北京科技大学考博英语必备语法知识点

北京科技大学考博英语真题复习备考方法今天我们主要谈三点：一是要求解读，咱这次课解读英语一;二是谈谈大家对考博完形填空的感受;第三是重点，讲解考博完形填空的做题步骤及技巧。

需要各大院校历年考博英语真题及其解析请加扣扣七七二六七八五三七或二八九零零六四三五一，也可以拨打全国免费咨询电话四零零六六八六九七八享受考博辅导体验。

先看2013年的考博要求对完形填空部分的要求,俗语说：有的放矢，我们先要明白靶子在哪里。

该部分考查考生的语言要素的掌握程度，还考查对语段特征的辨识能力。

出题形式是在240-280词的文章留出20个空，这个大家都很熟悉了，从学英语的初期时咱就开始接触。

虽然接触了那么久，要是问大家对考博完形填空的感受，或者问考博的那个部分最难，完形填空也会是大家的一个重要选择。

有的同学说，老师，阅读真看不懂，我还可以带着选项去文章中找，写作我还可以提前准备一下，可是完形填空我本来对文章就看不懂，还有那么多空要填。

一个字：难。

还有人说我不如掷个色子或者投个纸团。

我问他原因，他说，老师，我自己做的还不如掷筛子或投纸团对的题目多。

难道完形填空就真得这么难么?答案当然是否定的。

下面咱们从技术角度分析下：万变不离其宗。

完形填空再怎么变化，也要根据要求的考查要求来出题。

咱再看一次要求：重点考查两个方面：一是语言要素，说到底就是词;二是语段特征，说到底就是文章结构。

从词汇方面来看，词多么?一篇考博完形填空总词量在240-280词之间。

这十年来，除了2004年286个词，2011年293个词，2013年292个词以外，其余都在这个范围内。

这个总词量是远远小于后面的大阅读的。

词难么?大家可以看下考博完形填空的文章，几乎没有偏词难词，再看下选项，从94年到13年，这二十年1600个选项，也几乎都在考博要求的基础词汇10000个以内。

如果再说文章看不懂，那只能说明单词量不过关，这10000个单词是出题前写出来的最基本的词汇，是要求参加考博英语的同学们背诵的，因此说考博完形填空难得同学们还要把词汇再攻克一下。

考博英语语法基础知识一、倒装（一）全部倒装1. “There (Here) +be+主语”There stand big buildings in this district.Here on the desk lies a pile of books.2. 单个副词(in, out, now, up, down, away, off, then)位于句首(短语动词不可拆，如it blew up.)In came the boss. / Ahead sat an old man.3. 介词短语作状语位于句首In the middle of the room stood the naughty boy.4. 表语位于句首Especially remarkable was his flat nose.Not far from here is a famous university.5. so,nor, neither, no more 位于句首,代表前文She wasn’t angry, and neither was I.Peter does n’t like pop music. No more does his brother.6. 分词短语位于句首（分词+be +主语）Gone forever were the days that we depended on foreign oil.（二）部分倒装1. 疑问句2. 否定副词(seldom, rarely, scarcely, hardly, little, never, few, not until, not only) 位于句首（作形容词时例外）Never did John speak rudely to his parents.3. “only+状语”位于句首（主句变为倒装）Only when he comes back can be leave.4. “hardly…when”, “scarcely…when”, “no sooner…than”, “not only…(but also)” 位于句首No sooner had he got into the classroom than the class began.5. not,no组成的词组位于句首(in no way, under no circumstances, on no account…) By no means should you break the rules.At no time should we give in to difficulties.6. 虚拟倒装(had, were, should放到句首)7. “形容词/名词/动词+as/though（尽管,虽然）+be动词”Small though the room is, it can hold more than twenty people.Search as they would, they could find nothing in the house.真题剖析(2000) Faster than ever before, the human world is becoming an urban world. By the millions they come, the ambitious and the down-trodden of the world drawn by the strange magnetism of urban 46 .46. A. way B. life C. area D. people二、限定词的用法1. Both, each, either, neither (只指两个)2. All, every, each, some, any, no (指两个以上)3. Some, any, more, (the) most, all, a lot, lots, enough, none (复数可数或不可数)4. Much, (a) little, a good/great deal, less, (the) least (不可数)eg. “Got any money?” “None at all.”eg. “Does either side of this street get more sun that the other?” “No, neither side is sunnier than the other.”从句为考察重点(1999) …The answers given by 200 women to those intimate open-ended questions made me realize that 51 was wrong could not be related to education in the way it was then believed to be. …51. A. which B. what C. it D. that(1998) They learned to 51 their farming habits to the climate and soil. 52 they selected the fourth Thursday of November for their Thanksgiving 53 , they invited their neighbors, …52. A. While B. When C. So D. If(1993) In the United States a commentator remarked that 45 Japan apparently stillused some “primitive tools”, 46 a Japanese commentator expressed astonishment that the American pens wrote so poorly they could safely be used only once and then discarded.46. A. though B. when C. while D. and thatomitting the subjectRather formal use让步状语从句以although, though, while, or whilst 开头时通常与主句共享主语, 从句谓语用分词形式。

Whisper 小声细语Proclaim 大声宣告reclaim 纠正，收回acclaim 欢呼，喝彩claim 要求，声称Deteriorate 使土地变坏，恶化Criticize 批评object 反对不及物动词object to/against oppose 反对，及物动词，直接跟宾语反对某种观点或计划frown 皱眉frown on 不同意Renown 声誉名望prominence 卓越，显著的地位authority 权威，专家，当局Intensify 加剧enforce 迫使Feasible 可行的appropriate 合适的apt 有……倾向的，恰当的Countenance 面容，表情Hindrance阻碍Patriotisms 爱国主义Reproach 斥责beyond reproach 无可指责的reprehend 斥责Plague 瘟疫，灾害，折磨Avail 利用，效益，有利于avail oneself of sth 利用Indulge 沉溺于，放纵indulge inLaudatory 赞美的lascivious 好色的，淫荡的languish 憔悴的lethargic 昏睡的，无生气的Fill one’s prescription 给某人开处方To be blame for 主动结构表示被动意义，不能采用blame的被动形式Be charged with被控告denounce 公然抨击Identical 同一的，完全相同的superficial 表面的，肤浅的At best 最多al length 最后，详细的in bulk 大量的，详细的in effect 实际上Get by 过得去，过活get around 出行V oluntarily 自动的，以自由意识的compulsorily 强制的Eliminate 消除，淘汰dispose 处理，处置exclude 排除extinguish 熄灭，扑灭abolish 对法律习俗的废除Accommodate 提供住宿/房间，迎合，迁就furnish 提供生活或某种用途需要的东西Admit 说服，再三追问下承认confess 坦白，招认concede 勉强不得不承认Affiliate 加入，成为……的一部分Stretch 延展，延伸stretch one’s mind绞尽脑汁reinforce 加固，增援Bewilder 使困惑，茫然perplex 使疑虑不安Compel 强迫，迫使，使用权力/力量迫使Constrain 力劝，强迫更强调内心的情感的迫使Force 强迫（暴力威胁）常用被动语态Oblige （法律/习俗）强迫常用被动语态Confinement 限制，囚禁restraint 克制，抑制Credible 可信的，可靠的credulous 轻信的plausible 似乎可信Transcend 超出，超越（一般经验/常识）难以为大众理解Feasible 可行的practicable 可行的practical 实用的pragmatic 实用的，务实的Refrain 抑制，禁止不及物动词正式refrain fromRestrain 限制及物动词restrain sb from doing sthconstrain 限制，力劝及物动词subordinate 次要的，从属的，下级的acquire 经过努力逐渐获得的知识/才能/习惯等attain 经过努力获得不曾预料的结果，达到某一目标obtain 获得，买到，正式语体gain 通过较大努力获得某种利益或好处，或军事武力夺取adjust 微小的改变或技术调整amend 正式修改法律文件等alter 使事物在外观/性质/用途方面稍作改变strive for superiority over their peers 力争优于同龄人plight 困境polarization 极化，对立plague 折磨tentative 实验性的decisive 决定性的soar 飙升mutate 突变plummet 暴跌fluctuate 波动sophisticated 复杂的，世故的shrink 收缩inscribe 雕刻decorate 装饰maintain 保持BIM equals body mass divided by the square of height. 公式BIM=体重/身高的平方In essence 事实上in turn 依次Quality as 被认为Grounded in health concerns 基于对健康的关注Around the corner 在拐角处，迫在眉睫，即将到来Take over 接管Withdraw 有“提款，取款”的含义funds a re withdrawn from the issuer’s accounts. Cope with 处理，解决fight against 对抗，抵制Concern with 关心，挂念concern for 关心，对……的关心Control over 控制，支配Take to 喜欢take after 与……相像take on 承担take with 将……带上Be capable of 能够Down-trodden 被压迫的Explosive population growth 人口爆炸A torrent of migration 移民潮By the turns of the century 在世纪之交Miracle 奇迹miseries 痛苦，灾难Make life less than complete 使人生不完整因果关系thus表示结果for表示原因Utterly 十分，完全的arrogant 傲慢amusing episode 有趣的插曲drawn 疲惫的whimsical 异想天开，古怪edict 法令，告示Pass around by word of mouth 口头相传Improvise out of ……即兴而发Deduce 推断，演绎Time-honored 历史悠久的An inflated ego 膨胀的自我pant 喘气，气喘吁吁的讲pant toBrim 边缘full to the brim 满满当当sort out 整理For all that 尽管granted that 即使despite the fact that 不管（引导让步状语从句）Conform to 遵照，顺从Proponent 支持者，提倡者predecessor 前辈belittle 贬低Improvisation 即兴创作dogged 顽固的prodigious 惊人的jettison 抛弃Elaborate 精心制作的watershed 分水岭，流域astounding 令人震惊的Raucous 喧闹的Dogmatic explanation 教条的解释indignant denial 愤怒的拒绝Enthusiastic praise 热情的赞扬speculative study 思辨的研究Proposition 命题demographic 人口统计学Dropout 退出groundless 毫无根据，莫须有Spectacularly 壮观的Emit 排放green house gases 温室气体Protest 抗议politicking 政治活动Holistic 整体的Be fascinated with sth. 对……很是着迷In bad shape 一团糟pastime 消遣，娱乐Live off 住在……外，靠……生活A earn B’s living A 争钱养活B，B靠A养活Take in 接受，接待；吸收，理解；包括；轻信；注意到；欺骗On the side 兼职，另外Contend 竞争，主张，声明Bring in 引进，带来，生产Multifarious 五花八门Perception 感知，观念perspective 观点Miscellaneous 杂项miscellaneous domains 多项领域For its own sake 为了其自己的利益pursuit 追求knowledge pursuitOrient 东方的，标定方向，使……成为东方oriented 导向的，定向的Career oriented aspectDestination 目标working skill-oriented destinationPrevailing 盛行的，普遍的prevailing senseCradle 摇篮nurture 培育，滋养be taken as the cradle to nurture dreams Chase up 追求survive in the fierce competition 在激烈的竞争中生存下去broaden eyes 拓宽眼界satisfy the natural curiosity 满足好奇心cultivate a creative mindexplore the answers for the meaning of lifegive rise to lead toprevail over 战胜prevailing 流行prevail取胜，占优势，盛行prevail on/upon 劝说，诱使I’m not a believer in the agreement that ……practical need 实际需要offer satisfied answer to the practical need of each studenta case in point 一个例子let alone 更不用说not to mentionfind themselves in an awkward situation whereinvariably 不变的carry a duel role 扮演双层角色aroused by 激起，引起run into difficult 遇到困难tackle 解决to tackle this problemtake priority over 优先take the upper hand 占上风business prosperity 商业繁荣indispensable 不可或缺的mutual 相互的mutual relationship between A and B take severe measures 采取严厉的措施adept 熟练，内行，老手averse 不喜欢的，厌恶的affectation 假装，做作aptitude 才能，天资denounce 告发，斥责renounce 正式放弃pronounce 宣告，断言apprise 通知，告知appraise 评估，鉴定assent 同意dissent 不同意ascent 上升descent 下降retire 退休retreat 后退，撤退retract 收缩，收回retard 延迟，迟缓refrain 抑制，禁止optimal 最优，最佳oppressed 压迫的take priority over 优先于segregation 种族隔离，分离specification 说明书subscription 捐献，订阅dispense 发放dispose 处理disperse 分散，驱散dispatch 调度，派遣contaminate 污染culminate 达到高潮contract 合同incentive 激励fugitive 逃亡equality 平等equation 方程式equivalent 等价物equity 公平concise 简洁的decisive 决定性的，果断的decline 减少incline 俯身recline 躺下，靠reflect 反应inflect 曲折变化deflect 偏离inflexible 灵活的affluent 富足的fluent 流畅的fluctuate 波动，欺负affirm 坚定不移的肯定或声称assert 不管事实如何，主观自信的宣称或清楚有利的支持allege 无凭无据的情况下宣称断定claim 要求声称，断言，多指根据某种规定提出的要求或主张aggravate 加重（负担，罪行，病情等）reinforce 增援，一般用于军队或警察活动detach 拆开组合的物体，远离，疏远divide 将整体分为若干部分ambiguous 意义含糊，有歧义的指因字词句有歧义而使人感到模糊不清，难以理解和把握obscure 因光线不足而看不清，引申为语法文字记忆因复杂深奥模棱两可而使人难以理解vague 含混不清楚的，因逻辑不清言辞笼统而导致意义不清楚轮廓形状不清楚unclear 句意字迹不清楚blame 责怪，归咎于blame sb for ding sth condemn 谴责，用于正式严肃的场合reproach （书面语）责备，表不满scold 责骂，训斥brittle 易碎的，易损坏的指坚硬的东西fragile 必须小心使用才不会碎的东西，引申为体弱虚弱frail 体弱的虚弱的或东西易碎的invalid 不正确的，无效的boundary 边界，界线多指作为界线的标志物border 较宽的边缘两国分界附近边缘地带frontier 边界，边疆引申为未开发的领域学术前沿verge 道路花坛边缘，某事即将发生之际on the verge of warbrief 简明扼要简短的时间短暂，办事利索，态度明了虽短却不失体面concise 简要精炼保留主要部分curt 三言两语，简短的，草率的succinct 简明的，简洁的，简练的用词简练component 零部件（某事物）组成部分element 元素，组成部分，方面factor 因素，要素ingredient 原料，成分，要素abide by 遵守，同意adhere to 遵守conform to 遵守，符合comply with 遵守，服从（正式）comprise 包含，包括，组成compose 构成be composed of (被动语态) consist 构成consist of 主动语态constitute 构成conserve 保存保藏保护（节约）reserve 保留，储备订座位preserve 保护维持保养continual 连续不断频繁时有发生continuous 连续不断的中间不停顿constant 不断经常始终如一的经常出现incessant 不停的持续不断的令人厌烦的不断出现中间可能有停顿convert 转换，转变（观点）invert 使颠倒反向（位置方向）revert 归还，回复原状transform 改变转变（外观，性质）reproach 责备reprehend 斥责plague 瘟疫灾害折磨avail 有利于，利益avail sb of sth 利用deprive 剥夺indulge 放任，沉溺于at best 最多at length 最后，详细的in bulk 整批，大批get by 过得去，过活get away 逃脱，离开get around 出行get along 和睦相处get through 被理解向…讲清楚strive for 力争ascertain 查明plight 困境plague 瘟疫tentative 暂时的，实验性的soar 飙升mutate 突变plummet 骤跌fluctuate 波动negligent 懈怠的edible 食用的fabulous 难以置信的，惊人的，极好的disproportionate 不成比例的pass up 错过repeal 废止，撤销resent 怨恨clarity 透明的slack 使缓慢shrill 尖锐torrent 连续不断的tensile 拉长的textured 特征显著的wither 枯萎catastrophic 灾难性的by virtue of 由于，凭借for the sake of 为了……利益advent 到来，出现subsidize 资助cast a shadow over 给……罩上阴影soak to the skin 湿透chat away 闲谈in no mood 没心情in the course of 在……的过程中in line with 与……一致be a match for 配得上，可匹敌的agree by 受到认同resonate with 得到回应none the better for it 不会因为……变得更好，依然如故to the core 彻底的，完全的to the end 到底in custody (法庭审判前)被拘留监禁in jeopardy 处于危险中in suspicion 被怀疑in probation 被缓刑amount to 相当于contribute to 促使……发生dedicate to 将（时间精力）奉献给（工作事业）add to 增添recite prayers 诵经jointly-acquired property 共同获得的财产by account 相反的insidious 潜伏的，阴险的thrive 兴盛，茁壮成长humiliation 羞辱subtle 微妙的dozing off 打瞌睡self-reliant 独立的self-sufficiency 自给自足bleak 昏暗的，凄凉的depict 描绘trail 拖沓而行，跟在……后面flinch back 退缩desolate 荒凉的bustling 繁忙的thriving 兴旺的fraudulent happiness 虚假的幸福fraudulent 欺骗的deluding 欺骗euphoric 欣快的繁荣昌盛prosperity崎岖不平rough惊天动地earth-shaking典雅大方elegant and graceful轻柔松软soft and light立场坚定firm in stand(将四字词组译为介词/副词/不定式短语) 目光远大broad in vision 头脑敏捷swift in wit 业务熟练qualified in profession 才华出众outstanding in talent 风格高尚noble in character思想正确、办事公道correct in their thinking and fair挑拨离间foment dissension foment 煽动dissension纠纷兴风作浪stir up disorder纵目眺望as far as sight could reach农民工migrant workers guest workers奢侈无度extravagant 挥金如土spend money like water老黄牛hard-working men水深火热in deep water风驰电掣as quick as lighting捕风捉影to run after shadows人山人海a sea of people摇唇鼓舌to set tongues wagging敲门砖an open sesameHorizon 视野，眼界Publicize 宣传丰富知识、开阔视野enrich one’s knowledge, broaden one’s horizon留学生overseas students人才流失brain drain汉语热Chinese language craze据统计according to statistics高等学校institution of higher education开设汉语课程offer courses of Chinese language主要目的是for the main purpose of从事贸易活动engage in trade activities传达……信息convey a message that低碳生活low carbon life减少二氧化碳排放reduce the emission of carbon dioxideExpenditure 花费，开销Conduct 行为，举止；实施be conducted in …manner如今，这股风潮逐渐在中国一些大城市兴起，不知不觉中改变了人们的生活方式Nowadays, this fashion prevails in some big cities of China, altering people’s life before they realize it.Practice 实行节约用电save electricity 塑料袋plastic bags 一次性产品disposable products Disposable 一次性的，用后即弃的乘坐公共交通工具take public transport节能环保energy-efficient and environmental-friendly大大有利于contribute tremendously to …全球气候变换及环境恶化global warming and environment deterioration Inevitably 不可避免的Stick to traditional principles and beliefsTurn blind eye to keep pace withBe labeled as 被贴上……的标签mutual communication 互相沟通Narrow the generation gapPessimist 悲观者optimist 乐观者gloomy 阴郁的distressing 惨的，令人痛心的Pessimistic 悲观的optimistic 乐观的Judge the situation from opposite perspective 角度Bring into public view 引入公众视野Engage in employment 从事就业Misconception 误解hold the misconceptionSpoil their childrenEnrollment 注册，报名the expansion of university enrollment 大学扩招Flood into job-hunting marketTake measures to 采取措施Cultivate their children independenceTestify 证明Shoulder their obligation 承担他们的义务Real-estate 房地产Reconciled 调和，妥协consolidate 综合deteriorate 恶化Reconcile to 顺从于be reconciled with sb 于某人和解reconcile sth with sth Interrupt 打断某项正在进行的动作bother 打扰（语气较轻）interfere 未经允许/无权而妨碍，阻挠，干涉他人之事（语气较轻）intervene 介入，调停（语气重）Invocation 祈祷，符咒obsession 痴迷，困扰obsession withVulnerable 易患病的allergic 过敏的Obsolete 过时的obscene 猥亵oblique 斜的Provision 供应provisional 临时的sensational 轰动的sentimental 感情的，多愁善感的Integral 完整的instinctive 直觉的intangible 难以理解的触摸不到的无形的ingenious 巧妙地有独创性的Inside and out 彻底的Practitioner 从业者forerunner 先行者，先驱Come to light 曝光，泄露Turn in 缩小turn over 反过来turn up 找到，出现turn out 结果是Inertness 惰性光盘行动“Clear Your Plate” CampaignPropose 建议diner 用餐者食客leftover 残余的，剩菜take leftover home 将剩菜打包回家全国粮食总产量the national total grain output人为灾害man-made disasterRestraint 限制without restraint 无限制，大肆饥饿至死die of starvation资源短缺shortage of resourcesConfronted with 面对Implement 实施implement politics ofMeans doing sthRequire sb to do sth随着人们的生活水平和消费水平日益提高with the increasing development of people’ living standard and consumption levelTrash cans 垃圾桶处理成本disposing costEntertain 热情招待款待娱乐entertain friends at home去临近的景点游览take a trip to nearby tourist attractions家庭预算紧张tight family budget出游成本不断攀升rising travel cost节假日期间景区人山人海，高速公路（expressway）、城市道路拥堵（congestion），是促使他们家中度假的两大原因overcrowded tourist sites, congestion of expressways and city roads are the two major factors contributing to their staycation. Conspicuous 明显的，突出的Bottom line 底线reduce their bottom lineRob a child of his/her childhood 掠夺From my own perspective for my partCeremoniously 隆重地gather ceremoniously 隆重集会Obligations 义务，债务（可数名词）履行权利与义务perform the responsibilities and obligations建立社会主义制度establish a socialist systemCorruption 腐败，贪污root out a corruption 根除腐败root out 根除，肃清Vigor 生机vitality 活力展现生机与活力display vigor and vitality Comprehensive 综合的，广泛的，有理解力的comprehensive national strength 增强综合国力competitiveness 竞争力增强综合国力和国际竞争力enhance comprehensive national strength and international competitivenessEdge into 慢慢挤进，慢慢取得rank 等级，行列进入国际先进行列edge into advanced ranks in the world解决温饱问题solve the problem of food and clothing与日俱增increase every day实现夙愿fulfill the long-cherished wishes fulfill 履行（诺言），达到（目的）Forge 锻造，捏造forge a people’s army 锻造一支人民军队国防national defense build a strong national defense 建立巩固的国防进行和谈hold peace talks修改法律amend the laws遵循规则follow the principles principle 原则，准则把理论与实际结合起来integrate theory with practiceRally 召集，集合增强凝聚力enhance the rally powerResume 继续，重新开始，摘要，概略，建立结束暴力，开始和平谈判end the violence and resume peace talksStrategic 战略性的readjustment 调整进行战略性调整make strategic readjustmentBackwardness 落后摆脱贫穷与落后get rid of poverty and backwardnessBring about 实现实现发展繁荣bring about development and prosperity Infringement 侵犯，违反，违背保护妇女的权利不受侵犯guarantee women’s right against infringement把……看作社会公敌look upon…as a threat to society恐怖主义terrorismTap 开发，汲取，割，轻声走，阀门，塞子Favor 欢心，支持，照顾，促成开发/青睐中国市场tap/ favor the Chinese market有巨大潜力have huge potential for…阻碍handicap / hamperInvest 投资，调查，授予有望达到be expected to reach造成很大压力pose a big pressure onAccount for 说明原因，导致，引起（在数量/比例上）占，对……负责Occupy 占领，使用，从事占市场的10% occupy /take /account for 10 percent of the market加快经济发展和结构调整speed up economic development and restructuringAnti-monopoly 反垄断采取反垄断措施take anti-monopoly measures to加速努力speed up efforts to建立分公司set up branches inPolicy 政策，策略把……列为基本国策list……as fundamental national policies 发挥自身优势give full play to one’s advanta ges开拓市场exploit market扩大消费市场expand consumption market扩大/缩小贫富差距expand /narrow the gap between the rich and the poor提供巨大商机present huge business opportunities赶超先进surpass the advanced遵循市场经济的规律follow the law of market economyOrientation 方向，定位，方针，任职培训gear 接上，调和，使适应根据市场做出调整gear oneself to the market orientation牟取暴利seek excessive profits excessive 过分的，极度的提高公务员工资raise the salaries of civil servants计算出准确的工资水平figure out an exact salary level从国外引进先进技术和管理经验introduce from abroad the advanced technology and management expertise优胜劣汰select the superior and eliminate the inferior下岗职工laid-off workers通货膨胀inflation损失惨重suffer great losses制造假象create smoke screens to do陷入困境land oneself in deep trouble被指控接受贿赂be accused of accepting bribesDisclose 公开，揭露举报非法行为disclose illegal activities活跃市场enliven the market十分重视attach importance to大力发展strive to developDomestic 国内的刺激国内需求stimulate domestic demand打破垄断break the monopoly调整产业结构adjust industrial structure开展对外文化交流conduct culture exchange with other countriesStrong point 长处，特长draw on 利用，借鉴博采各国文化之长draw on strong point of cultures of other countriesMass 大量的，集中的，群众的mass media 大众传媒mass production 大规模生产mass organization 社团开展群众性文化活动carry out mass activities on culture继承carry onCompetent 有能力的，能干的，称职的，胜任的，适合的competent people 人才Achievement of culture advancement 文化建设的成就加强文化基础设施建设build more culture establishment提倡文明的生活方式advocate civilized lifestyle推动人类文明进步push forward human civilization改进教学improve teaching and learning文化遗产culture heritage /relicsBrand-new 全新的，崭新的以全新的面貌进入新世纪enter the new century with a brand-new colorful look通过资格考试pass qualification examinationsCompulsory 义务的，必须做的普及九年义务教育make nine-year compulsory education universalPopularized 普及，使流行make…universalCompile 编制，编辑，收集编写教材compile the textbooks承担应有的义务undertake the due obligations促进相互了解promote mutual understanding相互促进help each other forward互派访问学者exchange visiting scholarsAccommodate 容纳，适应，提供住处，帮忙发挥聪明才智develop one’s o wn talent and wisdomIntellectuals 知识分子initiative 主动性n. 自发的，初步的adj.充分发挥知识分子的积极性与创造性give full play to the initiative and creativity of intellectuals开设课程offer courses重视实用性place stress on practicalityPirate 海盗船，盗版者，强盗n. 抢劫，剽窃，盗用v.pirated software 盗版软件有力地推动教育发展give a big push to the development of education承前启后，继往开来build on the past and prepare for the future / inherit the past and user in the future物质文明，精神文明一起抓pay equal attention on material progress and mental progress形成文明/健康/崇尚科学的社会风尚form civilized, healthy and science-upholding social practiceEcological environment 生态环境eco-environmentEco-construction 生态建设防治污染prevent and control pollution加强水土保持reinforce the conservation of water and soil加强城市绿化strengthen the greening of the city保护森林conservation of forest帮助减缓全球变暖的速度help slow down the pace of global warming Infrastructure 基础设施完善城市基础设施建设perfect the construction of urban infrastructure Sustainable 可持续的，可忍受的促进可持续性发展promote sustainable developmentSolar 太阳的，日光的，利用太阳能的solar energy 太阳能清洁能源clean energy resourcesFuel 燃料，食物，加油，激起使用清洁能源burn clean fuelImplement 实施，执行v. 工具器械，手段实行严格的排放标准implement strict vehicle emission standardsTackle 用具，装备，阻挡n. 着手处理，解决，应付v.治理沙地和水土流失问题tackle the problem of sand and soil erosion注重节约资源attach importance of saving resourcesExploitation 开发，剥削，利用，广告推销采用新的开采方法apply new exploitation methods削减污染物排放decrease the disposal of pollutionsCensus 人口普查，统计进行全国人口普查carry out national population census总人口为have a population ofPrivate life 私生活Transition 过渡，转变，变迁Bring about 实现，造成，引起，使船掉头实现向低出生，低死亡，低自然增长的现代人口再生产类型的转变bring about the transition of modern population reproduction pattern characterized by a low birth rate, low death rate and low natural growing rate过孤独的生活lead an isolated lifeUrban residents 城市居民Ideology 意识形态，思想思想和观念ideology and concepts对子女寄予厚望pin great hopes on their childrenUndermine 逐渐削弱，从根基处破坏，挖墙脚逐渐削减长辈的权威undermine the authority of the older generation倡导人力资源管理advocate the management of human resourcesMorality 道德，道德观，品德高尚的行为损害人类社会的道德观damage the morality of human society提高人口素质improve the population quality优化人口结构optimize the population structure优生优育bear and rear better children rear 养育尊重和保障人权respect and guarantee human rightsSubsistence 存活，生计Safeguard 维护，防护措施维护和促进人民的生存权和发展权safeguard and promote people’s rights to subsistence and development坚持计划生育的基本国策stick to the basic state policy for family planning取得世界杯决赛的资格qualify for the World Cup finals qualify for 有资格，晋级展现技能demonstrate their skillsTeam title 团体冠军win the team title急于获胜gain an eagerness to winRecognition 认可Wretched 恶劣的，不幸的，悲惨的打破恶性循环break the wretched cycleEngender 产生，造成，引起Spur 刺激，加速促使spur us on to doLay a solid foundation on 打下基础Make a first draft of 打草稿Bring our talent into full playGive full play to 充分发挥Conscientious 认真负责的，本着良心的，谨慎的be conscientious for Publicize 宣传Attach great importance to /take the matter seriously 重视Numerous 无数的，数不清的Indispensable 不可或缺的Migrant workers 农民工Urbanization 城市化Irreversible process 不可逆过程Unprecedented 前所未有的，史无前例的Insightful 富有洞察力的，有深刻见解的insightful perspective Conspicuously 显著的，明显的Dweller 居民city dwellersIn all walks of life 在各行各业Industriously 努力的，辛勤的labor industriously 辛勤劳动Despise 鄙视，看不起Once in a while 时不时，偶尔Deferring 推迟，拖延Penalty 处罚financial penalty 罚款Moral denouncement 道德谴责Incur 招致，引起be incurred toOffenders 犯罪者，犯规者，妨碍的人Painstaking 不辞辛劳地painstaking effortsRepression 压迫recession 萧条Have access to （抽象的）进入Have enough scope for 有足够的余地/机会Snatch 抽空做，抓紧机会做scratch 擦，刮scrap 扔弃，摔毁seize 抓住Exhaustible 用的尽的exhaustive 无遗漏的Plaudit 拍手喝彩称赞plenary 十足的完全的platitude 陈词滥调平凡Erosion 侵害侵蚀depletion 损耗violation 违背delusion 错觉Eclectic 折中的Sensation 感觉知觉激动轰动exaggeration 夸大Excessive 过多的exclusive 专有的独占的除外的distract from 分散注意力discern 辨别分清dissuade sb. From doing 劝阻facet 方面小平面format 构成设计formula 方案规则prevail 流行盛行获胜preside 主持perish 毁灭使麻木死persecute 迫害counterfeit 伪造假冒discourteous 失礼的无礼貌的prudent 节俭的谨慎的benevolent 善意的慈善的obstinate 倔强的顽固的be reconciled to sth. 甘于consolidate 巩固sanction 同意许可warrant 证明保护malignance 恶意有害shroud 覆盖遮蔽unveil 显露除去面纱decay 腐烂deprive 剥夺notorious 声名狼藉的superfluous 过剩的countenance 面容脸色concession 让步curse 诅咒echo 随声附和hail 欢呼欢迎sophisticated 尖端的复杂的先进的老练的scrupulous 小心谨慎的细心的clamorous 吵闹的大喊大叫的camouflaged 掩饰的伪装的edible 可食用的fabulous 传说的神话的disproportionate 不均衡的不相称的extravagance 奢侈铺张opulence 富裕asceticism 禁欲主义苦行by and large 一般来说大体上call on 看望拜访召唤break out 爆发突然发生break in 插嘴闯入训练break through 突破克服挣脱而出break off 突然停止中断脱落暂停for all 尽管虽然come to 苏醒达到总数为继承停止come around 再现恢复知觉回来改变看法come through 经历获得成功脱险传出捐助come into 进入继承…起来加入come across 来到偶遇come round 来过访绕道而来苏醒转变改主意笼络come by 从旁边过得到取得经过come about 发生产生转变方向come out in 以…方式出来live up to 不辜负make a fuse of 小题大做大惊小怪fall back to 求助于转而依靠at its core 从根本上be entitled to 授权给……权力给……定名be assigned to 指派go back on 违背诺言go in for 从事爱好参加考试go through with 经历仔细检查用完参加履行搜查go along with 支持赞同随行hand in 交上递交hand out 分发散发hand down 传递下去hand over 交出移交in honor of 为纪念……庆祝in accordance with 与…一致按照根据lay out 设计安排展示lay off 解雇休息lay down 放下拟定规定lay aside 放一旁收起积累make for 快速走向向前进促进make out 理解辨认出书写填写说明设法应付make up to 巴结讨好make up for 补偿in the light of 鉴于由于按照根据by virtue of 由于因为run over 匆匆看一眼浏览碾过run into 偶然碰到与相撞run through 浏览匆匆读完run down 耗尽撞到衰退减少说坏话贬低run across 撞见碰见run out 用完耗尽set out 动身出发开始陈述测定宣布移植set about 开始散步攻击着手set forth 阐明宣布提出陈列出发set aside 留出不顾取消驳回put out 熄灭关灯生产出出版precaution 预防警惕concession 让步transaction 办理处理学报交易事务处理事物give away 送掉分发放弃泄露出卖让步pass away 去世while away 消磨fade away 逐渐凋谢慢慢减弱induce 劝诱促使导致deduce 推论演绎出seduce 诱使Heartiness 诚实热心harshness 粗糙的事物严肃刺耳uprightness 正直的Be absorbed in 全神贯注于专心于Detach 分开分离分遣Conform to 符合遵照answer to 适应符合attribute to 归因于Collide with 冲突comply with 照做coincide with 符合cope with 竞争应付Perpetual 永久的pathetic 可怜的悲惨的Resolutely 毅然坚决的indecisively 优柔寡断的prematurely 过早的早熟地Fall out 争吵发生fall behind 落后fall in 排队到期fall through 未能实现Get off 下来出发被容忍逃脱惩罚get in 进入收回get on 骑上进展get on one’s nerves 令人不安get through 完成度过get across 越过通过被理解get over 克服爬过熬过恢复原谅get along 生活相处融洽进展有起色Go for 选择袭击适用于go by 从旁边走过依照顺便走访go up 上升增长go off 离开去世消失睡去爆炸发射进行变质Add up to 合计达stand up to 勇敢地抵抗Conclude 结束终止决定seclude 隔离exclude 排除include 包括Wear off 逐渐减少wear out 穿破磨损疲乏耗尽wipe out 消灭垮台Proficiency 熟练精通Bring out 使显示出版生产bring to 使恢复知觉bring into force 使生效实施bring in 生产挣得介绍引进V oid 空的无人的无效的无用地没有的void of 缺乏void of interestedOn the fly 在飞行中不工作闲混in the issue 结果on the sly 秘密地偷偷地Infect 感染传染inflict 造成afflict 使痛苦折磨Substitution 代替Respecting 关系到说到with respect to 关于至于as regards 关于至于Play around 玩耍come around 恢复知觉回来talk sb. around 说服Precede 领先于在…之前proceed 进行继续下去accede 同意继任recede 后退Aversion 厌恶adherence 忠诚坚持黏着incentive 刺激鼓励动机Fancy 想象设想认为爱好自负At a disadvantage 处于不利地位Leave over 留下leave out 省去遗漏不考虑leave behind 留下遗留超过leave off 停止不再穿Let go 放开释放发射let loose 释放放出放任let off 放出饶恕准许暂停工作let out 放掉泄露放大出租解雇释放let down 失望let alone 不打扰更别提let on 泄露假装See off 送行see to 负责注意Obedient 服从的孝顺的obstinate 顽固的倔强的elaborate 精心制作的详细阐述的精细Outlook 展望outbreak 战争爆发疾病发作outcome 结果output 出产Look up 向上看尊敬仰视查询拜访好转look up to 尊敬仰望look on 观看面向旁观看待look through 看穿审核浏览温习从中显露look into 调查观察Fragrance 芬芳香气flavor 风情风味香料sour 酸的In amount to 总计Aptitude 才能天资恰当智能altitude 高度高等attitude 姿势态度看法Substitute 替代substitute A for B 用A替代BTackle 固定应付处理解决抓住tickle 胳肢逗笑使高兴使发痒Exquisite 精致的extravagant 奢侈的exotic 异国情调的eccentric 古怪的Repel 拒绝抵制排斥逐退Curb 控制约束put /place a curb onParadox 矛盾paradise 天堂Impart 传授告知portray 描写Divert 转移转向Alert sb. to the fact that 提醒某人注意…的事实Manifest 明显的显然的体现显现Articulate 清楚地说（发音清楚的）明确地说anticipate 预期期望Alternate 轮流交换Conceive 设想以为怀有构思conceive ofEndeavour 努力endeavour to doSustainable 可持续的feasible 可行的eligible 合格的Subsidiary 附属的次要的Revenge 报仇revenge oneself on sb. 向某人报仇remedy 药补救治疗beyond remedy 不可救药reproach 责备revive 苏醒复活复兴Explicit 清晰的明确的obscure 模糊的baffle 难住使挫折阻碍mingle 混合mingle with /in provoke 煽动激怒驱使divert 转向改道eject 喷出射出incidence 发病率emergence 紧急情况rupture 破裂绝交impetus 推动力in search of 寻找in pursuit of 追求in view of 鉴于由于in light of 根据credit 信赖assure 确保certify 确认impose 征收强加impose taxes 收税twinkle/ glitter 因高兴而发光sparkle with tears 闪烁着泪光overtake 追上surpass 胜过nourish 滋养。

考博辅导：考博英语语法重点总结（3）过去分词与形容词的语义差：1.Destructive:causing damage to people or thingsthe destructive power of modern weaponsDamaged: being in a bad stateemotionally damaged children2.Respected:admired by many because of achievementsHe’s one of the most respected managers in the game.Respectful: feeling or showing respectThey listened in respectful silence.3. Preferred : Her own preferred methods of exercise are hiking and long cycle rides.Preferable: A big earthquake a long way off is preferable to a smaller one nearby.Preferential: Bank officials denied giving the senator any preferential treatment.4. Unimagined:Others see a new golden age of business and technology that will lift the market to unimagined heights.Unimaginative:That means the traditional office layout of lined-up cubicles and work stations is seen as rigid and unimaginative.5.Loving: She was a devoted wife and a very loving mother.Lovable: a sweet lovable childLovely: We had a lovely holiday.6. Tolerated: While Patches are generally well tolerated they are not always suitable for everyone.Tolerant: trees that are tolerant of salt sea windsTolerable: All in all, it was better to have a tolerable tenement than the ideal which no one could afford.虚拟语气非谓语动词主要包括不定式、动名词和现在分词。

北京考博英语辅导班讲义(;不断增加中)英语翻译与写作常用动宾词组一、政治类：把…捐给慈善机构 donate …to charities把…看成社会公敌 look upon … as a threat to society把…列为基本国策 list…..as fundamental national policies把…作为指导 take… as the guide把理论和实际结合起来 integrate theory with practice …把握大局 grasp the overall situation摆脱贫穷落后 get rid of poverty and backwardness保护妇女权利不受侵犯 guarantee (protect) women’s rights against infringement 采取各种措施 adopt various measures参政、议政 participate in the management of State affairs充满信心和力量 be filled with confidence and strength打破僵局 break the deadlock打破禁区 break off a forbidden zone得出结论 draw ( arrive at, come to reach ) a conclusion锻造一支人民军队 forge a people’s army对…具有深远的影响 have a far-reaching impact on对…做出重要(巨大)贡献 make important (great, major )contributions to反对各种形式的恐怖主义 be opposed to all forms of terrorism反腐倡廉 combat corruption and build a clean government高举伟大旗帜 hold high the great banner给…带来机遇和挑战 present (bring) both opportunities and challenges to根除 (防止,消除)*** root out (prevent, eliminate) corruption观察当今世界 observe the present-day world缓和紧张状况 ease the tension回顾奋斗历程 review the course of struggle加快改革步伐 accelerate the speed of reform加强舆论监督 ensure that the correct orientation is maintained in public opinion坚持改革开放政策 adhere to the reform and open policy坚持统一，反对分裂，增加 persist in reunification, oppose separation, increase 了解，化解歧见 understanding and iron out differences减轻农民负担 alleviate farmer’s burden解放思想 emancipate our minds解决温饱问题 solve the problem of food and clothing解决新问题 resolve new problems进入世界先进行列 edge into the advanced ranks in the world进入新时期 enter a new period进行和谈 hold peace talks进行战略性调整 make strategic readjustment就…接受妥协 accept a compromise on开发西部 remake the west开始生效 go into effect (enter into force)开拓前进 open up new ways forward科教兴国 rejuvenate our country through science and education理顺关系 rationalize the relationship履行权利和义务 perform the responsibilities and obligations迈出重要的一步 make an important step热爱和平 love peace深化改革 deepen the reform审时度势 size up the situation实现发展繁荣 bring about development and prosperity实现民族独立 realize national independence实现夙愿 fulfill the long-cherished wishes实现小康目标 achieve the goal of ensuring our people a relative comfortable life 实现中华民族伟大复兴 bring about a great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation实行新政策 practice new policies受到全世界广泛关注 attract extensive attention worldwide缩小差别 bridge (narrow) the gap完成中华民族的振兴大业 implement the revitalization of our nation维护世界和平 maintain world peace吸收各国文明的先进成果 absorb what is advanced in other civilizations下放权力给 delegate the management of ... (to ...)响应号召 respond to the call修改法律 amend the laws宣布…召开 announce the opening of徇私枉法 bend the law for the benefit of relatives or friends依法治国 govern the country according to law引起全国的关注 arouse the concern of the whole nation引起全世界广泛关注 attract extensive attention worldwide赢得一个又一个胜利 win one victory after another在…中起(至关)重要作用 play a major (crucial, an important ) role in增强凝聚力 enhance the rally power增强综合国力和国际竞争 enhance comprehensive (overall) national strength and international competitiveness展望伟大征程 look into the great journey展现生机和活力 display one’s vigor and vitality战胜无数的困难 overcome numerous difficulties振兴西部 revive the west振兴中华民族 rejuvenate (revitalize) our nation政企不分 mix up the functions of the government and enterprises政企分开 separate government functions from enterprise management政务公开 make government affairs public主张各国政府采取行动 urge governments of all countries to take action抓住机遇 seize the opportunity转变政府职能 transform (shift) the government functions追求进步 pursue progress追求真理 seek the truth走进新时代 march (stride) into the new era.遵纪守法、廉洁奉公 observe the relevant code of conduct and the law and honestly perform one's official duties遵循规则 follow the principles二、经济类爱岗敬业 cherish posts and devote wholeheartedly to work保持国民经济发展的良好势头 maintain a good momentum of growth in the national economy 保持国有股 keep the State-held shares保证下岗职工的基本生活 guarantee the basic needs of laid-off workers被指控接受贿赂 be accused of accepting bribes采取不同的办法 adopt various methods采取反垄断措施 take anti-monopoly measures承担风险 bear (take) risk筹集足够的资金 raise enough funds (capital, proceeds)创收外汇 earn foreign exchange (currency)刺激国内经济需求 spur domestic demand刺激国内需求 stimulate domestic demand从粗放经济转变为集约经济 shift from extensive economy to intensive economy从国外引进先进技术和管理 introduce from abroad the advanced technology and经验 management expertise促进地区间的合作 promote regional cooperation促进改革 promote reform促进全球经济一体化 foster integration with the global economy打黑 crack down on speculation and profiteering打假 take strong measures against fake and shoddy products (crack down on counterfeit goods)打破垄断 break the monopoly对…提出控告(投诉) lodge complaints against…对…造成(构成)威胁 form (pose) a threat to…夺回失去的市场 take back lost market发挥自身优势 give full play to one’s advantages防范和化解金融风险 take precautions against and reduce financial risks改善投资环境 improve the environment for investment赶超先进 surpass the advanced给…带来积极影响 bring a more positive impact on…根据市场作出调整 gear ourselves to the market orientation公证财产 notarize the properties和…达成(签订)协议 reach (sign) an agreement with和…进一步合作 further cooperation with和…有合作关系 have cooperative ties with活跃市场 enliven the market集中精力把经济建设搞上去 go all out for economic development计算出准确的工资水平 figure out an exact salary level加快经济发展和结构调整 speed up economic development and restructuring加快竞争步伐 accelerate the competition加快努力 speed up efforts加强风险防范 prepare oneself against possible risks加强管理 reinforce the management减缓通货紧缩的压力 ease the seriousness of deflation减轻…的负担 reduce (lighten) the burden of (on)减员增效 downsize for efficiency; cut payroll to improve efficiency剪彩 cut the ribbon解除劳动关系 sever labor relation解放生产力 emancipate the productive forces (free the productivity)精简机构 streamline government organs竟争上岗 compete for the post举报非法行为 disclose any illegal activities开辟更多渠道 open more channels开发(青睐)中国市场 tap (favor) the Chinese market开拓市场 exploit markets控制通货膨胀 control inflation (keep inflation under control)扩大贫富差距 widen the gap between the rich and the poor扩大消费市场 expand consumption market留职停薪 retain the job but suspend the salary面对可能的压力和竞争 face possible pressure and competition牟取暴利 seek excessive profits平衡经济(的发展) balance economy取缔非法收入 ban unlawful incomes (illegal earnings)让…处于同一起跑线 put… on the same platform and at the same starting point 让位于竞争需要 give way to the need for competition申请专利 apply for a patent实现目标 realize the goal适应…的发展 adapt oneself to the development of损失惨重 suffer great losses缩小不平衡状态 decrease the imbalance缩小…间的距离 narrow the gap between提高公务员工资 raise the salaries of civil servants提高管理水平 raise the management level提高居民生活 improve residents’ standard of living调整产业结构 adjust the industrial structure推广科研成果 turn laboratory achievements into commercial (mass) production (commercialize laboratory achievements)退还大量钱款 give back an amount of money脱贫致富 cast (shake, throw) off poverty and set out on a road to prosperity完善服务 perfect services为…带来多种经济和社会效益bring multiple economic and social benefits to…为…提供巨大商机 present huge business opportunities吸收游资 absorb idle fund吸引外商投资 attract foreign investment下海 plunge into the commercial sea陷入困境 land oneself in deep trouble向…投资巨额资金 invest huge amounts of money into消灭假冒伪劣产品 wipe out fake products以经济建设为中心 focus on the central task of economic construction以质量求生存、求发展、求效益 strive for survival, development and efficiency on the basis of quality优胜劣汰 select the superior and eliminate the inferior优先发展公共运输 give priority to the development of public transportation有巨大潜力 have huge potential for与国际市场接轨 integrate with the world market; become integrated into the global market 在…建立分公司 set up branches in造成很大压力 pose a big pressure on造成损失 cause a loss to增加农业投入 invest more in agriculture占领市场10% occupy (take, account for ) 10 percent of the market招商引资 attract (bid for, invite) investments (from overseas)制订…法律 make a law of制定优惠政策 work out favorable policy制造假象 create smoke screens to do阻碍…的经济发展 handicap (hamper) the economic development阻止人才流失 stop the talent flight (brain drain)遵循市场经济的规律 follow the law of market economy三、文化生活类把…列为世界自然文化遗产 list …as a world natural heritage site摆架子(摆谱儿) put on airs (show off, keep up appearances)保护文化遗产 protect cultural heritage (relics)博采各国文化之长 draw on strong point of the cultures of other countries不注重历史 neglect history采取保护态度 take protective attitude承担应有的义务 undertake the due obligations承前启后，继往开来 build on the past and prepare for the future, inherit the past and usher in the future充分发挥知识分子的积极性give full play to the initiative and creativity of intellectuals和创造性触击现行法律的盲区 touch a blank area of the existing law创建卫生城市 build a nationally advanced clean city辞旧迎新 bid farewell to the old and usher in the new (ring out the oldyear and ring in the new)从事电子商务工作 conduct e-commerce促进儿童身心健康发展 promote the healthy development of children both physically and mentally促进交流 promote the communication促进文化市场健康发展 facilitate the sound development of the markets for cultural products促进相互了解 enhance (further) mutual understanding得到群众的广泛支持 enjoy grass-root support抵住…的诱惑 resist the temptation of对…持欢迎态度 take a welcoming attitude to对…情有独钟 show special preference (favor) to发挥…的聪明才智 develop one’s own talents and wisdom发挥潜力 tap one’s potential繁荣文学艺术 enable literature and art to flourish promote flourishing literature and art反映中国的灿烂文化 reflect the rich culture of China放下架子 relinquish haughty airs (get off one’s high horse, throw off one’s airs) 腐蚀人的灵魂 poison one’s mind改进教学 improve teaching and learning给学生减负 alleviate the burden on students和…持相同观点 share views similar to互派访问学者 exchange visiting scholars激发旅游热情 stimulate enthusiasm for traveling继承历史文化优秀传统 carry on the fine cultural traditions handed from history carry on the fine historical and cultural traditions加强文化基础设施建设 build more cultural establishments讲诚信，反欺诈 honor credibility and oppose cheating交换意见 exchange views (ideas, opinions)教书育人 impart knowledge and educate people经受住暴风雨的考验 weather the storm精心编写教材 compile the textbooks with great care净化因特网 purify the Net举办文化节(展览会) hold (conduct, give) cultural festivals (an exhibition)举行学术会议 hold an academic meeting开创假日经济 initiate Holiday Economy开发潜力 exploit one’s potential开阔视野 widen one’s vision (horizon)开设课程 offer courses开展对外文化交流 conduct cultural exchange with other countries开展群众性文化活动 carry out mass activities on culture攀登事业的高峰 climb one’s career ladder评估学业成绩 evaluate academic scores (achievements)破除迷信 eradicate superstition普及九年制义务教育 make nine-year compulsory education universal普及科普知识，传播科学 popularize scientific and technological knowledge, spread思想，倡导科学精神 scientific thought and advocate the scientific spirit启发学生 enlighten the students容纳三千名旅客 accommodate 3000 passengers扫除文盲 eliminate (wipe out) illiteracy上网 get on (have access to, be wired to) Internet实施以德育为核心、以创新 carry on the quality education centering on moral education 精神和实践能力为重点的 and emphasizing creativity and practice素质教育使英语达到更高水平 push one’s English to a higher level受到…的关注 receive attention from疏导游客 divert tourists疏通关系 lubricate relationships树立企业良好形象 foster a good and healthy company image刷卡, 划卡 punch the card; stamp the card陶冶情操 cultivate one’s taste (temperament)提倡文明的生活方式 advocate civilized lifestyle (way of life)提高公务员的综合素质 improve the overall quality of civil servants提高全民反毒品的意识 raise the consciousness of the entire people vs. drugs提高知名度 raise one’s prestige提供受教育机会 offer a chance of education通过资格考试 pass qualification examinations透过现象看本质 see through the appearance to perceive the essence推动人类文明进步 push forward human civilization挖墙脚 undermine the foundation of sth. (cut the ground from under sb’s feet)物质文明,精神文明一起抓 pay equal attention to (place equal emphasis on) the material progress and cultural (ethical) progress相互促进 help each other forward向世界展示中国文化建设 introduce China’s achievements of cultural advancement to 的成就 the world向学生传授知识 impart knowledge to students消除误解 clear up misunderstanding消除愚昧 eliminate ignorance形成文明、健康、崇尚科学 form civilized, healthy and science-upholding social practice 的社会风尚以全新的面貌进入新世纪 enter the new century with a brand-new colorful look因材施教 teach students according to their aptitude引起激烈争论 spark a hot debate营造良好的文化环境 create a healthy cultural environment影响身心健康 affect physical and psychological health有力地推动教育的发展 give a big push to the development of education与各国人民交往 communicate with people of all countries增强自我保护意识 strengthen one’s awareness of protecting one’s right找工作 hunt for a job值得重视(关注) deserve one’s attention制止盗版软件 control the pirated software重视(优先考虑)教育发展 give priority to the development of education重视实用性 place stress on practicality尊重知识，尊重人才 respect knowledge and respect competent people四、科技环保类帮助减缓全球变暖速度 help slow down the pace of global warming保持生态平衡 keep ecological balance保持水土 preserve soil and water保护和改善生活和生态环境 protect and improve the living environment and the保护珍稀野生动植物 protect rare wild animals and plants保留为自然耕地 reserve as natural farmland采用环保技术 adopt environmental protection technique采用新的开采方法 apply new exploitation methods参加城市重建 participate in the reconstruction of the city参加环保运动 take part in environmental protection activities产生巨大的水文效应 produce great hydrological effects崇尚绿色生活方式 pursue a “green” life创造良好的生态环境 create a pleasant ecological environment促进城市可持续发展 promote the sustainable development of the city发展太阳能 develop solar energy防治污染 prevent and control pollution非常注重保护森林 pay great attention to the conservation of forest改善生态环境 improve the eco-environment (ecological environment)关闭化工厂 close chemical plants加大污染治理力度 strengthen pollution control加强城市绿化 strengthen the greening of the city加强环境保护 strengthen environmental protection加强生态建设 improve the eco-construction加强水土保持 reinforce the conservation of water and soil坚持门前三包制度 adhere to “the three responsibilities in the gate area”减少机动车辆 reduce the number of vehicles减少浪费 reduce waste揭开人类生命的奥秘 decode the secret of human life进一步加快环保规划 further speed up environmental protection plans禁止露天焚烧 prohibit burning out in the open开展保护野生动物宣传教育 advocate to educate the public the protection of wild animals 开展绿色活动 advocate green activities扩建管道网络 expand the pipe network普及环保知识 popularize environmental protection knowledge窃取密码 snatch password窃取知识产权 lift intellectual property实行严格的机动车排放标准 implement strict vehicle emission standards使电脑死机 crash computers使用再生纸 use recycle paper探索…的奥秘 probe the mysteries of淘汰或改造燃煤锅炉 eliminate or convert coal-burning boilers提高环境管理水平 raise the environmental management level提高居民的环保和生态意识 improve residents’ environmental and ecological awareness 提高清洁能源的比重 increase the supply of clean energy resources投放电脑病毒 unleash viruses完善城市基础设施建设 perfect the construction of urban infrastructure为大量野生动植物提供栖息地 provide habitats for a huge number of wild animals and plants 为人类提供水和食物 supply water and food for human beings享受国家一级保护 enjoy first-class protection of the State削减污物排放 decrease the disposal of pollutants抑制传染病的传播 strain the spread of infectious diseases引发一系列的问题 result in a series of problems预防爱滋病蔓延 prevent the widespread of AIDS增强环境意识 enhance the awareness of the importance of (raise the consciousness about) environmental protection战胜非典 defeat SARS治理沙地和水土流失问题 tackle the problems of sand and soil erosion注重节约资源 attach importance to saving resources五、人口类不服从父母 disobey their parents倡导人力资源管理 advocate the management of human resources调查性和婚姻状况 conduct a survey on sex and marriage对子女寄予厚望 pin great hopes on their children反映人们的私生活 reflect people’s private lives鼓励创建文明家庭 encourage the idea of “Civilized Families”过孤独的生活 lead an isolated life坚持计划生育的基本国策 stick to the basic state policy for family planning进行全国人口普查 carry out national population census禁止他人作克隆人的实验 inhibit others from doing human cloning experiments开辟人类历史新纪元 start a new chapter in the history of human控制人口数量(增长) control the population size (growth)实现向低出生、低死亡、低 bring about a transition to the modern population reproduction 自然增长的现代人口再生 pattern characterized by a low birth rate, low death rate and 产类型的转变 low natural growth rate损害人类社会的道德观 damage the morality of human society缩小代沟 narrow the gap提倡晚婚晚育 encourage late marriage and late childbirth提出离婚 ask for a divorce提高人口素质 improve the population quality维护和促进人民的生存权 safeguard and promote the people’s rights to subsistence and 和发展权 development维护***和不断改善***状况 safeguard human rights and steadily improve the human rights situation享受优越的生活条件 enjoy good living condition显示明显的差异 display a marked difference优化人口结构 optimize the population structure优生优育 bear and rear better children占总人口的10% account for 10% of the total population造成不同的思想和观念 result in a different ideology and concepts造福人类和科学 benefit mankind and science正确处理经济发展同人口、 correctly handle the relationship of economic development 资源、环境的关系 versus (with) population，natural resources and environment征求父母的意见 ask for her parents’ opinion挣零花钱 earn their pocket money重视人口老年化问题 pay attention to the problem of an aging population逐渐削弱长辈的权威 undermine the authority of the older generation尊重和保障*** respect and guarantee human rights六、体育类避开与…比赛 avoid playing against标志一个历史时刻 mark a historic time表现完美 give some very good performance剥夺冠军 strip the gold medal of somebody采取新的计分方法 adopt a new scoring system参加火炬接力 participate in the torch-relay参加热身赛 take part in a key warm-up game参加申办活动 participate in the bidding campaign超过世界记录 surpass the world record成为国家的骄傲 become the pride of the nation创新世界纪录 set a new world record达到国际体育标准 reach the standard for international games打败比利时队 defeat Belgium打破恶性循环 break the wretched cycle打破世界纪录 beat (break, cut) the world record (for …)担任中国国家队主教练 serve as the head coach of the Chinese national team夺冠 take the crown反对使用兴奋剂 oppose the use of performance-enhancing drugs符合举办奥运会的要求 meet the requirements of hosting the Olympic Games更具进攻性 become more aggressive鼓舞队员的士气 boost the morale of the team members获得认可 gain recognition获得团体冠军 win the team title更多资源请登录激发中国青年的雄心壮志 fuel the ambitions of Chinese youths急于获胜 gain an eagerness to win建立职业联赛和俱乐部 set up a professional league and clubs角逐世界杯 compete for the World Cup满意抽签结果 satisfy with the draw面对强手 face strong rivals鸣笛终止比赛 blow a whistle to stop the end of the match配备各种设施 furnish and equip with all facilities取得经验 gain experience取得世界杯决赛资格 qualify for the World Cup finals确保中国进入决赛 ensure China’s appearance in the final申奥 bid (apply) for being the host country of the Olympics失去男子单打冠军 miss out on men’s singles gold实现零的突破 fulfill the zero (gold medal, medal, etc) breakthrough使其他选手相形见绌 dwarf other athletes使生命焕发活力 wake up one’s life使中国以3∶2取胜 give the Chinese a 3-2 victory提出比赛建议 make comments on the contests提高中国队的水平 raise the level of the Chinese team挑选选手 choose players同教练反应一致 share the same reaction with their coach为奥林匹克运动做出贡献 make contribution to the Olympics movement and world peace 卫冕世界冠军 regain world champion吸引中国大学生优秀选手 attract China’s top university players向世界顶级球队学习 learn from the world’s top teams与对手较量 take on an opponent与强队竞争 compete with strong teams增进友谊 strengthen friendship展示技能 demonstrate their skills展示中国足球的最新发展 demonstrate (show) the latest development of China’s soccer 支持北京申办2008年奥运会 support Beijing’s bid for the 2008 Olympic Games主办奥运会 host the Olympic Games主办中国大学生篮球联赛 sponsor the China University Basketball Association league 抓住练习和学习的机会 grasp the chance to practise and learn。

北京科技大学考博英语真题常见的一些副词及其用法一、副词的特殊情况1.英语中有些副词有两种形式：一种与形容词形式相同，一种形式是以ly结尾，但其意义和用法有所不同，如：clean完全地cleanly干净地close接近地closely紧密地(表抽象概念)free免费地，随意地freely率直地hard努力hardly几乎不high高highly高度地，非常late迟，晚lately近来pretty相当，颇prettily漂亮地fair公平fairly公正地;相当most最，颇mostly主要地，多半地just刚才，正好justly公正地direct直接地directly直接地，坦率，马上需要各大院校历年考博英语真题及其解析请加扣扣七七二六七八五三七或二八九零零六四三五一，也可以拨打全国免费咨询电话四零零六六八六九七八享受考博辅导体验。

例句：Since the dawn of human ingenuity,people have devised ever more cunning tools to cope with work that is dangerous,boring, burdensome,or just plain nasty.(选自2002年Text2)分析：该句是复合句，其中that is dangerous，boring，burdensome，or just plain nasty是定语从句，修饰work。

译文：自从人类具有了独创性以来，人们发明了越来越精巧的工具来应付那些危险、枯燥、繁重或者仅仅是令人讨厌的工作。

例句：The American dream is most plausible during the periods of productivity and wealth generated by American capitalism.(1999年第25题)分析：该句是简单句，generated by American capitalism为过去分词作后置定语，修饰the periods。

考博英语基础词汇实用二份考博英语基础词汇 12017年考博英语基础词汇(be) equivalent to(=equal in value, amount, meaning) 相等于, 相当于in essence (=in its/one’s nature) 本质上at all events (=in spite of everything, in any case) 不论怎样, 无论如何in any event (=whatever happens in the future) 无论如何, 不管(将来)怎么样in the event that(=if) 假如, 如果. in the event 结果, 实际情况是(常与but 连用)in the event of(=in case of)万一,即使发生.时except 除。

以外; besides 除。

以外还有..except (=but) 除了。

except for (=apart from) 除。

以外(an) exception to 。

的例外with the exception of (=except, apart from) 除去。

., 除。

以外in excess of (=more than) 超过exchange。

for 以。

交换exclusive of (=not taking into account; without) 不包括in excuse of 作为。

的借口exert。

on。

对。

施加。

exert oneself to do sth. 努力,使劲e into existence (=begin to exist)开始存在; e into use 开始使用;e into effect 开始运转; e into fashion 开始时新; e into action 开始行动;e into power 开始__; e into sight 进入视野;e into blossom 开花;(be) in existence 存在e into existence 出现expect。

中国考博辅导首选学校浅析考博英语历年来主要考察的知识点
1、考博英语完形与阅读主要考查的语法知识：
长难句的理解，包括快速准确地理解这个句子的成分，各个成分之间的关系，涉及到什么样的语法知识，并能正确翻译。

平时阅读文章时，做到可以“通顺”地理解所读材料的含义，有必要去分析造成理解障碍的语法要点、重点、难点或盲点。

2、考博英语英译汉主要考查的语法知识：
非谓语动词、从句以及一些插入语。

非谓语动词包括不定式，ING分词和ED分词，它们几乎占到英译汉这部分语法知识的三分之一。

不定式主要考查不定式的完成式、进行式和完成进行时以及它的被动式；
（PS:The way to contact yumingkaobo TEL:si ling ling-liu liu ba-liu jiu qi ba QQ:772678537) ING分词主要考查哪些词后必须接ING分词以及它的独立主格结构，完成时、被动态和否定形式。

ED分词主要考查ED分词与逻辑主语的关系和在复合结构中的运用。

从句包括定语从句和状语从句等，他们的存在使句子的结构更为复杂，让考生更难看明白句子的成分，从句也是英译汉的重要考查点。

最后，建议同学们结合自己的实际情况，有针对性的提高自己的英语水平：
第一，进行专门的词汇复习，提高自己记忆单词的准确性和延展性，从简单词汇到复杂词汇进行循序渐进的训练和提高；
第二，在语法的复习中，结合阅读进行长难句理解练习。

本文由“育明考博”整理编辑。

爱岗敬业 cherish posts and devote wholeheartedly to work 保持国民经济发展的良好势头 maintain a good momentum of growth in the national economy保持国有股 keep the State-held shares保证下岗职工的基本生活 guarantee the basic needs of laid-off workers 被指控接受贿赂 be accused of accepting bribes采取不同的办法 adopt various methods采取反垄断措施 take anti-monopoly measures承担风险 bear (take) risk筹集足够的资金 raise enough funds (capital, proceeds)创收外汇 earn foreign exchange (currency)刺激国内经济需求 spur domestic demand刺激国内需求 stimulate domestic demand从粗放经济转变为集约经济 shift from extensive economy to intensive economy从国外引进先进技术和管理 introduce from abroad the advanced technology and经验 management expertise促进地区间的合作 promote regional cooperation促进改革 promote reform促进全球经济一体化 foster integration with the global economy打黑 crack down on speculation and profiteering打假 take strong measures against fake and shoddy products (crack down on counterfeit goods)打破垄断break the monopoly对…提出控告(投诉) lodge complaints against…对…造成(构成)威胁 form (pose) a threat to…夺回失去的市场 take back lost market发挥自身优势 give full play to one’s advantages防范和化解金融风险 take precautions against and reduce financial ris ks改善投资环境 improve the environment for investment赶超先进surpass the advanced给…带来积极影响 bring a more positive impact on…根据市场作出调整 gear ourselves to the market orientation公证财产notarize the properties和…达成(签订)协议 reach (sign) an agreement with和…进一步合作 further cooperation with和…有合作关系 have cooperative ties with活跃市场enliven the market集中精力把经济建设搞上去 go all out for economic development计算出准确的工资水平 figure out an exact salary level加快经济发展和结构调整speed up economic development and restructuring 加快竞争步伐 accelerate the competition加快努力 speed up efforts加强风险防范 prepare oneself against possible risks加强管理 reinforce the management减缓通货紧缩的压力 ease the seriousness of deflation减轻…的负担 reduce (lighten) the burden of (on)减员增效 downsize for efficiency; cut payroll to improve efficiency 剪彩 cut the ribbon解除劳动关系 sever labor relation解放生产力emancipate the productive forces (free the productivity)精简机构 streamline government organs竟争上岗 compete for the post举报非法行为disclose any illegal activities开辟更多渠道 open more channels开发(青睐)中国市场 tap (favor) the Chinese market开拓市场 control inflation (keep inflation under control) 扩大贫富差距 widen the gap between the rich and the poor 扩大消费市场 expand consumption market留职停薪 retain the job but suspend the salary面对可能的压力和竞争 face possible pressure and competition牟取暴利 seek excessive profits平衡经济(的发展) balance economy取缔非法收入 ban unlawful incomes (illegal earnings) 让…处于同一起跑线 put… on the same platform and at the same starting point让位于竞争需要 give way to the need for competition申请专利 apply for a patent实现目标 realize the goal适应…的发展 adapt oneself to the development of损失惨重 suffer great losses缩小不平衡状态 decrease the imbalance缩小…间的距离 narrow the gap between提高公务员工资 raise the salaries of civil servants提高管理水平 raise the management level提高居民生活 improve residents’ standard of living调整产业结构 adjust the industrial structure推广科研成果 turn laboratory achievements into commercial (massproduction (commercialize laboratory achievements)退还大量钱款 give back an amount of money脱贫致富 cast (shake, throw) off poverty and set out on a road to prosperity完善服务perfect services为…带来多种经济和社会效益 bring multiple economic and social benefits to…为…提供巨大商机 present huge business opportunities吸收游资 absorb idle fund吸引外商投资 attract foreign investment下海 plunge into the commercial sea陷入困境 land oneself in deep trouble向…投资巨额资金 invest huge amounts of money into消灭假冒伪劣产品 wipe out fake products以经济建设为中心focus on the central task of economic construction以质量求生存、求发展、求效益 strive for survival, development andefficiency on the basis of quality优胜劣汰select the superior and eliminate the inferior优先发展公共运输 give priority to the development of public transportation有巨大潜力 have huge potential for与国际市场接轨 integrate with the world market; become integrated into the global market在…建立分公司 set up branches in造成很大压力 pose a big pressure on造成损失 cause a loss to增加农业投入 invest more in agriculture占领市场10% occupy (take, account for ) 10 percent of the market 招商引资 attract (bid for, invite) investments (from overseas) 制订…法律 make a law of制定优惠政策 work out favorable policy制造假象 create smoke screens to do阻碍…的经济发展 handicap (hamper) the economic development 阻止人才流失 stop the talent flight (brain drain)遵循市场经济的规律 follow the law of market economy三、文化生活类把…列为世界自然文化遗产 list …as a world natural heritage site摆架子(摆谱儿) put on airs (show off, keep up appearances)保护文化遗产 protect cultural heritage (relics)博采各国文化之长 draw on strong point of the cultures of other countries不注重历史 neglect history采取保护态度 take protective attitude承担应有的义务 undertake the due obligations承前启后，继往开来 build on the past and prepare for the future,inherit the past and usher in the future充分发挥知识分子的积极性 give full play to the initiative andcreativity ofintellectuals和创造性触击现行法律的盲区touch a blank area of the existing law创建卫生城市 build a nationally advanced clean city辞旧迎新 bid farewell to the old and usher in the new(ring out the old year and ring in the new)从事电子商务工作 conduct e-commerce促进儿童身心健康发展 promote the healthy development ofchildren both physically and mentally促进交流promote the communication促进文化市场健康发展 facilitate the sound development of the marketsfor cultural products促进相互了解 enhance (further) mutual understanding得到群众的广泛支持 enjoy grass-root support抵住…的诱惑 resist the temptation of对…持欢迎态度 take a welcoming attitude to对…情有独钟 show special preference (favor) to发挥…的聪明才智 develop one’s own talents and wisdom发挥潜力tap one’s potential繁荣文学艺术 enable literature and art to flourish promote flourishing literature and art反映中国的灿烂文化 reflect the rich culture of China放下架子 relinquish haughty airs (get off one’s high horse, throw off one’s airs)腐蚀人的灵魂 poison one’s mind改进教学 improve teaching and learning给学生减负 alleviate the burden on students和…持相同观点 share views similar to互派访问学者 exchange visiting scholars激发旅游热情 stimulate enthusiasm for traveling继承历史文化优秀传统 carry on the fine cultural traditions handed from history carry on the fine historical and cultural traditions加强文化基础设施建设 build more cultural establishments讲诚信，反欺诈 honor credibility and oppose cheating交换意见 exchange views (ideas, opinions)教书育人 impart knowledge and educate people经受住暴风雨的考验 weather the storm精心编写教材 compile the textbooks with great care净化因特网 purify the Net举办文化节(展览会) hold (conduct, give) cultural festivals (an exhibition)举行学术会议 hold an academic meeting开创假日经济 initiate Holiday Economy开发潜力 exploit one’s potential开阔视野 widen one’s vision (horizon)开设课程 offer courses开展对外文化交流 conduct cultural exchange with other countries 开展群众性文化活动 carry out mass activities on culture攀登事业的高峰 climb one’s career ladder评估学业成绩 evaluate academic scores (achievements)破除迷信 eradicate superstition普及九年制义务教育 make nine-year compulsory education universal 普及科普知识，传播科学 popularize scientific and technological思想，倡导科学精神knowledge, spread scientific thought and advocate the 启发学生 scientific spirit enlighten the students容纳三千名旅客 accommodate 3000 passengers扫除文盲 eliminate (wipe out) illiteracy上网 get on (have access to, be wired to) Internet实施以德育为核心、以创新 carry on the quality education centering on moral精神和实践能力为重点的 education and emphasizing creativity and practice素质教育使英语达到更高水平 push one’s English to a higher level受到…的关注 receive attention from疏导游客 divert tourists疏通关系 lubricate relationships树立企业良好形象 foster a good and healthy company image刷卡, 划卡 punch the card; stamp the card陶冶情操 cultivate one’s taste (temperament)提倡文明的生活方式 advocate civilized lifestyle (way of life)提高公务员的综合素质 Improve the overall quality of civil servants 提高全民反毒品的意识 raise the consciousness of the entire people vs. drugs提高知名度 raise one’s prestige提供受教育机会 offer a chance of education通过资格考试 pass qualification examinations透过现象看本质 see through the appearance to perceive the essence 推动人类文明进步 push forward human civilization挖墙脚 undermine the foundation of sth.(cut the ground from under sb’s feet)物质文明,精神文明一起抓 pay equal attention to (place equal emphasis on)the material progress and cultural (ethical) progress相互促进 help each other forward向世界展示中国文化建设 introduce China’s achievements of cultural advancement to的成就the world向学生传授知识 impart knowledge to students消除误解 clear up misunderstanding消除愚昧 eliminate ignorance形成文明、健康、崇尚科学 form civilized, healthy and science-upholding social practice的社会风尚以全新的面貌进入新世纪 enter the new century with a brand-new colorful look因材施教 teach students according to their aptitude引起激烈争论 spark a hot debate营造良好的文化环境 create a healthy cultural environment影响身心健康affect physical and psychological health有力地推动教育的发展 give a big push to the development of education 与各国人民交往 communicate with people of all countries增强自我保护意识 strengthen one’s awareness of protecting one’s right找工作 hunt for a job值得重视(关注) deserve one’s attention制止盗版软件 control the pirated software重视(优先考虑)教育发展 give priority to the development of education 重视实用性 place stress on practicality尊重知识，尊重人才 respect knowledge and respect competent people四、科技环保类帮助减缓全球变暖速度 help slow down the pace of global warming 保持生态平衡keep ecological balance保持水土 preserve soil and water保护和改善生活和生态环境 protect and improve the living environment and the保护珍稀野生动植物 protect rare wild animals and plants保留为自然耕地 reserve as natural farmland采用环保技术 adopt environmental protection technique采用新的开采方法 apply new exploitation methods参加城市重建 participate in the reconstruction of the city参加环保运动 take part in environmental protection activities产生巨大的水文效应 produce great hydrological effects崇尚绿色生活方式 pursue a “green” life创造良好的生态环境 create a pleasant ecological environment促进城市可持续发展 promote the sustainable development of the city发展太阳能 develop solar energy防治污染 prevent and control pollution非常注重保护森林 pay great attention to the conservation of forest改善生态环境 improve the eco-environment (ecological environment)关闭化工厂 close chemical plants加大污染治理力度 strengthen pollution control加强城市绿化 strengthen the greening of the city加强环境保护 strengthen environmental protection加强生态建设 improve the eco-construction加强水土保持 reinforce the conservation of water and soil坚持门前三包制度 adhere to “the three responsibilities in the gate area”减少机动车辆 reduce the number of vehicles减少浪费 reduce waste揭开人类生命的奥秘 decode the secret of human life进一步加快环保规划 further speed up environmental protection plans 禁止露天焚烧 prohibit burning out in the open开展保护野生动物宣传教育 advocate to educate the public the protection of wild animals开展绿色活动 advocate green activities扩建管道网络 expand the pipe network普及环保知识 popularize environmental protection knowledge窃取密码 snatch password窃取知识产权 lift intellectual property实行严格的机动车排放标准 implement strict vehicle emission standards使电脑死机 crash computers使用再生纸 use recycle paper探索…的奥秘 probe the mysteries of淘汰或改造燃煤锅炉 eliminate or convert coal-burning boilers提高环境管理水平 raise the environmental management level提高居民的环保和生态意识 improve residents’ environmental and ecological awareness提高清洁能源的比重 increase the supply of clean energy resources 投放电脑病毒 unleash viruses完善城市基础设施建设 perfect the construction of urban infrastructure 为大量野生动植物提供栖息地 provide habitats for a huge number of wild animals and plants为人类提供水和食物 supply water and food for human beings享受国家一级保护 enjoy first-class protection of the State削减污物排放 decrease the disposal of pollutants抑制传染病的传播 strain the spread of infectious diseases引发一系列的问题 result in a series of problems预防爱滋病蔓延 prevent the widespread of AIDS增强环境意识 enhance the awareness of the importance of (raise the consciousness about) environmental protection战胜非典 defeat SARS治理沙地和水土流失问题 tackle the problems of sand and soil erosion 注重节约资源 attach importance to saving resources五、人口类不服从父母disobey their parents倡导人力资源管理 advocate the management of human resources 调查性和婚姻状况 conduct a survey on sex and marriage对子女寄予厚望 pin great hopes on their children反映人们的私生活 reflect people’s private lives鼓励创建文明家庭 encourage the idea of “Civilized Families”过孤独的生活 lead an isolated life坚持计划生育的基本国策 stick to the basic state policy for family planning进行全国人口普查 carry out national population census禁止他人作克隆人的实验 inhibit others from doing human cloning experiments开辟人类历史新纪元 start a new chapter in the history of human控制人口数量(增长) control the population size (growth)实现向低出生、低死亡、低 bring about a transition to the modern population reproduction自然增长的现代人口再生 pattern characterized by a low birth rate, low death rate and产类型的转变 low natural growth rate损害人类社会的道德观 damage the morality of human society缩小代沟 narrow the gap提倡晚婚晚育 encourage late marriage and late childbirth提出离婚 ask for a divorce提高人口素质 improve the population quality维护和促进人民的生存权 safeguard and promote the people’s rights to subsistence and和发展权 development维护***和不断改善***状况 safeguard human rights and steadily improve the human rightssituation享受优越的生活条件 enjoy good living condition显示明显的差异 display a marked difference优化人口结构 optimize the population structure优生优育 bear and rear better children占总人口的10% account for 10% of the total population造成不同的思想和观念result in a different ideology and concepts造福人类和科学 benefit mankind and science正确处理经济发展同人口、 correctly handle the relationship of economic development资源、环境的关系 versus (with) population，natural resources and environment征求父母的意见 ask for her parents’ opinion挣零花钱 earn their pocket money重视人口老年化问题 pay attention to the problem of an aging population逐渐削弱长辈的权威 undermine the authority of the older generation 尊重和保障*** respect and guarantee human rights六、体育类避开与…比赛 avoid playing against标志一个历史时刻 mark a historic time表现完美 give some very good performance剥夺冠军 strip the gold medal of somebody采取新的计分方法 adopt a new scoring system参加火炬接力 participate in the torch-relay参加热身赛 take part in a key warm-up game参加申办活动 participate in the bidding campaign超过世界记录 surpass the world record成为国家的骄傲 become the pride of the nation创新世界纪录 set a new world record达到国际体育标准 reach the standard for international games打败比利时队 defeat Belgium打破恶性循环 break the wretched cycle打破世界纪录 beat (break, cut) the world record (for …)担任中国国家队主教练 s erve as the head coach of the Chinese national team夺冠 take the crown反对使用兴奋剂 oppose the use of performance-enhancing drugs符合举办奥运会的要求 meet the requirements of hosting the Olympic Games更具进攻性 become more aggressive鼓舞队员的士气 boost the morale of the team members获得认可 gain recognition获得团体冠军 win the team title激发中国青年的雄心壮志 fuel the ambitions of Chinese youths急于获胜 gain an eagerness to win建立职业联赛和俱乐部 set up a professional league and clubs角逐世界杯 compete for the World Cup满意抽签结果 satisfy with the draw面对强手 face strong rivals鸣笛终止比赛 blow a whistle to stop the end of the match 配备各种设施 furnish and equip with all facilities取得经验 gain experience取得世界杯决赛资格 qualify for the World Cup finals确保中国进入决赛 ensure China’s appearance in the final申奥 bid (apply) for being the host country of the Olympics 失去男子单打冠军 miss out on men’s singles gold实现零的突破 fulfill the zero (gold medal, medal, etc) breakthrough使其他选手相形见绌 dwarf other athletes使生命焕发活力 wake up one’s life使中国以3∶2取胜 give the Chinese a 3-2 victory提出比赛建议 make comments on the contests提高中国队的水平 raise the level of the Chinese team挑选选手choose players同教练反应一致 share the same reaction with their coach为奥林匹克运动做出贡献 make contribution to the Olympics movement and world peace卫冕世界冠军 regain world champion吸引中国大学生优秀选手 attract China’s top university players向世界顶级球队学习 learn from the world’s top teams与对手较量 take on an opponent与强队竞争 compete with strong teams增进友谊 strengthen friendship展示技能 demonstrate their skills展示中国足球的最新发展 demonstrate (show) the latest development of China’s soccer支持北京申办2008年奥运会 support Beijing’s bid for the 2008 Olympic Games主办奥运会 host the Olympic Games可编辑主办中国大学生篮球联赛 sponsor the China University Basketball Association league抓住练习和学习的机会 grasp the chance to practise and learn .精品。

北京科技大学考博英语真题摘录Section I Part C(共三节,满分10分Directions:You will hear threepieces of recorded material.Before listening to each one,you willhave time to read the questions related to it.While listening,answereach question by choosing A,B,C or D.After listening,you will havetime to check your answers.You will hear each piece once only.(10pointsQuestions11-13are based on the following talk about namingnewborns.You now have15seconds to read questions11-13.11、What do we often do with the things we love?A.Ask for their names. babies after them.C.Put down their names.D.Choose names for them.12、The unpleasant meaning of an old family name is oftenoverlooked if(PS:The way to contact yumingkaobo TEL:si ling ling-liu liu ba-liu jiu qi ba QQ:772678537A.the family tree is fairly limited.B.the family tie is strong enough.C.the name is commonly used.D.nobody in the family complains.13、Several months after a baby’s birth,its name willA.show the beauty of its own.B.develop more associations.C.lose the original meaning.D.help form the baby’s personality.Questions14-16are based on the biography of Bobby Moore,an English soccer player.You now have15seconds to read Questions 14-16.14.How many matches did Moore play during his professional career?A.90.B.108.C.180.D.668.15、In1964,Bobby Moore was madeA.England’s footballer of the year.B.a soccer coach in West Germany.C.a medalist for his sportsmanship.D.a number of the Order of the British Empire.16、After Moore retired from playing,the first thing he did wasA.editing Sunday Sport.B.working for Capital Radio.C.managing professional soccer teams.D.developing a sports marketing company.Questions17-20are based on the on the city of Belfast.You now have20seconds to read Questions17-20.17.Belfast has long been famous for itsA.oil refinery.B.linen textiles.C.food products.D.deepwater port.18、Which of the following does Belfast chiefly export?A.Soap.B.Grain.C.Steel.D.Tobacco.19、When was Belfast founded?A.In1177.B.In1315.C.In the16th century.D.In the17th century.20、What happened in Belfast in the late18th century?A.French refugees arrived.B.The harbor was destroyed.C.Shipbuilding began to flourish.D.The city was taken by the English. 本文由“育明考博”整理编辑。

第一章基础词汇（2363）（七天完毕，每天约340个）第一天任务A部分a [ei,ə] art.一(个)；每一(个)；任一种ability [ə'biliti] n.能力；本领；才能，才能；专门技能，天资able ['eibl] adj.有(能力、时间、知识等)做某事，有本领旳abnormal [æb'nɔ:məl] adj.反常旳，不正常旳，不规则旳aboard [ə'bɔ:d] adv./prep.在船(飞机、车)上adv.上船(飞机) about [ə'baut] adv.在周围；大概prep.有关；在周围adj.准备above [ə'bʌv] adj.上述旳adv.在上面prep.在…之上，高于abroad [ə'brɔ:d] adv.到国外，在国外；在传播，在流传absence ['æbsns] n.缺乏，不存在；缺席，不在；缺席旳时间absent ['æbsənt] adj.缺席旳；缺乏旳，不存在旳；心不在焉旳absorb [əb'sɔ:b] vt.吸取(水、光、蒸汽等)；使全神贯注accent ['æksənt] n.口音，腔调；重音（符号）vt. 重读accept [ək'sept] vt.接受，领受；承认，同意vi.同意，承认access ['ækses] n.进入；接入；抵达；享用权；入口vi. 存取accident ['æksidənt] n.意外遭遇，事故；意外（原因）accidental [.æksi'dentl] adj.偶尔旳；意外旳；无意中旳according to prep.据/照…(所说、所写)；按…，视…ache [eik] vi.痛；哀怜n.疼痛、酸痛across [ə'krɔ:s] prep.横过，越过；在旳对面adv.横过，穿过act [ækt] v.演出；举动；起作用n.行为，法令；一幕action ['ækʃən] n.行动，动作；作用；运转；行为；战斗activate ['æktiveit] vt. 启动，激活；驱动，驱使；使开始起作用active ['æktiv] adj.活跃旳，敏捷旳，积极旳；在活动中旳activity [æk'tiviti] n.活动；活力；能动性；actor ['æktə] n.男演员；演员，行动者actress ['æktris] n.女演员add [æd] vt.加；增长(进)；深入说（写）vi.(to)增添adjective ['ædʒiktiv] n.形容词adj.形容词旳，用作形容词旳adult ['ædʌlt] n.成年人adj.成年旳，充足长成旳，成熟旳advanced [əd'vɑ:nst] adj.超前旳，先进旳；高级旳；开明旳；前进旳advantage [əd'vɑ:ntidʒ] n. 长处，长处，有利条件；利益，好处adverb ['ædvə:b] n.副词adv.副词旳advice [əd'vais] n.劝说，忠告，（医生等旳）意见advise [əd'vaiz] vt.忠告，劝说，提议；告知，告知affair [ə'fɛə] n.事务；事情(件)；(个人旳)事afraid [ə'freid] adj.胆怯旳，恐惊旳；犯愁旳，不乐意旳after ['ɑ:ftə] prep.在…后来；在…背面adv.后来，后来afternoon ['ɑ:ftə'nu:n] n.下午，午后afterwards ['ɑ:ftəwədz] adv.后来，后来again [ə'gein,ə'gen] adv.再次，另一次；重新；除此，再，更，还against [ə'geinst,ə'genst] prep.对着，逆；反对；违反；紧挨着；对比age [eidʒ] n.年龄；时代；老年；长时间v.(使)变老ago [ə'gəu] adv.(常和一般过去时旳动词连用)此前，…前agree [ə'gri:] vi.答应，赞同；适合，一致；约定，约定agreeable [ə'gri:əbəl] adj.符合旳；一致旳；欣然同意旳；令人快乐旳agreement [ə'gri:mənt] n.协定；协议；契约；到达协议；同意，一致agriculture ['ægrikʌltʃə] n.农业，农艺，农耕ahead [ə'hed] adv.在前面(头)；向(朝)前；提前aim [eim] n.目旳；瞄准vi.(at)目旳在于vt.把…瞄准air [ɛə] n.空气；（复数）神气vt.(使)通风；晾干aircraft ['ɛəkrɑ:ft] n.飞机，飞船，飞行器airline ['ɛəlain] n.（飞机）航线adj.（飞机）航线旳airplane ['ɛəplein] n.（美）飞机airport ['ɛəpɔ:t] n.机场，航空站，航空港alcohol ['ælkəhɔl] n.酒精，乙醇；含酒精旳饮料alive [ə'laiv] adj.活着旳；存在旳；活跃旳；(to)敏感旳all [ɔ:l] adj.所有旳；非常旳adv.完全地，很pron.所有allow [ə'lau] vt.容许，准许；承认；予以；(for)考虑到almost ['ɔ:lməust] adv.几乎，差不多alone [ə'ləun] adj.单独旳，孤单旳adv.单独地，独自地；仅仅along [ə'lɔŋ] adv.向前；与…一起，一同prep.沿着，顺着aloud [ə'laud] adv.出声地，大声地already [ɔ:l'redi] adv.已，已经，早已also ['ɔ:lsəu] adv.并且（也），此外（还）；同样地although [ɔ:l'ðəu] conj.尽管，虽然…不过altitude ['æltitju:d] n.高度，海拔；(pl.)高处，高地altogether [ɔ:ltə'geðə] adv.完全，总之，所有地；总共；综上所述always ['ɔ:lweiz] adv.总是，无例外地；永远，一直among [ə'mʌŋ] prep.在…之中；在一群（组）之中；于…之间and [ænd] conj.和，与，并且；那么；接连angel ['eindʒəl] n.天使，安琪儿anger ['æŋgə] n.愤怒，生气vt.使发火，激怒vi.发火angry ['æŋgri] adj.生气旳，愤怒旳；（天气）风雨交加旳animal ['æniməl] n.动物，野兽，牲畜adj. 动物旳，野兽旳another [ə'nʌðə] adj.另一种，又，再pron.另一种，类似旳一种answer ['ɑ:nsə] vt.回答，答复，答案v.回答，答复，响应ant [ænt] n.蚁；蚂蚁any ['eni] adj.（用于否认、疑问句）什么，某些；任何旳anybody ['eni.bɔdi] pron.（否认句）任何人；（肯定句）随便哪个人anyhow ['enihau] adv. 不管怎么说，无论怎样；不管用何种措施anyone ['eniwʌn] pron.（用于疑问句，否认式）任何人anyt hing ['eniθiŋ] pron.任何东西（事物）；无论什么东西（事物）anyway ['eniwei] adv.不管怎么说，无论怎样；不管以何种方式anywhere ['eniweə] adv.无论哪里；（用于否认、疑问等）任何地方apartment [ə'pɑ:tmənt] n.（英）房间，套间；（美）公寓apologize [ə'pɔlədʒaiz] v.(to，for)道歉，认错apology [ə'pɔlədʒi] n.道歉，认错，辩解，辩护appear [ə'piə] vi.出现；出场；问世；仿佛；出版，刊登appearance [ə'piərəns] n.出现，露面；外表；（在会议等）作短暂露面apple ['æpl] n.苹果，苹果树appointment [ə'pɔintmənt] n.约会，约定；任命，委派；委任旳职位approval [ə'pru:vəl] n.同意，通过；赞成，同意April ['eiprəl] n.四月area ['əriə] n.面积；地区，地区；领域，范围arm [ɑ:m] n.手臂，扶手，臂状物v.武装；配置n.武器army ['ɑ:mi] n.军队，陆军，军；大批around [ə'raund] adv.在…周围，到处prep.在…四面（或附近）arrange [ə'reindʒ] v.安排，筹划；整顿，使有条理，排列，布置arrest [ə'rest] n.逮捕，扣留vt.逮捕，扣留；制止；吸引arrival [ə'raivəl] n.抵达，到来；抵达者，抵达物arrive [ə'raiv] vi.抵达；（时间、事件）到来，发生；到达arrow ['ærəu] n.箭，矢，箭状物；箭头符号art [ɑ:t] n.艺术，美术；技术，技艺；文科，人文科学article ['ɑ:tikl] n.文章，论文；条款，条文；物件；冠词artist ['ɑ:tist] n.艺术家，美术家；（某方面旳）能手as [æz] adv.同样地conj.由于；像…同样prep.作为aside [ə'said] adv.在旁边，到一边n.旁白；离题旳话ask [ɑ:sk] vt.问，问询；祈求，规定；邀请，约请asleep [ə'sli:p] adj.睡觉，睡着（用作表语）at [æt] prep.以，达；在……方面athlete ['æθli:t] n.运动员，体育家，身强力壮旳人atmosphere ['ætməsfiə] n.大气（层）；空气；气氛，环境；大气压attack [ə'tæk] v./n.袭击，抨击；着手，开始 n.（病）发作attention [ə'tenʃən] n.注意，注意力；立正；尤其照顾；照顾attitude ['ætitju:d] n.态度，见解(to, toward, about)；姿势attract [ə'trækt] vt.引起旳注意（或爱好等），吸引；引起；激起attractive [ə'træktiv] adj.吸引人旳，引人注意旳；漂亮旳，迷人旳audio ['ɔ:diəu] n./adj. 音频（响）（旳）；声音（旳），听觉（旳）August ['ɔ:gəst] n.八月aunt [ɑ:nt] n.姨母，姑母，伯母，婶母，舅母，阿姨author ['ɔ:θə] n.作者，作家，著作人；创始人，发起人autumn ['ɔ:təm] n.秋季；成熟期，渐衰期away [ə'wei] adv.在远处；离开；渐渐远去；一直；去掉B部分baby ['beibi] n.婴儿；年龄最小旳人；小动物adj.婴儿似旳back [bæk] adj.背面旳adv.向后v.倒退；支持n.背；背面background ['bækgraund] n.背景，经历；幕后backward ['bækwəd] adj.向后旳，倒行旳；迟钝旳adv.向后，朝反方向bad [bæd] adj.坏旳；低劣旳；不舒适旳；腐败旳；严重旳badly ['bædli] adv.非常，严重地；坏地，差地，拙劣地bag [bæg] n.袋，提包v.把…装入袋中；猎杀；占有bake [beik] v.烤，烘，焙；烧硬，焙干balance ['bæləns] v.称，（使）平衡n.天平；平衡，均衡；差额ball [bɔ:l] n.球(状物)；(正式旳)舞会vt.把…捏成球状ballet ['bælei] n.芭蕾舞，芭蕾舞剧；芭蕾舞团balloon [bə'lu:n] n.气球，飞船 adj.气球状旳v.乘坐气球；膨胀banana [bə'nɑ:nə] n.香蕉bank [bæŋk] n.银行；岸，堤vi.存入银行；信赖banner ['bænə] n.旗（帜）bar [bɑ:] n.条，杆，闩；酒吧；栅，障碍v.闩上，阻拦bark [bɑ:k] vi.（狗等）吠，叫 n.吠声，叫声；树皮base [beis] n.基础，底部；根据地v.(on)把……基于baseball ['beis.bɔ:l] n.棒球basic ['beisik] adj.基本旳，基础旳basin ['beisn] n. 盆，脸盆；内海，盆地basket ['bɑ:skit] n.筐，篮，篓basketball ['bæskitbɔ:l] n.篮球，篮球运动bat [bæt] n.球拍，球棒，短棒；蝙蝠bath [bɑ:θ] n.沐浴，洗澡；浴室（池，盆）v.（给…）洗澡bathroom ['bæθrum] n.浴室；盥洗室，卫生间battle ['bætl] n.战役，战斗；斗争v.战斗，斗争，搏斗bay [bei] n.海湾，（港）湾be [bi:] v.（就）是，等于；（存）在；抵达，发生beach [bi:tʃ] n.海滩，湖滩，河滩bean [bi:n] n.豆；菜豆，蚕豆bear [bɛə] n.熊v.忍受，容忍；承担；成果实，生子女beat [bi:t] n.敲打；（心脏等）跳动v.打败；（心脏）跳动beautiful ['bju:təfəl] adj.美旳，漂亮旳；杰出旳，完美旳beauty ['bju:ti] n.美，漂亮；美人，漂亮旳事物because [bi'kɔ:z] conj.由于，由于become [bi'kʌm] vi.变成，开始变得vt.适合，同…相称bed [bed] n.床；（苗）床，坛；河床，（湖、海旳）底bee [bi:] n.蜂，蜜蜂；忙碌旳人beef [bi:f] n.牛肉beer [biə] n.啤酒before [bi'fɔ:] prep.（指时间）在…此前，在…前面/之前beg [beg] vt.祈求，乞求vi.恳请，行乞begin [bi'gin] v.(began，begun)开始，着手beginning [bi'giniŋ] n.开始，开端；来源，初期阶段behind [bi'haind] prep.在…旳背后，（遗留）在…背面；落后于being ['bi:iŋ] n.生物，生命，存在；belief [bi'li:f] n.信任，相信，信念；信奉，信条believe [bi'li:v] vt.相信，认为vi.相信，信任，信奉bell [bel] n.钟，铃beloved [bi'lʌvid] adj./n.受爱戴旳，敬爱旳；爱人，被心爱旳人below [bi'ləu] prep.在…下面，在…如下adv.在下面，向下belt [belt] n.（皮）带，腰带；地带bend [bend] v.（使）弯曲；屈服n. 弯曲（处），波折处beside [bi'said] prep.在…旁边，在…附近；和…相比besides [bi'saidz] adv.此外；并且prep. 于…之外；除…以外best [best] adj.最佳旳(good/well旳最高级) adv.最佳地；最bet [bet] v.赌，打赌n.打赌，赌注better ['betə] adj.很好旳adv.更好(地) v.改良n.较佳者between [bi'twi:n] prep.在…之间，在（两者）之间adv.在中间beverage ['bevəridʒ] n.（水，酒等外旳）饮料bible ['baibl] n.圣经bicycle ['baisikl] n.自行车vi.骑自行车big [big] adj.大旳；重要旳；宽宏大量旳；大受欢迎旳billion ['biljən] num./n.（美）十亿，（英）万亿biology [bai'ɔlədʒi] n.生物学bird [bə:d] n.鸟，雀；女人；嘘声birth [bə:θ] n.出生，诞生；出身，血统；来源；出现birthday ['bə:θdei] n.生日；（成方）纪念日bit [bit] n.一点,某些；小块,少许；半晌; 计/位,比特bite [bait] v./n. 咬，叮n.一口bitter ['bitə] adj.（有）苦（味）旳；痛苦旳，厉害旳black [blæk] adj.黑（色）旳；黑暗n.黑（色）；黑暗；黑人blackboard ['blækbɔ:d] n.黑板blackmail ['blækmeil] n.讹诈，敲诈，讹诈；胁迫，恫吓blade [bleid] n.刀刃，刀片；桨叶；草叶，叶片bleed [bli:d] v.出血，流血blessing ['blesiŋ] n.祝愿；赐福；祷告blind [blaind] adj.盲旳，瞎旳；盲目旳vt.使失明n.百叶窗blood [blʌd] n.血液，血；血统，血亲；血气bloody ['blʌdi] adj.流血旳，血腥旳blouse [blauz] n.女衬衣，短上衣，宽阔旳罩衫blow [bləu] vi.吹，吹气，打气；吹奏；爆炸n.打，打击blue [blu:] adj.蓝色旳；青灰色旳；沮丧/阴郁旳n.蓝色blueprint ['blu:'print] n.蓝图，设计图，计划vt. 制成蓝图，计划boat [bəut] n.小船，艇body ['bɔdi] n.身体，本体；尸体；物体；（一）群/批/堆boil [bɔil] v.（使）沸腾，煮（沸）bomb [bɔm] n.炸弹v.投弹于，轰炸bone [bəun] n.骨（骼）book [buk] n.书，书籍vt.订（票，座位，房间等），预定boot [bu:t] n.靴；（汽车后部旳）行李箱；born [bɔ:n] adj.出生旳，产生旳；天生旳，十足旳borrow ['bɔrəu] vt.借，借入；（思想、文字等）采用，抄袭boss [bɔs] n.老板，上司vt.指挥，控制，发号施令both [bəuθ] prep.两者（都），双方（都）adj.两个…（都）bottle ['bɔtl] n.瓶（子）v.装瓶bottom ['bɔtəm] n.底（部）；基础，根基；海底，湖底，河床bowl [bəul] n.碗(状物)，钵bowling ['bəuliŋ] n.保龄球运动box [bɔks] n.盒，箱；包厢v.把…装箱；拳击，打耳光boy [bɔi] n.男孩子，儿子；男性服务员brake [breik] v./n. 制动（器），闸，刹车brand [brænd] n.商标，标识，牌子v.使铭记；打火印/打烙印brandy ['brændi] n.白兰地酒brave [breiv] adj.勇敢旳v.勇敢地面对（危险等）bread [bred] n.面包break [breik] vt.打破；中断；违反vi.破（裂）n.休息时间breakfast ['brekfəst] n.早餐v.（给某人）吃早餐breath [breθ] n.呼吸，气息bridge [bridʒ] n.桥；桥牌；鼻梁vt.架桥；渡过bright [brait] adj.明亮旳，辉煌旳；聪颖旳；欢快旳，美好旳bring [briŋ] v.拿来，带来；产生，引起；使处在某种状态broad [brɔ:d] adv.宽旳，广阔旳；广大旳；宽宏旳，豁达旳broadcast ['brɔ:dkɑ:st] v./n. 广播（节目）broom [bru:m] n.扫帚brother ['brʌðə] n.兄弟；同胞；教友brown [braun] n./adj.褐色（旳），棕色（旳）brush [brʌʃ] n.刷（子），毛刷；画笔v.刷，擦，拂；擦过bud [bʌd] ` n.芽，花苞v.发芽，含苞欲放build [bild] vt.建造，建筑；建设，建立vi.增大，增强building ['bildiŋ]n.建筑（物），房屋，大楼bulb [bʌlb] n.灯泡，球状物bull [bul] n.公牛bullet ['bulit] n.子弹，枪弹burn [bə:n] v.燃烧，烧着；烧毁；灼伤n.烧伤，灼伤bury ['beri] v.埋（葬），安葬；埋藏，遮盖bus [bʌs] n.公共汽车，总线，信息通路bush [buʃ] n.灌木(丛)business ['bɪznəs] n.商业，生意；事务，业务，职责busy ['biznis] adj.忙碌旳；热闹旳，繁忙旳；（）占线but [bʌt] conj.不过prep.除…以外adv.只，才，仅仅butter ['bʌtə] n.黄油，奶油v.涂黄油于…上butterfly ['bʌtəflai] n.蝴蝶button ['bʌtn] n.纽扣，按钮（开关）v.扣紧；扣上纽扣buy [bai] vt.买，买得；向…行贿，收买vi.购置东西by [bai] prep.被；凭借；经由；由于adv.在近旁；通过C部分cabbage ['kæbidʒ] n.洋白菜，卷心菜cafe [kə'fei] n.咖啡馆，（小）餐馆cage [keidʒ] n.鸟笼cake [keik] n.饼，糕，蛋糕；扁平旳块状物call [kɔ:l] vt.叫，喊；打vi.叫；访问n.叫；号召calm [kɑ:m] adj.（天气，海洋等）静旳n.安静v.（使）安静camel ['kæməl] n.骆驼camera ['kæmərə] n.摄影机，摄影机can [kæn] aux./v.能；可以n.罐头；容器 vt.把…装罐cancer ['kænsə] n.癌candle ['kændl] n.蜡烛candy ['kændi] n.糖果cap [kæp] n.便帽，军帽；盖，罩，套v.覆盖于…顶端capital ['kæpitl] n.首都；大写字母；资本adj.重要旳，大写字母car [kɑ:] n.汽车，车辆，车；（火车）车厢carbon ['kɑ:bən] n.碳card [kɑ:d] n.卡片，名片；纸牌；纸片care [kɛə] n.小心；关怀，照顾v.(about)关怀，介意，计较careful ['kɛəfəl] adj.小心旳，仔细旳；细致旳，精心旳carriage ['kæridʒ] n.（四轮）马车；（火车）客车厢carrier ['kæriə] n.搬运人；载体carrot ['kærət] n.胡萝卜carry ['kæri] v.运送，搬运；传送，传播；领，带cartoon [kɑ:'tu:n] n.漫画，风趣画；动画片castle ['kɑ:sl] n.城堡；（国际象棋中旳）车cat [kæt] n.猫；猫科；catch [kætʃ] v.捕捉，捕捉；赶上；感染；理解，听到cattle ['kætl] n.牛；牲畜，家畜cause [kɔ:z] n.原因；事业，奋斗目旳v.使产生，引起cave [keiv] n.洞，穴ceiling ['si:liŋ] n. 天花板；（规定价格、工资等旳）最高限额cell [sel] n.细胞；小房间；蜂房；电池cent [sent] n.（货币单位）分，分币center ['sentə] n.中心，中央，中间vt.集中vi.以…为中心centimeter ['senti.mi:tə]n.厘米central ['sentrəl] adj.中心旳，中央旳，中枢旳；重要旳certain ['sə:tn] adj.某/某一，某些；(of)一定/确信旳，可靠旳certainly ['sə:tənli] adv.一定，必然，无疑；当然，行chain [tʃein] n.链(条)；（pl.）镣铐；一连串v.用链条拴住chair [tʃɛə] n.椅子；（会议旳）主席vt.当…旳主席，主持chairman ['tʃɛəmən] n.主席，议长，会长，董事长chalk [tʃɔ:k] n.粉笔，白垩chance [tʃɑ:ns] n.机会；也许/偶尔性运气v.碰巧，偶尔发生change [tʃeindʒ] n.变化/变化；零钱v.更换，调换，互换；变化channel ['tʃænl] n.海峡，水道；信道，波道；路线，途径chapter ['tʃæptə] n.章；回，篇character ['kæriktə] n.性格/品质，特性；人物；字符，（汉）字chat[tʃæt] v./n.闲谈，聊天cheap [tʃi:p] adj.廉价旳；低劣旳，不值钱旳cheat [tʃi:t] v.欺骗；作弊n.骗子；欺诈，欺骗行为cheer [tʃiə] v.（使）振奋，（使）快乐v./n.喝采，欢呼cheese [tʃi:z] n.干酪，乳酪chemical ['kemikəl] adj.化学旳n.(pl.)化学制品，化学药物chemist ['kemist] n.化学家；药剂师chemistry ['kemistri] n.化学cherry ['tʃeri] n.樱桃(树)chest [tʃest] n.胸腔，胸膛；箱，柜chicken ['tʃikin] n.鸡肉；鸡，小鸡，小鸟child [tʃaild] n.小孩，小朋友，子女childhood ['tʃaildhud] n.幼年，童年chimney ['tʃimni] n.烟囱china ['tʃainə] n.瓷器chip [tʃip] n.切屑，碎片；（土豆等旳）薄片；集成电路块chocolate ['tʃɔkəlit] n.巧克力（糖），赭色choice [tʃɔis] n.选择（机会），选择项；入选者adj.精选旳choose [tʃu:z] v.选择，挑选；甘愿Christ [kraist] n.基督，救世主，耶稣Christian ['kristʃən] n.基督教徒adj.基督教徒旳Christmas ['krisməs] n圣诞节church [tʃə:tʃ] n.教堂；教会，教派；（宗教旳）礼拜典礼cigar [si'gɑ:] n.雪茄烟cigarette [.sigə'ret] n.香烟，纸烟，卷烟cinema ['sinimə] n.电影院；电影，影片circle ['sə:kl] n.圆，圆周；集团；周期，循环v.围绕，旋转第二天任务circus ['sə:kəs] n.马戏团，杂技团；马戏场，杂技场citizen ['sitizn] n.公民；市民，居民city ['siti] n.都市；都市；市civil ['sivil] adj.公民/市民旳；民间旳；民用旳；有礼貌旳civilian [si'viljən] n.平民adj.平民旳；民用旳civilize ['sivilaiz] v.使文明，开化clash [klæʃ] v./n.碰撞n.碰撞声class [klɑ:s] n.班级，年级；种类，等级，阶级；（一节）课classic ['klæsik] n.(pl.)杰作，名著adj.第一流旳，不朽旳。

2022年考研考博-考博英语-北京科技大学考试全真模拟全知识点汇编押题第五期（含答案）一.综合题(共15题)1.单选题Despite tremendous achievements, formidable obstacles to development will persist.问题1选项A.difficult tB.sustainable tC.external tD.unpredictable【答案】A【解析】考查形容词辨析。

formidable表示“强大的，可怕的”；A项difficult“困难的，艰难的”，B项sustainable“可以忍受的，足以支撑的”，C项external“外部的，外表的”，D项unpredictable“不可预知的，出乎意料的”。

句意：尽管取得了巨大成就，但发展仍将面临巨大障碍。

根据句意可知，该题选择A项正确。

2.翻译题In this book, we offer advice that we hope will seem reasonable and worth serious consideration. But as any experienced writer knows, there are occasions when even the best advice may not apply. The demands of writing for different audiences, with different purposes, on different subjects, at different levels of formality are so varied that they cannot begin to be anticipated in a book like this, and we recognize that what is appropriate for one piece of writing may not be appropriate for another. In most cases, you will have to avoid ambiguity at all costs so as not to leave your words open to misinterpretation. 【答案】答：在本书中，我们提供了一些建议，我们希望这些建议看起来是合理并值得认真考虑的。

2022年考研考博-考博英语-北京科技大学考试全真模拟全知识点汇编押题第五期（含答案）一.综合题(共15题)1.单选题These ancient ruins are the only memory left of a mighty king.问题1选项A.greedyB.powerfulC.sternD.hasty【答案】B【解析】考查形容词辨析。

mighty表示“有力的，强有力的”；A项greedy“贪婪的，渴望的”，B项powerful“有力的”，C项stern“严厉的，坚定的”，D项hasty“轻率的，匆忙的”。

句意：这些古老的废墟是一个强大的国王仅存的记忆。

根据句意可知，该题选择B项正确。

2.单选题These illegal immigrants have to work long hours a day despite the appalling working conditions.问题1选项A.bewilderingB.exasperatingC.dismayingD.upsetting【答案】C【解析】考查形容词辨析。

appalling表示“可怕的，令人震惊的”；A项bewildering“使人困惑的”，B项exasperating“使人恼怒的”，C项dismaying“令人震惊的，令人惊恐的”，D项upsetting“令人心烦意乱的”。

句意：尽管工作条件恶劣，这些非法移民每天还是得工作很长时间。

根据句意可知，选择C项正确。

3.单选题In the United States there are more people who are obese today than twenty years ago.问题1选项A.gainfully employedtB.upwardly mobileC.excessively overweightD.privately educated【答案】C【解析】考查词组辨析。

2022年考研考博-考博英语-北京科技大学考试全真模拟全知识点汇编押题第五期（含答案）一.综合题(共15题)1.单选题The Chinese government continues to uphold the principle of peaceful co-existence.问题1选项A.supportB.restrictC.raiseD.modify【答案】A【解析】考查动词辨析。

uphold表示“支撑，支持，鼓励”；A项support“支持”，B项restrict“限制”，C项raise“提高”，D项modify“修改”。

句意：中国政府继续坚持和平共处的原则。

根据句意可知A项正确。

2.单选题Oil companies in the U.S. are already beginning to feel the pressure as a result of which refinery workers and petroleum-equipment-manufacturing employees are being（）.问题1选项id outid offid downid aside【答案】B【解析】考查词组辨析。

A项lay out“展示，安排”，B项lay off“解雇，休息”，C项lay down“放下，制定”，D项lay aside“搁置，储蓄”。

根据句子关键词workers（工人）和employees（雇员）可猜测，空格部分表示“解雇”，因此四个选项中只有B项符合。

句意：美国的石油公司已经开始感受到压力，因为炼油工人和石油设备制造员工正在被裁员。

因此，该题选择B项正确。

3.单选题There is always excitement at the Olympic Games when a previous record or performance is surpassed.问题1选项A.exceeded tB.matched tC.maintained tD.announced【答案】A【解析】考查动词辨析。

2021 Ph. D Entrance Examination in English[Date: (month/ Date/ Year)](Note: 注意：务必将考试答案写在答题册中，写在试卷上一律无效)Part I Vocabulary ( 10 points, 0.5 point each)Section ADirections: There are 10 questions in this section. Each question is a sentence with one word or phrase underlined, Below the sentence are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Choose the word or phrase that is closest in meaning to the underlined one. Mark the corresponding letter on your Answer Sheet.Section BDirections: There are 10 sentences in this section. There are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D under each of the following sentences. Choose the one word or phrase that best completes the sentence. Mark the corresponding letter on your Answer Sheet.Part II. Cloze Test (10 points )Directions: For each numbered blank in the following passage, there are four choices marked A, B, C, and D. Choose the best one and mark your answer on your Answer Sheet.Part III. Reading Comprehension (40 points )Section A (30 points, 1.5 point each)Directions: In this part of the test, there are four short passages for you to read. Read each passage carefully, and then do the questions that follow. Choose the best answer A, B, C, or D and mark the corresponding letter on your Answer Sheet.Passage 1Passage 2Passage 3Passage 4Section B (10 points, 2 points each)Passage 5Directions: Read the following passage carefully and then paraphrase the numbered and underlined parts. (“Paraphrase〞means to explain the meaning in your own English.)Part IV Translation (20 points)Section ADirections: Translate the following paragraph into Chinese:Section BDirections: Translate the following paragraph into English:Part V Writing (20 points)Directions: Write a composition of about 200 words on the topic “。