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E-commerce (electronic commerce or EC) is the buying and selling of goods and services on the Internet, especially the World Wide Web. In practice, this term and a newer term, e-business, are often used interchangably. For online retail selling, the term e-tailing is sometimes used.电子商务（电子商务或电子商务）是购买和出售的商品和服务在互联网，特别是万维网上的。
在实践中，这项和一个新的术语，电子商务，往往交替使用。
网上零售，电子零售的术语有时用。
E-tailing or The Virtual Storefront and the Virtual Mall网上或虚拟商店和虚拟商店As a place for direct retail shopping, with its 24-hour availability, a global reach, the ability to interact and provide custom information and ordering, and multimedia prospects, the Web is rapidly becoming a multibillion dollar source of revenue for the world's businesses. A number of businesses already report considerable success. As early as the middle of 1997, Dell Computers reported orders of a million dollars a day. By early 1999, projected e-commerce revenues for business were in the billions of dollars and the stocks of companies deemed most adept at e-commerce were skyrocketing. Although many so-called dotcom retailers disappeared in the economic shakeout of 2000, Web retailing at sites such as , , and continues to grow.作为一个直接的零售购物，其24小时供应，全球性的，互动的能力，并提供自定义信息和订购，和多媒体，网络正在迅速成为一个数十亿美元的收入来源，为全球的企业。
电子商务的英语怎么说电子商务是以信息网络技术为手段，以商品交换为中心的商务活动。
那么，你知道电子商务的英文怎么写吗?下面就让店铺来告诉你电子商务的英语的说法。
电子商务的英文释义the e-businessElectronic CommerceElectronic Commercial Affairs电子商务的英文例句从B2C电子商务发展策略角度可将其分为典型B2C电子商务、平台服务型电子商务和整合型B2C电子商务。
The development strategy of B2C e-commerce can be classified into the typical B2C e-commerce, platform service e-commerce and integrated B2C e-commerce.从电子商务的企业应用研究来看，介绍性内容多，电子商务局部应用研究多，如电子商务在采购过程中的应用、电子商务在客户关系管理中的应用等。
From the aspects of EC application introductory contents and partial applications researches like EC applications in terms of procurement and CRM are the majority.电子支付技术是电子商务中的核心技术，也是目前制约电子商务发展的一个根本性问题，移动电子商务也不例外。
Electronic Payment Technology is very important in electronic commerce aside m-commerce, which is a base problem that restricts the development ofm-commerce.信任缺乏已成为我国电子商务发展最大的障碍之一，如何建立和提高电子商务信任成为促进电子商务发展的关键。
电子商务英语试题及答案一、选择题（每题2分，共20分）1. What does "B2B" stand for in the context of e-commerce?A. Business to BusinessB. Business to ConsumerC. Consumer to ConsumerD. Business to Government答案：A2. Which of the following is NOT an advantage of online shopping?A. ConvenienceB. Cost-effectivenessC. Limited product selectionD. Time-saving答案：C3. The term "e-wallet" refers to:A. An electronic device used for making paymentsB. A physical wallet for carrying cashC. A software application for managing digital currenciesD. A secure online account for storing payment information答案：D4. What is the primary function of a shopping cart on an e-commerce website?A. To store products for future purchaseB. To display advertisementsC. To allow customers to add and remove items before checkoutD. To provide customer support答案：C5. Which of the following is a type of digital marketing strategy?A. Direct mailB. Social media marketingC. Print advertisingD. Radio commercials答案：B6. What does "SEO" stand for?A. Social Engine OptimizationB. Search Engine OptimizationC. Secure Electronic OrderingD. Systematic Electronic Organization答案：B7. In e-commerce, what is the purpose of a "cookie"?A. To store user preferences and track browsing behaviorB. To enhance the website's securityC. To provide customer service through chatbotsD. To encrypt sensitive data答案：A8. Which of the following is a common e-commerce payment gateway?A. PayPalB. FedExC. UPSD. DHL答案：A9. What is the acronym "API" used for in the context of e-commerce?A. Application Programming InterfaceB. Advanced Payment InterfaceC. Automated Product IntegrationD. Advanced Product Application答案：A10. What is the meaning of "EDI" in e-commerce?A. Electronic Data InterchangeB. Electronic Document InterfaceC. Electronic Device InterfaceD. Electronic Display Interface答案：A二、填空题（每空2分，共20分）11. The process of transferring funds from a buyer's bankaccount to a seller's bank account is known as ___________.答案：funds transfer12. A(n) ___________ is a document that provides proof of a transaction between a buyer and a seller.答案：invoice13. The term ___________ refers to the practice of collecting and analyzing data to understand and predict user behavior.答案：analytics14. When a customer places an order online, the process is often referred to as ___________.答案：checkout15. In e-commerce, ___________ is the process of verifying the identity of a user or system.答案：authentication16. ___________ is a method of payment that involves transferring money from a buyer's bank account directly to the seller's bank account.答案：Direct Debit17. The acronym "SSL" stands for ___________.答案：Secure Sockets Layer18. A(n) ___________ is a type of software that helps businesses manage their customer relationships.答案：CRM (Customer Relationship Management)19. ___________ is a type of e-commerce fraud where a customer provides false information to obtain goods or services.答案：chargeback20. The process of returning a product to a seller is known as ___________.答案：returns processing三、简答题（每题10分，共20分）21. What are the key components of an effective e-commerce website?答案：An effective e-commerce website typically includes user-friendly navigation, a clear and concise layout, secure payment options, a responsive design for mobile devices, product descriptions and images, customer reviews, and a reliable customer service system.22. Describe the role of customer service in e-commerce.答案：Customer service plays a crucial role in e-commerce by addressing customer inquiries, resolving issues, and providing support throughout the purchasing process. It helps build trust, improve customer satisfaction, and can influence repeat business and customer loyalty.四、论述题（每题15分，共30分）23. Discuss the importance of security in e-commerce and the measures that can be taken to protect customer data.答案：Security is paramount in e-commerce as it safeguards sensitive customer information and financial data. Measures to protect customer data include using encryptionfor data transmission, implementing secure payment gateways, employing firewalls and intrusion。
电子商务英语词汇1、电子商务 Electronic Commerce (E-commerce)2、电子邮件 E-mail3、电子数据交换 Electronic Data Interchange (EDI)4、电子公告板 Electronic Bulletin Board5、电子金融 Electronic Commerce, Electronic Finance6、电子咨询 Electronic Consulting7、电子签名 Electronic Signature8、电子安全 Electronic Security9、电子支付 Electronic Payment10、电子商务市场 E-commerce Marketplace11、网络营销 Online Marketing12、网络调查 Web Survey13、网络广告 Web Advertising14、网络贸易 Web Trading15、网络银行 Internet Banking16、网上商店 Online Store/Shop17、网络消费者 Web Consumer18、网络采购 Web Procurement19、网络数据 Web Data20、网络服务 Web Service商务英语的词汇特征商务英语，作为一种专门用途英语，与日常英语在词汇使用上有显著区别。
本文将详细探讨商务英语的词汇特征。
一、专业术语的使用商务英语中大量使用专业术语，这些术语具有高度的精确性和专业性。
例如，“国际贸易”（International Trade）、“股票市场”（Stock Market）、“供应链管理”（Supply Chain Management）等，这些词汇在其他类型的英语中可能较少使用或含义完全不同。
二、缩写和简写词的使用在商务英语中，常常使用缩写和简写词以提高沟通效率。
例如，“GDP”（国内生产总值）、“CEO”（首席执行官）、“FYI”（供参考）等。
二汉语意义1.电子商务程序e-business process2.在线营销online marketing3.万维网接口World-Wide-Web interface4.财务往来financial transaction5. 商务模式business model6.客户服务customer service7.解决争端dispute resolution8.客户关系管理customer relationship management9.电子兑帐与支付系统electronic billing and payment system10.运输单shipping document11.电子数据交换EDI12.企业内部互联网intranet13.企业外部网extranet14.企业与企业之间B2B15.最终客户final customer16.清关customs clearance17.企业与消费者之间B2C18.信用卡鉴别credit card verification19.市场领域market niche20.软件模块software module21. 准时生产制Just-In-Time(JIT)22.带宽bandwidth23.统一资源定位器URL24.电子现金DigiCash25.研究与开发D&G26.损益帐profit/loss statement27.现金周转；现金流量cash-flow28.资产负债表；资金平衡表balance sheet29.有利形势tangible benefit30.无利形势intangible benefit31.业务重组business reengineering32.全球市场global marketplace33.宽带技术broadband technology34.多媒体multi-media35.目标市场target-market36.在线订购on-line online37.网站Web site38.在线支付on-line payment39.网络服务器Web server40.形式发票；估价单pro forma41.经营单位business unit（BU）42.新经济new economy43.过程创新/流程再造business process re-engineering(BPR)44.分销渠道distribution channel45.最终用户end user46.客户关系管理47.企业对企业营销模式business-to-business(B2B)48.企业对客户模式business-to-customer(B2C)49.实体企业brick-and-mortar enterprise50.买进buy-in51.每股收益earnings per share52.市场份额market share53.净亏损net loss54.战略目标strategic objective55.折扣价格discounted price56.规划周期planning horizon57.整个企业范围的enterprisewide58.投资回报率return on investment59.市场分割market segmentation60.渠道效率图channel effectiveness chart61.自动再补给automatic replenishment62.通过邮购运作生意的方法mail-order operation63.当地商店定价local store pricing64.同类比较apples-to-apples comparison65.客户服务customer service66.商务自杀；生意自杀commercial suicide67.线上和线下/网上和网下/虚拟和现实online and offline68.及时的送货timely delivery69.现实生活中的商店brick-and-mortar business70.拖欠订货；延期交货Backorder71.总裁，首席执行官CEO(Chief Executive Officer)72.最佳价格保障best-price guarantee73.联合包裹快递公司UPS: United Parcel Service74.联邦快递公司Federal Express75.利润profit margin76.全国的商品目录national catalog77.邮购定价mail-order pricing78.产品回转product return79.保护隐私的措施privacy policy80.搜索引擎search engines81.线上信息/网络信息online information82.信息网information network83.站点访问量site traffic84.增长率growth rate85.顾客群customer base86.产品描述product description87.数据库database88.退货率return rate89.售后服务电话follow-up calls90.销售金额sales figures91.电子货币公司（网络银行）CyberCash92.网络公司online venture93.销售率sales tax94.最畅销的货品top seller95.邮购商cataloger96.产品系列product line97.多个服务器multiple servers98.首席技术官chief technology office(CTO)99.信息技术information technology(IT)100.销售预测sales projections100.市场营销marketing101.电子商务客户关系管理eCRM102.互联网技术Web technology103.顾客，客户client104.按顾客要求制作的软件customized software 105.解决方案solution106.客户信息customer information107.实地技术人员filed technician108.机器自动生成的报告automated reports109.顾客的购物喜好customers’buying preference110.IP地址IP address111.工作流程workflow112.虚拟专用网VPN113.销售人员自动化软件sales-force automation software 114.用户支持customer support115.经常提到的问题frequently asked questions(FAQ)116.免费电话toll-free telephone117.解决问题do the trick118.实时交流real-time communication119.一次性启动费one-time start-up fee120.结算清单与支付statements and payments121.电子货币e-money122.电子账单付兑与支付electronic bill presentment and payment(EBPP)123.基金转移transfer funds124.客户关怀customer care125.票据中心billing department126.AT&T电子结算AT&T electronic statements127.交叉销售cross-sell128.上行销售up-sell129.内部流程in-house program130.营业费用overhead131.客户关系customer relations132.信用卡credit card133.节约成本cost saving134.个人消费习惯individual spending habits135.因特网结算与客户管理Internet billing and customer management136.账户数据account data137.直接结算direct billing138.中央系统centralized system139.数据收集data collection140.数据库管理系统database management systems141.智能搜索引擎intelligent search engines142.神经网络neural networks143.姓名地址簿directory144.信息检索information retrieval145.多语言搜索multilingual searches146.文本文件text documents147.特殊文件格式particular file format148.图像image149.数据库集成database integration150.跨语言搜索引擎cross language search engine151.检索和分类数据retrieval and classification technologies 152.原型prototype153.网页web page154.自然语言搜索Natural Language Search155.节点node156.图像搜索引Image Search Engine157.文本信息textual information158.算法algorithm159.自然语言处理器natural language processor(NLP) 160.电子采购 e procurement161.购买杠杆buying leverage162.开支分析spending analysis163.供应链supply chains164.企业资源管理软件ERP software/system165.个性化购买maverick purchasing166.购货请购周期purchase requisition cycle167.订单初始化order initialization168.有效性核查availability check169.订单跟踪purchase order tracking170.状态跟踪status tracking171.非契约购买Rogue/off-tract buying172.检查批准流程review and approval process173.流行手段trending tolls174.后台整理back-end integration175.麦特卡尔夫定律Metcalf’s Law176.企业对企业实物交易Business-to-Business barter 177.受理周期approval cycle/channel178.法律顾问legal counsel179.法律环境legal environment180.人力资源human resources181.客户忠诚customer loyalty182.域名domain name183.可执行交易enforceable transaction184.电子支付electronic payment185.电子签名electronic signature186.消费者保护法consumer protection law 187.法律争端legal issue188.责任风险liability risk189.在线卖方online seller190.管制风险regulatory risk191.数据保护法data protection laws192.合资企业；联合经营joint venture193.数据所有项data ownership194.声音摘录sound clip195.司法干预legal intervention196.信息隐私information privacy197.智力资产intellectual property198.电子商务网站e-commerce site199.结账过程checkout process200.无效错误信息ineffective error messages201.建立账户create an account202.老顾客和新顾客通道Return and New customer paths 203.网络零售商online retailer204.破产out of business205.假日收入holiday revenues206.收银机cash register207.网络交通site traffic208.潜在销售potential sales209.购买企图purchase attempts210.购物车shopping cart211.徒劳in vain212.被动注册passive registration213.信用卡号码credit card number214.更正fix the error215.交货方式shipping method216.为实现交易lost sales217.订购place an order218.移动电话技术mobile telephone 219.交互式电视interactive TV220.智能卡smart cards221.电信telecommunications222.网络经济network economy223.技术趋势technology trends224.赢家和输家winners and losers 225.消费者市场consumer market 226.电子商务商务空间e-business space 227.真实世界virtual world228.焦点key issues229.先驱者first -movers230.市场份额market share231.最大价值maximum value232.营销部门marketing department 233.广告媒介advertising medium 234.经济实用cost-effective and efficient 235.价值链value chain236.交换平台transaction platforms 237.汽车工业automotive industry。
电商平台英语词汇大全掌握电商平台运营的关键词电商平台(E-commerce platforms) 是指通过网络将买家和卖家联系在一起，实现商品交易的在线平台。
作为电子商务的重要组成部分，电商平台在今天的商业领域发挥着非常重要的作用。
掌握电商平台运营的关键词汇对于从事电商行业的从业者来说，是非常必要的。
本文将介绍一些常见的电商平台英语词汇，帮助读者更好地了解和运营电商平台。
一、平台基础词汇1. E-commerce（电子商务）：指通过电子手段实现商品和服务的买卖活动。
2. Website（网站）：指通过互联网访问的页面或集合。
3. Online store（在线商店）：指基于网站的商业交易平台。
4. Shopping cart（购物车）：指网上商店中的功能，可以把想要购买的商品暂时放置在其中。
5. Payment gateway（支付网关）：指在线商店中，用户进行支付的接口和系统。
二、电商平台功能词汇1. Product listing（产品清单）：指电商平台中展示商品的列表。
2. Product description（产品描述）：指对商品进行详细叙述的文字或图文介绍。
3. Product category（产品分类）：指根据一定规则对商品进行分类整理的行为。
4. Search bar（搜索栏）：指在线商店中提供的搜索商品的输入框。
5. Filter（筛选）：指根据特定条件对商品进行筛选，以便用户快速找到所需商品。
6. Add to cart（加入购物车）：指将商品添加到购物车的操作。
7. Checkout（结账）：指用户完成购物流程，进行支付和确认订单的操作。
8. Order status（订单状态）：指订单在处理过程中的不同状态，如待处理、已发货、已完成等。
9. Customer reviews（客户评价）：指用户对商品和服务进行评价和反馈的内容。
三、电商平台营销词汇1. Promotion（促销活动）：指通过价格、奖励或其他手段吸引客户购买的活动。
电子商务英语怎么说bsc e-commerce computinge-business technologyecommercee1ectroniccommerceeb electronic businessec electronic commerceelectronic commerce , e-business, e- commerce electronic commerce ， e－businesselectronic commerce, e-business, e-commerce electronic commerce,ecelectronic commerce; e-business; e-commerce electronic commercial affairselectroniccommerceelektronische handelsgeschfte pl./e-businessmsc e businessmsc e-commercethe e-businessSecure e - business inspires e - option confidence 安全电子商务环境增加电子服务信心2.Secure model of e business information based on internet的电子商务信息安全模型3.Design of e commercial web for a large shopping mall大型商场电子商务网站的设计4.Application of web mining techniques in e - business的数据挖掘在电子商务中的应用5.Here is an italian e - commerce company named kael我们是意大利一家电子商务公司6.Research of e - commerce optimized management based on erp的电子商务优化管理研究ing asp . net to develop and design e - commerce website的电子商务网站开发与设计8.Strategies of developing enterprise e - commerce企业展开电子商务存有的问题与对策9.Shanghai kangyuan cable co . , ltd上海康元电缆有限公司泰国电子商务途径ecthai . com10.Electronic commerce and the consumer rights protection电子商务与消费者权益保护。
电子商务平台英语词汇大全了解电商平台运营的关键词在当今数字化时代，电子商务平台已经成为了商业运营的重要方式之一。
为了更好地了解和运营电商平台，掌握相应的英语词汇是至关重要的。
本文将为您提供一份电子商务平台英语词汇大全，帮助您更好地理解和应用于电商平台运营。
一、平台基础词汇1. E-commerce（电子商务）: It refers to the buying and selling of goods and services over the internet.2. Platform（平台）: It is a digital space or website that provides a place for businesses and customers to interact and conduct transactions.3. Online Marketplace（在线市场）: It is a platform where multiple sellers can sell their products or services to customers.4. B2B（Business-to-Business）（企业对企业）: It refers to the business transactions between two or more companies.5. B2C（Business-to-Consumer）（企业对消费者）: It refers to the business transactions between a company and individual consumers.6. C2C（Consumer-to-Consumer）（消费者对消费者）: It refers to the business transactions between individual consumers.7. M-commerce（Mobile Commerce）（移动商务）: It refers to the buying and selling of goods and services through mobile devices.8. Payment Gateway（支付网关）: It is an online service that processes payments from customers to sellers.9. Logistics（物流）: It refers to the process of planning, implementing, and controlling the flow of goods from the point of origin to the point of consumption.10. Customer Support（客户支持）: It refers to the assistance and guidance provided to customers regarding products, services, or any other issues they may have.二、电商平台功能词汇1. Product Listing（产品列表）: It refers to the display and description of products or services on the platform.2. Search Engine Optimization（搜索引擎优化）: It is the process of improving the visibility and ranking of a website in search engine results.3. User Interface（用户界面）: It refers to the visual elements and design that allow users to interact with the platform.4. Shopping Cart（购物车）: It is a virtual cart that allows users to store selected items before checkout.5. Wish List（心愿单）: It is a feature that allows users to save and track products they are interested in purchasing.6. Order Tracking（订单跟踪）: It is the ability for customers to track the status and location of their orders.7. Customer Reviews（客户评价）: It is the feedback and opinions provided by customers regarding their experience with a product or service.8. Seller Rating（卖家评级）: It is the evaluation and rating given to sellers based on their performance and customer satisfaction.9. Promotions（促销活动）: It refers to the marketing activities and offers aimed at attracting customers and increasing sales.10. Analytics（分析）: It refers to the collection and analysis of data to gain insights and make informed business decisions.三、电商平台营销词汇1. Target Audience（目标受众）: It refers to the specific group of people that a marketing campaign is aimed at.2. Social Media Marketing（社交媒体营销）: It is the use of social media platforms to promote products or services.3. Influencer Marketing（影响者营销）: It is a form of marketing where influential individuals promote products or services to their followers.4. Email Marketing（电子邮件营销）: It is the use of email to send promotional messages, updates, or newsletters to customers.5. Content Marketing（内容营销）: It is a marketing strategy that involves creating and sharing valuable, relevant, and consistent content to attract and retain customers.6. Paid Advertising（付费广告）: It refers to the practice of paying for ad space on platforms to promote products or services.7. Affiliate Marketing（联盟营销）: It is a performance-based marketing strategy where affiliates earn a commission for promoting products or services.8. Conversion Rate Optimization（转化率优化）: It is the process of improving the percentage of website visitors who take the desired action, such as making a purchase or filling out a form.9. Retargeting（再营销）: It is a technique that involves showing ads to users who have previously visited a website, encouraging them to return and complete a purchase.10. Viral Marketing（病毒式营销）: It is a marketing strategy that aims to create content that spreads rapidly and widely among the target audience.总结：通过学习和掌握电子商务平台的英语词汇，您将能更深入理解和运营电商平台，为您的电商业务带来更多机遇。
What is Electronic Commerce?Electronic Commerce: The conducting of business communication and transactions over networks and through computers. As most restrictively defined, electronic commerce is the buying and selling of goods and services, and the transfer of funds, through digital communications. However EC also includes all inter-company and out-company functions (such as marketing, finance, manufacturing, selling, and negotiation) that enable commerce and use electronic mail, EDI, file transfer, fax, video conferencing, workflow, or interaction with a remote computer. Electronic commerce also includes buying and selling over the web, electronic funds transfer, smart cards, digital cash, and all other ways of doing.Five blind men were asked to touch an elephant. One grabbed his fanlike ear, another his postlike leg, another a tusk, the fourth his broad and flat side, and the last one his ropelike tail. They returned a description of the monster, which, of course, were completely different. Electronic commerce, too, is a different thing in different eyes. Broadly speaking, electronic commerce is the production, advertising, sale and distribution of products via telecommunications networks. Modern business is characterized by ever-increasing supply capabilities, ever-increasing global competition, and ever-increasing customer expectations. In response, business throughout the world are changing both their organization and their operations. Electronic commerce is a means of enabling and supporting such changes on a global scale. It enable companies to be more efficient and flexible in their internal operations, to work more closely with their suppliers, and to be more responsive to the needs and expectations of their customers. It allows companies to select the best suppliers regardless of their geographical location and to sell to a global market.In the near future it is possible that no paper forms of money will change hands, but rather nearly all business transactions will be accomplished electronically. The most common products distributed electronically are books, music and videos transmitted down telephone lines or through the Internet. The definition of electronic commerce will continue to evolve and expand.What is B2B?“B2B”is contemporary shorthand for a longtime sales practice called business-to-business. B2B transactions primarily target companies and other wholesale buyers, while transactions targeting individuals are called B2C, or business-to-customer. Many organizations have both B2B and B2C components, but it’s not unusual for a company to specialize in B2B services or sales. In fact, the vast majority of products and services sold are considered to be B2B in nature.One major reason for the popularity of B2B sales and services is sheer volume. An individual customer may visit a clothing manufacturer’s website catalog and order two pairs of shoes or a sweater. The buyer for a national chain of clothing stores, however, may order 5000 pairs of shoes and 2000 sweaters. Without a B2B component, the manufacturer would have lost out on a very lucrative sale. This is why many companies provide B2B options alongside the B2C offerings at their websites and other outlets.B2B sales are also generated by providing a specialized product line or service not available to the general public. This form of B2B transaction is very common in the manufacturing world. A company that produces shaving cream in cans, for example, may need a specific plastic nozzle. Several plastic injection molding companies would send sales representatives to pitch their particular designs. These nozzles would be useless for individual customers, but a manufacturer may order thousands of them.With the growth in electronic communications, B2B has taken on even more importance.Instead of simply focusing on business-to-business sales, modern corporations are conducting other financial transactions online. B2B communications are now being used to promote investment, trade stocks and form financial alliances. Because the price of these transactions is far beyond the reach of most individuals, there is no equivalent business-to-customer option available. Some B2B transactions handled electronically can literally run into the billions of dollars.Cyber BankWith the development of E-Commerce, cyber bank is welcomed by more and more customers. Cyber bank, also known as electronic bank, virtual bank, home bank, and online bank, includes various banking activities conducted from home, business, or on the road, instead of at a physical bank location. And it has capabilities ranging from paying bills to securing a loan electronically. Nowadays, cyber bank does not require proprietary software or access to a private network. Any customer who has arranged his or her own Internet access facilities can participate. One effect of the trend towards cyber bank is to level the playing field so that even smaller financial institutions can offer the type of sophisticated services customers would normally expect only from a large bank.What’s more, cyber bank isn’t just restricted to some of the country’s largest financial institutions. Some of the more regional players, such as credit unions, are also making their mark. In some cases, the smaller size of these institutions has allowed them to out-manoeuvre some of their larger competitions. HEPCOE Credit Union, for example, the eighth largest credit union in Canada launched its cyber banking service on April 30, 1997.For those financial institutions whose “members” are not located near branches, cyber banking services can be especially appealing. In HEPCOE’s case, over 15000 of their 65000 members do not live near one of HEPCOE’s 18 branches.In addition to providing existing customers with access to banking services, cyber bank also tries to solicit new customers. For instance, Bank of Montreal’s website invites visitors to apply on-line for one of the Bank’s credit card products. In some cases, a decision can be provided within minutes. Some US banks have gone one step further and allow new customers to open a checking or savings account on-line.The Definitions of Logistics and Its EvolutionLogistics is defined as the process of planning, implementing and controlling the efficient and cost-effective flow and storage of raw materials, in-process inventory, finished goods and related information from the point of origin to the point of consumption, for the purpose of conforming to customer requirements.More simply, it is the science of ensuring that the right products reach the right place in the right quantity at the right time to satisfy customer demand. The UK Institute of Logistics and Transport defines it even more succinctly as: “the time-related positioning of resource”. It has also been defined as “the management of inventory in motion and rest”.The marking discipline encompasses warehousing, transport & distribution and IT solutions. It also includes international supply chain management and added-value/pre-retailing services.In military and business, logistics experts manage how and when to move resources to the places they are needed. In military strategy, and some would say the most crucial element of military strategy.There are two basically different forms of logistics. One optimizes a steady flow of material through a network of transportation links and storage nodes. The other coordinates a sequence ofresources to carry out some project.However, it was as early as in World War II that the term “logistics” came into use. Centering on war supplies, the United States military established “logistics” theory as a prototype. At that time, procurement, transportation, distribution and other activities as a unified whole layout to lower the cost of strategic commodities supply, faster and better services. Subsequently, the “logistics” system was transplanted to the modern system of economic life and gradually evolved into today’s logistics.E-Government & Its Beneficial EffectsElectronic government refers to government activities that take place by digital processes over a computer network, usually the Internet, between the government and members of the public and entities in the private sector, especially regulated entities. These activities generally involve the electronic exchange of information to acquire or provide products or services, to place or receive orders, to provide or obtain information, or to complete financial transactions. The anticipated benefits of E-Government provides direct communications between legislators and their constituents via e-mail.Absolutely, E-Government is fundamentally about visibility, accessibility and extensibility, and these are the core ingredients for transparency in government. However, E-Government is just a tool, and transparency depends as much on how that tool is used as it does upon its mere existence. Government agencies have to be motivated to distribute information online, and automate processes that are otherwise subject to corrosive, corruptive influences. I am familiar with many government agencies, both in US and abroad, who adopt E-Government programs with a lot of fanfare, but due to the restriction of information provided to the portal or due to the lack of back-end integration of electronic processes into the front-end portal, little actually changes in terms of the citizen’s visibility into the bureaucracy. Moreover, accountability is not an issue for E-Government. No one ever got indicted by the Internet, a friend of mine is fond of saying. But a lot of people have been indicted based on what was made available by or distributed through the Internet. The point is that the democratic institutions in question need to hold government actors accountable, and E-Government can help that to happen more easily.Too little attention is paid to the beneficial effects (in terms of transparency in particular) of electronifying processes as opposed to information. It is easy to conceptualize the beneficial dynamic of civil society and the media being able to access government information online (about bidding processes for public works projects, for example, or the names of people and institutions with certain types of business licenses) , but it’s not as obvious what happens when you put the actual public works project procurement bidding online, or automate the process of obtaining a business license. This is when the magic really occurs. By diminishing the one-on-one human interaction and subjective dec ision-making that can induce corruption, the process itself is made transparent and the field is leveled.。
