药学毕业论文开题报告范文
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药学毕业论文开题报告范文
1、选题意义和背景:
万古霉素(Vanycin, VCM)是糖肽类抗生素,1958 年被美国 FDA 批准上市。万古
霉素通过干扰细菌细胞壁合成而发挥杀菌作用。本品主要对革兰阳性(G+)菌具有强
大的杀菌活性,特别是耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌(Methicillin-
resistant staphylococcus aureus, MRSA)以及耐甲氧西林凝固酶阴性葡萄球菌
(Methicillin resistant coagulase negative staphylococcus, MRCNS).根据 2017 年中国
CHINET 细菌耐药性监测,MRSA 和 MRCNS 检出率分别平均为47.9%和 77.1%.由
于医院内上述耐药菌感染日趋严重,万古霉素越来越多地被应用于临床。然而,万
古霉素具有肾、耳毒性,严重者可导致肾衰竭或听力丧失,这些不良反应在老年人
中更易出现。因此,安全有效的应用该药物,最大程度减少药物对患者的损害,并
发挥药物的最佳疗效,引起临床高度关注。
2、论文综述/研究基础:
近年来,国内外关于万古霉素群体药动学(Population pharmacokinetics, PPK)研究
涉及新生儿、成年人、肥胖患者、肾功能不全患者等人群。Sanchez 等在141 例应
用万古霉素的患者中发现,老年人(≥65 岁,n=40)清除率(Clearancerate, CL)和表观
分布容积(Apparent volume of distribution, V)分别为(2.24 ±
1.2)L·h-1和(43.7 ± 5.1)L,而年轻人( 65 岁,n=101)CL 和 V 则分别为(4.03 ±
1.7)L·h-1和(28.4 ± 5.3)L,两个群体之间存在统计学差异(p 0.05)。福建医科大学附
属第一医院药学部课题组前期已建立成年患者万古霉素PPK 模型,可以为临床制
定万古霉素给药方案提供参考依据。为了进一步完善这一体系,本研究拟建立老年
患者万古霉素 PPK 模型,辅助临床实现个体化给药。
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酶放大免疫分析法监测万古霉素血药浓度的质控评估. 药学与临床研究, 2017,21