DEVELOPMENT REPORT - Saving Reindeer -- and a Community -- in Mongolia

ReferenceCase Studies – Examples of CompetenciesPage 1Surf the waves CCreate the waves DBStay afloatPROCESS REDESIGNBUSINESS MODEL INNOVATION PRODUCT INNOVATIONOPTIMISATIONAbility to innovateACOMPLIANCESTAKEHOLDER ENGAGEMENTAbility to scaleSus tainabili t y c ompet enc i es (Cas e s tudies ) I J onath on Hanks I CSR Retreat As ia 2013 Page 2© Incite 2008Risk getting dumpedGOVERNANCECOLLABORATIVE VALUE CREATION1Surf the waves CProcess re-design: Significantly change products or processes to address societal challenges at any stage of the value chain.Create the waves DBusiness model innovation: Introduce a new, viable business model that addresses societal challenges and which at scale could help to reverse unsustainable trendsBStay afloatOptimisation: Develop human potential and reduce resource use and toxicity per unit of value added.Product innovation: Create viable new products or services that address societal challengesAbility to innovateARisk getting dumpedGovernance: Provide direction and systemic management of the organisation’s purpose, risks and responsibilitiesCollaborative value creation: Partner with an external organisation to design, produce or distribute products or services to address societal challengesAbility to scaleSus tainabili t y c ompet enc i es (Cas e s tudies ) I J onath on Hanks I CSR Retreat As ia 2013 Page 3Organisation: Ford Motor Company and Affiliates Project description: FORD2GO, part of Ford’s Blueprint for Mobility. Collaboration and technology for car sharing. Research has shown that in Europe 56% of people would consider car sharing. In another study one car share vehicle replaces nine to 13 vehicles on the road. • Their response is FORD2GO, a collaboration between Ford Germany, it’s dealers, branches and repair shops. A network of almost 1 900 locations • Each location is encouraged to purchase one or two vehicles; these vehicles are then rented via keyless entry to car share clients • Each location receives 80% of the usage fee, a portion goes to Ford and a portion to the software developerSus tainabili t y c ompet enc i es (Cas e s tudies )IJ onath on HanksICSR Retreat As ia 2013© Incite 2008 Page 4Compliance: Track and comply with legal requirements.Engagement: Listen to, interact and transact with a range of stakeholders.2Organisation: Tesla Motors Project: Realising that vehicle range is a key issue for many consumers, Tesla Motors has two solutions:• With the 85kWh battery, charging at supercharger stations is free, for life and it takes only 40 minutes to charge the battery to 80% capacity. The 60kWh model can be upgraded for US$2 000 for life. • If customers are in a rush, a complete battery swap can be made in 90 seconds, for a fee of US$60-80, about the same as filling up with conventional fuel.Sus tainabili t y c ompet enc i es (Cas e s tudies )IJ onath on HanksICSR Retreat As ia 2013Page 5Organisation: General Electric Project Description: Embedding environmental and economic sustainability in your strategy, across your value chain and operations – Ecomagination: • In 2010 GE set a goal to grow ecomagination revenue at twice the company growth by 2015, this was achieved in 2012. • Shifting from sustainable technology (wind, solar, fuel cells) to solutions for mining and oil and gas. • GE Ventures invests in small business and scales up great ideas by providing capital, technical and commercial expertise. • GE has reduced its absolute GHG emissions by 32% on the 2004 baseline and reduced fresh water use by 46% on the 2006 baseline.Sus tainabili t y c ompet enc i es (Cas e s tudies )IJ onath on HanksICSR Retreat As ia 2013Page 63Organisation: BMW Group Project Name: Demographic change of employees, BMW identified that their workforce was aging, what did that mean for productivity and how can experience be leveraged? • Working with engineers, employees, physiotherpists and doctors to make workplaces more appropriate • Tilted screens, elastic flooring and education programmes about how to move keep peoples bodies healthy • Stress optimised job rotation and age and healthappropriate shift plans were also implemented • These changes and simulating the predicted age structure ensure the production lines are as efficient as everSus tainabili t y c ompet enc i es (Cas e s tudies )IJ onath on HanksICSR Retreat As ia 2013Page 7Organisation: Nike Project Description: Mapping the value chain and sharing your IP • Nike has fully mapped its global contract factories and gives each a rating, with the aim of incentivising good performance. • Nike’s impacts are split into six areas, Energy & Climate, Labour, Chemistry, Water, Waste and Community • Recently launched, MAKING, a mobile application that ranks materials based on their environmental sustainability • MAKING is free and aids designers to choose lower impact materials • Demonstrates how recycling, organic, green chemistry and water conservation impact on a material’s sustainabilitySus tainabili t y c ompet enc i es (Cas e s tudies )IJ onath on HanksICSR Retreat As ia 2013Page 84Organisation: Nike Project: Collaboration across divisions designing a shoe made from one thread: • Listening to feedback from runners and their focus on waste reduction led Nike to start a journey of innovation • A four year design phase involving programmers, engineers and designers to create the perfect technology • The shoe upper is woven from a single thread, reducing weight and minimising waste • Resulting in a shoe that is lighter, fits better and has 80% less waste than a standard running shoeSus tainabili t y c ompet enc i es (Cas e s tudies )IJ onath on HanksICSR Retreat As ia 2013Page 9Organisation: Dockers Project Name: Wellthread apparel, creating lasting value through product durability • Product durability – maintaining a garments integrity: a new long staple yarn that holds up to the recycling process • Incremental efficiencies in water and energy use, building on learnings from Levis Water<Less collection • Rethinking the relationship between Levi’s and it’s suppliers lead to a 30% cost reduction that will be passed on to consumers • Core factories and their surrounding communities will benefit from tailor made investments by Levi’sSus tainabili t y c ompet enc i es (Cas e s tudies )IJ onath on HanksICSR Retreat As ia 2013Page 105Organisation: Unilever Project Name: Sustainable living plan – working across the entire value chain. Recognising that the majorty of their impacts are in sourcing or consumer use, Unilever is tackling the issues: • The lifebuoy brand aims to reach 1 billion consumers, promoting the benefit of washing hands with soap at key times • A key part of the programme is better livelihoods for growers, 450 000 tea farmers have been trained to date and a methodology is in development for assessing improvements in smallholder livelihoodsPage 11Organisation: SABMiller Project Name: Developing a cassava-based beer, through localising supply chains, partnering with other organisations and enterprise development • Cassava is difficult to farm on a commercial scale due to the quick deterioration of the root once harvested • Cassava is one of the most widely grown subsistence crops in Africa • SABMiller partnered with the Dutch Agricultural Development and Trading Company, finding an innovative solution, a mobile cassava processing plant, producing a product ready for the brewery • Through localisation, the cost of brewing is reduced, 1 500 smallholder farmers have additional income and environmental impacts are reducedSustainability competencies (Case studies)IJonathon Hanks IEM M Network Retreat Bangkok 2013Page 126Organisation: Global e-Sustainability Initiative (GeSI) Project description: A global ICT business partnership for sharing knowledge and resources to drive sustainable innovation in the sector. • GeSI works to identify, understand and share ICT solutions to help individuals, businesses and governments to be more resource efficient. • The organisation has a diverse and global membership base comprising more than 30 of the world’s leading ICT firms. • GeSI offers a network of support for member organisations as they address climate change, energy efficiency, e-waste management, resource efficiency, responsible supply chain practices and human rights. • Building on its membership’s collective experience and technical knowledge, GeSI is a hub for thought leadership for the industry. • Examples of projects include a carbon abatement study on cloud computing, and cooperating with the World Resources Institute (WRI) to provide guidance for the ICT sector in applying the Greenhouse Gas Protocol.Sustainability competencies (Case studies) I Jonathon Hanks I EM M Network Retreat Bangkok 2013Page 13Organisation: Vodafone Foundation in partnership with the UN Foundation Project description: Collaborating to use ICT-based solutions to solve developmental challenges. • This five-year technology partnership commenced in 2005. It was one of the first high profile initiatives to breach the public / private divide. • The partnership deployed ICT solutions to three developmental challenges.• Challenge 1: reliable communications during humanitarian crises. The solution: rapid response telecoms deployment, improving use of and access to life-saving mobile and satellite technology. Challenge 2: access to healthcare. The solution: mobile health data systems giving health workers rapid and reliable access to the data on, for example, medicine stocks and disease outbreaks. Challenge 3: accelerate ICT innovation for social development. The solution: developing and sharing thought leadership, research and recommendations to NGOs, governments and different industries.••Sustainability competencies (Case studies)IJonathon Hanks IEM M Network Retreat Bangkok 2013Page 147Organisation(s): MTN Project description: MTN’s ReadySet solar charger released in selected African markets, including Rwanda and Uganda. • In response to energy access challenges in emerging markets, MTN has begun to distribute the ComekaReadySet. This portable energy device can charge phones, power lights, tablets, and other devices. • It can be charged using solar power or electricity. • This energy access allows for the use of mobile technology and the use of MTN’s services in energy poor communities. It removes the need for dangerous fuels to generate power and can charge up to 10 phones once fully charged. • Added to these benefits, ReadySets provide opportunities for local entrepreneurship, with small businesses selling power on to communities.Sustainability competencies (Case studies)IJonathon Hanks IEM M Network Retreat Bangkok 2013Page 15Organisation(s): Grameenphone Project description: Using renewable energy to power base stations. • Grameenphone started the “Building Greener Network” project in 2007, committing to reduce its GHG emissions by 40% by 2015. • Currently, 134 sites that were previously powered by diesel are powered by solar and wind power. This environmental goal had the added benefit of driving energy cost efficiency. • The aim is to extend this technology to sites that are currently using electricity from the national power grid. • Grameenphone has positioned this initiative as a case study for the industry.Sustainability competencies (Case studies)IJonathon Hanks IEM M Network Retreat Bangkok 2013Page 168Organisation(s): European Institute of Innovation and Technology (EIT) ICT Labs Project description: The ICT labs are Knowledge and Innovation Communities set up by EIT, as an initiative of the European Union. • With these labs, EIT brings academic institutions and private organisations together to drive European leadership in ICT innovation. The aim is to leverage this innovation for economic growth and to improve Europeans’ quality of life. • EIT has 110 partners across Europe, including large companies such as Deutsche Telekom, Nokia and Alcatel-Lucent. The labs stimulate innovation by facilitating dialogue and collaboration between researchers, academics and businesses. • The ICT labs are focused on specific innovation areas, including smart cities and smart energy systems. • One of the primary overarching objectives of research and collaboration is to enable the ICT sector to support the growth of small and medium enterprises.Sustainability competencies (Case studies)IJonathon Hanks IEM M Network Retreat Bangkok 2013Page 17Organisation(s): IBM Project description: Finding applications for ICT products in smarter, better functioning cities. • IBM’s strategy responds to an increasing demand for more interconnected approaches to city planning. These are approaches in which major amenities such as traffic, power and water are managed in an integrated way. • IBM has identified a role for ICT, and several concrete business opportunities in the “smart city” of the future. This includes the management and use of data as a basis for better decision-making and planning for cities, and in order to increase resource efficiency. • The project has worked with large sets of raw data, converting this into knowledge that can be applied to solve challenges faced by government and businesses. • The IBM Smarter Cities initiative has already engaged in 200 projects across many different cities. Establishing trust and longterm partnerships is a key part of the success of these projects.Page 189Organisation: Ghanaian Government Project description: Using Public Private Partnerships to drive infrastructure and economic development • Ghana is currently facing significant infrastructure challenges that are proving to be constraints to economic development. • Infrastructure, specifically roads linking areas of economic activity, has been identified as a key driver of development and job creation. • The Ghanaian government has identified Public Private Partnerships as the most efficient means of plugging the infrastructure deficit that exists in this middle-income country. • As part of this broader initiative, the Accra-Takoradi road is a very important project for the country. This is because the Takoradi port, the second largest seaport in the Greater Accra Region, serves about 35% of all sea freight into Ghana and undertakes exports of cocoa, timber, bauxite and manganese. The road will unlock further economic potential in the port. • As of 2013, the Ghanaian government has taken steps to determine the feasibility and design of the project.Page 19Organisation: KK Plastic Waste Management Project description: Redesigning the business model to turn waste into revenue • Rasool and Ahmed Khan were faced with a challenge. They had been running a successful plastic bag manufacturing business, when they were faced with a possible ban on all plastic bags in the city of Karnataka (India). • The brothers had been intrigued by the possibility of plastic bags being used as an input for road tar. With advice from experts at Bangalore University, they started with pothole repair, using a mix of plastic, tar, stones and aggregate. The new formula was found to be both effective and cost efficient. • Soon the plastic manufacturers were reborn as KK Waste Management. They were awarded a patent and the backing of the Central Roads Research Institute in Dehli. • The company has also boosted the livelihood of traditional kabaadiwalas (waste collectors) and rag pickers, who are paid INR6/kilo for the waste they collect from homes and streets.Page 2010Organisation(s):Lafarge and WWF global partnershipProject description:Partnering for sustainable development•The partnership has run from 2000-2013 (due for renewal thisyear), and is based on the guiding principles of: a collaborativerelationship, ongoing dialogue and mutual trust, leading to jointlydefined goals. The WWF is seen to be the “critical friend” in thisrelationship.•Key areas addressed are: Climate change; Persistent pollutants;Water management; Biodiversity; Sustainable construction•Local operations are empowered to act, linking with nationalPage 21。

Passage 1The Definition of the Human Development ReportThe Human Development Report (HDR) is an annual report published by the United Nations, aiming at raising awareness about human development around the world. It presents the current situation related to global development, points out the problems and seeks for ways to solve these problems.There are global Human Development Reports, such as Human Development Report 2007: Fighting climate change, national Human Development Reports, such as National Human Development 2018: China, and regional（区域的）Human Development Reports, such as Regional Human Development Report 2016: Africa.Passage 2The Human Development ReportIn the year 2000, 147 world leaders agreed to work together to reduce poverty by 2015 or earlier. From this agreement came the Human Development Report.One of the most important sections of this report is the Human Development Index. This examines the achievements of 175 countries. The Index measures a country’s achievements in three ways: life expectancy (how long people usually live), education and income. The index has some surprises. Norway is at the top of the list, while the US is at number 7. The other five countries are: Iceland (2), Sweden (3), Australia (4), the Netherlands (5). The UK is in the thirteenth position, while China is in the middle of the list. The bottom ten countries are all African countries, with Sierra Leone (in West Africa) at the bottom of the list.The report describes eight Development Goals. The most important goals are to:·reduce poverty and hunger; ·make sure that all children have education up to the age of 11;·fight AIDS and other diseases;·improve the environment of poor people, e.g. make sure they have safe drinking water, ·encourage developed countries to give more help to other countries.The 2003 Human Development Report gives examples of successful development. For example, in nine years (1953-1962)，China increased life expectancy by 13 years. In the last ten years in China, 150 million people moved out of poverty. However, the challenges are still great. Every day 799 million people in developing countries are hungry. Over half of these are in South Asia or Africa. Although more than 80% of children in developing countries go to primary school, about 115 million children are not being educated. More than 1 billion people in developing countries do not drink safe water. However, in other regions of the world, such as Eastern Europe, water is now mostly safe to drink.The report shows that we are making some progress but that we need to make greater efforts. Although developed countries give some financial help, they need to give much more. Interestingly, the countries that give the most money are the Netherlands, Norway and Sweden. These are among the five richest countries in the world, so it is right that they should do so.Passage 3Important Factors in A Human Development Report There are many factors which are used in a Human Development Report to measure the level of development of a country, the most important two of which include the Human Development Index (HDI) and GDP per capita (人均国内生产总值）.HDI is a measurement system developed by the UN to measure the level of the social and economic development of a country. It consists of three areas: income, education and life expectancy. Through analysis of the figures of these areas, here comes the HDI score. Generally speaking, the higher the HDI score is, the more prosperous(繁荣的) the country is.GDP is the total value of goods and services produced in a country for a particular period, mostly yearly. GDP per capita is got by dividing GDP by the total population. If the GDP per capita of a country is high, the country is more developed. In some cases, there’s a huge difference between GDP and GDP per capita. For instance, GDP of China is very close to that of the US economy, however, GDP per capita of China falls way behind the US because of its huge population.Passage 4Data Presenting the Level of DevelopmentRecently the United Nations has released the data which shows the level of development around the world in 2018. Here are some examples.Part 1Table 1Human Development Index, UN, 2018Table 2Human Development Databank, UN, 2018Part 2Some related data in 1990 has also been listed, from which we can see the development of China.Table 3Human Development Databank, UN, 2018 In 2018, Norway’s average education years is 12.6 years, about 1.5 times longer than that in China. However, from 1990 to 2018, the average education years has increased from 4.8 years to 7.8 years. It ’s grown by 62.5% , from 4.8 years, since 1990, which shows that China has made great progress in education.For more information, please click /en/data.Word list :regional (adj.)区域的 life expectancy 预期寿命the Human Development Index/HDI 人类发展指数prosperous(adj.) 繁荣的Gross Domestic Product(GDP) 国内生产总值 GDP per capita 人均国内生产总值 rank(n./v.) 名次/排名。

人类发展报告总结英语作文Title: Summary of Human Development Report。

The Human Development Report (HDR) is an annual publication by the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP), which provides insights into various aspects of human development worldwide. In this summary, we'll delve into the key findings and recommendations presented in the latest HDR.The latest HDR highlights several crucial aspects of human development, including education, healthcare, income distribution, and environmental sustainability. One of the primary focuses is on education, emphasizing its role in fostering human capabilities and promoting sustainable development. The report underscores the importance of quality education in enabling individuals to leadfulfilling lives and contribute to society effectively.Moreover, healthcare is identified as another criticaldeterminant of human development. Access to healthcare services, including essential medicines and vaccinations,is essential for improving overall well-being and life expectancy. The report stresses the need for equitable access to healthcare, particularly for marginalized and vulnerable populations.Income distribution emerges as a significant concern in the HDR, with a spotlight on reducing inequalities within and among countries. Addressing income disparities is crucial for ensuring inclusive growth and fostering social cohesion. The report calls for policies that promote fair wages, social protection systems, and progressive taxation to narrow the gap between the rich and the poor.Environmental sustainability is also a key theme in the HDR, underscoring the urgent need to address climate change and environmental degradation. Sustainable development requires balancing economic growth with environmental conservation and climate action. The report advocates for green technologies, renewable energy sources, and conservation efforts to mitigate the adverse effects ofclimate change and safeguard the planet for future generations.Furthermore, the HDR emphasizes the importance of gender equality in advancing human development. Empowering women and girls through education, healthcare, and economic opportunities is crucial for achieving sustainable development goals. The report calls for concerted efforts to eliminate gender-based discrimination and ensure equal rights and opportunities for all.In conclusion, the Human Development Report offers valuable insights into the multifaceted nature of human development and the challenges that need to be addressed to create a more equitable and sustainable world. By prioritizing education, healthcare, income distribution, environmental sustainability, and gender equality, countries can work towards building inclusive societies where every individual has the opportunity to thrive.。

英语作文-环保产业发展引导政策The development of the environmental protection industry is not just a response to ecological crises; it is a strategic move towards sustainable economic growth. Guiding policies play a crucial role in shaping the trajectory of this industry, ensuring that it aligns with broader environmental goals while fostering innovation and competitiveness.Environmental policies aimed at industry development must prioritize research and development (R&D). By incentivizing R&D through tax credits, grants, and subsidies, governments can encourage the creation of new technologies that reduce emissions and waste. These policies should also support the scaling up of promising innovations, facilitating their transition from the laboratory to the marketplace.Another key aspect is the establishment of clear regulatory standards. These standards, which can include limits on pollutants and requirements for energy efficiency, not only protect the environment but also create a level playing field for businesses. Companies that invest in cleaner technologies gain a competitive advantage, as they are better prepared to meet these regulations.Financial mechanisms are also essential. Low-interest loans, green bonds, and other financial products can provide the necessary capital for companies to invest in eco-friendly technologies. Moreover, these financial instruments can attract private investors looking to contribute to environmental sustainability while also seeking returns on their investments.Public awareness and education are equally important. Policies should aim to increase public understanding of environmental issues and the role of the environmental protection industry. This can be achieved through campaigns, educational programs, and partnerships with non-governmental organizations. An informed public is more likely to support and participate in sustainable practices, creating a market for green products and services.Furthermore, international collaboration is vital. Climate change and environmental degradation are global challenges that require coordinated action. Policies that promote the sharing of knowledge, technology transfer, and joint ventures can enhance the global capacity to address environmental issues. Such collaboration can also open up new markets for environmental goods and services, promoting economic growth.In conclusion, guiding policies for the development of the environmental protection industry must be multifaceted. They should foster innovation, set clear standards, provide financial support, educate the public, and encourage international cooperation. With these policies in place, the environmental protection industry can thrive, contributing to a healthier planet and a more sustainable economy. The success of these policies will be measured not just in economic terms but in the legacy they leave for future generations—a cleaner, greener world. 。

reindeerReindeer: An Iconic Symbol of the ArcticIntroductionReindeer, also known as caribou in North America, are fascinating creatures that reside in the Arctic regions of the world. These majestic animals have captivated the human imagination for centuries, serving as a symbol of the Arctic and playing a significant role in the lives of indigenous communities. From their physical adaptations to their social behavior, reindeer have adapted to survive in some of the harshest environments on Earth.Physical Characteristics and AdaptationsReindeer have several physical characteristics that enable them to thrive in the Arctic. One of their most notable features is their large, crescent-shaped antlers, which are primarily found in males. These antlers serve various purposes, including fighting other males during the mating season and digging through the snow to access food during the winter months.Another remarkable adaptation of reindeer is their thick fur, which consists of two layers. The outer layer is composed of long, hollow guard hairs that provide insulation against the cold temperatures, while the inner layer is a dense undercoat that helps maintain body heat. In addition, reindeer possess large hooves that act as snowshoes, preventing them from sinking into the snow and enhancing their mobility across the Arctic landscape.Diet and Feeding HabitsReindeer are herbivores, feeding primarily on grass, sedges, lichens, and mosses. During the summer months, when food is abundant, reindeer graze on grasses and other low-lying vegetation. However, during the long, harsh Arctic winters, these resources become scarce, and reindeer have a remarkable ability to dig through the snow and uncover hidden lichen and moss patches for sustenance. This adaptation allows them to survive in regions where other herbivores struggle to find food.Migration PatternsMigration is a prominent characteristic of reindeer behavior. It is especially evident in Arctic regions, where seasonal changes and resource availability strongly influence the distribution of reindeer herds. In many cases, reindeer herds undertake long-distance migrations, traveling hundreds or even thousands of kilometers. These journeys can be perilous, as herds face extreme weather conditions and the constant threat of predators. However, the ability to migrate allows reindeer to access different food sources and avoid areas with heavy snow or predators.Cultural SignificanceReindeer hold immense cultural significance for indigenous communities inhabiting the Arctic regions. Throughout history, these communities have relied on reindeer for sustenance, clothing, and transportation. Reindeer herding has been a traditional way of life for generations, as indigenous people have developed a deep bond with these animals. The reindeer's adaptability and ability to navigate harsh environments have made it an essential part of their culture and survival.Conservation ChallengesDespite their resilience, reindeer face several conservation challenges in modern times. Climate change is threatening their natural habitats, leading to reduced availability of food and altered migration patterns. Additionally, increased human activity in the Arctic, such as industrial development and infrastructure projects, disrupts reindeer migration routes and can cause disturbances to their populations. Conservation efforts must focus on addressing these challenges to ensure the long-term survival of reindeer.ConclusionReindeer are an iconic symbol of the Arctic, possessing remarkable physical adaptations and social behaviors that allow them to thrive in one of the harshest environments on Earth. Their large antlers, thick fur, and incredible migration capabilities make them a fascinating species to study. Moreover, reindeer hold cultural significance for indigenous communities who have depended on and coexisted with these majestic creatures for centuries. As we navigate the challenges of climate change and human encroachment on their territories, it is crucial to prioritize conservation efforts to protect reindeer and preserve the fragile Arctic ecosystems they call home.。

DEVELOPMENT REPORT - U.N. Report Warns of Risk to Goal to Cut Poverty by 2015By Jill MossBroadcast: Monday, September 12, 2005I'm Barbara Klein with the VOA Special English Development Report.The United Nations has released its two thousand five Human Development Report. The report shows that eighteen countries have moved down the list in terms of conditions for their people. Twelve are in central and southern Africa. The others are former Soviet republics.But the U.N. report says many other nations have made progress. It says people in developing countries are generally healthier, wealthier and better educated than they were fifteen years ago. And they are also more likely to live in a democratic system.The report says one hundred thirty million people escaped extreme poverty during the nineteen nineties. And more than one thousand million gained access to clean water. But the study says two and one-half thousand million people still live on less than two dollars a day. And around half as many still do not have safe water.The U.N. Development Program has published the yearly report sincenineteen ninety. This year's came out last week. Later this week is the WorldSummit in New York. Leaders will mark the sixtieth anniversary of the UnitedNations. They also will discuss progress over the past five years toward theU.N.'s Millennium Development Goals.One goal is to cut the number of people living in extreme poverty by fiftypercent by two thousand fifteen. Other goals are to reduce child deaths bytwo-thirds and to provide basic education for all children in the next ten years. The new Human Development Report warns that the goals are at risk. It says that without more money for development, there will be millions of deaths that could have been prevented. And, it says, more than eight hundred million people will still be living in extreme poverty. The number is almost four hundred million higher than the target for two thousand fifteen.The U.N. report says developing nations must seek investment and fight dishonesty. But it says economic growth alone will not help most countries reach the goal to reduce poverty. It says they must also fight social inequalities and respect human rights.Finally, the report calls for major changes to international policies on aid, trade and security. It United Nationssays the world has the resources to end poverty, but must also have the political will.This VOA Special English Development Report was written by Jill Moss. Our reports are on the Internet at . I'm Barbara Klein.。

重复利用塑料罐可以做什么东西英语作文全文共6篇示例，供读者参考篇1What Can You Make by Reusing Plastic Bottles?Did you know that plastic bottles don't have to go straight into the trash or recycling bin after you're done drinking from them? With a little creativity and effort, you can turn those empty bottles into all sorts of cool things! It's a great way to reuse plastic instead of just throwing it away. Plus, making stuff out of recycled bottles is fun and good for the environment.篇2Reusing Plastic Containers: A World of Possibilities!Did you know that plastic containers can be reused to make all sorts of awesome things? It's true! Instead of just throwing them away, we can turn those empty bottles and jars into fun projects. Reusing plastic is great for the environment too since it means less trash ending up in landfills and oceans. Plus, it lets us get creative and make useful or decorative items for free! Let me tell you about some of the cool stuff you can make.One of the easiest things is turning a plastic bottle into a planter. Just cut off the bottom portion, make some drainage holes, fill it with soil, and plant some seeds or a little seedling. You can even decorate the bottle with stickers, drawings, or paint to make it look really pretty. Imagine having a whole garden of unique planters you made yourself! They also make great gifts for Mother's Day, a teacher, or a friend's birthday.Plastic bottles can also become nifty storage containers. A large bottle can hold pencils, markers, or art supplies. A smaller one is perfect for storing beads, rubber bands, or other little doodads. My favorite is using a clear plastic jar to make a piggy bank. Just cut a slit in the lid, decorate the jar however you want, and start saving up! It's much more fun than a boring old porcelain pig.For us crafty kids, there are tons of possibilities with plastic containers. Did you know you can cut and fold plastic bottles into pretty shapes and link them together into bracelets, necklaces, and even purses? My friend Emily made this awesome rainbow bracelet for her mom's birthday. You can also cut the bottom off a bottle, decorate it with pompoms or tassels, and make a funky vase for flowers or a colorful pencil holder.Another awesome use for those big plastic jugs is turning them into bird feeders! Just clean them out really well, cut some holes towards the top, fill with bird seed, and hang them up in your backyard or a tree. Be sure to put something like a wooden rod or dowel across the holes so the birds can perch while they eat. My little brother and I made one of these for his Cub Scout project and we got to see all kinds of birds visiting our feeder.Plastic bottles even make decent mini-greenhouses for starting seeds early before putting them in your outdoor garden. Cut the bottle in half, put some drainage holes in the bottom portion, add soil and seeds, and put the top back on. The plastic creates a little humid environment to help the seeds sprout. Once the seedlings get bigger, you can take the tops off or transplant them outside.If you're more of an artsy kid, you'll love all the decoration possibilities with plastic containers. My friend Tania made the coolest DIY lanterns by cutting designs into plastic bottles with a safety scissors or having her mom use a hot tool. When you put a votive candle or string of Christmas lights inside, the patterns glow and look so magical! For Christmas, you can turn a big plastic jug into Santa, a snowman, a reindeer, or other holidaydecorations just by painting it, adding eyes and other features, and getting creative.Another random idea is using plastic bottles to make shakers for music class. Just put in a handful of beads, coins, dried pasta, or whatever sounds good when you shake it. My music teacher had us do this when we were learning about rhythm and beat patterns. I brought in an empty spice jar to use and decorated it with stickers - it sounded great篇3Reusing Plastic Containers: Endless Possibilities for Fun Crafts!Hi there! My name is Sophie and I'm 10 years old. Today I want to tell you all about how you can take those plastic containers you have at home and turn them into awesome crafts and toys! It's so much fun and it helps the planet too by reusing things instead of throwing them away.One of my favorite things to make is piggy banks out of plastic containers! You can use all sorts of containers like big peanut butter jars, milk jugs, or even soda bottles. First you need to clean them out really well and let them dry completely. Then comes the fun part - decorating! You can paint them withcolorful designs, glue on stickers or pom poms, or cover them in washi tape. Don't forget to cut a hole in the top to put your coins and dollars in! I made a really cool piggy bank that looks like a little house by painting a milk jug and gluing on popsicle sticks for the roof.Another awesome craft is making planters to grow little plants or flowers. Again, you can use all kinds of containers - the fancier the shape, the cooler it will look! Just poke some holes in the bottom for drainage and fill it with potting soil. Old soup cans or plastic tubs make perfect little plant homes. My grandma helped me make a whole garden of recycled planters and they look so pretty on our patio.But plastic containers aren't just for making things to save money - you can also turn them into really fun toys! One of my favorites is making spinning tops out of bottles. You just need to cut off the bottom of a plastic bottle, put a penny or bead in the middle for weight, and draw a circle design on the bottom with permanent marker. Spin them on a flat surface and they'll twirl around so fast! My brother and I had a contest to see whose top could spin the longest.If you have bigger containers like laundry detergent bottles, you can turn those into awesome building block sets! Just cutthem into different shapes and sizes, decorate them however you want, and then snap or stack them together to build all kinds of crazy structures. My friend Julia made an entire castle this way! You can even use string or pipe cleaners as connectors between the pieces.Sometimes I'll take old plastic containers on hikes or to the beach to use as scoops for collecting things like rocks, shells, or cool leaves and flowers. You can punch holes in the bottom and turn them into shakers or noisemakers for music time too. And saving containers to use for art supplies like holding paint, beads, googly eyes, or whatever always comes in handy.The possibilities really are endless when it comes to reusing plastic instead of throwing it away! It saves money, helps the environment, and lets you tap into your creativity. My parents are always impressed with the neat things I come up with. Sometimes it's hard to even tell my crafts and toys started out as just old plastic containers headed for the trash or recycling bin.So next time you go to toss out those containers, stop and think about how you could transform them into something awesome instead! Let your imagination run wild - you might just surprise yourself with what you can make. Get your friends and family involved too so you can swap ideas and creations. Whoknows, you might even start a cool new trend at school with your recycled masterpieces! Just remember to have fun with it and get those creative juices flowing. Happy making!篇4Reusing Plastic Containers: A World of Possibilities!Hi there! My name is Timmy and I'm going to tell you all about the awesome things you can make by reusing plastic containers. Plastic containers are those bottles, jars, jugs, and tubs that foods and other products come packaged in. Instead of just throwing them away, you can turn them into the coolest arts and crafts projects and toys!One of the first things I ever made from a plastic container was a piggy bank. I took an empty plastic bottle, cut a slit in the cap, and decorated it with stickers, markers, paint, and glitter. Whenever I got some coins, I would slide them through the slit and listen to them clink inside. It was fun to watch my savings grow! Making a piggy bank is an easy way to reuse a container and learn about money at the same time.Another favorite reusing project of mine is making containers into houses or castles for my action figures and dolls. You can use bottles of all shapes and sizes - small ones makegreat single rooms and bigger ones can be multi-room playhouses. Just cut out windows, doors, and decorate the outside however you want with paint, markers, stickers. You can even use smaller containers attached to the main one as turrets or side rooms. My Transformers figures love battling in my soda bottle fortress!If you like crafting, plastic containers opened up a whole new world of possibilities for me. Did you know you can use the bottoms of bottles and containers as stamps for painting and printmaking? Just dip them in paint and stamp away on paper or fabric. The patterns and designs you can make are endlessly creative. Stamping is messy fun!Bigger containers can be turned into amazing DIY projects too. My dad helped me turn a big plastic jar into a terrarium for growing little plants. We put pebbles and soil inside, planted some seeds, and had our own mini greenhouse. It was so cool watching the seeds sprout and the plants grow in our homemade nature display.For holidays and special occasions, plastic containers became the perfect material for making decorations and gifts. One year for Mother's Day, I decorated a bottle with tissue paper, ribbons, fresh flowers, and wrote "MOM" on it to use as a vase.For Christmas, my friend and I made Santa Claus figures by stuffing plastic jugs with batting and using smaller bottles for his arms and legs. We painted them red and added a belt and hat. They made great ornaments!But my absolute favorite things to make from reusing plastic containers are musical instruments and toys! Plastic bottles with some beans or rice inside become incredible shakers for music and dance. Running a stick or pencil along the grooves in lids makes a nifty guiro sound. You can even make drums by stretching balloons over the open ends of bottles and containers. My friends and I put on whole concerts with our homemade plastic bottle band!When it comes to toys, the possibilities are endless. I've made tops, pull-toys, marble runs, cars, planes, and so much more just from bottles, caps, and assorted plastic pieces. My personal masterpiece is the incredible ball shooter/maze game I constructed from two big pretzel containers. I attached the containers together, cut holes, and used toilet paper tubes as the maze paths. You load a plastic ball into one end and have to tilt the whole thing perfectly to get the ball to the finish. It's crazy hard but super fun!As you can see, there are just so many amazing crafts, toys and projects you can create simply by reusing and repurposing plastic containers instead of throwing them away. You'll be surprised by your own creativity and resourcefulness! Not only is reusing containers great for the environment by cutting down on waste, but it's also an inexpensive way to make your own custom playthings. Just use your imagination and have fun! You'll be making awesome stuff in no time. Now if you'll excuse me, I have to go put the finishing touches on my latest masterpiece - a rocket ship made from liter bottles for my Buzz Lightyear figure to explore!篇5Plastic Bottle Magic!Have you ever looked at an empty plastic bottle and thought it was just trash? Well, think again! Those plastic bottles we throw away after drinking a soda or juice can actually be transformed into all sorts of amazing creations. With a little creativity and some basic tools, you can turn those bottles into fun toys, decorations for your room, and even useful things for your home. Let me share some awesome ideas for reusing plastic bottles!One of the coolest things you can make is a rocket ship! Imagine launching your very own spaceship into the sky. All you need is a plastic bottle, some cardboard, paint or markers to decorate, and a balloon. First, cut a small hole in the bottom of the bottle for the balloon to fit through. Then create fun rocket ship details out of cardboard like fins, a nose cone, and windows. Decorate it however you want with paints or markers. Finally, blow up the balloon, hold the end in the bottle opening, and let it go for blast off! Your rocket will soar high into the air. Just be sure to do this outside where there's plenty of open space.You can also turn plastic bottles into awesome planters for your garden. Simply cut around the bottle about one-third of the way down. The bottom part becomes the planter and the top forms a funnel for watering the plant. Decorate the planter with stickers, drawings, or paint. Then fill it with potting soil and plant some seeds or a small plant inside. Make sure to poke drainage holes in the bottom. You'll be able to watch your plant grow while recycling that bottle. Lining up several of these planters makes a cool decorative display.Another fantastic idea is plastic bottle piggy banks! These are perfect for saving up your allowance or coins you find around the house. Just clean out a bottle really well and let it fully dry.Then cut a slit in the bottle near the top just big enough for coins to fit through. You may need an adult's help cutting the slit. Now you can start dropping coins inside through the slit at the top. Once it's full, you'll have quite the stash! Decorate the outside with drawings, stickers, washi tape, or anything you'd like. You can even give your piggy bank a fun face.For all my fellow artists and creatives out there, plastic bottles can be transformed into tons of incredible art supplies. The bottom halves make perfect fill-able paint pots or holders for brushes, markers, colored pencils and more. Just clean them out thoroughly first. And the bottles themselves can be cut into fun shapes like circles, squares and triangles to make your own custom stampers for printmaking. Just dip the plastic shape into paint and stamp away on paper! You can also cut bottles into strips and weave them into colorful coasters or placemats. The plastic is so durable and long-lasting.One of my personal favorites is turning plastic bottles into adorable animals, dinosaurs, or even little superheroes! This does take a bit more effort and some help from an adult, but the results are amazing. Start by cutting off the bottom third of a plastic bottle. This forms the body. Then sculpt a head and legs out of modeling clay, attaching them to the bottle body. Let yourimagination go wild sculpting fun details and features. Once it's all done, you can paint your creation however you'd like. Maybe a pink pig, a ferocious T-rex, or a squirrel collecting nuts. The possibilities are endless!So you see, plastic bottles really are incredible materials for making all sorts of neat stuff! Instead of just throwing them away, look at them with a creative eye. With some simple tools, a bit of effort, and plenty of imagination, you can turn those plastic bottles into toys, decorations, art supplies, and more. Not only will you be making awesome things, but you'll be helping the environment too by reusing and recycling. Every plastic bottle you keep out of the trash is a win! So next time you go to toss one in the bin, stop and think about the plastic bottle magic you could create instead.篇6What Can You Make with Reused Plastic Containers?Have you ever wondered what you could do with all those empty plastic containers lying around your house? Instead of throwing them away, you can turn them into something super cool and fun! Reusing plastic containers is a great way to help the environment and let your creativity shine. There are so manyamazing things you can make with just a little bit of imagination and some basic supplies. Let me share with you some of my favorite ideas!Piggy Banks and Coin HoldersOne of the easiest and most practical things you can make with plastic containers is a piggy bank or coin holder. All you need is an empty plastic bottle or jar with a lid. Decorate the outside with stickers, paint, glitter, or anything else you like. Then, cut a slot in the lid or the side of the container to insert your coins. It's a fun way to save up your allowance or loose change! You can even make different piggy banks for different goals, like saving for a new toy or a special trip.Planters and Hanging GardensIf you love plants and gardening, you'll be thrilled to know that plastic containers can be turned into adorable planters and hanging gardens. Start by cleaning out an old plastic bottle or container and poking holes in the bottom for drainage. Then, fill it with soil and plant your favorite seeds or seedlings. Decorate the outside with paint, markers, or even by wrapping it in colorful yarn or fabric. For a hanging garden, simply tie a string or wire around the neck of the bottle and hang it up! You can growherbs, flowers, or even small vegetables in your homemade planters.Pencil Holders and Desk OrganizersEvery student needs a place to keep their pens, pencils, and other school supplies organized. With a little creativity, you can turn plastic containers into fun and functional pencil holders or desk organizers. Cut off the top of a plastic bottle or use a square container like a butter tub. Decorate the outside however you like, and voila! You've got a unique and eco-friendly way to keep your desk tidy. You can even divide larger containers into sections for different items, like one for pens, one for scissors, and one for erasers.Bird Feeders and BirdhousesIf you love watching birds in your backyard, why not make them a special treat with a homemade bird feeder or birdhouse? For a feeder, clean out an old plastic bottle and poke holes in the sides. Fill it with bird seed, hang it up, and watch as your feathered friends come to visit! To make a birdhouse, you'll need a larger container like a milk jug or plastic tub. Cut out an entrance hole, add a perch, and decorate the outside to make it look cozy and inviting for your neighborhood birds.Piggy banks, planters, pencil holders, and bird feeders are just the beginning! With a little imagination, you can turn plastic containers into all sorts of amazing creations. Why not try making a kaleidoscope, a rain stick, or even a miniature greenhouse? The possibilities are endless!Not only is reusing plastic containers a fun and creative activity, but it's also great for the environment. By giving these containers a second life, you're helping to reduce waste and conserve natural resources. Plus, you're showing that with a little bit of effort, we can all do our part to make the world a greener and cleaner place.So, the next time you finish a bottle of juice or a tub of yogurt, don't throw away the container. Instead, hold onto it and let your creativity flow. You might just surprise yourself with the incredible things you can make from something that would otherwise end up in the trash. Happy crafting!。

英文作文reportTitle: The Impact of Renewable Energy on Global Sustainability。

Introduction。

Renewable energy has emerged as a critical solution to mitigate the challenges posed by climate change and ensure sustainable development worldwide. This report aims to explore the multifaceted impact of renewable energy sources on global sustainability, encompassing environmental, economic, and social dimensions.Environmental Impact。

One of the most significant benefits of renewable energy lies in its minimal environmental footprint. Unlike fossil fuels, which emit greenhouse gases and contribute to air and water pollution, renewable energy sources such as solar, wind, and hydropower generate electricity withlittle to no emissions. By reducing reliance on fossil fuels, renewable energy plays a pivotal role in mitigating climate change, preserving biodiversity, and safeguarding ecosystems.Moreover, the deployment of renewable energy technologies helps to conserve natural resources and reduce environmental degradation associated with resource extraction and transportation. For instance, solar panels utilize abundant sunlight, wind turbines harness thekinetic energy of the wind, and hydroelectric dams leverage the power of flowing water, thereby minimizing the depletion of finite resources and preserving ecological balance.Economic Impact。

环境发展英语报告作文Title: The Evolution of Environmental Awareness: A Comprehensive Report。

Introduction:Environmental development has become a paramount concern globally, with escalating awareness about the urgent need for sustainable practices. This report delves into the evolution of environmental consciousness, examining key milestones, challenges, and future prospects.Historical Perspective:The journey of environmental awareness traces back to the mid-20th century, marked by seminal events such as the publication of Rachel Carson's "Silent Spring" in 1962, which catalyzed public discourse on pesticide use and its ecological impacts. Subsequent decades witnessed the emergence of Earth Day in 1970, signaling a pivotal momentin galvanizing environmental activism worldwide.Legislative Framework:The evolution of environmental awareness has been closely intertwined with legislative interventions aimed at mitigating pollution and conserving natural resources. Landmark legislations such as the Clean Air Act and the Clean Water Act in the United States set precedence for regulatory measures to combat environmental degradation. Globally, the adoption of the Kyoto Protocol in 1997 and the Paris Agreement in 2015 underscored the imperative for international cooperation in addressing climate change.Technological Innovations:Advancements in technology have played a pivotal rolein enhancing environmental sustainability across various sectors. From renewable energy solutions like solar and wind power to eco-friendly transportation alternatives such as electric vehicles, innovation has been instrumental in reducing carbon emissions and mitigating environmentalimpact. Furthermore, the advent of precision agricultureand sustainable practices in industries like manufacturing and construction signifies a paradigm shift towards greener, more efficient production methods.Challenges and Roadblocks:Despite significant progress, the journey towards environmental sustainability is fraught with challenges. Economic interests often clash with environmentalpriorities, leading to debates over trade-offs between development and conservation. Additionally, issues such as biodiversity loss, deforestation, and plastic pollutionpose formidable obstacles to achieving long-term ecological balance. Overcoming these challenges requires concerted efforts from governments, industries, and civil society to enact holistic solutions that reconcile environmental concerns with socio-economic development.Public Awareness and Advocacy:One of the most encouraging trends in environmentaldevelopment is the growing public awareness and grassroots advocacy initiatives. Social media platforms have amplified environmental messaging, enabling grassroots movements to mobilize support and raise awareness on pressing issues. Youth-led campaigns, such as the Global Climate Strikes spearheaded by Greta Thunberg, have captured international attention, demonstrating the power of collective action in driving policy change and corporate accountability.Education and Empowerment:Education plays a crucial role in fostering environmental stewardship and empowering individuals to enact meaningful change in their communities. Incorporating environmental literacy into school curricula and promoting experiential learning opportunities can cultivate a generation of eco-conscious citizens equipped with the knowledge and skills to address environmental challenges proactively. Furthermore, initiatives aimed at promoting environmental justice and inclusivity are essential for ensuring equitable access to environmental resources and opportunities.Future Outlook:Looking ahead, the trajectory of environmental development hinges on collective action and visionary leadership. Embracing sustainable practices, harnessing technological innovations, and fostering international cooperation are imperative for tackling pressing environmental issues such as climate change, biodiversity loss, and resource depletion. By cultivating a culture of environmental responsibility and resilience, we can chart a course towards a more sustainable and equitable future for generations to come.Conclusion:In conclusion, the evolution of environmental awareness reflects humanity's evolving relationship with the natural world, characterized by both progress and challenges. As we navigate the complexities of the 21st century, it is imperative to uphold the principles of environmental stewardship, equity, and intergenerational justice. Byworking together towards a common vision of sustainability, we can forge a brighter future for our planet and all its inhabitants.。

The United Nations is calling for billions of dollars to be spent by governments to fight climate change and greenhouse gasses to stem rising global temperatures.联合国呼吁各国政府投资数十亿美元来对抗气候变化和温室气体等问题，进而阻止全球气温的不断上升。

A United Nations report released Tuesday calls for major spending of nearly $600 billion by governments to deal with the impact of global warming.周二，联合国报告呼吁各国政府投入近60亿美元以处理全球气温上升带来的问题。

The report, Promoting Development, Saving the Planet, said that up to $1 trillion a year would be needed to deal with issues of climate change in the future.报告“促进发展，拯救地球”提到，未来需要每年投入十亿美元处理气候变化带来的相关问题。

The report also said that climate change cannot be battled by relying exclusively on cutting emissions or market-based solutions.It said the global community needed to be as serious about committing resources "on the same scale" to combating global warming as countries were during the the rescue of global economies during the financial crisis.报告同时还提到，对抗气候变化不可以一味依赖减少排放和市场的方法。

The Human Development Report (HDR) is an annual milestone published by the Human Development Report Office of the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP).[2]As of 2013 the last decade saw convergence in human development indicators (HDI) values globally, although progress was uneven within and between regions. Developing countries' transformation into major economies with growing political influence has impacted human development progress.[3]Projections in the 2013 report suggested that by 2020 the combined economic output of three leading developing countries alone—Brazil, China and India—will surpass the aggregate production of Canada, France, Germany, Italy, the United Kingdom and the United States. This shift has related to trade and technology partnerships between emerging economies.[4]However economic growth does not automatically translate into human development progress, so reports have highlighted the need for pro-poor policies and investments in capacity building with a focus on education, nutrition, health and employment skills.The 2013 report identified four areas of focus for sustainable development:∙enhancing equity, including on the gender dimension;∙enabling greater voice and participation of citizens, including youth;∙confronting environmental pressures; and∙managing demographic change.It also critiqued global governance and outdated institutions that do not do reflect economic and geopolitical reality.The report was first launched in 1990 by the Pakistani economist Mahbub ul Haq and Indian Nobel laureate Amartya Sen.[1] Its goal was to place people at the center of the development process in terms of economic debate, policy and advocacy. Development was characterized by the provision of choices and freedoms resulting in widespread outcomes.“People are the real wealth of a nation,” Haq wrote in the opening lines of the first report in 1990. “The basic objective of development is to create an enabling environment for people to enjoy long, healthy and creative lives. This may appear to be a simple truth. But it is often forgotten in the immediate concern with the accumulation of commodities and financial wealth.”The United Nations General Assembly has formally recognized the Report as “an independent intellectual exercise” and “an important tool for raising awareness about human development around the world.”The Human Development Report is an independent report, commissioned by the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP), and is the product of a selected team of leading scholars, development practitioners and members of the Human Development Report Office of UNDP.It is a report independent of the Administrator of the UNDP, as suggested by Ul Haq.[5] It is translated into numerous languages and launched in more than 100 countries annually.[1]Since 1990, more than 140 countries have published some 600 national Human Development Reports, with UNDP support. UNDP has also sponsored scores of regional reports, such as the ten-volume Arab Human Development Report series, which have made internationally recognized contributions to the global dialogue on democracy, women’s rights, inequality, poverty eradication and other critical issues.The 2010 Human Development Report’s review of human development trends showed that most developing countries made dramatic yet often underestimated progress in health, education and basic living standards since 1970 with many of the poorest countries posting the greatest gains.In the 2010 Report, the Sultanate of Oman was reported to be the most improved country in the past 40 years out of the 135 countries assessed (the report reported on improvement in the period 1970-2010). Oman's strides in education, women empowerment and health care under the patronage of the current Sultan of Oman led to it securing the 1st position.Several new indices have been introduced over the years in different reports, including the Human Development Index, the Gender-related Development Index, the Gender Empowerment Measure, the Human Poverty Index.[1] The Gender-related Development Index, the Gender Empowerment Measure and the Human Poverty Index were removed in 2010. The 2010 Human Development Report introduced three new indices the Inequality-adjusted Human Development Index, the Gender Inequality Index, and the Multidimensional Poverty Index. Each Report has its own focus drawn from contemporary debate.The 2009 Human Development Report, Overcoming Barriers, focused on migration - both within and beyond borders. It was chosen because it is a prominent theme in domestic and international debates. Its starting point is that the global distribution of capabilities is extraordinarily unequal, and that this is a major driver for movement of people.。

中国可再生能源产业发展报告中英文版IntroductionRenewable energy has become an increasingly important part of China's energy mix over the past decade. This is driven by a range of factors, including a desire to reduce dependence on foreign oil and gas, cut air pollution and carbon emissions, and foster technological innovation. China is now one of the world's largest producers of renewable energy, with a strong focus on wind, solar, and hydropower.China Renewable Energy Development ReportThe China Renewable Energy Development Report is a comprehensive study of China's renewable energy sector. This report provides an overview of China's renewable energy resources and their potential for development, as well as an analysis of the industry's current state and major trends. The report is also designed to provide guidance for policymakers and investors. The report is available in both Chinese and English, and is produced by the China National Renewable Energy Centre.Overview of China's Renewable Energy ResourcesChina has a vast and diverse range of renewable energy resources, including: solar, wind, hydro, geothermal, tidal, and biomass. China is particularly rich in solar and wind resources, with large swathes of the country experiencing high levels of sunlight and strong winds. China is also home to many large rivers and has significant hydroelectric potential, with over 3000 large and medium-sized dams in operation.Current State of China's Renewable Energy IndustryChina's renewable energy industry has experienced rapid growth over the past decade. According to the report, China invested $134 billion in renewable energy projects in 2020, more than any other country in the world. China also ranks first in the world in terms of installed capacity for both wind and solar power. In 2020, China had a total installed capacity of 282 GW for wind power and 254 GW for solar power.Challenges Facing the Renewable Energy Industry in ChinaDespite the success of China's renewable energy industry, there are still some challenges that need to be addressed. One of the main challenges is the lack of adequate infrastructure to support the growth of the industry. This includes issues such as grid integration, energy storage, and transmission. The Chinese government has invested heavily in the construction of new transmission lines and grid upgrades in recent years, but more needs to be done to ensure that renewable energy can be integrated into the national grid more effectively.Another challenge facing the industry is the relatively high cost of renewable energy compared to traditional energy sources. While the cost of renewable energy has decreased significantly in recent years, it still remains more expensive than traditional sources such as coal and natural gas. The government has introduced a range of subsidies and incentives to encourage investment in the sector, but more needs to be done to make renewable energy more competitive in the market.ConclusionChina's renewable energy sector has made significant progress in recent years and has become a major player in the global renewable energy market. The China Renewable Energy Development Report provides an in-depth analysis of the sector, highlighting both its successes and the challenges that need to be addressed. While there are still obstacles to overcome, there is no doubt that China's renewable energy sector will continue to grow and play an increasingly important role in the country's energy mix.。

6.02Development Report - Could Women Solve the Food Crisis?This is the VOA Special English Development Report.On Tuesday, the United Nations will open a "food summit" in Rome. Leaders and high-level officials from around the world will meet at the Food and Agriculture Organization headquarters. The F.A.O. says they will discuss the effects of rising food prices, limited resources, climate change, increased energy needs and population growth.The United Nations agency says the three-day summit offers a historic chance to re-launch the fight against hunger and poverty. Another goal is to increase agricultural production in developing countries.Poor countries will likely spend up to one hundred seventy billion dollars this year to import food -- up forty percent from last year.A new report says agricultural prices should ease from their recent record highs. International prices for most crops have started to drop, mainly because of increased production.But over the next ten years, food prices are expected to average well above levels of the past ten years. World grain supplies are low and need to be refilled, and food crops are being used to make biofuels.The report came from the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development and the F.A.O.The F.A.O. has suggested several measures to deal immediately withthe situation. These include supplying food to at–risk populations and seeds, fertilizer and animal feed to local farmers.But what about long-term answers to food security? The International Center for Research on Women says one answer is investing more in female farmers.Rekha Mehra is the director for economic and development issues at the Washington-based nonprofit. She says improving women's ability to get resources and technology can directly increase agricultural productivity.After all, women produce as much as eighty percent of the food in developing countries. In parts of Africa, for example, men are responsible for cash crops while women are generally responsible for food crops. And, around the world, women are the ones mainly responsible for their families' nutrition.Women farmers usually have to own land to receive loans and other resources. Yet, in many developing countries, women do not have property rights like men have.Rekha Mehra says the right to own land will lead to greater investment in the land. She says world leaders need to think about these gender issues when they meet in Rome this week.And that's the VOA Special English Development Report, written by Jill Moss.6.11Development Report - Helping Foods Keep Their CoolThis is the VOA Special English Development Report.Before refrigerators, homes usually had ice boxes. But another way to keep food cool without the need for electricity is to use an evaporative cooler. This is easy to make and does not even use ice.A common design is a tall box with food placed on several shelves inside. The shelves are pieces of metal with many small holes through them. The sides of the box are covered with pieces of thick cloth.Containers of water are placed at the top and bottom of the cooler. The ends of each piece of cloth lie in the water so the cloth stays wet.Put the cooler in the open air but not in the sun. Air will pass through the wet cloth. The inside of the box will stay several degrees cooler than the outside air temperature. And this may be cool enough to keep foods fresh at least for a short time.Cold storage in a freezer, however, can keep foods in good condition for months after the growing season. Yet foods can be damaged if they are kept too cold.The British development group Practical Action says the best way to prepare foods for storage is at harvest time while still in the field. Use a sharp knife to avoid damage.Place the harvested items on a clean surface or directly into storage containers. Do not put them on the ground.Use clean water to remove dirt, and keep the water clean. Usually it is better not to remove outer leaves from fruits and vegetables before storage. Without the leaves, food can become dry.Fruits and vegetables must be cool from field heat before they are put into storage. If they are placed in cool water, however, it can spread fungus throughout the food. A better idea is to harvest foods either early or late in the day, then leave them to cool naturally.Some fruits and vegetables must be stored at zero to four degrees Celsius. Any colder, and they might be damaged. Others need four to eight degrees. And still others must be stored above eight degrees.Wet the fruits and vegetables so they do not become too dry. The best time to do this is before storage. Cover the items in plastic once they reach the right "critical temperature" for storage. Most fruits and vegetables need the relative humidity in storage to be kept between eighty-five and ninety-five percent.Finally, leave space between the food containers and the walls of the storage area so air can flow. Keep the space clean. And try not to open the doors too often.And thats the VOA Special English Development Report.6.17Development Report - Getting Weather Reports to Rural CommunitiesThis is the VOA Special English Development Report.In many developing countries, weather reports remain trapped in the capital. National weather services have the information, but no way to get it to farmers and other people in rural communities.This is the job of an international project called RANET -- Rural Communications using Radio and the Internet. RANET works with national weather services to improve their reach.Kelly Sponberg at the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration in the United States is the program coordinator. He says that although there is a lot of work at the national level, RANET really happens at the community level.The project develops networks of satellite receiver systems, community radio stations and other technologies. Communities often are provided with some equipment, but the systems are locally owned and supported.RANET uses the WorldSpace satellite system and will soon be on GEONETCast. This is a network of satellite-based systems that provide environmental information.RANET also works with nongovernmental groups and others tomake sure information meets local needs. In addition to weather, broadcast time can be filled with advertisements, local music and reports on farming and market conditions.RANET began in the year two thousand. Kelly Sponberg says the project has set up several hundred local stations in Asia, Africa and the Pacific. RANET is also moving into Latin America.And the project does not just involve community radio stations. For example, RANET helped the Indonesian government develop ways to broadcast warnings of tsunamis and severe weather.RANET has a yearly budget of about seven hundred fifty thousand dollars. Money comes from donors including the Office of Foreign Disaster Assistance in the United States Agency for International Development. And technical support comes from groups including the First V oice International, Wantok Enterprises and the Freeplay Foundation.RANET is working to improve communications in countries with limited power supplies. And, in the next month or two, it hopes to launch a community reporter program. Local citizens will provide weather reports and other information through text messaging.The RANET Web site is .And that's the VOA Special English Development Report, written by Jill Moss.6.24Development Report - Fighting Witchweed in African SorghumThis is the VOA Special English Development Report.Farmers in Africa call the striga plant by the name witchweed. It grows a pleasant looking purple flower. But it attacks many crops in the grass family. Witchweed is among the few flowering weeds that act as parasites on other plants.Every year it causes six to seven billion dollars in damage to African grain sorghum. Sorghum is important to the local food supply. The witchweed steals water and nutrients from the roots and attacks the sorghum with a poisonous substance.Now, scientists say they have produced seeds that can protect sorghum crops from witchweed.Kassim Al-Katib is a weed expert at Kansas State University in the United States. Mitch Tuinstra is a genetics and plant-breeding expert formerly at Kansas State but now at Purdue University in Indiana.To deal with witchweed, they developed special sorghum-seed genes. These genes can accept carefully chosen chemical herbicides without being harmed. The researchers placed the herbicides on the sorghum seeds. Kassim al-Katib said the seeds kill the witchweed as the sorghum grows.Mitch Tuinstra directed greenhouse tests of the seeds in the Netherlands in two thousand five and two thousand six. Similar studies took place in field trials in Mali and Niger. These studies showed the treatment to be highly successful.Mitch Tuinstra recently returned from Africa, where he met with agriculture experts. They are working to develop local kinds of sorghum that employ the genes. The project is a collective research program under the United States Agency for International Development.Witchweed has another unusual quality. It requires chemical signals from sorghum seeds to grow. If no sorghum seeds are present, the witchweed seeds can lie under the soil for years. The seeds begin to grow only when they receive the needed chemical signals.Witchweed seed capsules can hold four hundred to five hundred seeds. Winds and rain spread the parasite. The plant can reduce a farmers crop. Or it can completely destroy many hectares of grain. Witchweed is very difficult to remove after it invades an area.Damage from the parasite is worst in dry soil with low fertility. It often strikes farmers who work the poorest land. This can mean disaster for people who already do not have enough to eat.And thats the VOA Special English Development Report, written by Jerilyn Watson.。

啤酒肚:beer belly 很矮的:rather short中等个头:medium height体型好的:well-bulit苗条的:slim超重的:overweight丰满的:plump强健的:muscular结实的:stout宽肩膀的:broad-shouldered 头发多:thick hair头发少:thin hair染过的头发:dyed hair中分:part in the middle长/短辫子:long/short plait 刘海:fringe整洁的:neat不整洁的:untidy有进取心的:aggressive和蔼可亲的:amiable谨慎的:discreet尽职的:dutiful认真的:earnest有效率的:efficient善于分析的:analytical有理解力的:apprehensive有抱负的:aspiring正直的:candid宽厚的:charitable能胜任的:competent建设性的:constructive好沉思的:contemplative有合作精神的:cooperative 可靠的:dependable 老练的:diplomatic简朴的:frugal有教养的:genteel精神饱满的:hearty意志坚强的:purposeful合格的:qualified实事求是的 realistic可信赖的 reliable明白事理的 sensible真诚的 sincere殷勤的 hospitable公正的 impartial有主见的 independent勤奋的 industrious有独创性的 ingenious首创精神 initiative爱动脑筋的 have an inquiring mind 有见识的 knowledgeable 精通某门学问的 learned心胸宽大的 liberal条理分明的 logical虚心的 open-minded守纪律的 orderly辛勤的,刻苦的 painstaking 一丝不苟的 precise严守时刻的 punctual生机勃勃的 spirited光明正大的 sporting踏实的 steady老实的 straightforward意志坚强的 strong-willed 稳健的 temperate孜孜不倦的 tireless优雅的 graceful温柔的 gentle爱交际的 sociable材质 material木头的 wooden镀金的 gold-plated不锈钢 stainless steel 铜 copper黑天鹅绒 black velvet 崭新的 brand-new结实的 solid空心的 hollow粗糙的 rough透明的 transparent耐用的 durable陶土 baked clay瓷器 porcelain羊毛 wool金属 metal钢 steel椭圆的 oval圆形的 circle半圆形的 semi-circle圆的 round球体 sphere圆锥的 circular圆柱的 cylinder钝的 blunt钻石型的 diamond-shaped天蓝色 azure紫罗兰色 violet咖啡色 coffee米色 beige红包 red packet古玩珠宝 antique and jewellery 家用器具 household utensil 烹饪器具 cooking utensil电熨斗 iron烤面包机 toaster手工艺品 handicraft中国结 Chinese knot剪纸 paper-cut中国扇子 Chinese fan家用电器 electric appliance 吸尘器 vacuum cleaner洗碗机 dish washer搅拌器 blender省力的 labour-saving珍爱 cherish小猫 kitten水牛 buffalo小牛 calf驴ass小马 pony小狗 pup公兔子 buck公鸡 rooster小鸡 chick小火鸡 poult熊猫 tomcat雌猫 catta乌龟 tortoise蟹 crab鳄鱼 crocodile牦牛 yak豹子 leopard驯鹿 reindeer海豹 seal河狸 beaver河马 hippopotamus金丝猴 golden monkey 鼹鼠 mole豚鼠 guinea pig松鼠 squirrel东北虎 Siberian tiger 海龟 sea turtle海象 walrus野兔 hare刺猬 hedgehog食肉的 carnivorous狡猾的 cunning凶猛的 fierce野性的 savage野的,未驯服的 feral 顺从的,听话的 tame 卷心菜 cabbage 菠菜 spinach芹菜 celery萝卜 radish花椰菜 cauliflower茄子 eggplant黄瓜 cucumber辣椒 chili椰子 coconut李子 plum荔枝 lichi/lychee龙眼 longan西柚 grapefruit猕猴桃 kiwi fruit杨桃 star fruit山竹 mangosteen家禽 poultry小排骨 sparerib虾 shrimp鱿鱼卷 squid roll鲍鱼 abalone海参 sea slug牡蛎 oyster刀削面 sliced noodles麻辣面 spicy hot noodles 肉包子 meat bun馒头 steamed bread谷物 cereal馄钝 wonton蛋炒饭 fried rice with egg米粉 rice noodle蛋饼 egg biscuit点心 dim sum春卷 spring rolls臭豆腐 stinky tofu/ smelly tofu 豆花 tofu pudding 火锅 hot pot奶昔 milkshake奶茶 milktea浓/淡茶 strong/weak tea苏打水 soda water七喜 seven-up芬达 fenta青草茶 herb juice矿泉水 mineral water伏特加 vadka白兰地 brandy初中 junior high school高中 senior high school文学院 college of liberal arts。

发展预测研究报告英文Development Forecast Research ReportAbstract:This research report aims to provide an analysis and forecast of the future development trends in various industries. It explores the potential growth opportunities and challenges that these industries may face. The report utilizes data from previous years, current market trends, and expert opinions to predict the future trajectory of these industries. The findings of this report can be used by businesses and policymakers to make informed decisions and develop strategies to ensure their continued success. Introduction:The purpose of this research report is to examine the future development prospects of various industries. By utilizing historical data and current market trends, this report aims to provide insights into the potential growth opportunities and challenges that these industries may face in the coming years.Methodology:To conduct this research, data was collected from various sources, including industry reports, market surveys, and expert opinions. The collected data was analyzed using statistical techniques to identify patterns and trends. These findings were then used to forecast the future development of the industries.Findings and Analysis:1. Information Technology: The IT industry is expected to continue its rapid growth in the next five years. Artificialintelligence, cloud computing, and blockchain technology are predicted to be key drivers of this growth. However, cybersecurity threats and privacy concerns may pose challenges in the future.2. Renewable Energy: The renewable energy sector is expected to experience significant growth in the coming years. Increasing environmental concerns and government initiatives to reduce carbon emissions are driving the demand for renewable energy sources such as solar and wind power.3. E-commerce: The e-commerce industry is projected to continue its upward trend. As more consumers embrace online shopping, retailers are focusing on enhancing their digital presence and improving customer experiences. The integration of augmented reality and virtual reality technologies is also anticipated to boost the growth of the e-commerce industry.4. Healthcare: With an aging population and advancements in medical technology, the healthcare industry is forecasted to expand. Telemedicine and digital health solutions are expected to play a crucial role in improving access to healthcare services and reducing healthcare costs.5. Artificial Intelligence: AI technologies such as machine learning and natural language processing are predicted to revolutionize various industries, including finance, logistics, and manufacturing. The development of autonomous vehicles and smart cities is projected to accelerate with the integration of AI.Conclusion:Based on the findings of this research report, it is evident that certain industries, such as information technology, renewable energy, e-commerce, healthcare, and artificial intelligence, are poised for significant growth in the future. However, challenges such as cybersecurity threats, environmental concerns, and privacy issues need to be addressed for sustained development. Businesses and policymakers can use these insights to make informed decisions and develop strategies to capitalize on the growth opportunities in these industries.。

发展研究报告模板英语作文英文回答：Development Research Report Template。

I. Introduction。

Statement of the problem。

Purpose of the study。

Research questions or hypotheses。

II. Review of Literature。

Summary of existing knowledge on the topic。

Identification of gaps in knowledge。

Justification for the proposed study。

III. Methodology。

Research design。

Data collection methods。

Sampling techniques。

Data analysis techniques。

IV. Results。

Presentation of the findings。

Statistical analysis (if applicable)。

Interpretation of the results。

V. Discussion。

Summary of the key findings。

Implications of the findings。

Comparison with previous research。

Recommendations for further research。

VI. Conclusion。

Restatement of the purpose of the study。

Summary of the main findings。

Implications for policy or practice。

VII. References。

VIII. Appendices (if necessary)。