2019年The Trial of Galileo

The Thrill of a Roller Coaster RideThe thrill of a roller coaster ride is an experience that many people seek out for the adrenaline rush, the excitement, and the sheer joy of defying gravity.From the moment you step into the queue, anticipation builds as you catch glimpses of the towering structure and hear the screams of riders echoing through the air.As you finally take your seat and the restraints click into place, your heartraces with a mix of fear and exhilaration. The train lurches forward, climbing higher and higher until you reach the pinnacle, and then the real adventure begins. The physical sensations of a roller coaster ride are truly unique. The sudden drops, sharp turns, and inversions create a symphony of forces acting upon your body. The feeling of weightlessness as you crest a hill, the G-forces pushing you back into your seat, and the wind rushing past your face all contribute to the visceral experience. Your stomach may drop as you hurtle downwards, and your body may be jostled from side to side as you navigate the track. These sensations,while intense, are part of the allure of roller coasters for many thrill-seekers. Beyond the physical aspects, the psychological and emotional impact of a roller coaster ride is equally significant. The build-up of tension as you ascend thefirst hill, not knowing when the drop will come, creates a sense of anticipationand anxiety. The sudden release of that tension as you plummet downwards can beboth terrifying and euphoric. The element of surprise, coupled with the feeling of being out of control, adds an emotional layer to the experience. For some, therush of adrenaline and the sense of danger can be addictive, leading to a desireto ride again and again. Moreover, the social aspect of riding a roller coaster cannot be overlooked. Sharing the experience with friends, family, or evenstrangers can enhance the enjoyment and create lasting memories. The shared screams, laughter, and high-fives after a thrilling ride can strengthen bonds and create a sense of camaraderie. On the other hand, witnessing the reactions of others, whether it's seeing the fear in someone's eyes or the pure joy on their face, can add another dimension to the experience. The communal aspect of riding a roller coaster can amplify the emotions and make the ride even more memorable. However, it's important to acknowledge that not everyone finds the thrill of aroller coaster ride appealing. For some individuals, the fear of heights, thesense of vulnerability, or the intense physical sensations can be overwhelming. The idea of relinquishing control and putting their safety in the hands of mechanical restraints may provoke anxiety or even panic. Additionally, those who experience motion sickness or have certain medical conditions may find the experience uncomfortable or even distressing. It's essential to recognize and respect that the thrill of a roller coaster ride is subjective and not universally enjoyed. In conclusion, the thrill of a roller coaster ride encompasses a wide range of physical, emotional, and social elements. The unique combination of intense physical sensations, psychological tension, and shared experiences creates a captivating and memorable adventure for many. Whether it's the rush of adrenaline, the feeling of weightlessness, or the joy of conquering fear, the roller coaster ride continues to be a beloved pastime for thrill-seekers around the world. However, it's crucial to recognize and respect that individual preferences and experiences vary, and not everyone may find the thrill of a roller coaster ride enjoyable.。

关于实验的英语小作文Experimenting: The Pathway to Discovery and InnovationExperimentation has long been the cornerstone of scientific progress, driving humanity's quest for understanding the natural world and unlocking the secrets of the universe. From the groundbreaking discoveries of Galileo Galilei to the cutting-edge advancements in modern-day technology, the act of experimentation has been the foundation upon which knowledge and innovation have been built.At its core, experimentation is the systematic process of testing hypotheses and observing the results. It involves carefully designing and executing controlled studies, meticulously collecting and analyzing data, and drawing meaningful conclusions that can either validate or refute the initial assumptions. This iterative process of trial and error, of questioning and exploring, is what propels us forward, leading to new insights and breakthroughs that transform our understanding of the world around us.One of the most compelling aspects of experimentation is its ability to challenge our preconceptions and push the boundaries of our knowledge. When we engage in experimental research, we areconfronted with the unknown, forced to confront the limitations of our current understanding and open ourselves up to the possibility of discovering something entirely new. This spirit of curiosity and intellectual humility is what sets the stage for the most groundbreaking discoveries, as scientists and researchers are willing to venture into uncharted territory, embracing the uncertainty and the potential for failure that comes with it.Furthermore, the act of experimentation fosters a culture of critical thinking and problem-solving. As researchers design and execute their experiments, they must navigate a complex web of variables, anticipate potential challenges, and devise creative solutions to overcome obstacles. This process of analytical thinking and strategic planning not only leads to the acquisition of new knowledge but also cultivates a set of skills that are highly valuable in a wide range of professional and personal contexts.Beyond its scientific applications, the experimental mindset can also be applied to various aspects of our lives, from entrepreneurship to personal growth. Entrepreneurs, for example, often engage in a continuous process of experimentation, testing different business models, marketing strategies, and product iterations to identify the most effective path forward. Similarly, individuals who embrace an experimental approach to personal development may find themselves more open to new experiences, more willing to takecalculated risks, and more adept at adapting to changing circumstances.Of course, the journey of experimentation is not without its challenges. Failures and setbacks are an inevitable part of the process, and researchers must navigate the frustration and disappointment that can come with inconclusive results or unexpected outcomes. However, it is precisely these challenges that make experimentation so rewarding and transformative. By learning from our mistakes, refining our approaches, and persevering in the face of adversity, we unlock the true power of experimentation – the ability to grow, to evolve, and to push the boundaries of what is possible.In conclusion, the art of experimentation is a testament to the boundless potential of the human mind. Through our willingness to question, to explore, and to embrace the unknown, we have unlocked the secrets of the natural world, driven technological progress, and expanded the frontiers of human knowledge. As we continue to navigate the complexities of our ever-changing world, it is this experimental mindset – this unwavering commitment to discovery and innovation – that will guide us towards a future filled with new possibilities and unprecedented breakthroughs.。

全国基础教育英语综合能力竞赛（习思能力竞赛）二级B样题第一部分听力（共50分）第一节Look, listen and circle. 看一看，听一听，圈一圈。

（10分）看My V ocabulary Bank中的词语。

你将听到一段小韵文。

请在答题纸上My V ocabulary Bank的三个词库中圈出你所听到的词语。

录音读两遍。

My Vocabulary Bank第二节Look, listen and choose. 看一看，听一听，选一选。

（10分）看图片。

你将听到五个问题。

请从每小题的A、B、C三幅图片中选出能够回答所提问题的图片，并将代表该图片的字母填入答题纸的相应位置。

录音读两遍。

(1)A B C(2)A B C(3)A B C(4)A B C(5)A B C(1) __________ (2) __________ (3) __________ (4) __________ (5) __________第三节Look, listen and tick.看一看，听一听，勾一勾。

（10分）看图片。

你将听到五段对话。

请从每小题的A、B、C三个选项中勾出能回答问题的选项，并将代表该图片的字母填入答题纸的相应位置。

录音读两遍。

(1)How’s the weather tomorrow?What’s Tony doing?(2)A B C(3)What are they talking about?A B C(4)Which picture can be true about the dialogue?A B CWhich is right about their plan tomorrow?(5)A B C(1) __________ (2) __________ (3) __________ (4) __________ (5) __________第四节Look, listen and number.看一看，听一听，排排序。

Teaching
While Galileo is teaching, his is also doing science and math experiments that test scientific theories. In 1592, he obtains a chair of mathematics at the university of Padua. He was set to lecture on geometry and astronomy, but also to give private lessons in Euclid, arithmetic, fortification, surveying, cosmography, optics, and the use of a sector.
The Trial of Galileo Galilei
The Inquisition
In the 12th century, a fight against heresy began by several institutions within the justice=system of the Catholic Church. In 1542, the Roman Inquisition was under way. They could torture those who were shown to be heretics. Anything viewed against the church’s views or canon law would be taken seriously and sometimes exterminated. Among the offenses were advances in scientific theory that were considered heresy, because they seemed to contradict the Bible. Among the offenders was Nicolaus Copernicus.

controversial名词**Controversial: Exploring the Depths of Debate andDissent***Introduction*In the realm of human discourse, certain topics emerge as contentious and divisive, stirring the waters of debate and giving rise to varied perspectives. This document delves into the term "controversial," unraveling its nuances andexploring the multifaceted nature of issues that elicit disagreement and dissent. From the roots of controversy toits manifestations in modern society, we embark on a journeyto understand the dynamics that make certain subjects evoke such fervent reactions.*Defining Controversy*Controversy, as a noun, encapsulates the essence of disagreement and dispute. At its core, controversy ariseswhen conflicting opinions clash, creating a battleground of ideas. These contested subjects span a vast spectrum, encompassing politics, religion, science, ethics, and beyond. The very nature of controversy suggests a divergence of views, challenging individuals and societies to grapple withdiffering perspectives.*Historical Context*To comprehend the present, one must look to the past. Throughout history, controversies have been the catalysts for societal change and intellectual evolution. From the trial of Galileo challenging conventional views of the cosmos to thedebates surrounding civil rights in the 20th century, controversies have been instrumental in shaping thetrajectory of human progress. Examining the historical tapestry of contentious issues provides valuable insightsinto the ebb and flow of societal values.*Causes of Controversy*Controversies emerge from a myriad of sources, each contributing to the complex tapestry of dissent. One primary cause lies in conflicting ideologies and worldviews. Whether rooted in cultural differences, political ideologies, or divergent belief systems, clashes of fundamental principles often give rise to contentious debates. Additionally, advancements in science and technology frequently introduce novel concepts that challenge established norms, sparking controversy as society grapples with paradigm shifts.*Media's Role in Amplifying Controversy*In the modern era, the media plays a pivotal role in shaping public opinion and amplifying controversies. The 24/7 news cycle, social media platforms, and the rapid dissemination of information contribute to the swift escalation of debates. As controversies unfold in real-time, the public is bombarded with diverse perspectives, fueling the flames of disagreement and intensifying the polarization of society.*Navigating Ethical Controversies*Some of the most impassioned debates center aroundethical considerations, where questions of right and wrong become central to the discourse. Issues such as abortion,euthanasia, and genetic engineering elicit deeply rootedmoral convictions, making them hotbeds for controversy. Understanding the ethical dimensions of controversial topics requires a delicate balance between individual values,societal norms, and the pursuit of a just and equitable world.*Controversy in the Digital Age*The advent of the internet has transformed the landscape of controversy, providing a platform for individuals to express their opinions globally. Social media platforms serve as virtual arenas where controversies unfold publicly, allowing for the rapid dissemination of information and the mobilization of diverse communities. However, the digital age also presents challenges, as misinformation and echo chambers contribute to the polarization of viewpoints.*Managing Controversies in Society*Effectively navigating controversies requires a nuanced approach that embraces open dialogue, critical thinking, and empathy. Institutions, whether educational, governmental, or societal, play a crucial role in fostering environments where diverse perspectives can coexist. By promoting respectful discourse and encouraging the exploration of differing opinions, societies can transform controversies into opportunities for growth and understanding.*Conclusion*In conclusion, controversy is a dynamic force that permeates the fabric of human interaction. From historical upheavals to modern-day debates, the term encapsulates the essence of disagreement, challenging individuals andsocieties to confront diverse perspectives. By understanding the causes, historical context, and ethical dimensions of controversies, we can foster environments that promote constructive dialogue and pave the way for collective growth. Embracing controversy as an integral part of the human experience allows us to navigate the complexities of our world with wisdom, empathy, and a commitment to the pursuit of knowledge.。

质疑权威的例子作文素材Questioning authority is a fundamental aspect of human nature, as it encourages critical thinking and the pursuit of truth. Throughout history, there have been numerous examples of individuals and groups challenging the legitimacy and credibility of those in positions of power and influence. From the scientific revolution to the civil rights movement, questioning authority has been a driving force behind social progress and change. In this essay, I will explore various examples of questioning authority and the impact it has had on society.One of the most famous examples of questioningauthority is the case of Galileo Galilei, a 17th-century Italian astronomer and physicist who challenged the widely accepted geocentric model of the universe. At the time, the Catholic Church held significant authority over matters of science and religion, and any challenge to their teachings was met with harsh punishment. Despite this, Galileo continued to advocate for the heliocentric model, whichplaced the sun at the center of the solar system. His work ultimately led to his arrest and trial by the Roman Inquisition, where he was found guilty of heresy and forced to recant his views. However, his ideas ultimately prevailed, and his work laid the foundation for modern astronomy and our understanding of the universe.In a more contemporary context, the civil rights movement in the United States provides another powerful example of questioning authority. Throughout the 1950s and 1960s, African Americans and their allies challenged the institutionalized racism and segregation that permeated American society. Leaders such as Martin Luther King Jr. and Rosa Parks questioned the authority of the government and social norms that perpetuated inequality and injustice. Through nonviolent protests, civil disobedience, and legal challenges, they were able to bring about significant changes in laws and attitudes, ultimately leading to the end of segregation and the expansion of civil rights forall Americans.Another example of questioning authority can be seen inthe field of science, particularly in the realm of medical research and pharmaceuticals. In recent years, there has been growing skepticism and scrutiny of the pharmaceutical industry and its influence on medical practices. From the overprescription of opioids to the marketing of drugs with questionable efficacy, there has been a growing movement of patients, healthcare professionals, and researchers questioning the authority and motivations of pharmaceutical companies. This has led to increased transparency and regulation in the industry, as well as a shift towards evidence-based medicine and patient-centered care.In addition to these historical and contemporary examples, questioning authority can also be seen in everyday life, as individuals challenge the status quo and seek to hold those in power accountable. Whether it is questioning the decisions of a boss at work, challenging the policies of a government, or advocating for change in a community, questioning authority is a fundamental aspect of democracy and social progress. It encourages individuals to think critically, seek out information, and advocate for their beliefs, ultimately leading to a more informed andjust society.However, it is important to recognize that questioning authority is not without its challenges and risks. Those who challenge authority often face backlash, persecution, and even violence. Throughout history, individuals who have questioned the status quo have been met with resistance and oppression, as those in power seek to maintain theircontrol and influence. This can create a chilling effect, where individuals are hesitant to speak out and challenge authority for fear of reprisal. Additionally, the spread of misinformation and conspiracy theories can undermine legitimate efforts to question authority, leading to confusion and division within society.Despite these challenges, questioning authority remains a vital and necessary part of human progress. It is through questioning authority that we are able to uncover truths, challenge injustice, and bring about positive change. By encouraging critical thinking, open dialogue, and accountability, we can create a society that is more equitable, transparent, and responsive to the needs of itscitizens. In doing so, we can build a world where authority is not unquestioned, but rather subject to the scrutiny and accountability of those it serves.。

A (2020全国Ⅱ,B)Some parents will buy any high-tech toy if they think it will help their child,but researchers said puzzles help children with math-related skills.Psychologist Susan Levine,an expert on mathematics development in young children at the University of Chicago,found children who play with puzzles between ages 2 and 4 later develop better spatial skills.Puzzle play was found to be a significant predictor of cognition(认知) after controlling for differences in parents’ income,education and the a mount of parent talk,Levine said.The researchers analyzed video recordings of 53 child-parent pairs during everyday activities at home and found children who play with puzzles between 26 and 46 months of age have better spatial skills when assessed at 54 months of age.“The children who played with puzzles performed better than those who did not,on tasks that assessed their ability to rotate(旋转) and translate shapes,”Levine said in a statement.The parents were asked to interact with their children as they normally would,and about half of the children in the study played with puzzles at one time.Higher-income parents tended to have children play with puzzles more frequently,and both boys and girls who played with puzzles had better spatial skills.However,boys tended to play with more complex puzzles than girls,and the parents of boys provided more spatial language and were more active during puzzle play than the parents of girls.The findings were published in the journal Developmental Science.1.In which aspect do children benefit from puzzle play?A.Building confidence.B.Developing spatial skills.C.Learning self-control.D.Gaining high-tech knowledge.2.What did Levine take into consideration when designing her experiment?A.Parents’ age.B.Children’s im agination.C.Parents’ education.D.Child-parent relationship.3.How do boys differ from girls in puzzle play?A.They play with puzzles more often.B.They tend to talk less during the game.C.They prefer to use more spatial language.D.They are likely to play with tougher puzzles.4.What is the text mainly about?A.A mathematical method.B.A scientific study.C.A woman psychologist.D.A teaching program.B (2020全国Ⅲ,C)With the young unable to afford to leave home and the old at risk of isolation(孤独),more families are choosing to live together.The doorway to peace and quiet,for Nick Bright at least,leads straight to his mother-in-law:she lives on the ground floor,while he lives upstairs with his wife and their two daughters.Four years ago they all moved into a three-storey Victorian house in Bristol—one of a growing number of multigenerational families in the UK living together under the same roof.They share a front door and a washing machine,but Rita Whitehead has her own kitchen,bathroom,bedroom and living room on the ground floor.“We floated the idea to my mum of sharing a house,”says Kathryn Whitehead.Rita cuts in:“We spoke more with Nick because I think it’s a big thing for Nick to live with his mother-in-law.”And what does Nick think?“From my standpoin t,it all seems to work very well.Would I recommend it?Yes,I think I would.”It’s hard to tell exactly how many people agree with him,but research indicates that the numbers have been rising for some time.Official reports suggest that the number of households with three generations living together had risen from 325,000 in 2001 to 419,000 in 2013.Other varieties of multigenerational family are more common.Some people live with their elderly parents;many more adult children are returning to the family home,if they ever left.It is said that about 20% of 25-34-year-olds live with their parents,compared with 16% in 1991.The total number of all multigenerational households in Britain is thought to be about 1.8 million.Stories like that are more common in parts of the world where multigenerational living is more firmly rooted.In India,particularly outside cities,young women are expected to move in with their husband’s family when they get married.5.Who mainly uses the ground floor in the Victorian house in Bristol?A.Nick.B.Rita.C.Kathryn.D.The daughters.6.What is Nick’s attitude towards sharing the house with his mother-in-law?A.Positive.B.Carefree.C.Tolerant.D.Unwilling.7.What is the author’s statement about multigenerational family based on?A.Family traditions.B.Financial reports.C.Published statistics.D.Public opinions.8.What is the text mainly about?A.Lifestyles in different countries.B.Conflicts between generations.C.A housing problem in Britain.D.A rising trend of living in the UK.C (2020年7月浙江,A)I am an active playgoer and play-reader,and perhaps my best reason for editing this book is a hope of sharing my enthusiasm for the theatre with others.To do this I have searched through dozens of plays to find the ones that I think best show the power and purpose of the shirt play.Each player has a theme or central idea which the playwright (剧作家) hopes to get across through dialogue and action.A few characters are sued to create a single impression growing outthe theme.It is not my intention to point out the central theme of each of the plays in this collection,for that would,indeed,ruin the pleasure of reading,discussing,and thinking about the plays and the effectiveness of the playwright.However,satire,poignant drama,historical and reginal drama.To show the versatility(多面性) of the short play,I have included a guidance play,a radio play and a television play.Among the writers of the plays in this collection,Paul Green,Susan Glaspell,Maxwell Anderson,Thornton Wilder,Willian Saroyan,and Tennessee Williams have all received Pulitzer Prizes for their contributions to the theatre.More information about the playwrights will be found at the end this book.To get the most out of reading these plays,try to picture the play on stage,with you,the reader,in the audience.The houselights dim(变暗).The curtains are about to open,and in a few minutes the action and dialogue will tell you the story.9.What do we know about the author from the first paragraph?A.He has written dozens of plays.B.He has a deep love for the theater.C.He is a professional stage actor.D.He likes reading short plays to others.10.What does the author avoid doing in his work?A.Stating the plays’ central ideas.B.Selecting works by famous playwrights.C.Including various types of plays.D.Offering information on the playwrights.11.What does the author suggest readers do while reading the plays?A.Control their feelings.B.Apply their acting skills.e their imagination.D.Keep their audience in mind.答案C12.What is this text?A.A short story.B.An introduction to a book.C.A play review.D.An advertisement for a theater.D (2020天津,D改编)After years of observing human nature,I have decided that two qualities make the difference between men of great achievement and men of average performance curiosity and discontent.I have never known an outstanding man who lacked either.And I have never known an average man who had both.The two belong together.Together,these deep human urges(驱策力)count for much more than ambition.Galileo was not merely ambitious when he dropped objects of varying weights from the Leaning Tower at Pisa and timed their fall to the ground.Like Galileo,all the great names in history were curious and asked in discontent,“Why? Why? Why?”Fortunately,curiosity and discontent don’t have to be learned.We are born with them and need only recapture them.“The great man,” said Mencius(孟子),“is he who does not lose his child’s heart.”Yet most of us do lose it.We stop asking questions.We stop challenging custom.We just follow the crowd.And the crowd desires only the calm and restful average.It encourages us to occupy our own little corner,to avoid foolish leaps into the dark,to be satisfied.Most of us meet new people,and new ideas,with hesitation.But once having met and liked them,we think how terrible it would have been,had we missed the chance.We will probably have to force ourselves to waken our curiosity and discontent and keep them awake.How should you start? Modestly,so as not to become discouraged.I think of one friend who couldn’t arrange flowers to satisfy herself.She was curious about how the experts did it.How she is one of the experts,writing books on flower arrangement.One way to begin is to answer your own excuses.You haven’t any special ability? Most peop le don’t; there are only a few geniuses.You haven’t any time? That’s good,because it’s always the people with no time who get things done.Harriet Stowe,mother of six,wrote parts of Uncle Tom’s Cabin while cooking.You’re too old? Remember that Thomas Costai n was 57 when he published his first novel,and that Grandma Moses showed her first pictures when she was 78.However you start,remember there is no better time to start than right now,for you’ll never be more alive than you are at this moment.13.What does the example of Galileo tell us?A.Trial and error leads to the finding of truth.B.Scientists tend to be curious and ambitious.C.Creativity results from challenging authority.D.Greatness comes from a lasting desire to explore.14.What can you do to recapture curiosity and discontent?A.Observe the unknown around you.B.Develop a questioning mind.C.Lead a life of adventure.D.Follow the fashion.15.What can we learn from Paragraphs 6 and 7?A.Gaining success helps you become an expert.B.The genius tends to get things done creatively.ck of talent and time is no reason for taking no action.D.You should remain modest when approaching perfection.16.What could be the best title for the passage?A.Curious Minds Never Feel ContentedB.Reflections on Human NatureC.The Keys to AchievementD.Never Too Late to LearnE (2020全国Ⅲ,B)When “Rise of the Planet of the Apes” was first shown to the public last month,a group of excited animal activists gathered on Hollywood Boulevard.But they weren’t there to throw re d paint on fur-coat-wearing film stars.Instead,one activist,dressed in a full-body monkey suit,had arrived with a sign praising the filmmakers:“Thanks for not using real apes(猿)!”The creative team behind “Apes” used motion-capture(动作捕捉) technology to create digitalized animals,spending tens of millions of dollars on technology that records an actor’sperformance and later processes it with computer graphics to create a final image(图像).In this case,one of a realistic-looking ape.Yet “Apes” is more exceptio n than the rule.In fact,Hollywood has been hot on live animals lately.One nonprofit organization,which monitors the treatment of animals in filmed entertainment,is keeping tabs on more than 2,000 productions this year.Already,a number of films,including “Water for Elephants,”“The Hangover Part Ⅱ” and “Zookeeper,” have drawn the anger of activists who say the creatures acting in them haven’t been treated properly.In some cases,it’s not so much the treatment of the animals on set in the studio that has acti vists worried;it’s the off-set training and living conditions that are raising concerns.And there are questions about the films made outside the States,which sometimes are not monitored as closely as productions filmed in the States.17.Why did the animal activists gather on Hollywood Boulevard?A.To see famous film stars.B.To oppose wearing fur coats.C.To raise money for animal protection.D.To express thanks to some filmmakers.18.What does paragraph 2 mainly talk about?A.The cost of making “Apes.”B.The creation of digitalized apes.C.The publicity about “Apes.”D.The performance of real apes.19.What does the underlined phrase “keeping tabs on” in paragraph 3 probably mean?A.Listing completely.B.Directing professionally.C.Promoting successfully.D.Watching carefully.20.What can we infer from the last paragraph about animal actors?A.They may be badly treated.B.They should take further training.C.They could be traded illegally.D.They would lose popularity.。

伽利略与他的发现英语阅读Galileo Galilei, one of the most celebrated astronomers and physicists of all time, made significant contributions to the field of science that have had a lasting impact on our understanding of the universe. Born in Pisa, Italy, in 1564, Galileo's inquisitive nature and relentless pursuit of knowledge led him to challenge the established norms of his time, particularly those set by the Catholic Church.Galileo's most notable discoveries include the use of the telescope to observe celestial bodies, which revolutionized astronomy. He was the first to observe the moon's rough surface, discovering mountains and craters that contradicted the then-popular belief that celestial bodies were perfectand unblemished. This observation was a significant step towards a more realistic and scientific understanding of the cosmos.His observations of Jupiter led to the discovery of its four largest moons, now known as the Galilean moons. This discovery was not just about identifying new celestial bodies; it was a profound moment in the history of astronomy becauseit provided evidence that not all celestial bodies orbitedthe Earth, as was the geocentric belief of the time.Galileo's findings supported the heliocentric model, which posits that the planets, including Earth, orbit the Sun.Galileo also made important contributions to theunderstanding of motion and mechanics. His experiments with inclined planes allowed him to formulate the laws of falling bodies, which laid the groundwork for classical mechanics. He demonstrated that objects of different weights fall at the same rate in the absence of air resistance, a discovery that challenged the Aristotelian physics that had dominated for centuries.Despite his groundbreaking work, Galileo facedsignificant opposition from the Catholic Church, which saw his support for the heliocentric model as a threat to its authority. This culminated in his trial in 1633, where he was forced to recant his heliocentric views and was placed under house arrest for the remainder of his life.Galileo's legacy, however, endured beyond his lifetime. His scientific method, which emphasized observation, experimentation, and the importance of questioning established beliefs, has become a cornerstone of modern science. His discoveries and the courage to challenge the status quo continue to inspire scientists and thinkers tothis day.In conclusion, Galileo Galilei was a true pioneer whose discoveries and methodologies have shaped the course of scientific inquiry. His work not only expanded our understanding of the universe but also paved the way for the scientific revolution that would follow. Galileo's life and work remain a testament to the power of curiosity and the importance of questioning even the most deeply held beliefs.。

Curiosity has always been a driving force in human exploration and discovery.It is the very essence of our desire to understand the world around us and beyond.As we gaze up at the night sky,the twinkling stars beckon us with their silent call,igniting the spark of curiosity within us.This essay will delve into the concept of curiosity and its role in our pursuit of the stars.The human race has been captivated by the cosmos since time immemorial.Ancient civilizations studied the heavens,mapping constellations and predicting celestial events with remarkable accuracy.This innate curiosity led to the development of astronomy,a field that has expanded our understanding of the universe and our place within it.The invention of the telescope by Galileo Galilei in the early17th century marked a significant leap in our ability to observe and study celestial bodies,further fueling our curiosity about the stars.Curiosity is not merely a passive interest it is an active pursuit of knowledge.It propels us to ask questions,to challenge existing theories,and to seek answers that may lie beyond our current understanding.This inquisitive nature has led to numerous scientific breakthroughs and technological advancements.For instance,the curiosity about the nature of stars has led to the discovery of nuclear fusion,the process that powers our sun and other stars,and has opened up the possibility of harnessing this energy for human use.The quest for knowledge about the stars has also led to the development of space exploration.From the first human spaceflight by Yuri Gagarin in1961to the recent Mars missions,our curiosity has taken us beyond our own planet and into the vast expanse of space.This exploration has not only expanded our understanding of the universe but has also provided us with a new perspective on our own planet and its place in the cosmos. Moreover,curiosity about the stars has inspired countless individuals to pursue careers in science,technology,engineering,and mathematics STEM.It has motivated generations of students to learn about the cosmos,to dream of becoming astronauts,and to contribute to our collective understanding of the universe.This curiosity has also led to the creation of numerous educational programs and initiatives aimed at fostering interest in astronomy and space exploration.In conclusion,curiosity is the catalyst that drives our exploration of the stars.It is the spark that ignites our desire to learn,to discover,and to understand the universe.As we continue to gaze up at the night sky,let us remember that it is our curiosity that will lead us to new horizons and unlock the mysteries of the cosmos.Whether through the development of new technologies,the pursuit of scientific knowledge,or the inspirationof future generations,curiosity will always be the guiding force in our journey to explore the stars.。

广东省华南师范大学南沙附属中学2023-2024学年高一下学期期中考试英语试卷一、阅读理解A music festival is a community event focusing on live performances of singing and instrument playing that is often presented with a theme. On the list are the music festivals for fans around the world. Find your favorite now!Field DayJanuary 1, 2023, SydneyField Day means New Year’s Day for young people in Sydney. Seen as the city’s original multi-stage party, it’s a gathering of friends coming together for a great fun-filled first day of the year. There’s an air of hope and positive energy on a perfect summer’s day.The Envision FestivalFebruary 27—March 6, 2023, UvitaThe Envision Festival is an annual gathering in Costa Rica that aims to provide an opportunity for different cultures to work with one another to create a better community. The festival encourages people to practice art, music, dance performances, and education. Meanwhile, our connection with nature is expected to be strengthened.The McDowell Mountain Music FestivalMarch 2—4, 2023, PhoenixThe McDowell Mountain Music Festival is Phoenix’s musical celebration of community culture. Since its foundation in 2004, it has been the only 100% non-profit music festival designed to support, entertain and educate the community. The festival attracts thousands of visitors each year from around the country, and it is an opportunity to experience true culture.The Old Settler’s Music FestivalApril 20—23, 2023, DaleThe Old Settler’s Music Festival is a nationally known music festival for American music. The festival is held in the country of Texas at the height of the wild flower season. The Old Settler’s Music Festival offers great music and activities for the whole family.1．In which city can people enjoy a fun New Year’s Day?A．Phoenix.B．Uvita.C．Sydney.D．Dale.2．What is special about the McDowell Mountain Music Festival?A．It encourages people to receive education.B．It is not aimed at making money.C．It provides an opportunity for friend gathering.D．It focuses on cultural exchanges. 3．Which festivals are connected with nature?A．Field Day and the Envision Festival.B．The Envision Festival and the McDowell Mountain Music Festival.C．The Old Settler’s Music Festival and the McDowell Mountain Music Festival.D．The Envision Festival and the Old Settler’s Music Festival.二、完形填空A survey said the average Asian dad spent one minute a day with his children. I was shocked. I mean, a whole minute? Every day? Get real. Once a week maybe. The fact is, many Asian males are terrible at kid—related things. In fact, I am one of them.Child—rearing (养育) doesn’t come naturally to guys. My mother knew the names of our teachers, best friends and crushes. My dad was only vaguely aware there were short people sharing the apartment. My mother bought healthy fresh food at the market every day. My dad would only go shopping when there was nothing in the fridge except a jar of capers and a bay leaf. Then he’d buy beer. My mother always knew the right questions to ask our teachers. My dad would ask my English teacher if she could get us a discount on school fees. My mother served kid food to kids. My dad added chili sauce to everything, including our baby food.The truth is, mothers have superpowers. My son fell off a wall once and hurt himself all over. I demanded someone bring me a computer so I could google what to do. My wife ignored me and did some sort of chanting phrase such as “Mummy kiss it better,” and cured l7 separate injuries in less than 15 seconds.Yes, mothers are incredible people, but they are not always right. Yet honesty forces me to record the fact that mothers only know best 99.99 percent of the time.Here are some famous slip-ups.The mother of Bill Gates: “If you’re going to drop out of college and hang out with your nerdy friends, don’t come running to me when you find yourself penniless.” The mother of Albert Einstein: “When you grow up, you’ll find that sitting around thinking about the nature of time and space won’t pay the grocery bills.” The mother of George W. Bush: “You’ll never be like your dad, who became President of the United States and started his own war.”4．The tone for the writer to write the passage is ___.A．cruel B．humorous C．disapproving D．critical(批评的) 5．In paragraph 2 the writer makes a comparison between mothers and fathers to prove that______.A．females love kids more than males B．males are not good at child—rearingC．Males are not interested in child-rearing D．child-rearing is difficult both for females and males6．What does the underlined word “slip-ups” in Paragraph 4 probably mean?A．stories B．shortcomings C．mistakes D．advantages7．The last paragraph is mainly developed by ___.A．providing different examples B．following the order of spaceC．making comparisons D．analyzing causes三、阅读理解“All work and no play make Jack a dull boy.” But now scientists have given us another warning: too much play with smartphones or computers makes you dull too.“Many focus on the benefits of digital devices (设备) in education but ignore the costs,” said Patricia Greenfield from the University of California, “losing the ability to understand the emotions of other people is one of the costs.” Greenfield and her research team did an experiment. They worked with 105 children who spend about 4.5 hours in front of screens on a school day. The students were asked to describe the emotions towards the pictures of people who were happy, sad, angry or scared. Then, half of them attended a five-day nature and science camp. There they had no smartphones, TV, or computers. The other half stayed in school and spent the five days as usual. Five days later, all the children took the test again.Students who had been to the camp got about 5 per cent more answers correct than they had done before the camp. But the other group of students didn’t show much improvement. The study is not perfect in some ways, said the researchers. But scientists say that the study is still a warning for us.“Emotional skills develop in practice and the brain develops through real interaction,” said Professor Taylor, a professor at the University of San Francisco.Researchers talked to 2, 000 parents of children aged 2—16 in the UK about what activities their children could do confidently. The results were surprising: their children could use a tablet (平板电脑) (59%) and work a mobile phone (57%) more confidently than they could tie their shoe laces (鞋带) (53%)! So, spend more time away from mobile phones and computers if you want to be an understanding friend, and not a member of what the Daily Mail called “Generation Helpless”.8．According to Professor Greenfield, what’s the possible result of using digital media in education?A．Being in bad terms with family members.B．Making more mistakes when taking exams.C．Falling far behind others in all schoolwork.D．Failing to relate to other people’semotions.9．What do scientists think of the results of Greenfields experiment?A．They are alarming for people.B．They are far from perfect.C．They are quite surprising.D．They don’t need to be improved. 10．What can we know from the text?A．Too much play with digital devices raised some worries.B．Students learned how to describe emotions in the experiment.C．Students living without screens did much better in studies.D．Most of the UK children couldn’t tie their shoe laces.11．What is the purpose of the text?A．To warn us to stay away from the Internet.B．To show screens do harm to emotions.C．To show a digital world.D．To explain how people become the Internet addicts.After years of observing human nature, I have decided that two qualities make the difference between men of great achievement and men of average performance curiosity and discontent. I have never known an outstanding man who lacked either. And I have never known an average man who had both. The two belong together.Together, these deep human urges (驱策力) count for much more that ambition. Galileo was not merely ambitious when he dropped objects of varying weights from the Leaning Tower at Pisa and timed their fall to the ground. Like Galileo, all the great names in history were curious and asked in discontent,“Why? Why? Why?”Fortunately, curiosity and discontent don’t have to be learned. We are born with them and need only recapture them.“The great man,” said Mencius (孟子), “is he who does not lose his child’s heart.” Yet most of us do lose it. We stop asking questions. We stop challenging custom. We just follow the crowd. And the crowd desires restful average. It encourages us to occupy our own little corner, to avoid foolish leaps into the dark, to be satisfied.Most of us meet new people, and new ideas, with hesitation. But once having met and liked them, we think how terrible it would have been, had we missed the chance. We will probably have to force ourselves to waken our curiosity and discontent and keep them awake.How should you start? Modestly, so as not to become discouraged. I think of one friend who couldn’t arrange flowers to satisfy herself. She was curious about how the experts did it. How she is one of the experts, writing books on flower arrangement.One way to begin is to answer your own excuses. You haven’t any special ability? Most people don’t; there are only a few geniuses. You haven’t any time? That’s good, because it’s always the people with no time who get things done. Harriet Stowe, mother of six, wrote parts of Uncle Tom’s Cabin while cooking. You’re too old? Remember that Thomas Costain was 57 when he published his first novel, and that Grandma Moses showed her first pictures when she was 78.However you start, remember there is no better time to start than right now, for you’ll never be more alive than you are at this moment.12．In writing Paragraph 1, the author aims to ______.A．propose a definition B．present an argumentC．reach a conclusion D．make a comparison13．What does the example of Galileo tell us?A．Trial and error leads to the finding of truth.B．Greatness comes from a lasting desire to explore.C．Creativity results from challenging authority.D．Scientists tend to be curious andambitious.14．What can you do to recapture curiosity and discontent?A．Observe the unknown around you.B．Follow the fashion.C．Lead a life of adventure.D．Develop a questioning mind.15．What can we learn from Paragraphs 6 and 7?A．Lack of talent and time is no reason for taking no action.B．The genius tends to get things done creatively.C．Gaining success helps you become an expertD．You should remain modest when approaching perfection.For people who are planning a trip, a visit to a museum might not be the first thing they think of. After all, there are plenty of ways to appreciate the world’s civilization, gain exciting experiences and spend quality time with family and friends. 16Museums are where people learn something new, at every age! Are you interested in something specific? 17 . There, you will find yourself drawn in and inspired! Museums are a fantastic place to learn about a region’s history, scientific achievements, major cultural events, and of course, dinosaurs. They also design exhibitions related to visual arts, industrial innovations and anything that inspires an individual to learn about the past and create new paths to the future.18 They will surely be an exciting part of the educational experience with the main purpose to expose children to knowledge of various fields and expand their horizons. To achieve that, museums are working to create meaningful and engaging activities, interactive and knowledge-based.Museums support tourism. They are tourism promoters in small towns and large cities. Museums aren’t a burden on tax revenue (税收) or a separate concern from other city projects.19 Statistics show that museums support more than 726, 000 jobs in America.Museums shape communities. They have activities and exhibitions through which visitors can learn about local history. Museums are places where a shared heritage is celebrated and a collective identity is formed. They provide an interesting public space where people meet and talk to each other. 20A．Museums bring out the best qualities in children.B．Museums often deliver kids-centered exhibitions.C．Instead, they generate funding and fuel employment.D．Then, visit a local museum to learn about that subject.E．Even shopping at the gift shop there is an opportunity for connection.F．On the contrary, they consume a small percentage of city funds annually.G．The fact, however, is that museums offer magical benefits in many ways.四、完形填空A young lady was sitting in her garden under a tree drinking tea. 21 , something white fell and 22 in her drink. It was a cocoon (茧). As the cocoon rumbled (发出隆隆声) in the hot 23 , she realized that it was made from a long, strong and soft 24 . She started thinking about how to 25 the new material. Does this story sound a bit 26 ? It does remind me of Isaac Newton, having the 27 of the law of gravity while sitting under an apple tree after he was 28 on the head with a piece of falling fruit.The story of the young woman and her tea is a popular Chinese legend (传说) about 29 . When silk was first invented, silk clothing was 30 by the rich people, and it was a status symbol. But over time its use spread and a wider range of social classes 31 wearing silk clothes.As the production of silk increased, it began to be put into industrial 32 and became a part of musical instruments, fishing lines, even wrap paper and trade business.Silk was 33 traded and spread all the way from China to India and through Central Asia to the Middle East. It was the longest trade route across land, and it allowed early 34 between Europe and China. Italy became one of the 35 producers of silkand it’s where some of the world’s finest silk cloth is made even today.21．A．Suddenly B．Fortunately C．Obviously D．Gradually 22．A．disappeared B．hid C．landed D．defended 23．A．air B．tea C．tree D．garden 24．A．creature B．chemical C．plant D．material 25．A．catch hold of B．make use of C．run out of D．drop out of 26．A．familiar B．fascinating C．exciting D．terrible 27．A．report B．record C．picture D．idea 28．A．knocked B．attacked C．touched D．fixed 29．A．industry B．trade C．silk D．clothing 30．A．chosen B．designed C．admired D．charged 31．A．enjoyed B．began C．considered D．admitted 32．A．use B．management C．operation D．standard 33．A．conveniently B．legally C．secretly D．widely 34．A．debate B．contact C．competition D．pressure 35．A．elective B．fancy C．major D．smooth五、语法填空阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

2023-2024学年山东省青岛市高二上学期期中英语质量检测模拟试题第一部分听力（共两节；每小題1.5分，满分30分）第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）听下面5段对话。

每段对话后有一个小题。

从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。

听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。

每段对话仅读一遍。

1.What does the woman think of the movie?A.It’s amusing.B.It’s exciting.C.It’s disappointing.2.How will Susan spend most of her time in France?A.Traveling around.B.Studying at a school.C.Looking after aunt.3.What are the speakers talking about?A.Going out.B.Ordering drinks.C.Preparing for a party.4.Where are the speakers?A.In a classroom.B.In a library.C.In a bookstore.5.What is the man going to do?A.Go on the Internet.B.Make a phone call.C.Take a train trip.第二节（共15小题；每小题15分，满分22.5分）听下面5段对话或独白。

每段对话或独白后有几个小题。

从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。

听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。

每段对话或独白读两遍。

听下面一段对话，回答第6和第7两个小题。

6.What is the woman looking for?A.An information office.B.A police station.C.A shoe repair shop.7.What is The Town Guide according to the man?A.A brochure.B.A newper.C.A map.听下面一段对话，回答第8和第9两个小题。

阅读理解——人与自我生活与学习题组一Passage 1 (2020全国I卷B)BReturning to a book you’ve read many times can feel like drinks with an old friend. There’s a welcome familiarity—but also sometimes a slight suspicion that time has changed you both, and thus the relationship. But books don’t change, people do. And that’s what makes the act of rereading so rich and transformative.The beauty of rereading lies in the idea that our bond with the work is based on ourpresent mental register. It’s true, the older I get, the more I feel time has wings. But with reading, it’s all about the present. It’s about the now and what one contributes to the now, because reading is a give and take between author and reader. Each has to pull their own weight.There are three books I reread annually. The first, which I take to reading every spring, is Emest Hemingway’s A Moveable Feast. Published in 1964, it’s his classic memoir of 1920s Paris. The language is almost intoxicating(令人陶醉的), an aging writer looking back on an ambitious yet simpler time. Another is Annie Dillard’s Holy the Firm, her poetic 1975 ramble(随笔) about everything and nothing. The third book is Julio Cortázar’s Save Twilight: Selected Poems, because poetry. And because Cortázar.While I tend to buy a lot of books, these three were given to me as gifts, which might add to the meaning I attach to them. But I imagine that, while money is indeed wonderful and necessary, rereading an author’s work is the highest currency a reader can pay them. The best books are the ones that open further as time passes. But remember, it’s you that has to grow and read and reread in order to better understand your friends.1. Why does the author like rereading?A. It evaluates the writer-reader relationship.B. It’s a window to a whole new world.C. It’s a substitute for drinking with a friend.D. It extends the understanding of oneself.2. What do we know about the book A Moveable Feast?A. It’s a brief account of a trip.B. It’s about Hemingway’s life as a young man.C. It’s a record of a historic event.D. It’s about Hemingway’s friends in Paris.3. What does the underlined word “currency” in paragraph 4 refer to?A. Debt.B. Reward.C. Allowance.D. Face value.4. What can we infer about the author from the text?A. He loves poetry.B. He’s an editor.C. He’s very ambitious.D. He teaches reading.Passage 2 2020全国卷II DDI have a special place in my heart for libraries. I have for as long as I can remember. I was always an enthusiastic reader, sometimes reading up to three books a day as a child. Stories were like air to me and while other kids played ball or went to parties, I lived out adventures through the books I checked out from the library.My first job was working at the Ukiah Library when I was 16 years old .It was a dream job and I did everything from shelving books to reading to the children for story time.As I grew older and became a mother, the library took on a new place and an added meaning in my life. I had several children and books were our main source(来源) of entertainment. It was a big deal for us to load up and go to the local library, where my kids could pick out books to read or books they wanted me to read to them.I always read ,using different voices ,as though I were acting out the stories with my voice and they loved it !It was a special time to bond with my children and it filled them with the wonderment of books .Now, I see my children taking their children to the library and I love that the excitement of going to the library lives on form generation to generation.As a novelist, I’ve found a new relationship with libraries. I encourage readers to go to their local library when they can’t afford to purchase a book. I see libraries as a safe haven(避风港) for readers and writers, a bridge that helps put together a reader with a book. Libraries, in their own way, help fight book piracy(盗版行为) and 1 think all writers should support libraries in a significant way when they can. Encourage readers to use the library. Share library announcements on your social media. Frequent them and talk about them when you can.1. Which word best describes the author’s relationship with books as a child?A. Cooperative.B. Uneasy.C. Inseparable.D. Casual.2. What does the underlined phrase “an added meaning” in paragraph 3 refer to?A. Pleasure from working in the library.B. Joy of reading passed on in the family.C. Wonderment from acting out the stories.D. A closer bond developed with the readers.3. What does the author call on other writers to do?A. Sponsor book fairs.B. Write for social media.C. Support libraries.D. Purchase her novels.4. Which can be a suitable title for the text?A. Reading: A Source of KnowledgeB. My Idea about writingC. Library: A Haven for the YoungD. My Love of the Library题组二Passage 1 2020 山东卷BBJennifer Mauer has needed more willpower than the typical college student to pursue her goal of earning a nursing degree. That willpower bore fruit when Jennifer graduated from University of Wisconsin-Eau Claire and became the first in her large family to earn a bachelor's degree.Mauer, of Edgar, Wisconsin, grew up on a farm in a family of 10 children. Her dad worked at a job away from the farm, and her mother ran the farm with the kids. After high school, Jennifer attended a local technical college, working to pay her tuition (学费), because there was no extra money set aside for a college education. After graduation, she worked to help her sisters and brothers pay for their schooling.Jennifer now is married and has three children of her own. She decided to go back to college to advance her career and to be able to better support her family while doing something she loves: nursing. She chose the UW-Eau Claire program at Ministry Saint Joseph's Hospital in Marshfield because she was able to pursue her four-year degree close to home. She could drive to class and be home in the evening to help with her kids. Jennifer received great support from her family as she worked to earn her degree: Her husband worked two jobs to cover the bills, and her 68-year-old mother helped take care of the children at times.Through it all, she remained in good academic standing and graduated with honors. Jennifer sacrificed (牺牲) to achieve her goal, giving up many nights with her kids and missing important events to study. "Some nights my heart was breaking to have to pick between my kids and studying for exams or papers." she says. However, her children have learned an important lesson witnessing their mother earn her degree. Jennifer is a first-generation graduate and an inspirationto her family - and that's pretty powerful.1.What did Jennifer do after high school?A. She helped her dad with his work.B. She ran the family farm on her own.C. She supported herself through college.D. She taught her sisters and brothers at home.2.Why did Jennifer choose the program at Ministry Saint Joseph's Hospital in Marshfield?A. To take care of her kids easily.B. To learn from the best nurses.C. To save money for her parents.D. To find a well-paid job there.3.What did Jennifer sacrifice to achieve her goal?A. Her health.B. Her time with family.C. Her reputation.D. Her chance of promotion.4.What can we learn from Jennifer's story?A. Time is money.B. Love breaks down barriers.C. Hard work pays off.D. Education is the key to success.Passage 2 2020 天津卷DDAfter years of observing human nature, I have decided that two qualities make the difference between men of great achievement and men of average performance curiosity and discontent. I have never known an outstanding man who lacked either. And I have never known an average man who had both. The two belong together.Together, these deep human urges（驱策力）count for much more than ambition. Galileo was not merely ambitious when he dropped objects of varying weights from the Leaning Tower at Pisa and timed their fall to the ground. Like Galileo, all the great names in history were curious and asked in discontent, "Why? Why? Why?"Fortunately, curiosity and discontent don’t have to be learned. We are born with them and need only recapture them."The great man," said Mencius（孟子）, "is he who does not lose his child’s heart. "Yet most of us do lose it. We stop asking questions. We stop challenging custom. We just follow the crowd. And the crowd desires only the calm and restful average. It encourages us to occupy our own little corner, to avoid foolish leaps into the dark, to be satisfied.Most of us meet new people, and new ideas, with hesitation. But once having met and liked them, we think how terrible it would have been, had we missed the chance. We will probably have to force ourselves to waken our curiosity and discontent and keep them awake.How should you start? Modestly, so as not to become discouraged. I think of one friend who couldn’t arrange flowers to satisfy herself. She was curious about how the experts did it. How she is one of the experts, writing books on flower arrangement.One way to begin is to answer your own excuses. You haven’t any special ability? Most people don’t; there are only a few geniuses. You haven’t any time? That’s good, because it’s always the people with no time who get things done. Harriet Stowe, mother of six, wrote parts of Uncle Tom’s Cabin while cooking. You’re too old? Remember that Thomas Costain was 57 when he published his first novel, and that Grandma Moses showed her first pictures when she was 78.However you start, remember there is no better time to start than right now, for you’ll never be more alive than you are at this moment.1. In writing Paragraph 1, the author aims to ________.A. propose a definitionB. make a comparisonC. reach a conclusionD. present an argument2. What does the example of Galileo tell us?A. Trial and error leads to the finding of truth.B. Scientists tend to be curious and ambitious.C. Creativity results from challenging authority.D. Greatness comes from a lasting desire to explore.3. What can you do to recapture curiosity and discontent?A. Observe the unknown around you.B. Develop a questioning mind.C. Lead a life of adventure.D. Follow the fashion.4. What can we learn from Paragraphs 6 and 7?A. Gaining success helps you become an expert.B. The genius tends to get things done creatively.C. Lack of talent and time is no reason for taking no action.D. You should remain modest when approaching perfection.55. What could be the best title or the passage?A. Curious Minds Never Feel ContentedB. Reflections on Human NatureC. The Keys to AchievementD. Never Too Late to Learn题组三Passage 1 2019 全国卷I BBFor Canaan Elementary’s second grade in Patchogue, N.Y.，today is speech day, and right now it’s Chris Palaez’s turn. The 8-year-old is the joker of the class. With shining dark eyes, he seems like the of kid who would enjoy public speaking.But he’s, nervous.“I’m here to tell you today why you should … should…”Chris trips on the“-ld,”a. pronunciation difficulty for many non-native English speakers. His teacher, Thomas Whaley, is next to him, whispering support.“…V ote for …me …”Except for some stumbles, Chris is doing amazingly well. When he brings his speech to a nice conclusion, Whaley invites the rest of the class to praise him.A son of immigrants, Chris stared learning English a little over three years ago. Whaley recalls(回想起)how at the beginning of the year，when called upon to read，Chris would excuse himself to go to the bathroom.Learning English as a second language can be a painful experience. What you need is a great teacher who lets you make mistakes. “It takes a lot for any student，” Whaley explains，“especially for a student who is learning English as their new language，to feel confident enough to say，‘I don’t know，but I want to know.’”Whaley got the idea of this second-grade presidential campaign project when he asked the children one day to raise their hands if they thought they could never be a president. The answer broke his heart. Whaley says the project is about more than just learning to read and speak in public. He wants these kids to learn to boast(夸耀)about themselves.“Boasting about yourself，and your best qualities,” Whaley says，“is very difficult for a child who came into the classroom not feeling confident.”24. What made Chris nervous?A. Telling a story.B. Making a speech.C. Taking a test.D. Answering a question.25. What does the underlined word “stumbles” in paragraph 2 refer to?A. Improper pauses.B. Bad manners.C. Spelling mistakes.D. Silly jokes.26. We can infer that the purpose of Whaley’s project is to _________.A. help students see their own strengthsB. assess students’ public speaking skillsC. prepare students for their future jobsD. inspire students’ love for politics27. Which of the following best describes Whaley as a teacher?A. Humorous.B. Ambitious.C. Caring.D. Demanding.Passage2 2019 天津卷BBI must have always known reading was very important because the first memories I have as a child deal with books. There was not one night that I don’t remember mom reading me a storybook by my bedside. I was extremely inspired by the elegant way the words sounded.I always wanted to know what my mom was reading. Hearing mom say, "I can’t believe what’s printed in the newspaper this morning," made me want to grab it out of her hands and read it myself. I wanted to be like my mom and know all of the things she knew. So I carried around a book, and each night, just to be like her, I would pretend to be reading.This is how everyone learned to read. We would start off with sentences, then paragraphs, and then stories. It seemed an unending journey, but even as a six-year-old girl I realized that knowing how to read could open many doors. When mom said," The C-A-N-D-Y is hidden on the top shelf," I knew where the candy was. My progress in reading raised my curiosity, and I wanted to know everything. I often found myself telling my mom to drive more slowly, so that I could read all of the road signs we passed.Most of my reading through primary, middle and high school was factual reading. I read for knowledge, and to make A’s on my tests. Occasionally, I would read a novel that was assigned, but I didn’t enjoy this type of reading. I liked facts, things that are concrete. I thought anything abstract left too much room for argument.Yet, now that I’m growing and the world I once knew as being so simple is becoming more complex, I find myself needing a way to escape. By opening a novel, I can leave behind my burdens and enter into a wonderful and mysterious world where I am now a new character. In these worlds I can become anyone. I don’t have to write down what happened or what technique the author was using when he or she wrote this. I just read to relax.We’re taught to read because it’s necessary for much of human understanding. Reading is a vital part of my life. Reading satisfies my desire to keep learning. And I’ve found that the possibilities that lie within books are limitless.41. Why did the author want to grab the newspaper out of mom’s hands?A. She wanted mom to read the news to her.B. She was anxious to know what had happened.C. She couldn’t wait to tear the newspaper apart.D. She couldn’t help but stop mom from reading.42. According to Paragraph 3, the author’s reading of road signs indicates ___________.A. her unique way to locate herselfB. her eagerness to develop her reading abilityC. her effort to remind mom to obey traffic rulesD. her growing desire to know the world around her.43. What was the author’s view on factual reading?A. It would help her update test-taking skills.B. It would allow much room for free thinking.C. It would provide true and objective information.D. It would help shape a realistic and serious attitude to life.44. The author takes novel reading as a way to___________.A. explore a fantasy landB. develop a passion for leaningC. learn about the adult communityD. get away from a confusing world45. What could be the best title for the passage?A. The Magic of ReadingB. The Pleasure of ReadingC. Growing Up with ReadingD. Reading Makes a Full Man题组四Passage1 2018 全国卷III DDAdults understand what if feels like to be flooded with objects. Why do we often assume that more is more when it comes to kids and their belongings? The good news is that I can help my own kids learn earlier than I did how to live more with less.I found the pre-holidays a good time to encourage young children to donate less-used things, and it worked. Because of our efforts, our daughter Georgia did decide to donate a large bag of toys to a little girl whose mother was unable to pay for her holiday due to illness. She chose to sell a few large objects that were less often used when we promised to put the money into her school fund (基金) (our kindergarten is serious about becoming a doctor).For weeks, I’ve been thinking of bigger, deeper questions. How do we make it a habit for them? And how do we train ourselves to help them live with, need and use less? Yesterday, I sat with my son, Shepherd, determined to test my own theory on this. I decided to play with him with only one toy for as long as it would keep his interest. I expected that one toy would keep his attention for about five minutes, ten minutes max. I chose a red rubber ball-simple, universally available. We passed it, he tried to put it in his mouth, he tried bouncing it, rolling it, sitting on it, throwing it. It was totally, completely enough for him. Before I knew it an hour had passed and it was time to move on to lunch.We both became absorbed in the simplicity of playing together. He had my full attention andI had his. My little experiment to find joy in a single object worked for both of us.32. What do the words “more is more” in paragraph 1 probably mean?A. The more, the better.B. Enough is enough.C. More money, more worries.D. Earn more and spend more.33. What made Georgia agree to sell some of her objects?A. Saving up for her holiday.B. Raising money for a poor girl.C. Adding the money to her fund.D. Giving the money to a sick mother.34. Why did the author play the ball with Shepherd?A. To try out an idea.B. To show a parent’s love.C. To train his attention.D. To help him start a hobby,.35. What can be a suitable title for the text?A. Take it or Leave it.B. A Lesson from Kids.C. Live More with Less.D. The Pleasure of Giving.Passage2 2016 全国卷II BBFive years ago, when I taught art at a school in Seattle, I used Tinkertoys as a test at the beginning of a term to find out something about my students. I put a small set of Tinkertoys in front of each student, and said: “Make something out of the Tinkertoys. You have 45 minutes today — and 45 minutes each day for the rest of the week.”A few students hesitated to start. They waited to see what the rest of the class would do. Several others checked the instructions and made something according to one of the model plans provided. Another group built something out of their own imaginations.Once I had a boy who worked experimentally with Tinkertoys in his free time. His constructions filled a shelf in the art classroom and a good part of his bedroom at home. I was delighted at the presence of such a student. Here was an exceptionally creative mind at work. His presence meant that I had an unexpected teaching assistant in class whose creativity would infect (感染) other students.Encouraging this kind of thinking has a downside. I ran the risk of losing those students who had a different style of thinking. Without fail one would declare, “But I’m just not creative.”“Do you dream at night when you’re asleep?”“Oh, sure.”“So tell me one of your most interesting dreams.” The student would tell something wildly imaginative. Flying in the sky or in a time machine or growing three heads. “That’s pretty creative. Who does that for you?”“Nobody. I do it.”“Really — at night, when you’re asleep?”“Sure.”“Try doing it in the daytime, in class, okay?”25. The teacher used Tinkertoys in class in order to ________.A. know more about the studentsB. make the lessons more excitingC. raise the students’ interest in artD. teach the students about toy design26. What do we know about the boy mentioned in Paragraph 3?A. He liked to help his teacher.B. He preferred to study alone.C. He was active in class.D. He was imaginative.27. What does the underlined word “downside” in Paragraph 4 probably mean?A. Mistake.B. Drawback.C. Difficulty.D. Burden.28. Why did the teacher ask the students to talk about their dreams?A. To help them to see their creativity.B. To find out about their sleeping habits.C. To help them to improve their memory.D. To find out about their ways of thinking.。

伽利略·伽利雷伽利略（Galileo Galilei，1564-02-15-1642-01-08）。

意大利数学家、物理学家、天文学家，科学革命的先驱[1] 。

伽利略发明了摆针和温度计，在科学上为人类作出过巨大贡献，是近代实验科学的奠基人之一。

历史上他首先在科学实验的基础上融汇贯通了数学、物理学和天文学三门知识，扩大、加深并改变了人类对物质运动和宇宙的认识[2] 。

伽利略从实验中总结出自由落体定律、惯性定律和伽利略相对性原理等。

从而推翻了亚里士多德物理学的许多臆断，奠定了经典力学的基础，反驳了托勒密的地心体系，有力地支持了哥白尼的日心学说[1] 。

他以系统的实验和观察推翻了纯属思辨传统的自然观，开创了以实验事实为根据并具有严密逻辑体系的近代科学。

因此被誉为“近代力学之父”、“现代科学之父”。

其工作为牛顿的理论体系的建立奠定了基础[2] 。

伽利略倡导数学与实验相结合的研究方法，这种研究方法是他在科学上取得伟大成就的源泉，也是他对近代科学的最重要贡献[3] 。

伽利略认为经验是知识的唯一源泉，主张用实验—数学方法研究自然规律，反对经院哲学的神秘思辨。

深信自然之书是用数学语言写的，只有能归结为数量特征的形状、大小和速度才是物体的客观性质。

他是利用望远镜观察天体取得大量成果的第一人。

伽利略对17世纪的自然科学和世界观的发展起了重大作用[1] 。

从伽利略、牛顿开始的实验科学，是近代自然科学的开始[3] 。

人物生平编辑伽利略伽利略伽利略（GalileoGalilei，1564-02-25—1642-01-08）。

意大利数学家、物理学家和天文学家，近代实验科学的奠基者之一。

生于比萨，卒于阿切特里。

伽利略家族姓伽利莱(Galilei)，他的全名是Galileo Galilei，但现已通行称呼他的名“伽利略”（Galileo），而不称呼他的姓。

伽利略出身于没落的贵族家庭。

他父亲芬琴齐奥·伽利莱（Vincenzio Galilei 1520—1591）精通音乐理论和声学，著有《音乐对话》一书。

2022届高考英语一轮复习题型组合训练（Day 8）今日训练内容：完型填空+阅读理解+语法填空一、完型填空Until April 2, 2011, everything in my life was perfect. I was sitting tight like every other 1 in the country to watch India 2 the world cup. But this day turned my 3 upside down.I took the train to reach home early that day to watch the match. I caught the 4 train but got pushed out. Next moment I found myself on the track with my right leg injured and 5 badly. I did not feel pain at that moment, as I think it took time to 6 the “reality”. I was sent to hospital 7 . As soon as I regained 8 , my first question was whether India won. Hearing the doctor reply yes, my happiness knew no9 . But he also told me I should 10 with my leg.I always dreamt of becoming a professional sportsman one day. But after this, I was in despair as I 11it would never be possible with only one leg. Then, I happened to learn about the Paralympics (残奧会). My dream was 12 . But it was not easy. When I went for long jump, although I was good at it, I was told I would need a blade prosthetic (义肢) which I could not 13 .I spent a year looking for 14 and approached various companies. To my luck in 2013, I got financial support from the Dakshin Rehabilitation Centre. Thereafter, I began taking my 15 in sports seriously and dreamt of representing India in Paralympics one day.1．A．parent B．athlete C．student D．fan2．A．lift B．imagine C．relay D．quit3．A．life B．body C．country D．study4．A．steaming B．packed C．cheap D．late5．A．burning B．bleeding C．suffering D．reacting6．A．forget B．miss C．accept D．welcome7．A．gradually B．rudely C．immediately D．accidentally8．A．power B．confidence C．order D．consciousness9．A．time B．bounds C．colors D．surprise10．A．part B．dance C．struggle D．meet11．A．agreed B．joked C．guaranteed D．thought12．A．praised B．arranged C．restored D．nailed13．A．believe B．object C．afford D．permit14．A．funds B．volunteers C．coaches D．receivers15．A．injury B．pleasure C．talent D．career二、阅读理解AHow do top athletes handle defeat and disappointment? Can an athlete turn to his or her teammates for support or encouragement? The following top performers' responses will be helpful to you.Think positivelySiri Lindley is a top triathlete (三项全能运动员), competing in events that combine long-distance running, swimming and cycling. “I try to use what I learn from each loss to make me stronger and more determined,” she says. “Then I pick my head up and start thinking positive, and I visualize myself succeeding the next time. Let the losses make you stronger.”Stick with itAllen Johnson won a gold medal in the 110-meter hurdles at the 1996 Olympics, but he knows that he can’t win every race. “When I don’t win. I have to accept the fact that I made a mistake or that someone was better on that day,” he says. “You can’t be the best every day, but you can be the best on some day.”Pick yourself upFigure skater Michael Weiss is one of the best in his sport, but there have been a lot of failures along the way.“I look at failing as a part of growing,” he says. “When you lose and you are feeling down, without teammates to lift you up, you have to be strong enough to pick yourself up.”Learn from mistakesGymnast Shannon Miller has won several Olympic medals, including two golds. “If I make a mistake in the middle of a competition, I try to forget about it because I have to go on.” she says. “If I do poorly over the course of an entire meet, I go back to the gym and figure out what went wrong. It’s so important to learn from your mistakes.”16．What do we know about Allen Johnson?A．He is creative and adventurous.B．He is capable and adaptable.C．He is open-minded and hard-working.D．He is ambitious and stubborn.17．Who always learns from mistakes?A．Siri Lindley.B．Allen Johnson.C．Michael Weiss.D．Shannon Miller.18．What can we infer about the athletes mentioned in the text?A．They solve difficulties positively.B．They ask teammates for help.C．They compete in events freely.D．They view themselves as the best.BAfter years of observing human nature, I have decided that two qualities make the difference between men of great achievement and men of average performance curiosity and discontent. I have never known an outstanding man who lacked either. And I have never known an average man who had both. The two belong together.Together, these deep human urges (驱策力) count for much more that ambition. Galileo was not merely ambitious when he dropped objects of varying weights from the Leaning Tower at Pisa and timed their fall to the ground. Like Galileo, all the great names in history were curious and asked in discontent, “Why? Why? Why?”Fortunately, curiosity and discontent don’t have to be learned. We are born with them and need only recapture them.“The great man,” said Mencius (孟子), “is he who does not lose his child’s heart.” Yet most of us do lose it. We stop asking questions. We stop challenging custom. We just follow the crowd. And the crowd desires restful average. It encourages us to occupy our own little corner, to avoid foolish leaps into the dark, to be satisfied.Most of us meet new people, and new ideas, with hesitation. But once having met and liked them, we think how terrible it would have been, had we missed the chance. We will probably have to force ourselves to waken our curiosity and discontent and keep them awake.How should you start? Modestly, so as not to become discouraged. I think of one friend who couldn’t arrange flowers to satisfy herself. She was curious about how the experts did it. How she is one of the experts, writing books on flower arrangement.One way to begin is to answer your own excuses. You haven’t any special ability? Most people don’t; there are only a few geniuses. You haven’t any time? That’s good, because it’s always the people with no time who get things done. Harriet Stowe, mother of six, wrote parts of Uncle Tom’s Cabin while cooking. You’re too old? Remember that Thomas Costain was 57 when he published his first novel, and that Grandma Moses showed her first pictures when she was 78.However you start, remember there is no better time to start than right now, for you’ll never be more alive than you are at this moment.19．In writing Paragraph 1, the author aims to ________.A．propose a definition B．make a comparisonC．reach a conclusion D．present an argument20．What does the example of Galileo tell us?A．Trial and error leads to the finding of truth.B．Scientists tend to be curious and ambitious.C．Creativity results from challenging authority.D．Greatness comes from a lasting desire to explore. 21．What can you do to recapture curiosity and discontent?A．Observe the unknown around you.B．Develop a questioning mind.C．Lead a life of adventure.D．Follow the fashion.22．What can we learn from Paragraphs 6 and 7?A．Gaining success helps you become an expert.B．The genius tends to get things done creatively.C．Lack of talent and time is no reason for taking no action.D．You should remain modest when approaching perfection.CMedia multitasking, such as scrolling through social media while watching a movie, may be linked to more brief failures in attention and difficulty remembering things.“Our data support the idea that we should be aware of how we engage with media,” says Kevin Paul Madore at Stanford University in California. He and his team compared people’s self-reported levels of media multitasking with their performances in a memory task, as part of a study including 80 participants aged 18 to 26.The researchers specifically tested episodic memory (情景记忆), which helps us recall events, by presenting the participants with images of objects on a computer and then later asking them to recall whether they had seen the objects earlier or not. At the same time, the team used EEG (脑电图) and eye tracking to monitor people’s attentiveness.Madore and his colleagues also asked participants to complete a questionnaire to determine how often they engage in various forms of media multitasking, such as texting while watching TV or reading while listening to music. They found that people who reported more frequent media multitasking had more brief failures in attention during the memory task, which was associated with increased difficulties with remembering.“I think conscious awareness of attentiveness and limiting potential distractions can go a long way in memory preparedness and reducing mind wandering or mind blanking,” says Madore. “Resisting mediamultitasking during school lectures or work zones, or limiting media multitasking to set times, could be valuable.”“Media multitasking is becoming more prominent. We don’t actually know anything about the effects yet,” says Amy Orben at the University of Cambridge. It will be important to investigate whether media multitasking causes brief attentional failure and memory failure or whether there is another factor, such as how generally distractible a person is, that could explain the association. This could be investigated through studies that monitor people over time and this is a really interesting area that we should explore, she says.23．What were the research subjects asked to do?A．Monitor their attentiveness.B．Recall the content of the images.C．Describe their frequency of media multitasking.D．Answer some questions on potential distractions.24．According to Madore, what can benefit people’s memory?A．Avoiding mind wandering.B．Restricting media multitasking.C．Engaging less with social media.D．Being aware of potential distractions.25．What will the future study most probably focus on?A．How generally distractible a person is.B．How to monitor people in the long run.C．What should be factored in attentional failures.D．Whether media multitasking gives rise to inattention.26．What can be a suitable title for the text?A．More Media Multitasking, Worse MemoryB．More Media Multitasking, Less EfficiencyC．Media Multitasking — a Barrier to SuccessD．Media Multitasking — a Distraction from WorkDThe world’s glaciers are melting. Each year, they become smaller in size as ice breaks off and floats away. These giant pieces of ice also hold very old viruses and bacteria and as the ice melts, some of them may be waking up.In 2015, scientists took ice from a 15,000-year-old glacier in Tibet, hoping to learn more about the history of life in the area. What was the result? The scientists found 28 new viruses frozen in the ice. Experts think they can learn a lot from these ancient viruses. They hope to find out how viruses and bacteria survive and this may help future people as new viruses turn up in the Earth’s changing climate. However, others worry whether these viruses and bacteria could cause sickness in humans. As yet, the viruses found in the Tibetan glacier seem to only infect amoebas, a very small living animal, they may not be a threat to people. But melting ice elsewhere in the world might be a different story.In 2016, parts of Siberia saw a heat wave. The higher temperatures caused melting of soil that normally stays frozen year-round. As the ground warmed, bacteria escaped, which caused a sudden start of a serious disease in the area. In 2017, a teacher in Alaska came home from a trip with a skin infection. He visited his doctor. That’s when he learned that the infection was caused by bacteria from melted sea animal bodies. The bacteria had been frozen with the animals for many years before infecting him.How worried should people be about the viruses and bacteria escaping from melting ice? Most experts aren’t ringing the alarm bells, yet. Instead, scientists worry that many viruses and bacteria will be lost as the ice melts, and so do the learning chances. Is there any hope of saving the world’s glaciers? Most experts say no — the planet has already warmed too much.27．What do we know about the viruses and bacteria in glaciers?A．They will not be harmful to humans.B．They only threaten small living animals.C．They have stayed in ice for over 15,000 years.D．Studying them helps humans in the long run.28．What does the teacher’s experience show?A．Sea animal bodies are very common in ice.B．Climate change can cause disease indirectly.C．Some bacteria are safe for animals.D．It’s easy to suffer a skin infection.29．What do experts care more about according to the last paragraph?A．Having no ways to stop climate change.B．Being unable to save the world’s glaciers.C．Losing the chances to study the viruses and bacteria.D．Helping the people infected with viruses and bacteria.30．What can be the best title for the text?A．Ancient bacteria’s and viruses’ waking up causes worry.B．Ancient bacteria and viruses are trapped in melting ice.C．What can we do to protect the environment?D．What can scientists learn from glaciers?三、语法填空阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式The Lantern Festival, also known as Shangyuan Festival, is observed on January 15th on Chinese lunar calendar. It is the first full moon night in Chinese lunar year, 31．(symbol) harmony, reunion and the coming back of the spring.The Lantern Festival is deemed as a good day for family get-together.As for the traditions for this festival, just 32．its name indicates, hanging and looking at lanterns is the main tradition. Lanterns of 33．(vary) of shapes and sizes are displayed on trees, or along river banks. Some are in the shapes of butterflies, birds, flowers, and boats, others 34．(shape) like dragon, fruit and animal symbols of thatAnother tradition is solving lantern riddles. Thousands of riddles 35．(hang) on lanterns for people to shoot down and solve. The riddles are usually short, wise, and sometimes humorous. The answer 36．a riddle can be a Chinese character, a famous person’s name, a place name or a proverb. This tradition is said 37．(become) a popular game with serious staying power even as social development changes other traditions.Aside from that, the most important thing to do today is to eat sweet dumplings. In northern China, sweet dumplings made of glutinous rice flour are called “Y uanxiao” while in 38．(south) part they are called “Tangyuan”. Typical sweet dumplings are filled with black sesame sauce, sweetened bean paste, or hawthorn and the round shape of it is a symbol of wholeness, completeness and unity.The lantern festival is an occasion when the families get together and everyone—young, old, rich and poor 39．(have) fun. Making “ Y uanxiao” today is like a game or 40．activity, so it’s seldom done without a group of friends or family present to help out.阅读下面短文，在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

主题语境(五) 认识自我，丰富自我，完善自我(2)阅读理解A(2020·天津卷·D)After years of observing human nature，I have decided that two qualities make the difference between men of great achievement and men of average performance：curiosity and discontent.I have never known an outstanding man who lacked either.And I have never known an average man who had both.The two belong together.Together，these deep human urges (驱策力) count for much more than ambition.Galileo was not merely ambitious when he dropped objects of varying weights from the Leaning Tower at Pisa and timed their fall to the ground. Like Galileo，all the great names in history were curious and asked in discontent，“Why？Why？Why？”Fortunately，curiosity and discontent don't have to be learned.We are born with them and need only recapture them.“The great man，” said Mencius (孟子)，“is he who does not lose his child's heart.” Yet most of us do lose it.We stop asking questions.We stop challenging custom.We just follow the crowd.And the crowd desires only the calm and restful average.It encourages us to occupy our own little corner，to avoid foolish leaps into the dark，to be satisfied.Most of us meet new people，and new ideas，with hesitation.But once having met and liked them，we think how terrible it would have been，had we missed the chance.We will probably have to force ourselves to waken our curiosity and discontent and keep them awake.How should you start？Modestly, so as not to become discouraged.I think of one friend who couldn't arrange flowers to satisfy herself.She was curious about how the experts did it. Now she is one of the experts，writing books on flower arrangement.One way to begin is to answer your own excuses.You haven't any special ability？Most people don't; there are only a few geniuses.You haven't any time？That's good，because it's always the people with no time who get things done.Harriet Stowe，mother of six，wrote parts of Uncle Tom's Cabin while cooking.You're too old？Remember thatThomas Costain was 57 when he published his first novel，and that Grandma Moses showed her first pictures when she was 78.However you start，remember there is no better time to start than right now，for you'll never be more alive than you are at this moment.【语篇解读】本文是一篇议论文，经过多年对人性的观察，作者认为有两个品质造成了有成就的人和平庸的人之间的差异——好奇心和不满足。

商志传奇背词班习题卷八（No.8 9803）Exercise 1 59._____60.______61._______62.________Exercise 2 (E-C/ C-E)Para. 11) have an uneasy relationship with … ______________________Japan has had an uneasy relationship with its neighbors.______________________________________________________2) aspect ___________3) trial ___________ judge n._______ v. ________ justice n. __________jury n. _____________ lawyer __________= ____________4) plaintiff ___________ complain ___________ defendant ___________ defend ___________ = ___________ witness ___________5)verdict ___________ = ___________decision of the court/ judge ____________________sentence __________ sentence sb. death ___________appeal to a higher court ___________6) rebel v. ___________ rebelling belief ___________ belief n ___________ believe v. ___________7) harsh remarks against … __________________ harsh reality ___________8) worldview ___________9) machine ___________ mechanistic ___________10) humanities ___________ humanist ___________social sciences ___________ natural science ___________11) deepen ___________Para. 21) until recently _______________2) scientific community ___________community ___________ sports community ____________health research community ______________academic community _______________3) afford to do sth. ___________ I cannot afford higher education. _________________________________CPC is so powerful that it can afford to ignore its critics. ____________________________________________4) critic n. ___________5) fund n. ___________ v. ___________overfund v. ___________underfund ___________6) decline ___________ = ___________7) anti-smoking lobby ___________8) note v. ___________noteworthy adj. ___________ notably adj. ___________9) superstition ___________Para. 31)voice v. ___________ = ___________express /voice one’s concern __________________________2) flight from ___________3) reasonable ___________4) assemble ___________ = ___________assemble v. ___________assembly n. ___________________robot assembly arm ____________________ Para. 41) find fault with sb. ___________2) society ___________sociology ___________ philosophy ___________ academic adj. ___________ n. ___________3) doubt ___________ = ___________4) object n. ___________ UFO ( Unidentified Flying Object )_______________ objective adj. ___________objectivity n. ___________5) primary adj. ______________ primary task ______________ primary school___________ secondary school ______________high school ______________ higher education _____________6) be concerned with ___________7) create v. ___________creation n. ___________creationism ___________ evolutionism ___________evolve v. ___________evolution n. ___________8) contradict v. ___________ contradiction n. ___________contrary adj.___________on the contrary ______________Para. 51) suggest v. ___________ = ___________ = ___________ = ___________ =___________2) tag n. ___________ = ___________lab (laboratory) n. ___________ad. (advertisement) n. ___________3) attach to… ______________attached middle school to Renmin University____________________ attached hospital to Peking University ___________________4) authority n. ___________author ___________5) advocate v. ___________ n. ___________animal rights advocates _______________________6) eliminate ___________7) remaining adj. _____________remaining colonies _____________remaining customers ___________8) smallpox virus ___________kill virus ___________ stock n./v. ___________ stocking device ___________ out of stock ___________Para. 61) dispute n./v. ___________ 2) term n. ___________3) apply to …___________4) manifesto n ___________declare v. ___________ declaration n. ___________5) scorn v. ___________ 6) long for… ___________Para. 71) pioneer ___________ 2) ozone layer ___________Para. 81) epithet ___________2) lump together ___________3) have …in common ___________4) annoy v. ___________threaten v. ___________5) enlighten v ___________enlightened adj. ___________Exercise 3Translation:Read the above text carefully and then translate the following sentences into Chinese.1)Think of Galileo's 17th-century trial for his rebelling belief before the Catholic Church or poet William Blake's harsh remarks against the mechanistic worldview of Isaac Newton._____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ 2)Sagan is more concerned with those who believe in ghosts, creationism and other phenomena that contradict the scientific worldview._____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ 3)They have in common only one thing that they tend to annoy or threaten those who regard themselves as more enlightened._____________________________________________________________________。

2020年高考英语真题模拟试题专项汇编(7)阅读理解-人生感悟类1.I have a special place in my heart for libraries. I have for as long as I can remember. I was always an enthusiastic reader, sometimes reading up to three books a day as a child. Stories were like air to me and while other kids played ball or went to parties, I lived out adventures through the books I checked out from the library.My first job was working at the Ukiah Library when I was 16 years old .It was a dream job and I did everything from shelving books to reading to the children for story time.As I grew older and became a mother, the library took on a new place and an added meaning in my life. I had several children and books were our main source(来源)of entertainment. It was a big deal for us to load up and go to the local library, where my kids could pick out books to read or books they wanted me to read to them.I always read, using different voices, as though I were acting out the stories with my voice and they loved it! It was a special time to bond with my children and it filled them with the wonderment of books.Now, I see my children taking their children to the library and I love that the excitement of going to the library lives on from generation to generation.As a novelist, Pve found a new relationship with libraries. I encourage readers to go to their local library when they can't afford to purchase a book. I see libraries as a safe haven(避风港)for readers and writers, a bridge that helps put together a reader with a book. Libraries, in their own way, help fight book piracy(盗版行为)and I think all writers should support libraries in a significant way when they can. Encourage readers to use the library, Share library announcements on your social media. Frequent them and talk about them when you can.(1).Which word best describes the author's relationship with books as a child?A.Cooperative.B.Uneasy.C. Inseparable.D. Casual.(2).What does the underlined phrase "an added meaning*' in paragraph 3 refer to?A.Pleasure from working in the library.B.Joy of reading passed on in the family.C.Wonderment from acting out the stories.D.A closer bond developed with the readers.A.Sponsor book fairs.B.Write for social media.C.Support libraries.D.Purchase her novels.(4).Which can be a suitable title for the text?A.Reading: A Source of KnowledgeB.My Idea about WritingC.Library: A Haven for the YoungD.My Love of the Library2.I never knew anyone who'd grown up in Jackson without being afraid of Mrs. Calloway, our librarian. She ran Jackson's Carnegie Library absolutely by herself. SILENCE in big black letters was on signs hung everywhere If she thought you were dressed improperly, she sent you straight back home to change your clothes. I was willing; I would do anything to read.My mother was not afraid of Mrs. Calloway She wished me to have my own library card to check out books for myself. She took me in to introduce me. "Eudora is nine years old and has my permission to read any book she wants from the shelves, children or adults," Mother said.Mrs. Calloway made her own rules about books. You could not take back a book to the library on the same day you'd taken it out; it made no difference to her that you'd read every word in it and needed another to start. You could take out two books at time and two only. So two by two, I read library books as fast as I could go: rushing them home in the basket of my bicycle. From the minute reached our house, I started to read, knew this was extreme happiness, knew it at the time.My mother shared this feeling of mine. Now I think of her as reading so much of the time while doing something else. I remember her reading a magazine while taking the part of the Wolf in a game of "Little Red Riding Hood" with my brother's two daughters. She'd just look up at the right time, long enough to answer-in character-"The better to eat you with, my dear," and go back to her place in the magazine article.(1). Which of the following best describes Mrs. Calloway?A.Quiet.B. Strict.C.Humorous.D. Considerate.(2).What do the underlined words n this feeling" refer to in the last paragraph?A.Desire to read.B.Love for Mrs. Calloway.C.Interest in games.D.Fear of the library rules.(3).Where is the text probably from?A.A guidebook.B.An autobiography.C.A news report.D.A book review.3.After years of observing human nature, I have decided that two qualities make the difference between men of great achievement and men of average performance curiosity and discontent. I have never known an outstanding man who lacked either. And I have never known an average man who had both. The two belong together.Together, these deep human urges(马区策力)count for much more that ambition. Galileo was not merely ambitious when he dropped objects of varying weights from the Leaning Tower at Pisa and timed their fall to the ground. Like Galileo, all the great names in history were curious and asked in discontent, "Why? Why? Why?"Fortunately, curiosity and discontent don't have to be learned. We are born with them and need only recapture them."The great man," said Mencius(孟子)，"is he who does not lose his child's heart. "Yet most of us do lose it. We stop asking questions. We stop challenging custom. We just follow the crowd. And the crowd desires restful average. It encourages us to occupy our own little corner, to avoid foolish leaps into the dark, to be satisfied.Most of us meet new people, and new ideas, with hesitation. But once having met and liked them, we think how terrible it would have been, had we missed the chance. We will probably have to force ourselves to waken our curiosity and discontent and keep them awake.How should you start? Modestly, so as not to become discouraged. I think of one friend who couldn't arrange flowers to satisfy herself. She was curious about how the experts did it. How she is one of the experts, writing books on flower arrangement.One way to begin is to answer your own excuses. You haven't any special ability? Most people don't; there are only a few geniuses. You haven't any time? That's good, because it's always the people with no time who get things done. Harriet Stowe, mother of six, wrote parts of Uncle Tom's Cabin while cooking. You're too old? Remember that Thomas Costain was 57 when he published his first novel, and that Grandma Moses showed her first pictures when she was 78.However you start, remember there is no better time to start than right now, for you'll never be more alive than you are at this moment.(1).In writing Paragraph 1, the author aims to.A.propose a definitionB.make a comparisonC.reach a conclusionD.present an argument (2). What does the example of Galileo tell us?A.Trial and error leads to the finding of truth.B.Scientists tend to be curious and ambitious.C.Creativity results from challenging authority.D.Greatness comes from a lasting desire to explore.(3).What can you do to recapture curiosity and discontent?A.Observe the unknown around you.B.Develop a questioning mind.C.Lead a life of adventure.D.Follow the fashion.(4).What can we learn from Paragraphs 6 and 7?A.Gaining success helps you become an expert.B.The genius tends to get things done creatively.ck of talent and time is no reason for taking no action.D.You should remain modest when approaching perfection.(5).What could be the best tile or the passage?A.Curious Minds Never Feel ContentedB.Reflections on Human NatureC.The Keys to AchievementD.Never Too Late to Learn4.I was in the middle of the Amazon (亚马逊)with my wife, who was there as a medical researcher. We flew on a small plane to a faraway village. We did not speak the local language, did not know the customs, and more often than not, did not entirely recognize the food. We could not have felt more foreign.We were raised on books and computers, highways and cell phone, but now we were living in a village without running water or electricity. It was easy for us to go to sleep at the end of the day feeling a little misunderstood.Then one perfect Amazonian evening, with monkeys calling from beyond the village green, we played soccer. I am not good at soccer, but that evening it was wonderful. Everyone knew the rules. We all spoke the same language of passes and shots. We understood one another perfectly. As darkness came over the field and the match ended, the goal keeper, Juan, walked over to me and said in a matter-of-fact way, "In your home, do you have a moon too?" I was surprised.After I explained to Juan that yes, we did have a moon and yes, it was very similar to his, I felt a sort of awe (敬畏)at the possibilities that existed in his world. In Juan's world, each village could have its own moon. In Juan's world, the unknown and undiscovered was vast and marvelous.Anything was possible.In our society, we know that Earth has only one moon. We have looked at our planet from every angle and found all of the wildest things left to find, I can, from my computer at home, pull up satellite images of Juan's village. There are no more continents and no more moons to search for, little left to discover. Atleast it seems that way.Yet, as I thought about Juan's question. I was not sure how much more we could really rule out. I am, in part, an ant biologist, so my thoughts turned to what we know about insect life and I knew that much in the world of insects remains unknown. How much, though? How ignorant (无知的)are we? The question of what we know and do not know constantly bothered me.I began collecting newspaper articles about new species, new monkey, new spider..., and on and on they appear. My drawer quickly filled. I began a second drawer for more general discoveries: new cave system discovered with dozens of nameless species, four hundred species of bacteria found in the human stomach. The second drawer began to fill and as it did, I wondered whether there were bigger discoveries out there, not just species, but life that depends on things thought to be useless, life even without DNA. I started a third drawer for these big discoveries. It fills more slowly, but all the same, it fills.In looking into the stories of biological discovery. I also began to find something else, a collection of scientists, usually brilliant, occasionally half-mad, who made the discoveries. Those scientists very often see the same things that other scientists see, but they pay more attention to them, and they focus on them to the point of exhaustion and at the risk of the ridicule of their peers. In looking for the stories of discovery, I found the stories of these people and how their lives changed our view of the world.We are repeatedly willing to imagine we have found most of what is left to discover. We used to think that insects were the smallest organisms(生物)，and that nothing lived deeper than six hundred meters. Yet, when something new turns up, more often than not, we do not even know its name.(1).How did the author feel on his arrival in the Amazon?A.Out of place.B.Full of joy.C.Sleepy.D.Regretful.(2).What made that Amazonian evening wonderful?A.He learned more about the local language.B.They had a nice conversation with each other.C.They understood each other while playing.D.He won the soccer game with the goal keeper.(3).Why was the author surprised at Juan's question about the moon?A.The question was too straightforward.B.Juan knew so little about the world.C.The author didn't know how to answer.D.The author didn't think Juan was sincere.(4).What was the author's initial purpose of collecting newspaper articles?A.To sort out what we have known.B.To deepen his research into Amazonians.C.To improve his reputation as a biologist.D.To learn more about local cultures.(5).How did those brilliant scientists make great discoveries?A.They shifted their viewpoints frequently.B.They followed other scientists closely.C.They often criticized their fellow scientists.D.They conducted in-depth and close studies.(6).What could be the most suitable title for the passage?A.The Possible and the ImpossibleB.The Known and the UnknownC.The Civilized and the UncivilizedD.The Ignorant and the Intelligent5.I have a degree in business. However, it was my father's decision for me to follow a business major(专业).He thought that having a business degree would make me more competitive and provide me with more available options in entering a global marketplace. I took his advice.However,even though my college experiences were fantastic,! still had no interest in any field of commercejet alone having a long-term career(职业)as a businesswoman.After I graduated,! worked as a marketing planner at a computer company. My pay and working environment were great; however,! still didn't feel happy doing something that I wasn't interested in. After two months of working there, I made up my mind to quit and decided to do what I love,namely teaching English. I have now been an English teacher for over twenty years. I love my job and love being with my students.If you are in a place where you don't love what you are learning or doing, please ask yourself what you are really enthusiastic about,and what you truly want for your life. Don't rush to get yourself a quick answer. Take some time to think about what career could make you happy. The important thing is that you are happy and then you are able to bring happiness to people around you. Therefore,you will be a success. There is a quote(弓| 语)that says,“Success is not the key to ha ppiness. Happiness is the key to success. "If you love what you are doing,you will be successful.l.How did the author feel about her major at college?A.Nervous.B.Doubtful.C.Disappointed.D.Uninterested.A.The dissatisfactory salary.B.Her sticking to her true liking.C.Her father5s desire and arrangement.D.The second job5s better working environment.3.Why is a quote used in paragraph 3?A.To show how to be successful in life.B.To introduce a way to find a good job.C.To inform the root of living a happy life.D.To tell the importance of changing jobs.4.Who is the text targeted at?A.Teachers.B.Parents.C.Job hunters.D.Top students.6.1 realized something this morning. I have been writing now for 34 years. It all started when I was just 18 years old. As a boy I had read literally（毫不夸张地）hundreds of books. I had a thirst for knowledge that seemingly could never fade. Then suddenly I found I had something I wanted to share. I tried to ignore it, but as any writer will tell you once the ideas awaken inside of you they won't leave you alone until you write them down. I didn't have a computer, word processor, or even a typewriter. Still, I grabbed a pen and lined notebook paper and wrote everything that was burning inside of me.When I was done I didn't know how to share it. There was no internet back then, no smart phones, and no social media. I sought out the editor of my local county newspaper and asked him to print what I had written. He was a good man full of both wisdom and kindness. He not only printed my first story but agreed to publish anything else I was willing to write. I continued to write new articles each week and shared them first with other local papers and later online as well. Years later at the urging of my readers I even self-published two collections of my stories in book form.Through my writing I slowly became more than I was. In my writings I encountered my highest self. In my writings I discovered the goodness and light that lies in us all. In my writings I found great love and joy and encouraged others to choose love and joy as well. I also found that we all are writers whether we put pen to paper or not. With every choice we make, with every thought we hold, and with everything we do we are writing our own life story.Lance Wubbels once wrote: n I hope you realize your life is truly your life. It belongs to you. It is your story to write with love. Day by day, line by line, write it well."l.As a boy, when the author found he had something to share,A.he wrote it downB.he ignored itC.he shared it on social mediaD.he told it to a writer2.How did the author begin his writing career?A.He was hired as a newspaper editor.B.He put his stories online by himself.C.He self-published two books.D.He was helped by a local newspaper editor.3.What does the author think of writing?A.Writing takes practice and efforts.B.Writing can benefit oneself and others.C.Writing helps people tell right from wrong.D.Only with a pen can one write his life story.4.Which of the following can be the best title for the text?A.A Way to be a WriterB.A Way to Share IdeasC.Living is WritingD.Writing is the Source of Love7.Daniella Wride was brushing her daughter's long brown hair when she noticed that with each comb, masses of the hair were coming out. That was January 1, 2017. Within 20 days, seven-year-old Gianessa Wride's hair was completely gone, and her doctor said the hair would never grow back. Gianessa had become one of the 6. 8 million Americans with alopecia, an auto-immune disease that causes hair loss.Alopecia isn't painful, but for kids who suffer from it, the severe pain comes from standing out from the crowd. For the most part, the students in Gianessa9 s first-grade class in Salem, Utah, were understanding. But the occasional jokes of "Baldy''（秃子）made her feel like an abandoned child. "I didn't want her to feel that she wasn't like the other kids," her mother said."I tried covering her baldness, but the artificial hair was uncomfortable."Then comes the school's traditional "Crazy Hair Day" in April, a great just-for-fun celebration where all the kids and their parents can express their wild sides a bit. Daniella and Gianessa decided that rather than hide Gianessa9 s baldness under the artificial hair, they would celebrate it. Daniella bought scrapbook-sticker（贝占纸）jewels and decorated her head with flowered designs and even a deer. "They just fit her personality,Daniella smiled. "She's so lovely."On the morning of the competition, Gianessa was nervous. Would her friends think it was funny? However, with her mother's encouragement, she had nothing to fear. Impressive Gianessa was a hit and a winner of the crazy-hair competition. Gianessa is now glad that she dared to go bare.“I was sad at first when I lost all my hair,,, she told people. "But now I love being bald. I can do things to my head that other kids can't. I'm thinking now it might be fun to decorate my head with some colourful butterflies and flowers."1.Why was Gianessa different from other kids?A.She was bom bald.B.She suffered from hair loss.C.She was talented in hair designing.D.She had her head fully shaved.2.How did others react to Gianessa9s disease?A.Her doctor was quite optimistic.B.Her mother gave her artificial hair.C.Her classmates were all considerate.D.Her school offered her special help.3.What could Gianessa do on the "Crazy Hair Day"?A.She could tease others.B.She could decorate her hair.C.She could shop scrapbook-stickers.D.She could show her personality.4.What is the main idea of the text?A.The girl faced her disease in a most beautiful way.B.The artificial hair built up the girl's confidence.C.The competition served as a way to make a change.D.The disease was cured with mother's love and care.答案以及解析1.答案：(1)-(4)CBCD解析：(1).考查推理判断。