project hand book Chinese Version

河西区2024-2025学年度第一学期高三年级期中质量调查英语试卷第Ⅰ卷（选择题，共95分）第一部分英语知识运用（共两节；满分45分）第一节单项填空（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）1. —I’m thinking about learning a new instrument, but I’m a bit worried. I’m too old.—You’re never too old to learn something new. ________A. You are joking.B. Don’t mention it.C. Please yourself!D. Go for it!2. —What’s that noise?—Oh, I forget to tell you. The new machine ________.A. is testingB. was being testedC. is being testedD. has been tested3. Our goal is to maximize our ________ for personal growth.A. potentialB. bonusC. obstacleD. shadow4. —Where is Peter? I can’t find him anywhere.—He went to the library after breakfast and ________ his essay there ever since.A. wroteB. had writtenC. has been writingD. is writing5. Our special thanks go to thousands of volunteers, without ________ tireless work, none of these achievements would be possible.A. whichB. whomC. whoseD. that6. —Do you mind closing the door?—________.A. Don’t mention itB. I don’t like itC. Not in the leastD. Never mind7. We are pleased to see the suggestion ________ in many schools to help free students from the heavy schoolwork.A. adoptedB. adoptingC. adoptD. to adopt8. The workers are determined to go through with their railway project, ________ the expenses have risen.A. as long asB. even thoughC. now thatD. as though9. I am ________ to ask for anything specific, because I feel like I will be asking for trouble.A. passionateB. complexC. reluctantD. innocent10. Many Chinese parents are willing to spend money on camp education and study tours for their children, ________ the industry a booming market with great potential.A. to makeB. makingC. having madeD. made11. ________she couldn’t understand, was ________ fewer and fewer students showed interest in her lessons.A. What; whyB. That; whatC. What; becauseD. Why; that12. Let’s not just ________ the idea before we’ve even thought about it.A. retreatB. submitC. suspendD. dismiss13. Having experienced all kinds of hardships, he ________ reached his destination.A. unfortunatelyB. ultimatelyC. generallyD. purposefully14. We have no doubt that if the students’ interest in the subject is aroused, they will the ________ challenge and commit more of their time and energy to their studies.A. face up toB. keep pace withC. put up withD. live up to15. George ________ too far. His coffee is still warm.A. must have goneB. might have goneC. can’t have goneD. needn’t have gone第二节完形填空（共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分）阅读下面短文，掌握大意，然后从A、B、C、D中，选出最佳选项。

2021年钱学森的英文简介钱学森简介Qian Xuesen (1911、12、11-en formula, At the age of twenty-eight became a world-renowned aerodynist.In 1939, he received a doctorate in aviation from the California xxtitute of Technology. In 1943, he was an assistant professor at the California xxtitute of Technology. In 1945, he was an associate professor at the California xxtitute of Technology. In 1947, he was a professor at the Massachusetts xxtitute of Technology.In 1947, married in Shanghai and Jiang Ying. In 1949, he was the director and professor of the Jet Propulsion Center of the California xxtitute of Technology. In 1953, Qian Xuesen formally put forward the concept of physical mechanics, advocated from the micro-law of matter to determine its macro-mechanical characteristics, opened up a new field of high temperature and pressure. In 1954, Engineering Cyberics published in English, the Russian version of the book, German version, the Chinese version was in 1956, 1957, published in 1958、In 1958 he was the director of modern mechanics department of China University of Science and Technology.Was detained1949When the news of the birth of the People;s Republic of China came to the United States, Qian Xuesen and his wife Jiang Ying will discuss the early return to the motherland, for their own national effectiveness. At this time the United States, led by McCarthy to the munists to conduct a prehensive tracing, and set off in the United States to drive an employee loyal to the US government;s frenzy. Qian Xuesen was suspected of being a munist and refused to expose his friends, by the US military department suddenly revoked the certificate to participate in confidential research. Qian Xuesen very angry, as a reason to return home.In 1950, when Qian was ready to return home, he was stopped by US officials and imprisoned in prison. Dan A. Kimball, then chief of the US Navy, claimed that Qian Xuesen, wherever he went, On the five divisions of the troops. Since then, Qian Xuesen was persecuted by the US government, but also lost valuable freedom, he lost about 30 pounds a month or so. The immigration department copied his home and detained him for 14 days on the island of Tennessee until he received the $ 15,000 huge bail sent by the California xxtitute of Technology. Later, the customs confiscated his luggage, including 800 kilograms ofbooks and notebooks. The US prosecutor once again examined all of his material before proving that he was innocent.Hard to returnIn the early 1950sQian Xuesen news of persecution in the United States soon spread to China, Chinese science and technology friends through a variety of ways to support Qian Xuesen. The CPC Central mittee is extremely concerned about the situation of the United States in the United States, the Chinese government issued a statement publicly condemned the US government in violation of their wishes in the case of imprisonment of Qian Xuesen.In 1954, a chance, he saw in the newspaper Chen Shutong standing on the tower of Tiananmen Square, the identity of the National People;s Congress Standing mittee vice chairman, he decided to give the father of a good friend to write for help. While Premier Zhou Enlai was very anous for this time, when he was vice chairman of the Standing mittee of the National People;s Congress Chen Shutong received a letter sent from the other side of the ocean. He opened a look, signed Qian Xuesen, the original is to ask the motherland government to help him return home.In April 1954, the five countries of the United States andBritain and the Soviet Union held an international conference to discuss and resolve the DPRK issue and to restore peace in Indochina in Geneva. Zhou Enlai, head of the Chinese delegation attending the meeting, was reminded that a group of foreign students and scientists in China were detained in the United States and xxtructed the Americans that if the British diplomats had been able to clear the relationship with us, we should seize this opportunity and open up new Contact channel.Wang Bingnan, secretary general of the Chinese delegation, began his preliminary talks with the United States and Vice-Premier of the United States on June 5, 1954、 The United States has submitted a list of some US military personnel in the United States in China and detained by China, asking China to give them the opportunity to return home. In order to express China;s sincerity, Zhou Enlai xxtructed Wang Bingnan to make concessions in the third meeting of China and the United States held on June 15, 1954, and also asked the United States to stop the detention of Chinese students such as Qian Xuesen.However, the legitimate demands of the Chinese side were unreasonably rejected by the US side. July 21, 1954, the Geneva meeting closed. In order not to interrupt the munication channel, Zhou Enlai xxtructed Wang Bingnan and the UnitedStates to agree that since July 22, 1954, the consular level talks in Geneva. In order to further express China;s sincerity towards Sino-US talks, China released four seized US pilots.China;s concessions, and ultimately to fight for the United States and other scientists to return to the United States as soon as possible, but in this critical issue, the United States on behalf of Johnson or China can not get money to learn the real reason to return, that is not let go.In 1955, after the continuous efforts of Premier Chou En-lai in his diplomatic negotiations with the United States - even including the release of 11 US pilots captured in the Korean War as an exchange. On August 4, 1955, Qian Xuesen received the US immigration office to allow him Notice of return. September 17, 1955, Qian Xuesen return to the desire to finally be realized, this day Qian Xuesen carrying his wife Jiang Ying and a pair of young children, boarded the Cleveland President ship, set foot on the journey back to the motherland. October 1, 1955 morning, Qian Xuesen finally returned to his dream of the motherland, back to his hometown.After returning homeAfter returning, Zhou Enlai in all respects have given Qian Xuesen cordial and meticulous care, his later years Qian Xuesenalso excitedly recalled a past: 1970, China;s first artificial satellite Dongfanghong launch on the eve of Premier Zhou Enlai convened the relevant Researchers in the Great Hall of the meeting, parting, Premier Zhou Enlai deliberately stopped Qian Xuesen: Qian Xuesen, you do not be too tired. Qian Xuesen often said to his people, the deepest impact on his life and help the largest two people, one is the founding Premier Zhou Enlai, one is his father-in-law Jiang Baili.In the same year, the State Council and the Central Military mission, according to his proposal, set up a leading body of missile and aviation science research, the Aviation Industry mittee, and appointed the State Council and the State Council to set up a report on the establishment of the national defense aviation industry. He is a member.In 1956 to participate in China;s first five years of scientific planning to determine, Qian Xuesen and Qian Weichang, Qian Sanqiang together, was Zhou Enlai called the Chinese science and technology sector, three money, Qian Xuesen ordered the formation of China;s first rocket, missile research xxtitute - Fifth xxtitute of Defense and served as the first president.In 1956, he served as director of the xxtitute of Mechanics,Chinese Academy of Sciences, researcher. Working in mechanics before and after 1972、 At the second plenary session of the Second National mittee of the CPPCC, he was elected as the second member of the CPPCC National mittee.In 1957, at the Qian Xuesen initiative, the Chinese Society of Mechanics was established, Qian Xuesen was unanimously elected as the first chairman. On February 18, Premier Chou En-lai signed an order to appoint Qian Xuesen as the first president of the Fifth Research xxtitute of the Ministry of Defense. On November 16, Premier Chou En-lai appointed Qian Xuesen as the president of the Fifth Research xxtitute of the Ministry of Defense. In the same year, Qian Xuesen;s Engineering Cyberics won the first prize of the Natural Science Award of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and was elected by the Chinese Academy of Sciences. In June 1957, the Preparatory mittee of the Chinese Society of Automation was established in Beijing, Qian Xuesen as chairman. In September the same year, the International Association for the establishment of the General Assembly remended Qian Xuesen as the first IFAC Council executive director.In 1958, in order to cultivate talents for the two-player project, Qian Xuesen was founded by the University of Scienceand Technology of China at the request of the establishment of the Star Trek Academy. Qian Xuesen was the director of the Department of Modern Mechanics of China University of Science and Technology and became the founding of the University of Science and Technology of China One of the people. By Du Runsheng, Yang Gangyi introduced to join the munist Party of China.In 1959, he was elected as the representative of the Second National People;s Congress. And were elected as the third, fourth and fifth National People;s Congress representatives.September 19, 1959, Qian Xuesen made a special trip from Beijing to Shanghai from Xi;an to Xi;an Jiaotong University to visit the cus, visit teachers and students.In 1960, he served as vice president of the Fifth xxtitute of the Ministry of Defense, and no longer serve as president of the hospital branch. Since then, Qian Xuesen;s main duties have been deputy, by the fifth research xxtitute vice president, to the seventh deputy minister of the Ministry of Machinery Industry, and then to the National Defense Science and Technology mittee, deputy director, specializing in China;s national defense science and technology development of major technical problems.On November 15, 1960, under the guidance of Marshal Nie Rongzhen personally, he was appointed as the director of General Zhang Aiping, Sun Jian, Qian Xuesen and Wang Zheng as the deputy director of the trial mittee, successfully organized in China Jiuquan launch site of China;s first Flight test of the missile.In 1961, he was elected as the first president of the Chinese Society of Automation. In 1962, Physical mechanics lecture published. In 1963, Introduction to Star Wars published. In 1965, he served as Vice Minister of the Seventh Ministry of Machinery Industry (Missile Industry).October 27, 1966, Qian Xuesen to assist Nie Rongzhen marshal, in the Jiuquan launch site directly led the use of short-range missiles carrying atomic bomb two bombs bined flight experiment, a plete success. In 1968, he served as Dean of the Fifth Research xxtitute of the Chinese People;s Liberation Army (today;s China xxtitute of Space Technology).In 1969, he was elected as the representative of the Ninth National Congress of the munist Party of China and alternate member of the Ninth Central mittee. And have been elected as the tenth, eleven, twelve, thirteen, fourteen, fifteen national congress representatives, tenth, eleven, twelveCentral mittee alternate members.In 1970, he served as deputy director of the National Defense Science and Technology mittee, and no longer concurrently the Fifth People;s Liberation Army Research xxtitute.In 1979, in the United States formally established diplomatic relations, by the United States California xxtitute of Technology Distinguished Alumni Award (Distinguished Alumni Award). But Qian Xuesen did not go to the United States to accept this honor.In xx, he was elected Vice Chairman of the First National mittee of the Chinese Association for Science and Technology. In xx, he was elected Chairman of the Third National mittee of the Chinese Association for Science and Technology.In 19xx, he served as deputy director of the Science and Technology mittee of the National Defense Science and Technology Industry mittee. Was elected honorary chairman of the Chinese Society of Mechanics. He is the Dean of the Fifth Research xxtitute of the Ministry of National Defense, and is also the dean of the branch of the hospital (today;s China Launch Vehicle Technology xxtitute). On System Engineering published in xx, on the system engineering (updated version)published.In xx, at the fifth session of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (academician) General Assembly, was elected to the Chinese Academy of Sciences presidium executive chairman. In xx, at the sixth session of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (academician), he was hired as honorary chairman of the Chinese Academy of Sciences.In xx, Qian Xuesen;s contribution to China;s strategic missile technology, as the first prize winner and Tu Shouying, Yao Tongbin, Hao Fujian, Liang Shili, Zhuang Fenggan, Li Xu and other national science and technology progress award.In xx, at the Fourth Plenary Session of the Sixth National mittee of the Chinese People;s Political Consultative Conference (CPPCC), he was elected Vice Chairman of the Sixth National mittee of the Chinese People;s Political Consultative Conference (CPPCC) and elected as vice chairman of the seventh and eighth National mittee of the CPPCC.In xx, was hired as the National Defense Science and Technology Industry mittee of Science and Technology mittee senior adviser. Scientific and Systems Engineering of Socialist Modernization published. May 3, xx, served as honorary chairman of the Chinese Academy of Human Sciences.In xx, concurrently served as director of the seventh session of the National mittee of Science and Technology mittee. Won the (xx) National Science and Technology Progress Award. About Thinking Science published. In xx, on human science published. The creation of human science, human science and modern science and technology development perspective and on human science and modern science and technology were published in xx, xx, xx、In xx, he was awarded the title of WF Little Rockwell Medal, World-Class Science and Engineering Celebrity and Honorary Member of the International xxtitute of Science and Technology awarded by the International Technology and Technology Exchange Conference and the International xxtitute of Science and Technology. medal. Qian Xuesen Collection (1938 ~ 1956) published.In xx, at the first plenary session of the Fourth National mittee of the Chinese Association for Science and Technology, he was awarded the honorary title of the Chinese Association for Science and Technology. Was elected honorary chairman of the China Aerodynamics Society (xx renamed the China Aerodynamics Society). Was elected honorary chairman of the China Society of Systems Engineering.In xx, at the first academician conference of the Chinese Academy of Engineering, he was elected as a member of the Chinese Academy of Engineering. On the Geography Science published. Urban Science and Landscape City published.In xx, he was awarded the first (xx) He Liang He Li Fund Excellence Award (later renamed the He Liang He Li Foundation Science and Technology Achievement Award) issued by He Liang He Li Fund.In xx, approved by the Propaganda Department of the CPC Central mittee, the Xi;an Jiaotong University Library named Qian Xuesen library, when he was chairman Jiang Zemin xxcribed the name of the museum.In xx, was hired as the PLA General Armament Department of Science and Technology mittee senior adviser. In the ninth Academy of Chinese Academy of Sciences Conference and the Chinese Academy of Engineering at the fourth academician conference, was awarded the Chinese Academy of Sciences senior academician Chinese Academy of Engineering senior academician title.In xx, the CPC Central mittee, the State Council, the Central Military mission awarded the two bombs and one satellite meritorious service medal.In ixth industrial revolution munications set, create the system published. xx, xx and xx Jiang Zemin had three times to Qian Xuesen home to visit him.On the 90th birthday of xx, Prof. Frank E. Marble, a friend of the United States in the United States, was missioned by D.Baltimore, president of the California xxtitute of Technology, and made a special trip to Beijing to award the award and medal of the Outstanding Alumni Award to Qian Xuesen and elected to the China Aerospace Society Honorary chairman.December 11, xx 90 birthday, Qian Xuesen alma mater Shanghai Jiaotong University xxcription: I hope all the teachers and students of Shanghai Jiaotong University to inherit and carry forward the fine tradition of his alma mater, love the motherland, advocating science, the pursuit of truth, to serve the people, The first century, and strive to Shanghai Jiaotong University into a world-class university. Qian Xuesen has always been his alma mater, fully carry forward the Jiaotong University drinking water source of the glorious tradition.October 31, xx Beijing time at 8:6 am, Qian Xuesen died in Beijing, at the age of 98 years old.。

A Report on the Translation of The End of Advertising:Why It Had to Die,and theCreative Resurrection to Come(Chapter3)ByZhang ChaoA Thesis Submitted to the Graduate Schoolof Sichuan International Studies UniversityIn Partial Fulfillment of the Requirementsfor the Degree ofMaster of Translation and InterpretingUnder the Supervision of Associate Professor Zhong YiMay2018《广告的终结：必死之因、重生之道》（第三章节选）翻译报告摘要本篇翻译报告原文节选自安德鲁•埃瑟斯（Andrew Essex）所著的《广告的终结：为何必然会终结、如何创新为新生》(The End of Advertising:Why It Had to Die,and the Creative Resurrection to Come)。

该书于2017年Spiegel&Grau杂志社出版，探讨了广告未来发展的新形式和趋势。

根纽马克理论，原文主要为信息型文本。

译者选取本书第三章为翻译报告原文，以纽马克的交际翻译理论为指导，注重目的语读者的理解与反应，努力使目标语摆脱原文语言形式的桎梏，旨在打造简明、流畅、忠实的译文。

本篇报告包括五章：第一章详述了选择第三章作为翻译文本的原因，以及翻译项目的背景和意义；第二章介绍了原文的作者及主要内容，并分析了原文；第三章介绍了报告中翻译指导理论——交际翻译理论，它指导译者在翻译中必须以目的语读者为导向，让目的语读者和原文读者产生相近的理解反应；第四章中是从交际翻译的角度出发，对翻译中存在的难点和重点如专业术语、修辞手法、长难句进行解读，并提出了对应的解决方法；最后一章为结论，总结翻译项目中所得的经验、亮点和不足之处。

2023-2024学年山东省潍坊寿光市英语高三上期末考试试题注意事项1．考试结束后，请将本试卷和答题卡一并交回．2．答题前，请务必将自己的姓名、准考证号用0．5毫米黑色墨水的签字笔填写在试卷及答题卡的规定位置．3．请认真核对监考员在答题卡上所粘贴的条形码上的姓名、准考证号与本人是否相符．4．作答选择题，必须用2B铅笔将答题卡上对应选项的方框涂满、涂黑；如需改动，请用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案．作答非选择题，必须用05毫米黑色墨水的签字笔在答题卡上的指定位置作答，在其他位置作答一律无效．5．如需作图，须用2B铅笔绘、写清楚，线条、符号等须加黑、加粗．第一部分（共20小题，每小题1.5分，满分30分）1．Dream of the Red Chamber is believed to be semi-autobiographical, _______the fortunes of Cao’s own family.A．mirrored B．to mirrorC．mirroring D．mirror2．You can use a large plastics bottle, _________ cut off, as a plot to grow flowers in. A．with its top B．the top of whichC．whose top D．its top is3．You can get off the bus one or two stops ________ and walk the rest of the way to work every day so as to take some exercise.A．more early B．earliest C．early D．earlier4．The affairs of each country should be by its own people.A．elected B．settledC．developed D．contained5．______to work overtime that evening,I missed a wonderful film.A．Having been asked B．To askC．Having asked D．To be asked6．It gives us great delight ______ Chinese science fictions are becoming increasingly popular.A．how B．whatC．that D．why7．Having battled with their _______ over whether to offer help to an aged man or woman who has fallen over, most people choose to help.A．compromise B．contradictionC．conscience D．competence8．______ a book in front of your face, you’ll feel the air moving against your face. A．Waved B．WaveC．To wave D．Waving9．They came back from their long walk and went into bed, .A．tiredly but relaxing B．tired but relaxingC．tiredly but relaxed D．tired but relaxed10．Premier Li Keqiang officially ______ the plan to develop the Bay Area in his government work report delivered at the start of the National People’s Congress session in March.A．laid out B．laid offC．laid down D．laid up11．The man was in a ________ condition with severe injuries to his legs after being attacked by a shark in far north Queensland.A．skeptical B．criticalC．practical D．physical12．Up till now, there has been no scientific evidence about ________ caused the death of dinosaurs.A．what is it that B．what it was that C．it was what D．what is it13．There are a lot of signs men are more likely to have heart attacks than women.A．indicate B．to indicate C．indicated D．indicating 14．________ on February 5, 2019, the Wandering Earth soon became a great hit. A．Releasing B．Being releasedC．Released D．To release15．—I have been considering cancelling the project because it seems hard to go farther. —But it's too early to________ now. There's still much hope.A．pick up the pieces B．throw in the towelC．go through your paces D．jump down your throat16．—Sorry, Mum! I failed the job interview again.—Oh, it's too bad. You________ have made full preparations.A．must B．can C．would D．should17．Police have found ________ appears to be the lost ancient statue.A．which B．where C．how D．what18．In the students’ eyes, Mrs Smith is a mother more than a teacher. she treats the students just like her own children.A．As a result B．In other words C．What is more D．First of all 19．The government is to _____ the technologies to the full in the structuraltransformation of the economy.A．adapt B．exposeC．exploit D．attach20．The draft regulation on the online protection of minors, ________ for public opinions by the cyberspace authorities, has drawn wide public concern.A．releasing B．having releasedC．to release D．released第二部分阅读理解（满分40分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。

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专题03 有提示词之动词时态、语态和主谓一致养成良好的答题习惯，是决定高考英语成败的决定性因素之一。

做题前，要认真阅读题目要求、题干和选项，并对答案内容作出合理预测;答题时，切忌跟着感觉走，最好按照题目序号来做，不会的或存在疑问的，要做好标记，要善于发现，找到题目的题眼所在，规范答题，书写工整;答题完毕时，要认真检查，查漏补缺，纠正错误。

目录考点归纳 (1)考点01 动词时态 (1)考点02 动词语态 (3)考点03 主谓一致 (5)高考练场 (6)考点01 动词时态 (6)考点02 动词语态 (7)考点03 主谓一致 (8)考点归纳考点01动词时态【考点诠释】英语时态总计有16种，但常常考查的时态只有五、六种：包括一般现在时、一般过去时、现在完成时、过去完成时、现在进行时、过去进行时，一般将来时等等。

单独考查时态的题型也不多，时态经常和语态、主谓一致同时考查，这样就增加了考试的难度。

另外，学生也要重点注意一般过去时和现在完成时、一般过去时和过去完成时的区别，还要注意一般现在时、现在进行时表将来的情况。

无论如何，在判断句子的时态时一定要看准时间状语和表示时间概念的副词（短语），这些都是判断的关键所在。

一般过去时态和现在完成时的区别：①现在完成时是表示过去的动作与现在的联系，主要说明的是现在的情况和状态；而一般过去时则强调动作发生在过去某一时间，与现在不发生联系。

①现在完成时表示从过去发生一直持续到现在（包括现在）的某个动作或状态，与现在有关的时间状语连用，一般过去时表示过去某一特定（与现在无关）的时间，与具体的表示过去的时间状语连用。

过去完成时与现在完成时的区别：现在完成时表示的动作发生在过去，以现在的时间为基点，但侧重对现在产生的结果或造成的影响，与现在有关，其结构为”助动词have (has) + 过去分词”；过去完成时则是一个相对的时态，已过去时间为基点，它所表示的动作不仅发生在过去，更强调”过去的过去”，只有和过去某时或某动作相比较时，才用到它。

1语言类syllable 音节 alphabet 字母ambiguity 语言中的歧异现象pronunciation 发音Cantonese 广东话 vowel 元音consonant 辅音 tone 声调tone language 声调语言 rhyme 韵律rhyme 押韵 rhythm 节奏intonation 语调 speech of sound 语音lexicon 词汇 grammar 语法word-building/-formation 构词法 morphological change 形态变化 morpheme 语素 vocal cords 声带organs of s p e e ch 发音器官 respiratory organs 呼吸器官 phonetic alphabet 音标Chinese Phonetic Alphabet 汉语拼音phoneme 音位 attribute 属性articulation oracle 发音 bone inscriptions 甲骨文stroke 笔画 character component 部首ideograph 表意文字pictograph 象形文字notional word 实词 noun 名词verb 动词 adjective 形容词adverb 副词 pronoun 代词function word 虚词 conjunction 连词mood word 语气词 preposition 介词interjection 叹词 auxiliary word 助词modal verb 情态动词 subject 主语object 宾语attribute 定语complement 补语predicate 谓语predicative 表语adverbial 状语modifier 修饰语 synonym 同义词antonym 反义词 word g roup 词组tense 时态 proper noun 专有名词register 专业术语 context 语境ending 词尾 suffix 后缀infix 前缀original meaning 本义basic meaning 基本义 extended meaning 引申义set phrase / idiom 成语 dialect 方言Syntax 句法学 Semantics 语义学Pragmatics 语用学 Applied linguistics 应用语言学arbitrary / arbitrariness 任意性 productivit 能产性duality 二重性 displacement 移位性creativity 创造性 soft palate 软腭hard p alate 硬腭teeth ridge 齿龈air stream 气流stre s s重音annotate 注音v r o o t 词根stem 词干 word o rder 词序Saussure 索绪尔 language 言语活动parole 言语 langue 语言competence 语言能力 performance 言语行为isolating language 孤立语a g g lutinative language 黏着语 inflectional language 屈折语folklore 民俗学character 字 word 词sentence 句子 note 注释exercise 练习 assignment 作业the rule of writing 书写规则 passage 短文speech tempo 语速 courseware 课件teaching objective教学目标 teaching procedure 教学步骤 placement test分班考试interlanguage 中介语contrastive analysis 对比分析 Error analysis 偏误分析positive transfe 正迁移 r negative transfer 负迁移Language Acquisition 语言习得 Target L a nguage 目的语Second Language 第二语言 Structuralism 结构主义Behaviorism 行为主义speech act theory 言语行为理论principle of conversation 会话原则 maxim 准则conversational implication 会话含义widening of meaning 意义扩大narrowing of meaning 意义缩小meaning shift 意义改变LAD=Language acquisition device 语言习得装置2文学类method of creation 创作方法essential features 基本特征world outlook 世界观 literary style 文学风格emotional feeling 思想感情 Realism 现实主义Romanticism 浪漫主义 Classicism 古典主义literary appreciation appreciation of literature 文学鉴赏literary criticism 文学批评 literary theory文学理论schools of literature 文学流派 linguistic arts 语言艺术literary works 文学作品 narrative poetry 叙事诗lyric poetry抒情诗 essay 杂文fiction 小说 novel 长篇小说medium-length novel 中篇小说 short story短篇小说poetry 诗歌 prose 散文drama 戏剧 tragedy 悲剧comedy 喜剧 solemn drama 正剧严肃剧stage play 话剧 literary script 文学剧本montage 蒙太奇 contemporary 当代文学literary heritage 文化遗产 publication 出版regulation 调节intellectual 知识分子educational background 学历definition 定义corresponding 对应的creative consciousness 创新意识literary circle 文学界literary trend 文学潮流individual value 个人价值 Renai s s ance 文艺复兴Enlightenment 启蒙运动 humanism 人本主义heroism 英雄主义 sense of life 生命意识literary achievement 文学成就legend 传说imagination 想象力 human right 人权literary flavor 文学色彩technique of expression 表现手法supernatural power 超自然的力量epic 史诗strong will 坚强的意志keynote 基调historical play 历史剧plot 情节time 时间 site 地点theme 主题distinctive image 鲜明的形象 character 性格characteristic 特征aesthetic value 美学价值exaggeration 夸张contrast 对比 folk literature 民间文学social status 社会地位Sinology 汉学religion 宗教信仰 worship 崇拜Taoism 道教 Confucius 孔子Confucian 儒家的 superstition 迷信mythology 神话emperor 皇帝Y ellow Empero 黄帝 r hierarchy 等级制度taboo 禁忌 filial duty 孝顺annals 编年史 dynastic history 断代史dynasty 朝代 title 片名original version 原著National Day 国庆节Mid-Autumn Day/Festival 中秋节Spring Festival 春节 Lantern Festival 元宵节Children ’s Day 儿童节 Dragon Boat Festival 端午节5 中国独特的传统饮食wonton 馄饨 guotie fried jiaozi 锅贴steamed twisted rolls 花卷set meal 套餐box lunch; Chinese take-away 盒饭 dialogue 对白subtitle 字幕 take 镜头clip 片段 picture 画面speciality / major 专业 calligraphy 书法vbe in rhyme 押韵 category范畴3名著Outlaws of the Marsh 〈水浒传〉The Dream o f Red C hamber 〈红楼梦〉Three Kingdoms 〈三国演义〉 The Journey theWest 〈西游记〉Zhao’s Orphan 元曲〈赵氏孤儿〉Chinese Orphan 〈中国孤儿〉伏尔泰The Analects of Confucius 〈论语〉The Book of Songs 〈诗经〉 Mencius 〈孟子〉4中华民族的喜庆节日Wo m e n’s Day妇女节Wate r-Sp lashing Day泼水节Te ach e rs’Day教师节Y o u th Day 五四青年节rice tofu 米豆腐konjak tofu 魔芋豆腐 rice noodles 米粉a stick of sugar-coated haws or apples,etc. 冰糖葫芦6 中国新兴事物China Telecom 中国电信 China Mobile 中国移动the 10th Five-Y ear Plan 十五计划Chinanet 中国电脑联网the Three G orges Project 三峡工程Project Hope 希望工程fried rice noodles 炒米粉Fish ball soup 鱼丸汤 egg & vegetable soup 蛋花汤 0yster soup 牡蛎汤seaweed soup 紫菜汤sweet & sour soup 酸辣汤wonton soup 馄饨汤pork thick soup 肉羹汤 squid soup 鱿鱼汤tomatoes on sticks 糖葫芦longevity Peaches 长寿桃glutinous rice sesame balls 芝麻球hemp flowers 麻花plum j ui c e 酸梅汁 stinky tofu (Smelly tofu)臭豆腐 spicy hot bean curd 麻辣豆腐prawn cracker 虾片sh7 特有的一些汉语词汇Zen Buddhism 禅宗 dhyana; dhgaya 禅chaos 混沌Daosim, the way and its power 道 Four N oble Truth 四谛 Eightfold Path 八正道anity 无常Theory of Five Elements 五行说anatman 无我 metta or transcendental meditation 坐禅sunyata 空 nothingness 虚无8 国家机关名称National People' s Congre s s NPC 全国人民代表大会Presidium 主席团Standing C ommi t t ee 常务委员会General Office 办公厅Secretariat 秘书处Credentials Committee 代表资格审查委员会Motions Examination Committee 提案审查委员会Ethnic Affairs Committee 民族委员会Law Committee 法律委员会Finance and Economy Committee 财政经济委员会rimp balls 虾球 spring rolls 春卷paper 宣纸 yamen 衙门kowtow 叩头 Confucius 孔子pailou ；pai-loo 牌楼 wushuChinese Martial Arts 武术 kungfu ；kung fu 功夫the way of medium cf. Golden Means 中庸harmony zhonghe中和to show filial obedience 孝顺 dutiful son 孝子 family head 家长three cardinal ：三纲 five constant virtues: 五常guides: ruler guides subject, father guides son husband guides wife 君为臣纲，父为子纲，夫为妻纲benevolence humanity , righteousness, propriety,wisdom and fidelity仁、义、理、智、信 eight-legged e ssays 八股文raising sons to support one in one ’s养儿防老The m ore sons/children, the more 多子多福Longxu Ditch 龙须沟 model opera 样板戏The Mine Warfare 地雷战Drunkened Concubine 贵妃醉酒State Administration for Entry-Exit Inspection and Quarantine under the General Administration of Customs 国家出入境检验检疫局海关总署9 中国传统文化事物Farewell to M y Concubine 霸王别姬Tears of Huangshan 荒山泪Gathering of Heroes 群英会East Wind 借东风General and P remier Make Up 将相和The Story o f Pipa 琵琶记Women General of Y ang F amily 杨门女将Flower DrumDance 凤阳花鼓 Home in t he Sea 大海啊，故乡My Chinese Heart 我的中国心Night at the Naval Port 军港之夜Winter Fire 冬天里的一把火Peony Pavilion 牡丹亭Ambush from All Sides 十面埋伏（古曲）Goddess Marriage 天仙配Moon and Flower in the Spring River 春江花月夜Lasting W ords to Awaken the World 醒世恒言Butterfly Love 梁祝（小提琴协奏曲） Ordinary Words to W arn the W orld 警世通言Clear Words to Illustrate the World 喻世明言T h ree V olumes of Words ，Two V olumes of Slapping “三言”、“二拍”Surprise Stories to Make One Slapthe Desk 拍案惊奇A Dream of Red Mansion/Chamber 红楼梦Water Margin 水浒Journey to the West 西游记Romance of the Three Kingdoms 三国演义Strange Tles from a Scholar's Studio 聊斋志异Palace of Eternal Life长生殿 The Peach Blossom Fan桃花扇 The Scholars儒林外史 Celebrating Mother's Birthday 五女拜寿Riverside Scene at Q ingming Festival 清明上河图Peking O pera 京剧Y u e Opera 越剧Chuan Opera 川剧The S hopof L in Family 林家铺子Garden of Respose 憩园（巴金作品集）Wild G ra s s野草（鲁迅作品集）Wandering 彷徨（鲁迅作品集） Chinese d escent 炎黄子孙 Old T ales Retold 故事新编（鲁迅作品集）five elements 五行Avalokitesvara 观音菩萨 Boddhisattva 菩萨mosque 清真寺 Taoist 道士monk 和尚 nun 尼姑arhat 罗汉the God o f Wealth 财神爷Door Gods 门神 the Jade Emperor 玉皇大帝King of Hell 阎王爷 Dragon King 龙王the Fire God 炉火神 the King of Medicine 药王 the Queen Mother of the West 王母娘娘Water Curtain Cave 水帘洞 the Great Sage Equalling Heaven 齐天大圣Buddhist scriptures 佛经Mountain of Flowers and Fruits 花果山 Handsome Monkey King 美猴王 golden cudgel 金箍棒seventy-two d ifferent forms 七十二般变化Patriarch Subhut 孙悟空的师父the Protector of t he Horses 弼马温Great White Planet 太白金星Mighty Miracle God 巨灵神Prince Ne Zha 哪吒三太子 the Immortality Peach Garden 蕃桃园Jade Pool 瑶池 Barefoot Immortal 赤脚大仙TrueL o rd E rlangzhenjun 二郎真君Eight Trigrams Furnace 八卦炉 Lord Lao Z i of the Great Monad 太上老君 metal 金Hall of Miraculous Mis灵t霄宝殿Four Heavenly Kings四大天王Five Elements Mountain 五行山 wood 木water 水第 10/14 页fire 火earth 土Heavenly King with a Pagoda in Hand 托塔李天王Dujiang Weir 都江堰the Eight Immortals 八仙Iron Crutch Li 铁拐李Han Zhongli 汉钟离Zhang Guolao 张果老 He Xiangu 何仙姑Lan Caihe 蓝采和 Han Xiangzi 韩湘子Cao Guojiu 曹国舅 Lu Dongbin 吕洞宾River Uncle 河伯 the Thunder God 雷公Chang'e 嫦娥Local God of the Land 土地神Granting Titles to Gods 封神榜 the Kitchen God 灶王爷China Telecom 中国电信 China Mobile 中国移动the 10th Five-Y ear Plan 十五计划Chinanet 中国电脑联网the Three Gorges Project 三峡工程Project Hope 希望工程Beijing CKowloon Railway 京九铁路Anti-Poverty Project 扶贫工程VegetableBasket Project 菜篮子工程Decent-L i fe Project 温饱工程Economy Housing Project 安居工程Porn-Purging C ampaign 扫黄Go-West Campaign 西部大开发trigram 八卦yin, yang 阴、阳 Dao(cf. logo) 道the jianghu World (the traits ’world) 江湖(世界) Daoism(Taoism) 道excessive internal heat 上火 Confucianism 儒学redology 红学(《红楼梦》研究 ) Shangri-la or Arcadia 世外桃源kaifang (Chinese openness to the outside world) 开放getting an equal share regardless of the work done 大锅饭scar literature or the literature of the wounded 伤痕文学no imposing uniformity on 不搞一刀切to shake off poverty; anti-poverty 脱贫to conform with the national conditions and the will of the people 合乎国情，顺乎民意imposition of arbitrary quotas and s ervice charge 乱摊派，乱收费 iron (lifetime) post’s; guaranteed leading post 铁交椅Order leads to prosperity and chaos to decline 治则兴，乱则衰第 11/14 页mural壁画Chinese traditional painting 国画ink and w ash painting 水墨画silk painting 绢画wooden graving 木刻画engraving 版画shell carving painting 贝雕画 new year picture 年画 pottery ware 陶器 jade article 玉器 china ware 瓷器 celadon 青瓷bronze ware 青铜器 cloisonn é enamel 景泰蓝lacquer ware 漆器 painted pottery 彩陶trio-colored glazed pottery of t he T ang Dynasty 唐三彩 ice carving 冰雕 jadecarving 玉雕 stone carving 石雕 bones carving 骨雕shell carving 贝雕 w o o d carving 木雕tr e e root carving 根雕porcelain carving 瓷器雕 ivory carving象牙雕painted sculpture 彩塑 dough figurine 画塑clay figure 泥人儿silk fan 绢扇sandal wood fan 檀香扇folding fan 折扇 pearl 珍珠 agate 玛瑙 coral 珊瑚green jade 翡翠 amber 琥珀 jade 玉embroidery 刺绣two-sided embroidery 双面秀 tapestry挂毯 batik 蜡染wickerwork 藤条制品pure silk 真丝cigarette holder 烟嘴 snuff bottle 鼻烟壶seal 图章po t ed l andscape 盆景 scr e e n 屏风 edans s 轿子 pinwheel 风车acrobatics 杂技magic 魔术shaking drum 拨浪鼓bamboo flute 竹苗 shadow puppet 皮影 sugar-molded 糖人courtyard homes 四合院 stilt walk 踩高跷 martial arts 武术rickshaw 人力车palace lantern 宫灯 finger-gue s s ing game 猜拳 monologue story-telling 说书time-honored 老字号 cross talk 相声pay a n ew year call 拜年firecracker 爆竹a s tring of small fire crackers 鞭炮 year-end household 大扫除 lantern riddles灯谜第 12/14 页temple fair 庙会new year ’s picture 年画to hang out new year ’s picture 挂年画family reunion dinner on lunar new year 年夜饭to stay awake a ll night 守岁glutinous cake for new year 年糕the first day of the first lunar month 大年初一eight-treasure rice p u d d ing 八宝饭 poetic couplets 对联to put up antithetical couplets 贴春联to p ut up w indow paper-cuts 糊窗花money given to children as a lunar new year gift 压岁钱 local opera 地方戏theatrical mask 戏剧脸谱male characters 生female characters 旦painted face characters 净 mi d d le-aged m ale characters 末 clown 丑 gunpowder 火药 compass 指南针paper-making techniques 造纸术 paper-printing techniques 印刷术 martial arts 武术 Qigong 气功to fight a challenge fight in an arena 打擂台to listen to historical or traditionalstoriesto play Chinese chess 下象棋to make special studies of calligraphy 练习书法to do traditional C hinese painting 画国画听评书to inscribe a poem 题诗to match an antithetical couplet 求对第 13/14 页近一季度见诸报端的中国现代特色词汇翻译grass-roots supervision 基层监督 base tariff level 基础税率 matrimonial agency 婚介所extramarital love 婚外恋 bride photo 婚纱摄 sho d d y co t on 黑心棉 machine scoring 机器阅卷scratch-open ticket/lottery 即开型奖券go all out for economic development 集中精力把经济建设搞上去public price hearings 价格听证会temporarily transfer 借调 Division A Soccer Team 甲 A 球队 household management service 家政服务ensure the correct orientation is maintained in public opinion 加强舆论监督accounting fraud 假帐challenge; pick a quarrel 叫板 use l ame arguments 矫情gradual Taiwan independence 渐进式台独Raise the proportion of the middle-income group. 扩大中等收入者比重expand domestic demand a nd consumption 扩大内需，刺激消费。