英语定语从句要点面面观

英语定语从句要点面面观定义：定语从句是又称形容词性从句,在句子中起定语作用,修饰一个名词或代词,有时也可修饰一个句子。

先行词：受定语从句修饰的词叫先行词。

位置：定语从句一般都紧跟在它所修饰名词后面，关系词：who, which, that, whom, whose, when, where, why, as定语从句要点：一、关系词的替代作用。

⑴关联词代替先行词在定语从句中充当句子成分，所以定语从句中再不能用代词来指代先行词。

⑵定语从句中谓语应与先行词保持一致。

1. The pen that/which I write with it is from one of my best friends.2. I, _____ your close friend, will try my best to help you out.A. who isB. who amC. that isD. what is3.She is the only one of the girls _____ as leader.A. who has been chosenB. who have been chosenC. whom they have chosen her D . have been chosen4.Tom is one of the boys _____ interested in doing chemical experiments.二、关系词的选择。

⑴判断先行词是人或物；是时间或地点；是way或reason。

⑵解定语从句的核心是判断关系词代替先行词在定语从句中充当的句子成分。

This is the factory __________ is not far from my house.This is the factory _________ we visited last year.This is the factory _________ he worked two years ago.This is the factory __________ products sell well.This is the factory _________ we are interested.三、that和which 指物是的区别。

一般可以互换使用，但在下列情况下，只能用that.1.先行词为all, everything, nothing, something,anything, little,much等不定代词时。

例句：I am sure she has something (that) you can borrow.2.先行词被all, every, no, some, any, little, much等修饰时。

例句：I’ve read all the books that are not mine.3.先行词被序数词或最高级修饰时。

例句: This is the first book (that) he has read.4.先行词被the only, the very, the same, the last修饰时。

例句：This is the very book that belongs to him.5.当先行词即有人又有物的时候。

例句：The man and his little dog that we always see will not pass here today。

6.当句中已有who, which时，为避免重复.例句：Who is the man that is talking to john?Which group is the one that won the gold medal?that 与which 的区别当先行词指物时，一般情况下that , which 都可以用，但是二者并不是全部通用，这就要求我们同学们要明确在什么情况下只能用that ，在什么情况下只能用which。

1．定语从句中的关系代词只能用that，不能用which，常见的有如下几种情况：①. 被修饰的先行词为不定代词，如all, something, everything, anything, nothing, none, the one 等。

如：Do you mean the one that was bought yesterday?②. 先行词被only, any, few, little, no, one of, just等词修饰时。

如：That's the very word that is wrongly used.③. 先行词是最高级或被最高级修饰时。

如：It was the largest map that I ever saw.④. 先行词既有人又有物时，关系代词应用that。

如：The writer and his novel that you have just talked about are really well-known.⑤. 主句是以who或which开头的疑问句时。

如：Who is the man that is speaking over there?2．定语从句中的关系代词只能用which，不能用that ，常见的有如下几种情况：①介词＋关系代词结构中，例如：This is the house of which the window face south.②先行词是that, those 时，引导词用which。

例如：What’s that which was bright in the car?③一个句子有两个定语从句时，为避免重复，一个用that，另一个用which。

例如：Let me show you the novel that I borrowed from the library which was nearly to open to us . —Do you have anything to say for yourselves?—Y es，there's one point_____ we must insist on.(NMET2006江西卷)A．why B．where C．how D．/Do you still remember the chicken farm ________ we visited three months ago?A. whereB. whenC. thatD. what解析：例1答案为D。

有一点（point）我们必须要坚持的。

先行词point 在定语从句中作宾语。

关系代词that 省略，故答案为D。

例2答案为C。

在这个定语从句中，先行词是chicken farm ，that 作宾语。

故答案为C。

定语从句中的关系代词只能whom，不能用who，常见的有一种情况：介词＋关系代词结构中，则只可以用whom ,不能用who，例如：He is the person to whom we can turn help.Women drink more than two cups of coffee a day have a greater chance of having heart disease than those don’t.A. who; 不填B. 不填; whoC. who; whoD. 不填; 不填解析：答案为C。

第一空先行词women 在从句中作主语，要选用who；第二空先行词those 也是在后面的定语从句中作主语，选用who，故答案为C。

关系代词whose 的用法：1．whose 既可以指代“……人的”，也可以指代“……物的”，并且还要在定语从句中作定语，例如：His parents wouldn’t let him marry anyone whose family was poor.2．whose 可与其表示所属关系的of whom/ of which 相互转换。

例如：Our English teacher lives in the house the windows of which face to the north.Look out ! Don' t get too close to the house __________ roof is under repair.A. whoseB. whichC. of whichD. that解析：答案为A。

小心！不要靠近那座房子，它的屋顶正在修理之中。

关系代词whose 在定语从句中作roof的定语，先行词是house。

关系代词as的用法：1．当the same 与名词连用时，通常用as 引导定语从句，例如：I had the same difficulty that you had last year.注意：区分the same...as和the same...that两个定语从句。

前者表示"与……同样的",不是同一个;而后者表示"同一个,就是那个"。

例如:This is the same pen as I lost last week.这同我上周丢失的那枝钢笔一样。

(但不是同一支)This is the same pen that I lost last week.这就是我上周丢失的那枝钢笔。

2．用于固定搭配，当先行词与as, so, such, so 连用时，例如：Y ou can wait for me at the same place as we did.As many people as were present stood for the plan.关系代词作主语单复数的问题当引导定语从句的关系代词作主语时，那么定语从句中的谓语动词要注意数的形式应与先行词保持一致，这时要注意the (only ) one of + 复数名词+ 关系代词+ 单数动词，例如：Those who have finished may go home.I am the only one who has been accepted the invitation to the party.He is the only one of the students who ______ a winner of scholarship for three years. A. is B. are C. have been D. has been解析：答案为D。

the only one of the students 中的先行词是the only one，定语从句中的谓语动词要用单数形式。