高级英语Unit 5

Language Learning
• Paragraph 1 • ingrained: fixed so firmly and deeply that it is difficult to remove • E.g.: an ingrained habit / belief / prejudice • afflict: cause to suffer in the body or mind; trouble • E.g.: John is afflicted with a chronic headache. • Environmental pollution is afflicting many countries.
Paragraph 10
• enchantment: spell • E.g.: A wicked woman laid an enchantment on the princess. • feel the enchantment of the scene the dangers and enchantments of mountainous regions
• examination-oriented education 应试教育
Paragraph 9
• equivocal: questionable; ambiguous. This is a formal word. • E.g.: She took second place in the speech contest, but her success was equivocal (不确 定的). • She gave an equivocal (模棱两可的) answer to my question.
Comprehension

Before
the fall of Poland, British intelligence officers managed to get hold of a German coding machine and a group of code-breaking experts, called the Bletchly Park group, soon discovered how the machine worked. With the help of this machine, the British were able to decipher all German coded messages.
In March 1939, Britain and France started talks with the Soviet Union on possible cooperation against Fascist Germany. At that time Britain under Chamberlain and France under Daladier were pursuing a policy of appeasement. After three months’ fruitless negotiation, the talks were broken off.

Then
in order to protect itself, the Soviet Union signed the non-aggression pact with Hitler’s Germany on August 23, 1939. On Sept. 1, 1939, Hitler invaded Poland. On Sept. 17, Soviet troops also crossed the border and moved into Poland, taking 77,000 sm of territory.

Unit 5 The Plug-in Drug: TV and the American FamilyA quarter of a century after the introduction of television into American society, a period that has seen the medium become so deeply ingrained in American life that in at least one state the television set has attained the rank of a legal necessity, 1safe from repossession in case of debt along with clothes, cooking utensils, and the like, television viewing has become an inevitable and ordinary part of daily life. Only in the early years of television did writers and commentators2have sufficient perspective to separate the activity of watching television from the actual content it offers the viewer. In those early days writers frequently discussed the effects of television on family life. However a curious 3myopia afflicted those early observers: almost without exception they regarded television as a favorable, beneficial, indeed, 4wondrous influence upon the family.在电视机这项发明进入美国人生活的25后，他已经在美国人的生活中根深蒂固，甚至美国至少有一个州的法律规定电视机是生活的必须品，而且如果负债，它可以和衣物,厨具一样免于作为财产抵押，而且看电视也成为人们生活中非常普遍甚至是不可避免的活动。

mark, or 12 feet deep, enough water to
float any steamboat
Printer, pilot, soldier, silver-miner, gold-washer, reporter, lecturer, traveler, businessman, novelist, autobiographer, Mark Twain had led an active life, in the very center of the American experience.
Mark Twain —Mirror of America
Noel Grove
Mark Twain – Mirror of America
1. Who was Mark Twain ? Where did his pen name come from?
2. What had he been before he became an author?
Life Works Evaluations
His Life:
Printer Pilot Soldier Miner Reporter Writer
The historical background of Mark Twain's time
Twain lived in the stirring(动荡) years in American history ---- the American-Mexican War, The Civil War, the Gold Rush, the western expansion, the American Spanish War, the rapid development of capitalism and later the emergence of imperialism along with the first economic depressions, etc.

publicized counterpart the ordinary illiterate who are
widely known to the public
P2
Questions: 1. Is it appropriate to compare straight-A illiteracy to a disease? 2. Can you find any special sentence structures in P2? Why does
Unit 5 Text 1
Straight-A Illiteracy
James P. Degnan
Plain English
team work
A game: running dictation
Rules:
1. one student at a time memorize one sentence (no paper or pen)
• The ability to simplify means to eliminate the unnecessary so that the necessary may speak. - Hans Hofmann
The title
straight-A illiteracy
straight-A illiteracy oxymoron 矛盾修饰法
Structure
P1 definition of straight-A illiterate (general)
deductive
P2, 3 personal experience and observation (specific) a student (P2), many students (P3)

Speech on Hitler’s Ivasion of the U.S.S.R.(苏维埃共和国联盟)When I awoke on the morning of Sunday, the 22nd, the news was brought to me of Hitler’s invasion of Russia. This changed conviction（定罪）into certainty. I had not the slightest（最轻微的）doubt where our duty and our place lay. Nor indeed what to say（也不知道该说些什么）. There only remained the task of composing it. I asked that notice should immediately be given that I would broadcast at nine o'clock that night. Presently General Dill, who had hastened down（急急忙忙）from London, came into my bedroom with detailed news. The Germans had invaded Russia on an enormous front, had surprised a large portion of the Soviet Air Force grounded on the airfields（飞机场）, and seemed to be driving forward with great rapidity and violence. The Chief of the Imperial General Staff added, “ I suppose they will be rounded up in hordes.”二十二日星期天早晨，我一醒来便接到了希特勒入侵苏联的消息。

博雅阅读高级英语unit5课后答案1、Mrs. Green has given us some _______ on how to study English well. [单选题] *A. practiceB. newsC. messagesD. suggestions(正确答案)2、Kate has a cat _______ Mimi. [单选题] *A. called(正确答案)B. callC. to callD. calling3、I want something to eat. Please give me a _______. [单选题] *A. bookB. watchC. shirtD. cake(正确答案)4、I didn't hear _____ because there was too much noise where I was sitting. [单选题] *A. what did he sayB. what he had said(正确答案)C. what he was sayingD. what to say5、The little boy saved his money ______ he could buy his mother a gift on Mother’s Day.（）[单选题] *A. butB. such thatC. in order toD. so that(正确答案)6、Bill Gates is often thought to be the richest man in the world. _____, his personal life seems not luxury. [单选题] *A. MoreoverB. ThereforeC. However(正确答案)D. Besides7、Ships can carry more goods than _____ means of transport. [单选题] *A. the otherB. anotherC. any other(正确答案)D. any8、?I am good at schoolwork. I often help my classmates _______ English. [单选题] *A. atB. toC. inD. with(正确答案)9、The classmates can' t（）Alice from her twin sister. [单选题] *A. speakB. tell(正确答案)C. talkD. say10、I arrived _____ the city _____ 9:00 am _______ April [单选题] *A. at, in, atB. to, on, atC. in, or, atD. in, at, on(正确答案)11、It’s very hot. Please _______ your coat. [单选题] *A. look afterB. take off(正确答案)C. take onD. put on12、I?have to?_______ my younger brother on Sunday. [单选题] *A. look after(正确答案)B. look upC. take careD. look out13、There is something wrong with my teeth. I’ve had?a _______. [单选题] *A. toothache(正确答案)B. headacheC. stomachacheD. heartache14、The weather forecast says that we’ll have occasional rain tomorrow. [单选题] *A. 偶尔的B. 不停的C. 少量的(正确答案)D. 不可预测的15、Becky is having a great time ______ her aunt in Shanghai. （）[单选题] *A. to visitB. visitedC. visitsD. visiting(正确答案)16、John had planned to leave, but he decided to stay in the hotel for（）two days because of the heavy rain. [单选题] *A. otherB. the otherC. another(正确答案)D. others17、Can you give her some ______ ? [单选题] *A. advice(正确答案)B. suggestionC. advicesD. suggest18、——Have you（）your friend Bill recently? ———No, he doesnt often write to me. [单选题] *A. heard aboutB. heard ofC. heard from (正确答案)D. received from19、17．—When ________ they leave here?—Tomorrow morning. [单选题] *A．doB．will(正确答案)C．doesD．are20、—Where did you get the book?—From my friend. I ______ it three days ago. （）[单选题] *A. lentB. borrowed(正确答案)C. keptD. returned21、11．________ big furniture shop it is! [单选题] *A．HowB．WhatC．What a (正确答案)D．What an22、While my mother _______ the supper, my father came back. [单选题] *A. cooksB. is cookingC. was cooking(正确答案)D. has cooked23、-----How can I apply for an online course?------Just fill out this form and we _____ what we can do for you. [单选题] *A. seeB. are seeingC. have seenD. will see(正确答案)24、42．—________ meat do you want?—Half a kilo. [单选题] *A．How much(正确答案)B．How manyC．WhatD．Which25、Bob used ______ on the right in China, but he soon got used ______ on the left in England.（）[单选题] *A. to drive; to driveB. to drive; drivingC. to driving; to driveD. to drive; to driving(正确答案)26、66．—How much meat do you want?—________．[单选题] *A．Sorry, there isn't anyB．I can't give you anyC．Half a kilo, please(正确答案)D．Twelve yuan a kilo27、Kids will soon get tired of learning _____ more than they can. [单选题] *A. if they expect to learnB. if they are expected to learn(正确答案)C. if they learn to expectD. if they are learned to expect28、We need some green paint badly, but there' s _____ at hand. [单选题] *A. notB. nothingC. little(正确答案)D. none29、I _______ no idea of where the zoo is. [单选题] *A. thinkB. getC. have(正确答案)D. take30、I knocked on the door but _______ answered. [单选题] *A. somebodyB. anybodyC. nobody(正确答案)D. everybody。

Unit 5 conservatives and liberals保守派和革新派这个国家存在着两个政党，保守党和革新党。

这两个政党长期存在，并且，自从这个世界存在财产后，两个政党就有了争端。

这种争端是人民历史发展的主题。

保守党建立了这个世界最古老的值得尊敬的等级制度和君主制。

两党之间的战争包括贵族和平民，宗主国和殖民地，旧秩序和新秩序，穷人和富人。

这些争端存在于所有国家的每个时刻。

战争的范围不仅是在战场，在国家议会和基督教议会，而且每时每刻都以反对性质的优势牵动着每个人的内心。

旧世界被推翻的同时建立起新世界。

今天新世界发展得很好，但是他仍然要不断的以新的的名字和时代性个性更新自我，。

当然，如此势不两立的敌对势力必须对人类的体制有相似深度的理解。

这就是过去和将来，记忆和希望，理解和原因的对立。

最基本的敌对势力存在于自然两级中的琐事中。

有一个古老预言的片段似乎一定程度上能用来解释现今的神话，它很值得关注，因为它与这个主题相关。

这个也许是保守党和激进党政见最早描述的代表，它传承下来给我们。

他曾经是那样。

它是离心力和向心力的对抗。

革新党是突起的力量，保守党是最后发展的停滞。

保守党坚持那是上帝创造的东西。

革新党增加到上帝留下了一些东西，他也将加入其他的东西。

保守党总是有一些无意义的争论，同时也存在一些优点。

因为坚持所以确定，她的手指紧握事实，它永不会睁开双眼看更好的事态，保守党保卫他建立的代表现今事态的城堡，无论好坏。

当然，保守党总是保有最坏的争议，他总是道歉，恳请必需品，恳请这个世界做恶化的改变；她用庞大的所有暴力和社会罪恶来武装自己，否定好的可能性，否定观点，否定和怀疑先知，与此同时，革新党总是对的，成功的，进攻性的并确定最终的成功。

保守党坚持人类无可否认的极限，保守党拥有环境，革新党拥有权利。

一个要建立社会结构中的灵活成员，另一个要延迟事物的发展。

保守主义是温文尔雅的，交际的；革新主义是独立的专横的。

(e. g. Zen Buddhism 禅宗佛教).
• The essential element of Zen Buddhism is found in its name, for Zen means "meditation." Zen teaches that enlightenment is achieved through the profound realization that one is already an enlightened being. This awakening can happen gradually or in a flash of insight (as emphasized by the Soto and Rinzai schools, respectively). But in either case, it is the result of one's own efforts. Deities and scriptures can offer only limited assistance.
Background
Overall, the decade is often seen as a period of great contradiction: of rising optimism and deadening cynicism, of increasing and decreasing faith, of great hope and great despair. Put differently, historians usually see the 1920s as a decade of serious cultural conflict.

Unit 5 conservatives and liberals保守派和革新派Conservatives and LiberalsRalph Waldo Emerson1. The two parties which divide the state, the party of Conservative and that of innovation, are very old, and have disputed the possession of the world ever since it was made. This quarrel is the subject of civil history. The conservative party established the reverend hierarchies and monarchies of the most ancient world. The battle of patrician and plebian, of parent state and colony, of old usage and accommodation to new facts, of the rich and, of the poor, reappears in all countries and times. The war rages not only in battlefields, in national councils, and ecclesiastical synods, but agitates every man’s bosom with opposing advantages every hour. On rolls the old world meantime, and now one, now the other gets the day, and still the fight renews itself as if for the first time, under new names and hot personalities.这个国家存在着两个政党，保守党和革新党。

Unit 5Text I:The Plug-in Drug: TV and the American Family, Part IMarie WinnI)Pre-reading Brainstorming:1).What do you know about “drug” and “drug taking”?Drug in one sense is a habit-forming substance one takes for pleasure or excitement. Harmful drugs include tobacco, alcohol, cocaine, opium, etc. The plug-in drug is a term used by the author to refer to TV which works when it is plugged in. TV is compared to a drug because, on the one hand, the American family has formed the habit of watching TV at leisure time and, on the other hand, TV has undesirable effects on the family.2).For or against TV viewing: advantages and disadvantages;Note: TV has become the primary entertainment and information medium in the U. S. In 1974, the Bureau of the Census reported that 97% of U.S. households contained at least one TV set and 45% had 2 or more sets.The average American has his set turned on for about 6. 5 hours each day. In fact TV has become the American's eyes and ears .II)Comprehension:1) Main Idea:The domination of television has exerted strong influence on the way of life of many American families, diminishing their daily activities and affecting the sound growth of their children.2) Purpose of writing and Tone:To seriously demonstrate the dangers of the domination of television in American families3) Organization and Development:Introduction: (P1-4)Introduction of the topic --- the effect of television on family life as viewed by early observers;Body: (P5-16)Discussion about the effect of television on family life, esp.on childrenConclusion: (P17)The domination of television will surely affecting the sound growth of their children.Note: Quotations cited by Winn for her purposes of writing:1. In paras. 2 - 4, three quotations from the early writers and commentators show the general view in favor of the new invention without the slightest foresight as to its possible negative effect.2. In para. 7. a quotation of the authors of an early and influential study of television effect on children illustrates a popularly accepted view which helped to soothe the concern parents began to feel about the negative effects TV might have on their children. When the study was carried out, the negative effects of TV were already felt by some parents.3. In para. 10, a quotation from Urie Bronfenbrenner powerfully states the view that TV had negatively affected family life and the transformation of children into adults.4. In para. 12, there is a quotation from a first-grade teacher's report. and in para. 13, there is a quotation from an article written by a mother carried in The New York Times. Both of these try to show how TV dominates the life of a family and reduces interaction between parents and children.4) Comprehension Questions:1. Explain the sentence “… the television set has attained the rank ofa legal necessity, safe from repossession in case of debt.”--- The television set has become so important in the life of a family that its possession is guaranteed by law. Even when a person is in debt, it cannot be taken away from him by whomever he owes a debt.2. Why does Winn accuse the early observers of myopia?--- The early observers only saw the favourable effects of TV and none of them was sufficiently far-sighted to predict the negative effects of TV in the future. That is why they are accused of myopia, i.e. ,short-sightedness.3. what is the meaning of the word “refrain” in para. 7? What does it refer to in the context?--- The word "refrain" has two meanings: 1) a regularly occurring melody, 2) a much repeated saying or idea. In this context the word is used in the 2nd sense. It refers to the quotation that follows.4. How do you interpret the seemingly parad oxical statement “While it has, indee, kept the members of the family from dispersing, it has not served to bring them together” (para. 9)--- The TV helps to keep all the family members in the house in a physical sense. But they are not really doing things together. Instead, they watch their own favourite programmes with little interaction between them. In this sense the TV undermines the relationships between family members.5. In what way do the children today spend their childhood differently from children in early times?--- We can compare the way the children in a TV-dominated family spend their leisure time with the way children in the Victorian age spent theirs. Now all their spare time is devoted to TV viewing with no time left for family rituals, games, jokes, songs, etc.6. What examples does Winn cite to show the loss of social interaction in families dominated by television?--- Refer to paras. 12 and 13. What a first-grade teacher reports and what an article in The New York Times describes are examples of the loss of social interaction.5) Difficult Sentences for Paraphrasing1. The peer group has television-oriented, and much of the time children spend together is occupied by television viewing. (l. 40-41)--- The Children have become television addicts, devoting much of the time when they are together to watching TV.2. Television is not merely one of a number of important influences on today’s child. (l. 44-45)--- Television is not simply just one among many important factors that may influence a child today.3. Through the changes it has made in family life, television emerges as the important influence in children’s lives today. (l. 45-46)--- Television has brought about great changes in family life, playing the dominant role is shaping the lives of children today.4. The television set casts its magic spell, freezing speech and action, turning the living into still statues so long as the enchantment lasts. (l. 53-54)--- . . . the television has its magic power over people. As soon as the television is on, people stop talking and doing anything else, growing to be lifeless statues before the TV screen. They will remain so till the end of the programme.5. Turning on the television set can turn off the process that transforms children into people. (l. 58-59)--- The moment a child sits down to watch television is the moment his growth towards maturity is suspended.6) Difficult Sentences for Translation (E-C):1. (l. 26-30) Nor did anyone imagine the number of hours children would eventually devote to television, the common use of television by parents as a child pacifier, the change television would effect uponchild-rearing methods, the increasing domination of family schedules by children’s viewing requirements --- in short, the power of the new medium to dominate family life.2. (l. 107-110) But surely the needs of adults are being better met than the needs of the children, who are effectively shunted away and rendered untroublesome, while their parents enjoy a life as undemanding as that of any childless couple.3. (l. 110-112) In reality, it is those very demands that young children make upon a family that lead to growth, and it is the way parents accede to those demands that builds the relationships upon which the future of the family depends.7) Key Words and Expressions:1. afflict (l. 9) --- trouble2. asset (l. 11) --- valuable object; advantage3. preposterous (l. 25) --- unthinkable, absurd4. splintering (l. 25) --- splitting, breaking up5. the peer group (l. 34) --- a group of people of the same age, class,position. etc. here, group of children of the sameage6.television-oriented (l. 40-41) --- interested in and influenced by TV7. equivocal (l. 47) --- ambiguous8. sorcerer (l. 53) --- person who performs magic by using the power of evil spirits9. stint (l. 85) --- fixed amount of work: here, the fixed TV programme10. conjure up (l. 94) --- bring into the mind11.sane(l. 106) --- (in this context) in possession of good relations/ofa close bond12. backlog (l. 113) --- a reserve8) Key Language Points:1 . . . . that has seen the medium become so deeply ingrained in American life …--- TV has become an indispensable part of American life, so much so that it cannot be done away withmedium---- a way or means of giving information, expressing one's ideas, or communicating with people. Examples:TV is a medium for giving information as well as for entertainment.In our English classes, English is the medium of instruction (i.e., the language used in class for teaching).ingrained --- fixed so firmly and deeply that it is difficult to remove. Examples:an ingrained habit/belief/ prejudice2. the television set has attained the rank of a legal necessity --- The television set has by law been placed in the class of goods which are necessary to life. What a legal necessity is is explained in the following phrase.attain --- succeed in getting something, especially after some effort. Examples:He attained his objectives/hopes after much hard work. A man of attainments is one who has accomplished/ achieved a great deal.3. safe from repossession --- protected from repossession, that is,a claim/a demand made by the original owner to regain the possession of . . .4. sufficient perspective --- enough overview, enough comprehensive point of view5. a curious myopia afflicted those early observers --- a strange shortsightedness troubled those early observersafflict --- cause to suffer in the body or mind; trouble. Examples: John is afflicted with a chronic headache. Environmental pollution is afflicting many countries.6. wondrous --- This is a formal or literary word. Wonderful is the more usual word.7. invariably --- always, without exception. Examples: Cartoons on TV remain invariably children's favourite. He is invariably late for school.8. preposterous --- so strange as to be unlikely; absurd. Example: The suggestion that all wild animals must be tamed is preposterous.9.the changes TV would effect ( v. , cause, produce) upon child-rearing methods the possible effects ( n . , results or conditions produced by a cause) of so much TV viewingEffect is both a noun and a verb. Note the difference between them. Examples: They tried to effect the rescue of the hostages held by the terrorists.He is suffering from the effects of smoking and drinking.10. a steady refrain --- a remark that is repeated on and on.Refrain is often used to refer to "a part of a song that is repeated, especially at the end of each verse"11. ameliorate--- make or become better or less bad; improve. Example:Various means are taken to ameliorate the situation.12. television-oriented --- particularly interested in TVExamples to show the use of -oriented : export-oriented industry 外向型工业; research-oriented medical institution研究性医疗机构; examination-oriented education n13. television emerges as the important influence . . . --- television comes forth as the most important influence. Note the use of the word the in italics. When you wish to refer to something as almost the only one of its kind, you italicize the word the and pronounce the word with emphasis.emerge --- come out or appear from being hidden. Examples:The sun seemed to emerge from under the sea.Outstanding young medical doctors have emerged from a number of hospitals.14. TV's contribution to family life has been an equivocal one --- It is questionable whether TV has made a positive or negative influence on family life. /It is difficult to evaluate the contribution TV makes to family life.equivocal --- questionable; ambiguous. This is a formal word. Examples:She took second place in the speech contest, but her success was equivocal (ToShe gave an equivocal n) answer to my question.The antonym of equivocal is unequivocal, which means "completely clear, allowing no possibility of doubt" T - Example:She took an unequivocal stand on the issue of women's liberation.15. how the medium is involved in . . . - how television has a necessary part in . . . involve --- have as a necessary part or result. Example:A lot of work is involved in writing a research paper.16. "We were in the midst of a full-scale War ... a new battle ... a major skirmish . . . diplomatic negotiations . . ." --- These words said by the mother of two boys are metaphorical. She was describing the differences of opinions and differences in interests among her family members.17. The children's evening is regimented with an almost military precision. --- the children's activities in the evening are arranged in such an exact way that they were almost like military actions. Note the use of words related to the military to be in harmony with what the mother said about the "war, battles, and skirmishes. "18. without conjuring up memories of the Victorian era --- without calling to mind what happened in the Victorian eraconjure up - cause to appear as a picture in the mind. Example:At the alumni meeting, everyone present conjured up scenes at school in the past.19. that spontaneous taking up of an activity --- taking part in an activity without planning or preparation beforehandspontaneous --- unplanned, not prearranged. Example:He made a spontaneous offer to help the handicapped children.20. on the spur of the moment --- with a sudden tendency to act without thinking much; on a sudden impulse. Example:She gave a clever answer to the tricky question on the spur of the moment.21. mediating between the needs of both children and adults --- actingas a go-between concerning the needs of both the adults and childrenmediate - act as a peacemaker between opposing sides, e. g. , mediate between two opposing parties/employees and employers22. parents accede to those demands --- parents agree to those demandsaccede --- agree to, e. g. , accede to a proposal/a request23. anything other than a caretaking institution --- anything excepta caretaking institution. The whole clause means: "the family is likely to survive only as a caretaking institution. "9) Translation Exercise for Practice of Language Points (C-E):1. Jane 是个很聪明的孩子。

the title
• this is a piece of subjective, impressionistic or emotional description.
• libido: concept originated by Sigmund Freud to
signify the instinctual physiological or psychic energy associated with sexual urges and with all constructive human activity. In the text, it means psychic energy generally; specifically, a basic form of psychic energy, comprising the positive, loving instincts manifested variously at different stages of personality development. Drive, desire.
Tree
Hemlock
description
• description is painting a verbal picture of a person, a place, an object, a scene, etc. in order to enable his reader to perceive the reality of the original, the writer reproduces an image and invokes that reality essencially by specific and concrete words that appeal to the reader's sense of sight, smell, sound, taste and touch.

prosperity, etc.; get back the use of one's health, faculties, etc.
e.g. (1) He has now fully recovered from his stroke. (2) Our economy finally recovered from the financial depression. (3) He has recovered his sight and hearing.
and lab experiments.
She was brilliant, single-minded, a legend. She was very intelligent, focused, famous.
encircle vt. (oft. passive) surround, form a circle round e.g.(1) The West Lake is encircled by trees. (2) The enemy troops were encircling the town. recover v. return to a normal state of health, mind,
e.g. (1) There is an elm forest near the village.


basics n. essential or important matters e.g. (1)Let's stop chatting and get down to basics. (2) These students have acquired a good knowledge of the basics of English. radioactivity n. the spontaneous disintegration of

Rhetorical devices:
Parallelism
Repetition
Periodic
sentence It is a truth universally acknowledged that a single man in possession of a fortune must be in want of a wife.
Detailed Study of the Text
11.
round up: to gather together scattered animals, to collect together animals that are scattered
A I
cowboy / dog rounds up the cattle / sheep. think the Red army men will be surrounded and captured in surprisingly large numbers.
Detailed Study of the Text
1. Speech, address, oration, lecture, talk speech: a public speech without regard to its quality, degree of preparation, the quality of its speaker or audience General word
Rhetorical devices
Noun
phrases: with great rapidity and violence Imperative sentences:let us…, let us… Inverted sentences: News was brought to me…

Unit Five Arts1.What can you do?1.2Word Expansion2.Let’s readOil Painting1】The term oil pai nting refers to more than a technique. It defines an art form. The techniqueof mixing pigments with oil has existed since the ancient world. However, oil painting as an art form was not born until there was a desire to develop and perfect the technique in order to express life in its natural form because the existing painting techniques were felt to be inadequate for this need. Canvas instead of wooden panels was found to be a suitable medium for oil painting, as wood did not hold the paint well.2】The oldest known oil paintings date from 650 A.D., found in 2008 in the caves of A fghanistan’s Bamiyan Valley. Historians believe that walnut and poppy seed oils were used in these early paintings. Ancient Mediterranean civilization painting techniques included use of mixture of beeswax, mineral pigments that consisted of iron, copper, and manganese oxides, and tempera. □;A Since vegetable oils such as flax, walnut, and poppy seed oil were known to the ancient Egyptians, Greeks, and Romans, scholar believe these substance may have been used in early oil painting. □;B For example, early Greek paint recipes have been found that involve the use of drying oils such as walnut, poppy, hempseed, pine nut, castor, and linseed. □;C In Italy and Greece, olive oil was used to prepare paint pigments, but the dying time was too long and was especially troublesome when painting figures.□;D3】At the end of the Roman Empire and up to the Renaissance period, primitive oil paints were replaced by tempera paint and then by oil paint. Tempera is a fluid mixture of organic material, water, and volatile additives. Italian artists used organic binders from animal sources, such as the whole egg, animal glues and milk. In the 14 century, Gennino Cennini introduced a painting procedure that integrated tempera painting converged with light layers of oil.4】The use of tempera paints gave way to oil paints. Oil paint was invented in Northern Europe around 1410. Art scholars believe that Jan Van Eyck ,a Flemish painter, developed as table varnish based on oil was the binder of mineral pigments. Van Eyck’s mixture probably consisted of piled glass, calcium, and mineral pigments boiled in indeed oil until reaching a viscous state. Painters of the time probably observed that linseed oil, as well as walnut and poppy seed oil accelerated the drying time of their painting canvases in the sun. Historians agree that Van Eyck’s masterpiece, the weeding portrait of Giovanni Arnolfini and his wife, painted in 1434, is one of the first and finest examples of the new oil painting technique. Van Eyck’s technique set the standard in oil painting, which lasted many years. The beauty of the technique is that the oil increases brilliance, translucence, and intensify because the pigments are suspended in a layer of oil that also trapped light.5】The invention of oil paints opened up the world to Renaissance painters. The Renaissance was the period of Western European history from the 14th century to the mid to late 16th century. During this period of ‘rebirth’, Renaissance painters began studying nature more closely and expressing what they observed in their paintings. The new oil paints enabled them to articulate their images much more realistically, since the oil controls the drying time, artists were also able to take more time to work on fine details and to capture skin fabric, and other organic texture. Oil paints permitted artists to work slowly, to build their paintings up in thin layers, allowing better light reflection. Some oil paintings reflect light and shading so well, that they can look life-like.6】For 5000 years, oil paints remained the most popular and widely used paints. In the 1800s, oil paints were made available in airtight tubes, making them easier to use. The end of the period of oil painting cannot be dated exactly, as oil painting is still being painted today. The period of traditional oil painting is thought to be roughly between 1500 and 1900. Around 1900, the era of oil painting and natural and realistic paintings was undermined, first by impressionism, and then by Cubism. Acrylic paints were introduced in the 1950s and are widely used today. Lastly, photography has virtually taken the place of painting as our principle source of visual imagery.2.1Exercises1.Which of the following statement about oil painting is supported by paragraph 1?A. It was a result of artists’ attempt to paint life in its natural shape.B. It was developed to create a radically different art form.C. It completely replaced the existing techniques.D. It satisfied the artists’ desire to express a perfect way of life.2.According to paragraph 1, artist chose canvas for oil painting because it ________.A. was more affordable than other types of panels.B. had a good texture for drawing a sketchC. held the paint better than wooden panels.D. was a suitable replacement for wooden panels.3.Why does the author mention Afghanistan’s Baniyan Valley in paragraph 2?A. to provide the location where the first oil painting was painted.B. to prove that the technique of oil painting is not a very old art form.C. to indicate where the oldest known oil painting was found.D. to give an example of an ideal place for storing oil paitings.4.It can be inferred from the passage that tempera paint ________.A. was considered to be the better than oil paint.B. replaced oil paint because of its glue like qualityC. required the use of too many organic materials.D. was favored by artists around the 14th century.5.The word procedure in the passage is closest in meaning to ________A.material.B.subject.C.surfaceD.practice,6.Which of the sentences below best expresses the essential information in the highlightedsentence?Historians agree that Van Eyck’s masterpiece, the weeding portrait of Giovanni Arnolfini and his wife, painted in 1434, is one of the first and finest examples of the new oil painting technique.Incorrect choices change the meaning in important ways or leave out essential information.A.Van Eyck’s wedding portrait of Giovanni Arnolfini and his wife is considered by experts tobe one of the first and most outstanding works of the new oil painting technique.B.Historians have no problems of attributing Van Eyck’s masterpiece which he painted in1434 as the finest example of the new oil painting technique.C.The wedding portrait of Giovanni Arnolfini and his wife by Van Eyck’s is viewed as one ofthe first examples of the new oil painting by scholars.D.One of the first and most outstanding examples of the new oil painting technique is VanEyck’s masterpiece, the portrait of Giovanni Arnolfini’s wife painted in 1434.7.The word layer in the passage is closes in meaning to ________.A.ColorB.ReflectionC.CoatD.Gap8.The word them in the passage refers to ________.A.paintersB.paintingsC.paintsD.images9.The word capture in the passage is closest in meaning to ________.A.coverB.depictC.identityD.sketch10.All of the following are mentioned in paragraph 6 as the reason for the end of the era of oilpainting Except ________.A.the dominance of photography as a visual mediumB.the competition between impressionism and cubismC.the emergence of new artistic trendsD.the introduction of a new kind of paint.11.The word undermined in the passage is closest in meaning toA.attackedB.challengedC.submergedD.overrun12.Look at the four squares that indicate where the following sentence could be added to thepassage.These oils, when thickened, become resinous and could be used as a varnish to seal and protect paintings from water.Where would the sentence best fit?A.□;AB.□;BC.□;CD.□;D13.Directions: An introductory sentence for a brief summary of the passage is provided below.Complete the summary by selecting the three answer choices that express the most important ideas in the passage. Some sentences do not belong in the summary because they express ideas that are not presented in the passage or are minor ideas in the passage.The question is worth 2 pointsA.The term oil painting has been used since ancient time.B.Tempera paint was the most popular form of paint until the end of the Roman Empire.C.Oil painting as an art form developed because of the desire of artists to express theirimages naturally.D.The discovery of new kinds of paint enabled Renaissance painters to paint realistically.E.There were several reasons why the oil painting died out completely in 1900.F.Many factors were involved in the oil painting losing its place in the art world in the 20thcentury.2.2Words & Expressionswords v.Definitionspigment n. a dry colored powder that is mixed with oil, water, etc. to make paint. 颜料色素canvas n. strong rough cloth used for tents, sails and bags; a piece of this used for an oil painting 帆布帆布画poppy seed n. an oilseed obtained from the opium poppy (Papaver somniferum). 罂粟籽troublesome adj. causing a great deal of trouble or difficulty; worrying, upsetting, or annoying 令人烦恼的，讨厌的，困难的，棘手的additive n. & adj.substance added to improve, strengthen, or otherwise alter it 添加物2.4All in onea) There was a need to express life in its nature form.b) The existing painting techniques were felt to be inadequate for this need.c) There was a desire to develop and perfect the technique for this need.d) Oil painting as an art form was (then) born.All into one: __________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________a) A layer of oil trapped light.b)The pigment are suspended in the layer.c)The oil increase brilliance, translucence and intensify.d)That is the beauty of the technique.All into one: __________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________a)Van Eyck’s masterpiece is the weeding portrait of Giovanni Arnolfini and his wife.b)The weeding portrait of Giovanni Arnolfini and his wife was painted in 1434.c)The weeding portrait of Giovanni Arnolfini is one of the first and finest examples of the newoil painting technique.d)Historians agree that.All into one: __________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________3Let’s Listen3.1Note takingQuestions NotesSubject /Topic Native American musicCharacteristics1. _______________2. _______________3. _______________Instruments1.DrumUse: for important events called powwow, a form of _________or_________, and other _________.Design: by a ___________ or a __________.Hold with __________ and passed on to young generation2.FluteUse: to ____________and to_______.Design: started in _________; _________ used originally;Other materials used to___________; _____ or _______ holes3.WhistleDesign: made from _______; _________ holesPurpose of musica)__________with ________b)success________, caring _________, expressing ________, communicating with______, brining of ________.c)expressing___________d)Important role in _______and _____3.2Exercises1.What is the talk mainly about?A.The religious nature of Native American music.B.The various facts of Native American music.C.Musical instruments used by Native Americans.D.The purpose of music in American society.2.According to the professor, what is harmony?A.It is the structured flow of words and phrases.B.It is the rising and lowering of the tone of the voice.C.It is multiple notes sung at the same time to produce new sounds.D.It is a synchronization of different voices to create music3.What does the professor imply about Native American instruments?A.They have not evolved since their inception.B.They are too primitive to play today’s music.C.They represent a rich musical heritage.D.They have not been affected by modern technology.4.Indicate whether each description below denotes Native American drum, flute, or whistle.5.Listen again to part of the lecture. Then answer the question.A.It is appreciated by other music lovers.B.It is much more than a mere diversion.C.It defines an individual’s identity.D.It has a very long established tradition.6.According to the professor, what purposes does the music serve for Native Americans?Choose 2 answersA.It was a way to unify the people of the tribe.B.It teaches the young about the core beliefs.C.It spiced up their traditional ceremonies.D.It allows the transmission of traditions and customs.reggae n. a type of West Indian popular music having four beats to the bar, the upbeat being strongly accented西印度群岛的一种舞蹈及舞曲iconic adj.relating to or having the characteristics on an icon 偶像的、形象的primitive adj. belonging to a very early period in the development of an animal or plant 原始的、远古的propagate v. to cause (an organism) to multiply or breed or to transmit (characteristics) from one generation to another 传播、繁殖、宣传epic n. & adj. an extended narrative poem celebrating the feats of a legendary or traditional hero or something heroic and impressive in quality 史诗；史诗的4Let’s speakNow listen to a conversation between a student and a professor. The professor discuses the student’s problem.Note-taking:Question: Describe the problem and suggested solution. State your opinion of that solution.5It’s your turn5.1Language Enhancement5.1.1Paraphrase the following sentencesOriginal Sentence Native American music plays a crucial role in history and education ,with ceremonies and stories orally passing on ancestral customs to new generations.ParaphraseOriginal Sentence However, oil painting as an art form was not born until there was a desire to develop and perfect the technique in order to express life in its natural form because the existing painting techniques were felt to be inadequate for this need.ParaphraseUnit Five Arts。

教育单元Section A Text OneEducation as a Necessity of LifeI. Fill in the blanks with the words and expressions provided, making some change when necessary1. in virtue of2. succumb3. resort to4. dwell on5. antecedent6. disposition7. relapse8. rudimentary9. in view of 10. suffice 11. None the less 12. truism13. proximity 14. with respect to 15. done forII. Use the appropriate form of the words given in the brackets to fill in the blanks1. subjugation2. sustain3. undue4. meagerly5. aspire6. cognizance7. ineluctably8. endurance9. conserve 10. assimilationIII. Paraphrase1.He enjoys the rights of freedom that have been hard won in the past centuriesby the joint efforts of philosophic genius and political heroism that have been offered / devoted by people who have sacrificed their lives.2.It is a fact / true that the young have been continually exposed to rock music.Rock music is not popular with a particular class or type of child but with all kids.3.According to Aristotle, friendship is characterized by conversation which isthe only thing that friends have in common. However, rock music doesn’t allow conversation, and to make friends doesn’t require rock music lovers to engage in a conversation with each other.4.Therefore, there is no difference between what he desires to feel through hissenses and what he later understands through reason as good.5.Without the collaboration/involvement/help/support of the sentiments, anythingexcept technical education becomes ineffective/outlived/will never work.IV. Test your general knowledge1-5 BDACA 6-10 BADCA 11-15 BDDACV. Proofread the following passage.1. gets2. of the young3. are—is4. what--- which5.note--- noted6. values of industriousness7. receive ---- receives8.not easy9. it is not so easy 10. too urgent toSection A Text TwoThe Use of LeisureI. Fill in the blanks with the words and expressions provided, making some change when necessary1. furnish2. antidote3. cement4. on guard5. line6. relegated7. verdict8. hitherto9. footing 10. by no means11. for the sake of 12. staple 13. excrescence 14. call forth 15. bent II. Use the appropriate form of the words given in the brackets to fill in the blanks1.sensibly2. slack3. wholesome4. relegation5. dissipate6. connotation7. curtail8. impressionable9. loafer 10. aptly, aptnessIII. Translate the short paragraph into Chinese.无论学习和游戏能激发、促进何种兴趣的产生，它们都无法占据孩子全部的时间和思想—或者，即使它们能，那不管是学生还是运动员，或碰巧二者皆是，他的生活依旧狭隘，并有可能随着岁月的流逝越来越狭隘。

高级英语(D1002001) >看看课程文档> ADVANCED ENGLISH BOOK II > UNIT 5 LOVE IS A FALLACY >第五单元课文翻译第五单元课文翻译第五单元课文翻译爱情就是谬误马克斯·舒尔曼1）．查尔斯·兰姆是一个世所罕见的性情欢快、富有进取心的人，他那笔下的散文《古瓷器》和《梦中的孩子)无拘无束、自由奔放，实在令人难忘。

下面这篇文章比兰姆的作品更加自由奔放。

实际上，用“自由奔放”的字眼来形容这篇文章并不十分确切，或许用“柔软”、“轻松”或“轻软而富有弹性”更为恰如其分。

2）．尽管很难说清这篇文章是属于哪一类，但可以肯定它是一篇散文小品文。

它提出了论点，引用了许多例证，并得出了结论。

卡莱尔能写得更好吗? 罗斯金呢?3）．这篇文章意在论证逻辑学非但不枯燥乏味，而且活泼、清新、富于美感和激情，并给人以启迪。

诸位不妨一读o——作者注1．我这个人头脑冷静，逻辑思维能力强。

敏锐、慎重、聪慧、深刻、机智——这些就是我的特点。

我的大脑像发电机一样发达，像化学家的天平一样精确，像手术刀一样锋利。

——你知道吗?我才十八岁呀。

2．年纪这么轻而智力又如此非凡的人并不常有。

就拿在明尼苏达大学跟我同住一个房间的皮蒂·伯奇来说吧，他跟我年龄相仿，经历一样，可他笨得像头驴。

小伙子长得年轻漂亮，可惜脑子里却空空如也。

他易于激动，情绪反复无常，容易受别人的影响。

最糟的是他爱赶时髦。

我认为，赶时髦就是最缺乏理智的表现。

见到一种新鲜的东西就跟着学，以为别人都在那么干，自己也就卷进去傻干——这在我看来，简直愚蠢至极，但皮蒂却不以为然。

3．一天下午，我看见皮蒂躺在床上，脸上显露出一种痛苦不堪的表情，我立刻断定他是得了阑尾炎。

“别动,”我说，“别吃泻药，我就请医生来。

”4．“浣熊，”他咕哝着说。

5．“浣熊?”我停下来问道。

6．“我要一件浣熊皮大衣，”他痛苦地哭叫着。