, the transmission-reception system breaks down.__46__, inaccurate or indefinite words may make __47__ difficult for the listener to understand the __48__ which is being transmitted to him. The speaker who does not have specific words in his working vocabulary may be __49__ to explain or describe in a __50__ that can be understood by his listeners.41. [A] of[B] at[C] for[D] on42. [A] inaccessible[B] timely[C] likely[D] invalid43.[A] encourages[B] prevents[C] destroys[D] offers44.[A] pass out[B] take away[C] back up[D] stir up45.[A] who[B] as[C] which[D] what46. [A] Moreover[B] However[C] Preliminarily[D] Unexpectedly47. [A] that[B] It[C] so[D] this48.[A] speech[B] sense[C] message[D] meaning49.[A] obscure[B] difficult[C] impossible[D] unable50. [A] case[B] means[C] method[D] waySection III: Reading ComprehensionDirections:Each of the passages below is followed by some questions. For each question there are four answers marked [A], [B], [C] and [D]. Read the passages carefully and choose the best answer to each of the questions. Then mark your answer on ANSWER SHEET 1 by blackening the corresponding letter in the brackets with a pencil. (40 points)Text 1The American economic system is organized around a basically private-enterprise, market-oriented economy in which consumers largely determine what shall be produced by spending their money in the marketplace for those goods and services that they want most. Private businessmen, striving to make profits, produce these goods and services in competition with other businessmen; and the profit motive, operating under competitive pressures, largely determines how these goods and services are produced. Thus, in the American economic system it is the demand of individual consumers, coupled with the desire of businessmen to maximize profits and the desire of individuals to maximize their incomes, that together determine what shall be produced and how resources are used to produce it.An important factor in a market-oriented economy is the mechanism by which consumer demands can be expressed and responded to by producers. In the American economy, this mechanism is provided by a price system, a process in which prices rise and fall in response to relative demands of consumers and supplies offered by seller-producers. If the product is in short supply relative to the demand, the price will be bid up and some consumers will be eliminated from the market. If, on the other hand, producing more of a commodity results in reducing its cost, this will tend to increase the supply offered by seller-producers, which in turn will lower the price and permit more consumers to buy the product. Thus, price is the regulating mechanism in the American economic system.The important factor in a private-enterprise economy is that individuals are allowed to own productive resources (private property), and they are permitted to hire labor, gain control over natural resources, and produce goods and services for sale at a profit. In the American economy, the concept of private property embraces not only the ownership of productive resources but also certain rights, including the right to determine the price of a product or to make a free contract with another private individual.51.In Line 11, Paragraph 1, “the desire of individuals to maximize their incomes” means ________.[A] Americans are never satisfied with their incomes[B] Americans tend to overstate their incomes[C] Americans want to have their incomes increased[D] Americans want to increase the purchasing power of their incomes52.The first two sentences in the second paragraph tell us that ________.[A] producers can satisfy the consumers by mechanized production[B] consumers can express their demands through producers[C] producers decide the prices of products[D] supply and demand regulate prices53.According to the passage, a private-enterprise economy is characterized by ________.[A] private property and rights concerned[B] manpower and natural resources control[C] ownership of productive resources[D] free contracts and prices54.The passage is mainly about ________.[A] how American goods are produced[B] how American consumers buy their goods[C] how American economic system works[D] how American businessmen make their profitsText 2One hundred and thirteen million Americans have at least one bank-issued credit card. They give their owners automatic credit in stores, restaurants, and hotels, at home, across the country, and even abroad, and they make many banking services available as well. More and more of these credit cards can be read automatically, making it possible to withdraw or deposit money in scattered locations, whether o r not the local branch bank is open. For many of us the “cashless society” is not on the horizon -- it’s already here.While computers offer these conveniences to consumers, they have many advantages for sellers too. Electronic cash registers can do much more than simply ring up sales. They can keep a wide range of records, including who sold what, when, and to whom. This information allows businessmen to keep track of their list of goods by showing which items are being sold and how fast they are moving. Decisions to reorder or return goods to suppliers can then be made. At the same time these computers record which hours are busiest and which employees are the most efficient, allowing personnel and staffing assignments to be made accordingly. And they also identify preferred customers for promotional campaigns. Computers are relied on by manufacturers for similar reasons. Computer-analyzed marketing reports can help to decide which products to emphasize now, which to develop for the future, and which to drop. Computers keep track of goods in stock, of raw materials on hand, and even of the production process itself.Numerous other commercial enterprises, from theaters to magazine publishers, from gas and electric utilities to milk processors, bring better and more efficient services to consumers through the use of computers.55.According to the passage, the credit card enables its owner to ________.[A] withdraw as much money from the bank as he wishes[B] obtain more convenient services than other people do[C] enjoy greater trust from the storekeeper[D] cash money wherever he wishes to56.From the last sentence of the first paragraph we learn that ________.[A] in the future all the Americans will use credit cards[B] credit cards are mainly used in the United States today[C] nowadays many Americans do not pay in cash[D] it is now more convenient to use credit cards than before57.The phrase “ring up sales” (Line 3, Para. 2) most probably means “________”.[A] make an order of goods[B] record sales on a cash register[C] call the sales manager[D] keep track of the goods in stock58. What is this passage mainly about?[A] Approaches to the commercial use of computers.[B] Conveniences brought about by computers in business.[C] Significance of automation in commercial enterprises.[D] Advantages of credit cards in business.Text 3Exceptional children are different in some significant way from others of the same age. For these children to develop to their full adult potential, their education must be adapted to those differences.Although we focus on the needs of exceptional children, we find ourselves describing their environment as well. While the leading actor on the stage captures our attention, we are aware of the importance of the supporting players and the scenery of the play itself. Both the family and the society in which exceptional children live are often the key to their growth and development. And it is in the public schools that we find the full expression of society’s understanding -- the knowledge, hopes, and fears that are passed on to the next generation.Education in any society is a mirror of that society. In that mirror we can see the strengths, the weaknesses, the hopes, the prejudices, and the central values of the culture itself. The great interest in exceptional children shown in public education over the past three decades indicates the strong feeling in our society that all citizens, whatever their special conditions, deserve the opportunity to fully develop their capabilities.“All men are created equal.” We’ve heard it many times, but it still has important meaning for education in a democratic society. Although the phrase was used by this country’s founders to denote equality before the law, it has also been interpreted to mean equality of opportunity. That concept implies educational opportunity for all children -- the right of each child to receive help in learning to the limits of his or her capacity, whether that capacity be small or great. Recent court decisions have confirmed the right of all children -- disabled or not -- to an appropriate education, and have ordered that public schools take the necessary steps to provide that education. In response, schools are modifying their programs, adapting instruction to children who are exceptional, to those who cannot profit substantially from regular programs.59.In Paragraph 2, the author cites the example of the leading actor on the stage to show that[A] the growth of exceptional children has much to do with their family and the society[B] exceptional children are more influenced by their families than normal children are[C] exceptional children are the key interest of the family and society[D] the needs of the society weigh much heavier than the needs of the exceptional children60. The reason that the exceptional children receive so much concern in education is that ________.[A] they are expected to be leaders of the society[B] they might become a burden of the society[C] they should fully develop their potentials[D] disabled children deserve special consideration61.This passage mainly deals with ________.[A] the differences of children in their learning capabilities[B] the definition of exceptional children in modern society[C] the special educational programs for exceptional children[D] the necessity of adapting education to exceptional children62.From this passage we learn that the educational concern for exceptional children ________.[A] is now enjoying legal support[B] disagrees with the tradition of the country[C] was clearly stated by the country’s founders[D] will exert great influence over court decisionsText 4“I have great confidence that by the end of the decade we’ll know in vast detail how cancer cells arise,” says microbiologist Robert Weinberg, an expert on cancer. “But,” he cautions, “some people have the idea that once one understands the causes, the cure will rapidly follow. Consider Pasteur, he discovered the causes of many kinds of infections, but it was fifty or sixty years before cure s were available.”This year, 50 percent of the 910,000 people who suffer from cancer will survive at least five years. In the year 2000, the National Cancer Institute estimates, that figure will be 75 percent. For some skin cancers, the five-year survival rate is as high as 90 percent. But other survival statistics are still discouraging -- 13 percent for lung cancer, and 2 percent for cancer of the pancreas.With as many as 120 varieties in existence, discovering how cancer works is not easy. The researchers made great progress in the early 1970s, when they discovered that oncogenes, which are cancer-causing genes, are inactive in normal cells. Anything from cosmic rays to radiation to diet may activate a dormant oncogene, but how remains unknown. If several oncogenes are driven into action, the cell, unable to turn them off, becomes cancerous.The exact mechanisms involved are still mysterious, but the likelihood that many cancers are initiated at the level of genes suggests that we will never prevent all cancers. “Changes are anormal part of the evolutionary process,” says oncologist William Hayward. Environmental factors can never be totally eliminated; as Hayward points out, “We can’t prepare a medicine against cosmic rays.”The prospects for cure, though still distant, are brighter.“First, we need to understand how the normal cell controls itself. Second, we have to determine whether there are a limited number of genes in cells which are always responsible for at least part of the trouble. If we can un derstand how cancer works, we can counteract its action.”63. The example of Pasteur in the passage is used to ________.[A] predict that the secret of cancer will be disclosed in a decade[B] indicate that the prospects for curing cancer are bright[C] prove that cancer will be cured in fifty to sixty years[D] warn that there is still a long way to go before cancer can be conquered64.The author implies that by the year 2000, ________.[A] there will be a drastic rise in the five-year survival rate of skin-cancer patients[B] 90 percent of the skin-cancer patients today will still be living[C] the survival statistics will be fairly even among patients with various cancers[D] there won’ t be a drastic increase of survival rate of all cancer patients65. Oncogenes are cancer-causing genes ________.[A] that are always in operation in a healthy person[B] which remain unharmful so long as they are not activated[C] that can be driven out of normal cells[D] which normal cells can’t turn off66.The word “dormant” in the third paragraph most probably means ________.[A] dead[B] ever-present[C] inactive[D] potentialText 5Discoveries in science and technology are thought by “untaught minds” to come in blinding flashes or as the result of dramatic accidents. Sir Alexander Fleming did not, as legend would have it, look at the mold on a piece of cheese and get the idea for penicillin there and then. He experimented with antibacterial substances for nine years before he made his discovery. Inventions and innovations almost always come out of laborious trial and error. Innovation is like soccer; even the best players miss the goal and have their shots blocked much more frequently than they score.The point is that the players who score most are the ones who take most shots at the goal -- and so it goes with innovation in any field of activity. The prime difference between innovation and others is one of approach. Everybody gets ideas, but innovators work consciously on theirs, and they follow them through until they prove practicable or otherwise. What ordinary people see as fanciful abstractions, professional innovators see as solid possibilities.“Creative thinking may mean simply the realization that there’s no particular virtue in doing things the way they ha ve always been done,” wrote Rudolph Flesch, a language authority. This accounts for our reaction to seemingly simple innovations like plastic garbage bags and suitcases on wheels that make life more convenient: “How come nobody thought of that before?”The creative approach begins with the proposition that nothing is as it appears. Innovators will not accept that there is only one way to do anything. Faced with getting from A to B, the average person will automatically set out on the best-known and apparently simplest route. The innovator will search for alternate courses, which may prove easier in the long run and are bound to be more interesting and challenging even if they lead to dead ends.Highly creative individuals really do march to a different drummer.67.What does the author probably mean by “untaught mind” in the first paragraph?[A] A person ignorant of the hard work involved in experimentation.[B] A citizen of a society that restricts personal creativity.[C] A person who has had no education.[D] An individual who often comes up with new ideas by accident.68.According to the author, what distinguishes innovators from non-innovators?[A] The variety of ideas they have.[B] The intelligence they possess.[C] The way they deal with problems.[D] The way they present their findings.69.The author quotes Rudolph Flesch in Paragraph 3 because ________.[A] Rudolph Flesch is the best-known expert in the study of human creativity[B] the quotation strengthens the assertion that creative individuals look for new ways ofdoing things[C] the reader is familiar with Rudolph Flesch’s point of view[D] the quotation adds a new idea to the information previously presented70.The phrase “march to a different drummer” (the last line of the passage) suggests that highly creative individuals are ________.[A] diligent in pursuing their goals[B] reluctant to follow common ways of doing things[C] devoted to the progress of science[D] concerned about the advance of societySection IV: English-Chinese TranslationDirections:Read the following passage carefully and then translate underlined sentences into Chinese. Your translation must be written neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (15 points)According to the new school of scientists, technology is an overlooked force in expanding the horizons of scientific knowledge. (71) Science moves forward, they say, not so much through the insights of great men of genius as because of more ordinary things likeimproved techniques and tools. (72) “In short,” a leader of the new school contends, “the scientific revolution, as we call it, was largely the improvement and invention and use of a series of instruments that expanded the reach of science in innumerable directions.”(73) Over the years, tools and technology themselves as a source of fundamental innovation have largely been ignored by historians and philosophers of science. The modern school that hails technology argues that such masters as Galileo, Newton, Maxwell, Einstein, and inventors such as Edison attached great importance to, and derived great benefit from, craft information and technological devices of different kinds that were usable in scientific experiments.The centerpiece of the argument of a technology-yes, genius-no advocate was an analysis of Galileo’s role at the start of the scientific revolution. The wisdom of the day was derived from Ptolemy, an astronomer of the second century, whose elaborate system of the sky put Earth at the center of all heavenly motions. (74) Galileo’s greatest glory was that in 1609 h e was the first person to turn the newly invented telescope on the heavens to prove that the planets revolve around the sun rather than around the Earth. But the real hero of the story, according to the new school of scientists, was the long evolution in the improvement of machinery for making eyeglasses.Federal policy is necessarily involved in the technology vs. genius dispute. (75) Whether the Government should increase the financing of pure science at the expense of technology or vice versa often depends on the issue of which is seen as the driving force.Section V: WritingDirections:[A] Title: ON MAKING FRIENDS[B] TIME LIMIT: 40 minutes[C] Word limit: 120-150 words (not including the given opening sentence)[D] Your composition should be based on the OUTLINE below and should start with the given opening sentence: “As a human being, one can hardly do without a friend.”[E] Your composition must be written clearly on the ANSWER SHEET. (15 points) OUTLINE:l. The need for friends2. True friendship3. My principle in making friends。

1994考研英语真题1994考研英语真题：回顾与分析1994年考研英语真题是考研英语历史上的一个重要里程碑，对于考生们来说，它既是一次挑战，也是一次机遇。

本文将回顾并分析这个历史悠久的考题，探讨其对考生们的影响以及其中蕴含的学习价值。

首先，我们回顾一下1994年考研英语真题的整体结构。

这一年的考题分为两部分，第一部分是阅读理解，共有三篇文章；第二部分是写作，要求考生根据所给的题目写一篇短文。

这样的结构在当时是非常典型的，也是后来考研英语真题的基本模式。

接下来，我们来分析一下这些题目对考生的影响。

首先，阅读理解部分的文章内容涉及广泛，包括科学、文化、历史等多个领域。

这要求考生具备一定的跨学科知识背景，能够理解和分析不同领域的文章。

此外，文章的语言难度较高，对于词汇量和阅读理解能力都提出了较高的要求。

因此，这些题目对于考生的综合能力有着很大的考验。

在写作部分，考生需要根据所给的题目写一篇短文。

这要求考生具备一定的写作能力和逻辑思维能力。

同时，写作的内容也要求考生有一定的知识储备，能够运用所学的知识进行思考和表达。

因此，这些题目对于考生的综合素质有着很高的要求。

然而，1994年考研英语真题并不仅仅是对考生的一次考验，更重要的是其中蕴含的学习价值。

首先，这些题目涉及的知识点广泛，对考生的知识储备有着很高的要求。

通过做这些题目，考生可以巩固和扩展自己的知识体系，提高自己的综合素质。

其次，这些题目的难度较高，对考生的思维能力和解决问题的能力提出了挑战。

通过解答这些题目，考生可以培养自己的分析和思考能力，提高自己的问题解决能力。

最后，这些题目的语言难度也较高，对考生的语言能力提出了要求。

通过阅读和理解这些题目，考生可以提高自己的语言理解和表达能力。

综上所述，1994年考研英语真题是一次具有重要意义的考试，对考生们的综合素质提出了很高的要求。

通过回顾和分析这些题目，我们可以深入了解考研英语的发展历程，了解考研英语的考试模式和内容。

考研英语历年阅读真题解析（1994－2006）CONTENTSPREFACE ..............................错误！未定义书签。

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