Phase Transformation and Microstructure DesignS. J. T. U.SJTU Thermodynamics of Materials Fall 2012© X. J. Jin Introduction 李伟Wei Li LecturerE-mail:weilee@Phone: 5474 5567Office: 闵行校区材料楼A503B 室Office Time: Wednesday 2:00-3:00 PM/Able.Acc2.Web/Template/View.aspx?courseType=0&courseId=5204&topMenuId=37502&menuType=4&action=view&type=&name=Phase Transformation and Microstructure DesignS. J. T. U.SJTU Thermodynamics of Materials Fall 2012© X. J. Jin Introduction Experiences QualificationsPhD in Metallurgy and Materials, The University of Birmingham,UK,2011 MSc in Material Science, Shanghai Jiaotong University, 2007BSc in Material Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiaotong University, 2004Employments2007.5‐8 Baosteel ‐NSC/Arcelor Automotive Steel Sheets Co.Ltd2012. 2‐Shanghai JiaoTong UniversityPhase Transformation and Microstructure DesignS. J. T. U.SJTU Thermodynamics of Materials Fall 2012© X. J. Jin Introduction 金学军Jin, Xue-jun ProfessorE-mail: jin@Phone: 5474 5560Office: 闵行校区材料楼A505B 室Office Time: Tuesday 2:00-3:00 PM/Able.Acc2.Web/Template/View.aspx?courseType=0&courseId=5204&topMenuId=37502&menuType=4&action=view&type=&name=Phase Transformation and Microstructure DesignS. J. T. U.SJTU Thermodynamics of Materials Fall 2012© X. J. Jin Introduction Experiences 2002.8 –Professor, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China 2012.6-7Visiting Professor at Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy, the University of Cambridge, UK 2001.1 –2001.12Visiting Scientist at Department of Materials Science and Engineering, MIT, USA2000.8 –2000.11Senior Visiting Fellow at Department of Materials Engineering, University of Wollongong, Australia 1997.7 –1999.5Postdoctoral Fellow, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China1997.6got the Ph. D. on Materials Physics from Shanghai Institute of Metallurgy, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, ChinaPhase Transformation and Microstructure Design S. J. T. U.SJTU Thermodynamics of Materials Fall 2012© X. J. Jin Introduction Research Interests Institute of Phase Transformation and Complex Microstructure Group leader :Prof.Xuejun Jin./Phase Transformation and Microstructure DesignS. J. T. U.SJTU Thermodynamics of Materials Fall 2012© X. J. Jin Introduction Make known each otherMake known each otherPhase Transformation and Microstructure DesignS. J. T. U.SJTU Thermodynamics of Materials Fall 2012© X. J. Jin Introduction Contents of today •What is Materials Science and Engineering?•The role of thermodynamics in MSE.•Cases•Introduction to the course / Syllabus•Review / KeywordsPhase Transformation and Microstructure DesignS. J. T. U.SJTU Thermodynamics of Materials Fall 2012© X. J. Jin Introduction 冯端，师昌绪，刘治国主编，材料导论，化学工业出版社，2002年5月第一版History of human being is a history o f materialsPhase Transformation and Microstructure DesignS. J. T. U.SJTU Thermodynamics of Materials Fall 2012© X. J. Jin IntroductionHistory of materials 人类社会发展的历史阶段常常用当时主要使用的材料来划分，如：石器时代、铜器时代和铁器时代。
及至今日，当由硅石(SiO2)提纯的单晶硅在信息技术(IT)应用中占绝对主导地位，到发现大有前途的高温超导材料竟然也是陶瓷材料时，材料科学家们不免惊呼：新的石器时代来临了。
这些事实说明材料的发展在人类社会发展中起了举足轻重的作用。
Phase Transformation and Microstructure DesignS. J. T. U.SJTU Thermodynamics of Materials Fall 2012© X. J. Jin Introduction 材料科学的发展带来计算机学科的飞速进步，才有今日个人电脑的普及。
计算机已经经历了电子管－〉晶体管－〉集成电路时代。
钨、钼做电极电子管Materials and computers晶体管锗、硅半导体集成电路硅石－多晶硅－单晶硅棒－单晶晶园－集成电路Phase Transformation and Microstructure DesignS. J. T. U.SJTU Thermodynamics of Materials Fall 2012© X. J. Jin Introduction113.5寸软盘存储容量为1.44Mb 。
CD 光盘(CD －ROM)存储容量提高到了650Mb 。
软盘用氧化铁磁性材料来存储0和1组成的信息。
CD 光盘是用高分子材料为基片，铝为反射层，靠基片上的凹坑来识别0和1，材料本身不起存储作用，所以，CD 光盘是只读存储器，不能“抹去信息而后重写”。
可反复重写的光盘CD －RW ，则靠几层薄膜材料在激光束照射下的变化来读取和写入信息。
它的容量也是650Mb 。
650Mb 意味着什么?比尔•盖茨的一张照片很说明问题。
Media materials and computers高55英尺，计330,000 页的资料上。
而且，节约了森林资源，于环保有利，因为木材是造纸原料。
Phase Transformation and Microstructure Design S. J. T. U.SJTU Thermodynamics of Materials Fall 2012© X. J. Jin Introduction 12Materials and aerocraftPhase Transformation and Microstructure DesignS. J. T. U.SJTU Thermodynamics of Materials Fall 2012© X. J. Jin Introduction13High temperature materials and aerocraft固定式或移动式发动机的热效率都随介质工作温度的提高而提高。
30多年来，大型喷气式飞机的发动机推力提高了5倍多，而发动机的重量只增加1~2倍，这主要靠高温合金的采用。
军用飞机的推力/重量比已由不到10:1提高到15:1Phase Transformation and Microstructure DesignS. J. T. U.SJTU Thermodynamics of Materials Fall 2012© X. J. Jin Introduction14Materials and lifePhase Transformation and Microstructure DesignS. J. T. U.SJTU Thermodynamics of Materials Fall 2012© X. J. Jin Introduction15Materials and lifeAccording to the BMG golf plate manufacturerTi club heads transfers 70% of the input energy to the ball.BMGs transfers 99%.the low elastic modulus and lower vibrational response provide a softer, more solid feel for better control when strikes the ball.Phase Transformation and Microstructure DesignS. J. T. U.SJTU Thermodynamics of MaterialsFall 2012© X. J. JinIntroductionBackground / BuildingMilwaukee Art Museum -Quadracci PavilionDesigner: Santiago CalatravaPhase Transformation and Microstructure DesignS. J. T. U.SJTU Thermodynamics of MaterialsFall 2012© X. J. Jin IntroductionBackground / BuildingTurning TorsoSweden2006 World Cup Soccer Allianz Arena, GermanyPhase Transformation and Microstructure DesignS. J. T. U.SJTU Thermodynamics of MaterialsFall 2012© X. J. JinIntroductionBackground / Building2008 Beijing Olympic Games : National StadiumBackground / RailwayS. J. T. U.Phase Transformation and Microstructure DesignSJTU Thermodynamics of Materials Fall 2012© X. J. Jin IntroductionPhase Transformation and Microstructure DesignS. J. T. U.SJTU Thermodynamics of MaterialsFall 2012© X. J. JinIntroductionBackground / BridgesNanpu Bridge,ShanghaiAkashi kaikyo Bridge , the world longest suspension bridge with a center span of 1,991m, JapanS. J. T. U.High strength steelsPhase Transformation and Microstructure DesignThe weight fraction of steel and iron in an average family car has decreased from 74% in 1978 to 67% in 1997. Yet over the same time period, that of high-strength steels has risen from 4% to 9%M. Militger, Science, 2002, 298: 975.SJTU Thermodynamics of Materials Fall 2012 © X. J. Jin Introduction21/70More steel is used than all other metals combinedS. J. T. U.Phase Transformation and Microstructure Design“Steel is strong, tough, easily formed and cheap. Its uses range from ships to paper clips. More steel is used than all other metals combined”.M. F. Ashby, D. Cebon, Teaching Engineering Materials: the CES EduPackSJTU Thermodynamics of Materials Fall 2012 © X. J. Jin Introduction22/70Large Quantity of Steel Products in ChinaS. J. T. U.Phase Transformation and Microstructure DesignAnnual steel production in 2011 is 696 million tons，about 45.5% of the World.year China World %2000 128 848 15.12001 151 850 17.72001 182 904 20.12003 222 970 22.82004 282 1069 26.32005 353 1147 30.72006 419 1251 33.42007 489 1351© X. J. Jin2008 500 13272009 560 12002010 627 14142011 696 1527SJTU Thermodynamics of MaterialsFall 201236.137.6 23 46.6Introduction44.7 45.5 23/70Large Quantity of Automobiles in ChinaS. J. T. U.Phase Transformation and Microstructure DesignAutomobile annual sale in 2011 is 18.51 million, ranked No.1 in the world.SJTU Thermodynamics of MaterialsFall 2012© X. J. JinIntroduction24/70Automobile lightweight and Safety—— Strive to develop advanced high strength steelS. J. T. U.Phase Transformation and Microstructure DesignAutomobile lightweight is urgent measure under the pressure caused by environment and resource¾～8% petrol saved if automobile weight reduced 10%*.Advanced high strength steel is the first choice of automobile structure materials1975 Mild Steel HSS and Bake Hard Advanced / Ultra HSS Iron Aluminum (includes castings) Plastic/Composites 2,180 140 -585 84 180 2005 1,751 324 111** 290 307 335 2007 1755 327 149** 284 327 340 2015 1,314 325 403** 244 369 364 Change From 1975 to 2015 Down 866 lbs. Up 185 lbs. Up 403 lbs. Down 341 lbs. Up 285 lbs. Up 184 lbs.*: Takehide SENUMA, ISIJ International, 2001, 41, 520-532SJTU Thermodynamics of MaterialsFall 2012© X. J. JinIntroduction25/70High strength steelsS. J. T. U.Phase Transformation and Microstructure DesignBMW 3 Series / a body structure weighing 230 kg with a highstrength steel content of 50% / The previous less than 5%Mercedes-Benz S-Class uses 38% high-strength steel / a lower body weight / an increase in torsional stiffness of 70% / improved crash performance.SJTU Thermodynamics of MaterialsFall 2012© X. J. JinIntroduction26/70*3rd generation AHSSS. J. T. U.Phase Transformation and Microstructure Design• • •UTS > 1000 MPa Elongation 20% or more Low cost（alloying elements、processing）70 60 50IFFeasible microstructure？TW IP Au st. ssHSSIF ISTW IP40 EL (%) 30 20 10 0 200MildBHCM nT RI P D HS L P AAQ& PChallenge OpportunityHSMART/CP4006008001000120014001600TS (MPa (MPa )20000MPa⋅% SJTU Thermodynamics of Materials Fall 2012 © X. J. Jin Introduction 27/70 D. K. Matlock, J. G. Speer, The 3rd International Conference on Advanced Structural Steels, Gyeongju, Korea, August 22-24, 2006, 774.1st AHSS <15000MPa⋅%2nd AHSS3rd AHSS50000MPa⋅%Processing along with Alloying Effects for Fe-C SteelsS. J. T. U.Phase Transformation and Microstructure DesignQ P Q TTRI P•Composition •ProcessingMicrostructure of Metastable Multi-scale Multi-phaseBleck, W. and K. Phiu-On, Effects of Microalloying in Multi Phase Steels for Car Body Manufacture. Microstructure and Texture in Steels, 2009: p. 145-163. SJTU Thermodynamics of Materials Fall 2012Application © X. J. Jin Microstructure Introduction Suwas, S., A. Bhowmik, and S. Biswas, Ultra-fine Grain Materials by Severe Plastic Deformation: to Steels. and Texture in Steels, 2009: p. 325-344.28/70* Schematic Process for QP & QPTS. J. T. U.Phase Transformation and Microstructure DesignQuenching: Fraction of Martensite Partioning: Carbon diffuse into residual austeniteC-Si-MnLath martensite ＋retained austenite in thin film15000MPa⋅%Tempering: for precipitationSpeer&Edmonds, 2003, QP T. Y. Hsu, 2007, QPTSJTU Thermodynamics of MaterialsMicroalloying + tempering = strengthening by precipitatoin > 15000MPa ⋅% Fall 2012 © X. J. Jin IntroductionT. Y. Hsu (Xu Zuyao)，Materials Science Forum (2007)29/70Four elements in MSES. J. T. U.Phase Transformation and Microstructure DesignPerformanceSynthesis/ ProcessingPropertiesSJTU Thermodynamics of MaterialsStructure/ CompositionFall 2012© X. J. JinIntroduction30/70Phase Transformation and Microstructure DesignS. J. T. U.SJTU Thermodynamics of Materials Fall 2012© X. J. Jin IntroductionMicrostructure and morphology材料科学是一个跨物理、化学等的学科。
